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循環する放射能東京電力福島第一原発事故の生態系への影響</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">このレポートでは、過去5年間に東京電力福島第一原発事故の影響を受けた地域で実施された多数の調査の結果に基づき、2011年3月に起きた同事故の結果として現在生じている生態学的状況を明らかにする。これは福島県の森林、河川、氾濫原、河口域の放射能汚染に関して現時点で判明していることを記録にとどめようとする試みである。福島県と全国の環境に放出された放射性核種の半減期の長さを考えれば、それが生態系に与える影響を理解することは不可欠である。... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29907142" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">このレポートでは、過去5年間に東京電力福島第<br />一原発事故の影響を受けた地域で実施された多数<br />の調査の結果に基づき、2011年3月に起きた同<br />事故の結果として現在生じている生態学的状況を<br />明らかにする。これは福島県の森林、河川、氾濫<br />原、河口域の放射能汚染に関して現時点で判明し<br />ていることを記録にとどめようとする試みであ<br />る。福島県と全国の環境に放出された放射性核種<br />の半減期の長さを考えれば、それが生態系に与え<br />る影響を理解することは不可欠である。<br />また、このレポートでは、日本の今後数年、数十<br />年間について予測されることに関する洞察を提供<br />するために、キシュテムとチェルノブイリの放射<br />能事故で深刻な汚染を受けた森林・水生生態系の<br />研究を参考にした。</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29907142" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="78b4c500109c037f1dd4f4a99f6d8128" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50369352,"asset_id":29907142,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50369352/download_file?st=MTc0MDMwMTg5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa 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循環する放射能東京電力福島第一原発事故の生態系への影響","created_at":"2016-11-17T01:31:12.413-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29907142/_Japanese_Translation_Radiation_Reloaded_%E5%BE%AA%E7%92%B0%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E8%83%BD_%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%9B%BB%E5%8A%9B%E7%A6%8F%E5%B3%B6%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%8E%9F%E7%99%BA%E4%BA%8B%E6%95%85%E3%81%AE%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E7%B3%BB%E3%81%B8%E3%81%AE%E5%BD%B1%E9%9F%BF?f_ri=7987","dom_id":"work_29907142","summary":"このレポートでは、過去5年間に東京電力福島第\n一原発事故の影響を受けた地域で実施された多数\nの調査の結果に基づき、2011年3月に起きた同\n事故の結果として現在生じている生態学的状況を\n明らかにする。これは福島県の森林、河川、氾濫\n原、河口域の放射能汚染に関して現時点で判明し\nていることを記録にとどめようとする試みであ\nる。福島県と全国の環境に放出された放射性核種\nの半減期の長さを考えれば、それが生態系に与え\nる影響を理解することは不可欠である。\nまた、このレポートでは、日本の今後数年、数十\n年間について予測されることに関する洞察を提供\nするために、キシュテムとチェルノブイリの放射\n能事故で深刻な汚染を受けた森林・水生生態系の\n研究を参考にした。","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50369352,"asset_id":29907142,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42113243,"first_name":"Kendra","last_name":"Ulrich","domain_name":"greenpeace","page_name":"KendraUlrich","display_name":"Kendra 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class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_58214227" data-work_id="58214227" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/58214227/Non_linear_phenomena_in_biological_findings_of_the_residents_of_high_background_radiation_areas_of_Ramsar">Non-linear phenomena in biological findings of the residents of high background radiation areas of Ramsar</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Non-linear phenomena in biological findings of the residents of high background radiation areas of Ramsar background dose rates among the highest known in the world. As the biological effects of low doses of radiation are not fully... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_58214227" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Non-linear phenomena in biological findings of the residents of high background radiation areas of Ramsar background dose rates among the highest known in the world. As the biological effects of low doses of radiation are not fully understood (2, 3) , the current radiation protection recommendations are based on the predictions of an assumption on the linear non-threshold hypothesis (LNT) relationship between radiation dose and its carcinogenic effects (4, 5). Considering the LNT hypothesis as a scienti ic fact, there is a general belief that even low levels of radiation as well as exposures to natural</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/58214227" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="209596c4e7f71aaf2f56b9a27d3f2e2b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":72734006,"asset_id":58214227,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72734006/download_file?st=MTc0MDMwMTg5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="66834837" href="https://modares.academia.edu/HMozdarani">Hossein Mozdarani</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="66834837" type="text/json">{"id":66834837,"first_name":"Hossein","last_name":"Mozdarani","domain_name":"modares","page_name":"HMozdarani","display_name":"Hossein Mozdarani","profile_url":"https://modares.academia.edu/HMozdarani?f_ri=7987","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_58214227 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="58214227"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 58214227, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_58214227", }); 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As the biological effects of low doses of radiation are not fully understood (2, 3) , the current radiation protection recommendations are based on the predictions of an assumption on the linear non-threshold hypothesis (LNT) relationship between radiation dose and its carcinogenic effects (4, 5). 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Editorial</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The DoReMi Network of Excellence (2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015) was designed to promote the sustainable integration of low dose risk research in Europe, in order to facilitate efforts to resolve the key policy questions identified... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_47545764" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The DoReMi Network of Excellence (2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015) was designed to promote the sustainable integration of low dose risk research in Europe, in order to facilitate efforts to resolve the key policy questions identified by the 'High Level Expert Group (HLEG) on Low Dose Risk Research' (<a href="http://www.hleg.de" rel="nofollow">www.hleg.de</a>). These questions are the shape/s of cancer dose-risk relationship/s, variation in risk between individuals, differences in tissue sensitivities for cancer, effects of radiation quality, risks from internal exposures and the risks of non-cancer effects. The DoReMi project brought together 36 partner organizations from 16 countries in Europe and beyond.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/47545764" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3568473f9bea4257e6653ab281391ce6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66582907,"asset_id":47545764,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66582907/download_file?st=MTc0MDMwMTg5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31979556" href="https://stuk.academia.edu/SiskoSalomaa">Sisko Salomaa</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31979556" type="text/json">{"id":31979556,"first_name":"Sisko","last_name":"Salomaa","domain_name":"stuk","page_name":"SiskoSalomaa","display_name":"Sisko Salomaa","profile_url":"https://stuk.academia.edu/SiskoSalomaa?f_ri=7987","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_47545764 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="47545764"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 47545764, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_47545764", }); 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He is survived by three daughters and their families. His departure has brought end to an illustrious and inspiring chapter in the field of Life Sciences teaching and research,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69931107" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">(Imphal)] breathed his last on the 19th June 2017 in Delhi. He is survived by three daughters and their families. His departure has brought end to an illustrious and inspiring chapter in the field of Life Sciences teaching and research, particularly in the field of Radiation Biology, in India, for which he was conferred the FICCI Award (1984). He was a key player in the formulation and implementation of 'National Policy of Education (1986)' and the main proponent of concept of 'autonomous college' in India. He has been Fellow of all main academies of India, including the Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi, and many academies abroad. He has also been an elected General President of Indian Science Congress (1993). He was recipient of several academic laurels including the</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69931107" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7a34c689c21691908f063197d50d19fe" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79840830,"asset_id":69931107,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79840830/download_file?st=MTc0MDMwMTg5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="140027159" href="https://nehu.academia.edu/RSharan">Rajesh Sharan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="140027159" type="text/json">{"id":140027159,"first_name":"Rajesh","last_name":"Sharan","domain_name":"nehu","page_name":"RSharan","display_name":"Rajesh Sharan","profile_url":"https://nehu.academia.edu/RSharan?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/140027159/37718345/31814140/s65_rajesh.sharan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_69931107 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="69931107"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 69931107, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_69931107", }); 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He is survived by three daughters and their families. His departure has brought end to an illustrious and inspiring chapter in the field of Life Sciences teaching and research, particularly in the field of Radiation Biology, in India, for which he was conferred the FICCI Award (1984). He was a key player in the formulation and implementation of 'National Policy of Education (1986)' and the main proponent of concept of 'autonomous college' in India. He has been Fellow of all main academies of India, including the Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi, and many academies abroad. He has also been an elected General President of Indian Science Congress (1993). He was recipient of several academic laurels including the","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79840830,"asset_id":69931107,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":140027159,"first_name":"Rajesh","last_name":"Sharan","domain_name":"nehu","page_name":"RSharan","display_name":"Rajesh Sharan","profile_url":"https://nehu.academia.edu/RSharan?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/140027159/37718345/31814140/s65_rajesh.sharan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40358903" data-work_id="40358903" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40358903/Low_intensity_%CE%B3_Irradiation_Impact_on_Tradescantia_Clon_02_Stamen_Hair_Pink_Mutation_Frequency_upon_up_to_1_Gy_Dose_Irradiation">Low-intensity γ-Irradiation Impact on Tradescantia (Clon 02) Stamen Hair Pink Mutation Frequency upon up to 1 Gy Dose Irradiation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A characteristic feature of biological responses to low-dose γ-irradiation is the absence of the direct dependency of the values of the effects induced by this factor on the dose quantity. In the work presented we attempted to denote the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40358903" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A characteristic feature of biological responses to low-dose γ-irradiation is the absence of the direct dependency of the values of the effects induced by this factor on the dose quantity. In the work presented we attempted to denote the key dose levels for γirradiation in  up to 1 Gy range within which the genetic responses of Tradescantia (clon 02) test systems “pink somatic mutations” differ qualitatively from each other.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40358903" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f1601130d572449a9fe800d237b5123e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60605006,"asset_id":40358903,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60605006/download_file?st=MTc0MDMwMTg5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="126169838" href="https://independent.academia.edu/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE">Алексей Хомиченко</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="126169838" type="text/json">{"id":126169838,"first_name":"Алексей","last_name":"Хомиченко","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"АлексейХомиченко","display_name":"Алексей Хомиченко","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/126169838/32135522/29187543/s65__._.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40358903 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40358903"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40358903, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40358903", }); 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In the work presented we attempted to denote the key dose levels for γirradiation in up to 1 Gy range within which the genetic responses of Tradescantia (clon 02) test systems “pink somatic mutations” differ qualitatively from each other.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60605006,"asset_id":40358903,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":126169838,"first_name":"Алексей","last_name":"Хомиченко","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"АлексейХомиченко","display_name":"Алексей Хомиченко","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/126169838/32135522/29187543/s65__._.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5541,"name":"Plant Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":1206195,"name":"Gibberellic Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gibberellic_Acid?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":1266854,"name":"Radiation Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Genetics?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_72267702" data-work_id="72267702" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72267702/Radiation_Resistance_of_Cancer_Stem_Cells_The_4_Rs_of_Radiobiology_Revisited">Radiation Resistance of Cancer Stem Cells: The 4 R's of Radiobiology Revisited</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">There is compelling evidence that many solid cancers are organized hierarchically and contain a small population of cancer stem cells (CSCs). It seems reasonable to suggest that a cancer cure can be achieved only if this population is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72267702" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">There is compelling evidence that many solid cancers are organized hierarchically and contain a small population of cancer stem cells (CSCs). It seems reasonable to suggest that a cancer cure can be achieved only if this population is eliminated. Unfortunately, there is growing evidence that CSCs are inherently resistant to radiation, and perhaps other cancer therapies. In general, success or failure of standard clinical radiation treatment is determined by the 4 R&#39;s of radiobiology: repair of DNA damage, redistribution of cells in the cell cycle, repopulation, and reoxygenation of hypoxic tumor areas. We relate recent findings on CSCs to these four phenomena and discuss possible consequences.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72267702" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a98546181ae72556a047d7571480e2bd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81262521,"asset_id":72267702,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81262521/download_file?st=MTc0MDMwMTg5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27927786" href="https://ucla.academia.edu/WilliamMcbride">William Mcbride</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27927786" type="text/json">{"id":27927786,"first_name":"William","last_name":"Mcbride","domain_name":"ucla","page_name":"WilliamMcbride","display_name":"William Mcbride","profile_url":"https://ucla.academia.edu/WilliamMcbride?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27927786/9427768/10505681/s65_william.mcbride.jpg_oh_1186c8c2fd641c2af583cd2f658e3195_oe_55eb8c3b___gda___1443296211_850b281b81f186cb233c5935c6d8bb42"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72267702 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72267702"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72267702, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72267702", }); 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It seems reasonable to suggest that a cancer cure can be achieved only if this population is eliminated. Unfortunately, there is growing evidence that CSCs are inherently resistant to radiation, and perhaps other cancer therapies. In general, success or failure of standard clinical radiation treatment is determined by the 4 R\u0026#39;s of radiobiology: repair of DNA damage, redistribution of cells in the cell cycle, repopulation, and reoxygenation of hypoxic tumor areas. We relate recent findings on CSCs to these four phenomena and discuss possible consequences.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81262521,"asset_id":72267702,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27927786,"first_name":"William","last_name":"Mcbride","domain_name":"ucla","page_name":"WilliamMcbride","display_name":"William Mcbride","profile_url":"https://ucla.academia.edu/WilliamMcbride?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27927786/9427768/10505681/s65_william.mcbride.jpg_oh_1186c8c2fd641c2af583cd2f658e3195_oe_55eb8c3b___gda___1443296211_850b281b81f186cb233c5935c6d8bb42"}],"research_interests":[{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":3642,"name":"Stem 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Cell","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_Stem_Cell?f_ri=7987"},{"id":1159983,"name":"Radiation Tolerance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Tolerance?f_ri=7987"},{"id":1256747,"name":"Oxidation-Reduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxidation-Reduction?f_ri=7987"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=7987"},{"id":3881524,"name":"Neoplastic Stem Cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoplastic_Stem_Cells?f_ri=7987"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49499729" data-work_id="49499729" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" 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class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1167373/Life_in_the_Zone">Life in the Zone</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Searching for mutations in the heart of Chernobyl, site of history's worst nuclear disaster.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1167373" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="690fb7cc07606de3e10fab62f2f48b2f" rel="nofollow" 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$('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1167373]'), work: {"id":1167373,"title":"Life in the Zone","created_at":"2011-12-19T14:42:27.550-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1167373/Life_in_the_Zone?f_ri=7987","dom_id":"work_1167373","summary":"Searching for mutations in the heart of Chernobyl, site of history's worst nuclear disaster.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":7195259,"asset_id":1167373,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1059075,"first_name":"Steven","last_name":"Featherstone","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"StevenFeatherstone","display_name":"Steven Featherstone","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/StevenFeatherstone?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1059075/365709/19640869/s65_steven.featherstone.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":155,"name":"Evolutionary Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionary_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":3167,"name":"Disaster 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27218695" data-work_id="27218695" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27218695/Electromagnetic_field_reduction_restores_health_of_electro_sensitive_people">Electromagnetic field reduction restores health of electro-sensitive people</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Electromagnetically sensitized people may develop symptoms and health problems, when exposed to certain types of electromagnetic fields (EMF), known as electrical hypersensitivity (EHS). Over time, the effects may become stronger if such... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27218695" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Electromagnetically sensitized people may develop symptoms and health problems, when exposed to certain types of electromagnetic fields (EMF), known as electrical hypersensitivity (EHS). Over time, the effects may become stronger if such exposure continues. The Dutch EHS Foundation is committed to finding ways to understand these phenomena and to doing something about it. This study reports the results of a research questionnaire distributed among EHS people before and after that they had taken measures to reduce their exposure to EMF. Information requested included (1) the types of symptoms that people reported, and (2) the effects of EMF reduction strategies on the disappearance of EHS symptoms and improvement of well-being. We assembled a 'long list' of curable symptoms based on the data received before field management: these included poor quality of sleep, fatigue, bad concentration ability, restlessness, and 'tight band around head'. We also assembled a 'short list' of the five most cited health problems alleviated after EMF reduction. We also made a 'short list' of EMF reduction methods that proved most effective: these include replacement of Dect phones by corded phones, reducing use of mobile phone, disconnecting WiFi routers, and reducing PC and TV time. Respondents usually reported more than one symptom. There are no EMF reduction measures, which satisfied every individual. We propose that people may be assigned the 'status' of EHS when having suffered from a certain number of health symptoms cited here, which were alleviated by EMF reduction and shielding. We aim to achieve appropriate medical attention for electro-sensitive people, and help in creating electromagnetically clean living and working conditions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27218695" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="77964c4071e093fde4f0e52cad30022e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47475752,"asset_id":27218695,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47475752/download_file?st=MTc0MDMwMTg5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5398053" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HugoSchooneveld">Hugo Schooneveld</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5398053" type="text/json">{"id":5398053,"first_name":"Hugo","last_name":"Schooneveld","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HugoSchooneveld","display_name":"Hugo Schooneveld","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HugoSchooneveld?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5398053/13589692/14749733/s65_hugo.schooneveld.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27218695 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27218695"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27218695, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27218695", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27218695]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27218695").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27218695").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27218695"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7987" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology">Radiation Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7987" type="text/json">{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16288" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health">Public Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16288" type="text/json">{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="211113" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/EHS">EHS</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="211113" type="text/json">{"id":211113,"name":"EHS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/EHS?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27218695]'), work: {"id":27218695,"title":"Electromagnetic field reduction restores health of electro-sensitive people","created_at":"2016-07-24T06:28:40.688-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27218695/Electromagnetic_field_reduction_restores_health_of_electro_sensitive_people?f_ri=7987","dom_id":"work_27218695","summary":"Electromagnetically sensitized people may develop symptoms and health problems, when exposed to certain types of electromagnetic fields (EMF), known as electrical hypersensitivity (EHS). Over time, the effects may become stronger if such exposure continues. The Dutch EHS Foundation is committed to finding ways to understand these phenomena and to doing something about it. This study reports the results of a research questionnaire distributed among EHS people before and after that they had taken measures to reduce their exposure to EMF. Information requested included (1) the types of symptoms that people reported, and (2) the effects of EMF reduction strategies on the disappearance of EHS symptoms and improvement of well-being. We assembled a 'long list' of curable symptoms based on the data received before field management: these included poor quality of sleep, fatigue, bad concentration ability, restlessness, and 'tight band around head'. We also assembled a 'short list' of the five most cited health problems alleviated after EMF reduction. We also made a 'short list' of EMF reduction methods that proved most effective: these include replacement of Dect phones by corded phones, reducing use of mobile phone, disconnecting WiFi routers, and reducing PC and TV time. Respondents usually reported more than one symptom. There are no EMF reduction measures, which satisfied every individual. We propose that people may be assigned the 'status' of EHS when having suffered from a certain number of health symptoms cited here, which were alleviated by EMF reduction and shielding. We aim to achieve appropriate medical attention for electro-sensitive people, and help in creating electromagnetically clean living and working conditions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47475752,"asset_id":27218695,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5398053,"first_name":"Hugo","last_name":"Schooneveld","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HugoSchooneveld","display_name":"Hugo Schooneveld","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HugoSchooneveld?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5398053/13589692/14749733/s65_hugo.schooneveld.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":211113,"name":"EHS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/EHS?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36045131" data-work_id="36045131" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36045131/Protective_effect_of_garlic_extract_against_maternal_and_fetal_cerebellar_damage_induced_by_lead_administration_during_pregnancy_in_rats">Protective effect of garlic extract against maternal and fetal cerebellar damage induced by lead administration during pregnancy in rats</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">BACKGROUND: In spite of its indusrial usefulness and varied daily uses, lead (Pb) pollution is a widespread ecological problem that faces the humans in the 21th century. Pb was found to produces a wide range of toxic effects including... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36045131" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">BACKGROUND:<br />In spite of its indusrial usefulness and varied daily uses, lead (Pb) pollution is a widespread ecological problem that faces the humans in the 21th century. Pb was found to produces a wide range of toxic effects including neurotoxicity especially to the developing and young offspring. Recently, the utilization of herbal plants has received a significant attention where there has been rising awareness in their therapeutic use; among these is the garlic.<br />AIM OF THE WORK:<br />In light of the above, the current study is designed experimentally in female pregnant rats in order to investigate the beneficial role of garlic extract in the protection from the maternal and fetal cerebellar damage that produced by administration of different doses of Pb during pregnancy.<br />MATERIALS AND METHODS:<br />Positively pregnant female rats were divided into five groups; one control group, two Pb-treated groups (exposed to 160 and 320 mg/kg b.wt. of Pb, respectively) and two groups treated with both Pb and garlic (exposed to Pb as previous groups together with 250 mg/ kg b.wt. /day of garlic extract). Treatments started from day 1 till day 20 of pregnancy, where the mother rats of different experimental groups were sacrified to obtain the fetuses. Pb level in the maternal nd fetal blood and cerebellum was estimated by spectrophotometry. Specimens of the cerebellum of different mother and fetal groups were processed to histological and immunohistochemical staining for microscopic examination.<br />RESULTS:<br />The results showed that administration of Pb to pregnant rats resulted in a dose-dependent toxicity for both mothers and fetuses in the form of decrease of maternal weight gain, placental and fetal weights, brain weight and diminished fetal growth parameters, which were prominent in rat's group treated with larger dose of Pb. In Pb-treated rats, Pb level in blood and cerebellum was high when compared to the control. The histopathological examination of the cerebellum of treated dams and fetuses showed marked alterations mainly in the form of Purkinje cell degeneration and lack of deveopmet of fetal cerebellum. Co-treatment of garlic extract along with Pb resulted in a significant decrease in Pb levels as compared with those treated with Pb alone with improvement of the histopathological changes.<br />CONCLUSIONS:<br />This study was useful in evaluating the hazardous effects of uncontrolled use of Pb in general and in assessing the developmental and neurotoxicity of fetuses due to exposure during pregnancy in particular. Co-administration of garlic has beneficial effects in amelioration of Pb-induced neurotoxicity and reversing the histopathological changes of the cerebellum of mother rats and fetuses.<br />KEYWORDS:<br />garlic; glial fibrillary acidic protein; lead; purkinje cells</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36045131" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2698cab2f96bec2bb7d788e7b9bd041f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55931132,"asset_id":36045131,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55931132/download_file?st=MTc0MDMwMTg5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="21972122" href="https://kau.academia.edu/HMustafa">Prof. Dr. Hesham N Mustafa 🩺</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="21972122" type="text/json">{"id":21972122,"first_name":"Prof. Dr. Hesham","last_name":"Mustafa 🩺","domain_name":"kau","page_name":"HMustafa","display_name":"Prof. Dr. Hesham N Mustafa 🩺","profile_url":"https://kau.academia.edu/HMustafa?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21972122/6015802/7471085/s65_hesham.mustafa.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36045131 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36045131"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36045131, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36045131", }); 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Pb was found to produces a wide range of toxic effects including neurotoxicity especially to the developing and young offspring. Recently, the utilization of herbal plants has received a significant attention where there has been rising awareness in their therapeutic use; among these is the garlic.\nAIM OF THE WORK:\nIn light of the above, the current study is designed experimentally in female pregnant rats in order to investigate the beneficial role of garlic extract in the protection from the maternal and fetal cerebellar damage that produced by administration of different doses of Pb during pregnancy.\nMATERIALS AND METHODS:\nPositively pregnant female rats were divided into five groups; one control group, two Pb-treated groups (exposed to 160 and 320 mg/kg b.wt. of Pb, respectively) and two groups treated with both Pb and garlic (exposed to Pb as previous groups together with 250 mg/ kg b.wt. /day of garlic extract). Treatments started from day 1 till day 20 of pregnancy, where the mother rats of different experimental groups were sacrified to obtain the fetuses. Pb level in the maternal nd fetal blood and cerebellum was estimated by spectrophotometry. Specimens of the cerebellum of different mother and fetal groups were processed to histological and immunohistochemical staining for microscopic examination.\nRESULTS:\nThe results showed that administration of Pb to pregnant rats resulted in a dose-dependent toxicity for both mothers and fetuses in the form of decrease of maternal weight gain, placental and fetal weights, brain weight and diminished fetal growth parameters, which were prominent in rat's group treated with larger dose of Pb. In Pb-treated rats, Pb level in blood and cerebellum was high when compared to the control. The histopathological examination of the cerebellum of treated dams and fetuses showed marked alterations mainly in the form of Purkinje cell degeneration and lack of deveopmet of fetal cerebellum. Co-treatment of garlic extract along with Pb resulted in a significant decrease in Pb levels as compared with those treated with Pb alone with improvement of the histopathological changes.\nCONCLUSIONS:\nThis study was useful in evaluating the hazardous effects of uncontrolled use of Pb in general and in assessing the developmental and neurotoxicity of fetuses due to exposure during pregnancy in particular. Co-administration of garlic has beneficial effects in amelioration of Pb-induced neurotoxicity and reversing the histopathological changes of the cerebellum of mother rats and fetuses.\nKEYWORDS:\ngarlic; glial fibrillary acidic protein; lead; purkinje cells","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55931132,"asset_id":36045131,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":21972122,"first_name":"Prof. Dr. Hesham","last_name":"Mustafa 🩺","domain_name":"kau","page_name":"HMustafa","display_name":"Prof. Dr. Hesham N Mustafa 🩺","profile_url":"https://kau.academia.edu/HMustafa?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/21972122/6015802/7471085/s65_hesham.mustafa.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":143,"name":"Comparative Anatomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Anatomy?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":144,"name":"Human Anatomy 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Materials and methods : Thirty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups and treated daily for 45 days as follows: Control, vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid 200 mg/kg of body weight/day by gavage), test (exposed to 900 MHz RFW) and the treated group (received vitamin C in addition to exposure to RFW). At the end of the experiment all animals were sacrifi ced, their eyes were removed and were used for measurement of antioxidant enzymes and MDA activity.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14454839" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fc83c1001317d3a37a37d6e1669f9685" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44136203,"asset_id":14454839,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44136203/download_file?st=MTc0MDMwMTg5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33394068" href="https://shirazu.academia.edu/GholamaliJelodar">Gholamali Jelodar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33394068" type="text/json">{"id":33394068,"first_name":"Gholamali","last_name":"Jelodar","domain_name":"shirazu","page_name":"GholamaliJelodar","display_name":"Gholamali Jelodar","profile_url":"https://shirazu.academia.edu/GholamaliJelodar?f_ri=7987","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14454839 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14454839"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14454839, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14454839", }); 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Materials and methods : Thirty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups and treated daily for 45 days as follows: Control, vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid 200 mg/kg of body weight/day by gavage), test (exposed to 900 MHz RFW) and the treated group (received vitamin C in addition to exposure to RFW). 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For more than two decades, the abilities of melatonin as a potent radioprotector against toxic effects of ionizing... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38366967" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Melatonin is a natural body product that has shown potent antioxidant property against various toxic agents. For more than two decades, the abilities of melatonin as a potent radioprotector against toxic effects of ionizing radiation (IR) has been proved. However, in recent years, several studies have been conducted to illustrate how melatonin protects normal cells against IR. Studies proposed that melatonin is able to directly neutralize free radicals produced by IR, leading to the production of some low toxic products. Moreover, melatonin affects several signaling pathways, such as inflammatory responses, antioxidant defense, DNA repair response enzymes, pro-oxidant enzymes etc. Animal studies has confirmed that melatonin is able to alleviate radiation-induced cell death via inhibiting pro-apoptosis and upregulation of anti-apoptosis genes. These properties are very interesting for clinical radiotherapy applications, as well as mitigation of radiation injury in a possible radiation disaster. An interesting property of melatonin is mitochondrial ROS targeting that has been proposed as a strategy for mitigating effects in radiosensitive organs such as bone marrow, gastrointestinal system and lungs. However, there is a need to prove the mitigatory effects of melatonin in experimental studies. Conclusion: In this review, we aim to clarify the molecular mechanisms of radioprotective effects of melatonin, as well as possible applications as a radiation countermeasure in accidental exposure or nuclear/radiological disasters.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38366967" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="73d9dc3807100c50df532de2f65752ff" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58420209,"asset_id":38366967,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58420209/download_file?st=MTc0MDMwMTg5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="652424" href="https://kums.academia.edu/MasoudNajafi">Masoud Najafi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="652424" type="text/json">{"id":652424,"first_name":"Masoud","last_name":"Najafi","domain_name":"kums","page_name":"MasoudNajafi","display_name":"Masoud Najafi","profile_url":"https://kums.academia.edu/MasoudNajafi?f_ri=7987","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38366967 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38366967"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38366967, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38366967", }); 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For more than two decades, the abilities of melatonin as a potent radioprotector against toxic effects of ionizing radiation (IR) has been proved. However, in recent years, several studies have been conducted to illustrate how melatonin protects normal cells against IR. Studies proposed that melatonin is able to directly neutralize free radicals produced by IR, leading to the production of some low toxic products. Moreover, melatonin affects several signaling pathways, such as inflammatory responses, antioxidant defense, DNA repair response enzymes, pro-oxidant enzymes etc. Animal studies has confirmed that melatonin is able to alleviate radiation-induced cell death via inhibiting pro-apoptosis and upregulation of anti-apoptosis genes. These properties are very interesting for clinical radiotherapy applications, as well as mitigation of radiation injury in a possible radiation disaster. An interesting property of melatonin is mitochondrial ROS targeting that has been proposed as a strategy for mitigating effects in radiosensitive organs such as bone marrow, gastrointestinal system and lungs. However, there is a need to prove the mitigatory effects of melatonin in experimental studies. Conclusion: In this review, we aim to clarify the molecular mechanisms of radioprotective effects of melatonin, as well as possible applications as a radiation countermeasure in accidental exposure or nuclear/radiological disasters.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58420209,"asset_id":38366967,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":652424,"first_name":"Masoud","last_name":"Najafi","domain_name":"kums","page_name":"MasoudNajafi","display_name":"Masoud Najafi","profile_url":"https://kums.academia.edu/MasoudNajafi?f_ri=7987","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2443,"name":"Radiation Oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Oncology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":10030,"name":"Radiation 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It is an attempt to document what is currently known about the radioactive contamination of the forests, rivers, floodplains and estuaries of Fukushima prefecture. Given the long half-lives of some of the radionuclides released into the environment of Fukushima prefecture and wider Japan, understanding their ecological impacts is essential.<br /><br />This report also draws upon studies of the forest and aquatic ecosystems that were heavily contaminated in the Kyshtym and Chernobyl radiological disasters to provide some insight of what may be expected in the coming years and decades in Japan.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23686950" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="32706a6b03526c11d1b263fc4ea58d88" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44092708,"asset_id":23686950,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44092708/download_file?st=MTc0MDMwMTg5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42113243" href="https://greenpeace.academia.edu/KendraUlrich">Kendra Ulrich</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42113243" type="text/json">{"id":42113243,"first_name":"Kendra","last_name":"Ulrich","domain_name":"greenpeace","page_name":"KendraUlrich","display_name":"Kendra Ulrich","profile_url":"https://greenpeace.academia.edu/KendraUlrich?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42113243/12127889/19155147/s65_kendra.ulrich.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23686950 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23686950"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23686950, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23686950", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23686950]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_23686950").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_23686950").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="23686950"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">23</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="158" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Biology">Marine Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="158" type="text/json">{"id":158,"name":"Marine Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="387" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_Studies">Japanese Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="387" type="text/json">{"id":387,"name":"Japanese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_Studies?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="514" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Physics">Nuclear Physics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="514" type="text/json">{"id":514,"name":"Nuclear Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Physics?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1420" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquatic_Ecology">Aquatic Ecology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1420" type="text/json">{"id":1420,"name":"Aquatic Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquatic_Ecology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23686950]'), work: {"id":23686950,"title":"Radiation Reloaded: Ecological Impacts of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident - Five years later","created_at":"2016-03-25T03:06:45.307-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23686950/Radiation_Reloaded_Ecological_Impacts_of_the_Fukushima_Daiichi_Nuclear_Accident_Five_years_later?f_ri=7987","dom_id":"work_23686950","summary":"This Greenpeace report draws on a large body of scientific research in Fukushima-impacted areas over the past five years to\nbring to light the current ecological situation as a result\nof the March 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident. It is an attempt to document what is currently known about the radioactive contamination of the forests, rivers, floodplains and estuaries of Fukushima prefecture. Given the long half-lives of some of the radionuclides released into the environment of Fukushima prefecture and wider Japan, understanding their ecological impacts is essential.\n\nThis report also draws upon studies of the forest and aquatic ecosystems that were heavily contaminated in the Kyshtym and Chernobyl radiological disasters to provide some insight of what may be expected in the coming years and decades in Japan.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44092708,"asset_id":23686950,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42113243,"first_name":"Kendra","last_name":"Ulrich","domain_name":"greenpeace","page_name":"KendraUlrich","display_name":"Kendra Ulrich","profile_url":"https://greenpeace.academia.edu/KendraUlrich?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42113243/12127889/19155147/s65_kendra.ulrich.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":158,"name":"Marine Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":387,"name":"Japanese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_Studies?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":514,"name":"Nuclear Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Physics?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":1420,"name":"Aquatic Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquatic_Ecology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":2467,"name":"Conservation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conservation_Biology?f_ri=7987"},{"id":6969,"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aquatic_Toxicology?f_ri=7987"},{"id":7080,"name":"Freshwater Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Freshwater_Biology?f_ri=7987"},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology?f_ri=7987"},{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987"},{"id":9769,"name":"Sociology of Fisheries and Aquaculture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Fisheries_and_Aquaculture?f_ri=7987"},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=7987"},{"id":10032,"name":"Radiation Protection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Protection?f_ri=7987"},{"id":11873,"name":"Fish Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fish_Biology?f_ri=7987"},{"id":11875,"name":"Freshwater Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Freshwater_Ecology?f_ri=7987"},{"id":12653,"name":"Rivers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rivers?f_ri=7987"},{"id":16305,"name":"Chernobyl","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chernobyl?f_ri=7987"},{"id":19673,"name":"River Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/River_Ecology?f_ri=7987"},{"id":25123,"name":"Nuclear Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Energy?f_ri=7987"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=7987"},{"id":72650,"name":"Radioecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radioecology?f_ri=7987"},{"id":74986,"name":"River Basin Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/River_Basin_Management?f_ri=7987"},{"id":148732,"name":"Fukushima nuclear disaster","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fukushima_nuclear_disaster?f_ri=7987"},{"id":1466106,"name":"International Atomic Energy Agency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency?f_ri=7987"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42727920" data-work_id="42727920" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42727920/The_Coronavirus_Pandemic_Part_I_Introduction">The "Coronavirus" Pandemic Part I: Introduction</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This manuscript presents an introduction to the phenomenon of viral bio-spiritual weaponization and warfare that describes the crux of the present and many other retroviruses launched against us during the course of our history by a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42727920" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This manuscript presents an introduction to the phenomenon of viral bio-spiritual weaponization and warfare that describes the crux of the present and many other retroviruses launched against us during the course of our history by a nefarious group of energetically parasitic beings that is collectively referred to as 'negative aliens.' This is a new age of enlightenment and humanity is only beginning to awaken from slumber and unconsciousness to realize that, indeed, we are all energetic beings comprised of quanta of energy that when is congealed, forms the dark matter essence of our core manifestation body that, in turn, is arranged in a multidimensional configuration that is referred to as our 'morphogenetic field.' Accordingly, what you have not been taught is that your 'genetic' essence or body is comprised of the same quanta of energy that function via your bioenergetics in the form of your Light Body or Aura, an ovoid contour of energy that defines your 'consciousness space.' Indeed, we all thrive within a consciousness 'field' comprised of countless Light as well as 'dark' beings that either share the space-time we thrive in physically, or are privy to look upon us from higher 'grounds,' that we refer to as inner or higher dimensions of consciousness, going all the way to the innermost of Cosmos, in which our God-SOURCE, as an incredibly Omnipotent, Omniscient, Omnipresent fountain of energy and the progenitor of our consciousness, provides its energetic to us via an open loop of energy of consciousness. And, within this field of consciousness there also</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42727920" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4feca140c2bbbd160c640a59f4b51610" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62944706,"asset_id":42727920,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62944706/download_file?st=MTc0MDMwMTg5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49852223" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi">Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49852223" type="text/json">{"id":49852223,"first_name":"Mohsen Paul","last_name":"Sarfarazi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MohsenPaulSarfarazi","display_name":"Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49852223/14993974/15735910/s65_mohsen_paul.sarfarazi.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42727920 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42727920"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42727920, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42727920", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42727920]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42727920").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42727920").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42727920"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1328" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation">Radiation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1328" type="text/json">{"id":1328,"name":"Radiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3972" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genocide_Studies">Genocide Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3972" type="text/json">{"id":3972,"name":"Genocide Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genocide_Studies?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4508" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Weapons">Biological Weapons</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4508" type="text/json">{"id":4508,"name":"Biological Weapons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Weapons?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4810" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Warfare">Information Warfare</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4810" type="text/json">{"id":4810,"name":"Information Warfare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Warfare?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42727920]'), work: {"id":42727920,"title":"The \"Coronavirus\" Pandemic Part I: Introduction","created_at":"2020-04-13T14:58:45.334-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42727920/The_Coronavirus_Pandemic_Part_I_Introduction?f_ri=7987","dom_id":"work_42727920","summary":"This manuscript presents an introduction to the phenomenon of viral bio-spiritual weaponization and warfare that describes the crux of the present and many other retroviruses launched against us during the course of our history by a nefarious group of energetically parasitic beings that is collectively referred to as 'negative aliens.' This is a new age of enlightenment and humanity is only beginning to awaken from slumber and unconsciousness to realize that, indeed, we are all energetic beings comprised of quanta of energy that when is congealed, forms the dark matter essence of our core manifestation body that, in turn, is arranged in a multidimensional configuration that is referred to as our 'morphogenetic field.' Accordingly, what you have not been taught is that your 'genetic' essence or body is comprised of the same quanta of energy that function via your bioenergetics in the form of your Light Body or Aura, an ovoid contour of energy that defines your 'consciousness space.' Indeed, we all thrive within a consciousness 'field' comprised of countless Light as well as 'dark' beings that either share the space-time we thrive in physically, or are privy to look upon us from higher 'grounds,' that we refer to as inner or higher dimensions of consciousness, going all the way to the innermost of Cosmos, in which our God-SOURCE, as an incredibly Omnipotent, Omniscient, Omnipresent fountain of energy and the progenitor of our consciousness, provides its energetic to us via an open loop of energy of consciousness. And, within this field of consciousness there also","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62944706,"asset_id":42727920,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49852223,"first_name":"Mohsen Paul","last_name":"Sarfarazi","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MohsenPaulSarfarazi","display_name":"Mohsen Paul Sarfarazi","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MohsenPaulSarfarazi?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49852223/14993974/15735910/s65_mohsen_paul.sarfarazi.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1328,"name":"Radiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":3972,"name":"Genocide Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genocide_Studies?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":4508,"name":"Biological Weapons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Weapons?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":4810,"name":"Information Warfare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Warfare?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987"},{"id":8089,"name":"Virology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virology?f_ri=7987"},{"id":8536,"name":"Hybridization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hybridization?f_ri=7987"},{"id":11337,"name":"Cyber Warfare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyber_Warfare?f_ri=7987"},{"id":11861,"name":"Transhumanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transhumanism?f_ri=7987"},{"id":18079,"name":"Irregular Warfare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Irregular_Warfare?f_ri=7987"},{"id":33926,"name":"Retroviruses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Retroviruses?f_ri=7987"},{"id":34117,"name":"Chemical and Biological Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_and_Biological_Engineering?f_ri=7987"},{"id":40279,"name":"Influenza virus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Influenza_virus?f_ri=7987"},{"id":41749,"name":"Genetic Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Engineering?f_ri=7987"},{"id":42194,"name":"Warfare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Warfare?f_ri=7987"},{"id":51753,"name":"Genocide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genocide?f_ri=7987"},{"id":82145,"name":"Virus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virus?f_ri=7987"},{"id":141088,"name":"Chemical Biological Weapons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Biological_Weapons?f_ri=7987"},{"id":1286468,"name":"Chemical and Biological Weapons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_and_Biological_Weapons?f_ri=7987"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12408525" data-work_id="12408525" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12408525/Measurements_of_Natural_Radioactivity_and_Radon_Levels_in_Water_samples_from_Upper_Egypt">Measurements of Natural Radioactivity and Radon Levels in Water samples from Upper Egypt</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Radionuclides are naturally present throughout all environments, in varying amounts in air, water, plants, soil, rocks and etc. Naturally – occurring radionuclide’s are mainly derived from three separate decay chains (238U, 235U, and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12408525" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Radionuclides are naturally present throughout all environments, in varying amounts in air, water, plants, soil, rocks and etc. Naturally – occurring radionuclide’s are mainly derived from three separate decay chains (238U, 235U, and 232Th), and singly occurring 40K. These radionuclides may enter the human body from eating, drinking, external exposure or by inhaling. Then they penetrate into tissue and its cells, which causes ionization effects to its basic matter "cytoplasm". <br />222Rn is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, radioactive noble gas, which arises from the radioactive decay of 226Ra (itself a decay product of 238U). It is present in almost all rock, soil, and water, and typically moves up through the ground to the air above and into buildings through cracks and other holes in the underlying foundation. 222Rn is one of the most significant of the avoidable hazards in the environment, typically accounting for more than 50% of the dose to an average population. <br />Measurements of natural radioactivity and radon levels in water samples from Qena governorate, Egypt, and their human impact are outlined in this thesis. This was performed by collecting two hundred twenty water samples (ground, drinking tap and mineral water) from different sites in Qena, and employing Alpha GUARD monitoring system to determine the activity concentrations of 222Rn, also gamma spectrometry "NaI(Tl)" was used to determine the activity concentrations of 222Rn, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in ground water. <br />In ground water samples 222Rn activity concentrations were fluctuated between 0.04±0.025 and 10.07±0.219 Bq/l, with an average value of 3.57±0.077 Bq/l. <br />In order to check the obtained results, two radon measuring techniques (Alpha GUARD and gamma spectrometry) were applied for measure some ground water samples from all sites, and the obtained results show that the two radon measuring techniques results are in a good agreement. <br />In the measuring ground water samples, the obtained measuring results for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K activity concentrations were fluctuated between (0.126±0.007 and 1.93±0.117), (0.037±0.003 and 0.899±0.077) and (3.18±0.273 and 7±0.602), with averages values of 0.54±0.029, 0.4±0.027 and 5.10±0.44 Bq/l, for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, respectively. <br />In the investigated drinking tap water samples, the obtained results for 222Rn activity concentrations show that, the activity concentrations were ranged between 0.006±0.0005 and 0.117±0.0027 Bq/l, with an average value of 0.049±0.003 Bq/l. <br />The obtained results for 222Rn activity concentrations in the investigated mineral water samples show that, the activity concentrations were fluctuated between 0.014±0.003 and 0.237±0.005 Bq/l, with an average value of 0.077±0.002 Bq/l.<br />The impacts of geochemical parameters of water such as PH, conductivity and TDS on the natural radionuclides activity concentration were studied, a reasonable correlation between pH and the 222Rn, 226Ra and 232Th activity concentrations were found, in which the activity concentrations decreased with increasing PH, whereas no general trend was observed that related the radionuclides activity concentrations with conductivity and TDS.<br />Health aspects are discussed, based on calculation of the annual effective doses for different age groups, which found in values lower than the reference level.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12408525" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="978391a9778515b26aa2b66f7698f17b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37649991,"asset_id":12408525,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37649991/download_file?st=MTc0MDMwMTg5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31179690" href="https://wwwsvu.academia.edu/khaledali">Khaled Ali</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31179690" type="text/json">{"id":31179690,"first_name":"Khaled","last_name":"Ali","domain_name":"wwwsvu","page_name":"khaledali","display_name":"Khaled Ali","profile_url":"https://wwwsvu.academia.edu/khaledali?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31179690/9162011/10217104/s65_khaled.ali.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12408525 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12408525"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12408525, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12408525", }); 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These radionuclides may enter the human body from eating, drinking, external exposure or by inhaling. Then they penetrate into tissue and its cells, which causes ionization effects to its basic matter \"cytoplasm\". \n222Rn is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, radioactive noble gas, which arises from the radioactive decay of 226Ra (itself a decay product of 238U). It is present in almost all rock, soil, and water, and typically moves up through the ground to the air above and into buildings through cracks and other holes in the underlying foundation. 222Rn is one of the most significant of the avoidable hazards in the environment, typically accounting for more than 50% of the dose to an average population. \nMeasurements of natural radioactivity and radon levels in water samples from Qena governorate, Egypt, and their human impact are outlined in this thesis. This was performed by collecting two hundred twenty water samples (ground, drinking tap and mineral water) from different sites in Qena, and employing Alpha GUARD monitoring system to determine the activity concentrations of 222Rn, also gamma spectrometry \"NaI(Tl)\" was used to determine the activity concentrations of 222Rn, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in ground water. \nIn ground water samples 222Rn activity concentrations were fluctuated between 0.04±0.025 and 10.07±0.219 Bq/l, with an average value of 3.57±0.077 Bq/l. \nIn order to check the obtained results, two radon measuring techniques (Alpha GUARD and gamma spectrometry) were applied for measure some ground water samples from all sites, and the obtained results show that the two radon measuring techniques results are in a good agreement. \nIn the measuring ground water samples, the obtained measuring results for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K activity concentrations were fluctuated between (0.126±0.007 and 1.93±0.117), (0.037±0.003 and 0.899±0.077) and (3.18±0.273 and 7±0.602), with averages values of 0.54±0.029, 0.4±0.027 and 5.10±0.44 Bq/l, for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, respectively. \nIn the investigated drinking tap water samples, the obtained results for 222Rn activity concentrations show that, the activity concentrations were ranged between 0.006±0.0005 and 0.117±0.0027 Bq/l, with an average value of 0.049±0.003 Bq/l. \nThe obtained results for 222Rn activity concentrations in the investigated mineral water samples show that, the activity concentrations were fluctuated between 0.014±0.003 and 0.237±0.005 Bq/l, with an average value of 0.077±0.002 Bq/l.\nThe impacts of geochemical parameters of water such as PH, conductivity and TDS on the natural radionuclides activity concentration were studied, a reasonable correlation between pH and the 222Rn, 226Ra and 232Th activity concentrations were found, in which the activity concentrations decreased with increasing PH, whereas no general trend was observed that related the radionuclides activity concentrations with conductivity and TDS.\nHealth aspects are discussed, based on calculation of the annual effective doses for different age groups, which found in values lower than the reference level.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37649991,"asset_id":12408525,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31179690,"first_name":"Khaled","last_name":"Ali","domain_name":"wwwsvu","page_name":"khaledali","display_name":"Khaled Ali","profile_url":"https://wwwsvu.academia.edu/khaledali?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31179690/9162011/10217104/s65_khaled.ali.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":2443,"name":"Radiation Oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Oncology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":8030,"name":"Radiation Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Physics?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":10031,"name":"Radiation Dosimetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Dosimetry?f_ri=7987"},{"id":81782,"name":"Environmental Radioactivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Radioactivity?f_ri=7987"},{"id":225942,"name":"Radon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radon?f_ri=7987"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42643047" data-work_id="42643047" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42643047/5G_CONVERTED_TO_BENEFICIAL_ENERGY_VIA_BUBBLE_TECH">5G CONVERTED TO BENEFICIAL ENERGY VIA BUBBLE TECH</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">ANYBODY CAN DO IT VIA YOUR EUPHORIC IMAGINATION, WHICH DOES CONTROL MATTER, AS IS QUITE OBVIOUS. WE CAN MAKE ENTIRE COMMUNITIES EUPHORIC YA’LL ARE GOING TO WAKE UP TO THIS AT SOME POINT I GUARAN GODDAMN TEE IT!!! SO, NATURE IS... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42643047" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">ANYBODY CAN DO IT VIA YOUR EUPHORIC IMAGINATION, WHICH DOES CONTROL MATTER, AS IS QUITE OBVIOUS.  WE CAN MAKE ENTIRE COMMUNITIES EUPHORIC  <br /><br />YA’LL ARE GOING TO WAKE UP TO THIS AT SOME POINT <br />I GUARAN GODDAMN TEE IT!!!  <br /><br />SO, NATURE IS TELLING US THAT WE CONTROL IT / HER VIA OUR INTENTIONS – INSTALLED AT SEED LEVEL VIA SANDBOX 101 TECHNOLOGY.    IT IS A TECHNOLOGY – DO IT, IT WORKS.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42643047" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4466cbacb5e2612d246c0c035ce3cfbe" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62848850,"asset_id":42643047,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62848850/download_file?st=MTc0MDMwMTg5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25559210" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MIKEEMERY1">MIKE EMERY</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25559210" type="text/json">{"id":25559210,"first_name":"MIKE","last_name":"EMERY","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MIKEEMERY1","display_name":"MIKE EMERY","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MIKEEMERY1?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25559210/6986620/7877782/s65_mike.emery.jpg_oh_69356cada727883bf82215bd7175e1fe_oe_556e3889___gda___1428499174_92819634f8879f77673a47c36041d964"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42643047 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42643047"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42643047, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42643047", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42643047]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42643047").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42643047").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42643047"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1328" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation">Radiation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1328" type="text/json">{"id":1328,"name":"Radiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5412" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy">Energy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5412" type="text/json">{"id":5412,"name":"Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7662" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Healing">Energy Healing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7662" type="text/json">{"id":7662,"name":"Energy Healing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Healing?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7987" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology">Radiation Biology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7987" type="text/json">{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42643047]'), work: {"id":42643047,"title":"5G CONVERTED TO BENEFICIAL ENERGY VIA BUBBLE TECH","created_at":"2020-04-06T10:37:28.706-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42643047/5G_CONVERTED_TO_BENEFICIAL_ENERGY_VIA_BUBBLE_TECH?f_ri=7987","dom_id":"work_42643047","summary":"ANYBODY CAN DO IT VIA YOUR EUPHORIC IMAGINATION, WHICH DOES CONTROL MATTER, AS IS QUITE OBVIOUS. WE CAN MAKE ENTIRE COMMUNITIES EUPHORIC \n\nYA’LL ARE GOING TO WAKE UP TO THIS AT SOME POINT \nI GUARAN GODDAMN TEE IT!!! \n\nSO, NATURE IS TELLING US THAT WE CONTROL IT / HER VIA OUR INTENTIONS – INSTALLED AT SEED LEVEL VIA SANDBOX 101 TECHNOLOGY. IT IS A TECHNOLOGY – DO IT, IT WORKS. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62848850,"asset_id":42643047,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25559210,"first_name":"MIKE","last_name":"EMERY","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MIKEEMERY1","display_name":"MIKE EMERY","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MIKEEMERY1?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/25559210/6986620/7877782/s65_mike.emery.jpg_oh_69356cada727883bf82215bd7175e1fe_oe_556e3889___gda___1428499174_92819634f8879f77673a47c36041d964"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1328,"name":"Radiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":5412,"name":"Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":7662,"name":"Energy Healing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Healing?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":8030,"name":"Radiation Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Physics?f_ri=7987"},{"id":10031,"name":"Radiation Dosimetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Dosimetry?f_ri=7987"},{"id":10032,"name":"Radiation Protection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Protection?f_ri=7987"},{"id":14084,"name":"Energy and Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_and_Environment?f_ri=7987"},{"id":14522,"name":"Nature of science and technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nature_of_science_and_technology?f_ri=7987"},{"id":20297,"name":"Nature of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nature_of_Science?f_ri=7987"},{"id":21104,"name":"Energy Healing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Energy_Healing-1?f_ri=7987"},{"id":25613,"name":"Philosophy of 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type="text/json">{"id":1131,"name":"Biomedical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7987" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology">Radiation Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7987" type="text/json">{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13422" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Physics">Medical Physics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13422" type="text/json">{"id":13422,"name":"Medical Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Physics?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10523191]'), work: {"id":10523191,"title":"Radiobiological Modelling in Radiation Oncology","created_at":"2015-02-04T17:54:02.211-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10523191/Radiobiological_Modelling_in_Radiation_Oncology?f_ri=7987","dom_id":"work_10523191","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47329169,"asset_id":10523191,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25791851,"first_name":"Mariana","last_name":"Pineda Guerrero","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MarianaPinedaGuerrero","display_name":"Mariana Pineda Guerrero","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MarianaPinedaGuerrero?f_ri=7987","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":1131,"name":"Biomedical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomedical_Engineering?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":13422,"name":"Medical Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Physics?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=7987"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=7987"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43032561" data-work_id="43032561" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43032561/CONSTRUCTING_AN_EMF_RADIATION_HYGEIA_FRAMEWORK_AND_MODEL_TO_DEMONSTRATE_A_PUBLIC_INTEREST_OVERRIDE">CONSTRUCTING AN EMF RADIATION HYGEIA FRAMEWORK AND MODEL TO DEMONSTRATE A PUBLIC INTEREST OVERRIDE</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Scientific views on EMF radiation dosimetry and models increasingly suggest that even a tiny increase in the incidence of diseases resulting from exposure to EMF radiation could have broad implications for public health, social accounting... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43032561" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Scientific views on EMF radiation dosimetry and models increasingly suggest that even a<br />tiny increase in the incidence of diseases resulting from exposure to EMF radiation could<br />have broad implications for public health, social accounting and the economy. In South<br />Africa (SA) there is no national EMF radiation exposure protection standard, statutory<br />monitoring or regulations. Multinational High Court deliberations indicate the need for public<br />interest EMF radiation exposure protection standards in South Africa. Domestic citizens,<br />academics, as well as regulatory and legislative practitioners, are unable to effectively<br />monitor and investigate EMF radiation exposure emissions from infrastructure sources,<br />because industries refuse to provide the required data. Industries have, since 2003,<br />continually obstructed access to the data and the establishment of a national EMF radiation<br />standard, citing that it would be in conflict with their strategic economic interests. The<br />demonstration of a public interest override (PIO) function is legislatively required to gain<br />access to the required data.<br /><br />This study constructed (1) a framework and (2) a model to perform test simulations against<br />the (3) PIO criteria to demonstrate a PIO function and tested one PIO simulation scenario.<br />Testing the PIO scenario firstly required the construction of a public interest framework,<br />drawing input from multiple disciplines. The framework literature review used systematic<br />case law and scientific-technical analysis whilst the framework science sought to understand the connections, feedbacks, and trajectories that occur as a result of natural and human<br />system processes and exchanges. The EMF radiation exposure system functions to support<br />human wellbeing needs and to explore the benefits and losses associated with alternative<br />futures with the goal to uncover the current and future limits thereof.<br /><br />In the second instance a HYGEIA model was selected as a base investigation and forecast<br />simulation tool. The study had to uncover the key attributes and parameters necessary to<br />construct and to run successful EMF radiation exposure simulations. Thereafter the HYGEIA<br />model was modified to specifically identify and evaluate EMF radiation exposure hazard<br />conditions. Through subsequent simulation runs, the constructed framework was then tested.<br />Requested anthroposphere information was synthesized within a systems model to forecast<br />ecosystem services and human-use dynamics under alternative scenarios. The simulation<br />used the model, the model references and the framework for guidelines, thus allowing<br />multiple simulation / demonstration runs for different contexts or scenarios.<br /><br />The third step was the construction of a PIO checklist which guides criteria testing and<br />provides a means of gaining pertinent information for further studies, based on this<br />dissertation. Framework EMF radiation policy inputs into the model were intersected with<br />identified vulnerable area facilities which were selected based on international criteria. The<br />research output revealed potential EMF radiation violations which served as system feedback<br />inputs in support of a demonstrated PIO function. The research recommends that the<br />identified EMF radiation exposure violations of public health undergo a Promotion of Access<br />to Information Act (PAIA) judicial review process to confirm the research findings. The<br />judicial qualification of a PAIA PIO function of ‘substances released into the environment’<br />and ‘public safety or environmental risk’ would enable access to EMF radiation emissions<br />data essential to future studies.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43032561" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1e97a14f9d79f1724d8becf6ccd55371" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63294122,"asset_id":43032561,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63294122/download_file?st=MTc0MDMwMTg5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42258491" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JamesLech">James Lech</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42258491" type="text/json">{"id":42258491,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Lech","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JamesLech","display_name":"James Lech","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JamesLech?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42258491/44169834/71620141/s65_james.lech.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43032561 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43032561"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43032561, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43032561", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_43032561 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43032561; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_43032561"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_43032561 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="43032561"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 43032561; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43032561]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43032561").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43032561").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43032561"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2087" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antennas_and_Radio_Wave_Propagation">Antennas & Radio Wave Propagation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2087" type="text/json">{"id":2087,"name":"Antennas \u0026 Radio Wave Propagation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antennas_and_Radio_Wave_Propagation?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7987" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology">Radiation Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7987" type="text/json">{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8030" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Physics">Radiation Physics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8030" type="text/json">{"id":8030,"name":"Radiation Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Physics?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10031" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Dosimetry">Radiation Dosimetry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10031" type="text/json">{"id":10031,"name":"Radiation Dosimetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Dosimetry?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43032561]'), work: {"id":43032561,"title":"CONSTRUCTING AN EMF RADIATION HYGEIA FRAMEWORK AND MODEL TO DEMONSTRATE A PUBLIC INTEREST OVERRIDE","created_at":"2020-05-13T01:56:44.077-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43032561/CONSTRUCTING_AN_EMF_RADIATION_HYGEIA_FRAMEWORK_AND_MODEL_TO_DEMONSTRATE_A_PUBLIC_INTEREST_OVERRIDE?f_ri=7987","dom_id":"work_43032561","summary":"Scientific views on EMF radiation dosimetry and models increasingly suggest that even a\ntiny increase in the incidence of diseases resulting from exposure to EMF radiation could\nhave broad implications for public health, social accounting and the economy. In South\nAfrica (SA) there is no national EMF radiation exposure protection standard, statutory\nmonitoring or regulations. Multinational High Court deliberations indicate the need for public\ninterest EMF radiation exposure protection standards in South Africa. Domestic citizens,\nacademics, as well as regulatory and legislative practitioners, are unable to effectively\nmonitor and investigate EMF radiation exposure emissions from infrastructure sources,\nbecause industries refuse to provide the required data. Industries have, since 2003,\ncontinually obstructed access to the data and the establishment of a national EMF radiation\nstandard, citing that it would be in conflict with their strategic economic interests. The\ndemonstration of a public interest override (PIO) function is legislatively required to gain\naccess to the required data.\n\nThis study constructed (1) a framework and (2) a model to perform test simulations against\nthe (3) PIO criteria to demonstrate a PIO function and tested one PIO simulation scenario.\nTesting the PIO scenario firstly required the construction of a public interest framework,\ndrawing input from multiple disciplines. The framework literature review used systematic\ncase law and scientific-technical analysis whilst the framework science sought to understand the connections, feedbacks, and trajectories that occur as a result of natural and human\nsystem processes and exchanges. The EMF radiation exposure system functions to support\nhuman wellbeing needs and to explore the benefits and losses associated with alternative\nfutures with the goal to uncover the current and future limits thereof.\n\nIn the second instance a HYGEIA model was selected as a base investigation and forecast\nsimulation tool. The study had to uncover the key attributes and parameters necessary to\nconstruct and to run successful EMF radiation exposure simulations. Thereafter the HYGEIA\nmodel was modified to specifically identify and evaluate EMF radiation exposure hazard\nconditions. Through subsequent simulation runs, the constructed framework was then tested.\nRequested anthroposphere information was synthesized within a systems model to forecast\necosystem services and human-use dynamics under alternative scenarios. The simulation\nused the model, the model references and the framework for guidelines, thus allowing\nmultiple simulation / demonstration runs for different contexts or scenarios.\n\nThe third step was the construction of a PIO checklist which guides criteria testing and\nprovides a means of gaining pertinent information for further studies, based on this\ndissertation. Framework EMF radiation policy inputs into the model were intersected with\nidentified vulnerable area facilities which were selected based on international criteria. The\nresearch output revealed potential EMF radiation violations which served as system feedback\ninputs in support of a demonstrated PIO function. The research recommends that the\nidentified EMF radiation exposure violations of public health undergo a Promotion of Access\nto Information Act (PAIA) judicial review process to confirm the research findings. The\njudicial qualification of a PAIA PIO function of ‘substances released into the environment’\nand ‘public safety or environmental risk’ would enable access to EMF radiation emissions\ndata essential to future studies.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63294122,"asset_id":43032561,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42258491,"first_name":"James","last_name":"Lech","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JamesLech","display_name":"James Lech","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JamesLech?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42258491/44169834/71620141/s65_james.lech.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2087,"name":"Antennas \u0026 Radio Wave Propagation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antennas_and_Radio_Wave_Propagation?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":8030,"name":"Radiation Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Physics?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":10031,"name":"Radiation Dosimetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Dosimetry?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=7987"},{"id":21080,"name":"Environmental Modeling \u0026 Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Modeling_and_Simulation?f_ri=7987"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=7987"},{"id":50711,"name":"Risk Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Analysis?f_ri=7987"},{"id":61866,"name":"South Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Africa?f_ri=7987"},{"id":137702,"name":"Cellular Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cellular_Networks?f_ri=7987"},{"id":211387,"name":"Electromagnetic Field","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electromagnetic_Field?f_ri=7987"},{"id":409631,"name":"Legal procedures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_procedures?f_ri=7987"},{"id":503468,"name":"Power lines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_lines?f_ri=7987"},{"id":555184,"name":"Microwave Radio Transmission Design Guide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microwave_Radio_Transmission_Design_Guide?f_ri=7987"},{"id":1009312,"name":"Geographic Information Systems (GIS)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geographic_Information_Systems_GIS_?f_ri=7987"},{"id":1035396,"name":"Public Interest Law and Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Interest_Law_and_Policy?f_ri=7987"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40102989" data-work_id="40102989" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40102989/FR_01_Prinsip_Media_Kontras">FR 01 Prinsip Media Kontras</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Prinsip dan penjelasan awal penggunaan media kontras pada pemeriksaan radiologi</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40102989" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f0c8f99f8483dd53bd999ec69b9a2a7a" 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type="text/json">{"id":39420175,"first_name":"Arif","last_name":"Jauhari","domain_name":"windamyt","page_name":"ArifJauhari","display_name":"Arif Jauhari","profile_url":"https://windamyt.academia.edu/ArifJauhari?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39420175/10879063/16857542/s65_arif.jauhari.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40102989 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40102989"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40102989, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40102989", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_40102989 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x 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}); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40102989").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40102989"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="640" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiology">Radiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="640" type="text/json">{"id":640,"name":"Radiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7987" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology">Radiation Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7987" type="text/json">{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13748" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents">Contrast Agents</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13748" type="text/json">{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2691061" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Radiation_Safety">Medical Radiation Safety</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2691061" type="text/json">{"id":2691061,"name":"Medical Radiation Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Radiation_Safety?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40102989]'), work: {"id":40102989,"title":"FR 01 Prinsip Media Kontras","created_at":"2019-08-16T18:10:02.663-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40102989/FR_01_Prinsip_Media_Kontras?f_ri=7987","dom_id":"work_40102989","summary":"Prinsip dan penjelasan awal penggunaan media kontras pada pemeriksaan radiologi","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60313619,"asset_id":40102989,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39420175,"first_name":"Arif","last_name":"Jauhari","domain_name":"windamyt","page_name":"ArifJauhari","display_name":"Arif Jauhari","profile_url":"https://windamyt.academia.edu/ArifJauhari?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39420175/10879063/16857542/s65_arif.jauhari.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":640,"name":"Radiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":13748,"name":"Contrast Agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contrast_Agents?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":2691061,"name":"Medical Radiation Safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Radiation_Safety?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_18032692 coauthored" data-work_id="18032692" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/18032692/Irradiation_as_a_Food_Preservation_Method_in_Nigeria_Prospects_and_Problems">Irradiation as a Food Preservation Method in Nigeria: Prospects and Problems</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Food irradiation is a food preservation method which involves the process of exposing foodstuffs to a source of energy capable of stripping electrons from individual atoms in the targeted material (ionizing radiation). This method of food... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_18032692" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Food irradiation is a food preservation method which involves the process of exposing foodstuffs to a source of energy capable of stripping electrons from individual atoms in the targeted material (ionizing radiation). This method of food preservation can be referred to as a more advanced form of food preservation. Some school of thought criticize the use of irradiation for food preservation because of the negative impressions of the nuclear industry, and this has made irradiation one the most investigated forms of food preservation. Food irradiation has being endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO), and is currently being used in over 40 countries and approximately 500,000 tons of food items are irradiated yearly all over the world. This work has highlighted some problems associated with the use of food irradiation technology in Nigeria, and has also proffered solutions that can help tackle the said problems. This work has also discussed the process of food irradiation, the recommended sources and the dose range required for effective irradiation of food products. Key words: Irradiation, Prospects, Problems, Food preservation, Nigeria</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18032692" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a83d2e4c9a013af4b38ab8bfc1b123ad" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39839848,"asset_id":18032692,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39839848/download_file?st=MTc0MDMwMTg5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="17339537" href="https://lautech.academia.edu/SULEMANKAMALDEENOLASUNKANMI">SULEMAN KAMALDEEN OLASUNKANMI</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="17339537" type="text/json">{"id":17339537,"first_name":"SULEMAN","last_name":"KAMALDEEN OLASUNKANMI","domain_name":"lautech","page_name":"SULEMANKAMALDEENOLASUNKANMI","display_name":"SULEMAN KAMALDEEN OLASUNKANMI","profile_url":"https://lautech.academia.edu/SULEMANKAMALDEENOLASUNKANMI?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17339537/4814473/5543370/s65_suleman.kamaldeen_olasunkanmi.jpg_oh_b4efbdc551df0a0b970b19ac4f907bfe_oe_54d0fa8d___gda___1418230063_62bb8c51f5294abbf10f04a30a3ef821"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-18032692">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-18032692"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/MARGARETKOFOWOROLAAkinloye">MARGARET KOFOWOROLA Akinloye</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/DAOkunade">D.A. 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This method of food preservation can be referred to as a more advanced form of food preservation. Some school of thought criticize the use of irradiation for food preservation because of the negative impressions of the nuclear industry, and this has made irradiation one the most investigated forms of food preservation. Food irradiation has being endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO), and is currently being used in over 40 countries and approximately 500,000 tons of food items are irradiated yearly all over the world. This work has highlighted some problems associated with the use of food irradiation technology in Nigeria, and has also proffered solutions that can help tackle the said problems. This work has also discussed the process of food irradiation, the recommended sources and the dose range required for effective irradiation of food products. Key words: Irradiation, Prospects, Problems, Food preservation, Nigeria","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39839848,"asset_id":18032692,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":17339537,"first_name":"SULEMAN","last_name":"KAMALDEEN OLASUNKANMI","domain_name":"lautech","page_name":"SULEMANKAMALDEENOLASUNKANMI","display_name":"SULEMAN KAMALDEEN OLASUNKANMI","profile_url":"https://lautech.academia.edu/SULEMANKAMALDEENOLASUNKANMI?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17339537/4814473/5543370/s65_suleman.kamaldeen_olasunkanmi.jpg_oh_b4efbdc551df0a0b970b19ac4f907bfe_oe_54d0fa8d___gda___1418230063_62bb8c51f5294abbf10f04a30a3ef821"},{"id":13974362,"first_name":"MARGARET KOFOWOROLA","last_name":"Akinloye","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MARGARETKOFOWOROLAAkinloye","display_name":"MARGARET KOFOWOROLA Akinloye","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MARGARETKOFOWOROLAAkinloye?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13974362/39384162/32612094/s65_margaret_kofoworola.akinloye.jpg"},{"id":38129408,"first_name":"D.A.","last_name":"Okunade","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DAOkunade","display_name":"D.A. 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Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_process_skill_in_Biology_at_Secondary_Education?f_ri=7987"},{"id":1115412,"name":"Vector Biology \u0026 Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vector_Biology_and_Control-1?f_ri=7987"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=7987"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30767147" data-work_id="30767147" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30767147/Lutetium_177_octreotate_treatment_of_small_intestine_neuroendocrine_tumors_Radiation_biology_as_basis_for_optimization">Lutetium-177-octreotate treatment of small intestine neuroendocrine tumors - Radiation biology as basis for optimization</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) often have metastatic spread at the time of diagnosis. NETs frequently express somatostatin receptors (SSTR) that can be targeted by radiolabeled somatostatin analogs (e.g. 177Lu-octreotate).... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_30767147" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) often have metastatic spread at the time of diagnosis. NETs frequently express somatostatin receptors (SSTR) that can be targeted by radiolabeled somatostatin analogs (e.g. 177Lu-octreotate). Despite being highly effective in animal models (e.g. the human small intestine NET GOT1 transplanted to nude mice), 177Lu-octreotate-based therapies have shown low cure rates in clinical studies. The cellular processes that underlie positive treatment response to 177Lu-octreotate are largely unknown.<br />The aim of this work was to study the possibilities to optimize the therapeutic effects of 177Lu-octreotate in the GOT1 model in nude mice.<br />A literature study of available data on radiolabeled somatostatin analogs on NETs in animal models was performed, to identify strategies for treatment optimization. To test these strategies, GOT1-bearing BALB/c nude mice were treated with non-curative amounts of 177Lu-octreotate in different treatment schedules including single administrations, priming (fractionated) administrations and combination treatment with hedgehog inhibitor sonidegib. Biodistribution and dosimetry studies were performed and anti-tumor effects were monitored by measuring tumor volume. Global transcriptional and proteomic responses in tumor samples were evaluated using RNA microarray and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, respectively.<br />177Lu-octreotate therapy of GOT1 tumors xenotransplanted in nude mice resulted in tumor volume reduction. Priming administration resulted in increased anti-tumor effects and increased therapeutic window. Combination therapy using sonidegib and 177Lu-octreotate resulted in prolonged time to progression. The global transcriptional and proteomic analyses of 177Lu-octreotate treated tumor samples revealed time-specific responses in terms of affected biological functions.<br />In conclusion, time-dependent changes in p53-related cell cycle regulation and apoptosis, angiogenesis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and oxidative stress-related processes suggest possible niches for combination therapy at different time-points after radionuclide therapy. Priming 177Lu-octreotate therapy and combination therapy using sonidegib and 177Lu-octreotate could be beneficial to patients with NE-tumors.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30767147" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="726281911dc36456f2899f70df26f010" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51203791,"asset_id":30767147,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51203791/download_file?st=MTc0MDMwMTg5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35594897" href="https://hsph-harvard.academia.edu/JSpetz">J. Spetz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35594897" type="text/json">{"id":35594897,"first_name":"J.","last_name":"Spetz","domain_name":"hsph-harvard","page_name":"JSpetz","display_name":"J. Spetz","profile_url":"https://hsph-harvard.academia.edu/JSpetz?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35594897/10325545/17754042/s65_j..spetz.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30767147 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30767147"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30767147, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30767147", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_30767147 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30767147; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_30767147"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_30767147 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="30767147"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 30767147; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30767147]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30767147").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30767147").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30767147"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1328" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation">Radiation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1328" type="text/json">{"id":1328,"name":"Radiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6021" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer">Cancer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6021" type="text/json">{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7987" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology">Radiation Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7987" type="text/json">{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10035" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_medicine">Nuclear medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10035" type="text/json">{"id":10035,"name":"Nuclear medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_medicine?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30767147]'), work: {"id":30767147,"title":"Lutetium-177-octreotate treatment of small intestine neuroendocrine tumors - Radiation biology as basis for optimization","created_at":"2017-01-05T06:48:55.682-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30767147/Lutetium_177_octreotate_treatment_of_small_intestine_neuroendocrine_tumors_Radiation_biology_as_basis_for_optimization?f_ri=7987","dom_id":"work_30767147","summary":"Patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) often have metastatic spread at the time of diagnosis. NETs frequently express somatostatin receptors (SSTR) that can be targeted by radiolabeled somatostatin analogs (e.g. 177Lu-octreotate). Despite being highly effective in animal models (e.g. the human small intestine NET GOT1 transplanted to nude mice), 177Lu-octreotate-based therapies have shown low cure rates in clinical studies. The cellular processes that underlie positive treatment response to 177Lu-octreotate are largely unknown.\nThe aim of this work was to study the possibilities to optimize the therapeutic effects of 177Lu-octreotate in the GOT1 model in nude mice.\nA literature study of available data on radiolabeled somatostatin analogs on NETs in animal models was performed, to identify strategies for treatment optimization. To test these strategies, GOT1-bearing BALB/c nude mice were treated with non-curative amounts of 177Lu-octreotate in different treatment schedules including single administrations, priming (fractionated) administrations and combination treatment with hedgehog inhibitor sonidegib. Biodistribution and dosimetry studies were performed and anti-tumor effects were monitored by measuring tumor volume. Global transcriptional and proteomic responses in tumor samples were evaluated using RNA microarray and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, respectively.\n177Lu-octreotate therapy of GOT1 tumors xenotransplanted in nude mice resulted in tumor volume reduction. Priming administration resulted in increased anti-tumor effects and increased therapeutic window. Combination therapy using sonidegib and 177Lu-octreotate resulted in prolonged time to progression. The global transcriptional and proteomic analyses of 177Lu-octreotate treated tumor samples revealed time-specific responses in terms of affected biological functions.\nIn conclusion, time-dependent changes in p53-related cell cycle regulation and apoptosis, angiogenesis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and oxidative stress-related processes suggest possible niches for combination therapy at different time-points after radionuclide therapy. Priming 177Lu-octreotate therapy and combination therapy using sonidegib and 177Lu-octreotate could be beneficial to patients with NE-tumors.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51203791,"asset_id":30767147,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35594897,"first_name":"J.","last_name":"Spetz","domain_name":"hsph-harvard","page_name":"JSpetz","display_name":"J. Spetz","profile_url":"https://hsph-harvard.academia.edu/JSpetz?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35594897/10325545/17754042/s65_j..spetz.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1328,"name":"Radiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":10035,"name":"Nuclear medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_medicine?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":14195,"name":"Cancer Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_Biology?f_ri=7987"},{"id":22255,"name":"Cancer Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_Research?f_ri=7987"},{"id":490713,"name":"SSTR","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/SSTR?f_ri=7987"},{"id":1196748,"name":"Carcinoid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carcinoid?f_ri=7987"},{"id":1233105,"name":"Neuroendocrine Tumors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neuroendocrine_Tumors?f_ri=7987"},{"id":1271382,"name":"Radionuclide Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radionuclide_Therapy?f_ri=7987"},{"id":1880655,"name":"Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peptide_receptor_radionuclide_therapy?f_ri=7987"},{"id":1942933,"name":"Somatostatin Receptor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Somatostatin_Receptor?f_ri=7987"},{"id":2606678,"name":"PRRT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/PRRT?f_ri=7987"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38366966 coauthored" data-work_id="38366966" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38366966/Radiation_Protection_and_Mitigation_by_Natural_Antioxidants_and_Flavonoids_Implications_to_Radiotherapy_and_Radiation_Disasters">Radiation Protection and Mitigation by Natural Antioxidants and Flavonoids: Implications to Radiotherapy and Radiation Disasters</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Nowadays, ionizing radiations are used for various medical and terroristic aims. These purposes involve exposure to ionizing radiations. Hence, people are at risk for acute or late effects. Annually, millions of cancer... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38366966" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Nowadays, ionizing radiations are used for various medical and terroristic aims. These purposes involve exposure to ionizing radiations. Hence, people are at risk for acute or late effects. Annually, millions of cancer patients undergo radiotherapy during their course of treatment. Also, some radiological or nuclear events in recent years pose a threat to people, hence the need for radiation mitigation strategies. Amifostine, the first FDA approved radioprotector, has shown some toxicities that limit its usage and efficiency. Due to these side effects, scientists have researched for other agents with less toxicity for better radioprotection and possible mitigation of the lethal effects of ionizing radiations after an accidental exposure. Flavonoids have shown promising results for radioprotection and can be administered in higher doses with less toxicity. Studies for mitigation of ionizing radiation-induced toxicities has concentrated on natural antioxidants. Detoxification of free radicals, management of inflammatory responses and attenuation of apoptosis signaling pathways in radiosensitive organs are the main mechanisms for radiation protection and mitigation with flavonoids and natural antioxidants. However, several studies have proposed that a combination in the form of some antioxidants may alleviate radiation toxicities more effectively in comparison to a single form of antioxidants. Conclusion: In this review, we focus on recent findings about natural radioprotectors and mitigators which are clinically applicable for radiotherapy patients, as well as injured people in possible radiation accidents.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38366966" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="629eb1c45f13f44df3e8725291e4cccd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58420135,"asset_id":38366966,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58420135/download_file?st=MTc0MDMwMTg5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="652424" href="https://kums.academia.edu/MasoudNajafi">Masoud Najafi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="652424" type="text/json">{"id":652424,"first_name":"Masoud","last_name":"Najafi","domain_name":"kums","page_name":"MasoudNajafi","display_name":"Masoud Najafi","profile_url":"https://kums.academia.edu/MasoudNajafi?f_ri=7987","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-38366966">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-38366966"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/BagherFarhood">Bagher Farhood</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-38366966'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-38366966').html(); 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These purposes involve exposure to ionizing radiations. Hence, people are at risk for acute or late effects. Annually, millions of cancer patients undergo radiotherapy during their course of treatment. Also, some radiological or nuclear events in recent years pose a threat to people, hence the need for radiation mitigation strategies. Amifostine, the first FDA approved radioprotector, has shown some toxicities that limit its usage and efficiency. Due to these side effects, scientists have researched for other agents with less toxicity for better radioprotection and possible mitigation of the lethal effects of ionizing radiations after an accidental exposure. Flavonoids have shown promising results for radioprotection and can be administered in higher doses with less toxicity. Studies for mitigation of ionizing radiation-induced toxicities has concentrated on natural antioxidants. Detoxification of free radicals, management of inflammatory responses and attenuation of apoptosis signaling pathways in radiosensitive organs are the main mechanisms for radiation protection and mitigation with flavonoids and natural antioxidants. However, several studies have proposed that a combination in the form of some antioxidants may alleviate radiation toxicities more effectively in comparison to a single form of antioxidants. Conclusion: In this review, we focus on recent findings about natural radioprotectors and mitigators which are clinically applicable for radiotherapy patients, as well as injured people in possible radiation accidents.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58420135,"asset_id":38366966,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":652424,"first_name":"Masoud","last_name":"Najafi","domain_name":"kums","page_name":"MasoudNajafi","display_name":"Masoud Najafi","profile_url":"https://kums.academia.edu/MasoudNajafi?f_ri=7987","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":52302761,"first_name":"Bagher","last_name":"Farhood","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BagherFarhood","display_name":"Bagher Farhood","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BagherFarhood?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/52302761/50073031/38069630/s65_bagher.farhood.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1328,"name":"Radiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":2443,"name":"Radiation Oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Oncology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":10030,"name":"Radiation Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Therapy?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":10032,"name":"Radiation Protection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Protection?f_ri=7987"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23407068" data-work_id="23407068" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23407068/Health_effects_of_radon_A_review_of_the_literature">Health effects of radon: A review of the literature</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23407068" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e6adf7d24b6e00d1530e38bf0f5b60a7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43853243,"asset_id":23407068,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43853243/download_file?st=MTc0MDMwMTg5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="45289407" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MustafaalZoughool">Mustafa al-Zoughool</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="45289407" type="text/json">{"id":45289407,"first_name":"Mustafa","last_name":"al-Zoughool","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MustafaalZoughool","display_name":"Mustafa al-Zoughool","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MustafaalZoughool?f_ri=7987","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23407068 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23407068"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23407068, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23407068", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23407068]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_23407068").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_23407068").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="23407068"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7987" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology">Radiation Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7987" type="text/json">{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18496" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mining">Mining</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18496" type="text/json">{"id":18496,"name":"Mining","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mining?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences">Biological Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="47884" type="text/json">{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23407068]'), work: {"id":23407068,"title":"Health effects of radon: A review of the literature","created_at":"2016-03-18T04:47:58.746-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23407068/Health_effects_of_radon_A_review_of_the_literature?f_ri=7987","dom_id":"work_23407068","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43853243,"asset_id":23407068,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":45289407,"first_name":"Mustafa","last_name":"al-Zoughool","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MustafaalZoughool","display_name":"Mustafa al-Zoughool","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MustafaalZoughool?f_ri=7987","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":18496,"name":"Mining","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mining?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":225942,"name":"Radon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radon?f_ri=7987"},{"id":295244,"name":"Indoor air pollution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indoor_air_pollution?f_ri=7987"},{"id":962276,"name":"Occupational Diseases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occupational_Diseases?f_ri=7987"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_44702787" data-work_id="44702787" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44702787/Strahlen_im_Kalten_Krieg_Nuklearer_Alltag_und_atomarer_Notfall_in_der_Schweiz_Paderborn_2020_Ferdinand_Sch%C3%B6ningh_Krieg_in_der_Geschichte_Bd_114_">Strahlen im Kalten Krieg. Nuklearer Alltag und atomarer Notfall in der Schweiz, Paderborn 2020: Ferdinand Schöningh (Krieg in der Geschichte, Bd. 114).</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Im Kalten Krieg avancierten Atombomben zur bedeutendsten Bedrohung, Kernkraftwerke versprachen riesige Mengen an Energie und Radioisotope befeuerten biomedizinische Forschungen. Strahlen bündelten die Zukunftsversprechen und Visionen,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_44702787" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Im Kalten Krieg avancierten Atombomben zur bedeutendsten Bedrohung, Kernkraftwerke versprachen riesige Mengen an Energie und Radioisotope befeuerten biomedizinische Forschungen. Strahlen bündelten die Zukunftsversprechen und Visionen, aber auch die Ängste und Bedrohungsvorstellungen der Epoche. <br /> <br />Die Studie nimmt Akteure aus Militär, Verwaltung, Wirtschaft und Wissenschaft in den Blick und zeigt auf, wie in der Schweiz seit dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges bis zur Reaktorkatastrophe von Tschernobyl mit Strahlen umgegangen wurde. Sie beleuchtet nicht nur die Vorbereitungen auf einen künftigen Atomkrieg, sondern auch die Vorkehrungen für einen nuklearen Alltag. Die Geschichte von Strahlen und den gegen sie ergriffenen Schutzmaßnahmen gibt Aufschluss über die noch wenig erforschte politische Kultur der Schweiz im Kalten Krieg.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/44702787" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ccc72a98b6d3ac14c06935923ddb017f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65180466,"asset_id":44702787,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65180466/download_file?st=MTc0MDMwMTg5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="35034980" href="https://bern.academia.edu/SibylleMarti">Sibylle Marti</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="35034980" type="text/json">{"id":35034980,"first_name":"Sibylle","last_name":"Marti","domain_name":"bern","page_name":"SibylleMarti","display_name":"Sibylle Marti","profile_url":"https://bern.academia.edu/SibylleMarti?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35034980/10210461/34128264/s65_sibylle.marti.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_44702787 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="44702787"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44702787, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_44702787", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44702787]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_44702787").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_44702787").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="44702787"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1328" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation">Radiation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1328" type="text/json">{"id":1328,"name":"Radiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3651" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cold_War_and_Culture">Cold War and Culture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3651" type="text/json">{"id":3651,"name":"Cold War and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cold_War_and_Culture?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3723" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science">History of Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3723" type="text/json">{"id":3723,"name":"History of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4507" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Weapons">Nuclear Weapons</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4507" type="text/json">{"id":4507,"name":"Nuclear Weapons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Weapons?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=44702787]'), work: {"id":44702787,"title":"Strahlen im Kalten Krieg. Nuklearer Alltag und atomarer Notfall in der Schweiz, Paderborn 2020: Ferdinand Schöningh (Krieg in der Geschichte, Bd. 114).","created_at":"2020-12-14T09:00:58.465-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/44702787/Strahlen_im_Kalten_Krieg_Nuklearer_Alltag_und_atomarer_Notfall_in_der_Schweiz_Paderborn_2020_Ferdinand_Sch%C3%B6ningh_Krieg_in_der_Geschichte_Bd_114_?f_ri=7987","dom_id":"work_44702787","summary":"Im Kalten Krieg avancierten Atombomben zur bedeutendsten Bedrohung, Kernkraftwerke versprachen riesige Mengen an Energie und Radioisotope befeuerten biomedizinische Forschungen. Strahlen bündelten die Zukunftsversprechen und Visionen, aber auch die Ängste und Bedrohungsvorstellungen der Epoche.\r\n\r\nDie Studie nimmt Akteure aus Militär, Verwaltung, Wirtschaft und Wissenschaft in den Blick und zeigt auf, wie in der Schweiz seit dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges bis zur Reaktorkatastrophe von Tschernobyl mit Strahlen umgegangen wurde. Sie beleuchtet nicht nur die Vorbereitungen auf einen künftigen Atomkrieg, sondern auch die Vorkehrungen für einen nuklearen Alltag. Die Geschichte von Strahlen und den gegen sie ergriffenen Schutzmaßnahmen gibt Aufschluss über die noch wenig erforschte politische Kultur der Schweiz im Kalten Krieg.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65180466,"asset_id":44702787,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":35034980,"first_name":"Sibylle","last_name":"Marti","domain_name":"bern","page_name":"SibylleMarti","display_name":"Sibylle Marti","profile_url":"https://bern.academia.edu/SibylleMarti?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/35034980/10210461/34128264/s65_sibylle.marti.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1328,"name":"Radiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":3651,"name":"Cold War and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cold_War_and_Culture?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":3723,"name":"History of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Science?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":4507,"name":"Nuclear Weapons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Weapons?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":5214,"name":"Cold War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cold_War?f_ri=7987"},{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987"},{"id":10032,"name":"Radiation Protection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Protection?f_ri=7987"},{"id":10035,"name":"Nuclear medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_medicine?f_ri=7987"},{"id":32496,"name":"History of knowledge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_knowledge?f_ri=7987"},{"id":33752,"name":"History of Switzerland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Switzerland?f_ri=7987"},{"id":35802,"name":"Cold War history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cold_War_history?f_ri=7987"},{"id":84820,"name":"Nuclear power","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_power?f_ri=7987"},{"id":149208,"name":"Atomic Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atomic_Energy?f_ri=7987"},{"id":152580,"name":"Switzerland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Switzerland?f_ri=7987"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29915855 coauthored" data-work_id="29915855" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29915855/Assessment_of_peak_kilovoltage_accuracy_in_ten_selected_X_ray_centers_in_Lagos_metropolis_South_Western_Nigeria_A_quality_control_test_to_determine_energy_output_accuracy_of_an_X_ray_generator">Assessment of peak kilovoltage accuracy in ten selected X‑ray centers in Lagos metropolis, South‑Western Nigeria: A quality control test to determine energy output accuracy of an X‑ray generator</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Most X‑ray centers recruited for this study admitted that there have been no maintenance checks on the energy output accuracy of their X‑ray machines. Most centers complained of recurrent machine breakdown due to poor power... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29915855" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Most X‑ray centers recruited for this study admitted that there have been no maintenance checks on the<br />energy output accuracy of their X‑ray machines. Most centers complained of recurrent machine breakdown due to poor<br />power supply, while others pointed out that X‑ray machine age could be a contributory factor to poor image quality.<br />Aim and Objectives: To determine peak kilovoltage (kVp) accuracy of individual X‑ray unit and to compare their values<br />with recommended standards and to further establish if machine age has a significant effect on mean kVp accuracy.<br />Materials and Methods: One dedicated conventional X‑ray unit in each of the ten diagnostic centers was used for this<br />study denoted as D1<br />−D10. kVp was measured using a noninvasive Unfors ThinX RAD kVp meter. The kVp accuracy test<br />was carried out by positioning the Unfors ThinX RAD kVp meter at the center of the beam axis of the patient’s couch at<br />a focus to image distance of 100 cm. The X‑ray machine technical factors were varied by selecting tube potential within<br />the range of 50−120 kVp at a fixed tube current of 20 mA. Data analysis value was done using GraphPad Prism version 5.0<br />statistics software (GraphPad Software, Inc., San Diego, California, USA). Results: The kVp accuracy test for X‑ray units D1<br />, D2<br />,<br />D5<br />, D6<br />, D7<br />, and D8<br /> were within an acceptable limit of ±5% at all selected tube potential from 50 to 120 kVp, X‑ray units D2<br />and D6<br /> showed accurate compliance at much lower kVp accuracy values. X‑ray units D3<br /> and D10 were above ±5% accuracy<br />limit at all selected kVp tube potential. No statistically significant differences exist between machine age and mean kVp<br />accuracy (P = 0.770). Conclusion: One‑fourth of the total kVp accuracy results were above ±5% limit. Old X‑ray machine<br />had higher chances of failed kVp accuracy. Traces of failed test were also noticed in X‑ray machines below 5 years.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29915855" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cfc488f3128d77691153f1184da7ab93" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50376050,"asset_id":29915855,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50376050/download_file?st=MTc0MDMwMTg5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="56808829" href="https://cmul.academia.edu/SamuelAdeneye">Samuel Adeneye</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="56808829" type="text/json">{"id":56808829,"first_name":"Samuel","last_name":"Adeneye","domain_name":"cmul","page_name":"SamuelAdeneye","display_name":"Samuel Adeneye","profile_url":"https://cmul.academia.edu/SamuelAdeneye?f_ri=7987","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-29915855">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-29915855"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/MosesadebayoAweda">Mosesadebayo Aweda</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-29915855'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-29915855').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29915855 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29915855"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29915855, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29915855", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_29915855 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29915855; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_29915855"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_29915855 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29915855"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29915855; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29915855]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29915855").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29915855").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29915855"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7987" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology">Radiation Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7987" type="text/json">{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10030" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Therapy">Radiation Therapy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10030" type="text/json">{"id":10030,"name":"Radiation Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Therapy?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10031" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Dosimetry">Radiation Dosimetry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10031" type="text/json">{"id":10031,"name":"Radiation Dosimetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Dosimetry?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10032" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Protection">Radiation Protection</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10032" type="text/json">{"id":10032,"name":"Radiation Protection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Protection?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29915855]'), work: {"id":29915855,"title":"Assessment of peak kilovoltage accuracy in ten selected X‑ray centers in Lagos metropolis, South‑Western Nigeria: A quality control test to determine energy output accuracy of an X‑ray generator","created_at":"2016-11-17T07:21:19.671-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29915855/Assessment_of_peak_kilovoltage_accuracy_in_ten_selected_X_ray_centers_in_Lagos_metropolis_South_Western_Nigeria_A_quality_control_test_to_determine_energy_output_accuracy_of_an_X_ray_generator?f_ri=7987","dom_id":"work_29915855","summary":"Background: Most X‑ray centers recruited for this study admitted that there have been no maintenance checks on the\nenergy output accuracy of their X‑ray machines. Most centers complained of recurrent machine breakdown due to poor\npower supply, while others pointed out that X‑ray machine age could be a contributory factor to poor image quality.\nAim and Objectives: To determine peak kilovoltage (kVp) accuracy of individual X‑ray unit and to compare their values\nwith recommended standards and to further establish if machine age has a significant effect on mean kVp accuracy.\nMaterials and Methods: One dedicated conventional X‑ray unit in each of the ten diagnostic centers was used for this\nstudy denoted as D1\n−D10. kVp was measured using a noninvasive Unfors ThinX RAD kVp meter. The kVp accuracy test\nwas carried out by positioning the Unfors ThinX RAD kVp meter at the center of the beam axis of the patient’s couch at\na focus to image distance of 100 cm. The X‑ray machine technical factors were varied by selecting tube potential within\nthe range of 50−120 kVp at a fixed tube current of 20 mA. Data analysis value was done using GraphPad Prism version 5.0\nstatistics software (GraphPad Software, Inc., San Diego, California, USA). Results: The kVp accuracy test for X‑ray units D1\n, D2\n,\nD5\n, D6\n, D7\n, and D8\n were within an acceptable limit of ±5% at all selected tube potential from 50 to 120 kVp, X‑ray units D2\nand D6\n showed accurate compliance at much lower kVp accuracy values. X‑ray units D3\n and D10 were above ±5% accuracy\nlimit at all selected kVp tube potential. No statistically significant differences exist between machine age and mean kVp\naccuracy (P = 0.770). Conclusion: One‑fourth of the total kVp accuracy results were above ±5% limit. Old X‑ray machine\nhad higher chances of failed kVp accuracy. Traces of failed test were also noticed in X‑ray machines below 5 years.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50376050,"asset_id":29915855,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":56808829,"first_name":"Samuel","last_name":"Adeneye","domain_name":"cmul","page_name":"SamuelAdeneye","display_name":"Samuel Adeneye","profile_url":"https://cmul.academia.edu/SamuelAdeneye?f_ri=7987","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":56875300,"first_name":"Mosesadebayo","last_name":"Aweda","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MosesadebayoAweda","display_name":"Mosesadebayo Aweda","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MosesadebayoAweda?f_ri=7987","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":10030,"name":"Radiation Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Therapy?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":10031,"name":"Radiation Dosimetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Dosimetry?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":10032,"name":"Radiation Protection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Protection?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":10268,"name":"Medical Radiation Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Radiation_Physics?f_ri=7987"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20746118 coauthored" data-work_id="20746118" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20746118/The_effect_of_radiofrequency_radiation_on_DNA_and_lipid_damage_in_female_and_male_infant_rabbits">The effect of radiofrequency radiation on DNA and lipid damage in female and male infant rabbits</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Purpose: We aimed to design a prolonged radiofrequency (RF) radiation exposure and investigate in an animal model, possible bio-eff ects of RF radiation on the ongoing developmental stages of children from conception to childhood.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20746118" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Purpose: We aimed to design a prolonged radiofrequency (RF) radiation exposure and investigate in an animal model, possible bio-eff ects of RF radiation on the ongoing developmental stages of children from conception to childhood. Materials and methods: A total of 72 New Zealand female and male white rabbits aged one month were used. Females were exposed to RF radiation for 15 min/day during 7 days, whereas males were exposed to the same level of radiation for 15 min/day during 14 days. Thirty-six female and 36 male infant rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: Group I [Intrauterine (IU) exposure ( -); Extrauterine (EU) exposure ( -)]: Sham exposure which means rabbits were exposed to 1800 MHz Global System for Mobile Telecommunication (GSM)-like RF signals neither in the IU nor in the EU periods. Group II [IU exposure ( -); EU exposure ( + )]: Infant rabbits were exposed to 1800 MHz GSMlike RF signals when they reached one month of age. Group III [IU exposure ( + ); EU exposure ( -)]: Infant rabbits were exposed to 1800 MHz GSM-like RF signals in the IU period (between 15th and 22nd days of the gestational period). Group IV [IU exposure ( + ); EU exposure ( + )]: Infant rabbits were exposed to 1800 MHz GSM-like RF signals both in the IU period (between 15th and 22nd days of the gestational period) and in the EU period when they reached one month of age. Biochemical analysis for lipid peroxidation and DNA damage were carried out in the livers of all rabbits. Results: Lipid peroxidation levels in the liver tissues of female and male infant rabbits increased under RF radiation exposure. Liver 8-hydroxy-2 ' -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels of female rabbits exposed to RF radiation were also found to increase when compared with the levels of non-exposed infants. However, there were no changes in liver 8-OHdG levels of male rabbits under RF exposure. Conclusion: Consequently, it can be concluded that GSM-like RF radiation may induce biochemical changes by increasing free radical attacks to structural biomolecules in the rabbit as an experimental animal model.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20746118" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2c7f095b305e1fab07f15dec7582b98a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41538956,"asset_id":20746118,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41538956/download_file?st=MTc0MDMwMTg5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42041594" href="https://gazi.academia.edu/NesrinSeyhan">Nesrin Seyhan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42041594" type="text/json">{"id":42041594,"first_name":"Nesrin","last_name":"Seyhan","domain_name":"gazi","page_name":"NesrinSeyhan","display_name":"Nesrin Seyhan","profile_url":"https://gazi.academia.edu/NesrinSeyhan?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42041594/11360574/12672964/s65_nesrin.seyhan.jpg_oh_2632f8e7eba356eec251be7b434580c0_oe_57408143"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-20746118">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-20746118"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://medgazi.academia.edu/ARINTOMRUK">ARIN TOMRUK</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://gazi.academia.edu/El%C3%A7in%C3%96zg%C3%BCr">Elçin Özgür</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-20746118'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-20746118').html(); 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Materials and methods: A total of 72 New Zealand female and male white rabbits aged one month were used. Females were exposed to RF radiation for 15 min/day during 7 days, whereas males were exposed to the same level of radiation for 15 min/day during 14 days. Thirty-six female and 36 male infant rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: Group I [Intrauterine (IU) exposure ( -); Extrauterine (EU) exposure ( -)]: Sham exposure which means rabbits were exposed to 1800 MHz Global System for Mobile Telecommunication (GSM)-like RF signals neither in the IU nor in the EU periods. Group II [IU exposure ( -); EU exposure ( + )]: Infant rabbits were exposed to 1800 MHz GSMlike RF signals when they reached one month of age. Group III [IU exposure ( + ); EU exposure ( -)]: Infant rabbits were exposed to 1800 MHz GSM-like RF signals in the IU period (between 15th and 22nd days of the gestational period). Group IV [IU exposure ( + ); EU exposure ( + )]: Infant rabbits were exposed to 1800 MHz GSM-like RF signals both in the IU period (between 15th and 22nd days of the gestational period) and in the EU period when they reached one month of age. Biochemical analysis for lipid peroxidation and DNA damage were carried out in the livers of all rabbits. Results: Lipid peroxidation levels in the liver tissues of female and male infant rabbits increased under RF radiation exposure. Liver 8-hydroxy-2 ' -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels of female rabbits exposed to RF radiation were also found to increase when compared with the levels of non-exposed infants. However, there were no changes in liver 8-OHdG levels of male rabbits under RF exposure. Conclusion: Consequently, it can be concluded that GSM-like RF radiation may induce biochemical changes by increasing free radical attacks to structural biomolecules in the rabbit as an experimental animal model.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41538956,"asset_id":20746118,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42041594,"first_name":"Nesrin","last_name":"Seyhan","domain_name":"gazi","page_name":"NesrinSeyhan","display_name":"Nesrin Seyhan","profile_url":"https://gazi.academia.edu/NesrinSeyhan?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42041594/11360574/12672964/s65_nesrin.seyhan.jpg_oh_2632f8e7eba356eec251be7b434580c0_oe_57408143"},{"id":42146264,"first_name":"ARIN","last_name":"TOMRUK","domain_name":"medgazi","page_name":"ARINTOMRUK","display_name":"ARIN 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Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/E.g._Biology?f_ri=7987"},{"id":1115412,"name":"Vector Biology \u0026 Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vector_Biology_and_Control-1?f_ri=7987"},{"id":1239755,"name":"Neurosciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neurosciences?f_ri=7987"},{"id":1681026,"name":"Biochemistry and cell biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biochemistry_and_cell_biology?f_ri=7987"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34855279" data-work_id="34855279" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34855279/Clastogenic_and_Aneugenic_Responses_of_Supplemental_UV_B_Radiation_on_Root_Meristems_of_Lentil">Clastogenic and Aneugenic Responses of Supplemental UV-B Radiation on Root Meristems of Lentil</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">All living organisms are inseparably interdependent with natural environment and interact with each other. UV-B radiation is a part of sun's energy which due to depletion of ozone veil penetrates the earth's surface in an elevated level... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34855279" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">All living organisms are inseparably interdependent with natural environment and interact with each other. UV-B radiation is a part of sun's energy which due to depletion of ozone veil penetrates the earth's surface in an elevated level and disrupts the vital metabolic processes of plants and induces genetic instability, which will ultimately be translocated to various trophic levels. Considering the above forementioned risk of UV-B on plants, the present experimental work has been designed to study the effect of UV-B exposure on root meristems of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik). Experiment was carried out in four sets viz. A, B, C and D. A,B,C sets were treated with UV-B radiations for 20min, 40min,and 60min, successively for 1 day, 2day and 3day. Set D remain unradiated being kept as control. After each irradiation, roots were cut off from seeds and fixed in Carnoy's fixative (GAA: AA, 1:3) for 24 hours then transferred in 90% alcohol. With the help of squash technique cytological slides were prepared. Various types of chromosomal anomalies were reported however the more prevalent were unorientation, precocious chromosomes, stickiness, scattering, c-mitosis, non-synchronisation, laggards, bridges etc. It was observed that the chromotoxic effect of UV-B was exaggerated as exposure duration elevated as evident in 60 minute treated sets. Hence, it was concluded that the higher intensity of UV-B exposure duration is fatal and genotoxic for plant's genetic machinery and induces genome instability.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34855279" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c071bc53c107e2f5f83f983c649968b0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54714052,"asset_id":34855279,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54714052/download_file?st=MTc0MDMwMTg5MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="61354660" href="https://allduniv.academia.edu/ashapandey">asha pandey</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="61354660" type="text/json">{"id":61354660,"first_name":"asha","last_name":"pandey","domain_name":"allduniv","page_name":"ashapandey","display_name":"asha pandey","profile_url":"https://allduniv.academia.edu/ashapandey?f_ri=7987","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34855279 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34855279"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34855279, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34855279", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_34855279 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34855279; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_34855279"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_34855279 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34855279"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34855279; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34855279]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34855279").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34855279").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34855279"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7987" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology">Radiation Biology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7987" type="text/json">{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34855279]'), work: {"id":34855279,"title":"Clastogenic and Aneugenic Responses of Supplemental UV-B Radiation on Root Meristems of Lentil","created_at":"2017-10-13T23:11:09.231-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34855279/Clastogenic_and_Aneugenic_Responses_of_Supplemental_UV_B_Radiation_on_Root_Meristems_of_Lentil?f_ri=7987","dom_id":"work_34855279","summary":"All living organisms are inseparably interdependent with natural environment and interact with each other. UV-B radiation is a part of sun's energy which due to depletion of ozone veil penetrates the earth's surface in an elevated level and disrupts the vital metabolic processes of plants and induces genetic instability, which will ultimately be translocated to various trophic levels. Considering the above forementioned risk of UV-B on plants, the present experimental work has been designed to study the effect of UV-B exposure on root meristems of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik). Experiment was carried out in four sets viz. A, B, C and D. A,B,C sets were treated with UV-B radiations for 20min, 40min,and 60min, successively for 1 day, 2day and 3day. Set D remain unradiated being kept as control. After each irradiation, roots were cut off from seeds and fixed in Carnoy's fixative (GAA: AA, 1:3) for 24 hours then transferred in 90% alcohol. With the help of squash technique cytological slides were prepared. Various types of chromosomal anomalies were reported however the more prevalent were unorientation, precocious chromosomes, stickiness, scattering, c-mitosis, non-synchronisation, laggards, bridges etc. It was observed that the chromotoxic effect of UV-B was exaggerated as exposure duration elevated as evident in 60 minute treated sets. Hence, it was concluded that the higher intensity of UV-B exposure duration is fatal and genotoxic for plant's genetic machinery and induces genome instability.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54714052,"asset_id":34855279,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":61354660,"first_name":"asha","last_name":"pandey","domain_name":"allduniv","page_name":"ashapandey","display_name":"asha pandey","profile_url":"https://allduniv.academia.edu/ashapandey?f_ri=7987","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_41114206" data-work_id="41114206" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41114206/NF_%CE%BAB_targeting_for_overcoming_tumor_resistance_and_normal_tissues_toxicity">NF-κB targeting for overcoming tumor resistance and normal tissues toxicity</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are two famous modalities in tumor-targeted therapy that lead to systemic and local toxicities for normal tissues. Moreover, several studies have confirmed that exposure of the tumor to radiation or... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_41114206" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are two famous modalities in tumor-targeted therapy that lead to systemic and local toxicities for normal tissues. Moreover, several studies have confirmed that exposure of the tumor to radiation or chemotherapy drugs stimulate some signaling pathways in the tumor microenviron-ment (TME), leading to resistance of cancer cells to apoptosis, as well as promoting angiogenesis and tumor growth. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) plays a central role in the regulation of inflammatory responses in both normal tissues and tumors via the release of several cytokines, regulation of prostaglandins, reduction/oxidation (redox) reactions, angiogenesis, and cell death. Upregulation of NF-κB in normal tissues causes an appearance of inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress, whereas it regulates angiogenesis and suppresses apoptosis, leading to resistance to subsequent doses of radiation or chemotherapy. Selective inhibition of NF-κB in experimental studies has shown promising results for tumor sensitization via apoptosis induction, inhibition of angiogenesis, and increasing delay of tumor growth. The use of some agents for NF-κB inhibition has been shown to alleviate radiation/chemotherapy toxicities in normal cells/ tissues. In this current review, we explained the pivotal role of NF-κB in both normal tissue toxicity and tumor resistance. We also discussed the promising strategies for overcoming these problems with regard to chemotherapy and radiotherapy.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/41114206" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2a57e5e5b7587b8e521ff34be4d83db6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61368281,"asset_id":41114206,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61368281/download_file?st=MTc0MDMwMTg5MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="652424" href="https://kums.academia.edu/MasoudNajafi">Masoud Najafi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="652424" type="text/json">{"id":652424,"first_name":"Masoud","last_name":"Najafi","domain_name":"kums","page_name":"MasoudNajafi","display_name":"Masoud Najafi","profile_url":"https://kums.academia.edu/MasoudNajafi?f_ri=7987","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_41114206 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="41114206"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 41114206, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_41114206", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_41114206 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41114206; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_41114206"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_41114206 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="41114206"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 41114206; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=41114206]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_41114206").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_41114206").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="41114206"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2443" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Oncology">Radiation Oncology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2443" type="text/json">{"id":2443,"name":"Radiation Oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Oncology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6021" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer">Cancer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6021" type="text/json">{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7987" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology">Radiation Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7987" type="text/json">{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11816" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tumor_Immunology">Tumor Immunology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11816" type="text/json">{"id":11816,"name":"Tumor Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tumor_Immunology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=41114206]'), work: {"id":41114206,"title":"NF-κB targeting for overcoming tumor resistance and normal tissues toxicity","created_at":"2019-11-28T13:28:03.383-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/41114206/NF_%CE%BAB_targeting_for_overcoming_tumor_resistance_and_normal_tissues_toxicity?f_ri=7987","dom_id":"work_41114206","summary":"Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are two famous modalities in tumor-targeted therapy that lead to systemic and local toxicities for normal tissues. Moreover, several studies have confirmed that exposure of the tumor to radiation or chemotherapy drugs stimulate some signaling pathways in the tumor microenviron-ment (TME), leading to resistance of cancer cells to apoptosis, as well as promoting angiogenesis and tumor growth. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) plays a central role in the regulation of inflammatory responses in both normal tissues and tumors via the release of several cytokines, regulation of prostaglandins, reduction/oxidation (redox) reactions, angiogenesis, and cell death. Upregulation of NF-κB in normal tissues causes an appearance of inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress, whereas it regulates angiogenesis and suppresses apoptosis, leading to resistance to subsequent doses of radiation or chemotherapy. Selective inhibition of NF-κB in experimental studies has shown promising results for tumor sensitization via apoptosis induction, inhibition of angiogenesis, and increasing delay of tumor growth. The use of some agents for NF-κB inhibition has been shown to alleviate radiation/chemotherapy toxicities in normal cells/ tissues. In this current review, we explained the pivotal role of NF-κB in both normal tissue toxicity and tumor resistance. We also discussed the promising strategies for overcoming these problems with regard to chemotherapy and radiotherapy.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61368281,"asset_id":41114206,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":652424,"first_name":"Masoud","last_name":"Najafi","domain_name":"kums","page_name":"MasoudNajafi","display_name":"Masoud Najafi","profile_url":"https://kums.academia.edu/MasoudNajafi?f_ri=7987","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2443,"name":"Radiation Oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Oncology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":11816,"name":"Tumor Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tumor_Immunology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":13828,"name":"Cancer Cell Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_Cell_Biology?f_ri=7987"},{"id":14195,"name":"Cancer Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_Biology?f_ri=7987"},{"id":22255,"name":"Cancer Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_Research?f_ri=7987"},{"id":62710,"name":"Tumor microenvironment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tumor_microenvironment?f_ri=7987"},{"id":954336,"name":"Multi Drug Resistant Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multi_Drug_Resistant_Cancer?f_ri=7987"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38366977" data-work_id="38366977" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38366977/Melatonin_as_an_adjuvant_in_radiotherapy_for_radioprotection_and_radiosensitization">Melatonin as an adjuvant in radiotherapy for radioprotection and radiosensitization</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">It is estimated that more than half of cancer patients undergo radiotherapy during the course of their treatment. Despite its beneficial therapeutic effects on tumor cells, exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation (IR) is associated... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38366977" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">It is estimated that more than half of cancer patients undergo radiotherapy during the course of their treatment. Despite its beneficial therapeutic effects on tumor cells, exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation (IR) is associated with several side effects. Although improvements in radiotherapy techniques and instruments could reduce these side effects, there are still important concerns for cancer patients. For several years, scientists have been trying to modulate tumor and normal tissue responses to IR, leading to an increase in therapeutic ratio. So far, several types of radioprotectors and radiosensitizers have been investigated in experimental studies. However, high toxicity of chemical sensitizers or possible tumor protection by radioprotectors creates a doubt for their clinical applications. On the other hand, the protective effects of these radioprotectors or sensitizer effects of radiosensitizers may limit some type of cancers. Hence, the development of some radioprotectors without any protective effect on tumor cells or low toxic radiosensitizers can help improve therapeutic ratio with less side effects. Melatonin as a natural body hormone is a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent that shows some anti-cancer properties. It is able to neutralize different types of free radicals produced by IR or pro-oxidant enzymes which are activated following exposure to IR and plays a key role in the protection of normal tissues. In addition, melatonin has shown the ability to inhibit long-term changes in inflammatory responses at different levels, thereby ameliorating late side effects of radiotherapy. Fortunately, in contrast to classic antioxidants, some in vitro studies have revealed that melatonin has a potent anti-tumor activity when used alongside irradiation. However, the mechanisms of its radiosensitive effect remain to be elucidated. Studies suggested that the activation of pro-apoptosis gene, such as p53, changes in the metabolism of tumor cells, suppression of DNA repair responses as well as changes in biosynthesis of estrogen in breast cancer cells are involved in this process. In this review, we describe the molecular mechanisms for radioprotection and radiosensitizer effects of melatonin. Furthermore, some other proposed mechanisms that may be involved are presented.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38366977" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6a915c43b17642bb5e2f0cfd95185618" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58420199,"asset_id":38366977,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58420199/download_file?st=MTc0MDMwMTg5MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="652424" href="https://kums.academia.edu/MasoudNajafi">Masoud Najafi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="652424" type="text/json">{"id":652424,"first_name":"Masoud","last_name":"Najafi","domain_name":"kums","page_name":"MasoudNajafi","display_name":"Masoud Najafi","profile_url":"https://kums.academia.edu/MasoudNajafi?f_ri=7987","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38366977 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38366977"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38366977, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38366977", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38366977]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38366977").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38366977").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38366977"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1328" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation">Radiation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1328" type="text/json">{"id":1328,"name":"Radiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2443" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Oncology">Radiation Oncology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2443" type="text/json">{"id":2443,"name":"Radiation Oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Oncology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6021" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer">Cancer</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6021" type="text/json">{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7987" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology">Radiation Biology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7987" type="text/json">{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38366977]'), work: {"id":38366977,"title":"Melatonin as an adjuvant in radiotherapy for radioprotection and radiosensitization","created_at":"2019-02-16T09:45:01.670-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38366977/Melatonin_as_an_adjuvant_in_radiotherapy_for_radioprotection_and_radiosensitization?f_ri=7987","dom_id":"work_38366977","summary":"It is estimated that more than half of cancer patients undergo radiotherapy during the course of their treatment. Despite its beneficial therapeutic effects on tumor cells, exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation (IR) is associated with several side effects. Although improvements in radiotherapy techniques and instruments could reduce these side effects, there are still important concerns for cancer patients. For several years, scientists have been trying to modulate tumor and normal tissue responses to IR, leading to an increase in therapeutic ratio. So far, several types of radioprotectors and radiosensitizers have been investigated in experimental studies. However, high toxicity of chemical sensitizers or possible tumor protection by radioprotectors creates a doubt for their clinical applications. On the other hand, the protective effects of these radioprotectors or sensitizer effects of radiosensitizers may limit some type of cancers. Hence, the development of some radioprotectors without any protective effect on tumor cells or low toxic radiosensitizers can help improve therapeutic ratio with less side effects. Melatonin as a natural body hormone is a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent that shows some anti-cancer properties. It is able to neutralize different types of free radicals produced by IR or pro-oxidant enzymes which are activated following exposure to IR and plays a key role in the protection of normal tissues. In addition, melatonin has shown the ability to inhibit long-term changes in inflammatory responses at different levels, thereby ameliorating late side effects of radiotherapy. Fortunately, in contrast to classic antioxidants, some in vitro studies have revealed that melatonin has a potent anti-tumor activity when used alongside irradiation. However, the mechanisms of its radiosensitive effect remain to be elucidated. Studies suggested that the activation of pro-apoptosis gene, such as p53, changes in the metabolism of tumor cells, suppression of DNA repair responses as well as changes in biosynthesis of estrogen in breast cancer cells are involved in this process. In this review, we describe the molecular mechanisms for radioprotection and radiosensitizer effects of melatonin. Furthermore, some other proposed mechanisms that may be involved are presented.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58420199,"asset_id":38366977,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":652424,"first_name":"Masoud","last_name":"Najafi","domain_name":"kums","page_name":"MasoudNajafi","display_name":"Masoud Najafi","profile_url":"https://kums.academia.edu/MasoudNajafi?f_ri=7987","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1328,"name":"Radiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":2443,"name":"Radiation Oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Oncology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":9334,"name":"Inflammation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inflammation?f_ri=7987"},{"id":10032,"name":"Radiation Protection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Protection?f_ri=7987"},{"id":11816,"name":"Tumor Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tumor_Immunology?f_ri=7987"},{"id":15719,"name":"Mitochondria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondria?f_ri=7987"},{"id":18325,"name":"Radiobiology of Ionizing Radiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiobiology_of_Ionizing_Radiation?f_ri=7987"},{"id":19354,"name":"Radiotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiotherapy?f_ri=7987"},{"id":51570,"name":"Melatonin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Melatonin?f_ri=7987"},{"id":62710,"name":"Tumor microenvironment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tumor_microenvironment?f_ri=7987"},{"id":71936,"name":"Tumor Hypoxia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tumor_Hypoxia?f_ri=7987"},{"id":376490,"name":"Melatonin Effects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Melatonin_Effects?f_ri=7987"},{"id":405491,"name":"Radiosensitizer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiosensitizer?f_ri=7987"},{"id":658071,"name":"Cancer radiotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer_radiotherapy?f_ri=7987"},{"id":764244,"name":"Radioprotectors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radioprotectors?f_ri=7987"},{"id":1137718,"name":"Melatonin \u0026 Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Melatonin_and_Cancer?f_ri=7987"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38242792" data-work_id="38242792" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38242792/Health_Impact_Analysis_of_Some_Outdoor_Atmospheric_Aerosols_Pm2_5_SO2_CO_and_CH4_In_F_C_T_Abuja_and_Environs_Nigeria">Health Impact Analysis of Some Outdoor Atmospheric Aerosols (Pm2.5, SO2, CO & CH4) In F.C.T Abuja and Environs, Nigeria</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The analysis of some outdoor atmospheric aerosols such as PM2.5, SO2, CO and CH4 in Federal capital territory (FCT) Abuja, Nigeria was carried out, the study covered all the six (6) area councils “AMAC, Abaji, Bwari, Kuje, Kwali and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38242792" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The analysis of some outdoor atmospheric aerosols such as PM2.5, SO2, CO and CH4 in Federal capital territory (FCT) Abuja, Nigeria was carried out, the study covered all the six (6) area councils “AMAC, Abaji, Bwari, Kuje, Kwali and Gwagwalada” of the FCT. Analysis was conducted for a cumulative data of one year period (2017-2018) based on monitoring satellite data within altitude of 6 Km from the ground levels, which was collected by National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA), Abuja, Nigeria. The data came in NETCDF format, extracted by a specialized software called the Arc Map 10.4.1, converted and exported in DBF format which can be read by Microsoft excel. Result of the analysis shows the pollutant various Air Quality Index (AQI) and pollutant mean concentrations (PMC), also the AQI and the maximum concentration of each pollutant in all the study areas were compared with the respective annual standard set by WHO, SO2 was found to be ten thousand (10,000) times above 20 μg/m3, CO is within the safe range, 10 times lower than 0.01 ppm, PM 2.5 was (2) times lower than 10 μg/m³ and CH4 are above the WHO/NIOSH threshold limit value of 1000 ppm with 50 percent increment. The effect varies for a different group of people.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38242792" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e29f2203f6951c8f0f4954941718d548" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58284342,"asset_id":38242792,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58284342/download_file?st=MTc0MDMwMTg5MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34862193" href="https://bazeuniversity.academia.edu/MuhammadShafiuShehu">Muhammad Shafiu Shehu</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34862193" type="text/json">{"id":34862193,"first_name":"Muhammad","last_name":"Shafiu Shehu","domain_name":"bazeuniversity","page_name":"MuhammadShafiuShehu","display_name":"Muhammad Shafiu Shehu","profile_url":"https://bazeuniversity.academia.edu/MuhammadShafiuShehu?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34862193/10160456/13809897/s65_muhammad.shafiu_shehu.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38242792 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38242792"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38242792, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38242792", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38242792]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38242792").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38242792").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38242792"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="519" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solid_State_Physics">Solid State Physics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="519" type="text/json">{"id":519,"name":"Solid State Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solid_State_Physics?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4884" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atmospheric_Physics">Atmospheric Physics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4884" type="text/json">{"id":4884,"name":"Atmospheric Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atmospheric_Physics?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7987" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology">Radiation Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7987" type="text/json">{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8030" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Physics">Radiation Physics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8030" type="text/json">{"id":8030,"name":"Radiation Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Physics?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38242792]'), work: {"id":38242792,"title":"Health Impact Analysis of Some Outdoor Atmospheric Aerosols (Pm2.5, SO2, CO \u0026 CH4) In F.C.T Abuja and Environs, Nigeria","created_at":"2019-01-29T02:21:54.802-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38242792/Health_Impact_Analysis_of_Some_Outdoor_Atmospheric_Aerosols_Pm2_5_SO2_CO_and_CH4_In_F_C_T_Abuja_and_Environs_Nigeria?f_ri=7987","dom_id":"work_38242792","summary":"The analysis of some outdoor atmospheric aerosols such as PM2.5, SO2, CO and CH4 in Federal capital territory (FCT) Abuja, Nigeria was carried out, the study covered all the six (6) area councils “AMAC, Abaji, Bwari, Kuje, Kwali and Gwagwalada” of the FCT. Analysis was conducted for a cumulative data of one year period (2017-2018) based on monitoring satellite data within altitude of 6 Km from the ground levels, which was collected by National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA), Abuja, Nigeria. The data came in NETCDF format, extracted by a specialized software called the Arc Map 10.4.1, converted and exported in DBF format which can be read by Microsoft excel. Result of the analysis shows the pollutant various Air Quality Index (AQI) and pollutant mean concentrations (PMC), also the AQI and the maximum concentration of each pollutant in all the study areas were compared with the respective annual standard set by WHO, SO2 was found to be ten thousand (10,000) times above 20 μg/m3, CO is within the safe range, 10 times lower than 0.01 ppm, PM 2.5 was (2) times lower than 10 μg/m³ and CH4 are above the WHO/NIOSH threshold limit value of 1000 ppm with 50 percent increment. The effect varies for a different group of people.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58284342,"asset_id":38242792,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34862193,"first_name":"Muhammad","last_name":"Shafiu Shehu","domain_name":"bazeuniversity","page_name":"MuhammadShafiuShehu","display_name":"Muhammad Shafiu Shehu","profile_url":"https://bazeuniversity.academia.edu/MuhammadShafiuShehu?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34862193/10160456/13809897/s65_muhammad.shafiu_shehu.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":519,"name":"Solid State Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solid_State_Physics?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":4884,"name":"Atmospheric Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atmospheric_Physics?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":8030,"name":"Radiation Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Physics?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":10030,"name":"Radiation Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Therapy?f_ri=7987"},{"id":10032,"name":"Radiation Protection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Protection?f_ri=7987"},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=7987"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36372303" data-work_id="36372303" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36372303/Nuclear_and_Radiation_Ecology_at_a_Glance_Focus_on_Kazakhstan">Nuclear and Radiation Ecology at a Glance: Focus on Kazakhstan.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">краткий обзор<br />современной радиоэкологической ситуации и состояния развития<br />ядерной науки в Казахстане на английском языке.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36372303" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="84a82e101dd64e173f79c5c5ef607142" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56281896,"asset_id":36372303,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm 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$(".js-percentile-work_36372303"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36372303 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36372303"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36372303; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36372303]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36372303").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36372303").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36372303"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">29</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="80" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Engineering">Nuclear Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="80" type="text/json">{"id":80,"name":"Nuclear Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Engineering?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="514" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Physics">Nuclear Physics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="514" type="text/json">{"id":514,"name":"Nuclear Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Physics?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1328" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation">Radiation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1328" type="text/json">{"id":1328,"name":"Radiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2443" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Oncology">Radiation Oncology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2443" type="text/json">{"id":2443,"name":"Radiation Oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Oncology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36372303]'), work: {"id":36372303,"title":"Nuclear and Radiation Ecology at a Glance: Focus on Kazakhstan.","created_at":"2018-04-09T22:21:00.934-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36372303/Nuclear_and_Radiation_Ecology_at_a_Glance_Focus_on_Kazakhstan?f_ri=7987","dom_id":"work_36372303","summary":"краткий обзор\nсовременной радиоэкологической ситуации и состояния развития\nядерной науки в Казахстане на английском языке.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56281896,"asset_id":36372303,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":80361517,"first_name":"Artem","last_name":"Yermilov","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ArtemYermilov","display_name":"Artem Yermilov","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ArtemYermilov?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/80361517/19471845/19385902/s65_artem.yermilov.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":80,"name":"Nuclear Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Engineering?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":514,"name":"Nuclear Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Physics?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":1328,"name":"Radiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":2443,"name":"Radiation Oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Oncology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=7987"},{"id":4507,"name":"Nuclear Weapons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Weapons?f_ri=7987"},{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987"},{"id":8030,"name":"Radiation Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Physics?f_ri=7987"},{"id":9846,"name":"Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology?f_ri=7987"},{"id":10031,"name":"Radiation Dosimetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Dosimetry?f_ri=7987"},{"id":10032,"name":"Radiation Protection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Protection?f_ri=7987"},{"id":10268,"name":"Medical Radiation Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Radiation_Physics?f_ri=7987"},{"id":17871,"name":"Physics Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics_Education?f_ri=7987"},{"id":20881,"name":"History of Nuclear Weapons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Nuclear_Weapons?f_ri=7987"},{"id":25123,"name":"Nuclear Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Energy?f_ri=7987"},{"id":28009,"name":"Nuclear Non-Proliferation Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Non-Proliferation_Policy?f_ri=7987"},{"id":56898,"name":"Nuclear Disarmament","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Disarmament?f_ri=7987"},{"id":84820,"name":"Nuclear power","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_power?f_ri=7987"},{"id":141972,"name":"Nuclear Weapons Proliferation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Weapons_Proliferation?f_ri=7987"},{"id":160352,"name":"Nuclear Waste Management/decommissioning and Dismantling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Waste_Management_decommissioning_and_Dismantling?f_ri=7987"},{"id":171184,"name":"Radiation Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Ecology?f_ri=7987"},{"id":184185,"name":"Arms Control and Disarmament","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arms_Control_and_Disarmament?f_ri=7987"},{"id":191564,"name":"Radionuclides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radionuclides?f_ri=7987"},{"id":198392,"name":"Nuclear Weapons Testing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Weapons_Testing?f_ri=7987"},{"id":280312,"name":"Non-targeted Effects of Low Dose Radiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non-targeted_Effects_of_Low_Dose_Radiation?f_ri=7987"},{"id":295251,"name":"Natural Radionuclides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Radionuclides?f_ri=7987"},{"id":730007,"name":"Nuclear Weapons Nonproliferation Disarmament","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Weapons_Nonproliferation_Disarmament?f_ri=7987"},{"id":1142073,"name":"◦Nuclear Decommissioning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/_Nuclear_Decommissioning?f_ri=7987"},{"id":1165606,"name":"Nuclear Fallout","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Fallout?f_ri=7987"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24378946" data-work_id="24378946" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24378946/Standardised_Nomenclature_for_Radiotherapy_Planning_20160414">Standardised Nomenclature for Radiotherapy Planning 20160414</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">UPDATED 14 April 2016 This is the currently used protocol for naming structures in the Illawarra Cancer Care Centre, and is provided as an assistance to other radiation oncology departments who want an easier learning curve to climb.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24378946" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">UPDATED 14 April 2016<br /><br />This is the currently used protocol for naming structures in the Illawarra Cancer Care Centre, and is provided as an assistance to other radiation oncology departments who want an easier learning curve to climb. Adapt as you wish.<br /><br />The basis of the work is the correlation of name with FMAID (Foundational Model of Anatomy) which is an ontology developed with the assistance of a radiation physicist, Dr Ira Kalet, in Seattle. Feel free to adapt names to your preferred word, but make sure that you look up the definition in FMA first so that we are clearly identifying the same thing!</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24378946" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="353223ca9d1a7d444d779e08332662f1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44711493,"asset_id":24378946,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44711493/download_file?st=MTc0MDMwMTg5MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49001" href="https://uow.academia.edu/AndrewMiller">Andrew Miller</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49001" type="text/json">{"id":49001,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Miller","domain_name":"uow","page_name":"AndrewMiller","display_name":"Andrew Miller","profile_url":"https://uow.academia.edu/AndrewMiller?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49001/15115/58424/s65_andrew.miller.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24378946 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24378946"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24378946, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24378946", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_24378946 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24378946; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_24378946"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_24378946 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="24378946"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 24378946; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=24378946]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_24378946").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_24378946").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="24378946"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2443" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Oncology">Radiation Oncology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2443" type="text/json">{"id":2443,"name":"Radiation Oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Oncology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7987" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology">Radiation Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7987" type="text/json">{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8030" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Physics">Radiation Physics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8030" type="text/json">{"id":8030,"name":"Radiation Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Physics?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10030" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Therapy">Radiation Therapy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10030" type="text/json">{"id":10030,"name":"Radiation Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Therapy?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24378946]'), work: {"id":24378946,"title":"Standardised Nomenclature for Radiotherapy Planning 20160414","created_at":"2016-04-13T17:45:43.157-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24378946/Standardised_Nomenclature_for_Radiotherapy_Planning_20160414?f_ri=7987","dom_id":"work_24378946","summary":"UPDATED 14 April 2016\n\nThis is the currently used protocol for naming structures in the Illawarra Cancer Care Centre, and is provided as an assistance to other radiation oncology departments who want an easier learning curve to climb. Adapt as you wish.\n\nThe basis of the work is the correlation of name with FMAID (Foundational Model of Anatomy) which is an ontology developed with the assistance of a radiation physicist, Dr Ira Kalet, in Seattle. Feel free to adapt names to your preferred word, but make sure that you look up the definition in FMA first so that we are clearly identifying the same thing!","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44711493,"asset_id":24378946,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49001,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Miller","domain_name":"uow","page_name":"AndrewMiller","display_name":"Andrew Miller","profile_url":"https://uow.academia.edu/AndrewMiller?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/49001/15115/58424/s65_andrew.miller.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2443,"name":"Radiation Oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Oncology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":8030,"name":"Radiation Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Physics?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":10030,"name":"Radiation Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Therapy?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":10031,"name":"Radiation Dosimetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Dosimetry?f_ri=7987"},{"id":19354,"name":"Radiotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiotherapy?f_ri=7987"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5453644" data-work_id="5453644" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5453644/Alterations_of_PSA_CA15_3_CA125_Cyfra21_1_CEA_CA19_9_AFP_and_Tag72_tumor_markers_in_human_blood_serum_due_to_long_term_exposure_to_high_levels_of_natural_background_radiation_in_Ramsar_Iran">Alterations of PSA, CA15.3, CA125, Cyfra21-1, CEA, CA19.9, AFP and Tag72 tumor markers in human blood serum due to long term exposure to high levels of natural background radiation in Ramsar, Iran</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">S Taeb, SMJ Mortazavi, A Ghaderi, H Mozdarani, MR Kardan, SAR Mortazavi, A Soleimani, I Nikokar, M Haghani, A Soofi Iranian journal of radiation research (IJRR) ABSTRACT Background: Ramsar (Mazandran province) is known for its... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5453644" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">S Taeb, SMJ Mortazavi, A Ghaderi, H Mozdarani, MR Kardan, SAR Mortazavi, A Soleimani, I Nikokar, M Haghani, A Soofi <br /> <br />Iranian journal of radiation research (IJRR) <br /> <br />ABSTRACT <br />Background: Ramsar (Mazandran province) is known for its extremely high levels of natural background radiation. Although no excess cancer rate is reported in these areas by epidemiological studies, the study of tumor markers in the inhabitants of these areas may shed some light on the impact of high levels of background radiation on cancer induction. <br /> <br />Materials and Methods: The level of background gamma radiation as well as indoor radon was determined using RDS-110 and CR dosimeters. Thirty five individuals from a high background radiation area (HBRA) and 35 individuals from a normal background radiation area (NBRA) were randomly selected to participate in the study. Commercial ELISA kits (sandwich type ELISA tests) were used to measure the serum levels of PSA, CA15.3, CA125, Cyfra21-1, CEA, CA19.9, AFP and Tag72 tumor markers. <br /> <br />Results: Among the eight biomarkers investigated, the means of PSA, CA15.3, CA125, CA19.9 and AFP concentrations between the HBRAs and NBRAs were not significantly different. However, Cyfra21, CEA and Tag72 in HBRA group revealed statistically significant increases compared to those of NBRA group (P<0.05). Furthermore, a statistically significant correlation between the external gamma dose as well as indoor radon level and the concentration of CEA (P<0.001), Cyfra-21(P<0.001) and TAG 72 (P<0.001 and 0.01 respectively) biomarkers were observed. <br /> <br />Conclusion: Chronic exposure to high background radiation induces significant alterations in Cyfra21, CEA and Tag72 levels. We believe that studies with other relevant tumor markers might overcome the limitations of epidemiological studies on cancer incidence in high background radiation areas. <br /> <br />Corresponding author: <br />SMJ Mortazavi (<a href="mailto:mmortazavi@sums.ac.ir" rel="nofollow">mmortazavi@sums.ac.ir</a>)</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5453644" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="38c8dd64ac410fe63d9e2c29df1ebe76" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33836758,"asset_id":5453644,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33836758/download_file?st=MTc0MDMwMTg5MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="386420" href="https://fccc.academia.edu/SMJMortazaviPhD">SMJ Mortazavi, Ph.D</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="386420" type="text/json">{"id":386420,"first_name":"SMJ","last_name":"Mortazavi, Ph.D","domain_name":"fccc","page_name":"SMJMortazaviPhD","display_name":"SMJ Mortazavi, Ph.D","profile_url":"https://fccc.academia.edu/SMJMortazaviPhD?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/386420/97987/18293526/s65_smj.mortazavi_ph.d.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5453644 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5453644"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5453644, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5453644", }); 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Although no excess cancer rate is reported in these areas by epidemiological studies, the study of tumor markers in the inhabitants of these areas may shed some light on the impact of high levels of background radiation on cancer induction.\r\n\r\nMaterials and Methods: The level of background gamma radiation as well as indoor radon was determined using RDS-110 and CR dosimeters. Thirty five individuals from a high background radiation area (HBRA) and 35 individuals from a normal background radiation area (NBRA) were randomly selected to participate in the study. Commercial ELISA kits (sandwich type ELISA tests) were used to measure the serum levels of PSA, CA15.3, CA125, Cyfra21-1, CEA, CA19.9, AFP and Tag72 tumor markers.\r\n\r\nResults: Among the eight biomarkers investigated, the means of PSA, CA15.3, CA125, CA19.9 and AFP concentrations between the HBRAs and NBRAs were not significantly different. However, Cyfra21, CEA and Tag72 in HBRA group revealed statistically significant increases compared to those of NBRA group (P\u003c0.05). Furthermore, a statistically significant correlation between the external gamma dose as well as indoor radon level and the concentration of CEA (P\u003c0.001), Cyfra-21(P\u003c0.001) and TAG 72 (P\u003c0.001 and 0.01 respectively) biomarkers were observed.\r\n\r\nConclusion: Chronic exposure to high background radiation induces significant alterations in Cyfra21, CEA and Tag72 levels. We believe that studies with other relevant tumor markers might overcome the limitations of epidemiological studies on cancer incidence in high background radiation areas.\r\n\r\nCorresponding author:\r\nSMJ Mortazavi (mmortazavi@sums.ac.ir)","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33836758,"asset_id":5453644,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":386420,"first_name":"SMJ","last_name":"Mortazavi, Ph.D","domain_name":"fccc","page_name":"SMJMortazaviPhD","display_name":"SMJ Mortazavi, Ph.D","profile_url":"https://fccc.academia.edu/SMJMortazaviPhD?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/386420/97987/18293526/s65_smj.mortazavi_ph.d.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6021,"name":"Cancer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cancer?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":10031,"name":"Radiation Dosimetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Dosimetry?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":10032,"name":"Radiation Protection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Protection?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":18325,"name":"Radiobiology of Ionizing Radiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiobiology_of_Ionizing_Radiation?f_ri=7987"},{"id":132620,"name":"Radiobiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiobiology?f_ri=7987"},{"id":143207,"name":"Natural Radiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Radiation?f_ri=7987"},{"id":340262,"name":"Carcinogenesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carcinogenesis?f_ri=7987"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24634449" data-work_id="24634449" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24634449/Professor_Clemens_von_Sonntag_1936_2013_">Professor Clemens von Sonntag (1936 – 2013)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24634449" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6ac1c5cbfd11cb3a294874bfef02feb2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44961801,"asset_id":24634449,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44961801/download_file?st=MTc0MDMwMTg5MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="41300348" href="https://oakland.academia.edu/AmitavaAdhikary">Amitava Adhikary</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="41300348" type="text/json">{"id":41300348,"first_name":"Amitava","last_name":"Adhikary","domain_name":"oakland","page_name":"AmitavaAdhikary","display_name":"Amitava Adhikary","profile_url":"https://oakland.academia.edu/AmitavaAdhikary?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/41300348/12523663/13935180/s65_amitava.adhikary.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24634449 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24634449"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24634449, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24634449", }); 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11(1):3-9. ABSTRACT Some Areas of Ramsar, a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3390583" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Non-linear phenomena in biological findings of the residents of high background radiation areas of Ramsar <br /> <br />SMJ Mortazavi, H Mozdarani <br />International Journal of Radiation Research 01/2013; 11(1):3-9. <br /> <br /> <br />ABSTRACT Some Areas of Ramsar, a city in northern Iran are among the world’s well-known inhabited areas with highest levels of natural radiation. Annual exposure levels in these areas are up to 260 mGy y‐1 and the mean exposure rate is about 10 mGy y‐1 for a population of about 2000 residents. If elevated levels of natural radiation as high as a few hundred mSv per year is detrimental to health and leads to higher risks of genetic abnormalities and cancer, it should be evident in the residents of areas such as Ramsar. However, it has been reported that no detrimental biological effects have ever been detected in high natural background radiation areas. Some studies indicate that Ramsar residents not only show a significant increase in DNA repair but also demonstrate induction of radioadaptive response. There is currently a great debate over the shape of the dose‐response curve for stochastic effects such as mutations and cancer after exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation. Linear‐no‐threshold (LNT) model predicts that every dose, no matter how low, carries some cancer risk. Lack of any proven detrimental effect in the residents of high natural background radiation areas of Ramsar may be due to the induction of nonlinear dose‐response relationships which are not compatible with the widely accepted LNT hypothesis.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3390583" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d00fc2aa644dd5d15b46501b455153b7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31182742,"asset_id":3390583,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31182742/download_file?st=MTc0MDMwMTg5MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="386420" href="https://fccc.academia.edu/SMJMortazaviPhD">SMJ Mortazavi, Ph.D</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="386420" type="text/json">{"id":386420,"first_name":"SMJ","last_name":"Mortazavi, Ph.D","domain_name":"fccc","page_name":"SMJMortazaviPhD","display_name":"SMJ Mortazavi, Ph.D","profile_url":"https://fccc.academia.edu/SMJMortazaviPhD?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/386420/97987/18293526/s65_smj.mortazavi_ph.d.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3390583 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3390583"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3390583, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3390583", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3390583]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3390583").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3390583").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3390583"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7987" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology">Radiation Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7987" type="text/json">{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8030" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Physics">Radiation Physics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8030" type="text/json">{"id":8030,"name":"Radiation Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Physics?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="143207" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Radiation">Natural Radiation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="143207" type="text/json">{"id":143207,"name":"Natural Radiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Radiation?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="180177" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ramsar_site">Ramsar site</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="180177" type="text/json">{"id":180177,"name":"Ramsar site","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ramsar_site?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3390583]'), work: {"id":3390583,"title":"Non-linear phenomena in biological findings of the residents of high background radiation areas of Ramsar","created_at":"2013-04-25T22:59:47.122-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3390583/Non_linear_phenomena_in_biological_findings_of_the_residents_of_high_background_radiation_areas_of_Ramsar?f_ri=7987","dom_id":"work_3390583","summary":"Non-linear phenomena in biological findings of the residents of high background radiation areas of Ramsar\r\n\r\nSMJ Mortazavi, H Mozdarani\r\nInternational Journal of Radiation Research 01/2013; 11(1):3-9.\r\n\r\n\r\nABSTRACT Some Areas of Ramsar, a city in northern Iran are among the world’s well-known inhabited areas with highest levels of natural radiation. Annual exposure levels in these areas are up to 260 mGy y‐1 and the mean exposure rate is about 10 mGy y‐1 for a population of about 2000 residents. If elevated levels of natural radiation as high as a few hundred mSv per year is detrimental to health and leads to higher risks of genetic abnormalities and cancer, it should be evident in the residents of areas such as Ramsar. However, it has been reported that no detrimental biological effects have ever been detected in high natural background radiation areas. Some studies indicate that Ramsar residents not only show a significant increase in DNA repair but also demonstrate induction of radioadaptive response. There is currently a great debate over the shape of the dose‐response curve for stochastic effects such as mutations and cancer after exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation. Linear‐no‐threshold (LNT) model predicts that every dose, no matter how low, carries some cancer risk. Lack of any proven detrimental effect in the residents of high natural background radiation areas of Ramsar may be due to the induction of nonlinear dose‐response relationships which are not compatible with the widely accepted LNT hypothesis.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31182742,"asset_id":3390583,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":386420,"first_name":"SMJ","last_name":"Mortazavi, Ph.D","domain_name":"fccc","page_name":"SMJMortazaviPhD","display_name":"SMJ Mortazavi, Ph.D","profile_url":"https://fccc.academia.edu/SMJMortazaviPhD?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/386420/97987/18293526/s65_smj.mortazavi_ph.d.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":8030,"name":"Radiation Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Physics?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":143207,"name":"Natural Radiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Radiation?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":180177,"name":"Ramsar site","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ramsar_site?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":612229,"name":"Background Radiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Background_Radiation?f_ri=7987"},{"id":779767,"name":"Nonlinearity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonlinearity?f_ri=7987"},{"id":989495,"name":"High Background Radiation Areas (HBRAs)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Background_Radiation_Areas_HBRAs_?f_ri=7987"},{"id":989496,"name":"LNT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/LNT?f_ri=7987"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3557170" data-work_id="3557170" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3557170/Influence_of_ionizing_radiation_on_the_immune_and_antioxidant_systems_of_the_organism">Influence of ionizing radiation on the immune and antioxidant systems of the organism</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3557170" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ed31ffd080e9b5bb501bdbd638e29f9f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31272092,"asset_id":3557170,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31272092/download_file?st=MTc0MDMwMTg5MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="485241" href="https://sci.academia.edu/bahaminforghan">Bahamin Forghan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="485241" type="text/json">{"id":485241,"first_name":"Bahamin","last_name":"Forghan","domain_name":"sci","page_name":"bahaminforghan","display_name":"Bahamin Forghan","profile_url":"https://sci.academia.edu/bahaminforghan?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/485241/164711/13583383/s65_bahamin.forghan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3557170 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3557170"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3557170, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3557170", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3557170]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3557170").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3557170").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3557170"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7987" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology">Radiation Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7987" type="text/json">{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10032" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Protection">Radiation Protection</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10032" type="text/json">{"id":10032,"name":"Radiation Protection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Protection?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="139007" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catalase">Catalase</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="139007" type="text/json">{"id":139007,"name":"Catalase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catalase?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="213343" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Superoxide_Dismutase">Superoxide Dismutase</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="213343" type="text/json">{"id":213343,"name":"Superoxide Dismutase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Superoxide_Dismutase?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3557170]'), work: {"id":3557170,"title":"Influence of ionizing radiation on the immune and antioxidant systems of the organism","created_at":"2013-05-18T02:54:34.279-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3557170/Influence_of_ionizing_radiation_on_the_immune_and_antioxidant_systems_of_the_organism?f_ri=7987","dom_id":"work_3557170","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31272092,"asset_id":3557170,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":485241,"first_name":"Bahamin","last_name":"Forghan","domain_name":"sci","page_name":"bahaminforghan","display_name":"Bahamin Forghan","profile_url":"https://sci.academia.edu/bahaminforghan?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/485241/164711/13583383/s65_bahamin.forghan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":10032,"name":"Radiation Protection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Protection?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":139007,"name":"Catalase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catalase?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":213343,"name":"Superoxide Dismutase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Superoxide_Dismutase?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":324154,"name":"Immune system","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immune_system?f_ri=7987"},{"id":451092,"name":"Radiation Protection, Environmental Radioactivity; and Law Anf Regulation of Ionizinhg Radiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Protection_Environmental_Radioactivity_and_Law_Anf_Regulation_of_Ionizinhg_Radiation?f_ri=7987"},{"id":475154,"name":"Kolmogorov-Smirnov test","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kolmogorov-Smirnov_test?f_ri=7987"},{"id":542777,"name":"Schiff Base Complexes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schiff_Base_Complexes?f_ri=7987"},{"id":764266,"name":"Ionizing radiations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ionizing_radiations?f_ri=7987"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42225137" data-work_id="42225137" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42225137/Resveratrol_as_an_Adjuvant_for_Normal_Tissues_Protection_and_Tumor_Sensitization">Resveratrol as an Adjuvant for Normal Tissues Protection and Tumor Sensitization</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Cancer is one of the most complicated diseases in present-day medical science. Yearly, several studies suggest various strategies for preventing carcinogenesis. Furthermore, experiments for the treatment of cancer with low side effects... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_42225137" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Cancer is one of the most complicated diseases in present-day medical science. Yearly, several studies suggest various strategies for preventing carcinogenesis. Furthermore, experiments for the treatment of cancer with low side effects are ongoing. Chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radio-therapy and immunotherapy are the most common non-invasive strategies for cancer treatment. One of the most challenging issues encountered with these modalities is low effectiveness, as well as normal tissue toxicity for chemo-radiation therapy. The use of some agents as adjuvants has been suggested to improve tumor responses and also alleviate normal tissue toxicity. Resveratrol, a natural flavonoid, has attracted a lot of attention for the management of both tumor and normal tissue responses to various modalities of cancer therapy. As an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, in vitro and in vivo studies show that it is able to mitigate chemo-radiation toxicity in normal tissues. However, clinical studies to confirm the usage of resveratrol as a chemo-radioprotector are lacking. In addition, it can sensitize various types of cancer cells to both chemotherapy drugs and radiation. In recent years, some clinical studies suggested that resveratrol may have an effect on inducing cancer cell killing. Yet, clinical translation of resveratrol has not yielded desirable results for the combination of resveratrol with radiotherapy, targeted therapy or immunotherapy. In this paper, we review the potential role of resveratrol for preserving normal tissues and sensitization of cancer cells in combination with different cancer treatment modalities.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42225137" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="210302ee7ec5cc1ba9c890a6ea99f329" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62374475,"asset_id":42225137,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62374475/download_file?st=MTc0MDMwMTg5MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="652424" href="https://kums.academia.edu/MasoudNajafi">Masoud Najafi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="652424" type="text/json">{"id":652424,"first_name":"Masoud","last_name":"Najafi","domain_name":"kums","page_name":"MasoudNajafi","display_name":"Masoud Najafi","profile_url":"https://kums.academia.edu/MasoudNajafi?f_ri=7987","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42225137 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42225137"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42225137, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42225137", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42225137]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42225137").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42225137").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42225137"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2443" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Oncology">Radiation Oncology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2443" type="text/json">{"id":2443,"name":"Radiation Oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Oncology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7987" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology">Radiation Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7987" type="text/json">{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19354" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiotherapy">Radiotherapy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19354" type="text/json">{"id":19354,"name":"Radiotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiotherapy?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="44297" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbal_Medicine">Herbal Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="44297" type="text/json">{"id":44297,"name":"Herbal Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbal_Medicine?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42225137]'), work: {"id":42225137,"title":"Resveratrol as an Adjuvant for Normal Tissues Protection and Tumor Sensitization","created_at":"2020-03-15T13:50:54.403-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42225137/Resveratrol_as_an_Adjuvant_for_Normal_Tissues_Protection_and_Tumor_Sensitization?f_ri=7987","dom_id":"work_42225137","summary":"Cancer is one of the most complicated diseases in present-day medical science. Yearly, several studies suggest various strategies for preventing carcinogenesis. Furthermore, experiments for the treatment of cancer with low side effects are ongoing. Chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radio-therapy and immunotherapy are the most common non-invasive strategies for cancer treatment. One of the most challenging issues encountered with these modalities is low effectiveness, as well as normal tissue toxicity for chemo-radiation therapy. The use of some agents as adjuvants has been suggested to improve tumor responses and also alleviate normal tissue toxicity. Resveratrol, a natural flavonoid, has attracted a lot of attention for the management of both tumor and normal tissue responses to various modalities of cancer therapy. As an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, in vitro and in vivo studies show that it is able to mitigate chemo-radiation toxicity in normal tissues. However, clinical studies to confirm the usage of resveratrol as a chemo-radioprotector are lacking. In addition, it can sensitize various types of cancer cells to both chemotherapy drugs and radiation. In recent years, some clinical studies suggested that resveratrol may have an effect on inducing cancer cell killing. Yet, clinical translation of resveratrol has not yielded desirable results for the combination of resveratrol with radiotherapy, targeted therapy or immunotherapy. In this paper, we review the potential role of resveratrol for preserving normal tissues and sensitization of cancer cells in combination with different cancer treatment modalities.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62374475,"asset_id":42225137,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":652424,"first_name":"Masoud","last_name":"Najafi","domain_name":"kums","page_name":"MasoudNajafi","display_name":"Masoud Najafi","profile_url":"https://kums.academia.edu/MasoudNajafi?f_ri=7987","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2443,"name":"Radiation Oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Oncology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":19354,"name":"Radiotherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiotherapy?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":44297,"name":"Herbal Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbal_Medicine?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":201300,"name":"Resveratrol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resveratrol?f_ri=7987"},{"id":233824,"name":"Radioprotection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radioprotection?f_ri=7987"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_73708995 coauthored" data-work_id="73708995" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/73708995/Identification_of_radiation_responsive_proteins_from_Spleen_and_Intestine_tissue_of_mice_using_Mass_Spectrometry_approach">Identification of radiation responsive proteins from Spleen and Intestine tissue of mice using Mass Spectrometry approach</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Purpose: Exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) can cause tissue damage, which is difficult to diagnose and treat as no biomarker is available for detection. We aimed to identify proteomic signature of radiation exposure (9.5Gry) in mice and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_73708995" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Purpose: Exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) can cause tissue damage, which is difficult to diagnose and treat as no biomarker is available for detection. We aimed to identify proteomic signature of radiation exposure (9.5Gry) in mice and to assess the utility of Podophyllotoxin extract (PTOX) in preventing radiation injury.<br /><br />Materials and Methods: Spleen and Small intestinal (SI) tissues were taken from control and lethally irradiated mice at different time intervals with or without pre-treatment with Podophyllotoxin extract. Proteins were identified using Mass Spectrometry and matched with Peptide Mass Fingerprinting.<br /><br />Results: We found multiple differentially expressed radiation responsive proteins from Spleen and SI tissues in irradiated mice at 24 hours and 30 days in comparison to healthy controls (p<0.05). Differentially expressed proteins like Chromosome transmission fidelity factor ano thath 18 homolog (CTF18) and Rho GTPase-activating protein from spleen and Acta_Mouse protein from SI were identified. These proteins disappeared at 48 hrs. after IR, but re-appeared after 13 days and fully recovered at 30 days in Podophyllotoxin treated group.<br /><br />Conclusions: Such proteins may be useful in early detection of radiation exposure. Pre-treatment with Podophyllotoxin leads to recovery of the disappeared proteins and improved survival following exposure to irradiation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/73708995" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="275311fabe416884acfd820b96f82700" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82124144,"asset_id":73708995,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82124144/download_file?st=MTc0MDMwMTg5MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40883" href="https://integraluniversity.academia.edu/MohdTariqSalman">Mohd Tariq Salman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40883" type="text/json">{"id":40883,"first_name":"Mohd Tariq","last_name":"Salman","domain_name":"integraluniversity","page_name":"MohdTariqSalman","display_name":"Mohd Tariq Salman","profile_url":"https://integraluniversity.academia.edu/MohdTariqSalman?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40883/82731/90609/s65_mohd_tariq.salman.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-73708995">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-73708995"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/MDShabirHussain">M D Shabir Hussain</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-73708995'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-73708995').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_73708995 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="73708995"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 73708995, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_73708995", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_73708995 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73708995; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_73708995"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_73708995 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="73708995"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 73708995; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=73708995]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_73708995").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_73708995").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="73708995"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4720" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Shielding">Radiation Shielding</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4720" type="text/json">{"id":4720,"name":"Radiation Shielding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Shielding?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7987" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology">Radiation Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7987" type="text/json">{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9187" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proteomics_And_Mass_Spectrometry">Proteomics And Mass Spectrometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9187" type="text/json">{"id":9187,"name":"Proteomics And Mass Spectrometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proteomics_And_Mass_Spectrometry?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9786" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proteomics">Proteomics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9786" type="text/json">{"id":9786,"name":"Proteomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proteomics?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=73708995]'), work: {"id":73708995,"title":"Identification of radiation responsive proteins from Spleen and Intestine tissue of mice using Mass Spectrometry approach","created_at":"2022-03-13T23:20:28.956-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/73708995/Identification_of_radiation_responsive_proteins_from_Spleen_and_Intestine_tissue_of_mice_using_Mass_Spectrometry_approach?f_ri=7987","dom_id":"work_73708995","summary":"Purpose: Exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) can cause tissue damage, which is difficult to diagnose and treat as no biomarker is available for detection. We aimed to identify proteomic signature of radiation exposure (9.5Gry) in mice and to assess the utility of Podophyllotoxin extract (PTOX) in preventing radiation injury.\n\nMaterials and Methods: Spleen and Small intestinal (SI) tissues were taken from control and lethally irradiated mice at different time intervals with or without pre-treatment with Podophyllotoxin extract. Proteins were identified using Mass Spectrometry and matched with Peptide Mass Fingerprinting.\n\nResults: We found multiple differentially expressed radiation responsive proteins from Spleen and SI tissues in irradiated mice at 24 hours and 30 days in comparison to healthy controls (p\u003c0.05). Differentially expressed proteins like Chromosome transmission fidelity factor ano thath 18 homolog (CTF18) and Rho GTPase-activating protein from spleen and Acta_Mouse protein from SI were identified. These proteins disappeared at 48 hrs. after IR, but re-appeared after 13 days and fully recovered at 30 days in Podophyllotoxin treated group.\n\nConclusions: Such proteins may be useful in early detection of radiation exposure. Pre-treatment with Podophyllotoxin leads to recovery of the disappeared proteins and improved survival following exposure to irradiation.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82124144,"asset_id":73708995,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40883,"first_name":"Mohd Tariq","last_name":"Salman","domain_name":"integraluniversity","page_name":"MohdTariqSalman","display_name":"Mohd Tariq Salman","profile_url":"https://integraluniversity.academia.edu/MohdTariqSalman?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40883/82731/90609/s65_mohd_tariq.salman.jpg"},{"id":218318938,"first_name":"M D Shabir","last_name":"Hussain","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MDShabirHussain","display_name":"M D Shabir Hussain","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MDShabirHussain?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/218318938/76514598/65040027/s65_m_d_shabir.hussain.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4720,"name":"Radiation Shielding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Shielding?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":9187,"name":"Proteomics And Mass Spectrometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proteomics_And_Mass_Spectrometry?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":9786,"name":"Proteomics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proteomics?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":10032,"name":"Radiation Protection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Protection?f_ri=7987"},{"id":15019,"name":"Medicinal Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicinal_Plants?f_ri=7987"},{"id":44297,"name":"Herbal Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbal_Medicine?f_ri=7987"},{"id":181569,"name":"Proteins","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proteins?f_ri=7987"},{"id":233824,"name":"Radioprotection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radioprotection?f_ri=7987"},{"id":524515,"name":"Proteomics Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proteomics_Technology?f_ri=7987"},{"id":973002,"name":"Radioprotective Plants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radioprotective_Plants?f_ri=7987"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33489778" data-work_id="33489778" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33489778/Hesperidin_as_Radioprotector_against_Radiation_induced_Lung_Damage_in_Rat_A_Histopathological_Study">Hesperidin as Radioprotector against Radiation induced Lung Damage in Rat A Histopathological Study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated by ionizing radiation, and one of the organs commonly affected by ROS is the lung. Radiation‑induced lung injury including pneumonia and lung fibrosis is a dose‑limiting factor in radiotherapy... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33489778" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated by ionizing radiation, and one of the organs commonly affected by ROS is the lung. Radiation‑induced lung injury including pneumonia and lung fibrosis is a dose‑limiting factor in radiotherapy (RT) of patients with thorax irradiation. Administration of antioxidants has been proved to protect against ROS. The present study was aimed to assess the protective effect of hesperidin (HES) against radiation‑induced lung injury of male rats. Fifty rats were divided into three groups. G1: Received no HES and radiation (sham). G2: Underwent γ‑irradiation to the thorax. G3: Received HES and underwent γ‑irradiation. The rats were exposed to a single dose of 18 Gy using cobalt‑60 unit and were administered HES (100 mg/kg) for 7 days before irradiation. Histopathological analysis was performed 24 h and 8 weeks after RT. Histopathological results in 24 h showed radiation‑induced inflammation and presence of more inflammatory cells as compared to G1 (P < 0.05). Administration of HES significantly decreased such an effect when compared to G2 (P < 0.05). Histopathological evaluation in 8 weeks showed a significant increase in mast cells, inflammation, inflammatory cells, alveolar thickness, vascular thickness, pulmonary edema, and fibrosis in G2 when compared to G1 (P < 0.05). HES significantly decreased inflammatory response, fibrosis, and mast cells when compared to G2 (P < 0.05). Administration of HES resulted in decreased radiation pneumonitis and radiation fibrosis in the lung</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33489778" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="38cf5117b14008247dbaf220aaf29deb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53530089,"asset_id":33489778,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53530089/download_file?st=MTc0MDMwMTg5MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="652424" href="https://kums.academia.edu/MasoudNajafi">Masoud Najafi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="652424" type="text/json">{"id":652424,"first_name":"Masoud","last_name":"Najafi","domain_name":"kums","page_name":"MasoudNajafi","display_name":"Masoud Najafi","profile_url":"https://kums.academia.edu/MasoudNajafi?f_ri=7987","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33489778 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33489778"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33489778, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33489778", }); 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Radiation‑induced lung injury including pneumonia and lung fibrosis is a dose‑limiting factor in radiotherapy (RT) of patients with thorax irradiation. Administration of antioxidants has been proved to protect against ROS. The present study was aimed to assess the protective effect of hesperidin (HES) against radiation‑induced lung injury of male rats. Fifty rats were divided into three groups. G1: Received no HES and radiation (sham). G2: Underwent γ‑irradiation to the thorax. G3: Received HES and underwent γ‑irradiation. The rats were exposed to a single dose of 18 Gy using cobalt‑60 unit and were administered HES (100 mg/kg) for 7 days before irradiation. Histopathological analysis was performed 24 h and 8 weeks after RT. Histopathological results in 24 h showed radiation‑induced inflammation and presence of more inflammatory cells as compared to G1 (P \u003c 0.05). Administration of HES significantly decreased such an effect when compared to G2 (P \u003c 0.05). Histopathological evaluation in 8 weeks showed a significant increase in mast cells, inflammation, inflammatory cells, alveolar thickness, vascular thickness, pulmonary edema, and fibrosis in G2 when compared to G1 (P \u003c 0.05). HES significantly decreased inflammatory response, fibrosis, and mast cells when compared to G2 (P \u003c 0.05). Administration of HES resulted in decreased radiation pneumonitis and radiation fibrosis in the lung ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53530089,"asset_id":33489778,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":652424,"first_name":"Masoud","last_name":"Najafi","domain_name":"kums","page_name":"MasoudNajafi","display_name":"Masoud Najafi","profile_url":"https://kums.academia.edu/MasoudNajafi?f_ri=7987","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2443,"name":"Radiation Oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Oncology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":10030,"name":"Radiation Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Therapy?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":10032,"name":"Radiation Protection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Protection?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":132620,"name":"Radiobiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiobiology?f_ri=7987"},{"id":233824,"name":"Radioprotection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radioprotection?f_ri=7987"},{"id":570623,"name":"Radiosensitization and Radioprotection in cancer therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiosensitization_and_Radioprotection_in_cancer_therapy?f_ri=7987"},{"id":1339820,"name":"Hesperidin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hesperidin?f_ri=7987"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_863877" data-work_id="863877" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/863877/X_ray_Microscopy_and_X_ray_Microanalysis">X-ray Microscopy and X-ray Microanalysis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/863877" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6af0058705fb266f8e332f28442bc04f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51204152,"asset_id":863877,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51204152/download_file?st=MTc0MDMwMTg5MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="180697" href="https://binghamton.academia.edu/HowardPattee">Howard H Pattee</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="180697" type="text/json">{"id":180697,"first_name":"Howard","last_name":"Pattee","domain_name":"binghamton","page_name":"HowardPattee","display_name":"Howard H Pattee","profile_url":"https://binghamton.academia.edu/HowardPattee?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/180697/44655/41086/s65_howard.pattee.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_863877 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="863877"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 863877, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_863877", }); 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Materials... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20746119" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Purpose: In the present study we investigated the possible histopathological effects of pulse modulated Radiofrequency (RF) fields on the thyroid gland using light microscopy, electron microscopy and immunohistochemical methods. Materials and methods: Two months old male Wistar rats were exposed to a 900 MHz pulse-modulated RF radiation at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 1.35 Watt/kg for 20 min/day for three weeks. The RF signals were pulse modulated by rectangular pulses with a repetition frequency of 217 Hz and a duty cycle of 1:8 (pulse width 0.576 ms). To assess thyroid endocrine disruption and estimate the degree of the pathology of the gland, we analysed structural alterations in follicular and colloidal diameters and areas, colloid content of the follicles, and height of the follicular epithelium. Apoptosis was confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscopy and assessing the activites of an initiator (caspase-9) and an effector (caspase-3) caspases that are important markers of cells undergoing apoptosis. Results: Morphological analyses revealed hypothyrophy of the gland in the 900 MHz RF exposure group. The results indicated that thyroid hormone secretion was inhibited by the RF radiation. In addition, we also observed formation of apoptotic bodies and increased caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities in thyroid cells of the rats that were exposed to modulated RF fields. Conclusion: The overall findings indicated that whole body exposure to pulse-modulated RF radiation that is similar to that emitted by global system for mobile communications (GSM) mobile phones can cause pathological changes in the thyroid gland by altering the gland structure and enhancing caspase-dependent pathways of apoptosis. Int J Radiat Biol Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Gazi Univ. on 01/17/11 For personal use only. Int J Radiat Biol Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Gazi Univ. on 01/17/11 For personal use only. Int J Radiat Biol Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Gazi Univ. on 01/17/11 For personal use only.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20746119" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7d1f7670ce037442c32284e1ec275842" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41538986,"asset_id":20746119,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41538986/download_file?st=MTc0MDMwMTg5MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42041594" href="https://gazi.academia.edu/NesrinSeyhan">Nesrin Seyhan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42041594" type="text/json">{"id":42041594,"first_name":"Nesrin","last_name":"Seyhan","domain_name":"gazi","page_name":"NesrinSeyhan","display_name":"Nesrin Seyhan","profile_url":"https://gazi.academia.edu/NesrinSeyhan?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42041594/11360574/12672964/s65_nesrin.seyhan.jpg_oh_2632f8e7eba356eec251be7b434580c0_oe_57408143"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20746119 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20746119"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20746119, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20746119", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20746119]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20746119").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20746119").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20746119"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering">Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48" type="text/json">{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7987" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology">Radiation Biology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7987" type="text/json">{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8202" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Phones">Cell Phones</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8202" type="text/json">{"id":8202,"name":"Cell Phones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Phones?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12071" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry">Immunohistochemistry</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12071" type="text/json">{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20746119]'), work: {"id":20746119,"title":"Pulse modulated 900 MHz radiation induces hypothyroidism and apoptosis in thyroid cells: A light, electron microscopy and immunohistochemical study","created_at":"2016-01-24T23:35:21.442-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20746119/Pulse_modulated_900_MHz_radiation_induces_hypothyroidism_and_apoptosis_in_thyroid_cells_A_light_electron_microscopy_and_immunohistochemical_study?f_ri=7987","dom_id":"work_20746119","summary":"Purpose: In the present study we investigated the possible histopathological effects of pulse modulated Radiofrequency (RF) fields on the thyroid gland using light microscopy, electron microscopy and immunohistochemical methods. Materials and methods: Two months old male Wistar rats were exposed to a 900 MHz pulse-modulated RF radiation at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 1.35 Watt/kg for 20 min/day for three weeks. The RF signals were pulse modulated by rectangular pulses with a repetition frequency of 217 Hz and a duty cycle of 1:8 (pulse width 0.576 ms). To assess thyroid endocrine disruption and estimate the degree of the pathology of the gland, we analysed structural alterations in follicular and colloidal diameters and areas, colloid content of the follicles, and height of the follicular epithelium. Apoptosis was confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscopy and assessing the activites of an initiator (caspase-9) and an effector (caspase-3) caspases that are important markers of cells undergoing apoptosis. Results: Morphological analyses revealed hypothyrophy of the gland in the 900 MHz RF exposure group. The results indicated that thyroid hormone secretion was inhibited by the RF radiation. In addition, we also observed formation of apoptotic bodies and increased caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities in thyroid cells of the rats that were exposed to modulated RF fields. Conclusion: The overall findings indicated that whole body exposure to pulse-modulated RF radiation that is similar to that emitted by global system for mobile communications (GSM) mobile phones can cause pathological changes in the thyroid gland by altering the gland structure and enhancing caspase-dependent pathways of apoptosis. Int J Radiat Biol Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Gazi Univ. on 01/17/11 For personal use only. Int J Radiat Biol Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Gazi Univ. on 01/17/11 For personal use only. Int J Radiat Biol Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by Gazi Univ. on 01/17/11 For personal use only.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41538986,"asset_id":20746119,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42041594,"first_name":"Nesrin","last_name":"Seyhan","domain_name":"gazi","page_name":"NesrinSeyhan","display_name":"Nesrin Seyhan","profile_url":"https://gazi.academia.edu/NesrinSeyhan?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/42041594/11360574/12672964/s65_nesrin.seyhan.jpg_oh_2632f8e7eba356eec251be7b434580c0_oe_57408143"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":8202,"name":"Cell Phones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cell_Phones?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":12071,"name":"Immunohistochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunohistochemistry?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":14076,"name":"Transmission Electron Microscopy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transmission_Electron_Microscopy?f_ri=7987"},{"id":24731,"name":"Apoptosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Apoptosis?f_ri=7987"},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=7987"},{"id":231186,"name":"Hypothyroidism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hypothyroidism?f_ri=7987"},{"id":247477,"name":"Caspase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Caspase?f_ri=7987"},{"id":375054,"name":"Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rats?f_ri=7987"},{"id":564879,"name":"Wistar Rats","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wistar_Rats?f_ri=7987"},{"id":806075,"name":"Radio Waves","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radio_Waves?f_ri=7987"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5993373" data-work_id="5993373" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5993373/Prosthetic_Carriers_for_Radiation_Therapy_of_Head_and_Neck">Prosthetic Carriers for Radiation Therapy of Head and Neck</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The term head and neck cancer refers to a group of biologically similar cancers originating from the upper aero digestive tract, including the lip, oral cavity , nasal cavity, Para nasal sinuses, pharynx, and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5993373" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The term  head and neck  cancer refers to a  group  of  biologically similar  cancers  originating  from  the  upper  aero  digestive  tract, including  the  lip,  oral  cavity  ,  nasal  cavity,  Para  nasal  sinuses, pharynx, and larynx. 90% of head and neck cancers are squamous cell carcinomas, originating from the mucosal lining (epithelium) of these regions. Radiation therapy  is the  most common form  of treatment along  with surgery and chemotherapy. Radiotherapy is the art of using ionizing radiation to destroy malignant cells while minimizing  damage  to  normal  tissue.  Radiotherapy  has  become astandard treatment  option for a wide range  of  malignancies, but adverse tissue reactions associated with the use of radiotherapy in the management of patients with head and neck cancer are painful and they diminish the quality of life. So a novel approach has been made to fabricate customized intraoral stents that can help prevent <br />the unnecessary irradiation of the surrounding normal tissues, thus reducing  the  severity  ofreactions.  However,  when  properly designed  and  used,  these  stents  are  effective  in  reducing  the treatment morbidity.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5993373" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="36ff0a8acf25d6c215005c8e4076ce27" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32945569,"asset_id":5993373,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32945569/download_file?st=MTc0MDMwMTg5MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7856206" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EditorBBB">British Biomedical Bulletin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7856206" type="text/json">{"id":7856206,"first_name":"British Biomedical","last_name":"Bulletin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EditorBBB","display_name":"British Biomedical Bulletin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EditorBBB?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7856206/5915532/6716757/s65_british_biomedical.bulletin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5993373 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5993373"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5993373, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5993373", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5993373]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5993373").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5993373").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5993373"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">30</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1328" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation">Radiation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1328" type="text/json">{"id":1328,"name":"Radiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2443" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Oncology">Radiation Oncology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2443" type="text/json">{"id":2443,"name":"Radiation Oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Oncology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4720" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Shielding">Radiation Shielding</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4720" type="text/json">{"id":4720,"name":"Radiation Shielding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Shielding?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4721" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_safety">Radiation safety</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4721" type="text/json">{"id":4721,"name":"Radiation safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_safety?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5993373]'), work: {"id":5993373,"title":"Prosthetic Carriers for Radiation Therapy of Head and Neck","created_at":"2014-02-07T22:52:15.883-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5993373/Prosthetic_Carriers_for_Radiation_Therapy_of_Head_and_Neck?f_ri=7987","dom_id":"work_5993373","summary":"The term head and neck cancer refers to a group of biologically similar cancers originating from the upper aero digestive tract, including the lip, oral cavity , nasal cavity, Para nasal sinuses, pharynx, and larynx. 90% of head and neck cancers are squamous cell carcinomas, originating from the mucosal lining (epithelium) of these regions. Radiation therapy is the most common form of treatment along with surgery and chemotherapy. Radiotherapy is the art of using ionizing radiation to destroy malignant cells while minimizing damage to normal tissue. Radiotherapy has become astandard treatment option for a wide range of malignancies, but adverse tissue reactions associated with the use of radiotherapy in the management of patients with head and neck cancer are painful and they diminish the quality of life. So a novel approach has been made to fabricate customized intraoral stents that can help prevent \r\nthe unnecessary irradiation of the surrounding normal tissues, thus reducing the severity ofreactions. However, when properly designed and used, these stents are effective in reducing the treatment morbidity.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32945569,"asset_id":5993373,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7856206,"first_name":"British Biomedical","last_name":"Bulletin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EditorBBB","display_name":"British Biomedical Bulletin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EditorBBB?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7856206/5915532/6716757/s65_british_biomedical.bulletin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1328,"name":"Radiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":2443,"name":"Radiation Oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Oncology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":4720,"name":"Radiation Shielding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Shielding?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":4721,"name":"Radiation safety","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_safety?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":6825,"name":"RADIATION DAMAGE","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/RADIATION_DAMAGE?f_ri=7987"},{"id":7868,"name":"Radiation Health Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Health_Physics?f_ri=7987"},{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987"},{"id":8030,"name":"Radiation Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Physics?f_ri=7987"},{"id":8726,"name":"Brachytherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Brachytherapy?f_ri=7987"},{"id":8727,"name":"Permanent seed low dose rate prostate brachytherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Permanent_seed_low_dose_rate_prostate_brachytherapy?f_ri=7987"},{"id":10030,"name":"Radiation Therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Therapy?f_ri=7987"},{"id":10031,"name":"Radiation Dosimetry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Dosimetry?f_ri=7987"},{"id":10032,"name":"Radiation Protection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Protection?f_ri=7987"},{"id":10268,"name":"Medical Radiation Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Radiation_Physics?f_ri=7987"},{"id":18325,"name":"Radiobiology of Ionizing Radiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiobiology_of_Ionizing_Radiation?f_ri=7987"},{"id":19314,"name":"Radiation dosimetry (Physics)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_dosimetry_Physics_?f_ri=7987"},{"id":27521,"name":"Stents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stents?f_ri=7987"},{"id":29617,"name":"Synchrotron Radiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Synchrotron_Radiation?f_ri=7987"},{"id":37842,"name":"Image-guided radiation therapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Image-guided_radiation_therapy?f_ri=7987"},{"id":95377,"name":"Radiation Therapy Physics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Therapy_Physics?f_ri=7987"},{"id":106707,"name":"Solar Radiation Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solar_Radiation_Management?f_ri=7987"},{"id":163016,"name":"Radiation Detection","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Detection?f_ri=7987"},{"id":278326,"name":"Radiobiology of Non-Ionizing Radiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiobiology_of_Non-Ionizing_Radiation?f_ri=7987"},{"id":280309,"name":"Radiation and Cancer Stem Cells","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_and_Cancer_Stem_Cells?f_ri=7987"},{"id":280312,"name":"Non-targeted Effects of Low Dose Radiation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Non-targeted_Effects_of_Low_Dose_Radiation?f_ri=7987"},{"id":300878,"name":"Drug Eluting Stents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Eluting_Stents?f_ri=7987"},{"id":1162892,"name":"Radiation Oncology Clinical Medical Physics Radiation Therapy Medical Dosimetry Medical Oncology Cancer Biology Nuclear Medicine Cancer Science and Therapeutics Cancer Detection and Prevention Cancer Nanotechnology Clinical Oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Oncology_Clinical_Medical_Physics_Radiation_Therapy_Medical_Dosimetry_Medical_Oncology_Can?f_ri=7987"},{"id":1217549,"name":"HDR Brachytherapy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/HDR_Brachytherapy?f_ri=7987"},{"id":1262288,"name":"Coronary Stents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coronary_Stents?f_ri=7987"},{"id":1262289,"name":"Ureteral Stents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ureteral_Stents?f_ri=7987"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_59272877" data-work_id="59272877" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/59272877/Induced_mutation_breeding_for_qualitative_and_quantitative_traits_and_varietal_development_in_medicinal_and_aromatic_crops_at_CSIR_CIMAP_Lucknow_India_past_and_recent_accomplishment">Induced mutation breeding for qualitative and quantitative traits and varietal development in medicinal and aromatic crops at CSIR-CIMAP, Lucknow (India): past and recent accomplishment</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Purpose: The nature and kind of some successful mutations achieved through gamma radiation at CSIR-CIMAP, Lucknow are reviewed and described in this article. Medicinal and aromatic crops (MACs) came under the mutation-breeding program... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_59272877" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Purpose: The nature and kind of some successful mutations achieved through gamma radiation at CSIR-CIMAP, Lucknow are reviewed and described in this article. Medicinal and aromatic crops (MACs) came under the mutation-breeding program very lateperhaps during the 1980s in India. Nevertheless, successes have been glaring and unique too. The plant breeders of the Institute concerted attempts were made for the genetic restructuring of the plant-frame in Hyoscyamus niger L. (black henbane) and Cymbopogon martinii (palmarosa), enhanced alkaloid biosynthesis in henbane, weak, or lack of latex biosynthesis in Papaver somniferum L. (Opium poppy), increased productivity of seeds in Plantago ovata F. (isabgol), and new/increased formation of essential oils in Chamomila recutita [L.] Rauschert (Chamomile) and Cymbopogon winterianus (Java citronella). Several qualitative macro mutations were generated for commercial exploitation, e.g. an unbranched (Ub) and physiologically most efficient variety Aekla and high tropane alkaloid bearing variety Aela of H. niger, opium less oilseed variety Sujata of opium poppy, a dwarf mutant and a male sterile (ms) line of palmarosa, and new compound yielding variety of chamomile and geranium. Conclusions: The ample quantitative variation was also created by reshuffling the polygenic background in both seed and vegetatively propagated MACs, and subsequently, with applying mutation breeding approach superior varieties were evolved and released after a rigorous screening in the field-evaluation or under pipeline for release. These varieties are Niharika and Mayuri of psyllium; Vallary, CIMAP Sammohak, CIM Ujjwala, and YEL (yellow) of German chamomile and Manjari and CIM Jeeva of Java citronella.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/59272877" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="368cffe10abd49f0eaaec90f6679492c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73280957,"asset_id":59272877,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73280957/download_file?st=MTc0MDMwMTg5MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27759880" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PankhuriGupta4">Pankhuri Gupta</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27759880" type="text/json">{"id":27759880,"first_name":"Pankhuri","last_name":"Gupta","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PankhuriGupta4","display_name":"Pankhuri Gupta","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PankhuriGupta4?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27759880/10364193/11565432/s65_pankhuri.gupta.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_59272877 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="59272877"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 59272877, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_59272877", }); 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Medicinal and aromatic crops (MACs) came under the mutation-breeding program very lateperhaps during the 1980s in India. Nevertheless, successes have been glaring and unique too. The plant breeders of the Institute concerted attempts were made for the genetic restructuring of the plant-frame in Hyoscyamus niger L. (black henbane) and Cymbopogon martinii (palmarosa), enhanced alkaloid biosynthesis in henbane, weak, or lack of latex biosynthesis in Papaver somniferum L. (Opium poppy), increased productivity of seeds in Plantago ovata F. (isabgol), and new/increased formation of essential oils in Chamomila recutita [L.] Rauschert (Chamomile) and Cymbopogon winterianus (Java citronella). Several qualitative macro mutations were generated for commercial exploitation, e.g. an unbranched (Ub) and physiologically most efficient variety Aekla and high tropane alkaloid bearing variety Aela of H. niger, opium less oilseed variety Sujata of opium poppy, a dwarf mutant and a male sterile (ms) line of palmarosa, and new compound yielding variety of chamomile and geranium. Conclusions: The ample quantitative variation was also created by reshuffling the polygenic background in both seed and vegetatively propagated MACs, and subsequently, with applying mutation breeding approach superior varieties were evolved and released after a rigorous screening in the field-evaluation or under pipeline for release. These varieties are Niharika and Mayuri of psyllium; Vallary, CIMAP Sammohak, CIM Ujjwala, and YEL (yellow) of German chamomile and Manjari and CIM Jeeva of Java citronella.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73280957,"asset_id":59272877,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27759880,"first_name":"Pankhuri","last_name":"Gupta","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PankhuriGupta4","display_name":"Pankhuri Gupta","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PankhuriGupta4?f_ri=7987","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27759880/10364193/11565432/s65_pankhuri.gupta.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":47884,"name":"Biological Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_Sciences?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38366978" data-work_id="38366978" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38366978/Radiation_induced_inflammation_and_autoimmune_diseases">Radiation-induced inflammation and autoimmune diseases</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Currently, ionizing radiation (IR) plays a key role in the agricultural and medical industry, while accidental exposure resulting from leakage of radioactive sources or radiological terrorism is a serious concern. Exposure to IR has... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38366978" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Currently, ionizing radiation (IR) plays a key role in the agricultural and medical industry, while accidental exposure resulting from leakage of radioactive sources or radiological terrorism is a serious concern. Exposure to IR has various detrimental effects on normal tissues. Although an increased risk of carcinogenesis is the best-known long-term consequence of IR, evidence has shown that other diseases, particularly diseases related to inflammation, are common disorders among irradiated people. Autoimmune disorders are among the various types of immune diseases that have been investigated among exposed people. Thyroid diseases and diabetes are two autoimmune diseases potentially induced by IR. However, the precise mechanisms of IR-induced thyroid diseases and diabetes remain to be elucidated, and several studies have shown that chronic increased levels of inflammatory cytokines after exposure play a pivotal role. Thus, cytokines, including interleukin-1(IL-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), play a key role in chronic oxidative damage following exposure to IR. Additionally, these cytokines change the secretion of insulin and thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH). It is likely that the management of inflammation and oxidative damage is one of the best strategies for the amelioration of these diseases after a radiological or nuclear disaster. In the present study, we reviewed the evidence of radiation-induced diabetes and thyroid diseases, as well as the potential roles of inflammatory responses. In addition, we proposed that the mitigation of inflammatory and oxidative damage markers after exposure to IR may reduce the incidence of these diseases among individuals exposed to radiation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38366978" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2a8ba82d21b500e282eaa205ff738a66" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58420195,"asset_id":38366978,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58420195/download_file?st=MTc0MDMwMTg5MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="652424" href="https://kums.academia.edu/MasoudNajafi">Masoud Najafi</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="652424" type="text/json">{"id":652424,"first_name":"Masoud","last_name":"Najafi","domain_name":"kums","page_name":"MasoudNajafi","display_name":"Masoud Najafi","profile_url":"https://kums.academia.edu/MasoudNajafi?f_ri=7987","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38366978 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38366978"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38366978, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38366978", }); 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Exposure to IR has various detrimental effects on normal tissues. Although an increased risk of carcinogenesis is the best-known long-term consequence of IR, evidence has shown that other diseases, particularly diseases related to inflammation, are common disorders among irradiated people. Autoimmune disorders are among the various types of immune diseases that have been investigated among exposed people. Thyroid diseases and diabetes are two autoimmune diseases potentially induced by IR. However, the precise mechanisms of IR-induced thyroid diseases and diabetes remain to be elucidated, and several studies have shown that chronic increased levels of inflammatory cytokines after exposure play a pivotal role. Thus, cytokines, including interleukin-1(IL-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), play a key role in chronic oxidative damage following exposure to IR. Additionally, these cytokines change the secretion of insulin and thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH). It is likely that the management of inflammation and oxidative damage is one of the best strategies for the amelioration of these diseases after a radiological or nuclear disaster. In the present study, we reviewed the evidence of radiation-induced diabetes and thyroid diseases, as well as the potential roles of inflammatory responses. In addition, we proposed that the mitigation of inflammatory and oxidative damage markers after exposure to IR may reduce the incidence of these diseases among individuals exposed to radiation.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58420195,"asset_id":38366978,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":652424,"first_name":"Masoud","last_name":"Najafi","domain_name":"kums","page_name":"MasoudNajafi","display_name":"Masoud Najafi","profile_url":"https://kums.academia.edu/MasoudNajafi?f_ri=7987","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2443,"name":"Radiation Oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Oncology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":7987,"name":"Radiation Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radiation_Biology?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":9334,"name":"Inflammation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inflammation?f_ri=7987","nofollow":true},{"id":10030,"name":"Radiation 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