Key Engineering Materials Vol. 966

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="iv" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="description" content="This special issue is fully dedicated to the recent achievements in the development of modern welding technologies and will be helpful to a wide range of specialists in the field of modern machinery." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.scientific.net/KEM.966" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Key Engineering Materials Vol. 966 | Scientific.Net" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.scientific.net/KEM.966" /> <meta property="og:image" content="/Content/app/scinet5/images/metadata_logo.png" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="261" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="260" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="Scientific.Net Logo" /> <title>Key Engineering Materials Vol. 966 | Scientific.Net</title> <link href="/Content/app/scinet5/images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /> <link href="/Content/public.min.css?v=cDLnZ3YA6cfiZP7BySDRmdCXis5ooi759DeeBZ1J5CM" rel="stylesheet" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.google-analytics.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.gstatic.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.googletagmanager.com"> <link rel="icon" href="/Content/app/scinet5/images/favicon.ico"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/Content/app/scinet5/images/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans+Condensed:300,700%7COpen+Sans:300i,400,400i,600,600i,700&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">    <script> (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-T3VDKWV');</script>  </head> <body> <noscript>  <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-T3VDKWV" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript> <div class="sc-content-container"> <div class="sc-content"> <div class="header-menu-container"> <div class="identity-menu-container header-menu-container-not-logged-in"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <ul class="role-menu"> <li class="user-menu between normal-user-menu"> <div class="hdivider-100"></div> <div class="cart-info"> <a href="https://main.scientific.net/Payment/Cart"> <i class="inline-icon cart-icon-white"></i> <span id="cartInfoTotalItemsCount"></span> </a> </div> <div class="user-menu-login-or-register"> <a href="https://main.scientific.net/Account/Registration?ReturnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FKEM.966" rel="nofollow"> Registration </a> <a href="https://main.scientific.net/Account/Login?ReturnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FKEM.966" rel="nofollow"> Log In </a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="header-fluid"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="block-header"> <div class="logo-block"> <a href="/" class="application-logo inline-icon logo-icon"></a> <div class="burger-menu-button visible-xs"> <div class="hamburger-box"> <div class="hamburger-inner"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-and-search-block"> <div class="burger-menu"> <nav class="burger-menu-items"> <div class="public-menu"> <ul> <li><a href="/ForLibraries">For Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/ForPublication/Paper">For Publication</a></li> <li><a href="/open-access-partners">Open Access</a></li> <li><a href="/DocuCenter">Downloads</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/AboutUs">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/Contacts">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> <div class="header-menu-top"> <div class="header-menu-list"> <a href="/ForLibraries">For Libraries</a> <a href="/ForPublication/Paper">For Publication</a> <a href="/open-access-partners">Open Access</a> <a href="/DocuCenter">Downloads</a> <a href="/Home/AboutUs">About Us</a> <a href="/Home/Contacts">Contact Us</a> </div> </div> <div class="search-block"> <input class="search-control" type="search" placeholder="Search" data-url="/Search"> <button class="button button-95 button-grey search-btn button-simple"> <span class="hidden-xs">Search</span> <i class="inline-icon search-icon-grey visible-xs"></i> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="banner-new"></div> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="container"> <div class="row content-container"> <div class="left-content col-md-4 col-sm-5"> <div class="left-content-first-line icon-container mobile-collapse-button"> <div class="page-name-block underline-begin sibling-name-block"> <div class="page-name-block-text"> Volumes <a class="left-content-expand-button"><i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black no-hover-icon on-focus-arrow-down-black"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row mobile-collapse-content"> <a href="/KEM.972" class="normal-large-text icon-container"> <div class="element-list"> <div class="element-list-text"> Key Engineering Materials <br /> <span class="paper-volume-number">Vol. 972</span> </div> <div class="element-list-arrow"> <i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black no-focus-icon on-hover-arrow-left-red"></i> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/KEM.971" class="normal-large-text icon-container"> <div class="element-list"> <div class="element-list-text"> Key Engineering Materials <br /> <span class="paper-volume-number">Vol. 971</span> </div> <div class="element-list-arrow"> <i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black no-focus-icon on-hover-arrow-left-red"></i> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/KEM.970" class="normal-large-text icon-container"> <div class="element-list"> <div class="element-list-text"> Key Engineering Materials <br /> <span class="paper-volume-number">Vol. 970</span> </div> <div class="element-list-arrow"> <i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black no-focus-icon on-hover-arrow-left-red"></i> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/KEM.969" class="normal-large-text icon-container"> <div class="element-list"> <div class="element-list-text"> Key Engineering Materials <br /> <span class="paper-volume-number">Vol. 969</span> </div> <div class="element-list-arrow"> <i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black no-focus-icon on-hover-arrow-left-red"></i> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/KEM.968" class="normal-large-text icon-container"> <div class="element-list"> <div class="element-list-text"> Key Engineering Materials <br /> <span class="paper-volume-number">Vol. 968</span> </div> <div class="element-list-arrow"> <i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black no-focus-icon on-hover-arrow-left-red"></i> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/KEM.967" class="normal-large-text icon-container"> <div class="element-list"> <div class="element-list-text"> Key Engineering Materials <br /> <span class="paper-volume-number">Vol. 967</span> </div> <div class="element-list-arrow"> <i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black no-focus-icon on-hover-arrow-left-red"></i> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/KEM.966" class="normal-large-text icon-container active-element active"> <div class="element-list"> <div class="element-list-text"> Key Engineering Materials <br /> <span class="paper-volume-number">Vol. 966</span> </div> <div class="element-list-arrow"> <i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black no-focus-icon on-hover-arrow-left-red"></i> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/KEM.965" class="normal-large-text icon-container"> <div class="element-list"> <div class="element-list-text"> Key Engineering Materials <br /> <span class="paper-volume-number">Vol. 965</span> </div> <div class="element-list-arrow"> <i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black no-focus-icon on-hover-arrow-left-red"></i> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/KEM.964" class="normal-large-text icon-container"> <div class="element-list"> <div class="element-list-text"> Key Engineering Materials <br /> <span class="paper-volume-number">Vol. 964</span> </div> <div class="element-list-arrow"> <i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black no-focus-icon on-hover-arrow-left-red"></i> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/KEM.963" class="normal-large-text icon-container"> <div class="element-list"> <div class="element-list-text"> Key Engineering Materials <br /> <span class="paper-volume-number">Vol. 963</span> </div> <div class="element-list-arrow"> <i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black no-focus-icon on-hover-arrow-left-red"></i> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/KEM.962" class="normal-large-text icon-container"> <div class="element-list"> <div class="element-list-text"> Key Engineering Materials <br /> <span class="paper-volume-number">Vol. 962</span> </div> <div class="element-list-arrow"> <i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black no-focus-icon on-hover-arrow-left-red"></i> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/KEM.961" class="normal-large-text icon-container"> <div class="element-list"> <div class="element-list-text"> Key Engineering Materials <br /> <span class="paper-volume-number">Vol. 961</span> </div> <div class="element-list-arrow"> <i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black no-focus-icon on-hover-arrow-left-red"></i> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/KEM.960" class="normal-large-text icon-container"> <div class="element-list"> <div class="element-list-text"> Key Engineering Materials <br /> <span class="paper-volume-number">Vol. 960</span> </div> <div class="element-list-arrow"> <i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black no-focus-icon on-hover-arrow-left-red"></i> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="right-content col-md-8 col-sm-7 col-xs-12"> <div class="bread-crumbs hidden-xs"> <a class="bread-crumbs-first" href="/">Home</a><i class="inline-icon arrow-breadcrumbs"></i><a class="bread-crumbs-first" href="/KEM">Key Engineering Materials</a><i class="inline-icon arrow-breadcrumbs"></i><span class="bread-crumbs-second">Key Engineering Materials Vol. 966</span></div> <div class="page-name-block underline-begin"> <h1 class="page-name-block-text">Key Engineering Materials Vol. 966</h1> </div> <div class="clearfix title-details"> <div class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>DOI:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.4028/v-FxQ1GZ">https://doi.org/10.4028/v-FxQ1GZ</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="titleMarcXmlLink" style="display: none" class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>Export:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <p><a href="/KEM.966/marc.xml">MARCXML</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>ToC:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <p><a href="/KEM.966_toc.pdf">Table of Contents</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="volume-tabs"> </div> <div class=""> <div class="volume-papers-page"> <div class="block-search-pagination clearfix"> <div class="block-search-volume"> <input id="paper-search" type="search" placeholder="Search" maxlength="65"> </div> <div class="pagination-container"><ul class="pagination"><li class="active"><span>1</span></li><li><a href="/KEM.966/2">2</a></li><li class="PagedList-skipToNext"><a href="/KEM.966/2" rel="next">></a></li></ul></div> </div> <div class="block-volume-title normal-text-gray"> <p> Paper Title <span>Page</span> </p> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/KEM.966.-1">Preface</a> </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/KEM.966.1">Effect of Ferrite/Austenite Phase Transformation on 475 °C Embrittlement in Duplex Stainless Steel Weld</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Kazuyoshi Saida, Shotaro Yamashita, Hiroyuki Hirata </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock596656" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: The change in hardness due to 475°C embrittlement was investigated in the melt-run GTA welds of type 329J4L duplex stainless steel. A ferritic phase was hardened with ageing at 673-773K due to the phase decomposition into Fe-rich and Cr-rich phases, while an austenitic phase was barely hardened with ageing. Hardness in a ferritic phase was rapidly increased with ageing in the base metal (BM) region, and the hardening rate was reduced in the order of BM, weld metal (WM) and heat affected zone (HAZ). The ferrite/austenite fractions in HAZ and WM were higher than that in BM, furthermore, Cr content in a ferritic phase was lowered and Ni content in it was contrarily heightened in the same order of BM, WM and HAZ. A computed phase diagram suggested that the chemical composition of a ferritic phase in each region was located in the nucleation/growth region not spinodal decomposition region, which was situated between the spinodal and binodal lines. Computer simulation of phase decomposition phenomena in a ferritic phase using phase field model revealed that phase decomposition was accelerated with an increase in Cr content and a decrease in Ni content. It followed that Cr would enhance the 475°C embrittlement and Ni would inhibit it, because of the increased/decreased driving force of the phase decomposition. The difference in 475°C embrittlement behaviour at each region could be attributed to the difference in the chemical composition of a ferritic phase caused by the ferrite/austenite phase transformation during welding. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock596656', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 1 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/KEM.966.11">Effect of High-Temperature Tempering on Microstructure and Mechanical Strength of Laser-Welded Joints between Medium-Mn Stainless Steel and High-Strength Carbon Steel</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Atef S. Hamada, Sumit Ghosh, Mohammed Ali, Matias Jaskari, Antti Järvenpää </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock600057" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: The strengthening effect due to high-temperature tempering (HTT) at 700 °C on the microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joints between medium-Mn stainless steel (MMnSS) and high-strength carbon steel (CS) was studied. The microstructure of the weldments was investigated using Laser and scanning electron microscopes. An Electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) was used to assess quantitatively the elemental distribution profiles of alloying elements within the weld zone. The strengthening precipitates induced during welding and HTT were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Uniaxial tensile tests and microindentation hardness (H<sub>IT</sub>) measurements of the weld joints were conducted to evaluate the strengthening effect. Fully fresh-martensite and fine-tempered martensitic structures were promoted in the as-weld and HTT processes, respectively. The HTT structure exhibited a remarkable improvement in mechanical properties (a better combination of yield and tensile strength together with moderate ductility) compared to its weld counterpart. TEM investigation revealed that various types of precipitates have been promoted in the structures of the weld and HTT, e.g., nanosized vanadium and chromium carbides. It is apparent that the proposed HTT of the joints is an effective treatment for improving the mechanical properties due to inducing the formation of fine interphase precipitates, resulting in enhanced mechanical strength of the joints. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock600057', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 11 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/KEM.966.19">Experience in the Fabrication of Tube Grade 7CrMoVTiB10-10 with Inconel 625 Weld Overlay for Use in Steam Superheaters Exposed to Highly Corrosive Environments</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Miachal Urzynicok, Hanna Purzynska, Krzysztof Kwiecinski </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock598538" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: Problems with corrosion in boilers and their parts can be solved by the application of different nickel alloys like 622, 625 or 686 by a variety of welding processes. This solution is used mostly in Waste-to-Energy plants or biomass stations burning waste wood, but it can also be found in the recovery boilers used in the paper industry. The most common material grades include low alloyed boiler steels like 16Mo3, 13CrMo4-5 and 10CrMo9-10. When there is a need to increase steam temperature and pressure more complicated alloys to become a natural choice. This paper focuses on the fabrication experience of welding of 7CrMoVTiB10-10 base tube with Inconel 625 weld overlay and presents a welding solution of matching filler metal used for root pass and S Ni 6625 filler metal for a fill-up and the cap performing a full strength weld without the need of overlay peeling and manual tie-in overlay. This method of welding saves a lot of time during execution in the workshop and on-site during installation and assures much better quality in the end. All examinations were performed to allow welding procedure qualification according to ASME and EN standards. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock598538', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 19 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/KEM.966.25">Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of A6061/GA980 Resistance Spot Weld</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Toshiki Nonomura, Tsuyoshi Kosaka, Tatsuya Kobayashi, Ikuo Shohji, Muneyoshi Iyota </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock601553" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: Resistance spot welding was performed on steel and an Al alloy to investigate the microstructural and mechanical properties of the joint. An Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy A6061 and an alloyed zinc-plated steel sheet GA980 were used as specimens. Resistance spot welding was performed at welding currents of 16 kA, 20 kA, and 22 kA, welding time of 0.24 s, and welding pressure of 5 kN. To investigate the strength of the welds, the tensile shear test and the cross tension test were conducted, and the fatigue test was also conducted. The nugget diameter increased with an increase in the welding current. The tensile shear strength and cross tension strength increased with the increase in the welding current. In the tensile shear fatigue test, interface fracture was observed in the low cycle fatigue region. In the cross tension fatigue test, it was confirmed that the higher the welding current, the better the fatigue properties in the low-cycle fatigue region. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock601553', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 25 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/KEM.966.31">High Energy Density Welding of IN792 Ds Superalloy</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Giuseppe Barbieri, Francesco Cognini, Chiara de Crescenzo, Alessandra Fava, Massimo Moncada, Roberto Montanari, Maria Richetta, Alessandra Varone </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock601568" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: Ni base superalloys are commonly employed in the industrial fields of aerospace, automotive and energy production due to their excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance at high temperature. Superficial defects and cracks may occur during both manufacturing process of components and their service life. High energy density welding techniques, electron beam (EBW) and laser beam (LBW) welding, can be used to create efficient repairs. Joints, obtained by EBW and LBW of IN792 directionally solidified (DS) superalloy, have been investigated to determine the presence of defects, and evaluate the mechanical properties related to specific microstructural features. The results showed that a pre-heating temperature (PHT) higher than 200 °C is always necessary to prevent the formation of hot cracks in the molten zone (MZ) and heat affected zone (HAZ). The process parameters have been optimized to get a good quality of the seams (lack of macro-defects, a good penetration depth and width). Some preliminary test of post-welding heat treatments (PWHTs) have been investigated to homogenize as far as possible the microstructure and the mechanical properties across the seams. The results obtained by the two techniques, EBW and LBW, have been compared and discussed. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock601568', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 31 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/KEM.966.37">Effect of Cold Rolling on Bonding Interface of C1020/A1050 Butt Joints by Friction Stir Welding</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Toru Nagaoka, Mari Tada, Tomohisa Hagino, Chisa Okada, Masahiro Ando, Tetsuji Miwa </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock601764" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: This study utilized friction stir welding for butt joining of A1050 and C1020 plates, investigating the effects of cold rolling and annealing on the structure of the bonding interface and the hardness of the materials. The experiments revealed successful joint formation with minimized copper dispersion in aluminum and the formation of intermetallic compounds. Cold rolling resulted in increased hardness without significant crack propagation along the bonding interface. Annealing effectively reduced the difference in hardness, indicating that copper recrystallizes earlier than aluminum. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock601764', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 37 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/KEM.966.43">High-Speed Laser Beam Welding of Magnesium Alloy AZ31 for Enhancing the Mechanical Properties</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Stefan Riekehr, Nowfal Al-Hamdany, Volker Ventzke, German Rudenko, Nikolai Kashaev </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock601780" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: Laser beam welding is still the focus of research all over the world since new laser sources with more brilliance, higher power, or higher efficiency are being developed. High brilliance leads to thinner fibers when solid-state lasers are used. For welding applications, a thin beam, respective a small focus spot is recommended for low heat input resulting in less deformation. The edge preparation of the welding pieces must be as accurate as possible, and a zero gap is recommended. In earlier research, it was shown, that the gap bridging capacity could be enhanced by the wobbling of small focus spots, as well as refining the grain size in the weld zone by decreasing the focus diameter. Inventions in the optics, like the beam splitting into a core and a ring part, avoid the use of a scanner and can lead to better gap bridging. Nevertheless, the use of a brilliant beam, resulting in a small focus in combination with high power can result in very high welding velocities, just limited by the used machinery. In the present study, a disk laser with 4 kW maximum power and 100 μm focus spot was used to weld 2 mm thick magnesium AZ31 sheets at speeds up to 20 m/min. As expected, the seam width becomes smaller with raising velocity, and some underfill and access material occurred on the surface and the root of the welded sheets. Surprisingly, the texture of the weld seam changed from random at low velocity to a more pronounced texture at high speed with respect to the basal texture of the plate base material. This influences the mechanical behavior, namely the strain to fracture, of the welded joints positively. The high-speed weldments are compared to state-of-the-art weldments of magnesium AZ31, in terms of mechanical strength and elongation to fracture, based on the texture analysis. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock601780', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 43 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/KEM.966.49">Friction Stir Welding of Various Aluminium Alloys to Titanium</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: Sebastian Felix Grassel, Luciano Bergmann, Benjamin Klusemann </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock601811" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: Aluminium and titanium are currently in demand as lightweight materials. However, their combination is challenging due to their significantly different thermo-mechanical properties. Here, solid-state joining processes such as Friction Stir Welding open up new opportunities. Within this study, four commercial aluminium alloys (AA2024, AA5754, AA6056 and AA7050) were welded to Ti6Al4V. The results show a direct relationship between the solidus temperature of the aluminium alloys, the process temperature, energy input and resulting lap-shear strength. Regardless of the process parameters, AA5754 and AA6056 with higher solidus temperatures (600 °C and 555 °C) show superior bonding strength compared to AA2024 and AA7050, having a lower solidus temperature of 500 °C and 490 °C, respectively. Therefore, it is assumed that the maximum process temperature, proportional to the solidus temperature, has a major influence on the bonding. This, conversely, would imply that there is a physical limitation in the achievable joint strength between aluminium and titanium alloys as the required process temperature would exceed the solidus temperature of certain alloys. This assumption is verified for AA7050 by systematic variation of the rotation speed and therefore process temperature. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock601811', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 49 </div> </div> <div class="item-block"> <div class="item-link"> <a href="/KEM.966.55">Solute Enrichment in the Fusion Zone during Resistance Spot Welding of a Third Generation Advanced High Strength Steel</a> </div> <div class="item-link volume-authors"> <div class="semibold-middle-text"> Authors: David Marshall, Caleb Schenck, Lydia Hines, John G. Speer </div> </div> <div id="abstractTextBlock601841" class="volume-info volume-info-text volume-info-description"> Abstract: Resistance spot welding is a critical joining technique in automobile assembly. The load carrying properties of spot welds are generally accepted to correlate with weld diameter, which increases with increasing weld current or duration. The formation of a softened layer, or weld halo, surrounding the fusion zone in a spot-welded third generation (Gen3) advanced high strength steel (AHSS) was recently reported in the literature. To optimize weld performance by schedule design, it is necessary to understand the halo formation characteristics and potential impacts. Accordingly, welding of a Gen3 AHSS was performed using weld times between 130 – 1300 ms. Microhardness mapping characterized weld microhardness and the evolution of the halo during welding. Electron probe microanalysis and timeof-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry enabled measurement of solute distributions through the weld halo, while scanning electron microscopy was used for microstructural characterization. The solidified structure was examined using light-optical microscopy, and with the microhardness and compositional data, used to infer the mechanism by which the halo forms during welding. It was found that the halo develops due to solute rejection from a cellular solidification front that advances towards the center of the fusion zone while weld current is applied. Extended weld times increase the size of the weld halo and the solute content of the inner fusion zone. The decrease in weld halo microhardness and the increase in inner fusion zone microhardness is largely explained by the changes in local carbon content associated with halo formation. </div> <div> <a data-readmore="{ block: '#abstractTextBlock601841', lines: 2, expandText: '...more', collapseText: '...less' }"></a> </div> <div class="page-number semibold-large-text"> 55 </div> </div> <div class="block-bottom-pagination"> <div class="pager-info"> <p>Showing 1 to 10 of 19 Paper Titles</p> </div> <div class="pagination-container"><ul class="pagination"><li class="active"><span>1</span></li><li><a href="/KEM.966/2">2</a></li><li class="PagedList-skipToNext"><a href="/KEM.966/2" rel="next">></a></li></ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="social-icon-popup"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/Scientific.Net.Ltd/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon facebook-popup-icon social-icon"></i></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/Scientific_Net/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon twitter-popup-icon social-icon"></i></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/scientificnet/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon linkedin-popup-icon social-icon"></i></a> </div> </div> <div class="sc-footer"> <div class="footer-fluid"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="footer-menu col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <ul class="list-inline menu-font"> <li><a href="/ForLibraries">For Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/ForPublication/Paper">For Publication</a></li> <li><a href="/insights" target="_blank">Insights</a></li> <li><a href="/DocuCenter">Downloads</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/AboutUs">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="/PolicyAndEthics/PublishingPolicies">Policy & Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/Contacts">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/Imprint">Imprint</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/PrivacyPolicy">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/Sitemap">Sitemap</a></li> <li><a href="/Conferences">All Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="/special-issues">All Special Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/news/all">All News</a></li> <li><a href="/open-access-partners">Open Access Partners</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="line-footer"></div> <div class="footer-fluid"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/Scientific.Net.Ltd/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon facebook-footer-icon social-icon"></i></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/Scientific_Net/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon twitter-footer-icon social-icon"></i></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/scientificnet/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon linkedin-footer-icon social-icon"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="line-footer"></div> <div class="footer-fluid"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 footer-copyright"> <p> © 2025 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. For open access content, terms of the Creative Commons licensing CC-BY are applied. <br />Scientific.Net is a registered trademark of Trans Tech Publications Ltd. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a class="scrollTop inline-icon scroll-top-icon" href="#" style="display: none"></a> </div> <script src="/Scripts/public.min.js?v=RxM_FbfHCcsoT4U-BoPCKYjCQ67x2cooj7su0mYkWQ4"></script> <script> $(function () { $("#paper-search").autocomplete({ minLength: 1, source: '/Title/Search?kurzel=KEM&volumeBegin=966&volumeEnd=966', delay: 200, select: function (event, ui) { window.location.href = ui.item.url; } }); }); </script> <script asp-render-component-scripts> $(function () { $.get("/Title/ShowMarcXmlLink") .done(function (showMarcXmlLink) { if (showMarcXmlLink) { $("#titleMarcXmlLink").show(); } }); }); Scinet.public = (function () { function loadCartInfo(onLoad) { var formatCartItemCount = function (count) { var format = (count > 1 || count === 0) ? "{0} items" : "{0} item"; $("#cartInfoTotalItemsCount").html(Scinet.stringFormat(format, count)); }, cookieCartItemCount = Cookies.get("Scinet5.CartItemsCount"); if (onLoad && cookieCartItemCount != null) { formatCartItemCount(parseInt(cookieCartItemCount, 10)); } else { $.ajax({ url: "/Cart/GetItemsCount", cache: false }) .done( function (count) { Cookies.set("Scinet5.CartItemsCount", count, { domain: ".scientific.net", secure: true }); formatCartItemCount(count); }); } } return { loadCartInfo: loadCartInfo }; })(); $(function () { Scinet.public.loadCartInfo(true); $("[data-add-book-to-cart]").on("click", function (e) { e.preventDefault(); var data = $(this).data("add-book-to-cart"); console.log(data); var url = "/Cart/AddBook"; $.post(url, data) .done( function () { Scinet.public.loadCartInfo(); $("#addToCart").modal(); }) .fail( function (xhr) { Scinet.error(xhr.responseText); }); }) }); </script> <script> var $buoop = { required: { e: 11, f: -6, o: -6, s: -3, c: -6 }, insecure: false, unsupported: false, api: 2019.11, reminder: 0, onshow: function () { window.browserUpdateOutdated = true; } }; function $buo_f() { var e = document.createElement("script"); e.src = "//browser-update.org/update.min.js"; document.body.appendChild(e); }; try { document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", $buo_f, false) } catch (e) { window.attachEvent("onload", $buo_f) } </script>   </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Key Engineering Materials Vol. 966 | Scientific.Net