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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Achaemenid Empire</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">140 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Achaemenid Empire</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Empire">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Empire/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Empire/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Empire/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Achaemenid_Empire">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7004430" data-work_id="7004430" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7004430/Las_estaciones_reales_durante_el_periodo_Aquem%C3%A9nida_The_Royal_Stations_in_the_Achaemenid_Period">Las estaciones reales durante el periodo Aqueménida/The Royal Stations in the Achaemenid Period</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We know very little about the facilities that Achaemenid kings established along the roads that crossed the vast territory that they ruled, where travelers, officials and messengers could stock up, rest and change of saddle to continue... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7004430" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We know very little about the facilities that Achaemenid kings established along the roads that crossed the vast territory that they ruled, where travelers, officials and messengers could stock up, rest and change of saddle to continue their journey. Thank to the information the ancient sources and archaeological research give us, we can get an idea of the distance from each other, the diversity of activities that took place and the more luxurious structures which existed exclusively for the royal family and the high dignitaries of the court.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7004430" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ab859bb0fed52bbc009c2b54466b14aa" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33666833,"asset_id":7004430,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33666833/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NjA3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1079508" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Joaqu%C3%ADnVel%C3%A1zquez">Joaquín Velázquez Muñoz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1079508" type="text/json">{"id":1079508,"first_name":"Joaquín","last_name":"Velázquez Muñoz","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JoaquínVelázquez","display_name":"Joaquín Velázquez Muñoz","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Joaqu%C3%ADnVel%C3%A1zquez?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1079508/373919/453079/s65_joaqu_n.vel_zquez.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7004430 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7004430"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7004430, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7004430", }); 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Notions of progress and structure in Achaemenid Historiography</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">An examination of the way in which the subject of religion in Achaemenid Persia has been so heavily influenced by the contemporary academic context. Looking at the the developments in anthropology and history, the development of notions... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8300985" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An examination of the way in which the subject of religion in Achaemenid Persia has been so heavily influenced by the contemporary academic context. Looking at the the developments in anthropology and history, the development of notions such as progress and structuralism and how these have played a part in cultivating a particular interpretation of how religion in Achaemenid Persia would have functioned.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8300985" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="42180c3aa04d6ab4a9dde55a0be5f767" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34710879,"asset_id":8300985,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34710879/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NjA3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8553905" href="https://cardiff.academia.edu/RoryMcDaid">Rory McDaid</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8553905" type="text/json">{"id":8553905,"first_name":"Rory","last_name":"McDaid","domain_name":"cardiff","page_name":"RoryMcDaid","display_name":"Rory McDaid","profile_url":"https://cardiff.academia.edu/RoryMcDaid?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8553905/4501875/5213615/s65_rory.mcdaid.jpg_oh_677e63c83cca343959f8c9d9c3750f4f_oe_549e1285___gda___1417953298_98d4a0d9d97f9f7c14dbe930dc44a7ea"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8300985 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8300985"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8300985, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8300985", }); 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js-work-card work_34066779" data-work_id="34066779" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34066779/Old_Iranian_Motifs_in_V%C4%ABs_o_R%C4%81m%C4%ABn">Old Iranian Motifs in Vīs o Rāmīn</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34066779" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="01be61fc8275899cb732b55f033b33a1" rel="nofollow" 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Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_Language?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14735" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Persia">Achaemenid Persia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14735" type="text/json">{"id":14735,"name":"Achaemenid Persia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Persia?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19518" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sasanian_History">Sasanian History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="19518" type="text/json">{"id":19518,"name":"Sasanian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sasanian_History?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34066779]'), work: {"id":34066779,"title":"Old Iranian Motifs in Vīs o 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href="https://www.academia.edu/19780197/Double_bull_Protome_Capital_Identical_Art_Pattern_of_Achaemenid_Empire_in_All_of_Empire_Lands_in_Persian_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%88_%D8%B3%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%AF%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C_%D9%87%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_">Double-bull Protome Capital; Identical Art Pattern of Achaemenid Empire in All of Empire Lands (in Persian) (سرستون دو سر گاو؛ الگوی هنری یکسان شاهنشاهی هخامنشی در سرتاسر امپراتوری)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19780197" 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امپراتوری)","created_at":"2015-12-22T01:50:12.481-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19780197/Double_bull_Protome_Capital_Identical_Art_Pattern_of_Achaemenid_Empire_in_All_of_Empire_Lands_in_Persian_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%88_%D8%B3%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%AF%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C_%D9%87%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_?f_ri=283545","dom_id":"work_19780197","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":40840809,"asset_id":19780197,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2842330,"first_name":"Farzad","last_name":"Abedi","domain_name":"tehran","page_name":"FAbedi","display_name":"Farzad 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1195765/Litin%C3%A9raire_des_Dix_mille_en_M%C3%A9sopotamie_et_lapport_des_sources_cun%C3%A9iformes">L'itinéraire des Dix-mille en Mésopotamie et l'apport des sources cunéiformes</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Several interesting facts emerge when one places the information contained in the Anabasis side by side with that provided by the contemporary cuneiform texts on the Middle-Euphrates and northern Babylonia. The route taken by Cyrus the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1195765" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Several interesting facts emerge when one places the information contained in the Anabasis side by side with that provided by the contemporary cuneiform texts on the Middle-Euphrates and northern Babylonia. The route taken by Cyrus the Younger along the left bank of the Euphrates is revealed as unconventional. The choice of this itinerary was dictated both by the strategy he was following vis-à-vis his brother, as well as by his troops. The countryside crossed by the Ten Thousand in northern Babylonia helps to define more precisely and fully what the cuneiform sources suggest : it is primarily an agricultural region, where rural settlement at the expense of the traditional Babylonian cities was favoured under the Achaemenids. The same phenomenon can be observed in the former region of Assyria when the soldiers move up the Tigris. The accuracy of Xenophon's observations on the desert fauna and Babylonian flora needs to be stressed, despite the fact that his interpretation of various features of the landscape are somewhat contrived. This may be either bis own doing or that of his characters.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1195765" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="05956e240e8989a60b831075d3814ffc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":7413139,"asset_id":1195765,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/7413139/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NjA3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1045371" href="https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/FJoann%C3%A8s">Francis Joannès</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1045371" type="text/json">{"id":1045371,"first_name":"Francis","last_name":"Joannès","domain_name":"univ-paris1","page_name":"FJoannès","display_name":"Francis Joannès","profile_url":"https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/FJoann%C3%A8s?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1045371/365016/442221/s65_francis.joann_s.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1195765 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1195765"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1195765, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1195765", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1195765]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1195765").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1195765").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1195765"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21249" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Xenophon">Xenophon</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21249" type="text/json">{"id":21249,"name":"Xenophon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Xenophon?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33874" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cuneiform">Cuneiform</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33874" type="text/json">{"id":33874,"name":"Cuneiform","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cuneiform?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="85913" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="85913" type="text/json">{"id":85913,"name":"Mesopotamia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesopotamia?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="283545" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="283545" type="text/json">{"id":283545,"name":"Achaemenid Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Empire?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1195765]'), work: {"id":1195765,"title":"L'itinéraire des Dix-mille en Mésopotamie et l'apport des sources cunéiformes","created_at":"2012-01-03T01:37:11.748-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1195765/Litin%C3%A9raire_des_Dix_mille_en_M%C3%A9sopotamie_et_lapport_des_sources_cun%C3%A9iformes?f_ri=283545","dom_id":"work_1195765","summary":"Several interesting facts emerge when one places the information contained in the Anabasis side by side with that provided by the contemporary cuneiform texts on the Middle-Euphrates and northern Babylonia. The route taken by Cyrus the Younger along the left bank of the Euphrates is revealed as unconventional. The choice of this itinerary was dictated both by the strategy he was following vis-à-vis his brother, as well as by his troops. The countryside crossed by the Ten Thousand in northern Babylonia helps to define more precisely and fully what the cuneiform sources suggest : it is primarily an agricultural region, where rural settlement at the expense of the traditional Babylonian cities was favoured under the Achaemenids. The same phenomenon can be observed in the former region of Assyria when the soldiers move up the Tigris. The accuracy of Xenophon's observations on the desert fauna and Babylonian flora needs to be stressed, despite the fact that his interpretation of various features of the landscape are somewhat contrived. This may be either bis own doing or that of his characters. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":7413139,"asset_id":1195765,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1045371,"first_name":"Francis","last_name":"Joannès","domain_name":"univ-paris1","page_name":"FJoannès","display_name":"Francis Joannès","profile_url":"https://univ-paris1.academia.edu/FJoann%C3%A8s?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1045371/365016/442221/s65_francis.joann_s.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":21249,"name":"Xenophon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Xenophon?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":33874,"name":"Cuneiform","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cuneiform?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":85913,"name":"Mesopotamia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mesopotamia?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":283545,"name":"Achaemenid Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Empire?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22882458" data-work_id="22882458" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22882458/The_Sources_of_King_Solomons_Luxury">The Sources of King Solomon's Luxury</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">An examination of the geographical sources of Solomon’s luxury, as specified in the book of Kings. The aim is not to demonstrate whether the tenth century kingdom existed, but instead, by identifying the cultural sources of the Solomon... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22882458" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">An examination of the geographical sources of Solomon’s luxury, as specified in the book of Kings. The aim is not to demonstrate whether the tenth century kingdom existed, but instead, by identifying the cultural sources of the Solomon story, to suggest when and in what historical context it was written.<br /><br />This is the English version of the paper published in French as "Les sources du luxe du roi Salomon". The published French text is also available on academia.edu.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22882458" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="37c2e0658bb1d8efe640c10e4d7b2df2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43424740,"asset_id":22882458,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43424740/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NjA3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43630088" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DalbyAndrew">Andrew Dalby</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43630088" type="text/json">{"id":43630088,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Dalby","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DalbyAndrew","display_name":"Andrew Dalby","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DalbyAndrew?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43630088/11849673/13206513/s65_andrew.dalby.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22882458 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22882458"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22882458, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22882458", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22882458]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22882458").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22882458").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22882458"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35213" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_History">Achaemenid History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35213" type="text/json">{"id":35213,"name":"Achaemenid History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_History?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="80809" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tartessos">Tartessos</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="80809" type="text/json">{"id":80809,"name":"Tartessos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tartessos?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="165974" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/King_Solomon">King Solomon</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="165974" type="text/json">{"id":165974,"name":"King Solomon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/King_Solomon?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="231399" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Book_of_Kings">Book of Kings</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="231399" type="text/json">{"id":231399,"name":"Book of Kings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Book_of_Kings?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22882458]'), work: {"id":22882458,"title":"The Sources of King Solomon's Luxury","created_at":"2016-03-06T08:46:14.814-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22882458/The_Sources_of_King_Solomons_Luxury?f_ri=283545","dom_id":"work_22882458","summary":"An examination of the geographical sources of Solomon’s luxury, as specified in the book of Kings. The aim is not to demonstrate whether the tenth century kingdom existed, but instead, by identifying the cultural sources of the Solomon story, to suggest when and in what historical context it was written.\n\nThis is the English version of the paper published in French as \"Les sources du luxe du roi Salomon\". The published French text is also available on academia.edu.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43424740,"asset_id":22882458,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43630088,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Dalby","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DalbyAndrew","display_name":"Andrew Dalby","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DalbyAndrew?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43630088/11849673/13206513/s65_andrew.dalby.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":35213,"name":"Achaemenid History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_History?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":80809,"name":"Tartessos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tartessos?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":165974,"name":"King Solomon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/King_Solomon?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":231399,"name":"Book of Kings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Book_of_Kings?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":283545,"name":"Achaemenid Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Empire?f_ri=283545"},{"id":494926,"name":"Sabaean Kingdom","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sabaean_Kingdom?f_ri=283545"},{"id":641919,"name":"The Temple of Solomon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Temple_of_Solomon?f_ri=283545"},{"id":681996,"name":"Books of Kings Sources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Books_of_Kings_Sources?f_ri=283545"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22975365" data-work_id="22975365" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22975365/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_Herod_I_107_122_Xen_Cyr_I_3_I_4_3_Two_Versions_of_the_Tale_about_Cyrus_the_Great_Childhood_Herod_I_107_122_Xen_Cyr_I_3_I_4_3_in_Russian_with_English_summary_">Две версии предания о детстве Кира Великого (Herod., I.107–122; Xen. Cyr., I.3–I.4.3) / Two Versions of the Tale about Cyrus’ the Great Childhood (Herod., I.107–122; Xen. Cyr., I.3–I.4.3) (in Russian with English summary)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The article is devoted to two versions of the tale about Cyrus’ the Great childhood. The author compares Herodotus’ and Xenophon’s versions of the tale. The main event of Herodotus’ version is a game, basilinda which has a sacral sense.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22975365" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The article is devoted to two versions of the tale about Cyrus’ the Great childhood. The author compares Herodotus’ and Xenophon’s versions of the tale. The main event of Herodotus’ version is a game, basilinda which has a sacral sense. Xenophon’s version has six main events and the third event namely the conversation between Cyrus and his mother Mandane is a culmination of the tale. It is necessary to note the epics’ influence on Xenophon’s version, which becomes apparent in the attitude to the problem of truth and time in the tale. In the tale «Cyropaedia» as well as in «Histories» we can see probably some kind of «syncretic truth», which differs from historical and narrative truth. Both versions tell us about events which were in real, not in fictional or narrative, time in the past. The author supposes that the main purpose of «Cyropaedia» was to tell about Cyrus’ deeds (erga).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22975365" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8f03fb0866f1445e8f258164229d7213" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43495056,"asset_id":22975365,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43495056/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NjA3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4848057" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlexanderSapogov">Aleksandr Sapogov</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4848057" type="text/json">{"id":4848057,"first_name":"Aleksandr","last_name":"Sapogov","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlexanderSapogov","display_name":"Aleksandr Sapogov","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlexanderSapogov?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4848057/2075855/27985743/s65_alexander.sapogov.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22975365 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22975365"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22975365, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22975365", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22975365]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22975365").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22975365").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22975365"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="828" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_History">Greek History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="828" type="text/json">{"id":828,"name":"Greek History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_History?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14735" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Persia">Achaemenid Persia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14735" type="text/json">{"id":14735,"name":"Achaemenid Persia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Persia?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="21249" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Xenophon">Xenophon</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="21249" type="text/json">{"id":21249,"name":"Xenophon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Xenophon?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33399" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herodotus">Herodotus</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="33399" type="text/json">{"id":33399,"name":"Herodotus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herodotus?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22975365]'), work: {"id":22975365,"title":"Две версии предания о детстве Кира Великого (Herod., I.107–122; Xen. Cyr., I.3–I.4.3) / Two Versions of the Tale about Cyrus’ the Great Childhood (Herod., I.107–122; Xen. Cyr., I.3–I.4.3) (in Russian with English summary)","created_at":"2016-03-08T01:53:59.313-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22975365/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_Herod_I_107_122_Xen_Cyr_I_3_I_4_3_Two_Versions_of_the_Tale_about_Cyrus_the_Great_Childhood_Herod_I_107_122_Xen_Cyr_I_3_I_4_3_in_Russian_with_English_summary_?f_ri=283545","dom_id":"work_22975365","summary":"The article is devoted to two versions of the tale about Cyrus’ the Great childhood. The author compares Herodotus’ and Xenophon’s versions of the tale. The main event of Herodotus’ version is a game, basilinda which has a sacral sense. Xenophon’s version has six main events and the third event namely the conversation between Cyrus and his mother Mandane is a culmination of the tale. It is necessary to note the epics’ influence on Xenophon’s version, which becomes apparent in the attitude to the problem of truth and time in the tale. In the tale «Cyropaedia» as well as in «Histories» we can see probably some kind of «syncretic truth», which differs from historical and narrative truth. Both versions tell us about events which were in real, not in fictional or narrative, time in the past. The author supposes that the main purpose of «Cyropaedia» was to tell about Cyrus’ deeds (erga).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43495056,"asset_id":22975365,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4848057,"first_name":"Aleksandr","last_name":"Sapogov","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlexanderSapogov","display_name":"Aleksandr Sapogov","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlexanderSapogov?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4848057/2075855/27985743/s65_alexander.sapogov.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":828,"name":"Greek History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_History?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":14735,"name":"Achaemenid Persia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Persia?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":21249,"name":"Xenophon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Xenophon?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":33399,"name":"Herodotus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herodotus?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":35213,"name":"Achaemenid History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_History?f_ri=283545"},{"id":52074,"name":"Ancient Greek Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_Language?f_ri=283545"},{"id":70819,"name":"Achaemenids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenids?f_ri=283545"},{"id":94418,"name":"Ancient Greek Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_Literature?f_ri=283545"},{"id":111656,"name":"Classical Greece","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Greece?f_ri=283545"},{"id":237544,"name":"Cyrus the Great","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyrus_the_Great?f_ri=283545"},{"id":283545,"name":"Achaemenid Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Empire?f_ri=283545"},{"id":998945,"name":"Achaemenid Persian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Persian_History?f_ri=283545"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32405974" data-work_id="32405974" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32405974/2018_Making_meaning_of_myth_On_the_interpretation_of_mythological_imagery_in_the_Polyxena_Sarcophagus_and_the_K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lbel_Tomb_and_the_history_of_Achaemenid_Asia_Minor_in_L_Audley_Miller_and_B_Dignas_eds_Wandering_Myths_De_Gruyter_23_70">2018: 'Making meaning of myth. On the interpretation of mythological imagery in the Polyxena Sarcophagus and the Kızılbel Tomb and the history of Achaemenid Asia Minor', in L. Audley-Miller and B. Dignas (eds), Wandering Myths. De Gruyter, 23-70</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper concerns the interpretation of mythological images decorating two tombs dating to the later sixth and early fifth century BC in Asia Minor and their meaning for understanding the cultural and social history of the peninsula... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32405974" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper concerns the interpretation of mythological images decorating two tombs dating to the later sixth and early fifth century BC in Asia Minor and their meaning for understanding the cultural and social history of the peninsula following its incorporation into the Achaemenid Persian Empire in the 540s BC.  <br /><br />The contributions are threefold: a) the explicit articulation of interpretative approaches to and problems in understanding the use of myth in ancient memorial art within broader trends in theories of interpretation; b) new identifications of subject matter in the case studies addressed; and c) the proposal of an approach that transcends sticking points in determining contextual meanings to consider broader patterns in imagery use, with a view to contributing to an economic landscape-oriented history.<br /><br /><<a href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=yIxuDwAAQBAJ&lpg=PA23&ots=I2livyBZgm&dq=%22Catherine%20Draycott%22&lr=lang_en&pg=PA23#v=onepage&q=%22Catherine%20Draycott%22&f=false" rel="nofollow">https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=yIxuDwAAQBAJ&lpg=PA23&ots=I2livyBZgm&dq=%22Catherine%20Draycott%22&lr=lang_en&pg=PA23#v=onepage&q=%22Catherine%20Draycott%22&f=false</a>><br /><br />Relevant review<br /><br /><a href="https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.05.15/" rel="nofollow">https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.05.15/</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32405974" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ef4607ef135c029bed2276b82c943bf0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57444895,"asset_id":32405974,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57444895/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NjA3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="111658" href="https://durham.academia.edu/CatherineDraycott">Catherine M Draycott</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="111658" type="text/json">{"id":111658,"first_name":"Catherine","last_name":"Draycott","domain_name":"durham","page_name":"CatherineDraycott","display_name":"Catherine M Draycott","profile_url":"https://durham.academia.edu/CatherineDraycott?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/111658/85487/16878962/s65_catherine.draycott.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32405974 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32405974"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32405974, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32405974", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32405974]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32405974").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32405974").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32405974"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History">Ancient History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130" type="text/json">{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="393" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Archaeology">Classical Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="393" type="text/json">{"id":393,"name":"Classical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Archaeology?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="788" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology">Mythology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="788" type="text/json">{"id":788,"name":"Mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1956" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anatolian_Studies">Anatolian Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1956" type="text/json">{"id":1956,"name":"Anatolian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anatolian_Studies?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32405974]'), work: {"id":32405974,"title":"2018: 'Making meaning of myth. On the interpretation of mythological imagery in the Polyxena Sarcophagus and the Kızılbel Tomb and the history of Achaemenid Asia Minor', in L. Audley-Miller and B. Dignas (eds), Wandering Myths. De Gruyter, 23-70","created_at":"2017-04-13T01:21:20.206-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32405974/2018_Making_meaning_of_myth_On_the_interpretation_of_mythological_imagery_in_the_Polyxena_Sarcophagus_and_the_K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lbel_Tomb_and_the_history_of_Achaemenid_Asia_Minor_in_L_Audley_Miller_and_B_Dignas_eds_Wandering_Myths_De_Gruyter_23_70?f_ri=283545","dom_id":"work_32405974","summary":"This paper concerns the interpretation of mythological images decorating two tombs dating to the later sixth and early fifth century BC in Asia Minor and their meaning for understanding the cultural and social history of the peninsula following its incorporation into the Achaemenid Persian Empire in the 540s BC. \n\nThe contributions are threefold: a) the explicit articulation of interpretative approaches to and problems in understanding the use of myth in ancient memorial art within broader trends in theories of interpretation; b) new identifications of subject matter in the case studies addressed; and c) the proposal of an approach that transcends sticking points in determining contextual meanings to consider broader patterns in imagery use, with a view to contributing to an economic landscape-oriented history.\n\n\u003chttps://books.google.co.uk/books?id=yIxuDwAAQBAJ\u0026lpg=PA23\u0026ots=I2livyBZgm\u0026dq=%22Catherine%20Draycott%22\u0026lr=lang_en\u0026pg=PA23#v=onepage\u0026q=%22Catherine%20Draycott%22\u0026f=false\u003e\n\nRelevant review\n\nhttps://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.05.15/ ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57444895,"asset_id":32405974,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":111658,"first_name":"Catherine","last_name":"Draycott","domain_name":"durham","page_name":"CatherineDraycott","display_name":"Catherine M Draycott","profile_url":"https://durham.academia.edu/CatherineDraycott?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/111658/85487/16878962/s65_catherine.draycott.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":393,"name":"Classical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Archaeology?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":788,"name":"Mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":1956,"name":"Anatolian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anatolian_Studies?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":3790,"name":"Anatolian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anatolian_Archaeology?f_ri=283545"},{"id":5272,"name":"Identity (Culture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_Culture_?f_ri=283545"},{"id":20719,"name":"Interpretation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interpretation?f_ri=283545"},{"id":28362,"name":"Classical Mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Mythology?f_ri=283545"},{"id":29543,"name":"Archaeological Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeological_Methodology?f_ri=283545"},{"id":35213,"name":"Achaemenid History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_History?f_ri=283545"},{"id":48083,"name":"Ancient Lycia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Lycia?f_ri=283545"},{"id":72760,"name":"Achaemenid Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Art?f_ri=283545"},{"id":77581,"name":"Ancient Greek Mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_Mythology?f_ri=283545"},{"id":105878,"name":"History and Archaeology of Asia Minor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_and_Archaeology_of_Asia_Minor?f_ri=283545"},{"id":108938,"name":"Funerary art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Funerary_art?f_ri=283545"},{"id":215640,"name":"Tomb Painting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tomb_Painting?f_ri=283545"},{"id":283545,"name":"Achaemenid Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Empire?f_ri=283545"},{"id":998945,"name":"Achaemenid Persian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Persian_History?f_ri=283545"},{"id":1247104,"name":"Milyad","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Milyad?f_ri=283545"},{"id":1251463,"name":"Polyxena Sarcophagus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polyxena_Sarcophagus?f_ri=283545"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42875798" data-work_id="42875798" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42875798/PERSIAN_SLAVERY_AND_ZOROASTER_ETHICS_Did_Ancient_Persians_encourage_slavery">PERSIAN SLAVERY AND ZOROASTER ETHICS: Did Ancient Persians encourage slavery</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Many commentators consider that the Ancient Persians did not have much to do with slavery, indeed that their concept of The Truth would have forbade it. Certainly they may have developed one of the first ethical systems which possibly was... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42875798" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Many commentators consider that the Ancient Persians did not have much to do with slavery, indeed that their concept of The Truth would have forbade it. Certainly they may have developed one of the first ethical systems which possibly was applied to everyone.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42875798" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="39c9444f37e73a40612bd87b8288e673" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63117662,"asset_id":42875798,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63117662/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NjA3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="83145903" href="https://independent.academia.edu/wilkinstanley">stanley wilkin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="83145903" type="text/json">{"id":83145903,"first_name":"stanley","last_name":"wilkin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"wilkinstanley","display_name":"stanley wilkin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/wilkinstanley?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/83145903/21728375/21044131/s65_stanley.wilkin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42875798 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42875798"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42875798, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42875798", }); 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Certainly they may have developed one of the first ethical systems which possibly was applied to everyone.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63117662,"asset_id":42875798,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":83145903,"first_name":"stanley","last_name":"wilkin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"wilkinstanley","display_name":"stanley wilkin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/wilkinstanley?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/83145903/21728375/21044131/s65_stanley.wilkin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4412,"name":"Zoroastrianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoroastrianism?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":6283,"name":"History of Slavery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Slavery?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":14735,"name":"Achaemenid Persia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Persia?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":26319,"name":"Zoroastrianism (History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoroastrianism_History_?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":35213,"name":"Achaemenid History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_History?f_ri=283545"},{"id":283545,"name":"Achaemenid Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Empire?f_ri=283545"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22553063" data-work_id="22553063" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22553063/Les_sources_du_luxe_du_roi_Salomon">Les sources du luxe du roi Salomon</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Chapter from Catherine Grandjean, Christophe Hugoniot, Brigitte Lion, eds, Le banquet du monarque dans le monde antique (2013) available from Presses Universitaires de Rennes An examination of the geographical sources of Solomon’s... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22553063" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Chapter from Catherine Grandjean, Christophe Hugoniot, Brigitte Lion, eds, Le banquet du monarque dans le monde antique (2013) available from Presses Universitaires de Rennes<br /><br />An examination of the geographical sources of Solomon’s luxury, as specified in the book of Kings. The aim is not to demonstrate whether the tenth century kingdom existed, but instead, by identifying the cultural sources of the Solomon story, to suggest when and in what historical context it was written.<br /><br />The English version of this paper is also available on academia.edu, titled "The Sources of King Solomon's Luxury"</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22553063" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8440fc2127da918f38184e12eb0976a2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43166089,"asset_id":22553063,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43166089/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NjA3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43630088" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DalbyAndrew">Andrew Dalby</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43630088" type="text/json">{"id":43630088,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Dalby","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DalbyAndrew","display_name":"Andrew Dalby","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DalbyAndrew?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43630088/11849673/13206513/s65_andrew.dalby.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22553063 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22553063"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22553063, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22553063", }); 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The aim is not to demonstrate whether the tenth century kingdom existed, but instead, by identifying the cultural sources of the Solomon story, to suggest when and in what historical context it was written.\n\nThe English version of this paper is also available on academia.edu, titled \"The Sources of King Solomon's Luxury\"","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43166089,"asset_id":22553063,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":43630088,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Dalby","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DalbyAndrew","display_name":"Andrew Dalby","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DalbyAndrew?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43630088/11849673/13206513/s65_andrew.dalby.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":35213,"name":"Achaemenid History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_History?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":80809,"name":"Tartessos","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tartessos?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":165974,"name":"King Solomon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/King_Solomon?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":231399,"name":"Book of Kings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Book_of_Kings?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":283545,"name":"Achaemenid Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Empire?f_ri=283545"},{"id":296030,"name":"Persian Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_Empire?f_ri=283545"},{"id":494926,"name":"Sabaean Kingdom","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sabaean_Kingdom?f_ri=283545"},{"id":641919,"name":"The Temple of Solomon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Temple_of_Solomon?f_ri=283545"},{"id":681996,"name":"Books of Kings Sources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Books_of_Kings_Sources?f_ri=283545"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3862018" data-work_id="3862018" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3862018/Schrifterfindung_Faltenstil_und_die_Genealogie_der_Ach%C3%A4meniden_Ein_R%C3%BCckblick_auf_die_j%C3%BCngere_Ach%C3%A4menidenforschung_1_2011">Schrifterfindung, Faltenstil und die Genealogie der Achämeniden. Ein Rückblick auf die jüngere Achämenidenforschung (1), 2011</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3862018" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cc2c621cb14a18c3546cadb44aff47bb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":85228076,"asset_id":3862018,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85228076/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NjA3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="703103" href="https://lmu-munich.academia.edu/WolfgangBalzer">Wolfgang Balzer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="703103" type="text/json">{"id":703103,"first_name":"Wolfgang","last_name":"Balzer","domain_name":"lmu-munich","page_name":"WolfgangBalzer","display_name":"Wolfgang Balzer","profile_url":"https://lmu-munich.academia.edu/WolfgangBalzer?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/703103/569619/21218567/s65_wolfgang.balzer.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3862018 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3862018"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3862018, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3862018", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3862018 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3862018; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3862018"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3862018 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3862018"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3862018; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3862018]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3862018").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3862018").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3862018"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">33</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History">Ancient History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130" type="text/json">{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="397" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Near_Eastern_Archaeology">Near Eastern Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="397" type="text/json">{"id":397,"name":"Near Eastern Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Near_Eastern_Archaeology?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="869" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iconography">Iconography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="869" type="text/json">{"id":869,"name":"Iconography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iconography?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="915" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History">Art History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="915" type="text/json">{"id":915,"name":"Art History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3862018]'), work: {"id":3862018,"title":"Schrifterfindung, Faltenstil und die Genealogie der Achämeniden. 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Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iran_Archaeology?f_ri=283545"},{"id":85212,"name":"Persepolis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persepolis?f_ri=283545"},{"id":100357,"name":"Ancient Near Eastern Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Near_Eastern_Studies?f_ri=283545"},{"id":104866,"name":"Achaemenid Art and Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Art_and_Archaeology?f_ri=283545"},{"id":281690,"name":"Cyrus I Persia Parsua Parsumash Elam Anshan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyrus_I_Persia_Parsua_Parsumash_Elam_Anshan?f_ri=283545"},{"id":283545,"name":"Achaemenid Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Empire?f_ri=283545"},{"id":458770,"name":"Ancient History of Persia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History_of_Persia?f_ri=283545"},{"id":998945,"name":"Achaemenid Persian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Persian_History?f_ri=283545"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44824593" data-work_id="44824593" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44824593/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%A0%D0%90_%D0%98%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%AF">Реферат СТАРА ИСТОРИЯ</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Управление на Камбиз Втори.<br />Ахеменидска династия на Персия.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44824593" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b10ee687e32f90b1d54857b589e3f296" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65326406,"asset_id":44824593,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65326406/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NjA3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25992798" href="https://unibit.academia.edu/GeorgiGeorgiev">Georgi Georgiev</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25992798" type="text/json">{"id":25992798,"first_name":"Georgi","last_name":"Georgiev","domain_name":"unibit","page_name":"GeorgiGeorgiev","display_name":"Georgi Georgiev","profile_url":"https://unibit.academia.edu/GeorgiGeorgiev?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25992798/7129331/94077531/s65_georgi.georgiev.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44824593 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44824593"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44824593, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44824593", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_44824593 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44824593; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_44824593"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_44824593 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44824593"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44824593; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44824593]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44824593").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44824593").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44824593"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35213" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_History">Achaemenid History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35213" type="text/json">{"id":35213,"name":"Achaemenid History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_History?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="283545" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="283545" type="text/json">{"id":283545,"name":"Achaemenid Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Empire?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="344435" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vojska_Ahemenidske_Persije">Vojska Ahemenidske Persije</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="344435" type="text/json">{"id":344435,"name":"Vojska Ahemenidske Persije","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vojska_Ahemenidske_Persije?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44824593]'), work: {"id":44824593,"title":"Реферат СТАРА ИСТОРИЯ","created_at":"2021-01-03T04:13:18.727-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44824593/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%A0%D0%90_%D0%98%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%98%D0%AF?f_ri=283545","dom_id":"work_44824593","summary":"Управление на Камбиз Втори.\nАхеменидска династия на Персия.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65326406,"asset_id":44824593,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25992798,"first_name":"Georgi","last_name":"Georgiev","domain_name":"unibit","page_name":"GeorgiGeorgiev","display_name":"Georgi Georgiev","profile_url":"https://unibit.academia.edu/GeorgiGeorgiev?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25992798/7129331/94077531/s65_georgi.georgiev.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":35213,"name":"Achaemenid History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_History?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":283545,"name":"Achaemenid Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Empire?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":344435,"name":"Vojska Ahemenidske Persije","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vojska_Ahemenidske_Persije?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11203491" data-work_id="11203491" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11203491/Persepolitan_Visual_Imagery_and_design_Symmetrical_and_mirror_reflection_principles_of_Persepolis_reliefs">Persepolitan Visual Imagery and design; Symmetrical and mirror reflection principles of Persepolis reliefs</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The main question of this research is that why figures at Persepolis are depicted once from left profile and another time from right profile ? This research also intends to deal with three sub-questions as follow: 1- Have Symmetrical... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11203491" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The main question of this research is that why figures at Persepolis are depicted once from left profile and another time from right profile ?  This research also intends to deal with three sub-questions as follow: <br />1- Have Symmetrical and mirror reflection principles been deployed accidentally or intentionally as a conscious effort in design to impose meaningful implications for Persepolitan reliefs? <br />2- Do these Persepolitan two-dimensional figures (sculpture in relief) give us information as much as three-dimensional figures (sculpture in the round)? <br />3- Has this type of depicting figures (once from the left and again from the right) meant to convey some actual information of Achaemenid court protocols and etiquettes? <br />My presumption is that this kind of depiction may have something to do with the illustration of some royal court conventions that are embedded by the Achaemenid kings and their consultants precisely into the visual imagery program of Persepolis reliefs. It is very probable that if an image has not been reflected and mirrored on both sides (left and right), much information may have been lost.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11203491" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ec7f4941f38f2c1629a2e6c4f3ea4c6e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37107936,"asset_id":11203491,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37107936/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NjA3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1218958" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KeewanGharacheh">Keivan Qarche</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1218958" type="text/json">{"id":1218958,"first_name":"Keivan","last_name":"Qarche","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KeewanGharacheh","display_name":"Keivan Qarche","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KeewanGharacheh?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1218958/440232/8561817/s65_keivan.qarche.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11203491 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11203491"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11203491, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11203491", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11203491]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11203491").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11203491").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11203491"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14735" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Persia">Achaemenid Persia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14735" type="text/json">{"id":14735,"name":"Achaemenid Persia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Persia?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35213" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_History">Achaemenid History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35213" type="text/json">{"id":35213,"name":"Achaemenid History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_History?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="52997" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_archaeology">Achaemenid archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="52997" type="text/json">{"id":52997,"name":"Achaemenid archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_archaeology?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="70819" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenids">Achaemenids</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="70819" type="text/json">{"id":70819,"name":"Achaemenids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenids?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11203491]'), work: {"id":11203491,"title":"Persepolitan Visual Imagery and design; Symmetrical and mirror reflection principles of Persepolis reliefs","created_at":"2015-03-02T07:43:19.999-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11203491/Persepolitan_Visual_Imagery_and_design_Symmetrical_and_mirror_reflection_principles_of_Persepolis_reliefs?f_ri=283545","dom_id":"work_11203491","summary":"The main question of this research is that why figures at Persepolis are depicted once from left profile and another time from right profile ? This research also intends to deal with three sub-questions as follow:\r\n1-\tHave Symmetrical and mirror reflection principles been deployed accidentally or intentionally as a conscious effort in design to impose meaningful implications for Persepolitan reliefs?\r\n2-\tDo these Persepolitan two-dimensional figures (sculpture in relief) give us information as much as three-dimensional figures (sculpture in the round)? \r\n3-\tHas this type of depicting figures (once from the left and again from the right) meant to convey some actual information of Achaemenid court protocols and etiquettes? \r\nMy presumption is that this kind of depiction may have something to do with the illustration of some royal court conventions that are embedded by the Achaemenid kings and their consultants precisely into the visual imagery program of Persepolis reliefs. It is very probable that if an image has not been reflected and mirrored on both sides (left and right), much information may have been lost. \r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37107936,"asset_id":11203491,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1218958,"first_name":"Keivan","last_name":"Qarche","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KeewanGharacheh","display_name":"Keivan Qarche","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KeewanGharacheh?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1218958/440232/8561817/s65_keivan.qarche.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14735,"name":"Achaemenid Persia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Persia?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":35213,"name":"Achaemenid History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_History?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":52997,"name":"Achaemenid archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_archaeology?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":70819,"name":"Achaemenids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenids?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":72760,"name":"Achaemenid Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Art?f_ri=283545"},{"id":104866,"name":"Achaemenid Art and Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Art_and_Archaeology?f_ri=283545"},{"id":283545,"name":"Achaemenid Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Empire?f_ri=283545"},{"id":998945,"name":"Achaemenid Persian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Persian_History?f_ri=283545"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_63290084" data-work_id="63290084" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63290084/The_Apadana_coin_hoards_Darius_I_and_the_West">The Apadana coin hoards, Darius I, and the West</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper supports a perception of the Apadana coins (IGCH 1789) as symbols of Darius I’s control of important western sources of wealth and leading centers of western commercial/economic activity. It submits, among other things, that an... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_63290084" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper supports a perception of the Apadana coins (IGCH 1789) as symbols of Darius I’s control of important western sources of wealth and leading centers of western commercial/economic activity. It submits, among other things, that an interpretation of the coins as issues of states already under Persian sway by the time of the foundation of the Apadana need not imply a date as late as the 490s for the foundation of that building. References to important western holdings in this context most likely reflect the prestige that Darius, his Persian predecessors, and earlier Mesopotamian rulers attached to the conquest of far-off western lands.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/63290084" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="751331c31d818affdcd29566140f097f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75767349,"asset_id":63290084,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75767349/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NjA3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1363181" href="https://eie.academia.edu/AntigoniZournatzi">Antigoni Zournatzi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1363181" type="text/json">{"id":1363181,"first_name":"Antigoni","last_name":"Zournatzi","domain_name":"eie","page_name":"AntigoniZournatzi","display_name":"Antigoni Zournatzi","profile_url":"https://eie.academia.edu/AntigoniZournatzi?f_ri=283545","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_63290084 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="63290084"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 63290084, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_63290084", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_63290084 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 63290084; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_63290084"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_63290084 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="63290084"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 63290084; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=63290084]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_63290084").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_63290084").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="63290084"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5780" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideology">Ideology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5780" type="text/json">{"id":5780,"name":"Ideology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideology?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="35213" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_History">Achaemenid History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="35213" type="text/json">{"id":35213,"name":"Achaemenid History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_History?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51777" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coin_Hoards">Coin Hoards</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="51777" type="text/json">{"id":51777,"name":"Coin Hoards","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coin_Hoards?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="85212" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persepolis">Persepolis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="85212" type="text/json">{"id":85212,"name":"Persepolis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persepolis?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=63290084]'), work: {"id":63290084,"title":"The Apadana coin hoards, Darius I, and the West","created_at":"2021-12-05T17:32:22.359-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/63290084/The_Apadana_coin_hoards_Darius_I_and_the_West?f_ri=283545","dom_id":"work_63290084","summary":"This paper supports a perception of the Apadana coins (IGCH 1789) as symbols of Darius I’s control of important western sources of wealth and leading centers of western commercial/economic activity. It submits, among other things, that an interpretation of the coins as issues of states already under Persian sway by the time of the foundation of the Apadana need not imply a date as late as the 490s for the foundation of that building. References to important western holdings in this context most likely reflect the prestige that Darius, his Persian predecessors, and earlier Mesopotamian rulers attached to the conquest of far-off western lands.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75767349,"asset_id":63290084,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1363181,"first_name":"Antigoni","last_name":"Zournatzi","domain_name":"eie","page_name":"AntigoniZournatzi","display_name":"Antigoni Zournatzi","profile_url":"https://eie.academia.edu/AntigoniZournatzi?f_ri=283545","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5780,"name":"Ideology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideology?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":35213,"name":"Achaemenid History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_History?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":51777,"name":"Coin Hoards","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coin_Hoards?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":85212,"name":"Persepolis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persepolis?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":201200,"name":"Darius I","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Darius_I?f_ri=283545"},{"id":283545,"name":"Achaemenid Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Empire?f_ri=283545"},{"id":410923,"name":"Greek-Persian relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek-Persian_relations?f_ri=283545"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12103205" data-work_id="12103205" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12103205/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8E%D0%BC_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_Costume_of_the_Ancient_Eurasia_the_Iranian_Speaking_Peoples_Kostyum_drevney_Evrazii_iranoyazychnye_narody_PART_1_TEXT_%D0%A7%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%AC_1_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82_Moscow_Vostochnaya_literatura_2006_661_pp_222_figs_ISBN_5_02_018495_0">Костюм древней Евразии (ираноязычные народы). Москва / Costume of the Ancient Eurasia (the Iranian-Speaking Peoples) (Kostyum drevney Evrazii [iranoyazychnye narody]) PART 1(TEXT) / ЧАСТЬ 1. (только текст). Moscow: Vostochnaya literatura, 2006, 661 pp, 222 figs. ISBN 5-02-018495-0.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">(222 plates of illustrations will be in special file. The pages' numeration is special for each big chapter. For real book numeration move the cursor to the right border of each pages / 222 таблицы иллюстраций будут в специальном файле.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12103205" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">(222 plates of illustrations will be in special file. The pages' numeration is special for each big chapter. For real book numeration move the cursor to the right border of each pages / 222 таблицы иллюстраций будут в специальном файле. Нумерация по техническим причинам – отдельная для каждого большого раздела. Подлинную нумерацию стрнице в книге можно выяснить, подведя курсор к правой границе каждой страницы). <br />ABSTRACT: <br />In this book, you will find a complex research of the clothes of Iranian-speaking peoples beginning from their appearance in the world politics and in the written sources of the 7th–6th cc. BC and up to the Islamization of Iran and Transoxiana in the 7th–8th cc. AD. The accessories of the costume (except belts), the military costume, the rulers’ crowns and the costume materials themselves are not the subject matter of the text; but the hairstyle and sometimes tattoos are being under consideration. The first three chapters are devoted to analysis of the main periods of pre-Islamic history of the Iranian world (the time bounds being different for different regions): [1] the Achaemenid-Scythian time (the 7th–6th cc. BC — 4th–3rd cc. BC, for Transoxiana—up to the mid. of the 2nd cc. BC); [2] the Parthian-Sarmatian time (the 4th/3rd cc. BC — the 3rd/4th cc. AD); [3] the Sassanid and Early Medieval time (the 3/4th — the 7/8th cc. AD). The sections of these chapters deal with materials on the 13 peoples: (1) the Persians of the Achaemenian time; (2) the Early Scythians; (3) the Scythians of the “classic” period (the 5th–4th cc. BC); (4) the “Pazyrykians” of the Altai; (5) the Chorasmians (for all the 3 periods); (6) the Parnes—Parthians of Iran; (7) the Sarmatians and Early Alans; (8) the Yuech-chihs / Kushans of Bactria; (9) the Sogdians (the 2nd and 3rd periods); (10) the Indo-Scythians of Gandhara; 11) the Persians of the Sassanid time; (12) the Khotano-Sakas of Southern Xinjiang (the 2nd and 3rd periods); (13) the Tokharistanians (with other ethnic elements). As far as each of the above-mentioned peoples is concerned the above-stated ideas are analyzed and new materials (including unpublished ones) are taken into account, the details of many depictions are defined and the data on peoples are generalized for the first time. First of all, we have studied the costume of these 13 peoples, which gives the most abundant and many-sided information on the costume as clothes in real life are a mass phenomenon and can be studied productively and correctly only in big series (in case of single depictions rare costume elements and the looks of gods of foreign origin are mistakenly taken for typical ones). <br />The main tasks of the book are: 1. The reconstruction of the look of the ethnic clothing complex for each of the above-mentioned peoples: the silhouette, the cut (the information about the latter is limited) and the decorative prin-ciples, the last task being the most labour-intensive. The results allow of a reliable attribution of many artifacts from museums and private collections. 2. Eliciting the aesthetical ideal of different ethnic groups reflected in the costume; the analysis of the depictions of supposed representatives of a certain people in the art of other countries for defining the degree of the authenticity in the costume depiction and its representativeness for this ethnic group. 3. The comparative analysis of the costume of each separately taken synchronous people in each of the three main historical epochs; the analysis of the costume of each ethnic group in different periods for defining the character of the costume evolution and heredity. 4. The retrospective eliciting of the look of the original costume of the most ancient Iranians and the “costume” traces of the Iranian penetration to the west of Iran. 5. Eliciting the type of the costume contacts of ancient Iranian-speaking peoples and the difference in their importance. 6. The analysis of the summarized data on the least studied significant functions of the costume aiming at eliciting the specificity of the Iranian world and some of its peoples. <br />We suggest a complex approach including following elements: (1) dealing with all kinds of sources alongside ob-serving the most possible scope of facts on each studied people (in case of a technical impossibility, the representative statistic excerpts are studied); (2) the proper selection of the costume décor remnants from burials under analysis (only the accounts and publications of high quality are used) excluding significantly fragmented and stylized depictions and, for some regions, images of gods; (3) the analysis of the material according to the linguistic and ethnic principles—not a regional one (which is not typical for modern research on the costume history); (4) considering all the main costume attributes of the ethnic group as a single costume complex that reflects the specificity of the people; 5) the description of the costume of each ethnic group according to the common program in chapters 1–3; (6) considering ethnic complexes against the background of the synchronous neighbouring ones and both earlier and later ones up to their successors in the 19th–20th cc. AD (otherwise the rightfulness of most conclusions is difficult to guarantee); (7) the analysis of costume evolution of separate ethnic groups under the influence of different factors; (8) compiling a special summary tables on the costume of each people (each drawing in them not being an exact copy of a definite depiction, but given in the most appropriate foreshortening without unnecessary details interfering with perception). <br />MORE INFORMATION: 2nd Internet ed., Moscow: X-lab, 2011: <a href="http://www.narodko.ru/article/yatsenko/eurazia/" rel="nofollow">http://www.narodko.ru/article/yatsenko/eurazia/</a> . <br /> <br />CONTENTS: <br />PREFACE 5 <br />CHAPTER 1. The Achaemenian-Scythian time (7th/6th cc. — 4th/3rd cc. BC) 29 <br />1.1. The Persians 29 <br />1.2. The European Scythians 47 <br />1.3. The Pazyryk culture of the Altai Mountains 83 <br />1.4. The Khorasmians 102 <br />The main conclusions 106 <br />CHAPTER 2. The Parthian-Sarmatian time (3rd cc. BC — 3rd/4th cc. AD) 112 <br />2.1. Parthian Iran 113 <br />2.2. The Sarmatians, the Early Alans and the “Late Scythians” 131 <br />2.3. The Yuech-chihs/Kushans 170 <br />2.4. The Khorasmians 187 <br />2.5. The Indo-Scythians 192 <br />2.6. The Sogdians 197 <br />2.7. The Khotano-Sakas 201 <br />The main conclusions 207 <br />CHAPTER 3. The Sasanian and Early Medieval (Pre-Islamic) time (3rd/4th–7th/8th cc. AD) 212 <br />3.1. Sasanian Iran 213 <br />3.2. The Sogdians 231 <br />3.3. Tokharistan and the neighboring regions to the South 247 <br />3.4. The Khorasmians 262 <br />3.4. The Khotano-Sakas 266 <br />The main conclusions 274 <br />CHAPTER 4. The mechanisms of the costume contacts and <br />the ways of evolution of the costume of ancient Iranians. <br />The symbolism of costume 279 <br />4.1. The mechanisms of the costume contacts 280 <br />4.2. The ways of evolution of the costume of various peoples 314 <br />4.3. The sign functions of the costume 322 <br />The main conclusions 362 <br />CONCLUSION 364 <br />APPENDIX. The suggestions on the methods of fixation and description of the costume relics <br />in burial complexes 367 <br />Glossary 370 <br />BIBLIOGRAPHY 371 <br />Abbreviations 416 <br />List of Iluustrations (in English)          418 <br />List of illustrations (in Russian) 423 <br />Illustrations 435-657 <br />Summary                    658 <br />Contents                      663</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12103205" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="36bb3e7ca8aca8f73fb5caa9fbcc969d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37419551,"asset_id":12103205,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37419551/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NjA3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="269436" href="https://rggu.academia.edu/SergeyYatsenko">Sergey Yatsenko</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="269436" type="text/json">{"id":269436,"first_name":"Sergey","last_name":"Yatsenko","domain_name":"rggu","page_name":"SergeyYatsenko","display_name":"Sergey Yatsenko","profile_url":"https://rggu.academia.edu/SergeyYatsenko?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/269436/2842040/34172715/s65_sergey.yatsenko.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12103205 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12103205"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12103205, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12103205", }); 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Москва / Costume of the Ancient Eurasia (the Iranian-Speaking Peoples) (Kostyum drevney Evrazii [iranoyazychnye narody]) PART 1(TEXT) / ЧАСТЬ 1. (только текст). Moscow: Vostochnaya literatura, 2006, 661 pp, 222 figs. ISBN 5-02-018495-0.","created_at":"2015-04-25T09:06:27.135-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12103205/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8E%D0%BC_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_Costume_of_the_Ancient_Eurasia_the_Iranian_Speaking_Peoples_Kostyum_drevney_Evrazii_iranoyazychnye_narody_PART_1_TEXT_%D0%A7%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%AC_1_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82_Moscow_Vostochnaya_literatura_2006_661_pp_222_figs_ISBN_5_02_018495_0?f_ri=283545","dom_id":"work_12103205","summary":"(222 plates of illustrations will be in special file. The pages' numeration is special for each big chapter. For real book numeration move the cursor to the right border of each pages / 222 таблицы иллюстраций будут в специальном файле. Нумерация по техническим причинам – отдельная для каждого большого раздела. Подлинную нумерацию стрнице в книге можно выяснить, подведя курсор к правой границе каждой страницы). \r\nABSTRACT:\r\nIn this book, you will find a complex research of the clothes of Iranian-speaking peoples beginning from their appearance in the world politics and in the written sources of the 7th–6th cc. BC and up to the Islamization of Iran and Transoxiana in the 7th–8th cc. AD. The accessories of the costume (except belts), the military costume, the rulers’ crowns and the costume materials themselves are not the subject matter of the text; but the hairstyle and sometimes tattoos are being under consideration. The first three chapters are devoted to analysis of the main periods of pre-Islamic history of the Iranian world (the time bounds being different for different regions): [1] the Achaemenid-Scythian time (the 7th–6th cc. BC — 4th–3rd cc. BC, for Transoxiana—up to the mid. of the 2nd cc. BC); [2] the Parthian-Sarmatian time (the 4th/3rd cc. BC — the 3rd/4th cc. AD); [3] the Sassanid and Early Medieval time (the 3/4th — the 7/8th cc. AD). The sections of these chapters deal with materials on the 13 peoples: (1) the Persians of the Achaemenian time; (2) the Early Scythians; (3) the Scythians of the “classic” period (the 5th–4th cc. BC); (4) the “Pazyrykians” of the Altai; (5) the Chorasmians (for all the 3 periods); (6) the Parnes—Parthians of Iran; (7) the Sarmatians and Early Alans; (8) the Yuech-chihs / Kushans of Bactria; (9) the Sogdians (the 2nd and 3rd periods); (10) the Indo-Scythians of Gandhara; 11) the Persians of the Sassanid time; (12) the Khotano-Sakas of Southern Xinjiang (the 2nd and 3rd periods); (13) the Tokharistanians (with other ethnic elements). As far as each of the above-mentioned peoples is concerned the above-stated ideas are analyzed and new materials (including unpublished ones) are taken into account, the details of many depictions are defined and the data on peoples are generalized for the first time. First of all, we have studied the costume of these 13 peoples, which gives the most abundant and many-sided information on the costume as clothes in real life are a mass phenomenon and can be studied productively and correctly only in big series (in case of single depictions rare costume elements and the looks of gods of foreign origin are mistakenly taken for typical ones).\r\nThe main tasks of the book are: 1. The reconstruction of the look of the ethnic clothing complex for each of the above-mentioned peoples: the silhouette, the cut (the information about the latter is limited) and the decorative prin-ciples, the last task being the most labour-intensive. The results allow of a reliable attribution of many artifacts from museums and private collections. 2. Eliciting the aesthetical ideal of different ethnic groups reflected in the costume; the analysis of the depictions of supposed representatives of a certain people in the art of other countries for defining the degree of the authenticity in the costume depiction and its representativeness for this ethnic group. 3. The comparative analysis of the costume of each separately taken synchronous people in each of the three main historical epochs; the analysis of the costume of each ethnic group in different periods for defining the character of the costume evolution and heredity. 4. The retrospective eliciting of the look of the original costume of the most ancient Iranians and the “costume” traces of the Iranian penetration to the west of Iran. 5. Eliciting the type of the costume contacts of ancient Iranian-speaking peoples and the difference in their importance. 6. The analysis of the summarized data on the least studied significant functions of the costume aiming at eliciting the specificity of the Iranian world and some of its peoples.\r\nWe suggest a complex approach including following elements: (1) dealing with all kinds of sources alongside ob-serving the most possible scope of facts on each studied people (in case of a technical impossibility, the representative statistic excerpts are studied); (2) the proper selection of the costume décor remnants from burials under analysis (only the accounts and publications of high quality are used) excluding significantly fragmented and stylized depictions and, for some regions, images of gods; (3) the analysis of the material according to the linguistic and ethnic principles—not a regional one (which is not typical for modern research on the costume history); (4) considering all the main costume attributes of the ethnic group as a single costume complex that reflects the specificity of the people; 5) the description of the costume of each ethnic group according to the common program in chapters 1–3; (6) considering ethnic complexes against the background of the synchronous neighbouring ones and both earlier and later ones up to their successors in the 19th–20th cc. AD (otherwise the rightfulness of most conclusions is difficult to guarantee); (7) the analysis of costume evolution of separate ethnic groups under the influence of different factors; (8) compiling a special summary tables on the costume of each people (each drawing in them not being an exact copy of a definite depiction, but given in the most appropriate foreshortening without unnecessary details interfering with perception).\r\nMORE INFORMATION: 2nd Internet ed., Moscow: X-lab, 2011: http://www.narodko.ru/article/yatsenko/eurazia/ .\r\n\r\nCONTENTS:\r\nPREFACE \t\t5\r\nCHAPTER 1. The Achaemenian-Scythian time (7th/6th cc. — 4th/3rd cc. BC) \t\t29\r\n1.1. The Persians \t29\r\n1.2. The European Scythians \t47\r\n1.3. The Pazyryk culture of the Altai Mountains \t\t83\r\n1.4. The Khorasmians \t\t102\r\nThe main conclusions \t\t106\r\nCHAPTER 2. The Parthian-Sarmatian time (3rd cc. BC — 3rd/4th cc. AD) \t\t112\r\n2.1. Parthian Iran \t\t113\r\n2.2. The Sarmatians, the Early Alans and the “Late Scythians” \t\t131\r\n2.3. The Yuech-chihs/Kushans \t\t170\r\n2.4. The Khorasmians \t\t187\r\n2.5. The Indo-Scythians \t\t192\r\n2.6. The Sogdians \t\t197\r\n2.7. The Khotano-Sakas \t\t201\r\nThe main conclusions \t\t207\r\nCHAPTER 3. The Sasanian and Early Medieval (Pre-Islamic) time (3rd/4th–7th/8th cc. AD) \t\t212\r\n3.1. Sasanian Iran \t\t213\r\n3.2. The Sogdians \t\t231\r\n3.3. Tokharistan and the neighboring regions to the South \t\t247\r\n3.4. The Khorasmians \t\t262\r\n3.4. The Khotano-Sakas \t\t266\r\nThe main conclusions \t\t274\r\nCHAPTER 4. The mechanisms of the costume contacts and\r\nthe ways of evolution of the costume of ancient Iranians.\r\nThe symbolism of costume \t\t279\r\n4.1. The mechanisms of the costume contacts \t\t280\r\n4.2. The ways of evolution of the costume of various peoples \t\t314\r\n4.3. The sign functions of the costume \t\t322\r\nThe main conclusions \t\t362\r\nCONCLUSION \t\t364\r\nAPPENDIX. The suggestions on the methods of fixation and description of the costume relics\r\nin burial complexes \t\t367\r\nGlossary \t\t370\r\nBIBLIOGRAPHY \t\t371\r\nAbbreviations \t\t416\r\nList of Iluustrations (in English) 418\r\nList of illustrations (in Russian) \t\t423\r\nIllustrations \t\t435-657\r\nSummary 658\r\nContents 663","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37419551,"asset_id":12103205,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":269436,"first_name":"Sergey","last_name":"Yatsenko","domain_name":"rggu","page_name":"SergeyYatsenko","display_name":"Sergey Yatsenko","profile_url":"https://rggu.academia.edu/SergeyYatsenko?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/269436/2842040/34172715/s65_sergey.yatsenko.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3792,"name":"Iranian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Archaeology?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":5218,"name":"Iranian 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and Costume","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fashion_and_Costume?f_ri=283545"},{"id":123009,"name":"Burial Customs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Burial_Customs?f_ri=283545"},{"id":187613,"name":"Scythian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scythian_History?f_ri=283545"},{"id":248693,"name":"Alans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alans?f_ri=283545"},{"id":260158,"name":"Scythian and other Eurasian Nomadic Horse Warrior Cultures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scythian_and_other_Eurasian_Nomadic_Horse_Warrior_Cultures?f_ri=283545"},{"id":283545,"name":"Achaemenid Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Empire?f_ri=283545"},{"id":363365,"name":"Indo-Scythians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo-Scythians?f_ri=283545"},{"id":364808,"name":"Archaeology of Central Asia in Parthian, Kushan and Sasanian 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Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Asian_History_and_Anthropology?f_ri=283545"},{"id":993308,"name":"Archaeology of Xinjiang","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology_of_Xinjiang?f_ri=283545"},{"id":1003766,"name":"Costume Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Costume_Reconstruction?f_ri=283545"},{"id":1601600,"name":"Pazyryk archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pazyryk_archaeology?f_ri=283545"},{"id":1893248,"name":"Khotan Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Khotan_Studies?f_ri=283545"},{"id":2897176,"name":"Saramatians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Saramatians?f_ri=283545"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7059813" data-work_id="7059813" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7059813/Gender_and_Sex_in_Achaemenid_Persia_">Gender and Sex (in Achaemenid Persia)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Following the theoretical thoughts of Joan W. Scott the ancient literary sources are studied with regard to ideas about gender and sexual differences in Achaemenid society. Therefore the Classical sources are confronted with indigenous... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7059813" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Following the theoretical thoughts of Joan W. Scott the ancient literary sources are studied with regard to ideas about gender and sexual differences in Achaemenid society. Therefore the Classical sources are confronted with indigenous Achaemenid evidence to set off the ‘occidental’ literary discourse and its impression of ‘oriental’ women and men. The question on lived gender relations is discussed by examining conceptions of manliness and femininity. Based on the extant tradition the focus is put on the Achaemenid elite and the king, who can be spotted as embodiment of hegemonic manliness.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7059813" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0d8dd60fccc8aeaa6ebeaf9de4294d72" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33711931,"asset_id":7059813,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33711931/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NjA3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1230669" href="https://uibk.academia.edu/IreneMadreiter">Irene Madreiter</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1230669" type="text/json">{"id":1230669,"first_name":"Irene","last_name":"Madreiter","domain_name":"uibk","page_name":"IreneMadreiter","display_name":"Irene Madreiter","profile_url":"https://uibk.academia.edu/IreneMadreiter?f_ri=283545","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7059813 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7059813"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7059813, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7059813", }); 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Scott the ancient literary sources are studied with regard to ideas about gender and sexual differences in Achaemenid society. Therefore the Classical sources are confronted with indigenous Achaemenid evidence to set off the ‘occidental’ literary discourse and its impression of ‘oriental’ women and men. The question on lived gender relations is discussed by examining conceptions of manliness and femininity. 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The partetah also constituted a unique source of pleasure and delight, the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2481124" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The nomadic and numerous royal court during its displacements between the royal residences, is arrested in a series of places named by sources as partetash. The partetah also constituted a unique source of pleasure and delight, the components of the gardens were associated with the sensory pleasure. The partetah also could evoke some significant religiors connections as can be seen from the stories of the sources greco-roman and by the information that the file of the fortification has been handed down to us.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2481124" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7786cfdf6337fa080c0d658974766a8d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30883440,"asset_id":2481124,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30883440/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NjA3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1079508" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Joaqu%C3%ADnVel%C3%A1zquez">Joaquín Velázquez Muñoz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1079508" type="text/json">{"id":1079508,"first_name":"Joaquín","last_name":"Velázquez Muñoz","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JoaquínVelázquez","display_name":"Joaquín Velázquez Muñoz","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Joaqu%C3%ADnVel%C3%A1zquez?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1079508/373919/453079/s65_joaqu_n.vel_zquez.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2481124 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2481124"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2481124, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2481124", }); 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The partetah also constituted a unique source of pleasure and delight, the components of the gardens were associated with the sensory pleasure. The partetah also could evoke some significant religiors connections as can be seen from the stories of the sources greco-roman and by the information that the file of the fortification has been handed down to us.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30883440,"asset_id":2481124,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1079508,"first_name":"Joaquín","last_name":"Velázquez Muñoz","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JoaquínVelázquez","display_name":"Joaquín Velázquez Muñoz","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/Joaqu%C3%ADnVel%C3%A1zquez?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1079508/373919/453079/s65_joaqu_n.vel_zquez.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14735,"name":"Achaemenid Persia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Persia?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":35213,"name":"Achaemenid 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numismatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sasanian_numismatics?f_ri=283545"},{"id":283545,"name":"Achaemenid Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Empire?f_ri=283545"},{"id":420695,"name":"Sasanian Rock Reliefs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sasanian_Rock_Reliefs?f_ri=283545"},{"id":428675,"name":"Old Persian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Persian_Literature?f_ri=283545"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_52856709" data-work_id="52856709" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/52856709/On_the_later_phase_of_Elamite_Iranian_language_contact">On the later phase of Elamite-Iranian language contact</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">It is generally believed that Persian tribes migrated to the Iranian plateau in the late second millennium BCE, at a time when the region had long been under the sway of an Elamite population. Because of the location of Persian... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_52856709" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">It is generally believed that Persian tribes migrated to the Iranian<br />plateau in the late second millennium BCE, at a time when the region had long been under the sway of an Elamite population. Because of the location of Persian settlements in the Iranian plateau, contact between Iranians and the local Elamite people was inevitable. Persian and Elamite populations were in contact for up to 500 years before the emergence of the Achaemenid Persian Empire in the former eastern Elamite territories. The Elamite language was adopted and strongly reshaped by speakers of Old Iranian, who probably acquired Elamite as a second language for the purpose of writing and perhaps for communication with native Elamites. The latest documented phase of the Elamite language is known as (royal) Achaemenid Elamite. The nature of the impact of Old Iranian on it goes beyond the adoption of loanwords, and includes morphological restructuring. The main body of evidence for this evolution comes from a considerable collection of clay tablets written in Elamite that constitutes the Persepolis Fortification Archive dated the reign of Darius I. Based on these considerations, the present paper will discuss examples of language contact between Persians and Elamites. This paper analyzes the Old Persian and Elamite versions of multilingual royal inscriptions in the Achaemenid royal necropolis, Naqsh-e Rostam in order to further elucidate the nature of language contact between Old Iranian and Elamite.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/52856709" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3981dc60b4a8b24c86a4d81520c4be5a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69918346,"asset_id":52856709,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69918346/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NjA3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10998148" href="https://uzh.academia.edu/MiladAbedi">Milad Abedi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10998148" type="text/json">{"id":10998148,"first_name":"Milad","last_name":"Abedi","domain_name":"uzh","page_name":"MiladAbedi","display_name":"Milad Abedi","profile_url":"https://uzh.academia.edu/MiladAbedi?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10998148/3267437/52735778/s65_milad.abedi.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_52856709 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="52856709"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 52856709, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_52856709", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=52856709]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_52856709").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_52856709").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="52856709"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1205" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contact_Linguistics">Contact Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1205" type="text/json">{"id":1205,"name":"Contact Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contact_Linguistics?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="29283" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Persian">Old Persian</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="29283" type="text/json">{"id":29283,"name":"Old Persian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Persian?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="29284" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elamite">Elamite</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="29284" type="text/json">{"id":29284,"name":"Elamite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elamite?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="34485" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Languages">Iranian Languages</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="34485" type="text/json">{"id":34485,"name":"Iranian Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Languages?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=52856709]'), work: {"id":52856709,"title":"On the later phase of Elamite-Iranian language contact","created_at":"2021-09-19T09:00:26.858-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/52856709/On_the_later_phase_of_Elamite_Iranian_language_contact?f_ri=283545","dom_id":"work_52856709","summary":"It is generally believed that Persian tribes migrated to the Iranian\nplateau in the late second millennium BCE, at a time when the region had long been under the sway of an Elamite population. Because of the location of Persian settlements in the Iranian plateau, contact between Iranians and the local Elamite people was inevitable. Persian and Elamite populations were in contact for up to 500 years before the emergence of the Achaemenid Persian Empire in the former eastern Elamite territories. The Elamite language was adopted and strongly reshaped by speakers of Old Iranian, who probably acquired Elamite as a second language for the purpose of writing and perhaps for communication with native Elamites. The latest documented phase of the Elamite language is known as (royal) Achaemenid Elamite. The nature of the impact of Old Iranian on it goes beyond the adoption of loanwords, and includes morphological restructuring. The main body of evidence for this evolution comes from a considerable collection of clay tablets written in Elamite that constitutes the Persepolis Fortification Archive dated the reign of Darius I. Based on these considerations, the present paper will discuss examples of language contact between Persians and Elamites. This paper analyzes the Old Persian and Elamite versions of multilingual royal inscriptions in the Achaemenid royal necropolis, Naqsh-e Rostam in order to further elucidate the nature of language contact between Old Iranian and Elamite.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":69918346,"asset_id":52856709,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10998148,"first_name":"Milad","last_name":"Abedi","domain_name":"uzh","page_name":"MiladAbedi","display_name":"Milad Abedi","profile_url":"https://uzh.academia.edu/MiladAbedi?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10998148/3267437/52735778/s65_milad.abedi.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1205,"name":"Contact Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contact_Linguistics?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":29283,"name":"Old Persian","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Persian?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":29284,"name":"Elamite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elamite?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":34485,"name":"Iranian Languages","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Languages?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":283545,"name":"Achaemenid Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Empire?f_ri=283545"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32180695" data-work_id="32180695" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32180695/Ten_years_of_Achaemenid_philology_Old_Persian_and_Achaemenid_Elamite_2006_2016_In_E_Morano_E_Provasi_and_A_V_Rossi_eds_Studia_philologica_Iranica_Gherardo_Gnoli_memorial_volume_New_SOR_5_Roma_Scienze_e_Lettere_2017_pp_359_394">Ten years of Achaemenid philology: Old Persian & Achaemenid Elamite 2006-2016. In E. Morano, E. Provasi and A.V. Rossi (eds.), Studia philologica Iranica. Gherardo Gnoli memorial volume (New SOR 5). 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Civilizations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Near_Eastern_Languages_and_Civilizations?f_ri=283545"},{"id":1407517,"name":"Old Iranian Language and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Old_Iranian_Language_and_Culture?f_ri=283545"},{"id":1440688,"name":"Cuneiform Palaeography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cuneiform_Palaeography?f_ri=283545"},{"id":1495756,"name":"Iranian archaeology(Bronze age, Late iron age), Archaeology of elam,Median archaeology and history, Achaemenid art and architecture, Parthian archaeology and art, Sasanian empire.","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_archaeology_Bronze_age_Late_iron_age_Archaeology_of_elam_Median_archaeology_and_history_?f_ri=283545"},{"id":1736833,"name":"Proto-Indo-European - Elamite - Avestan - Old Persian - Pahlavi - Classical Greek - Classical Latin - Mythology of Iran \u0026 Mesopotamia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proto-Indo-European_-_Elamite_-_Avestan_-_Old_Persian_-_Pahlavi_-_Classical_Greek_-_Classical_Latin_?f_ri=283545"},{"id":1766795,"name":"Achaemenid Philology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Philology?f_ri=283545"},{"id":1927762,"name":"Ancient Median","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Median?f_ri=283545"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20558656" data-work_id="20558656" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20558656/The_Achaemenid_period_in_Northern_Iraq_in_P_Briant_and_R_Boucharlat_eds_Larcheologie_de_lempire_achemenide_nouvelles_recherches_Persika_6_2005_pp_175_195">The Achaemenid period in Northern Iraq, in P. Briant and R. Boucharlat (eds), L'archeologie de l'empire achemenide: nouvelles recherches. Persika 6 (2005), pp 175-195.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20558656" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="edb56352deee8dfd27ac1393e510afc8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41435888,"asset_id":20558656,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41435888/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NjA3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24345766" href="https://britishmuseum.academia.edu/JohnCurtis">John Curtis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24345766" type="text/json">{"id":24345766,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Curtis","domain_name":"britishmuseum","page_name":"JohnCurtis","display_name":"John Curtis","profile_url":"https://britishmuseum.academia.edu/JohnCurtis?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24345766/17432535/17518410/s65_john.curtis.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20558656 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20558656"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20558656, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20558656", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20558656]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20558656").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20558656").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20558656"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="52997" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_archaeology">Achaemenid archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="52997" type="text/json">{"id":52997,"name":"Achaemenid archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_archaeology?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="283545" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="283545" type="text/json">{"id":283545,"name":"Achaemenid Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Empire?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="838552" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iraqi_archaeology">Iraqi archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="838552" type="text/json">{"id":838552,"name":"Iraqi archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iraqi_archaeology?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20558656]'), work: {"id":20558656,"title":"The Achaemenid period in Northern Iraq, in P. Briant and R. Boucharlat (eds), L'archeologie de l'empire achemenide: nouvelles recherches. Persika 6 (2005), pp 175-195.","created_at":"2016-01-22T08:47:23.062-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20558656/The_Achaemenid_period_in_Northern_Iraq_in_P_Briant_and_R_Boucharlat_eds_Larcheologie_de_lempire_achemenide_nouvelles_recherches_Persika_6_2005_pp_175_195?f_ri=283545","dom_id":"work_20558656","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41435888,"asset_id":20558656,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24345766,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Curtis","domain_name":"britishmuseum","page_name":"JohnCurtis","display_name":"John Curtis","profile_url":"https://britishmuseum.academia.edu/JohnCurtis?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24345766/17432535/17518410/s65_john.curtis.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":52997,"name":"Achaemenid archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_archaeology?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":283545,"name":"Achaemenid Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Empire?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":838552,"name":"Iraqi archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iraqi_archaeology?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44745213" data-work_id="44745213" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44745213/Historical_Backgrounds_for_Ezra_Nehemiah">Historical Backgrounds for Ezra-Nehemiah</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The intent of this paper is to provide a model for understanding a particular biblical book – Ezra-Nehemiah – in its culture and historical context. To this end, the paper is divided into four main sections. First, a method of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44745213" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The intent of this paper is to provide a model for understanding a particular biblical book – Ezra-Nehemiah – in its culture and historical context. To this end, the paper is divided into four main sections. First, a method of understanding cultural similarities using the ideas of affinity and proximity will be presented. Second, the geography and material culture of the three regions of the book will be examined. Third, the literature of the period will be compared to Ezra-Nehemiah. Fourth, the iconography and cultural expression of both Yehud and Achaemenid Persia will be considered. After these explorations, the paper will conclude with a short section dealing with an approach to presenting this material in a Bible study setting with non-specialists.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44745213" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5d951ffa7b3918310a5aab2d9c2214bc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65231972,"asset_id":44745213,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65231972/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NjA3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4148377" href="https://liberty.academia.edu/ErikDiVietro">Erik DiVietro</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4148377" type="text/json">{"id":4148377,"first_name":"Erik","last_name":"DiVietro","domain_name":"liberty","page_name":"ErikDiVietro","display_name":"Erik DiVietro","profile_url":"https://liberty.academia.edu/ErikDiVietro?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4148377/45585642/89615223/s65_erik.divietro.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44745213 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44745213"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44745213, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44745213", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44745213]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44745213").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44745213").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44745213"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19017" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Persia">Ancient Persia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19017" type="text/json">{"id":19017,"name":"Ancient Persia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Persia?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="42197" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_Age">Iron Age</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="42197" type="text/json">{"id":42197,"name":"Iron Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_Age?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="58879" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ezra-Nehemiah">Ezra-Nehemiah</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="58879" type="text/json">{"id":58879,"name":"Ezra-Nehemiah","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ezra-Nehemiah?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="283545" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="283545" type="text/json">{"id":283545,"name":"Achaemenid Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Empire?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44745213]'), work: {"id":44745213,"title":"Historical Backgrounds for Ezra-Nehemiah","created_at":"2020-12-20T17:51:51.156-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44745213/Historical_Backgrounds_for_Ezra_Nehemiah?f_ri=283545","dom_id":"work_44745213","summary":"The intent of this paper is to provide a model for understanding a particular biblical book – Ezra-Nehemiah – in its culture and historical context. To this end, the paper is divided into four main sections. First, a method of understanding cultural similarities using the ideas of affinity and proximity will be presented. Second, the geography and material culture of the three regions of the book will be examined. Third, the literature of the period will be compared to Ezra-Nehemiah. Fourth, the iconography and cultural expression of both Yehud and Achaemenid Persia will be considered. After these explorations, the paper will conclude with a short section dealing with an approach to presenting this material in a Bible study setting with non-specialists.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65231972,"asset_id":44745213,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4148377,"first_name":"Erik","last_name":"DiVietro","domain_name":"liberty","page_name":"ErikDiVietro","display_name":"Erik DiVietro","profile_url":"https://liberty.academia.edu/ErikDiVietro?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4148377/45585642/89615223/s65_erik.divietro.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":19017,"name":"Ancient Persia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Persia?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":42197,"name":"Iron Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_Age?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":58879,"name":"Ezra-Nehemiah","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ezra-Nehemiah?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":283545,"name":"Achaemenid Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Empire?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_71812715" data-work_id="71812715" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71812715/An_Unpublished_Stone_Fragment_in_Achaemenid_Elamite_The_Elamite_Version_of_XPl">An Unpublished Stone Fragment in Achaemenid Elamite: The Elamite Version of XPl?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Description, edition, and identification of an inscribed grey limestone tablet in the reserves of the Persepolis Museum.The author argues that the fragment's text belongs to the Elamite version of XPl. In addition, some problems of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_71812715" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Description, edition, and identification of an inscribed grey limestone tablet in the reserves of the Persepolis Museum.The author argues that the fragment's text belongs to the Elamite version of XPl. In addition, some problems of the Elamite version of DNb are discussed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71812715" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3bfc2aa3b82ec324d9dab8e96e037874" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81005658,"asset_id":71812715,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81005658/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NjA3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="665746" href="https://fu-berlin.academia.edu/SoheilDelshad">Soheil Delshad</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="665746" type="text/json">{"id":665746,"first_name":"Soheil","last_name":"Delshad","domain_name":"fu-berlin","page_name":"SoheilDelshad","display_name":"Soheil Delshad","profile_url":"https://fu-berlin.academia.edu/SoheilDelshad?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/665746/232097/87728606/s65_soheil.delshad.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71812715 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71812715"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71812715, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71812715", }); 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In addition, some problems of the Elamite version of DNb are discussed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81005658,"asset_id":71812715,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":665746,"first_name":"Soheil","last_name":"Delshad","domain_name":"fu-berlin","page_name":"SoheilDelshad","display_name":"Soheil Delshad","profile_url":"https://fu-berlin.academia.edu/SoheilDelshad?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/665746/232097/87728606/s65_soheil.delshad.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":29284,"name":"Elamite","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Elamite?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":85212,"name":"Persepolis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persepolis?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":283545,"name":"Achaemenid Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Empire?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":283546,"name":"Xerxes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Xerxes?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":2953332,"name":"Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Royal_Inscriptions?f_ri=283545"},{"id":3709150,"name":"Naqsh-e Rostam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naqsh-e_Rostam?f_ri=283545"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23389239" data-work_id="23389239" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23389239/2019_Activating_the_Achaemenid_Landscape_The_Broken_Lion_Tomb_Y%C4%B1lan_Ta%C5%9F_and_the_Phrygian_Highlands_in_the_Achaemenid_Period_In_G_R_Tsetskhladze_ed_Phrygia_in_Antiquity_Colloquia_Antiqua_24_Leuven_Peeters_Press_189_218">2019: Activating the Achaemenid Landscape. The Broken Lion Tomb (Yılan Taş) and the Phrygian Highlands in the Achaemenid Period. In G.R. Tsetskhladze (ed) Phrygia in Antiquity, Colloquia Antiqua 24, Leuven: Peeters Press, 189-218.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">PLEASE NOTE THERE ARE AMENDMENTS IN PUBLISHED VERSION. Starting from a reassessment of a monumental tomb, the historical importance of which has been overlooked due to its collapsed state, this paper shows how such monuments,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23389239" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">PLEASE NOTE THERE ARE AMENDMENTS IN PUBLISHED VERSION.  <br /> <br />Starting from a reassessment of a monumental tomb, the historical importance of which has been overlooked due to its collapsed state, this paper shows how such monuments, including their artistic and architectural details, form essential data in modelling the history of places, and how attention to them can also expose gaps in research on landscape and economy that could make significant contributions to understanding the impact of the Achaemenid Persian Empire in ways not so far explored. <br /> <br />"In its day the collapsed, massive rock-cut tomb known as the Broken Lion Tomb, or Yılan Taş, located in the Köhnüş Valley north of Afyon, would have been one of the most impressive tomb monuments in Asia Minor.  Now lying in a pile of confused blocks that sheared off the edge of the cliff face into which it was carved, its original form is hard to imagine and its past glory and status not widely appreciated.  The style of its once rich relief sculptures suggests it was erected in the Achaemenid Persian Period, possibly in the first half or middle of the 5th century BC.  Contemporary occupation in the Phrygian Highlands is not well understood, but settlement remains seem modest, and although there may be some elements of continuity, overall the religious status of the area seems to change through the Persian period, the main locus of Matar worship shifting at some point to Pessinus further east.  This paper considers the appearance of the tomb and poses questions about its context, which can contribute to the history of the Phrygian Highlands and Achaemenid Empire more broadly."</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23389239" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6cad9887682162c6c3f9fbfae591c920" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55047548,"asset_id":23389239,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55047548/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NjA3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="111658" href="https://durham.academia.edu/CatherineDraycott">Catherine M Draycott</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="111658" type="text/json">{"id":111658,"first_name":"Catherine","last_name":"Draycott","domain_name":"durham","page_name":"CatherineDraycott","display_name":"Catherine M Draycott","profile_url":"https://durham.academia.edu/CatherineDraycott?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/111658/85487/16878962/s65_catherine.draycott.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23389239 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23389239"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23389239, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23389239", }); 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The Broken Lion Tomb (Yılan Taş) and the Phrygian Highlands in the Achaemenid Period. In G.R. Tsetskhladze (ed) Phrygia in Antiquity, Colloquia Antiqua 24, Leuven: Peeters Press, 189-218.","created_at":"2016-03-17T17:01:00.514-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23389239/2019_Activating_the_Achaemenid_Landscape_The_Broken_Lion_Tomb_Y%C4%B1lan_Ta%C5%9F_and_the_Phrygian_Highlands_in_the_Achaemenid_Period_In_G_R_Tsetskhladze_ed_Phrygia_in_Antiquity_Colloquia_Antiqua_24_Leuven_Peeters_Press_189_218?f_ri=283545","dom_id":"work_23389239","summary":"PLEASE NOTE THERE ARE AMENDMENTS IN PUBLISHED VERSION. \r\n\r\nStarting from a reassessment of a monumental tomb, the historical importance of which has been overlooked due to its collapsed state, this paper shows how such monuments, including their artistic and architectural details, form essential data in modelling the history of places, and how attention to them can also expose gaps in research on landscape and economy that could make significant contributions to understanding the impact of the Achaemenid Persian Empire in ways not so far explored.\r\n\r\n\"In its day the collapsed, massive rock-cut tomb known as the Broken Lion Tomb, or Yılan Taş, located in the Köhnüş Valley north of Afyon, would have been one of the most impressive tomb monuments in Asia Minor. Now lying in a pile of confused blocks that sheared off the edge of the cliff face into which it was carved, its original form is hard to imagine and its past glory and status not widely appreciated. The style of its once rich relief sculptures suggests it was erected in the Achaemenid Persian Period, possibly in the first half or middle of the 5th century BC. Contemporary occupation in the Phrygian Highlands is not well understood, but settlement remains seem modest, and although there may be some elements of continuity, overall the religious status of the area seems to change through the Persian period, the main locus of Matar worship shifting at some point to Pessinus further east. This paper considers the appearance of the tomb and poses questions about its context, which can contribute to the history of the Phrygian Highlands and Achaemenid Empire more broadly.\"\r\n\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55047548,"asset_id":23389239,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":111658,"first_name":"Catherine","last_name":"Draycott","domain_name":"durham","page_name":"CatherineDraycott","display_name":"Catherine M Draycott","profile_url":"https://durham.academia.edu/CatherineDraycott?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/111658/85487/16878962/s65_catherine.draycott.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":788,"name":"Mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":2795,"name":"Landscape Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Archaeology?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":5272,"name":"Identity 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class="summarized">Published in Excavations at Kandahar 1974 and 1975: The first two seasons in Shahr-i Kohna (Old Kandahar) conducted by the British Institute of Afghan Studies. Anthony McNicoll and Warwick Ball. Society of South Asian Studies Monograph... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14582481" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Published in Excavations at Kandahar 1974 and 1975: The first two seasons in Shahr-i Kohna (Old Kandahar) conducted by the British Institute of Afghan Studies. Anthony McNicoll and Warwick Ball. Society of South Asian Studies Monograph No. 1 (1996). Oxford: Tempus Reparatum/BAR International Series 641.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14582481" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2ac36903e3b688fb284eba5e9cf912e6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38360851,"asset_id":14582481,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38360851/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NjA3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33456688" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DavidFleming14">David Fleming</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33456688" type="text/json">{"id":33456688,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Fleming","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DavidFleming14","display_name":"David Fleming","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DavidFleming14?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33456688/9901961/132208167/s65_david.fleming.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14582481 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14582481"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14582481, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14582481", }); 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Anthony McNicoll and Warwick Ball. Society of South Asian Studies Monograph No. 1 (1996). 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150-173</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/439153" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6fd1e28c484c1b7d99cb2e8cd198713a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":6387373,"asset_id":439153,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/6387373/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NjA3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i 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u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="137" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History">Economic History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="137" type="text/json">{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1764" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assyriology">Assyriology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1764" type="text/json">{"id":1764,"name":"Assyriology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assyriology?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7513" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archives">Archives</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7513" type="text/json">{"id":7513,"name":"Archives","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archives?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a 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150-173","created_at":"2011-02-11T02:15:01.553-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/439153/The_Babylonian_Revolts_Against_Xerxes_and_the_End_of_Archives_Archiv_f%C3%BCr_Orientforschung_50_2003_2004_150_173?f_ri=283545","dom_id":"work_439153","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":6387373,"asset_id":439153,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":329342,"first_name":"Caroline","last_name":"Waerzeggers","domain_name":"leidenuniv","page_name":"CarolineWaerzeggers","display_name":"Caroline Waerzeggers","profile_url":"https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/CarolineWaerzeggers?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/329342/137311/19897802/s65_caroline.waerzeggers.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":137,"name":"Economic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_History?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":1764,"name":"Assyriology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assyriology?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":7513,"name":"Archives","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archives?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":33399,"name":"Herodotus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herodotus?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":35213,"name":"Achaemenid History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_History?f_ri=283545"},{"id":44542,"name":"Ancient Near Eastern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Near_Eastern_History?f_ri=283545"},{"id":283545,"name":"Achaemenid Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Empire?f_ri=283545"},{"id":283546,"name":"Xerxes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Xerxes?f_ri=283545"},{"id":283549,"name":"Babylonian revolts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Babylonian_revolts?f_ri=283545"},{"id":1035229,"name":"Achaemenid and Hellenistic Babylonia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_and_Hellenistic_Babylonia?f_ri=283545"},{"id":1035234,"name":"Confrontation Greek and Mesopotamian Civilizations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Confrontation_Greek_and_Mesopotamian_Civilizations?f_ri=283545"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28557344" data-work_id="28557344" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28557344/The_Satrapy_of_Western_Armenia_in_the_Mithridatid_Kingdom">The Satrapy of Western Armenia in the Mithridatid Kingdom</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Abstract: The Mithridatids acquired the southeastern region of the Black Sea. They established a differentiated satrapy in this area, which was called Armenia, evoking the Achaemenid district of Western Armenia. This explains why some... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28557344" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Abstract: The Mithridatids acquired the southeastern region of the Black<br />Sea. They established a differentiated satrapy in this area, which was<br />called Armenia, evoking the Achaemenid district of Western Armenia. This<br />explains why some inscriptions and historical accounts applied the term<br />‘Armenians’ to certain subjects of Mithridates Eupator, because the name<br />‘Armenia Minor’ was not used until Caesar’s time. The name ‘Armenia’,<br />therefore, appears repeatedly in the writings of several ancient authors<br />alluding to the eastern domains of the Mithridatids, as it can be seen in<br />the works of Polybius, Cassius Dio, Memnon and others. It is possible that<br />Achaemenid Western Armenia reached the river Halys (at least in the inner<br />land). The official status of this Mithridatid satrapy aimed at extolling the<br />dynasty as heir of the Achaemenid tradition. At the same time, the use of<br />this toponym overshadowed the former rule of the Ariarathids over this<br />region, also called ‘Cappadocia’ by some ancient writers.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28557344" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0d64bb40b237f91b1160b493fb06bb96" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50172084,"asset_id":28557344,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50172084/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NjA3MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1917323" href="https://us.academia.edu/LUISBALLESTEROSpastor">Luis Ballesteros Pastor</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1917323" type="text/json">{"id":1917323,"first_name":"Luis","last_name":"Ballesteros Pastor","domain_name":"us","page_name":"LUISBALLESTEROSpastor","display_name":"Luis Ballesteros Pastor","profile_url":"https://us.academia.edu/LUISBALLESTEROSpastor?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1917323/2785349/3251636/s65_luis.ballesteros_pastor.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28557344 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28557344"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28557344, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28557344", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28557344]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28557344").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28557344").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28557344"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10551" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Historiography">Ancient Historiography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10551" type="text/json">{"id":10551,"name":"Ancient Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Historiography?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14138" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Armenian_History">Armenian History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14138" type="text/json">{"id":14138,"name":"Armenian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Armenian_History?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14731" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Geography">Ancient Geography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14731" type="text/json">{"id":14731,"name":"Ancient Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Geography?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14741" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strabo">Strabo</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14741" type="text/json">{"id":14741,"name":"Strabo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strabo?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28557344]'), work: {"id":28557344,"title":"The Satrapy of Western Armenia in the Mithridatid Kingdom","created_at":"2016-09-17T10:29:20.514-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28557344/The_Satrapy_of_Western_Armenia_in_the_Mithridatid_Kingdom?f_ri=283545","dom_id":"work_28557344","summary":"Abstract: The Mithridatids acquired the southeastern region of the Black\nSea. They established a differentiated satrapy in this area, which was\ncalled Armenia, evoking the Achaemenid district of Western Armenia. This\nexplains why some inscriptions and historical accounts applied the term\n‘Armenians’ to certain subjects of Mithridates Eupator, because the name\n‘Armenia Minor’ was not used until Caesar’s time. The name ‘Armenia’,\ntherefore, appears repeatedly in the writings of several ancient authors\nalluding to the eastern domains of the Mithridatids, as it can be seen in\nthe works of Polybius, Cassius Dio, Memnon and others. It is possible that\nAchaemenid Western Armenia reached the river Halys (at least in the inner\nland). The official status of this Mithridatid satrapy aimed at extolling the\ndynasty as heir of the Achaemenid tradition. At the same time, the use of\nthis toponym overshadowed the former rule of the Ariarathids over this\nregion, also called ‘Cappadocia’ by some ancient writers.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50172084,"asset_id":28557344,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1917323,"first_name":"Luis","last_name":"Ballesteros Pastor","domain_name":"us","page_name":"LUISBALLESTEROSpastor","display_name":"Luis Ballesteros Pastor","profile_url":"https://us.academia.edu/LUISBALLESTEROSpastor?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1917323/2785349/3251636/s65_luis.ballesteros_pastor.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10551,"name":"Ancient Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Historiography?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":14138,"name":"Armenian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Armenian_History?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":14731,"name":"Ancient Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Geography?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":14741,"name":"Strabo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strabo?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":29276,"name":"Hellenistic and Roman Asia Minor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hellenistic_and_Roman_Asia_Minor?f_ri=283545"},{"id":35213,"name":"Achaemenid History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_History?f_ri=283545"},{"id":50425,"name":"Late Roman Republic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Roman_Republic?f_ri=283545"},{"id":56801,"name":"Achaemenian Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenian_Empire?f_ri=283545"},{"id":69794,"name":"Mithridates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mithridates?f_ri=283545"},{"id":83193,"name":"Black Sea ancient history and archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Black_Sea_ancient_history_and_archaeology?f_ri=283545"},{"id":87796,"name":"Ancient Greek Colonies of the Northern Black Sea Shore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_Colonies_of_the_Northern_Black_Sea_Shore?f_ri=283545"},{"id":134055,"name":"Ancient History, Asia Minor, Hellenistic Cappadocia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History_Asia_Minor_Hellenistic_Cappadocia?f_ri=283545"},{"id":228783,"name":"Kingdom of Pontus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kingdom_of_Pontus?f_ri=283545"},{"id":283545,"name":"Achaemenid Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Empire?f_ri=283545"},{"id":495188,"name":"Cappadocia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cappadocia?f_ri=283545"},{"id":547130,"name":"King Mithridates VI Eupator Dionysus of Pontus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/King_Mithridates_VI_Eupator_Dionysus_of_Pontus?f_ri=283545"},{"id":781659,"name":"Mithridates VI Eupator","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mithridates_VI_Eupator?f_ri=283545"},{"id":960289,"name":"Achaemenian Empire Achaemenid Archaeology Achaemenid History Ancient Greek Historiography Ancient Greek History Ancient Persia Classical Greece","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenian_Empire_Achaemenid_Archaeology_Achaemenid_History_Ancient_Greek_Historiography_Ancient_Gr?f_ri=283545"},{"id":1338800,"name":"Achaemeid Satrapies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemeid_Satrapies?f_ri=283545"},{"id":1432680,"name":"Pharnaces I","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharnaces_I?f_ri=283545"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3658159" data-work_id="3658159" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3658159/Matthew_Canepa_The_Transformation_of_Sacred_Space_Topography_and_Royal_Ritual_in_Persia_and_the_Ancient_Iranian_World_in_Heaven_on_Earth_Temples_Ritual_and_Cosmic_Symbolism_in_the_Ancient_World_pp_319_72_Chicago_The_Oriental_Institute_of_the_University_of_Chicago_2013">Matthew Canepa, "The Transformation of Sacred Space, Topography, and Royal Ritual in Persia and the Ancient Iranian World" in Heaven on Earth: Temples, Ritual, and Cosmic Symbolism in the Ancient World, pp. 319-72. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 2013.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3658159" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f0cc809169d1e565c64115cfd0cb13cd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31350376,"asset_id":3658159,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31350376/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NjA3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="178008" href="https://uci.academia.edu/MatthewCanepa">Matthew Canepa</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="178008" type="text/json">{"id":178008,"first_name":"Matthew","last_name":"Canepa","domain_name":"uci","page_name":"MatthewCanepa","display_name":"Matthew Canepa","profile_url":"https://uci.academia.edu/MatthewCanepa?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/178008/44141/112919/s65_matthew.canepa.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3658159 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3658159"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3658159, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3658159", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3658159]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3658159").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3658159").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3658159"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">161</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl11x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="110" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="110" type="text/json">{"id":110,"name":"Gnosticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gnosticism?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3658159]'), work: {"id":3658159,"title":"Matthew Canepa, \"The Transformation of Sacred Space, Topography, and Royal Ritual in Persia and the Ancient Iranian World\" in Heaven on Earth: Temples, Ritual, and Cosmic Symbolism in the Ancient World, pp. 319-72. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, 2013.","created_at":"2013-06-05T03:38:02.371-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3658159/Matthew_Canepa_The_Transformation_of_Sacred_Space_Topography_and_Royal_Ritual_in_Persia_and_the_Ancient_Iranian_World_in_Heaven_on_Earth_Temples_Ritual_and_Cosmic_Symbolism_in_the_Ancient_World_pp_319_72_Chicago_The_Oriental_Institute_of_the_University_of_Chicago_2013?f_ri=283545","dom_id":"work_3658159","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31350376,"asset_id":3658159,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":178008,"first_name":"Matthew","last_name":"Canepa","domain_name":"uci","page_name":"MatthewCanepa","display_name":"Matthew 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href="https://www.academia.edu/49004186/_La_campagna_di_Serse_contro_la_Grecia_mito_poetico_e_pensiero_storico_da_Eschilo_a_Erodoto_in_Gian_Enrico_Manzoni_ed_Il_mito_il_sacro_la_patria_dei_poeti_Le_radici_identitarie_dellEuropa_a_2500_anni_dalle_guerre_persiane_Milano_2021">"La campagna di Serse contro la Grecia: mito poetico e pensiero storico, da Eschilo a Erodoto", in Gian Enrico Manzoni (ed.), Il mito, il sacro, la patria dei poeti. Le radici identitarie dell'Europa a 2500 anni dalle guerre persiane, Milano 2021.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">There are no authentic Iranian sources on the Graeco-Persian wars. Apparently, in the context of the Persian Empire the Greek wars were regarded as a parenthesis of small significance, given that the main expansionist designs of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49004186" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">There are no authentic Iranian sources on the Graeco-Persian wars. Apparently, in the context of the Persian Empire the Greek wars were regarded as a parenthesis of small significance, given that the main expansionist designs of the Achaemenid kings were oriented towards richer and vaster regions, such as India and Africa. The establishment of a true historical perspective on the Graeco-Persian conflict was left to the Greeks, the first culture that developed the sense of probing historical research in antiquity. <br /><br />In Greek collective consciousness the Persian wars transcended the limits of a mere historical event and were raised to the level of a genuine poetic myth, reflecting perennial laws of human existence. Aeschylus, in the "Persians", dramatizes the sea battle of Salamis as a paradigm of cosmic dimensions which reveals the retaliative operation of the universe. The arrogant Xerxes commits injustice against the water at the Hellespont, and the same element of nature takes revenge on him at Salamis. Aeschylus takes occasion from the historical events in order to create a meditative parable about the pathology of power. He therefore has the liberty to remould the stuff of historical reality, in order to give expression to his mythopoetic scheme. <br /><br />In Herodotus’ "History", the story of Xerxes’ deliberations and warning dreams before the campaign against Greece (VII 8-18) has a similar mythopoetic function. Herodotus uses this narrative to express his peculiar view about the operation of historical evil, which is identified with the greed and arbitrariness of power. This kind of evil is a phenomenon with duration, an inescapable circle which, once initiated, must fulfil its orbit and cannot be stopped. From the moment Xerxes decides to cross the lawful boundaries of his empire and covet what is not rightfully his, the circle of evil is opened, and the Persian king cannot retreat from it.<br /><br /><br />This ebook, painstakingly edited by Professor Gian Enrico Manzoni, reunites the acts of a seminar held in September 2020 on the Persian Wars in Greco-Roman literature. Words are not enough to express my gratitude and admiration for the Italian colleagues from the whole of Lombardy (Milan, Brescia, Bergamo...), who had the courage to come to Greece, as they do every year, and continue the tradition of our seminars in the midst of the pandemic. I hope to meet them again soon, in much ameliorated conditions.  <br /><br />I upload here a small specimen of my article on the Persian Wars as a kind of "poetic myth" in the writing of Aeschylus and Herodotus. All readers interested in Greco-Persian history and its reflections in literature would find it worthwhile to read the entire thematic fascicle, which can be purchased at a low price from here:<br /><a href="http://riviste.gruppostudium.it/nuova-secondaria/archivio-nuova-secondaria/gli-ebook-di-ns/il-mito-il-sacro-la-patria-dei-poeti" rel="nofollow">http://riviste.gruppostudium.it/nuova-secondaria/archivio-nuova-secondaria/gli-ebook-di-ns/il-mito-il-sacro-la-patria-dei-poeti</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49004186" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4b552303d9bdda015c6945ccf1f4723d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":105965017,"asset_id":49004186,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105965017/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NjA3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="305270" href="https://uoa.academia.edu/IoannisKonstantakos">Ioannis Konstantakos</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="305270" type="text/json">{"id":305270,"first_name":"Ioannis","last_name":"Konstantakos","domain_name":"uoa","page_name":"IoannisKonstantakos","display_name":"Ioannis Konstantakos","profile_url":"https://uoa.academia.edu/IoannisKonstantakos?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/305270/61504/1133178/s65_ioannis.konstantakos.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49004186 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49004186"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49004186, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49004186", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49004186]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49004186").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49004186").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49004186"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19017" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Persia">Ancient Persia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19017" type="text/json">{"id":19017,"name":"Ancient Persia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Persia?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22878" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_History">Ancient Greek History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="22878" type="text/json">{"id":22878,"name":"Ancient Greek History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_History?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="25207" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="25207" type="text/json">{"id":25207,"name":"Aeschylus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aeschylus?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33399" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herodotus">Herodotus</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="33399" type="text/json">{"id":33399,"name":"Herodotus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herodotus?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49004186]'), work: {"id":49004186,"title":"\"La campagna di Serse contro la Grecia: mito poetico e pensiero storico, da Eschilo a Erodoto\", in Gian Enrico Manzoni (ed.), Il mito, il sacro, la patria dei poeti. Le radici identitarie dell'Europa a 2500 anni dalle guerre persiane, Milano 2021.","created_at":"2021-05-21T09:47:57.439-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49004186/_La_campagna_di_Serse_contro_la_Grecia_mito_poetico_e_pensiero_storico_da_Eschilo_a_Erodoto_in_Gian_Enrico_Manzoni_ed_Il_mito_il_sacro_la_patria_dei_poeti_Le_radici_identitarie_dellEuropa_a_2500_anni_dalle_guerre_persiane_Milano_2021?f_ri=283545","dom_id":"work_49004186","summary":"There are no authentic Iranian sources on the Graeco-Persian wars. Apparently, in the context of the Persian Empire the Greek wars were regarded as a parenthesis of small significance, given that the main expansionist designs of the Achaemenid kings were oriented towards richer and vaster regions, such as India and Africa. The establishment of a true historical perspective on the Graeco-Persian conflict was left to the Greeks, the first culture that developed the sense of probing historical research in antiquity. \n\nIn Greek collective consciousness the Persian wars transcended the limits of a mere historical event and were raised to the level of a genuine poetic myth, reflecting perennial laws of human existence. Aeschylus, in the \"Persians\", dramatizes the sea battle of Salamis as a paradigm of cosmic dimensions which reveals the retaliative operation of the universe. The arrogant Xerxes commits injustice against the water at the Hellespont, and the same element of nature takes revenge on him at Salamis. Aeschylus takes occasion from the historical events in order to create a meditative parable about the pathology of power. He therefore has the liberty to remould the stuff of historical reality, in order to give expression to his mythopoetic scheme. \n\nIn Herodotus’ \"History\", the story of Xerxes’ deliberations and warning dreams before the campaign against Greece (VII 8-18) has a similar mythopoetic function. Herodotus uses this narrative to express his peculiar view about the operation of historical evil, which is identified with the greed and arbitrariness of power. This kind of evil is a phenomenon with duration, an inescapable circle which, once initiated, must fulfil its orbit and cannot be stopped. From the moment Xerxes decides to cross the lawful boundaries of his empire and covet what is not rightfully his, the circle of evil is opened, and the Persian king cannot retreat from it.\n\n\nThis ebook, painstakingly edited by Professor Gian Enrico Manzoni, reunites the acts of a seminar held in September 2020 on the Persian Wars in Greco-Roman literature. Words are not enough to express my gratitude and admiration for the Italian colleagues from the whole of Lombardy (Milan, Brescia, Bergamo...), who had the courage to come to Greece, as they do every year, and continue the tradition of our seminars in the midst of the pandemic. I hope to meet them again soon, in much ameliorated conditions. \n\nI upload here a small specimen of my article on the Persian Wars as a kind of \"poetic myth\" in the writing of Aeschylus and Herodotus. All readers interested in Greco-Persian history and its reflections in literature would find it worthwhile to read the entire thematic fascicle, which can be purchased at a low price from here:\nhttp://riviste.gruppostudium.it/nuova-secondaria/archivio-nuova-secondaria/gli-ebook-di-ns/il-mito-il-sacro-la-patria-dei-poeti","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":105965017,"asset_id":49004186,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":305270,"first_name":"Ioannis","last_name":"Konstantakos","domain_name":"uoa","page_name":"IoannisKonstantakos","display_name":"Ioannis Konstantakos","profile_url":"https://uoa.academia.edu/IoannisKonstantakos?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/305270/61504/1133178/s65_ioannis.konstantakos.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":19017,"name":"Ancient Persia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Persia?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":22878,"name":"Ancient Greek History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_History?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":25207,"name":"Aeschylus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aeschylus?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":33399,"name":"Herodotus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herodotus?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":35213,"name":"Achaemenid History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_History?f_ri=283545"},{"id":201200,"name":"Darius I","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Darius_I?f_ri=283545"},{"id":283545,"name":"Achaemenid Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Empire?f_ri=283545"},{"id":283546,"name":"Xerxes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Xerxes?f_ri=283545"},{"id":571396,"name":"Greco-Persian Wars","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greco-Persian_Wars?f_ri=283545"},{"id":840203,"name":"Xerxes' Invasion of Greece","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Xerxes_Invasion_of_Greece?f_ri=283545"},{"id":917222,"name":"Aeschylus, Persae","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aeschylus_Persae?f_ri=283545"},{"id":980356,"name":"Historical Myth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Myth?f_ri=283545"},{"id":1567696,"name":"Battle of Salamis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Battle_of_Salamis?f_ri=283545"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68963701" data-work_id="68963701" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68963701/The_Achaemenid_Expansion_to_the_Indus_and_Alexander_s_Invasion_of_North_West_South_Asia">The Achaemenid Expansion to the Indus and Alexander’s Invasion of North-West South Asia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">There is a range of evidence that informs us about the organisation of the Achaemenid Empire, but our understanding ofthe eastern-most reaches of the empire, which lie within the bounds of modern-day Pakistan is relatively limited.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68963701" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">There is a range of evidence that informs us about the organisation of the Achaemenid Empire, but our understanding ofthe eastern-most reaches of the empire, which lie within the bounds of modern-day Pakistan is relatively limited. Whilethere is evidence for the eastern provinces in imperial art and references to them in Achaemenid Royal inscriptions, thearchaeological record in the subcontinent is far more ephemeral and less straightforward to interpret. Some of the clearestinformation about these eastern regions comes from the historians who wrote about the conquest of Alexander at theend of the 4th century BC. The evidence for the Achaemenid period in the east is also informed by an understanding ofthe archaeological evidence from the preceding periods, which implies that the Achaemenid Empire annexed existingregional entities during the 6th century BC, and employed a layered administrative system in the east that saw differingdegrees of control exerted in different regions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68963701" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5a0afa6915637af3e0ecdc933219afc0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79246320,"asset_id":68963701,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79246320/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NjA3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="192490" href="https://cambridge.academia.edu/CameronPetrie">Cameron Petrie</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="192490" type="text/json">{"id":192490,"first_name":"Cameron","last_name":"Petrie","domain_name":"cambridge","page_name":"CameronPetrie","display_name":"Cameron Petrie","profile_url":"https://cambridge.academia.edu/CameronPetrie?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/192490/1851784/3347270/s65_cameron.petrie.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68963701 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68963701"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68963701, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68963701", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_68963701 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68963701; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_68963701"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_68963701 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="68963701"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68963701; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68963701]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_68963701").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_68963701").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68963701"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7361" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7361" type="text/json">{"id":7361,"name":"Pakistan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pakistan?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="56908" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imperialism">Imperialism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="56908" type="text/json">{"id":56908,"name":"Imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imperialism?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="154848" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emulation">Emulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="154848" type="text/json">{"id":154848,"name":"Emulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emulation?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="283545" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="283545" type="text/json">{"id":283545,"name":"Achaemenid Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Empire?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=68963701]'), work: {"id":68963701,"title":"The Achaemenid Expansion to the Indus and Alexander’s Invasion of North-West South Asia","created_at":"2022-01-21T02:20:24.959-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68963701/The_Achaemenid_Expansion_to_the_Indus_and_Alexander_s_Invasion_of_North_West_South_Asia?f_ri=283545","dom_id":"work_68963701","summary":"There is a range of evidence that informs us about the organisation of the Achaemenid Empire, but our understanding ofthe eastern-most reaches of the empire, which lie within the bounds of modern-day Pakistan is relatively limited. Whilethere is evidence for the eastern provinces in imperial art and references to them in Achaemenid Royal inscriptions, thearchaeological record in the subcontinent is far more ephemeral and less straightforward to interpret. Some of the clearestinformation about these eastern regions comes from the historians who wrote about the conquest of Alexander at theend of the 4th century BC. The evidence for the Achaemenid period in the east is also informed by an understanding ofthe archaeological evidence from the preceding periods, which implies that the Achaemenid Empire annexed existingregional entities during the 6th century BC, and employed a layered administrative system in the east that saw differingdegrees of control exerted in different regions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79246320,"asset_id":68963701,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":192490,"first_name":"Cameron","last_name":"Petrie","domain_name":"cambridge","page_name":"CameronPetrie","display_name":"Cameron Petrie","profile_url":"https://cambridge.academia.edu/CameronPetrie?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/192490/1851784/3347270/s65_cameron.petrie.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7361,"name":"Pakistan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pakistan?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":56908,"name":"Imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imperialism?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":154848,"name":"Emulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emulation?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":283545,"name":"Achaemenid Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Empire?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":455099,"name":"Post Colonial Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post_Colonial_Theory?f_ri=283545"},{"id":4066549,"name":"Satrapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Satrapy-1?f_ri=283545"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_52486828 coauthored" data-work_id="52486828" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/52486828/Sigillophobe_suppliers_and_idiosyncratic_scribes_Local_information_handling_in_Achaemenid_P%C4%81rsa">Sigillophobe suppliers and idiosyncratic scribes: Local information handling in Achaemenid Pārsa</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/52486828" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4454cadde8f5d8f7399091794dc1b42d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69730738,"asset_id":52486828,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69730738/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NjA3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="143572" href="https://ephe.academia.edu/WouterFMHenkelman">Wouter F. M. Henkelman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="143572" type="text/json">{"id":143572,"first_name":"Wouter","last_name":"F. M. Henkelman","domain_name":"ephe","page_name":"WouterFMHenkelman","display_name":"Wouter F. M. 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The main one included the central regions of the empire, and four others were located around the main unit (see diagram and map). Based mainly on ancient Greek sources, we can also assume that the main unit was under the direct control of the king of the kings of the Achaemenid Еmpire. And Achaemenid king ruled four other units with the mediation of four governors subordinate to him.<br />  <br />Key words::Achaemenid Empire, Achaemenid administrative system, Achaemenid army, King of kings, Satrap, Cyrus the Great, Darius, Xerxes, Parsa, Old Persian, Media, Armenia, Behistun inscription, list of countries, DB, DSaa, DPe, DSe, DNa, XPh, Aeschylus, Herodotus, Xenophon.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40618216" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9a9f64583ccf77d090232e51820865af" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60897285,"asset_id":40618216,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60897285/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NjA3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3663780" href="https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/MuradOhanyan">Murad Ohanyan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3663780" type="text/json">{"id":3663780,"first_name":"Murad","last_name":"Ohanyan","domain_name":"independentresearcher","page_name":"MuradOhanyan","display_name":"Murad Ohanyan","profile_url":"https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/MuradOhanyan?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3663780/33689411/31540954/s65_murad.ohanyan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40618216 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40618216"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40618216, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40618216", }); 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In: \"HISTORY AND CULTURE\" (Journal of Armenian studies, Yerevan State University), 2019, №1, p. 11-27; http://publications.ysu.am/patm_msh_2019-1 \n\nABSTRACT.\nAn examination of Darius I's country lists led us to such an assumption that the Achaemenid Empire consisted of five main administrative-territorial units. The main one included the central regions of the empire, and four others were located around the main unit (see diagram and map). Based mainly on ancient Greek sources, we can also assume that the main unit was under the direct control of the king of the kings of the Achaemenid Еmpire. And Achaemenid king ruled four other units with the mediation of four governors subordinate to him.\n \nKey words::Achaemenid Empire, Achaemenid administrative system, Achaemenid army, King of kings, Satrap, Cyrus the Great, Darius, Xerxes, Parsa, Old Persian, Media, Armenia, Behistun inscription, list of countries, DB, DSaa, DPe, DSe, DNa, XPh, Aeschylus, Herodotus, Xenophon.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60897285,"asset_id":40618216,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3663780,"first_name":"Murad","last_name":"Ohanyan","domain_name":"independentresearcher","page_name":"MuradOhanyan","display_name":"Murad Ohanyan","profile_url":"https://independentresearcher.academia.edu/MuradOhanyan?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3663780/33689411/31540954/s65_murad.ohanyan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":17936,"name":"Ancient Near East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Near_East?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":35213,"name":"Achaemenid History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_History?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":104866,"name":"Achaemenid Art and Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Art_and_Archaeology?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":283545,"name":"Achaemenid Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Empire?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":305864,"name":"Classical Greece, Persian Wars","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Greece_Persian_Wars?f_ri=283545"},{"id":345538,"name":"Greek and Persian history and historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_and_Persian_history_and_historiography?f_ri=283545"},{"id":410923,"name":"Greek-Persian relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek-Persian_relations?f_ri=283545"},{"id":423379,"name":"Achaemenid Egypt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Egypt?f_ri=283545"},{"id":501019,"name":"Achaemenid, Parthian, and Sasanian History; International Relations and Diplomacy between Roman-Byzantine and Persian Empires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Parthian_and_Sasanian_History_International_Relations_and_Diplomacy_between_Roman-Byza?f_ri=283545"},{"id":571396,"name":"Greco-Persian Wars","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greco-Persian_Wars?f_ri=283545"},{"id":715872,"name":"South Caucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia), Near Eastern Archaeology, Empires, Achaemenid Archaeology, and Iron Age (Archaeology), Hellenistic Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Caucasus_Armenia_Azerbaijan_Georgia_Near_Eastern_Archaeology_Empires_Achaemenid_Archaeo?f_ri=283545"},{"id":960289,"name":"Achaemenian Empire Achaemenid Archaeology Achaemenid History Ancient Greek Historiography Ancient Greek History Ancient Persia Classical Greece","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenian_Empire_Achaemenid_Archaeology_Achaemenid_History_Ancient_Greek_Historiography_Ancient_Gr?f_ri=283545"},{"id":960294,"name":"Ancient Warfare Achaemenid Persia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Warfare_Achaemenid_Persia?f_ri=283545"},{"id":2963780,"name":"Persian History in Ancient Greek Historiography.","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Persian_History_in_Ancient_Greek_Historiography?f_ri=283545"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_63910988" data-work_id="63910988" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63910988/KYZYLTEPA">KYZYLTEPA</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">The paper summarizes the discoveries at Kyzyltepa in Southern Uzbekistan, with an emphasis on its fire temple.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/63910988" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="48457470aecaf6c0e9429f9f0374cc97" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76177075,"asset_id":63910988,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76177075/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NjA3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="197908" href="https://brynmawr.academia.edu/WuXin">Wu Xin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="197908" type="text/json">{"id":197908,"first_name":"Wu","last_name":"Xin","domain_name":"brynmawr","page_name":"WuXin","display_name":"Wu Xin","profile_url":"https://brynmawr.academia.edu/WuXin?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/197908/68423005/56804451/s65_wu.xin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_63910988 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="63910988"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 63910988, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_63910988", }); 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","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76177075,"asset_id":63910988,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":197908,"first_name":"Wu","last_name":"Xin","domain_name":"brynmawr","page_name":"WuXin","display_name":"Wu Xin","profile_url":"https://brynmawr.academia.edu/WuXin?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/197908/68423005/56804451/s65_wu.xin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5218,"name":"Iranian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iranian_Studies?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":6032,"name":"Central Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Asian_Studies?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":14735,"name":"Achaemenid Persia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Persia?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":18924,"name":"Central Asian History (Area Studies)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Asian_History_Area_Studies_?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":29285,"name":"Ancient Iranian Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Iranian_Religion?f_ri=283545"},{"id":35213,"name":"Achaemenid History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_History?f_ri=283545"},{"id":44435,"name":"Central Asian Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Asian_Archaeology?f_ri=283545"},{"id":52997,"name":"Achaemenid archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_archaeology?f_ri=283545"},{"id":104866,"name":"Achaemenid Art and Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Art_and_Archaeology?f_ri=283545"},{"id":283545,"name":"Achaemenid Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Empire?f_ri=283545"},{"id":547111,"name":"Achaemenid Persian Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Persian_Empire?f_ri=283545"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36605397" data-work_id="36605397" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36605397/_A_New_Achaemenid_Coin_Several_Comments_on_a_Unique_Tetradrachm_of_the_Type_Great_King_Prow_and_Some_Other_Issues_of_the_Satraps_Notae_Numismaticae_Zapiski_Numizmatyczne_XII_2017_pp_33_50">“A New Achaemenid Coin. Several Comments on a Unique Tetradrachm of the Type “Great King/Prow” and Some Other Issues of the Satraps”, Notae Numismaticae-Zapiski Numizmatyczne XII, 2017, pp. 33-50</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article concerns an extremely rare tetradrachm struck in the Rhodian standard, bearing an image of the Great King on the obverse and a depiction of a prow on the reverse. The coin surfaced on the antiquarian market in 2017 and was... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36605397" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article concerns an extremely rare tetradrachm struck in the<br />Rhodian standard, bearing an image of the Great King on the obverse and a depiction of a prow on the reverse. The coin surfaced on the antiquarian market in 2017 and was published by the Classical Numismatic Group. By comparing this tetradrachm to the coins of the “Great King/map of Ionia” type and the very rare daric from<br />the former de Luynes collection, the present article proposes that the coin be dated to the first half of the 4th century BC. The author also analyzes the symbolism of the monetary types used in the case of the present coin within the context of other examples of Achaemenid coinage.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36605397" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="04e8ab86822dd3c27df60ceddf2a6527" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56745323,"asset_id":36605397,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56745323/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NjA3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="299594" href="https://jagiellonian.academia.edu/Jaros%C5%82awArturBodzek">Jarosław Artur Bodzek</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="299594" type="text/json">{"id":299594,"first_name":"Jarosław Artur","last_name":"Bodzek","domain_name":"jagiellonian","page_name":"JarosławArturBodzek","display_name":"Jarosław Artur Bodzek","profile_url":"https://jagiellonian.academia.edu/Jaros%C5%82awArturBodzek?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/299594/260274/18810809/s65_jaros_aw_artur.bodzek.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36605397 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36605397"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36605397, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36605397", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36605397]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36605397").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36605397").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36605397"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="70819" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenids">Achaemenids</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="70819" type="text/json">{"id":70819,"name":"Achaemenids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenids?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="76650" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_coins">Achaemenid coins</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="76650" type="text/json">{"id":76650,"name":"Achaemenid coins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_coins?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="104866" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Art_and_Archaeology">Achaemenid Art and Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="104866" type="text/json">{"id":104866,"name":"Achaemenid Art and Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Art_and_Archaeology?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="283545" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="283545" type="text/json">{"id":283545,"name":"Achaemenid Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Empire?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36605397]'), work: {"id":36605397,"title":"“A New Achaemenid Coin. 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By comparing this tetradrachm to the coins of the “Great King/map of Ionia” type and the very rare daric from\nthe former de Luynes collection, the present article proposes that the coin be dated to the first half of the 4th century BC. The author also analyzes the symbolism of the monetary types used in the case of the present coin within the context of other examples of Achaemenid coinage.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56745323,"asset_id":36605397,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":299594,"first_name":"Jarosław Artur","last_name":"Bodzek","domain_name":"jagiellonian","page_name":"JarosławArturBodzek","display_name":"Jarosław Artur Bodzek","profile_url":"https://jagiellonian.academia.edu/Jaros%C5%82awArturBodzek?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/299594/260274/18810809/s65_jaros_aw_artur.bodzek.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":70819,"name":"Achaemenids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenids?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":76650,"name":"Achaemenid coins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_coins?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":104866,"name":"Achaemenid Art and Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Art_and_Archaeology?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":283545,"name":"Achaemenid Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Achaemenid_Empire?f_ri=283545","nofollow":false},{"id":520822,"name":"Ancient Greek Coins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_Coins?f_ri=283545"},{"id":1007508,"name":"Ancient Greek Coinage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Greek_Coinage?f_ri=283545"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44535215" data-work_id="44535215" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44535215/Politica_e_monetazione_di_Tissaferne_e_Farnabazo_Tesi_di_laurea_triennale_Policy_and_coinage_of_Tissaphernes_and_Pharnabazos_Bachelors_thesis_Italian_">Politica e monetazione di Tissaferne e Farnabazo. Tesi di laurea triennale. [Policy and coinage of Tissaphernes and Pharnabazos. Bachelor's thesis. Italian]</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44535215" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a98c5f823793cc4291c3f0cbdc07206b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":64981787,"asset_id":44535215,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/64981787/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NjA3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="20165894" href="https://unimi.academia.edu/SamueleSala">Samuele Sala</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="20165894" type="text/json">{"id":20165894,"first_name":"Samuele","last_name":"Sala","domain_name":"unimi","page_name":"SamueleSala","display_name":"Samuele Sala","profile_url":"https://unimi.academia.edu/SamueleSala?f_ri=283545","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44535215 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44535215"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44535215, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44535215", }); 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Bivar".</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14582108" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f4ec9eaf2969abdfa7cf61e486c6066d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38360793,"asset_id":14582108,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38360793/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NjA3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33456688" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DavidFleming14">David Fleming</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33456688" type="text/json">{"id":33456688,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Fleming","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DavidFleming14","display_name":"David Fleming","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DavidFleming14?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33456688/9901961/132208167/s65_david.fleming.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14582108 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14582108"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14582108, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14582108", }); 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href="https://www.academia.edu/342606/2010_Convoy_Commanders_and_Other_Military_Identities_in_Tomb_Art_of_Western_Anatolia_around_the_Time_of_the_Persian_Wars_Bollettino_di_archeologia_online_0_G1_2_7_23">2010: "Convoy Commanders and Other Military Identities in Tomb Art of Western Anatolia around the Time of the Persian Wars." Bollettino di archeologia online 0 : G1.2, 7-23. </a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper considers the emergence of various military guises in the tomb art of Western Anatolia as responses to the Persian Wars. It includes the convoy in the Tatarli Tomb, taken by others to be a funerary procession, as well other... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_342606" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper considers the emergence of various military guises in the tomb art of Western Anatolia as responses to the Persian Wars. It includes the convoy in the Tatarli Tomb, taken by others to be a funerary procession, as well other images of battle and warriors. The guises selected offer some insight into the cultural identities of the different communities of Western Anatolia during what is argued to be a formative period for politics, group identities and art.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/342606" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4109f96a11b5774fa572adabd2abaf63" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":1991334,"asset_id":342606,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/1991334/download_file?st=MTczMjQ0NjA3Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="111658" href="https://durham.academia.edu/CatherineDraycott">Catherine M Draycott</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="111658" type="text/json">{"id":111658,"first_name":"Catherine","last_name":"Draycott","domain_name":"durham","page_name":"CatherineDraycott","display_name":"Catherine M Draycott","profile_url":"https://durham.academia.edu/CatherineDraycott?f_ri=283545","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/111658/85487/16878962/s65_catherine.draycott.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_342606 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="342606"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 342606, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_342606", }); 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