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Available in 48 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 gjuhë</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westerse_kultuur" title="Westerse kultuur – afrikanisht" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Westerse kultuur" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الحضارة الغربية – arabisht" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحضارة الغربية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Заходняя культура – bjellorusisht" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Заходняя культура" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjellorusisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="पच्छिमी संस्कृति – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पच्छिमी संस्कृति" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="পাশ্চাত্য সংস্কৃতি – bengalisht" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পাশ্চাত্য সংস্কৃতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%95%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རིག་གནས། – tibetisht" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ནུབ་ཕྱོགས་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཀྱི་རིག་གནས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapadna_kultura" title="Zapadna kultura – boshnjakisht" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zapadna kultura" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="boshnjakisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_occidental" title="Cultura occidental – katalonisht" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cultura occidental" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1padn%C3%AD_kultura" title="Západní kultura – çekisht" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Západní kultura" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="çekisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Δυτικός πολιτισμός – greqisht" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δυτικός πολιτισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greqisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture – anglisht" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Western culture" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_occidental" title="Cultura occidental – spanjisht" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cultura occidental" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanjisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="فرهنگ غربی – persisht" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرهنگ غربی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4nsimainen_kulttuuri" title="Länsimainen kulttuuri – finlandisht" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Länsimainen kulttuuri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_occidentale" title="Société occidentale – frëngjisht" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Société occidentale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frëngjisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%91" title="תרבות המערב – hebraisht" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תרבות המערב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="पश्चिमी संस्कृति – indisht" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पश्चिमी संस्कृति" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="indisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapadna_kultura" title="Zapadna kultura – kroatisht" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zapadna kultura" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D6%87%D5%B4%D5%BF%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B4%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%A9" title="Արևմտյան մշակույթ – armenisht" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Արևմտյան մշակույթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_occidental" title="Cultura occidental – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cultura occidental" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budaya_Barat" title="Budaya Barat – indonezisht" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Budaya Barat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_occidental" title="Cultura occidental – gjuha oksidentale" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Cultura occidental" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="gjuha oksidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EC%96%91_%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94" title="서양 문화 – koreanisht" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="서양 문화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_occidentalis" title="Cultura occidentalis – latinisht" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cultura occidentalis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultur_ueste" title="Cultur ueste – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Cultur ueste" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rietumu_kult%C5%ABra" title="Rietumu kultūra – letonisht" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rietumu kultūra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budaya_Barat" title="Budaya Barat – minangkabauisht" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Budaya Barat" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabauisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebudayaan_Barat" title="Kebudayaan Barat – malajisht" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kebudayaan Barat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westerse_cultuur" title="Westerse cultuur – holandisht" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Westerse cultuur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cywilizacja_zachodnia" title="Cywilizacja zachodnia – polonisht" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cywilizacja zachodnia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF%DB%8C%DA%81_%22%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C%22_%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1" title="لویدیځ "غربی" کلتور – pashtoisht" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لویدیځ "غربی" کلتور" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashtoisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_ocidental" title="Cultura ocidental – portugalisht" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cultura ocidental" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_occidental%C4%83" title="Cultura occidentală – rumanisht" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cultura occidentală" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumanisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Западная культура – rusisht" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Западная культура" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapadna_kultura" title="Zapadna kultura – serbo-kroatisht" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zapadna kultura" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-kroatisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%98%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="බටහිර සංස්කෘතිය – sinhalisht" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බටහිර සංස්කෘතිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhalisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_civilization" title="Western civilization – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Western civilization" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1padn%C3%A1_kult%C3%BAra" title="Západná kultúra – sllovakisht" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Západná kultúra" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="sllovakisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapadnja%C4%8Dka_kultura" title="Zapadnjačka kultura – serbisht" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Zapadnjačka kultura" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisht" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a 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id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Nga Wikipedia, enciklopedia e lirë</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sq" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Skeda:Da_Vinci_Vitruve_Luc_Viatour.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Da_Vinci_Vitruve_Luc_Viatour.jpg/220px-Da_Vinci_Vitruve_Luc_Viatour.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Da_Vinci_Vitruve_Luc_Viatour.jpg/330px-Da_Vinci_Vitruve_Luc_Viatour.jpg 1.5x, 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Bazuar në korrelacionet e përmasave ideale njerëzore me <a href="/wiki/Gjeometria" title="Gjeometria">gjeometrinë</a> e përshkruar nga arkitekti i lashtë romak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitruvius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitruvius (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Vitruvius</a> në Librin III të traktatit të tij <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_architectura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De architectura (nuk është shkruar akoma)">De architectura</a></i>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Kultura perëndimore</b>, e njohur edhe si <b>qytetërimi perëndimor</b>, <b>shoqëria perëndimore</b>, është <a href="/wiki/Trash%C3%ABgimia" title="Trashëgimia">trashëgimia</a> e normave shoqërore, vlerave etike, zakoneve tradicionale, sistemeve të besimit, sistemeve politike, artefakteve dhe teknologjive të botës perëndimore. Termi zbatohet përtej Evropës për vendet dhe kulturat, historitë e të cilave janë të lidhura fort me Evropën nga imigrimi, kolonizimi ose ndikimi.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kultura perëndimore ndikohet më së shumti nga kultura greko-romake, kultura e krishterë dhe, deri diku, kultura gjermanike.<sup id="cite_ref-PerryChase2012_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PerryChase2012-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zgjerimi i kulturës greke në botën helenistike të Mesdheut lindor çoi në një sintezë midis kulturave greke dhe asaj të Lindjes së Afërt,<sup id="cite_ref-Green_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Green-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dhe përparime të mëdha në letërsi, inxhinieri dhe shkencë, dhe siguroi kulturën për zgjerimin e krishterimit të hershëm dhe të <a href="/wiki/Bes%C3%ABlidhja_e_Re" title="Besëlidhja e Re">Besëlidhjes së Re</a> greke.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kjo periudhë u mbivendos dhe u pasua nga <a href="/wiki/Roma_e_lasht%C3%AB" title="Roma e lashtë">Roma</a>, e cila dha kontribute kryesore në ligj, qeverisje, inxhinieri dhe organizim politik.<sup id="cite_ref-Daly2013_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daly2013-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kultura perëndimore karakterizohet nga një mori temash dhe traditash artistike, filozofike, letrare dhe juridike. Krishterimi, kryesisht Kisha Katolike Romake, dhe më vonë protestantizmi ka luajtur një rol të spikatur në formësimin e qytetërimit perëndimor që të paktën nga shekulli i 4-të, ashtu si edhe judaizmi.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Një gur themeli i mendimit perëndimor, duke filluar në Greqinë e lashtë dhe duke vazhduar gjatë Mesjetës dhe Rilindjes, është ideja e racionalizmit në sfera të ndryshme të jetës, e zhvilluar nga filozofia, skolasticizmi dhe humanizmi helenistik. Empirizmi më vonë krijoi metodën shkencore, <a href="/wiki/Revolucioni_Shkencor" title="Revolucioni Shkencor">revolucionin shkencor</a> dhe <a href="/wiki/Epoka_e_Iluminizmit" title="Epoka e Iluminizmit">Epokën e Iluminizmit</a>. </p><p>Kultura perëndimore vazhdoi të zhvillohej me kristianizimin e shoqërisë evropiane gjatë Mesjetës, reformat e shkaktuara nga rilindasit mesjetarë, ndikimi i botës islame nëpërmjet Al-Andalusit dhe Siçilisë (duke përfshirë transferimin e teknologjisë nga Lindja dhe përkthimet latine të Tekstet arabe mbi shkencën dhe filozofinë Greke nga filozofët grekë dhe filozofë islamikë me ndikim helen),<sup id="cite_ref-Haskins_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haskins-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sarton_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sarton-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Burnett_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burnett-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dhe Rilindja italiane si studiues grekë që ikën nga rënia e Perandorisë Bizantine pas pushtimit osman të Kostandinopojës sollën tradita dhe filozofi klasike. Ky ndryshim i madh për vendet joperëndimore dhe njerëzit e tyre pa një zhvillim të modernizimit në ato vende. Krishterimi mesjetar i atribuohet krijimit të universitetit modern,<sup id="cite_ref-Rüegg,_Walter_1992_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rüegg,_Walter_1992-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-harnvb|Verger|1999_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harnvb|Verger|1999-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sistemit modern spitalor, ekonomisë shkencore dhe ligjit natyror (që më vonë do të ndikonte në krijimin e ligjit ndërkombëtar). Krishterimi luajti një rol në përfundimin e praktikave të zakonshme midis paganëve evropianë në atë kohë, të tilla si sakrifica njerëzore dhe vrasja e foshnjave.<sup id="cite_ref-Hastings,_p._309_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hastings,_p._309-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kultura evropiane u zhvillua me një gamë komplekse të filozofisë, skolasticizmit mesjetar, misticizmit dhe humanizmit të krishterë e laik.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mendimi racional u zhvillua gjatë një epoke të gjatë ndryshimi dhe formimi, me eksperimentet e Iluminizmit dhe përparimet në shkenca. Tendencat që kanë arritur të përcaktojnë shoqëritë moderne perëndimore përfshijnë konceptin e pluralizmit politik, individualizmit, nënkulturave ose kundërkulturave të spikatura (siç janë lëvizjet e Epokës së Re) dhe sinkretizmin kulturor në rritje që rezulton nga globalizimi dhe migrimi njerëzor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shiko_edhe">Shiko edhe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kultura_per%C3%ABndimore&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redakto pjesën: Shiko edhe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kultura_per%C3%ABndimore&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Shiko edhe"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kultura_n%C3%AB_Evrop%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kultura në Evropë">Kultura në Evropë</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referime">Referime</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kultura_per%C3%ABndimore&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Redakto pjesën: Referime" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>Redakto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kultura_per%C3%ABndimore&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Referime"><span>Redakto nëpërmjet kodit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2706204">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFDr._Sanjay_Kumar2021" class="citation book cs1">Dr. Sanjay Kumar (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iGc9EAAAQBAJ"><i>A Handbook of Political Geography</i></a>. K.K. Publications. fq. 127.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Handbook+of+Political+Geography&rft.pages=127&rft.pub=K.K.+Publications&rft.date=2021&rft.au=Dr.+Sanjay+Kumar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiGc9EAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AKultura+per%C3%ABndimore" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_book" title="Stampa:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PerryChase2012-2"><a href="#cite_ref-PerryChase2012_2-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFPerryChaseJacobJacob2012" class="citation book cs1">Perry, Marvin; Chase, Myrna; Jacob, James; Jacob, Margaret; Von Laue, Theodore H. (1 janar 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_2901111831690/page/n27/mode/2up"><i>Western Civilization: Since 1400</i></a>. Cengage Learning. fq. XXIX. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-1-111-83169-1" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-1-111-83169-1"><bdi>978-1-111-83169-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Western+Civilization%3A+Since+1400&rft.pages=XXIX&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft.isbn=978-1-111-83169-1&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=Marvin&rft.au=Chase%2C+Myrna&rft.au=Jacob%2C+James&rft.au=Jacob%2C+Margaret&rft.au=Von+Laue%2C+Theodore+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_2901111831690%2Fpage%2Fn27%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AKultura+per%C3%ABndimore" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_book" title="Stampa:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Green-3"><a href="#cite_ref-Green_3-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Green, Peter. <i>Alexander to Actium: The Historical Evolution of the Hellenistic Age</i>. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFRusso2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucio_Russo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucio Russo (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Russo, Lucio</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/forgottenrevolut0000russ"><i>The Forgotten Revolution: How Science Was Born in 300 BC and Why It Had To Be Reborn</i></a>. Berlin: Springer. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/3-540-20396-6" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/3-540-20396-6"><bdi>3-540-20396-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Forgotten+Revolution%3A+How+Science+Was+Born+in+300+BC+and+Why+It+Had+To+Be+Reborn&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=3-540-20396-6&rft.aulast=Russo&rft.aufirst=Lucio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fforgottenrevolut0000russ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AKultura+per%C3%ABndimore" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_book" title="Stampa:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Daly2013-5"><a href="#cite_ref-Daly2013_5-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFJonathan_Daly2013" class="citation book cs1">Jonathan Daly (19 dhjetor 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9aZPAQAAQBAJ"><i>The Rise of Western Power: A Comparative History of Western Civilization</i></a>. A&C Black. fq. 7–9. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-1-4411-1851-6" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-1-4411-1851-6"><bdi>978-1-4411-1851-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+Western+Power%3A+A+Comparative+History+of+Western+Civilization&rft.pages=7-9&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2013-12-19&rft.isbn=978-1-4411-1851-6&rft.au=Jonathan+Daly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9aZPAQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AKultura+per%C3%ABndimore" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_book" title="Stampa:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFNoble2013" class="citation book cs1">Noble, Thomas F. X. (1 janar 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/westerncivilizat0000nobl_u9l2"><i>Western civilization : beyond boundaries</i></a> (bot. 7th). Boston, MA. fq. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/westerncivilizat0000nobl_u9l2/page/107">107</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-1-133-60271-2" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-1-133-60271-2"><bdi>978-1-133-60271-2</bdi></a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:OCLC_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/858610469">858610469</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Western+civilization+%3A+beyond+boundaries&rft.place=Boston%2C+MA&rft.pages=107&rft.edition=7th&rft.date=2013-01-01&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F858610469&rft.isbn=978-1-133-60271-2&rft.aulast=Noble&rft.aufirst=Thomas+F.+X.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwesterncivilizat0000nobl_u9l2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AKultura+per%C3%ABndimore" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_book" title="Stampa:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">Mirëmbajtja CS1: Mungon shtëpia botuese te vendodhja (<a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Mir%C3%ABmbajtja_CS1:_Mungon_sht%C3%ABpia_botuese_te_vendodhja" title="Kategoria:Mirëmbajtja CS1: Mungon shtëpia botuese te vendodhja">lidhja</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFMarvin_PerryMyrna_ChaseJames_JacobMargaret_Jacob2015" class="citation book cs1">Marvin Perry; Myrna Chase; James Jacob; Margaret Jacob; Jonathan W Daly (2015). <i>Western Civilization: Ideas, Politics, and Society, Volume I: To 1789</i>. Cengage Learning. fq. 105. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-1-305-44548-2" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-1-305-44548-2"><bdi>978-1-305-44548-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Western+Civilization%3A+Ideas%2C+Politics%2C+and+Society%2C+Volume+I%3A+To+1789&rft.pages=105&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-305-44548-2&rft.au=Marvin+Perry&rft.au=Myrna+Chase&rft.au=James+Jacob&rft.au=Margaret+Jacob&rft.au=Jonathan+W+Daly&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AKultura+per%C3%ABndimore" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_book" title="Stampa:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFHengel2003" class="citation book cs1">Hengel, Martin (2003). <i>Judaism and Hellenism : studies in their encounter in Palestine during the early Hellenistic period</i>. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock Publishers. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-1-59244-186-0" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-1-59244-186-0"><bdi>978-1-59244-186-0</bdi></a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:OCLC_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/52605048">52605048</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Judaism+and+Hellenism+%3A+studies+in+their+encounter+in+Palestine+during+the+early+Hellenistic+period&rft.place=Eugene%2C+OR&rft.pub=Wipf+%26+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52605048&rft.isbn=978-1-59244-186-0&rft.aulast=Hengel&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AKultura+per%C3%ABndimore" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_book" title="Stampa:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFPorter2013" class="citation book cs1">Porter, Stanley E. (2013). <i>Early Christianity in its Hellenistic context. Volume 2, Christian origins and Hellenistic Judaism : social and literary contexts for the New Testament</i>. Leiden: Brill. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-9004234765" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-9004234765"><bdi>978-9004234765</bdi></a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:OCLC_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/851653645">851653645</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Christianity+in+its+Hellenistic+context.+Volume+2%2C+Christian+origins+and+Hellenistic+Judaism+%3A+social+and+literary+contexts+for+the+New+Testament&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F851653645&rft.isbn=978-9004234765&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Stanley+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AKultura+per%C3%ABndimore" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Cite_book" title="Stampa:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haskins-10"><a href="#cite_ref-Haskins_10-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2706204"><cite id="CITEREFHaskins1927" class="citation cs2">Haskins, Charles Homer (1927), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/renaissanceoftw00char"><i>The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century</i></a>, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:ISBN_(identifier)" class="extiw" title="w:en:ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-0-6747-6075-2" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/978-0-6747-6075-2"><bdi>978-0-6747-6075-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Renaissance+of+the+Twelfth+Century&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1927&rft.isbn=978-0-6747-6075-2&rft.aulast=Haskins&rft.aufirst=Charles+Homer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frenaissanceoftw00char&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsq.wikipedia.org%3AKultura+per%C3%ABndimore" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Stampa:Citation" title="Stampa:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Mungon ose është bosh parametri <code class="cs1-code">|language=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Gabimet_CS1#language_missing" title="Ndihmë:Gabimet CS1">Ndihmë!</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sarton-11"><a href="#cite_ref-Sarton_11-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="//archive.org/details/guidetohistoryof00sart" class="extiw" title="iarchive:guidetohistoryof00sart">George Sarton: <i>A Guide to the History of Science</i></a> Waltham Mass. U.S.A. 1952</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burnett-12"><a href="#cite_ref-Burnett_12-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Burnett, Charles. "The Coherence of the Arabic-Latin Translation Program in Toledo in the Twelfth Century," <i>Science in Context</i>, 14 (2001): 249–288.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rüegg,_Walter_1992-13"><a href="#cite_ref-Rüegg,_Walter_1992_13-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Rüegg, Walter: "Foreword. The University as a European Institution", in: <i>A History of the University in Europe. Vol. 1: Universities in the Middle Ages</i>, Cambridge University Press, 1992, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/0-521-36105-2" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/0-521-36105-2">0-521-36105-2</a>, pp. xix–xx</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-harnvb|Verger|1999-14"><a href="#cite_ref-harnvb|Verger|1999_14-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stampa:Harnvb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stampa:Harnvb (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Stampa:Harnvb</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hastings,_p._309-15"><a href="#cite_ref-Hastings,_p._309_15-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Hastings, p. 309.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Sailen Debnath, 2010, "Secularism: Western and Indian," New Delhi, India:Atlantic Publishers & Distributors, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:BurimetELibrave/8126913665" title="Speciale:BurimetELibrave/8126913665">8126913665</a>.<a href="/w/index.php?title=Stampa:Page_needed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stampa:Page needed (nuk është shkruar akoma)">Stampa:Page needed</a></span> </li> </ol></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Marrë nga "<a dir="ltr" href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kultura_perëndimore&oldid=2631824">https://sq.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kultura_perëndimore&oldid=2631824</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:Kategorit%C3%AB" title="Speciale:Kategoritë">Kategoritë</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Kultura_per%C3%ABndimore" title="Kategoria:Kultura perëndimore">Kultura perëndimore</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Kultur%C3%AB" title="Kategoria:Kulturë">Kulturë</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Gabime_CS1:_Mungon_parametri_i_gjuh%C3%ABs" title="Kategoria:Gabime CS1: Mungon parametri i gjuhës">Gabime CS1: Mungon parametri i gjuhës</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori e fshehur: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Mir%C3%ABmbajtja_CS1:_Mungon_sht%C3%ABpia_botuese_te_vendodhja" title="Kategoria:Mirëmbajtja CS1: Mungon shtëpia botuese te vendodhja">Mirëmbajtja CS1: Mungon shtëpia botuese te vendodhja</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Kjo faqe është redaktuar për herë te fundit më 27 dhjetor 2023, në orën 22:43.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Të gjitha materialet që gjenden në këtë faqë janë të mbrojtura nga <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License</a>;. 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