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道教 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
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class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon 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href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-發展歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#發展歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>發展歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-發展歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-教理和教义" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#教理和教义"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>教理和教义</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-教理和教义-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关教理和教义子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-教理和教义-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-道、德、三清" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#道、德、三清"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>道、德、三清</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-道、德、三清-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-无为、长生、修仙" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#无为、长生、修仙"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>无为、长生、修仙</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-无为、长生、修仙-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-道教與道家关系辨析" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#道教與道家关系辨析"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>道教與道家关系辨析</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-道教與道家关系辨析-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-人物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>人物</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-人物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-神仙" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#神仙"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>神仙</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-神仙-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-教派" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#教派"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>教派</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-教派-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-典籍" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#典籍"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>典籍</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-典籍-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关典籍子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-典籍-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-主要典籍" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#主要典籍"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>主要典籍</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-主要典籍-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-道藏" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#道藏"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>道藏</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-道藏-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-戒律" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#戒律"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>戒律</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-戒律-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-道术" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#道术"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>道术</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-道术-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关道术子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-道术-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-煉丹" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#煉丹"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>煉丹</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-煉丹-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-道教仪式" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#道教仪式"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>道教仪式</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-道教仪式-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-信众教团" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#信众教团"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>信众教团</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-信众教团-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-法具" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#法具"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>法具</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-法具-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-音樂" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#音樂"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>音樂</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-音樂-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-宫观與活动" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宫观與活动"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>宫观與活动</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-宫观與活动-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-主要節慶" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#主要節慶"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>主要節慶</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-主要節慶-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-各地發展" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#各地發展"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>各地發展</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-各地發展-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关各地發展子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-各地發展-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-漢字文化圈" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#漢字文化圈"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>漢字文化圈</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-漢字文化圈-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-中國大陆" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中國大陆"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1.1</span> <span>中國大陆</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中國大陆-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-香港" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#香港"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1.2</span> <span>香港</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-香港-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-臺灣" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#臺灣"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1.3</span> <span>臺灣</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-臺灣-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-日本本土" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#日本本土"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1.4</span> <span>日本本土</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-日本本土-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-琉球" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#琉球"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1.5</span> <span>琉球</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-琉球-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-韓國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#韓國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1.6</span> <span>韓國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-韓國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-越南" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#越南"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1.7</span> <span>越南</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-越南-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-東南亞" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#東南亞"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.2</span> <span>東南亞</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-東南亞-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-新加坡" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#新加坡"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.2.1</span> <span>新加坡</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-新加坡-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-马来西亚" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#马来西亚"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.2.2</span> <span>马来西亚</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-马来西亚-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他地區" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他地區"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.3</span> <span>其他地區</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他地區-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-与佛敎之間的关系" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#与佛敎之間的关系"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>与佛敎之間的关系</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-与佛敎之間的关系-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关与佛敎之間的关系子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-与佛敎之間的关系-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-老子化胡说" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#老子化胡说"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.1</span> <span>老子化胡说</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-老子化胡说-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-宗教間的比較" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宗教間的比較"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>宗教間的比較</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-宗教間的比較-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关宗教間的比較子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-宗教間的比較-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-一神教" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#一神教"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.1</span> <span>一神教</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-一神教-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-佛教" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#佛教"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.2</span> <span>佛教</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-佛教-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-一貫道" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#一貫道"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16.3</span> <span>一貫道</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-一貫道-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>注釋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关参考文献子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-引用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.1</span> <span>引用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-来源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#来源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18.2</span> <span>来源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-来源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸阅读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸阅读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>延伸阅读</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸阅读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">21</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">道教</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。152种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-152" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">152种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao%C3%AFsme" title="Taoïsme – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Taoïsme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daoismus" title="Daoismus – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Daoismus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao%C3%ADsmo" title="Taoísmo – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Taoísmo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%93_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="ताओ धर्म – 昂加语" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="ताओ धर्म" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="طاوية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طاوية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="طاوية – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="طاوية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%87" title="طاويه – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="طاويه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao%C3%ADsmu" title="Taoísmu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Taoísmu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daosizm" title="Daosizm – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Daosizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="تائوئیزم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تائوئیزم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Даосизм – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Даосизм" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agama_Tao" title="Agama Tao – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Agama Tao" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao%C4%97zmos" title="Taoėzmos – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Taoėzmos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoismo" title="Taoismo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Taoismo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Даасізм – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Даасізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Даасізм – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Даасізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Даоизъм – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Даоизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="তাওবাদ – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তাওবাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%85%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="ཏོའོ་ཅོའོ་ཆོས་ལུགས། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཏོའོ་ཅོའོ་ཆོས་ལུགས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daoegezh" title="Daoegezh – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Daoegezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoizam" title="Taoizam – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Taoizam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoisme" title="Taoisme – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Taoisme" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Бомбын шажан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Бомбын шажан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoisme" title="Taoisme – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Taoisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B4%CC%A4-g%C3%A1u" title="Dô̤-gáu – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dô̤-gáu" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Даосизм – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Даосизм" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="تاویزم – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تاویزم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoismus" title="Taoismus – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Taoismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Даосизм – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Даосизм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoaeth" title="Taoaeth – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Taoaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoisme" title="Taoisme – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Taoisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daoismus" title="Daoismus – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Daoismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoizm" title="Taoizm – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Taoizm" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B1%CE%BF%CF%8A%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Ταοϊσμός – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ταοϊσμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Taoism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoismo" title="Taoismo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Taoismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao%C3%ADsmo" title="Taoísmo – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Taoísmo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Taoism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoismo" title="Taoismo – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Taoismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="تائوئیسم – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تائوئیسم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taolaisuus" title="Taolaisuus – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Taolaisuus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Taoism" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoisma" title="Taoisma – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Taoisma" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao%C3%AFsme" title="Taoïsme – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Taoïsme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C3%B4ismo" title="Taôismo – 法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Taôismo" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="法蘭克-普羅旺斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daoismus" title="Daoismus – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Daoismus" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoisim" title="Taoisim – 弗留利语" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Taoisim" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao%C3%AFsme" title="Taoïsme – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Taoïsme" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taochas" title="Taochas – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Taochas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="道教 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="道教" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao%C3%AFsm" title="Taoïsm – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Taoïsm" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao%C3%ADsmo" title="Taoísmo – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Taoísmo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1o_mbo%27e" title="Táo mbo'e – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Táo mbo'e" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%93_%E0%AA%A7%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AE" title="તાઓ ધર્મ – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="તાઓ ધર્મ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Taoism" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tho-kau" title="Tho-kau – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Tho-kau" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%90%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="דאואיזם – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דאואיזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%93_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="ताओ धर्म – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ताओ धर्म" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Taoism" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoizam" title="Taoizam – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Taoizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoizmus" title="Taoizmus – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Taoizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A1%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Դաոսականություն – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դաոսականություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoismo" title="Taoismo – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Taoismo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoisme" title="Taoisme – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Taoisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okpukpe_Tao" title="Okpukpe Tao – 伊博语" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Okpukpe Tao" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="伊博语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoismo" title="Taoismo – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Taoismo" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoismo" title="Taoismo – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Taoismo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daoismi" title="Daoismi – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Daoismi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoismo" title="Taoismo – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Taoismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="道教 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="道教" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dowizim" title="Dowizim – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Dowizim" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoisme" title="Taoisme – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Taoisme" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="დაოსიზმი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დაოსიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao_%C5%8Bgb%C9%9By%C9%9B_t%C9%A9naa_l%C9%A9ma%C9%A3z%C9%A9y%C9%9B" title="Tao ŋgbɛyɛ tɩnaa lɩmaɣzɩyɛ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tao ŋgbɛyɛ tɩnaa lɩmaɣzɩyɛ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khwitawo" title="Khwitawo – 卡塔布语" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Khwitawo" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="卡塔布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Даосизм – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Даосизм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoisme" title="Taoisme – 格陵兰语" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Taoisme" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="格陵兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9C" title="សាសនាតាវ – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សាសនាតាវ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8A_%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5" title="ಟಾವೊ ತತ್ತ್ವ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಟಾವೊ ತತ್ತ್ವ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EA%B5%90" title="도교 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="도교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao%C3%AEzm" title="Taoîzm – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Taoîzm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoieth" title="Taoieth – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Taoieth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Даосизм – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Даосизм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoismus" title="Taoismus – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Taoismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoizmo" title="Taoizmo – 拉迪诺语" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Taoizmo" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daoismus" title="Daoismus – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Daoismus" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dauisme" title="Dauisme – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Dauisme" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao%C3%AFsme" title="Taoïsme – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Taoïsme" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Taoism" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoismo" title="Taoismo – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Taoismo" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daoizmas" title="Daoizmas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Daoizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daoisms" title="Daoisms – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Daoisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C3%B4isma" title="Taôisma – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Taôisma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Таоизам – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Таоизам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82" title="താവോയിസം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="താവോയിസം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Бумбын шашин – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бумбын шашин" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%93_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="ताओ धर्म – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ताओ धर्म" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoisme" title="Taoisme – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Taoisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao%C3%ADsmo" title="Taoísmo – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Taoísmo" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC" title="တာအိုဘာသာ – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တာအိုဘာသာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daoismus" title="Daoismus – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Daoismus" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%93_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="ताओ धर्म – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ताओ धर्म" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%93_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE" title="ताओ धर्म – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ताओ धर्म" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao%C3%AFsme" title="Taoïsme – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Taoïsme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoisme" title="Taoisme – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Taoisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoisme" title="Taoisme – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Taoisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao%C3%AFsme" title="Taoïsme – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Taoïsme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਤਾਓਵਾਦ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਾਓਵਾਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao%C3%AFme" title="Taoïme – 庇卡底文" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Taoïme" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="庇卡底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoizm" title="Taoizm – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Taoizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Taoism" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A4_%D9%85%D8%AA" title="تاؤ مت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تاؤ مت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoismo" title="Taoismo – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Taoismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Taoism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Даосизм – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Даосизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Таоізм – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Таоізм" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Таоизм – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Таоизм" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A3_%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A2" title="ᱛᱟᱣ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱛᱟᱣ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tauismu" title="Tauismu – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tauismu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Taoism" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoizam" title="Taoizam – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Taoizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Taoism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoizmus" title="Taoizmus – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Taoizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daoizem" title="Daoizem – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Daoizem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utao" title="Utao – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Utao" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tayoismi" title="Tayoismi – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Tayoismi" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoismi" title="Taoismi – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Taoismi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Таоизам – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Таоизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daoism" title="Daoism – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Daoism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utao" title="Utao – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Utao" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="தாவோயியம் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தாவோயியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%82" title="టావోయిజం – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="టావోయిజం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Даосизм – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Даосизм" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8B%E0%B8%B2" title="ลัทธิเต๋า – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลัทธิเต๋า" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoismo" title="Taoismo – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Taoismo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoizm" title="Taoizm – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Taoizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Даочылык – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Даочылык" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Даосизм – 图瓦语" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Даосизм" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="图瓦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8B%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%A7%DB%8B_%D8%AF%D9%89%D9%86%D9%89" title="داۋجياۋ دىنى – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="داۋجياۋ دىنى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Даосизм – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Даосизм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A4_%D9%85%D8%AA" title="تاؤ مت – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تاؤ مت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daosizm" title="Daosizm – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Daosizm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1o_gi%C3%A1o" title="Đạo giáo – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đạo giáo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawoyisse" title="Tawoyisse – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Tawoyisse" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoismo" title="Taoismo – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Taoismo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="道教 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="道教" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="დაოსიზმი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="დაოსიზმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%90%D7%90%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="טאאיזם – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טאאיזם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dauhgyau" title="Dauhgyau – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Dauhgyau" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="道教 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="道教" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8D-k%C3%A0u" title="Tō-kàu – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tō-kàu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="道教 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="道教" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9598#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected 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class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&oldid=85010884" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&id=85010884&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E9%2581%2593%25E6%2595%2599"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E9%2581%2593%25E6%2595%2599"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Taoism" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9598" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科,自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/24px-Confusion_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/36px-Confusion_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/48px-Confusion_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></a></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74069148">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.mobile{display:none}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.nomobile{display:inherit;display:initial}</style><span class="ifmobile"><span class="nomobile">  </span><span class="mobile"></span></span><b>提示</b>:此条目页的主题不是<b><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%AE%B6" title="道家">道家</a></b>或<b><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E9%81%93" title="神道">神道教</a></b>。</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 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.mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Expert_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目需要<b>精通或熟悉<a class="mw-selflink selflink">道教</a>的编者</b>参与及协助编辑。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2024年11月24日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%B0%88%E5%AE%B6%E9%82%80%E8%AB%8B%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E5%B0%8F%E7%B5%84" title="Wikipedia:專家邀請工作小組">邀請</a>適合的人士<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit">改善本条目</a>。更多的細節與詳情請參见<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="Talk:道教">討論頁</a>。<br />另見其他<a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E4%B8%93%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%B3%E6%B3%A8%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:需要道教专家关注的页面(页面不存在)">需要道教專家關注的頁面</a>。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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style="border:3px solid var(--border-color-notice); width:16.0em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#292929">道教</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pakua_with_frame.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Pakua_with_frame.svg/100px-Pakua_with_frame.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Pakua_with_frame.svg/150px-Pakua_with_frame.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Pakua_with_frame.svg/200px-Pakua_with_frame.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="473" data-file-height="473" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:var(--color-inverted,white); background:var(--background-color-inverted,#292929)"> 教義和要素</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93" title="道">道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E4%B8%BA_(%E9%81%93%E5%AE%B6)" title="无为 (道家)">無爲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%9D%99" title="清静">清静</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%8D%E9%81%99" class="mw-redirect" title="逍遙">逍遙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%9D_(%E9%81%93%E6%95%99)" title="三宝 (道教)">三寶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E9%81%93_(%E9%81%93%E6%95%99)" title="修道 (道教)">修道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%B8%E8%A7%A3" title="尸解">羽化飛昇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%88%E4%B8%80" title="守一">守一</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E4%BB%99" title="神仙">神仙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E4%BA%BA" title="真人">真人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3_(%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B)" title="氣 (中國)">炁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E6%A5%B5" title="太極">太極</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B4%E9%98%B3" title="阴阳">阴阳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E8%A1%8C" title="五行">五行</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%8D%A6" title="八卦">八卦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9F%E7%A9%80" title="辟穀">辟穀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E4%B8%B9%E6%9C%AF" title="内丹术">内丹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E4%B8%B9%E6%9C%AF" title="外丹术">外丹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E6%88%92%E5%BE%8B" title="道教戒律">道誡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E7%B1%99" title="符籙">符籙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E6%B3%95" title="雷法">法術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%8B%E9%86%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="齋醮">科儀</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:var(--color-inverted,white); background:var(--background-color-inverted,#292929)"> 人物</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90" title="老子">老子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%B9%E5%96%9C" title="尹喜">关尹子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%90" title="文子">文子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%AD%90" title="列子">列子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%84%E5%AD%90" title="庄子">庄子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%BC%E8%B0%B7%E5%AD%90" title="鬼谷子">鬼谷子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E8%A7%92" title="張角">張角</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E9%81%93%E9%99%B5" title="张道陵">张道陵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E4%BC%AF%E9%98%B3" title="魏伯阳">魏伯阳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%B8%E9%80%8A" title="许逊">许逊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E8%8F%AF%E5%AD%98" title="魏華存">魏華存</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%9B%E6%B4%AA" title="葛洪">葛洪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%87%E8%B0%A6%E4%B9%8B" title="寇谦之">寇谦之</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%86%E4%BF%AE%E9%9D%99" title="陆修静">陆修静</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E5%BC%98%E6%99%AF" title="陶弘景">陶弘景</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%BC%98%E7%9C%9F%E5%90%9B" title="李弘真君">李弘真君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%99%E6%80%9D%E9%82%88" title="孙思邈">孙思邈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E7%A5%96%E4%B8%83%E7%9C%9F" title="五祖七真">五祖七真</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E6%8A%9F" title="陈抟">陈抟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%96%87%E5%8D%BF" title="王文卿">王文卿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A9%AC%E6%89%BF%E7%A5%AF" title="司马承祯">司马承祯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E4%B8%80%E6%98%8E" title="刘一明">刘一明</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%B5%E5%85%83%E8%8A%82" title="邵元节">邵元节</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%9A%E4%BC%AF%E7%A7%80" title="褚伯秀">褚伯秀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E6%99%AF%E5%85%83_(%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B)" title="陳景元 (北宋)">陈景元</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E9%87%8D%E9%99%BD" title="王重陽">王重陽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%98%E5%A4%84%E6%9C%BA" title="丘处机">丘处机</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%B0" title="张三丰">张三丰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E6%92%84%E5%AE%81" title="陈撄宁">陈撄宁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%B9%E6%9E%97%E4%B8%83%E8%B4%A4" title="竹林七贤">竹林七贤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="道教人物列表">道教人物列表</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:var(--color-inverted,white); background:var(--background-color-inverted,#292929)"> 神仙</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B8%85" title="三清">三清</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%BE%A1" title="四御">四御</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%A7%8B%E5%A4%A9%E5%B0%8A" title="元始天尊">元始天尊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E5%AF%B6%E5%A4%A9%E5%B0%8A" title="靈寶天尊">靈寶天尊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%8A%E8%80%81%E5%90%9B" title="太上老君">道德天尊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%89%E7%9A%87%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%9D" title="玉皇上帝">皇天</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E5%9C%9F" title="后土">后土</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%AB%E5%BE%AE%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="紫微大帝">紫微</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="天皇大帝">勾陳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%A5%B5%E4%BB%99%E7%BF%81" title="南極仙翁">南極長生大帝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E4%B9%99%E6%95%91%E8%8B%A6%E5%A4%A9%E5%B0%8A" title="太乙救苦天尊">太乙救苦天尊</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E6%A5%B5" title="無極">先天</a>尊神</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8E%8B%E6%AF%8D" title="西王母">西王母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E7%8E%8B%E5%85%AC" title="东王公">东王公</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E5%A6%99%E7%8E%89%E5%A5%B3" title="玄妙玉女">聖母元君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%97%E5%A7%A5%E5%85%83%E5%90%9B" title="斗姥元君">斗姥元君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%98%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="三官大帝">三官大帝</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B7%B7%E5%85%83%E4%BA%94%E6%96%B9%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="混元五方上帝(页面不存在)">混元五方上帝</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E7%B2%BE%E5%AD%90" title="赤精子">赤精子</a>,<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E7%B2%BE%E5%AD%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水精子(页面不存在)">水精子</a>,<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E9%BB%83%E8%80%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中黃老(页面不存在)">中黃老</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E7%8E%8B%E5%85%AC" title="东王公">东王公</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8E%8B%E6%AF%8D" title="西王母">西王母</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%96%B9%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%9D" title="五方上帝">五方五老</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%9D" title="玄天上帝">玄天上帝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%A4%A9%E6%87%89%E5%85%83%E9%9B%B7%E8%81%B2%E6%99%AE%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A9%E5%B0%8A" title="九天應元雷聲普化天尊">雷聲普化天尊</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>天地山川百神</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E7%9A%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="九皇大帝">九皇大帝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E6%98%9F%E5%90%9B" title="太陽星君">太陽星君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B4%E6%98%9F%E5%90%9B" title="太阴星君">太阴星君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%97%E6%98%9F%E5%90%9B" title="北斗星君">北斗星君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%97%E6%98%9F%E5%90%9B" title="南斗星君">南斗星君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E6%AD%B2#太歲信仰" title="太歲">太歲星君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%81%E6%98%9F" title="魁星">魁斗星君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%B6%BD%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="五嶽大帝">五嶽大帝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%99%E7%8E%8B" title="龙王">四海龍王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E4%BB%99%E5%B0%8A%E7%8E%8B" title="水仙尊王">水仙尊王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%AF%8D" title="電母">金光聖母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E5%85%AC" title="雷公">雷公</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E9%96%93" title="陰間">冥府</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%86%E9%83%BD%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="酆都大帝">酆都大帝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%B6%BD%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="東嶽大帝">東嶽大帝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E6%AE%BF%E9%96%BB%E7%BE%85" title="十殿閻羅">十殿閻君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%96%B9%E9%AC%BC%E5%B8%9D" title="五方鬼帝">五方鬼帝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E9%99%BD%E5%8F%B8" title="陰陽司">陰陽司</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A4%E5%AE%98_(%E7%A5%9E%E7%A5%87)" title="判官 (神祇)">判官</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%A4%9C%E9%81%8A%E7%A5%9E" title="日夜遊神">日夜遊神</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E7%99%BD%E7%84%A1%E5%B8%B8" title="黑白無常">黑白無常</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>聖賢<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E4%BB%99" title="神仙">仙真</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%98%E5%8F%A4" title="盘古">盘古</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E5%A8%B2" title="女娲">女娲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E7%BE%B2" title="伏羲">伏羲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%86%9C" title="神农">神农</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%B8%9D" title="黄帝">黄帝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E4%BB%99" title="八仙">八仙</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%95%E6%B4%9E%E5%AE%BE" title="吕洞宾">純陽祖師</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%A4%A9%E7%8E%84%E5%A5%B3" title="九天玄女">九天玄女</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%8A%E5%B1%B1%E8%80%81%E6%AF%8D" title="骊山老母">骊山老母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E8%8A%B1%E4%BB%99%E5%AD%90" title="百花仙子">百花仙子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BB%E5%A7%91" title="麻姑">虛寂沖應真人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%8C%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%90%9B" title="三茅真君">三茅真君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%88%9D%E5%B9%B3" title="黄初平">黃大仙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%88%E8%88%AA%E7%9C%9F%E4%BA%BA" title="慈航真人">慈航真人</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>護法太保</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E9%9D%96_(%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9)" title="李靖 (神话人物)">托塔李天王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%AA%E5%90%92" title="哪吒">中壇元帥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E9%83%8E%E7%A5%9E" title="二郎神">二郎真君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8D%BE%E9%A6%97" title="鍾馗">驅魔真君鍾馗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E7%BE%BD" title="关羽">關聖帝君</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E7%BE%BD%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="關羽信仰">關羽信仰</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%83%E5%B8%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="四大元帥">四大元帥</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BA%AB%E5%A4%AA%E4%BF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="溫太保(页面不存在)">溫元帥</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%B7%E5%85%83%E5%B8%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="康元帥(页面不存在)">康元帥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E5%85%89%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="华光大帝">馬天君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%A4%A9%E5%90%9B" title="王天君">王靈官</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E5%A3%87%E7%9C%9F%E5%90%9B" title="玄壇真君">玄壇真君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B0%E9%83%BD%E5%85%83%E5%B8%A5" title="田都元帥">田都元帥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E7%87%9F%E7%A5%9E%E5%B0%87" title="五營神將">五營神將</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%BB%E7%9C%9F%E5%90%9B" title="法主真君">法主真君</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>民間俗神</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E7%A5%BF%E5%A3%BD" title="福祿壽">福祿壽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AA%BD%E7%A5%96" title="媽祖">天上聖母</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%AA%BD%E7%A5%96%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="台灣媽祖信仰">台灣媽祖信仰</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%A7%E9%9C%9E%E5%85%83%E5%90%9B" title="碧霞元君">泰山娘娘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B6%E5%90%9B" title="灶君">灶君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A1%E7%A5%9E" title="財神">財神</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%A8%E7%A5%9E" title="门神">门神</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E9%9A%8D" title="城隍">城隍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%BB" title="境主">境主</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E5%85%AC" title="土地公">福德正神</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E4%B8%8B%E8%80%81%E4%BA%BA" title="月下老人">月老</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%98%8C%E5%B8%9D%E5%90%9B" title="文昌帝君">文昌帝君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%99%E6%80%9D%E9%82%88" title="孙思邈">天醫真人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%85%E6%8B%AF" title="包拯">包公</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%94%9F%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="保生大帝">保生大帝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E5%85%83%E5%85%89" title="陳元光">開漳聖王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E6%BE%A4%E5%B0%8A%E7%8E%8B" title="廣澤尊王">廣澤尊王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%B1%B1%E7%81%B5%E5%AE%89%E5%B0%8A%E7%8E%8B" title="青山灵安尊王">靈安尊王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%8B%E7%8E%8B" title="三山國王">三山國王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%AC%E4%B8%89%E7%8E%8B" title="古公三王">古公三王</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%9D%E9%BE%8D%E4%B8%89%E5%85%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="九龍三公(页面不存在)">九龍三公</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%A7%A6%E7%8E%8B%E7%88%BA" title="西秦王爺">西秦王爺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%AA%E8%81%96" title="洪聖">洪聖大王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8A%E5%85%AC" title="車公">車公</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%8E%E7%88%BA" title="虎爺">虎爺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%87%E5%A5%B3" title="织女">七星娘娘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%8A%B1%E5%A8%98%E5%A8%98" title="金花娘娘">金花娘娘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%A8%E6%B0%B4%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="臨水夫人">臨水夫人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%BB%E7%94%9F%E5%A8%98%E5%A8%98" title="註生娘娘">註生娘娘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%A4%B7%E5%90%9B" title="武夷君">武夷真君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E7%8F%AD" title="鲁班">巧聖先師</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%B3%E9%A3%9E" title="岳飞">岳武穆王</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%85%AC%E6%9C%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="太公望">姜太公</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E4%BB%99" title="張仙">張仙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%B0%B4%E7%A5%96%E5%B8%AB" title="清水祖師">清水祖師</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%BC%98%E7%9C%9F%E5%90%9B" title="李弘真君">李弘真君</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%91%A3%E4%BC%AF%E8%8F%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="董伯華(页面不存在)">董公祖師</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%BA%9C%E5%8D%83%E6%AD%B2" title="五府千歲">五府千歲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%B9%B4%E5%8D%83%E6%AD%B2" title="五年千歲">五年千歲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E7%A6%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="五福大帝">五福王爺</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E7%A5%87%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="道教神祇列表(页面不存在)">道教神祇列表</a></b></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:var(--color-inverted,white); background:var(--background-color-inverted,#292929)"> 宗派</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li>早期 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E8%80%81%E9%81%93" title="黄老道">黄老道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E4%BB%99%E9%81%93" title="方仙道">方仙道</a></li></ul></li> <li>成型期 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E9%81%93_(%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99)" title="太平道 (宗教)">太平道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%96%97%E7%B1%B3%E9%81%93" title="五斗米道">五斗米道</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E4%B8%80%E9%81%93" title="正一道">正一道</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E5%A4%A9%E5%B8%88" title="张天师">张天师</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%B8%88%E9%81%93" title="天师道">天师道</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>古三派 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%BC%E8%A7%82%E9%81%93" title="楼观道">楼观道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%A7%8B%E6%B4%BE" title="文始派">文始道/隱仙派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E5%B1%B1%E6%B4%BE" title="華山派">華山道</a></li></ul></li> <li>诸宗派 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B5%E5%AE%9D%E6%B4%BE" title="灵宝派">灵宝派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%8E%E6%B4%BE" title="东华派">东华派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B8%85%E6%B4%BE" title="上清派">上清派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%85%E5%B1%B1%E5%AE%97" title="茅山宗">茅山宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A3%E7%9A%82%E5%AE%97" title="閣皂宗">閣皂宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E7%8E%84%E5%AE%97" title="重玄宗">重玄派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%BF%83%E6%B4%BE" title="天心派">天心派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E9%9C%84%E6%B4%BE" title="神霄派">神霄派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%BE%AE%E6%B4%BE" title="清微派">清微派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%80%E6%98%8E%E9%81%93" title="净明道">净明道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%AD%E5%B1%B1%E6%B4%BE" title="閭山派">閭山派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%BA%B5%E6%B4%BE" title="普庵派">普庵派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%80%E6%95%99" title="太一教">太一教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="大道教">真大道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%9C%9F%E9%81%93" title="全真道">全真道</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%99%E9%97%A8%E6%B4%BE" title="龙门派">龙门派</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%97_(%E9%81%93%E6%95%99)" title="南宗 (道教)">金丹南宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E4%B8%80%E9%81%93" title="正一道">正一道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E6%95%99" title="玄教">玄教</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A9%E4%BB%99%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="天仙派(页面不存在)">天仙派</a></li></ul></li> <li>各地道教 <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#中國大陆">中国大陆道教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="香港道教">香港道教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="台灣道教">台灣道教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="新加坡道教">新加坡道教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="日本道教">日本道教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="越南道教">越南道教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="朝鮮道教">朝鲜半岛道教</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#東南亞">东南亚道教</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:var(--color-inverted,white); background:var(--background-color-inverted,#292929)"> 典籍</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E7%BB%8F" title="道经">道经</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E8%97%8F" title="道藏">道藏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%93%E7%BB%8F" title="易经">易经</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90_(%E6%9B%B8)" title="老子 (書)">道德經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8A%E5%AD%90_(%E6%9B%B8)" title="莊子 (書)">南華經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E5%AD%90_(%E5%8F%A4%E7%B1%8D)" title="列子 (古籍)">沖虛經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%90_(%E4%B9%A6%E7%B1%8D)" title="文子 (书籍)">通玄經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B3%E5%B0%B9%E5%AD%90" title="关尹子">文始經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%AE%E5%8D%97%E5%AD%90" title="淮南子">淮南內篇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%B8%9D%E9%98%B4%E7%AC%A6%E7%BB%8F" title="黄帝阴符经">陰符經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%BA%AD%E7%BB%8F" title="黄庭经">黄庭经</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%98%93%E5%8F%82%E5%90%8C%E5%A5%91" title="周易参同契">參同契</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%B6%93" title="太平經">太平經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%82%9F%E7%9C%9F%E7%AF%87" title="悟真篇">悟真篇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E5%AF%B6%E4%BA%94%E7%AC%A6%E7%B6%93" title="靈寶五符經">靈寶五符經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%B6%BD%E7%9C%9F%E5%BD%A2%E5%9C%96" title="五嶽真形圖">五嶽真形圖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%9A%87%E6%96%87" title="三皇文">三皇文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%A6%E4%BA%BA%E7%BB%8F" title="度人经">靈寶度人經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%9E%E7%9C%9F%E7%BB%8F" title="大洞真经">大洞真经</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%98%87%E7%B6%93" title="西昇經">西昇經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%8A%E8%80%81%E5%90%9B%E8%AA%AA%E5%B8%B8%E6%B8%85%E9%9D%9C%E7%B6%93" title="太上老君說常清靜經">清静經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90%E6%B2%B3%E4%B8%8A%E5%85%AC%E7%AB%A0%E5%8F%A5" title="老子河上公章句">老子河上公章句</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E5%8D%B0%E7%BB%8F" title="心印经">心印经</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E6%99%9A%E5%8A%9F%E8%AA%B2%E7%B6%93" title="早晚功課經">功課經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%8A%E6%84%9F%E6%87%89%E7%AF%87" title="太上感應篇">感應篇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9E%E7%8E%84%E9%9D%88%E5%AF%B6%E5%AE%9A%E8%A7%80%E7%B6%93" title="洞玄靈寶定觀經">定觀經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%8A%E8%80%81%E5%90%9B%E5%85%A7%E8%A7%80%E7%B6%93" title="太上老君內觀經">內觀經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%8E%E6%81%AF%E7%B6%93" title="胎息經">胎息經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%97%E6%9C%AC%E5%91%BD%E5%BB%B6%E7%94%9F%E7%9C%9F%E7%B6%93" title="北斗本命延生真經">北斗經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%A4%A9%E6%87%89%E5%85%83%E9%9B%B7%E8%81%B2%E6%99%AE%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A9%E5%B0%8A%E7%8E%89%E6%A8%9E%E5%AF%B6%E7%B6%93" title="九天應元雷聲普化天尊玉樞寶經">玉樞經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E4%B8%8A%E7%8E%89%E7%9A%87%E6%9C%AC%E8%A1%8C%E9%9B%86%E7%B6%93" title="高上玉皇本行集經">玉皇經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%98%E7%B6%93" title="三官經">三官經</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%B1%E6%9C%B4%E5%AD%90" title="抱朴子">抱朴子</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E7%B6%B1%E8%AB%96" title="玄綱論">玄綱論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E4%B9%A6" title="化书">化书</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E7%AC%88%E4%B8%83%E7%AD%BE" title="云笈七签">云笈七签</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E4%B9%89%E6%9E%A2" title="道教义枢">道教义枢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%84%E6%9B%B8" title="善書">善書</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:var(--color-inverted,white); background:var(--background-color-inverted,#292929)"> 洞天福地</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%89%E4%BA%AC%E5%B1%B1" title="玉京山">玉京山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%86%E4%BB%91%E5%B1%B1_(%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D)" title="昆仑山 (神话)">崑崙山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%AC%E8%90%8A%E5%B1%B1" title="蓬萊山">蓬萊山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9E%E5%A4%A9" title="洞天">洞天</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E6%B4%B2%E4%B8%89%E5%B3%B6" title="十洲三島">十洲三島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%9E%E5%A4%A9" title="十大洞天">十大洞天</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E5%B0%8F%E6%B4%9E%E5%A4%A9" title="三十六小洞天">三十六小洞天</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E7%A6%8F%E5%9C%B0" title="七十二福地">七十二福地</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E5%90%8D%E5%B1%B1" title="道教名山">道教名山</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%BD%93%E5%B1%B1" title="武当山">武当山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%9F%8E%E5%B1%B1" title="青城山">青城山</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9E%E5%A4%A9%E7%A6%8F%E5%9C%B0" title="洞天福地">洞天福地</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9E%E5%A4%A9" title="洞天">洞天</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color:var(--color-inverted,white); background:var(--background-color-inverted,#292929)"> 其他</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%A3%AB" title="道士">道士</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E5%8F%B2" title="中國道教史">歷史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" title="中國道教音樂">音樂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%AB%E8%A7%82" title="宫观">宫观</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E9%87%8D%E7%82%B9%E5%AE%AB%E8%A7%82" title="道教全国重点宫观">道教全国重点宫观</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BA%91%E8%A7%82" title="白云观">白云观</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%BC%E8%A7%82%E5%8F%B0" title="楼观台">楼观台</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%9B%86" title="道曆">道曆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A" title="中国道教协会">中国道教协会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="中国道教学院">中国道教学院</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist"> <a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="Portal:道教">道教主題</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="Template:道教"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="Template talk:道教"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:道教"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84913072"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width:250;width:18.0em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E9%96%93%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="Category:中國民間信仰">中國民間信仰系列</a></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E9%97%B4%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="中国民间信仰">中国民间信仰</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E7%A6%84_l%C3%B9_or_%E5%AD%90_zi_symbol---red.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="“禄”象征符号,抽象化的“禄”字,意思是“繁荣”、“生产性”、“稳定性”、“坚定”,代表北斗七星的“天璣”,同样类似的还有印欧语的“卐”符号。禄的神明为禄神。"><img alt="“禄”象征符号,抽象化的“禄”字,意思是“繁荣”、“生产性”、“稳定性”、“坚定”,代表北斗七星的“天璣”,同样类似的还有印欧语的“卐”符号。禄的神明为禄神。" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/%E7%A6%84_l%C3%B9_or_%E5%AD%90_zi_symbol---red.svg/75px-%E7%A6%84_l%C3%B9_or_%E5%AD%90_zi_symbol---red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/%E7%A6%84_l%C3%B9_or_%E5%AD%90_zi_symbol---red.svg/113px-%E7%A6%84_l%C3%B9_or_%E5%AD%90_zi_symbol---red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/%E7%A6%84_l%C3%B9_or_%E5%AD%90_zi_symbol---red.svg/150px-%E7%A6%84_l%C3%B9_or_%E5%AD%90_zi_symbol---red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="194" data-file-height="194" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">哲学</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9" title="天">天</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%9D" title="上帝">上帝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93" title="道">道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7" title="德">德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3_(%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B)" title="氣 (中國)">气</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E4%BB%99" title="神仙">神</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%81%B5_(%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="灵 (中国宗教)(页面不存在)">灵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%AF%E9%9D%88" title="顯靈">顯靈</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B4%E9%98%B3" title="阴阳">阴阳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E8%A1%8C" title="五行">五行</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BD%E9%81%8B" title="命運">命運</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B7%A3%E5%88%86" title="緣分">緣分</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%AD" title="業">报应</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%97%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="得道">得道</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">理论</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%84%E6%9B%B8" title="善書">善書</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="中国神话">中国神话</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E4%BB%99" title="神仙">仙</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E4%BA%BA" title="真人">真人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E6%B2%8C" title="混沌">混沌</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%99" title="龙">龙</a> 和 <a href="/wiki/%E5%87%A4%E5%87%B0" title="凤凰">凤凰</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%B1%A1" title="四象">四象</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%A5%9E%E7%A5%87" title="Category:中國神祇">中国神祇</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%A4%A9%E8%BE%9F%E5%9C%B0_(%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D)" title="开天辟地 (中国神话)">中国开创传说</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">实践</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99#燒香的意義" title="香">敬香</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%AD%E7%A5%80" title="祭祀">敬祖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9F%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="功德">功德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%82%E7%B1%A4" title="求籤">求籤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%93%B2%E7%AD%8A" title="擲筊">擲筊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%8A%9F" title="气功">气功</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E4%BB%99%E6%96%B9%E6%9C%AF" title="神仙方术">方術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E6%B0%B4" title="風水">風水</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%93%E6%95%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="術數">術數</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E5%92%92" class="mw-redirect" title="符咒">符咒</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">神職</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%AB" title="巫">巫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%A9%E7%AB%A5" title="乩童">乩童</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E5%A3%AB" title="方士">法師</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BB%9F%E7%A5%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="廟祝(页面不存在)">廟祝</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">場所</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%A0" title="祠">祠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%AE%E5%BB%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="宮廟">宮廟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E5%A0%82" title="佛堂">佛堂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%95" title="龕">神龕</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">内部传统</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><b>传统哲学或教义:</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%AE%B6%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="道家思想">道家思想</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">道教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="中国哲学">其他学派</a></li></ul> <p><b>传统宗教仪式:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%AD%E7%A5%80" title="祭祀">祭祀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AE" title="醮">齋醮</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AA%A6%E7%B6%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="誦經(页面不存在)">誦經</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E6%B0%91%E9%97%B4%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="东北民间信仰(页面不存在)">东北民间信仰</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="法教(页面不存在)">法教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%A9%E7%AB%A5" title="乩童">乩童</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%A9" title="傩">傩文化</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F%E5%B7%AB%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中国传统巫教(页面不存在)">中国传统巫教</a></li></ul> <p><b>神明</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%9D" title="上帝">天公</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E5%85%AC" title="土地公">土地公</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B6%E5%90%9B" title="灶君">灶君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%A8%E7%A5%9E" title="门神">门神</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88" title="祖先">祖先</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AA%BD%E7%A5%96" title="媽祖">媽祖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E4%B8%BB" title="川主">川主</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E7%88%BA%E5%8D%83%E6%AD%B2%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="王爺千歲信仰">王爺信仰</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="中國秘密宗教">秘密社会</a>:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德教(页面不存在)">德教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%95%99" title="羅教">羅教</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%8A%9F" title="气功">气功</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%B8%9D%E6%95%99" title="天帝教">天帝教</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%85%86%E6%81%A9" title="林兆恩">三一教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%81%93" class="mw-disambig" title="天道">天道</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BD%A9%E8%BE%95%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="轩辕教(页面不存在)">轩辕教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%95%99" title="理教">理教</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">与宗教相关的</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E5%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E6%80%A7%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="中國傳統宗法性宗教">中國傳統宗法性宗教</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="本主教">本主教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E6%91%A9%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="毕摩教">毕摩教</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF%E6%95%99" title="苯教">苯教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%B7%B4%E6%95%99" title="東巴教">東巴教</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">道教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%95%99" title="摩教">摩教</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苗教(页面不存在)">苗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E5%B1%B1%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="梅山教">梅山教</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E9%97%B4%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="Template:中国民间信仰"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E9%97%B4%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="Template talk:中国民间信仰"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E9%97%B4%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:中国民间信仰"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yin_yang.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Yin_yang.svg/200px-Yin_yang.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Yin_yang.svg/300px-Yin_yang.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Yin_yang.svg/400px-Yin_yang.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption><a class="mw-selflink selflink">道教</a>的宗教符號<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B4%E9%98%B3" title="阴阳">阴阳</a>;也是<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E6%A5%B5%E5%9C%96" title="太極圖">太極圖</a>的標誌</figcaption></figure> <table class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align:left; font-size:small; line-height:1.5em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67735281">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size: 125%; background-color: #b0c4de;"><b>道教</b></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Tao.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Tao.svg/220px-Tao.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Tao.svg/330px-Tao.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Tao.svg/440px-Tao.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="497" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93" title="道">道</a>,是化生<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8E%9F" title="中原">中原</a>万物的本原</div></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="汉语">汉语</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><span style="font-size: 1rem; width: 50%;"><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" class="extiw" title="wikt:道教">道教</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="汉语拼音">汉语拼音</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width: 50%; text-align: left;"><span lang="zh-latn-pinyin"> Dàojiào<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; white-space: nowrap; font-size: small;">字面意思</th><td class="infobox-data" style="font-size: small; width: 50%;;">"以“<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93" title="道">道</a>”为最高信仰"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="font-size: small; width: 50%;;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><table class="infobox-subbox collapsible collapsed skin-nightmode-reset-color"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left; background-color: #f9ffbc">标音</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #dcffc9; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" title="官话">官话</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="現代標準漢語">現代標準漢語</a>)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="汉语拼音">汉语拼音</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><span lang="zh-latn-pinyin"> Dàojiào<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%A6%A5%E7%91%AA%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="威妥瑪拼音">威妥瑪拼音</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><span lang="zh-latn-wadegile"> Tao<sup>4</sup>-chiao<sup>4</sup> </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="國際音標">國際音標</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209503">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Linux Libertine","Segoe UI","Lucida Sans Unicode","Code2000","Gentium","Gentium Alternative","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Arial Unicode MS","IPAPANNEW","Chrysanthi Unicode","GentiumAlt","Bitstream Vera","Bitstream Cyberbit","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro","Lucida Grande",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important}</style><span title="国际音标" class="IPA"><span class="IPA" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87" title="Help:现代标准汉语国际音标">[tɑ̂ʊ.tɕjɑ̂ʊ]</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E9%AD%AF%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3#漢語耶鲁拼音" title="耶魯拼音">耶魯拼音</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><span lang="zh-latn"> Dàujyàu </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%AD%97" title="國語羅馬字">國語羅馬字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><span lang="zh-latn"> Dawjiaw </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="注音符號">注音符號</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><span lang="zh-bopo"> ㄉㄠˋ   ㄐㄧㄠˋ </span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #dcffc9; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%BD%E8%AF%AD" title="闽语">闽语</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%A9%B1%E5%AD%97" title="白話字">白話字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><span lang="nan-latn-pehoeji"> Tō-kàu </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8F%B0%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%AD%97%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="臺灣台語羅馬字拼音方案">台語羅馬字</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><span lang="nan-latn-tailo"> Tō-kàu </span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #dcffc9; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E8%AF%AD" title="吴语">吴语</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E8%AF%AD" title="吴语">拉丁化</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><span lang="wuu-latn"> Dau<sup>上</sup> Ciau<sup>去</sup> </span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #dcffc9; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%A4%E8%AF%AD" title="粤语">粤语</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87" class="mw-redirect" title="国际音标">国际音标</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r58929728">.mw-parser-output .sans-serif{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Lato,"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}</style><span class="sans-serif"> <span class="IPA" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87" title="Help:广州话国际音标">[tòu.kāːu]</a></span> </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="香港語言學學會粵語拼音方案">粵拼</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><span lang="yue-latn-jyutping"> Dou6gaau3 </span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E9%AD%AF%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3#粤语耶鲁拼音" title="耶魯拼音">耶魯拼音</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><span lang="yue-latn"> Douhgaau </span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #dcffc9; font-size: small;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="中古漢語">中古漢語</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal; width: 50%; white-space: nowrap;">- <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="中古汉语">中古汉语</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left; width: 50%;;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58929728"><span class="sans-serif"> dáw kæ̀w </span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></tbody></table> <p><b>道教</b>是中國的本土<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="宗教">宗教</a>、民族宗教,其思想最早源於<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="黃帝">黃帝</a>(黃帝學派託言),而道教教團的最早形式為<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8E%E5%90%89" title="于吉">于吉</a>開創的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E9%81%93_(%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99)" title="太平道 (宗教)">太平道</a>、及<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E9%81%93%E9%99%B5" title="张道陵">張道陵</a>創立的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%96%97%E7%B1%B3%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="五斗米教">五斗米教</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%B8%88%E9%81%93" title="天师道">天師道</a>),崇拜<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%AE%B6" title="道家">道家</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90" title="老子">老子</a>为道祖(现存的少许分支教派对此稍有歧义,但大多数主要派系还是尊老子为道祖),最早可以上溯到原始社会时期中國人的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%AD%E5%A4%A9" title="祭天">祭天</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88%E5%B4%87%E6%8B%9C" title="祖先崇拜">祭祖</a>等祭祀及<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%AB%E8%A1%93" title="巫術">巫術</a>崇拜活动,至<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="春秋战国">春秋战国</a>时期吸收神仙方术产生了<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E4%BB%99%E9%81%93" title="方仙道">方仙道</a>,後融合<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%AE%B6" title="道家">道家</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E9%99%BD%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="陰陽家">陰陽家</a>的「<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E8%A1%8C" title="五行">五行</a>」、「<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E9%99%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="陰陽">陰陽</a>」等思想合併形成黃帝學派,在漢代中后期形成<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E8%80%81%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="黃老道">黃老道</a>,經南北朝時期的宗教改革,及元、明時期的宗派融合,逐漸演變成現在的道教。 </p><p>道教是一個崇拜多位<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E" title="神">神祇</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="多神教">多神教</a>,主要宗旨是追求<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E7%94%9F%E4%B8%8D%E6%AD%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="長生不死">長生不死</a>、得道成仙、濟世救人。在中國傳統文化中佔有重要地位,在現代世界也積極發展<sup id="cite_ref-道教文化_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-道教文化-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。为戰國時代<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%B8%E5%AD%90%E7%99%BE%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="諸子百家">諸子百家</a>之一的<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%AE%B6" title="道家">道家</a>只是哲学理论,道教吸收了其以「<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7" title="道德">道德</a>」为核心概念的理论体系,并将<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" title="哲學家">哲學家</a>神化;但直到<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="漢朝">漢朝</a>中後期才有教團產生。<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E9%81%93%E9%99%B5" title="张道陵">张道陵</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8A%E5%B7%9E" title="益州">益州</a>(在今四川省)的鹤鸣山修道,创立了<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%B8%88%E9%81%93" title="天师道">天師道</a>,信奉<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90" title="老子">老子</a>為<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%8A%E8%80%81%E5%90%9B" title="太上老君">太上老君</a>,建立二十四治作为传教区域。至<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%9D" title="南北朝">南北朝</a>时道教宗教形式逐渐完善<sup id="cite_ref-中國道教簡史_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-中國道教簡史-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="唐代">唐代</a>太宗皇帝因老子(太上老君)姓李,与国姓相同,於是尊封<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90" title="老子">老子</a>为唐室先祖。所信仰的神仙大致可分为两大类,即“神”和“仙”;其中, “神”指的是<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E" title="神">神祗</a>,“仙”指仙真,是后天经过修炼得道、神通广大、变化莫测而又长生不死之人。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>道教以“<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93" title="道">道</a>”为最高信仰,认为“道”是化生<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8E%9F" title="中原">中原</a>万物的本原<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。道教(包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%AE%B6" title="道家">道家</a>、術士等)、<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="儒学">儒学</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>合称「三教」,为中华传统文化的主要构成部分,是在其中占据着主导地位的<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="理论">理论</a>学说和尋求有關实践練登圣的方法<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>现在學術界所说的道教,是指在中国古代宗教信仰的基础上,承袭了<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E4%BB%99%E9%81%93" title="方仙道">方仙道</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E8%80%81%E9%81%93" title="黄老道">黄老道</a>和民间天神信仰等大部分宗教观念和修持方法,逐步形成的以“道”作为最高信仰<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。主要是奉太上老君为教主,並以老子的《<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7%E7%BB%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="道德经">道德经</a>》等为修仙、修真境界主要经典,追求修炼得道的一种中國的宗教,道教成仙的主要方法大致可以歸納為五種,服食仙藥,外丹等,煉<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-disambig" title="氣">氣</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8E%E5%BC%95" class="mw-disambig" title="導引">導引</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E4%B8%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="内丹">內丹</a>修煉,並藉由道教科儀與本身法術修為等儀式及行善積德來功德成仙,常見後來的多為內丹修煉和功德成仙者與道術的修練者<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="發展歷史"><span id=".E7.99.BC.E5.B1.95.E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>發展歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节:發展歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GoldFlwr3.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/GoldFlwr3.gif/200px-GoldFlwr3.gif" decoding="async" width="200" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/GoldFlwr3.gif/300px-GoldFlwr3.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/GoldFlwr3.gif/400px-GoldFlwr3.gif 2x" data-file-width="424" data-file-height="614" /></a><figcaption>修道士畫像</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E5%8F%B2" title="中國道教史">中國道教史</a></div> <p>道教是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國">中國</a>土生土長的宗教。其科仪与祭祀最早可追溯於原始社會時期的崇拜天地、自然與鬼神,從最早的与鬼神溝通的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9C%E7%AD%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="卜筮">卜筮</a>等多種方式,原始宗教逐漸演變成<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="商代">商</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="周代">周</a>時期的祭祀<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9" title="天">上天</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%85%88" title="祖先">祖先</a>。 </p><p>到<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E6%88%B0%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="春秋戰國">春秋戰國</a>時期,原始宗教經歷了顯著的演變,並與社會文化知識相分化。<a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%B8%E5%AD%90%E7%99%BE%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="諸子百家">諸子百家</a>尤以道、儒、墨為「顯學」;可追溯最早人与鬼神溝通的占卜草筮及原始時期的崇拜自然與鬼神的<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E9%99%BD%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="陰陽家">陰陽家</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E4%BB%99%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="神仙家">神仙家</a>與此同時興起,各種尋找神仙及“長生不老藥”的活動,屢見於史書。這一時期,逐漸產生了<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E4%BB%99%E9%81%93" title="方仙道">方仙道</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E8%80%81%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="黃老道">黃老道</a>等初期道教思想。 </p><p>至<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%BC%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="東漢">東漢</a>末年,<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E9%81%93%E9%99%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="張道陵">張道陵</a>在西南蜀地<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8A%E5%B7%9E" title="益州">益州</a>(在今成都)稱得太上老君(老子)「授以三天正法,命為天師」,從而創立了<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E4%B8%80%E9%81%93" title="正一道">正一道</a>(又稱<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%B8%88%E9%81%93" title="天师道">天師道</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%96%97%E7%B1%B3%E9%81%93" title="五斗米道">五斗米道</a>)。在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8E%9F" title="中原">中原</a>,也有<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E8%A7%92" title="張角">張角</a>創立了<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E9%81%93" class="mw-disambig" title="太平道">太平道</a>,宣稱「蒼天已死,黃天當立」,組織民眾起事反抗東漢王朝(史稱<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E5%B7%BE%E4%B9%8B%E4%BA%82" title="黃巾之亂">黃巾之亂</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E5%B7%BE%E8%B5%B7%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="黃巾起義">黃巾起義</a>)。正一道和太平道的出現,標誌著道教開始成為有嚴密思想體系和組織制度的教團。在這種社會背景下,訂定道教經書的主要创始人物张道陵綜合傳統的鬼神崇拜、神仙思想、陰陽術數、卜筮巫术,并與漢代所崇尚<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E8%80%81%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="黃老道">黃老道</a>思潮逐漸融合。道教教派也於此時形成,道教的宗教形態初具。<sup id="cite_ref-道教天地_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-道教天地-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>道教教義主要融合自道家學說。道教与<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%AE%B6" title="道家">道家</a>是不同的,因为道家是學說,无宗教形態;道教是宗教,虽奉<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90" title="老子">老子</a>为<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E4%B8%BB" title="教主">教主</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8A%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="莊子">莊子</a>為<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%B8%88" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="祖师">祖师</a>,但其主张与<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%BA%84" class="mw-redirect" title="老庄">老莊</a>的思想并不完全一致,而更多得益於汉初盛行的以<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="黃帝">黃帝</a>、老子之名言修道养寿的<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E8%80%81%E9%81%93" title="黄老道">黄老道</a>。道教的另一渊源是始於<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="战国">战国</a>、盛於秦汉的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E4%BB%99%E9%81%93" title="方仙道">方仙道</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E4%BB%99%E9%81%93" title="方仙道">方仙道</a>分行气(含<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8E%E5%BC%95" class="mw-disambig" title="導引">导引</a>)、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%8D%E9%A5%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="服饵">服饵</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%BF%E4%B8%AD%E6%9C%AF" title="房中术">房中</a>三派。行气派尊<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%AD%E7%A5%96" title="彭祖">彭祖</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E4%B9%94" class="mw-disambig" title="王乔">王乔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E6%9D%BE%E5%AD%90" title="赤松子">赤松子</a>为始祖;服饵派以<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%A1%E9%97%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羡门(页面不存在)">羡门</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%9C%9F%E7%94%9F" title="安期生">安期生</a>为代表;房中派以<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B9%E6%88%90" class="mw-redirect" title="容成">容成</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A1%E6%88%90%E5%AD%90" title="务成子">务成子</a>为代表。此外,亦可遥追<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%B7%E5%95%86" class="mw-redirect" title="殷商">殷商</a>的鬼神崇拜。 </p><p>也有學者指出,早在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%BC%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="東漢">東漢</a>之前道教已有許多宗派,以史籍所載所曰,有關<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E9%99%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="張陵">張陵</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E9%AD%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="張魯">張魯</a>的事蹪,來論述道教不創自三張父子<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>,而《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%BC%A2%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="後漢書">後漢書</a>》有文於下:「<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E9%AD%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="張魯">張魯</a>字公旗。初祖父陵,順帝時客於<a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%80" class="mw-disambig" title="蜀">蜀</a>,學道鶴鳴山中,造作符書以惑百姓。受其道者輒出米五斗,故謂之米賊。陵傳子衡,衡傳於魯,魯遂自號師君。其來學者,被名為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AC%BC%E5%8D%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鬼卒(页面不存在)">鬼卒</a>,後號<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%AD%E9%85%92" title="祭酒">祭酒</a>。祭酒各領部眾,眾多者名曰理頭。皆校以誠信,不聽欺妄。有病,但令首過而已。諸祭酒各起義舍於路,同之亭傳,縣置米肉以給行旅。食者量腹取足,過多則鬼能病之。犯法者先加三原,然後行刑,不置長吏,以祭酒為理,民夷信向。朝廷不能討,遂就拜魯鎮夷中郎將,領漢寧太守,通其貢獻<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。」 </p><p>又《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97" title="三國志">三國志</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E9%AD%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="張魯">張魯</a>傳》<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E5%AE%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="劉宋">劉宋</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%B4%E6%9D%BE%E4%B9%8B" title="裴松之">裴松之</a>注引《典略》<sup id="cite_ref-漢魏道教_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-漢魏道教-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>:「熹平中(熹平為漢靈帝年號,172—177年),妖賊大起,三輔有駱曜<sup id="cite_ref-漢魏道教_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-漢魏道教-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。「光和中(光和為漢靈帝年號),東方有張角,漢中有張脩。駱曜教民緬匿法,角為<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E9%81%93_(%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99)" title="太平道 (宗教)">太平道</a>,脩為<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%96%97%E7%B1%B3%E9%81%93" title="五斗米道">五斗米道</a><sup id="cite_ref-漢魏道教_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-漢魏道教-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。太平道者,師持九節杖,為符祝(咒)<sup id="cite_ref-漢魏道教_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-漢魏道教-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。教病人叩頭思過,因以符水飲之,得病或日淺而愈者,則云此人信道;其或不愈,則為不信道。脩法略與角同,加施靜室,使病者處其中思過<sup id="cite_ref-漢魏道教_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-漢魏道教-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>;又使人為監令、祭酒。祭酒主以<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90" title="老子">老子</a>五文,使都習,號為監令,為鬼吏,主為病者請禱。請禱之法,書病人姓名,說服罪之意,作三通,其一上之天,著山上;其一埋之地;其一沉之水;謂之三官手書。使病者家出米五斗以為常,故號曰五斗米師。實無益於治病,但為淫妄,然小人昏愚,競共事之<sup id="cite_ref-漢魏道教_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-漢魏道教-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。後角被誅,脩亦亡。及魯在漢中,因其民信行脩業,遂增飾之。教使作義舍,以米肉置其中以止行人。又教使自隱,有小過者,當治道百步,則罪除。又依《月令》,春夏禁殺,又禁酒。流移寄在其地者,不敢不奉<sup id="cite_ref-登福_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-登福-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。」在《典略》這段文獻的記載中,<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%B4%E6%9D%BE%E4%B9%8B" title="裴松之">裴松之</a>誤以為<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E8%84%A9" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="張脩">張脩</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E8%A1%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="張衡">張衡</a>。姑且不論人名是否有誤;但可以很清楚看出當時的教派相當多;<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%96%97%E7%B1%B3%E9%81%93" title="五斗米道">五斗米道</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E9%81%93_(%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99)" title="太平道 (宗教)">太平道</a>一樣,都僅能算是道教的一個派別支流;在當時的道教,不僅僅是張陵張魯一家而已<sup id="cite_ref-登福_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-登福-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。而且或說張陵撰,或說張魯撰,常以「偽伎」一語<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,來攻襲其他教派,可以看出當時不僅道教的派別多,還常互相攻擊<sup id="cite_ref-登福_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-登福-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。又張道陵所傳之經,稱為正一經;而《雲笈七籤.卷六第四》:「《正一》者,真一為宗,大上所說<sup id="cite_ref-登福_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-登福-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。《正一經》,天師自云:『我受於太上老君,教以正一新出道法。謂之新者,物厭故舊,盛新,新出,名異實同,學正除邪,仍用舊文,承先經教,無所改造。亦教人學仙,皆用上古之法。』<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%8B%E9%95%B7%E6%85%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="王長慮(页面不存在)">王長慮</a>後改易師法,故撰傳錄文,名曰《正一新出儀》。」由張陵的標榜「新出」,可知當時舊經舊法固多。而通常宗教都是發展到某個階段後,才會定向分裂,成為多種不同的教派;由此可印證道教不創自<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E9%81%93%E9%99%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="張道陵">張道陵</a>。因而若以道教歸屬於張道陵所創不合乎於史實<sup id="cite_ref-登福_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-登福-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。因此,其他道教分支为了以示区别,也就不再以“道教”自称。 </p><p>至<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%9D" title="南北朝">南北朝</a>,道教派別多、各派教義戒律各不相同的情況仍舊。此時期道觀和佛寺都大量發展,道教受到佛教影響極深,吸收了大量佛教的天文、算数、医学等学问,並開始大規模改革。北魏道士<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%87%E8%AC%99%E4%B9%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="寇謙之">寇謙之</a>吸收佛教<a href="/wiki/%E8%BC%AA%E8%BF%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="輪迴">輪迴</a>觀、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%AD%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="業力">業力</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%A0%E6%9E%9C%E8%AE%BA_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="因果论 (佛教)">因果</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9_(%E9%81%93%E6%95%99)" title="天 (道教)">諸天</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%8D%84" title="地獄">地獄</a>等概念改革道教教義,又仿照佛教戒律和法會儀軌托文太上老君制定了<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E6%88%92%E5%BE%8B" title="道教戒律">道教戒律</a>和破地獄等部分科儀,废除了“集体黄赤之术”、“交五斗米入道”、“男女合气之术”等習俗与教理<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。至此,道教建立了較為完備的教團體系和神仙體系,宗教形態達到成熟;北魏立道教為<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%95%99" title="國教">國教</a>,標誌著國家承認了道教為統一合法宗教,甚至到唐朝時太宗皇帝崇<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90" title="老子">老子</a>(李耳)為唐朝皇室(李姓)之祖。 </p><p>然而,道教派別分立且相互時有齟齬的情況未得到根本解決。據清代道士<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%B8%B8%E6%9C%88" title="王常月">王常月</a>稱,<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%9C%9D" title="金朝">金</a>末<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%9C%9D" title="元朝">元</a>初<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%9C%9F%E9%81%93" title="全真道">全真道</a>道士<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%98%E8%99%95%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="丘處機">丘處機</a>又一次宗教改革,仿照佛教<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%88%92" title="五戒">五戒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E6%88%92" class="mw-redirect" title="八戒">八戒</a>,和沙彌、比丘、菩薩三壇大戒,制定了五戒、八戒,和初真戒、中極戒、天仙戒三壇大戒,且规定清信士必须经受戒仪式、由一名道士主持授戒才能算作道教徒。全真道自此成為佛教化最深的道教派別,其神祇體系亦吸收了佛教<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%A9%E8%96%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="菩薩">菩薩</a>,這些戒律也為全道教普遍遵守。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="教理和教义"><span id=".E6.95.99.E7.90.86.E5.92.8C.E6.95.99.E4.B9.89"></span>教理和教义</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节:教理和教义"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93" title="道">道</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7" title="德">德</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E4%B8%BA" class="mw-disambig" title="无为">無爲</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%AF%B6_(%E9%81%93%E6%95%99)" class="mw-redirect" title="三寶 (道教)">三寶 (道教)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="道、德、三清"><span id=".E9.81.93.E3.80.81.E5.BE.B7.E3.80.81.E4.B8.89.E6.B8.85"></span>道、德、三清</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节:道、德、三清"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>天师道从创宗之初,漢代張道陵以老子的《<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7%E7%BB%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="道德经">道德经</a>》为根本经典,将其中“<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93" title="道">道</a>”和“<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7" title="德">德</a>”作为基本的信仰<sup id="cite_ref-道教文化_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-道教文化-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。道教认为“道”是宇宙万物的本原和主宰,无所不在,无所不包,万物都是从“道”演化而来的。而“德”则是“道”的体现。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B8%85" title="三清">三清</a>尊神則是“道”最初的人格化顯現,也代表了宇宙創生的三個重要過程,即所謂「道生一,一生二,二生三,三生萬物」<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,三清化生出天地宇宙和自然諸神,這些稱為先天尊神(<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%B0%8A" title="天尊">天尊</a>),乃道所演化,先天既與道體合一。人類通過某些修煉方式可以達到與道合一的境界,這些人稱為後天<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E4%BB%99" title="神仙">神仙</a>,最高修為者也可以達到天尊<sup id="cite_ref-道教文化_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-道教文化-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>此外道教的至尊天神在歷史上的不同宗派<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E7%BB%8F" title="道经">道经</a>中还有其他说法,但是,最高信仰还是在“道”。“道”在不同的年代,顯化為道教的最高神明。一是以玉清<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%A7%8B%E5%A4%A9%E5%B0%8A" title="元始天尊">元始天尊</a>为最高天神,二是以上清<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E5%AF%B6%E5%A4%A9%E5%B0%8A" title="靈寶天尊">靈寶天尊</a>为最高天神,三是以太清<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7%E5%A4%A9%E5%B0%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="道德天尊">道德天尊</a>为最高天神,最後,演变成三位一体的“一炁化<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B8%85" title="三清">三清</a>”的神學理論。按《九天生神章》記載,道教的神學理論認為,三清皆是“玄,元,始”三氣所化。 </p><p>道教的教主當尊太上老君。有人昧於史實,稱道教教主是張道陵<sup id="cite_ref-登福_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-登福-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。然而道教主流認為教主向來為太上老君,玉清<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%A7%8B%E5%A4%A9%E5%B0%8A" title="元始天尊">元始天尊</a>代表道,上清<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E5%AF%B6%E5%A4%A9%E5%B0%8A" title="靈寶天尊">靈寶天尊</a>代表經,太清<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7%E5%A4%A9%E5%B0%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="道德天尊">道德天尊</a>代表師,道經師為道教三寶,反觀道教經典中,玉清與上清一直是神化概念,並未<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A5%E4%B8%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="入世(页面不存在)">入世</a>,唯有太清入世傳道,就此而言道教教主自然是太清道德天尊——太上老君。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="无为、长生、修仙"><span id=".E6.97.A0.E4.B8.BA.E3.80.81.E9.95.BF.E7.94.9F.E3.80.81.E4.BF.AE.E4.BB.99"></span>无为、长生、修仙</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节:无为、长生、修仙"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在修身方面,道教讲究“人天合一”、“人天相应”、“无为而治、不言之教”,“虚心实腹”、“归根复命”,“深根固柢”、“长生久视”、“知足不辱,知止不殆,可以长久”、“乘天地之正,而御六气之辩,以游无穷”等等。 </p><p>道家视生死为一,道教则重生恶死,追求<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E7%94%9F%E4%B8%8D%E8%80%81" title="长生不老">长生不老</a>,认为人的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD" title="生命">生命</a>可以自己做主,而不用听命於<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9" title="天">天</a>。认为人只要善于修道养生,就可以长生不老,得道成仙。因此也就产生了许多修炼方法:<a href="/wiki/%E7%82%BC%E4%B8%B9" title="炼丹">炼丹</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%8D%E9%A3%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="服食">服食</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E7%BA%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="吐纳">吐纳</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%8E%E6%81%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="胎息(页面不存在)">胎息</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%89%E6%91%A9" title="按摩">按摩</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8E%E5%BC%95" class="mw-disambig" title="導引">导引</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%BF%E4%B8%AD%E6%9C%AF" title="房中术">房中</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9F%E7%A9%80" title="辟穀">辟穀</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%98%E6%83%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="存想(页面不存在)">存想</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%8D%E7%AC%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="服符(页面不存在)">服符</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%B5%E7%BB%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="诵经(页面不存在)">诵经</a><sup id="cite_ref-教育部_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-教育部-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>明朝道士<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%B0" title="张三丰">张三丰</a>认为道的功用是“修身利人”,<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AE%B6" title="儒家">儒家</a>“行道济时”,<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="佛家">佛家</a>“悟道觉世”,道家“藏道度人”。道家讲修炼仙道,张三丰以修人道为炼<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%99" class="mw-disambig" title="仙">仙</a>道的基础,强调只要素行<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E5%BE%B7" title="陰德">阴德</a>,仁慈悲悯,忠孝信诚,全於人道,离仙道也就自然不远了。“人能修正身心,则真精真神聚其中,大才大德出其中。” </p><p>道教神學可以說是道家思想神秘化後的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="宗教">宗教</a>學說,彼此未必完全切合,其间异同,颇值玩味。然道教既祖称老、莊,尊崇《<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7%E7%B6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="道德經">道德經</a>》(即《老子》)、《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%8F%AF%E7%B6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="南華經">南華經</a>》(即《莊子》)等眾多道家經典,毕竟吸收继承了道家思想的大量内容而加以發揮。此外,它也以道為本體統攝了《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%93" class="mw-disambig" title="易">易</a>》以及<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B4%E9%98%B3%E5%AE%B6" title="阴阳家">阴阳家</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AE%B6" title="儒家">儒家</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="中医">中医</a>、以及上古<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E4%BB%99%E9%81%93" title="方仙道">方仙道</a>的內容。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="道教與道家关系辨析"><span id=".E9.81.93.E6.95.99.E8.88.87.E9.81.93.E5.AE.B6.E5.85.B3.E7.B3.BB.E8.BE.A8.E6.9E.90"></span>道教與道家关系辨析</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节:道教與道家关系辨析"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/35px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/53px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/70px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此章節<b>需要提供<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">更多來源</a></b>,否則內容可能<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AD%89" title="Wikipedia:可供查證">無法查證</a></b>。 <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2020年3月12日</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yin_yang.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Yin_yang.svg/150px-Yin_yang.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Yin_yang.svg/225px-Yin_yang.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Yin_yang.svg/300px-Yin_yang.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>太极图</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%AE%B6" title="道家">道家</a>與「道教」二詞,常被不加區別地使用。從歷史來看,這兩個詞指稱過很多不同的內容,也曾混為一談;現在也仍然有人將二者等同起來。然而,如果將道家理解為由老子、莊子開創,並在<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%99%89" class="mw-redirect" title="魏晉">魏晉</a>被重新發明的哲學思想流派,將道教理解為於兩漢逐漸形成,後又有若干發展分化的宗教,那麼,雖然道教在理論上汲取了道家思想的大量要素,甚至奉老子為教主,但是二者還是不能混為一談,也不能說道教理論就是道家思想。道教作為一種宗教,有其神仙崇拜與信仰,有教徒與組織,有一系列的宗教儀式與活動,其主要派別的傳承是大致清楚的。道家作為一個哲學思想流派,其思想演變與代表人物應是它被解說時最重要的內容;魏晉之後道家思想的傳承演變,現在看來還是模糊而難以說清的,但它對歷代學者文人的影響卻仍是依稀可辨的;從這個角度也可以說,狹義的「道家」指的就是<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E7%A7%A6" title="先秦">先秦</a>時代以老子、莊子為主要代表人物的哲學思想流派。 </p><p>也有學者認為,道家思想與宗教或有莫大聯繫。如<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%9E%E4%B8%80%E5%A4%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="聞一多">聞一多</a>在《道教的精神》一文中曾指出:「我常疑心這哲學或玄學的道家思想必有一個前身,而這個前身很可能是某種富有神秘思想的原始宗教,或更具體點講,一個巫教。這種宗教在基本性質上恐怕與後來的道教無大差別,雖則形式上盡可截然不同。這個不知名的古代宗教,我們可暫稱為古道教<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。」 </p><p>另外,道教某些人所謂長生不老,追求成仙、神通之类,而<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90" title="老子">老子</a>並未言及。道教内部的思想本身就很复杂,各派别之间也有相互龃龉的情况,也不是所有都追求长生不老,追求成仙、神通之类。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="人物"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E7.89.A9"></span>人物</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节:人物"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>參見<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="道教人物列表">道教人物列表</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="神仙"><span id=".E7.A5.9E.E4.BB.99"></span>神仙</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节:神仙"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E4%BB%99" title="神仙">神仙</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taiwan_Nu_wa_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Taiwan_Nu_wa_01.jpg/220px-Taiwan_Nu_wa_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Taiwan_Nu_wa_01.jpg/330px-Taiwan_Nu_wa_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Taiwan_Nu_wa_01.jpg/440px-Taiwan_Nu_wa_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2728" data-file-height="2863" /></a><figcaption>台灣宜蘭補天宮之女媧神像</figcaption></figure> <p>道教是一個<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="多神教">多神教</a>,道教的最高神是由道衍化的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B8%85" title="三清">三清</a>(「一炁化三清」)尊神,即<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%A7%8B%E5%A4%A9%E5%B0%8A" title="元始天尊">元始天尊</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%8A%E9%81%93%E5%90%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="太上道君">靈寶天尊</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%8A%E8%80%81%E5%90%9B" title="太上老君">道德天尊</a>,其中道德天尊即是太上老君<sup id="cite_ref-道教全球資訊網_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-道教全球資訊網-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>道教所信仰的神仙大致可分为两大类,即“神”和“仙”。 “<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E" title="神">神</a>”是指<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E" title="神">神祗</a>,即天神、地衹、物灵、地府神灵、人体之神、人鬼之神等,其中天神、地祗、阴府神灵、人体之神一类的“神”,是先天存在的真圣。“仙”指仙真,包括仙人和真人,是后天经过修炼得道,神通广大,变化莫测而又长生不死之人。<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>道教先人認為<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%BA%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="天庭">天庭</a>有<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%89%E7%9A%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="玉皇大帝">玉皇大帝</a>統治萬神,<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%8D%84" title="地獄">地獄</a>和海中世界各有其主的概念,地府與海洋作為天庭的附屬,而天、地、海三個區域的主神即<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%98%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="三官大帝">三官大帝</a>。道教也發展出了<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%BB%E7%BE%85" class="mw-redirect" title="閻羅">閻羅</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="地府">地府</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%8D%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="龍王">龍王</a>水晶宮的一系列神仙官員,再加上地方神仙系列如<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%9F%E6%9B%B9%E4%BD%BF%E8%80%85" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="功曹使者">功曹使者</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E7%A5%9E" title="山神">山神</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E9%9A%8D" title="城隍">城隍</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E7%A5%9E" class="mw-disambig" title="土地神">土地神</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B6%E5%90%9B" title="灶君">灶君</a>等<sup id="cite_ref-道教全球資訊網_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-道教全球資訊網-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,并吸收了古代<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中國</a>古代神話中的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8E%8B%E6%AF%8D" title="西王母">西王母</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E5%A5%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="玄女">九天玄女</a>等,信奉的神仙譜系極為繁雜。 </p><p>《太平經》中“神仙”分為六等,張君房《雲笈七箋》道書中“神仙”分為十個等級,以道書來說,道教的神仙譜系中,最高為“<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B8%85" title="三清">三清</a>”、“<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%BE%A1" title="四御">四御</a>”,最低為“<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E9%9A%8D" title="城隍">城隍</a>”、“<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E7%A5%9E" class="mw-disambig" title="土地神">土地</a>”。這是經過長期演化才逐漸定型的<sup id="cite_ref-道教全球資訊網_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-道教全球資訊網-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。如<a href="/wiki/%E5%AA%BD%E7%A5%96" title="媽祖">媽祖</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="關帝">關帝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%B3%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="岳王">岳王</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E5%BF%A0" title="雙忠">雙忠</a>等,本為民間的豪傑英烈,因為民間信仰而納入道教的神仙。道教早期雖然不供神像,但為了傳播方便而開始塑造神像供奉,在大型道教<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%AB%E8%A7%82" title="宫观">宮觀</a>中,必有“天尊殿”(或曰“<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B8%85%E6%AE%BF" title="三清殿">三清閣</a>”)以及“四御殿”,至於其他神仙,則根據道觀之歷史、地理特點而不盡相同,並合祀“三清”神像<sup id="cite_ref-道教全球資訊網_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-道教全球資訊網-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此外,道教先人認為人身也是一個小天地,因此人身上的各種器官,例如毛髮、五官等等也都有神靈駐守,而且還有相應的修持方法,如<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%B1%8D%E7%A5%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="三屍神">三尸神</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%9A%E7%94%B3%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="庚申信仰">庚申信仰</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="教派"><span id=".E6.95.99.E6.B4.BE"></span>教派</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节:教派"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taopriest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Taopriest.jpg/150px-Taopriest.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Taopriest.jpg/225px-Taopriest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Taopriest.jpg/300px-Taopriest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="877" data-file-height="1361" /></a><figcaption>道士</figcaption></figure> <p>道教内部门派众多,因分派标准不同而名称各异。 </p><p>历史上有<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E4%B8%80%E9%81%93" title="正一道">正一道</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%96%E5%B8%AB" class="mw-disambig" title="祖師">祖師</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E9%81%93%E9%99%B5" title="张道陵">张道陵</a>)、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%9C%9F%E9%81%93" title="全真道">全真道</a>(祖師<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E9%87%8D%E9%98%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="王重阳">王重阳</a>)、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%97_(%E9%81%93%E6%95%99)" title="南宗 (道教)">內丹南宗</a>(祖師<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E4%BC%AF%E7%AB%AF" title="张伯端">張伯端</a>)、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="大道教">真大宗</a>(祖師<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E6%B8%85%E5%BF%97" title="張清志">张清志</a>)、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%80%E6%95%99" title="太一教">太一宗</a>(祖師<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%AB%E6%B4%9E%E4%B8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莫洞一(页面不存在)">莫洞一</a>)五大宗之分法,與<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%B8%88%E9%81%93" title="天师道">天师道</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%9C%9F%E9%81%93" title="全真道">全真道</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B5%E5%AE%9D%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="灵宝道">灵宝道</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%BE%AE%E6%B4%BE" title="清微派">清微道</a>四大派的分法。还有道德、先天、灵宝、正一、清微、净明、玉堂、天心八派的说法<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>近现代最有影响的则是符箓派和丹鼎派,就纯宗教方面分之,主要分为五个派别為<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <ul><li>积善(積善派):主張行善施仁,累積功德,安己利人,達到天人相感為目的。</li> <li>经典(妙真道):主要為研究道教典籍,闡釋玄學哲理,推究天人奧秘。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BC%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="丹鼎">丹鼎</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E4%B8%B9%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="金丹派">金丹派</a>):主張經由性命雙修、服食辟穀等方式,達到超凡入聖、羽化登仙目的,分<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E4%B8%B9%E6%9C%AF" title="外丹术">外丹</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E4%B8%B9%E6%9C%AF" title="内丹术">内丹</a>二脈。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E7%AE%93" class="mw-redirect" title="符箓">符箓</a>(符錄派):主要以進行飛符演法(<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E5%92%92" class="mw-redirect" title="符咒">符咒</a>)、齋醮祈禳、拜章禮斗,以治病除煞、濟人度鬼為目的。</li> <li>占验(占驗派):主要修為以探究<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BD" class="mw-disambig" title="命">命</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9C" class="mw-disambig" title="卜">卜</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8" class="mw-disambig" title="相">相</a>與五行<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="數術">數術</a>、預測吉凶禍福,以趨吉避凶為目的。</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E5%8F%B2" title="中國道教史">道教歷史</a>上较有影响的幾個派別: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E4%B8%80%E9%81%93" title="正一道">正一道</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%B8%88%E9%81%93" title="天师道">天师道</a>):源出漢代<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%B8%88%E9%81%93" title="天师道">天師道</a>,又幾經變化。至明清時期,三洞經籙、靈寶齋醮、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E9%9C%84%E6%B4%BE" title="神霄派">神霄</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E6%B3%95" title="雷法">雷法</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%BE%AE%E6%B4%BE" title="清微派">清微</a>雷法、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E5%85%83%E6%B4%BE" title="混元派">混元法</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%80%E6%98%8E%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="净明派">淨明法</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%BF%83%E6%B4%BE" title="天心派">天心法</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%AD%E5%B1%B1%E6%B4%BE" title="閭山派">閭山法</a>等歷代道教的符籙、祈禳之術皆歸屬正一道,因元代張天師權領天下道教,將<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%B1%B1%E7%AC%A6%E7%B1%99" class="mw-redirect" title="三山符籙">三山符籙</a>收歸龍虎山,改江西<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%8D%E8%99%8E%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="龍虎山">龍虎山</a>天師道的「正一宗壇」為「萬法宗壇」。其<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%A3%AB" title="道士">道士</a>可在家修行,不戒荤腥,可婚娶生子。其<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%AB%E8%A7%82" title="宫观">道观</a>一般被称作为“子孙庙”。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%9C%9F%E9%81%93" title="全真道">全真道</a>:源於<a href="/wiki/%E9%8D%BE%E9%9B%A2%E6%AC%8A" title="鍾離權">鍾離權</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%82%E6%B4%9E%E8%B3%93" class="mw-redirect" title="呂洞賓">呂洞賓</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E4%B8%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="内丹">內丹</a>思想,本起自<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%97_(%E9%81%93%E6%95%99)" title="北宗 (道教)">內丹北派</a>,後和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%97_(%E9%81%93%E6%95%99)" title="南宗 (道教)">南派</a>交融,兩者合流,繼而出現<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%B4%BE" title="中派">中派</a>一說。全真道丹法影響了非全真道的內丹<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="東派">東派</a>和內丹<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%BE" title="西派">西派</a>。創教之初強調內功、外行並重,後基於傳教需要,又引進齋醮科儀之法事。全真道下支流很多,後僅餘<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%99%E9%97%A8%E6%B4%BE" title="龙门派">龙门派</a>,至近現代又衍出<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E7%95%B6%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="武當派">武當派</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%82%E5%B1%B1" title="崂山">嶗山</a>派等。其道士居住在宮觀,出家清修,戒律要求茹素、獨身。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%80%E6%98%8E%E9%81%93" title="净明道">净明道</a>:<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%8B" title="南宋">南宋</a>时创建,以江西<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%8D%E9%81%A5%E5%B1%B1_(%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD)" title="逍遥山 (中国)">逍遙山</a>為傳播中心,供奉<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%B1%E9%81%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="許遜">許遜</a>為祖師,設「淨明宗壇」,<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D" title="明朝">明朝</a>以后该教逐渐归入正一道。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B8%85%E6%B4%BE" title="上清派">上清派</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%85%E5%B1%B1%E5%AE%97" title="茅山宗">茅山宗</a>:以江蘇<a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%85%E5%B1%B1" title="茅山">茅山</a>為傳播中心,供奉<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%8C%85%E7%9C%9F%E5%90%9B" title="三茅真君">三茅真君</a>為祖師,設「大洞宗壇」,後來收歸於龍虎山。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B5%E5%AE%9D%E6%B4%BE" title="灵宝派">灵宝派</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A3%E7%9A%82%E5%AE%97" title="閣皂宗">閣皂宗</a>:以江西<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A3%E7%9A%82%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="閣皂山">閣皂山</a>為傳播中心,供奉<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%9B%E7%8E%84" title="葛玄">葛玄</a>為祖師,設「靈寶宗壇」,後來收歸於龍虎山。</li></ol> <p>明朝以後,道教主要分为<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E4%B8%80%E9%81%93" title="正一道">正一道</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%9C%9F%E9%81%93" title="全真道">全真道</a>二大派别,其他宗派全部归纳到这二个宗派之下,在清朝這一做法延續,其他教派(除儒釋道三教外)淪為<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%A5%95%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="中國祕密宗教">祕密宗教</a>,道教也限于這二派,到清末只剩下<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%BE%AE%E6%B4%BE" title="清微派">清微派</a>,其餘不是併入全真正一二宗便是亡散。但自民國之後又開始變化,産生很多與這二派有別的教派,例如<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%B4%85%E5%8D%8D%E5%AD%97%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="世界紅卍字會">世界紅卍字會</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%82%9F%E5%96%84%E7%A4%BE" title="悟善社">悟善社</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%8C%E5%96%84%E7%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="同善社(页面不存在)">同善社</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E5%A4%A9%E9%81%93" title="先天道">先天道</a>及一些變體(即教義已有根本轉變的)如<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%80%E6%95%99" title="三一教">三一教</a>、天地門教、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E8%B2%AB%E9%81%93" title="一貫道">一貫道</a>、真空道、軒轅教等,但這些教派在49年後全被禁止,餘下的只在港、臺及東南亞流傳。在中国大陸僅餘三一教及天地門教。 </p><p>现在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82" title="北京市">北京</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BA%91%E8%A7%82" title="白云观">白云观</a>藏有《诸真宗派总簿》,所列道派系谱共有八十七派,实际上有些只是系谱的续字,不是独立一派。另外據教內所傳典籍,應為36天教及72地教,总共应108个教派。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="典籍"><span id=".E5.85.B8.E7.B1.8D"></span>典籍</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节:典籍"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="主要典籍"><span id=".E4.B8.BB.E8.A6.81.E5.85.B8.E7.B1.8D"></span>主要典籍</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节:主要典籍"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E7%BB%8F" title="道经">道經</a></div> <p>道教奉<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90" title="老子">老子</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7%E7%BB%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="道德经">道德经</a>》、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%84%E5%AD%90" title="庄子">庄子</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%8F%AF%E7%B6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="南華經">南华经</a>》为最重要的两部经典,此外,文始經、太平經及黃庭經也常列為其本經典、合稱道門五經,都是無論任何教派都是必修經典。 </p><p>此外,常見經典有“抱朴子”,周易參同契、鈡呂傳道集、悟真篇,都是道学必修經書。 </p><p>公元471年南北朝时期<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%86%E4%BF%AE%E9%9D%99" title="陆修静">陆修静</a>编的道教《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B4%9E%E7%BB%8F%E4%B9%A6%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="三洞经书目录">三洞经书目录</a>》,收集历代道家著作,不仅包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="哲学">哲学</a>和道家理论,而且包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%82%BC%E4%B8%B9" title="炼丹">炼丹</a>、养生、治病、气功等方面的著作。記載道教符錄、齋<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80905552">.mw-parser-output ruby.zy{text-align:justify;text-justify:none}.mw-parser-output ruby.zy>rp{user-select:none}.mw-parser-output ruby.zy>rt{font-feature-settings:"ruby"1;font-size:90%;user-select:none}.mw-parser-output ruby.zy>rt+rt{padding-left:0.15em}</style><ruby class="zy center"><rb>醮</rb><rp>(</rp><rt lang="zh-Latn-pinyin">jiào</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>、科儀、修煉方法的經典主要有《正统道藏》、《道藏辑要》、《万历续道藏》等,這些典籍有對中國古代的<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="政治">政治</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="經濟">經濟</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="文化">文化</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" class="mw-redirect" title="科技">科技</a>等產生影響。目前主要是以明代《正统道藏》廣為流傳,歷代道教經典多收錄於此。道教的经书数量非常庞大,各派的主要经典也各不相同<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%98%93%E5%8F%82%E5%90%8C%E5%A5%91" title="周易参同契">周易参同契</a>》是最早的丹经,称为丹经之祖,此外《<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%B1%E6%9C%B4%E5%AD%90" title="抱朴子">抱朴子</a>》也是道教丹鼎派的基本经典。《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%BB%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="太平经">太平经</a>》和《<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90%E6%83%B3%E5%B0%94%E6%B3%A8" title="老子想尔注">老子想尔注</a>》也是道教早期的主要经典。《<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%BA%AD%E7%BB%8F" title="黄庭经">黄庭经</a>》和《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%9E%E7%9C%9F%E7%BB%8F" title="大洞真经">上清大洞真经</a>》则是上清经箓派的主要经典,<a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%85%E5%B1%B1%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="茅山派">茅山派</a>也非常重之。《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%A6%E4%BA%BA%E7%BB%8F" title="度人经">度人经</a>》和《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%9A%87%E6%96%87" title="三皇文">三皇文</a>》则是<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B5%E5%AE%9D%E6%B4%BE" title="灵宝派">灵宝派</a>和三皇派的主要经典。《<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%B8%9D%E9%98%B4%E7%AC%A6%E7%BB%8F" title="黄帝阴符经">阴符经</a>》和《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E6%B8%85%E9%9D%99%E7%BB%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="常清静经">常清静经</a>》也是道教两部非常重要的经书,是道士必须诵习的经书。此外,《<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%89%E7%9A%87%E7%BB%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="玉皇经">玉皇经</a>》和《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E5%8D%B0%E7%BB%8F" title="心印经">心印妙经</a>》也是道教徒的日常功课之一<sup id="cite_ref-心印妙經_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-心印妙經-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B" title="北宋">北宋</a>后出现了《<a href="/wiki/%E6%82%9F%E7%9C%9F%E7%AF%87" title="悟真篇">悟真篇</a>》、《<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E4%B8%B9%E5%9B%9B%E7%99%BE%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="金丹四百字">金丹四百字</a>》等经典。 </p><p>道教南宗正一派虽然以<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E7%AE%93" class="mw-redirect" title="符箓">符箓</a>、斋醮、科仪为主,但<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B" title="北宋">北宋</a>以后也主张三教一理,修炼<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E4%B8%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="内丹">内丹</a>。 </p><p>道教北宗全真派更主张三教合一,炼气全神,明心见性,兼融释儒,以《道德经》、《<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9D%E7%BB%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="孝经">孝经</a>》和《<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%AC%E8%8B%A5%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E8%9C%9C%E5%A4%9A%E5%BF%83%E7%B6%93" title="般若波羅蜜多心經">般若心经</a>》三家经典为主,提倡「孝谨纯一」。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="道藏"><span id=".E9.81.93.E8.97.8F"></span>道藏</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节:道藏"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E8%97%8F" title="道藏">道藏</a></div> <p>道藏是道教經籍的總集,是按照一定的編纂意圖、收集範圍和組織結構,將許多經典編排起來的大型道教叢書。包括南北朝的《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B4%9E%E7%B6%93%E6%9B%B8%E7%9B%AE%E9%8C%84" class="mw-redirect" title="三洞經書目錄">三洞經書目錄</a>》,<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="唐代">唐代</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%85%83%E9%81%93%E8%97%8F" title="开元道藏">開元道藏</a>》,宋代的《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%AE%8B%E5%A4%A9%E5%AE%AE%E5%AF%B6%E8%97%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大宋天宮寶藏(页面不存在)">大宋天宮寶藏</a>》(《<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B2%E7%AC%88%E4%B8%83%E7%B1%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="雲笈七籤">雲笈七籤</a>》為其精編版)、《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%AC%E5%A3%BD%E9%81%93%E8%97%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萬壽道藏(页面不存在)">萬壽道藏</a>》,<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%9C%9D" title="金朝">金朝</a>的《<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E9%83%BD%E5%AE%9D%E8%97%8F" title="玄都宝藏">玄都寶藏</a>》,元朝的《<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E9%83%BD%E5%AE%9D%E8%97%8F" title="玄都宝藏">玄都寶藏</a>》,明代的《<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1%E9%81%93%E8%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="正統道藏">正統道藏</a>》和《<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E6%9B%86%E7%BA%8C%E9%81%93%E8%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="萬曆續道藏">萬曆續道藏</a>》和近代的《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E9%81%93%E8%97%8F" title="中华道藏">中華道藏</a>》。 </p><p>道藏經典分為<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B4%9E%E5%9B%9B%E8%BE%85%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E7%B1%BB" title="三洞四辅十二类">三洞四輔十二部</a>。三洞為《洞真部》、《洞神部》、《洞玄部》,所有經典內籍以這三類為大宗。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="戒律"><span id=".E6.88.92.E5.BE.8B"></span>戒律</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节:戒律"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E6%88%92%E5%BE%8B" title="道教戒律">道教戒律</a></div> <p>最早,道教原本并没有太多清规戒律,并不要求素食,不禁食肉饮酒,可以结婚生子。例如,成仙的<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%B8%9D" title="黄帝">黄帝</a>就是饮酒食肉,娶妻生子。古时祭天采用牛、羊、豕,且须用酒,因此早期道教显然不禁止酒肉。 </p><p>后来,由于外来的佛教传入,才使得道教发生变化,仿照佛教制造了一些清规戒律。<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E6%88%92%E5%BE%8B" title="道教戒律">道教戒律</a>是一些约束<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%A3%AB" title="道士">道士</a>思想言行的准则。是由北魏寇谦之创立,因为早期张道陵所制的道戒不严。到北魏时期道戒松散各成一体,到了隋朝根本废除集体黄赤之术和交五斗米入道。道教的戒律依照不同的教派,有着不同的内容。一般说来,<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%9C%9F%E9%81%93" title="全真道">全真派</a>的戒律严于<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%A6%E7%AE%93%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="符箓派(页面不存在)">符箓派</a>。戒律的内容主要有不得杀生,不得喝酒吃肉,不得偷盗,不得邪淫等。戒律是教徒必须遵守的,全真三堂大戒在清朝<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BA%91%E8%A7%82" title="白云观">白云观</a>高道<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%B8%B8%E6%9C%88" title="王常月">王常月</a>於《钵鉴》中称<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%98%E5%A4%84%E6%9C%BA" title="丘处机">丘处机</a>革新道教传统戒律,乃仿佛教沙弥,比丘,菩萨三戒之制定初真,中极,天仙戒。而且必须有一个受戒仪式一名道士才能算作教徒。根据规则的严紧程度,戒律可以分成上品戒,中品戒,下品戒。根据戒條的多少有“三戒”、“五戒”、“八戒”、“十戒”、“老君二十七戒”等<sup id="cite_ref-道教文化_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-道教文化-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <ol><li>“五戒”为“不杀生”、“不偷盗”、“不邪淫”、“不妄语”、“不饮酒”。</li> <li>“八戒”为“不杀生”、“不偷盗”、“不邪淫”、“不妄语”、“不饮酒”、“不得眠坐高广华丽之床”、“不得涂脂抹粉”、“不得观听歌舞”</li></ol> <p>除戒律外,还有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E6%B8%85%E8%A7%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="道教清规(页面不存在)">道教清规</a>,就是道士犯戒以后的处罚手段。具体条例派别不同则规定也不同。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="道术"><span id=".E9.81.93.E6.9C.AF"></span>道术</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节:道术"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E7%AC%A6.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E7%AC%A6.jpg/150px-%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E7%AC%A6.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E7%AC%A6.jpg/225px-%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E7%AC%A6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E7%AC%A6.jpg/300px-%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E7%AC%A6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="795" data-file-height="1621" /></a><figcaption>道教中的平安符(茅山上清)</figcaption></figure> <p>道教的宗教活动十分庞杂,常與<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E9%96%93%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="民間信仰">民間信仰</a>互相影響,因此也有人稱「方術」為「道術」。 主要分两大类<sup id="cite_ref-道教文化0_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-道教文化0-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,道士的自身修行和道教儀式,內容包括道教經法、懺法、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%8B" class="mw-disambig" title="齋">齋</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AE" title="醮">醮</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E5%92%92" class="mw-redirect" title="符咒">符咒</a>、禁咒、隱遁、乘蹻、驅邪、伏魔、降妖、消災、祈禳、<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%BF%E4%B8%AD%E6%9C%AF" title="房中术">房中術</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E4%BB%99" title="神仙">神仙</a>術、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9F%E7%A9%80" title="辟穀">辟谷</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E6%B0%B4" title="風水">風水</a>堪輿、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A0%E5%8D%9C" title="占卜">占卜</a>等。 此外道教还有许多道术。例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E8%A7%80" class="mw-redirect" title="內觀">内观</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%88%E4%B8%80" title="守一">守一</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%98%E6%80%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="存思(页面不存在)">存思</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9F%E7%A9%80" title="辟穀">辟谷</a>等多种,具養生之效也被人归为<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%8A%9F" title="气功">气功</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="煉丹"><span id=".E7.85.89.E4.B8.B9"></span>煉丹</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节:煉丹"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E4%B8%B9%E6%9C%AF" title="内丹术">內丹術</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E4%B8%B9%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="外丹術">外丹術</a></div> <p>道士的自身修行成為道術,包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E4%B8%B9%E6%9C%AF" title="内丹术">內丹</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E4%B8%B9%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="外丹術">外丹</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%8D%E9%A3%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="服食">服食</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%BF%E4%B8%AD%E6%9C%AF" title="房中术">房中</a>等內容。 </p><p>內丹則是指通過行氣,導引,呼吸吐納,在身體裏煉丹以達到長生不老的目的。外丹和內丹的用語相同,但是所指代的含義完全不同,比如把人體比喻為燒煉丹丸的爐鼎,不過理論上還是具有相通性。古時煉丹術的傳授大多師徒相承,口口相授,外人很難瞭解。將人體的三丹田稱為「三元」是道教內丹術的說法[19]。「混沌分後,有天地水三元之氣,生成人倫,長養萬物。人亦法之,號為三焦、三丹田,以養身形,以生神氣[20]。」亦有認為「三元」指元精、元氣、元神。 </p><p>外丹是指燒煉丹砂<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="鉛">鉛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9E" title="汞">汞</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%A6%E7%89%A9" title="礦物">礦物</a>以及藥物,製作能夠使人長生不老的丹丸。現代科學認為這些丹藥大多有毒,古人也有很多服食不當致死的例子,外丹也被認為是現代<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="化學">化學</a>的先驅<sup id="cite_ref-道教文化_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-道教文化-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。另外,外丹術也可指煉金術或道家法術如符籙、雷法等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="道教仪式"><span id=".E9.81.93.E6.95.99.E4.BB.AA.E5.BC.8F"></span>道教仪式</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节:道教仪式"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>道教的仪式统称为“斋醮科仪”,斋是清洁的意思,醮是指祈祷,又称为<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%9C%BA" title="道场">道场</a>。道教祭祀<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E4%BB%99" title="神仙">神仙</a>,由于认为神仙清高洁静,因此祭祀前需要沐浴更衣,不<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%88%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="行房">行房</a>、不飲<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92" title="酒">酒</a>、不食<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%89" class="mw-disambig" title="肉">肉</a>,进行斋戒。进行祭祀活动称为“醮”,道教仪式在发展过程中吸取了许多佛教的内容(中國佛教仪式在发展过程中亦吸取了许多道教的内容)。道教认为通过这些仪式可以去灾求福。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A0%E5%8D%9C" title="占卜">占卜</a>也是仪式的一部分,包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9C%E5%8D%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="卜卦">卜卦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%BD%E7%B1%A4" title="抽籤">抽签</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AC%E5%AD%97" title="測字">测字</a>等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="信众教团"><span id=".E4.BF.A1.E4.BC.97.E6.95.99.E5.9B.A2"></span>信众教团</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节:信众教团"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%9C%9F%E9%81%93" title="全真道">全真教</a>北派自金代王重陽創始後即有出家制度延續至今。<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E4%B8%80%E9%81%93" title="正一道">正一派</a>的出家制度則先於全真教,並有多位歷代高道爲其代表人物,其中最著名者為成就天師的<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%AE%88%E5%9D%9A" title="萨守坚">薩守堅</a>。 </p><p>道教信徒称爲信士(未皈依者)、清信士、善男信女等,受三归五戒後称<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E5%A3%AB" title="居士">居士</a>,俗家弟子互相尊称师兄、师长、道友、道侣、同道、同参等。因与<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E4%BC%A0%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="汉传佛教">汉传佛教</a>长期互相影响,两教称谓相似或相同。 </p><p>出家者则称谓较多,一般尊称道长、仙长、道士、道姑(女性)、道人、道爷、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E4%BA%BA" title="真人">真人</a>(位列仙班者,义爲纯真无垢之仙人)、高道等,另有高真、高功、高士、大德、羽士、羽衣、羽人、羽客、黄冠(男性)、女冠(或女黄冠,女性)、乾道(男性)、坤道(女性)和道童(刚出家的年轻人)。根据全真、正一派别的不同,又有全真道士、正一道士的异称;全真斋醮道士称法师,正一斋醮道士称散居道士;有的道士娶有妻室,又称火居道士,俗称连家道;从事丧葬仪典者称乌头道士;全真还有炼师、嗣师(未受戒)、宗师(已受戒)、律师(方丈)、大师(司戒坛者)。 </p><p>道观内主持事务者称住持<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>或方丈,是以理事房间(办公室)爲方丈长宽得此名;方丈以下的总管称监院;接待信众、宾客者称知客。 </p><p>张陵及其後嗣称天师,全一派亦有道士自称天师的。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="法具"><span id=".E6.B3.95.E5.85.B7"></span>法具</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节:法具"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%99%A8" title="法器">法器</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99" title="香">香</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E7%AE%93" class="mw-redirect" title="符箓">符</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="音樂"><span id=".E9.9F.B3.E6.A8.82"></span>音樂</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节:音樂"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见:<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82" title="中國道教音樂">中國道教音樂</a></div> <p>道教音樂是道教文化的重要組成部分之一。道樂不僅與道教歷史同樣久遠而且秘而不傳,其旋律為古雅風格,為宗教與藝術的互相結合<sup id="cite_ref-道教音樂_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-道教音樂-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。道樂常見於廟宇日常早晚課誦經唱贊,各種齋醮法事、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%83" title="中元">中元</a>普渡、大型法會等宗教活動,或者信徒在各種喪葬、祭拜及日常禮神儀式上播放以求慰藉,也為道士、法師必備<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E5%84%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科儀(页面不存在)">科儀</a>經樂,亦常於廟宇、素食店、茶藝館、宗教藝品店日常播放,修道士平時也常用於靜坐冥想、修練氣功丹道、提昇心靈境界<sup id="cite_ref-道教音樂_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-道教音樂-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="宫观與活动"><span id=".E5.AE.AB.E8.A7.82.E8.88.87.E6.B4.BB.E5.8A.A8"></span>宫观與活动</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节:宫观與活动"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见:<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E5%85%A8%E5%9C%8B%E9%87%8D%E9%BB%9E%E5%AE%AE%E8%A7%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中華民國道教全國重點宮觀(页面不存在)">中華民國道教全國重點宮觀</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ZhinanTemple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/ZhinanTemple.jpg/250px-ZhinanTemple.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/ZhinanTemple.jpg/375px-ZhinanTemple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/ZhinanTemple.jpg/500px-ZhinanTemple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>在臺北市的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%AE" title="指南宮">指南宮</a></figcaption></figure> <p>道教的活动主要在<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%AB%E8%A7%82" title="宫观">宫观</a>内进行<sup id="cite_ref-宮觀_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-宮觀-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>道教的宗教建築泛稱為宮觀,是比較晚的事,至早也早不過唐。考其形成和演變的歷史,可以看到它們是適應道教組織產生和發展的需要,而產生和發展的。現在一般都認為,早期道教的宗教建築主要是靖(靜、靜室)和治,另有些道室名廬,治中亦可稱為館。所謂靖或靜,係奉道之家所設立的靜室,意在與家中其他之處隔離。「奉道之家,靖室是致誠之所。其外別絕,不連他屋。其中清虛,不雜餘物。開閉門戶,不妄觸突。灑握精肅,常若神居。唯置香爐、香燈、章案、書刀四物而已。」可見,它最初出現就是為區分聖與凡,道士與一般居民,奉道與俗事的界限而立<sup id="cite_ref-宮觀_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-宮觀-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>總之,宮觀是道教理念的體現,是道教特質的象徵。具有很強的標誌性,使人一望便可知它是道教特有的宗教場所,與其它宗教比如佛教、基督教有別<sup id="cite_ref-宮觀_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-宮觀-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>可以分为两种:<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%9F%E5%AE%87" class="mw-redirect" title="廟宇">廟宇</a>指供<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E9%96%93%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="民間信仰">民間信仰</a>的信眾<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%AD%E7%A5%80" title="祭祀">祭祀</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%9B%E5%A5%89" class="mw-disambig" title="供奉">供奉</a>和求庇佑的地方;<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E8%A7%80" class="mw-redirect" title="道觀">道觀</a>则指道教徒們修鍊、傳道和舉行各種<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%BB%AA%E5%BC%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="宗教仪式">宗教儀式</a>以及生活的場所,多位於名山大川附近以及大城市裡。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="主要節慶"><span id=".E4.B8.BB.E8.A6.81.E7.AF.80.E6.85.B6"></span>主要節慶</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节:主要節慶"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%85%83%E8%8A%82" title="三元节">三元节</a>是道教的大庆日子。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%85%83%E7%AF%80" class="mw-redirect" title="三元節">三元節</a>,就是「<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%98%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="三官大帝">三官大帝</a>」的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%95%E8%BE%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="誕辰">誕辰</a>,并以天官生日為上元节,为天官赐福之日,要舉行祈福法事;地官生日為中元节,为地官赦罪之日,要普渡孤魂;水官生日為下元节,为水官解厄之日,請神明為運勢不好的人消災解難。<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="唐代">唐代</a>三元节由皇帝下敕天下诸州禁屠三日。以<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%8E%86" class="mw-redirect" title="夏历">夏历</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E6%9C%88%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94" title="正月十五">正月十五</a>为<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%85%83%E8%8A%82" class="mw-redirect" title="上元节">上元节</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E6%9C%88%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94" title="七月十五">七月十五</a>为<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%83%E8%8A%82" class="mw-redirect" title="中元节">中元节</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E6%9C%88%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94" title="十月十五">十月十五</a>为<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E5%85%83%E8%8A%82" class="mw-redirect" title="下元节">下元节</a>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="台湾">台湾</a>以農曆新正年頭为道教节。<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1" title="新加坡">新加坡</a>等地以能農曆<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%9C%88%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94" title="二月十五">二月十五</a>(道祖诞生日)为道教节。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="各地發展"><span id=".E5.90.84.E5.9C.B0.E7.99.BC.E5.B1.95"></span>各地發展</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节:各地發展"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="漢字文化圈"><span id=".E6.BC.A2.E5.AD.97.E6.96.87.E5.8C.96.E5.9C.88"></span>漢字文化圈</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节:漢字文化圈"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>道教对<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88" title="漢字文化圈">漢字文化圈</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="政治">政治</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="经济">经济</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="哲学">哲学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="文学">文学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF" title="艺术">艺术</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90" title="音乐">音乐</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%98%E7%94%BB" title="绘画">绘画</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91" class="mw-redirect" title="建筑">建筑</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="医学">医学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%AF%E5%AD%A6" title="药学">药物学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%BB%E7%94%9F%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="养生学">养生学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%8A%9F" title="气功">气功</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="化学">化学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E8%A1%93" title="武術">武术</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="天文学">天文学</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="地理学">地理</a>都产生了不同程度的影响。此外,它对于東亞主要民族的思维方式、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="伦理学">伦理</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7" title="道德">道德</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E4%BF%97" title="風俗">民俗</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="民族关系(页面不存在)">民族关系</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="文化">文化</a>特色等各方面也有很深的影响。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="中國大陆"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E5.9C.8B.E5.A4.A7.E9.99.86"></span>中國大陆</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节:中國大陆"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>道教对<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="中华文化">中国文化</a>的方方面面都产生了不同程度的影响。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shi_Rui-Xuan_Yuan_Inquires_of_the_Dao.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Shi_Rui-Xuan_Yuan_Inquires_of_the_Dao.jpg/630px-Shi_Rui-Xuan_Yuan_Inquires_of_the_Dao.jpg" decoding="async" width="630" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Shi_Rui-Xuan_Yuan_Inquires_of_the_Dao.jpg/945px-Shi_Rui-Xuan_Yuan_Inquires_of_the_Dao.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Shi_Rui-Xuan_Yuan_Inquires_of_the_Dao.jpg/1260px-Shi_Rui-Xuan_Yuan_Inquires_of_the_Dao.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3350" data-file-height="702" /></a><figcaption>軒轅問道圖 - <a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="黃帝">黃帝</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%86%E5%B3%92%E5%B1%B1" title="崆峒山">崆峒山</a>問廣成子(國立故宮博物院)</figcaption></figure> <p>道教中一些宗派都师徒相传一些<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E8%A1%93" title="武術">武术</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%8A%9F" title="气功">气功</a>,例如武术中很出名的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%BD%93%E6%B4%BE" title="武当派">武当派</a>,据说就是<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%BD%93%E5%B1%B1" title="武当山">武当山</a>上的许多道士传承的武术。道教的武术也和许多武术不同,讲究圆柔、后发制人,充分体现了道教的教理。其中像<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E6%9E%81%E6%8B%B3" title="太极拳">太极拳</a>这样的武术套路,已经逐渐成为人们的日常健身活动。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E6%B0%94%E5%8A%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="道教气功(页面不存在)">道教气功</a>也是中国气功中的一大流派,全真道的修炼方法很多就是气功,对气功的探索和发展,其贡献很大。 </p><p>道教的养生术还继承和发展了中国传统医学《<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%B8%9D%E5%86%85%E7%BB%8F" title="黄帝内经">黄帝内经</a>》中经络学等方面内容。此外,许多道教徒研习医术,对于<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="中医学">中医学</a>发展颇有贡献,如<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%9B%E6%B4%AA" title="葛洪">葛洪</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E5%BC%98%E6%99%AF" title="陶弘景">陶弘景</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%99%E6%80%9D%E9%82%88" title="孙思邈">孙思邈</a>等人,于中医药皆有所建树。 </p><p>道教的<a href="/wiki/%E7%82%BC%E4%B8%B9" title="炼丹">炼丹术</a>对<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E8%8D%AF" title="火药">火药</a>的发明有着重要的影响。 </p><p>历史上很多重要的文化人物都是道教徒。晋代书圣<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E7%BE%B2%E4%B9%8B" title="王羲之">王羲之</a>一家笃信正一道。<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐代</a>的大诗人<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E7%99%BD" title="李白">李白</a>也是位虔诚的道教徒,曾经游历各地,求仙访道,甚至炼过丹、受过<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E7%AE%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="道箓(页面不存在)">道箓</a>。这段经历给他的个性、诗歌创作乃至一生的际遇都产生了很重要的影响。李白受召入<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%AE%89" title="长安">长安</a>,受到<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E7%8E%84%E5%AE%97" title="唐玄宗">唐玄宗</a>等许多的道士和信仰道教朋友的推荐。寻仙过程中,他游遍<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%B2%B3" title="五岳">五岳</a>,给他带来大量的素材。他的诗歌中也常常出现“仙人”、“羽化”等意念。<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%A4%AA%E5%AE%97" title="唐太宗">唐太宗</a>在老子的家鄉建了「<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%8A%E8%80%81%E5%90%9B" title="太上老君">太上老君</a>廟」;<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E9%AB%98%E5%AE%97" title="唐高宗">唐高宗</a>則尊老子為「太上玄元皇帝」,認為老子是李唐宗世的祖先。唐朝君主有自稱是老子的後代子孫,還遵奉老子為始祖,並且立祠祭祀,又對老子追封帝號,同時明定朝廷官員都要修習《<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7%E7%B6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="道德經">道德經</a>》,並且列《道德經》為當時<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E8%88%89" class="mw-redirect" title="科舉">科舉</a>考試的範圍<sup id="cite_ref-唐朝的道教_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-唐朝的道教-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Main_altar_before_Shangqing_Temple_on_Qingchengshan,_in_Chengdu,_Sichuan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Main_altar_before_Shangqing_Temple_on_Qingchengshan%2C_in_Chengdu%2C_Sichuan.jpg/220px-Main_altar_before_Shangqing_Temple_on_Qingchengshan%2C_in_Chengdu%2C_Sichuan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Main_altar_before_Shangqing_Temple_on_Qingchengshan%2C_in_Chengdu%2C_Sichuan.jpg/330px-Main_altar_before_Shangqing_Temple_on_Qingchengshan%2C_in_Chengdu%2C_Sichuan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Main_altar_before_Shangqing_Temple_on_Qingchengshan%2C_in_Chengdu%2C_Sichuan.jpg/440px-Main_altar_before_Shangqing_Temple_on_Qingchengshan%2C_in_Chengdu%2C_Sichuan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="646" /></a><figcaption>四川一所道場</figcaption></figure> <p>中国四大古典文学名著之一的《<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B8%B8%E8%AE%B0" title="西游记">西游记</a>》虽然讲述的是唐僧等四人去西天取经的故事,但全书中使用了大量道教专有的概念如心猿、意马、姹女、元神等,还构筑了一个以<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%89%E7%9A%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="玉皇大帝">玉皇大帝</a>为核心的道教神祇、神官系统。 </p><p>而完全以道教为核心的最著名小说则要数《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E4%B9%89" title="封神演义">封神演义</a>》了。书中讲述的商周战争,裏面提到與道教並立的兩個宗教<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%A1%E6%95%99_(%E5%B0%81%E7%A5%9E%E6%BC%94%E7%BE%A9)" class="mw-redirect" title="闡教 (封神演義)">闡教</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%AA%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="截教">截教</a>的誤斗。书中出现的各路仙神和法寶等,属于闡教截教道教系统。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shang_Xi-Four_Immortals_Salute_Longevity.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Shang_Xi-Four_Immortals_Salute_Longevity.jpg/220px-Shang_Xi-Four_Immortals_Salute_Longevity.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Shang_Xi-Four_Immortals_Salute_Longevity.jpg/330px-Shang_Xi-Four_Immortals_Salute_Longevity.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Shang_Xi-Four_Immortals_Salute_Longevity.jpg/440px-Shang_Xi-Four_Immortals_Salute_Longevity.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1582" data-file-height="1078" /></a><figcaption>道教四仙拱壽圖(明代早期)</figcaption></figure> <p>“天皇”在中國道教中,是表示<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%A5%B5%E6%98%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="北極星">北極星</a>的神祇。在唐朝时期,<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E9%AB%98%E5%AE%97" title="唐高宗">唐高宗</a>曾使用<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" title="天皇大帝">天皇大帝</a>称号,与天后<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%88%99%E5%A4%A9" title="武则天">武则天</a>并称二圣。高宗下旨令各地廣建修道觀,並且把自己的女兒送進道觀當女<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%A3%AB" title="道士">道士</a>。也就是說<a class="mw-selflink selflink">道教</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%A4%AA%E5%AE%97" title="唐太宗">唐太宗</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E9%AB%98%E5%AE%97" title="唐高宗">唐高宗</a>的強力推行,可說是已成為唐朝的國教<sup id="cite_ref-唐朝的道教_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-唐朝的道教-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="香港"><span id=".E9.A6.99.E6.B8.AF"></span>香港</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节:香港"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="香港道教">香港道教</a></div> <p>香港道教繼承了中國大陸道教的基本傳統,又發展出了與中國大陸道教不同的一些特點。<sup id="cite_ref-香港道教_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-香港道教-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>與中國大陸地區道教漫長的發展歷史相比較,香港道教的歷史並不悠久。由於地緣之便,香港地區眾多的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%95%E7%A5%96" class="mw-redirect" title="吕祖">呂祖</a>道堂、正一派的<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%83%E5%98%B8" title="喃嘸">喃嘸</a>道館和<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E5%A4%A9%E9%81%93" title="先天道">先天道</a>道堂是在清末至民國時期從廣東地區傳入的,其傳入並得到發展的時間亦至多只有百餘年。 </p><p>道教大約在南宋時傳到香港,但現代香港道教的主要源頭,是清末傳入的民間新興宗教。香港道教在20世紀下半葉崛起,是原民間新興宗教組織以傳統道教為取向實行聯合的結果。<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>由於清末以來中國內地政權的幾次轉易,以及戰禍、內亂和經濟破壞等原因,殖民統治下的香港成為廣東人避難的港灣,同時,亦給予從廣東傳入的道教羣體、扶乩信仰、經懺儀式和科儀經書獲得保存和發展的難得機會。不僅如此,香港道教團體不僅很好地將原有廣東地區的組織形式移植到了香港,還發展成為具有現代城市特色的道教組織。<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>在30餘家道堂的努力下,1961年,<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E6%9C%83" title="香港道教聯合會">香港道教聯合會</a>獲准為註冊社團,1967年又獲准註冊為有限公司(責任法團),豁免利得稅和利息稅,並特准免用「有限」字樣。香港道聯會的成立,提高了道教在香港的地位,加重了道教在香港社會的分量,香港道教進入了新的發展期。 </p><p>在香港道聯會的努力下,2001年至2010年香港道教界連續舉辦了十屆道教節。香港道堂多數是主奉<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%95%E7%A5%96" class="mw-redirect" title="吕祖">呂祖</a>,其次是主奉<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%80%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="觀音">觀音</a>。不過,<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E5%A4%A7%E4%BB%99_(%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9)" title="黃大仙 (香港地方)">黃大仙</a>是現在香港民眾最熟悉的道教神靈。香港道堂林立,其中<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%93%E7%8E%84%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2" title="圓玄學院">圓玄學院</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%93%AC%E7%80%9B%E4%BB%99%E9%A4%A8" title="蓬瀛仙館">蓬瀛仙館</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E6%9D%BE%E8%A7%80" title="青松觀">青松觀</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%97%87%E8%89%B2%E5%9C%92" title="嗇色園">嗇色園</a>知名度較高,有香港四大宮觀之稱<sup id="cite_ref-香港道教_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-香港道教-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>香港的道教團體不遺餘力地為文化教育事業、社會福利慈善的發展貢獻力量,興辦了多處學校、診所、敬老院等。<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="臺灣"><span id=".E8.87.BA.E7.81.A3"></span>臺灣</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节:臺灣"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="臺灣道教">臺灣道教</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3" title="臺灣">臺灣</a>道教基本上隨著早期的<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="漢人">漢人</a>移民而來到臺灣<sup id="cite_ref-中華民國道教會_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-中華民國道教會-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,從<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%B8%85%E6%B2%BB%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="臺灣清治時期">清朝</a>就一直享有高度<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1" title="宗教自由">宗教自由</a>的民間社會,經過<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%97%A5%E6%B2%BB%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="臺灣日治時期">日治時期</a>統治仍蓬勃發展。日治前期,日本政府施行「舊慣溫存」政策,即尊重台灣舊慣,不干涉傳統宗教。日治後期,由於採<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E6%B0%91%E5%8C%96%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="皇民化運動">皇民化</a>政策,企圖改變台灣人民思想,日治時代的台灣,道廟非常之多,且有民間教團在守護與維護人民安全<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,但道廟中的民團會抵制日本政府,所以採皇民化政策大力強制道教改採佛教信仰,此舉導致台灣現今佛道不分,但是道教仍呈熱烈的蓬勃發展風貌遍佈全台。戰後,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%9C%81%E6%88%92%E5%9A%B4%E4%BB%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣省戒嚴令">戒嚴</a>的年代,<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="國民政府">國民政府</a>禁止集會遊行,因此民間只能以「慶祝國慶」、「慶祝總統、副總統就職X週年」等名目向政府機關申請,才得以順利舉辦<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%9F%E6%9C%83" title="廟會">廟會</a>。以道教法師來說台灣早期山線都是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%85%E9%A0%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="紅頭(页面不存在)">紅頭</a>,海線才是道士,台灣清代已有福建道教<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%AD%E5%B1%B1%E6%B4%BE" title="閭山派">閭山派</a>,與南部靈寶派與正一派等,民國60年代成立中華民國道教會與道教太一宗,台灣道教產生變化,不過百姓雖不知道教體系,百姓的心中一直都是主要<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%A3%AB" title="道士">道士</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B8%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="法師">法師</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E9%86%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="建醮">建醮</a>等觀念與習俗更是深植民心。雖然<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%91%E5%84%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="科儀(页面不存在)">科儀</a>與中國其他地方不盡相同,道教的傳承一直在台灣發展著。 </p><p>民國肇建以後,道教各派領袖倡議成立道教會,因國內軍閥割據,並未實質統合而不果,民國二十五年道教先賢<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E6%94%96%E5%AF%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="陳攖寧">圓頓子</a>等人發起成立中華道教會,旋因<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%8A%97%E6%97%A5%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="中國抗日戰爭">抗戰</a>軍興而中寢,民國三十六年嗣漢六十三代天師<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E6%81%A9%E6%BA%A5" title="張恩溥">張恩溥</a>重組不果,迨至張恩溥天師在台灣於民國四十年結合道中名人趙家焯、蕭天石、馬璧、高越天、蔣肇周、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E7%8E%89%E9%9A%8E" title="李玉階">李玉階</a>等人成立台灣省道教會,對外代表道教會,嗣後鑑於道教事務日益繁冗,乃於民國五十五年二月十三日在台北成立全國性道教會,名稱訂為<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="中華民國道教會">中華民國道教會</a>,並公推六十三代天師張恩溥為首屆理事長,迄今已至第十一屆。道教現為台灣重要宗教。中華民國內政部於2000年1月28日宣佈訂<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%9B%86" title="農曆">農曆</a>1月1日為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E7%AF%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="道教節(页面不存在)">道教節</a>,是台灣諸多宗教中以宗教為名稱節並訂於法律中之唯一宗教,也是現代道教史上的大事<sup id="cite_ref-中華民國道教會_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-中華民國道教會-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="日本本土"><span id=".E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC.E6.9C.AC.E5.9C.9F"></span>日本本土</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节:日本本土"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="日本道教">日本道教</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>是中國隔海相望的鄰國,其古代文明起步較晚,但由於受到以中國為代表的大陸文化的影響,發展速度很快。在古代中日交往和文化交流中,道教亦曾起過重要作用,道教也將庚申信仰等系列道教文化傳到日本,使得尊崇天皇的信仰體制也是依據諸多道教元素建構<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seiten-kyu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Seiten-kyu.jpg/220px-Seiten-kyu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Seiten-kyu.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption>日本<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BC%E7%8E%89%E7%B8%A3" title="埼玉縣">埼玉縣</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%82%E6%88%B6%E5%B8%82" title="坂戶市">坂戶市</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%A4%A9%E5%AE%AE" title="聖天宮">聖天宮</a></figcaption></figure> <p>中國道教是否傳入日本,日本學術界亦有兩種相反的意見。一種是認為日本古代政府拒絕道教的傳入,淡海三船的《唐大和尚東征傳》及《古事類苑》和《群書類聚》中都有明記<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>。另一種意見認為,「道教作為宗教,其教典、道士、道觀等成體系的組織形態,並沒有傳來日本,關於這一點,目前確實無史料可證。但是道教作為思想給日本以影響,可以說已是難以否定的事實」<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。道教在日本的傳播,根本沒有帶有建立<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E8%A7%80" class="mw-redirect" title="道觀">道觀</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%A3%AB" title="道士">道士</a>佈教等形式的教團道教傳到日本來。但是,早在公元前2世紀前後,道家思想藉由<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="漢字">漢字</a>從<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88" title="漢字文化圈">漢字文化圈</a>的朝鮮半島傳播到了日本。 </p><p>到公元5世紀前後的<a href="/wiki/%E6%87%89%E7%A5%9E%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" class="mw-redirect" title="應神天皇">應神天皇</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%81%E5%BE%B7%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="仁德天皇">仁德天皇</a>年間,又有大量<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A1%E4%BE%86%E4%BA%BA" title="渡來人">渡來人</a>來自以半島為中心的那些地區和中國的長江三角洲地區,他們帶來大陸文化<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E8%89%AF%E5%8E%BF" title="奈良县">奈良</a>、平安朝時代,日本用類似民間習俗的『托盤』,從來自<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮半島">朝鮮半島</a>或中國大陸的歸化人以及隨<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%A3%E9%9A%8B%E4%BD%BF" title="遣隋使">遣隋使</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%A3%E5%94%90%E4%BD%BF" title="遣唐使">遣唐使</a>去中國的留學生和留學僧帶回來的道德經典中,接受了漢字成語或知識,部分地接受了唐宋時期盛行的道教信仰,形成了一種道教形態,而江戶時代的道教形態與此不同,到了<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="江戶時代">江戶時代</a>,日本接受的是<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AA%E5%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="禪宗">禪宗</a>僧侶們帶來的、<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="明代">明代</a>盛行的『<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%84%E6%9B%B8" title="善書">善書</a>』等民眾道教。這些『善書』類是從日本人群眾性的國民道德意識之『托盤』較多的地方開始接受的,其中也有<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%95%E5%BA%9C" title="幕府">幕府</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D_(%E7%A8%B1%E8%AC%82)" class="mw-redirect" title="大名 (稱謂)">大名</a>的支持。由於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="印刷術">印刷術</a>的發達,這些『善書』不斷出版發行,一般民眾也容易看到。因此,對日本一般社會的影響也與以往不同<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>而早在大約在七世紀,道教神仙長生思想和方術即已傳往日本。日本留學生曾在中國學習道教方技,並把道教經典帶回日本。從平安時代起,道教<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%88%E5%BA%9A%E7%94%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="守庚申">守庚申</a>的信仰在日本頗為流行<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。《古事記》、《日本書紀》亦有記載的古代道教思想,日本最早史書中主要闡述「觀」和「天皇」幾個術語。<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E9%B3%A5%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="飛鳥時代">飛鳥時代</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%AD%A6%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="天武天皇">天武天皇</a>因喜歡道教而使用天皇作為君主的尊號。日本的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E9%A9%97%E9%81%93" title="修驗道">修验道</a>入山修行前念的真言(臨兵鬥者皆陣列在前)与<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%B1%E6%9C%B4%E5%AD%90" title="抱朴子">抱朴子</a>中内篇第四登涉篇的(臨兵鬥者皆陣列前行)幾乎一样<sup id="cite_ref-明倫_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-明倫-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="琉球"><span id=".E7.90.89.E7.90.83"></span>琉球</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节:琉球"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="琉球人">琉球人</a>的文化受中国和日本本土的影响较大。从宗教上看,<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83" title="琉球">琉球</a>人中既有信奉佛教和<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E7%A5%9E%E9%81%93" title="琉球神道">琉球神道</a>的,也有不少道教的信徒<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。不少道教神祇如<a href="/wiki/%E5%AA%BD%E7%A5%96" title="媽祖">媽祖</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E5%85%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="關公">關公</a>等在琉球都有不少信眾,並被琉球神道吸收。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="韓國"><span id=".E9.9F.93.E5.9C.8B"></span>韓國</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节:韓國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="朝鮮道教">朝鮮道教</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_king_of_Joseon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_king_of_Joseon.svg/220px-Flag_of_the_king_of_Joseon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_king_of_Joseon.svg/330px-Flag_of_the_king_of_Joseon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flag_of_the_king_of_Joseon.svg/440px-Flag_of_the_king_of_Joseon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="706" data-file-height="519" /></a><figcaption>1800年朝鮮國旗的太極</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_South_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/220px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/330px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/440px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>目前的韓國國旗</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="朝鮮">朝鮮</a>道教於7世紀在朝鮮半島出現。在624年(唐朝<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%BE%B7" title="武德">武德</a>七年)高句麗<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%A3%E7%95%99%E7%8E%8B" title="荣留王">榮留王</a>曾請奏唐高祖希望傳授道教教義。唐高祖<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B7%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="李淵">李淵</a>於<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%BE%B7" title="武德">武德</a>七年,遺前刑部尚書<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%88%E5%8F%94%E5%AE%89" title="沈叔安">沈叔安</a>往冊建武為<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%9F%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="上柱國">上柱國</a>遼東郡王高麗王,仍將<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%B0%8A" title="天尊">天尊</a>像及道士往彼,為之講老子,其王及道俗等觀聽者數千人<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>。翌年,高句麗<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%A3%E7%95%99%E7%8E%8B" title="荣留王">榮留王</a>又遣人人唐學佛老之法<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>但是此時期道教在朝鮮半島尚未形成教團<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>,王室為中心的人們主要把它視為保護國家的宗教,在民間老百姓把道教視同民間信仰結合起來,被融进民间信仰或其他宗教<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>中而逐渐沒落無所知,且人們並不認為民間信仰的道教是一種外來宗教<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。道教從中國傳入朝鮮以前,朝鮮就存在<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E4%BB%99" title="神仙">神仙</a>思想、山嶽信仰、靈星信仰、地方習俗性民間信仰、咒術、天文、占星術、讖緯預言術等,認為這些宗教文化形態與中國的道教具有同一性或類似性<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>;朝鮮不存在像中國道教那樣的完整的道教形態;不可把朝鮮文化中道教文化要素當作一種外來文化看待,強調要從主體性的立場上研究朝鮮文化中的道教性質。但不管如何,已有史料可證明道教在古代朝鮮的傳播及其影響<sup id="cite_ref-朝鮮_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朝鮮-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>90年代以後,<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%93%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="韓國">韓國</a>開始出現了道教教團組織<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>,並與<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A" title="中国道教协会">中國道教協會</a>建立了聯繫<sup id="cite_ref-朝鮮_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朝鮮-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="越南"><span id=".E8.B6.8A.E5.8D.97"></span>越南</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=29" title="编辑章节:越南"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="越南道教">越南道教</a></div> <p>道教最早在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%99%89" class="mw-redirect" title="東晉">東晉</a>末年傳入越南,<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%96%97%E7%B1%B3%E9%81%93" title="五斗米道">五斗米道</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%AB%E6%81%A9" title="孫恩">孫恩</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E5%8D%97" title="江南">江南</a>發動起義失敗後,其妹夫<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E5%BE%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="盧循">盧循</a>率部逃至<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E5%B7%9E" title="交州">交州</a>。而越南人李脫幫助盧循進攻交州府城,失敗後赴水自盡。吳朝以後,越南在五百年中,又先後建立過丁朝、前黎、李朝、陳朝、胡朝和後陳等朝代。在此期間,中國和越南的政治、經濟和文化的交往十分密切,此時道教隨著移民而傳入<sup id="cite_ref-越南的道教_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-越南的道教-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%94ng_T%C3%A1o_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/%C3%94ng_T%C3%A1o_2.jpg/220px-%C3%94ng_T%C3%A1o_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/%C3%94ng_T%C3%A1o_2.jpg/330px-%C3%94ng_T%C3%A1o_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/%C3%94ng_T%C3%A1o_2.jpg/440px-%C3%94ng_T%C3%A1o_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>越南金靴祭品</figcaption></figure> <p>丁朝先皇太平二年(中國北宋開寶四年,971年)曾經給佛道二教的領袖頒授官階品級,「道士鄧玄光授崇真威儀」<sup id="cite_ref-大越史記全書_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-大越史記全書-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。傳稱丁先皇在一次起兵時,還到今寧平省的「天尊洞」道觀,禮拜神明。後平定天下,遂改「天尊洞」為「安國祠」。<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E6%A1%93" title="黎桓">黎朝大行皇帝</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%88%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="興統">興統</a>四年(中國北宋淳化三年,992年),曾經「宣華山道士陳先生詣闕」<sup id="cite_ref-大越史記全書_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-大越史記全書-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。陳先生當指<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E6%91%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="陳摶">陳摶</a>。但是根據中國的史書,陳摶似乎並未到過越南。越南史書的記載至少說明,陳摶盛名遍傳天下,黎朝大行皇帝欲召而不得。李朝崇信三教,李太祖在位時,就興建道教宮觀太清宮,詔度道士。太祖之子李太宗登基時,道士陳慧龍還為其造「天命」,得寵信,獲賜御衣。李神宗天彰寶嗣三年(中國南宋紹興五年,1135年),神宗曾經赴五嶽觀,「慶成金銀三尊像」,據稱這是越南史書上有關越南道觀造三清神像的首次記載<sup id="cite_ref-越南的道教_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-越南的道教-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>越南廣泛流傳對<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%9D" title="玄天上帝">真武帝君</a>的信仰。真武帝君,即玄天上帝<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>。玄天上帝,受到宋、元、明等歷代王朝的封誥。越南的北部和中部有許多奉祀真武大帝的宮觀和神祠。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%85%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="河內">河內</a>市區北部的西湖風景區就有真武觀。真武觀,又稱鎮武觀,也稱龜聖祠<sup id="cite_ref-越南的道教_54-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-越南的道教-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>16世紀以後,越南的南方逐漸被開發。<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E9%BB%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="后黎">後黎</a>阮氏政權充分利用了許多為逃避滿清統治而到達的前明朝官員以及民眾,獎勵開墾養殖。以後,不斷有來自<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="福建">福建</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E6%9D%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="廣東">廣東</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E8%A5%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="廣西">廣西</a>等地的華僑移居越南南方。在<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%BF%97%E6%98%8E%E5%B8%82" title="胡志明市">胡志明市</a>等西南部的華人聚居區與華人聚居的主要城市,一些華人的會館和道教宮觀仍然在繼續活動。由廣東廣州來的華人修建的穗城會館,創建於道光八年(1828年)以前。會館有正殿供奉<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%90%8E%E8%81%96%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="天后聖母">天后聖母</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BE%8D%E6%AF%8D%E5%A8%98%E5%A8%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="龍母娘娘(页面不存在)">龍母娘娘</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E8%8A%B1%E5%A8%98%E5%A8%98" title="金花娘娘">金花娘娘</a>,偏殿供<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="關帝">關帝</a>等。由於穗城會館供奉的主要是女神,所以被越南民眾稱為「女廟」<sup id="cite_ref-越南的道教_54-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-越南的道教-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>由廣東<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="潮州">潮州</a>來的華人修建的義安會館,創建於1902年(光緒二十八年)以前。會館有正殿供奉<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%9C%E8%81%96%E5%B8%9D%E5%90%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="關聖帝君">關聖帝君</a>,同時奉祀<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E5%85%AC" title="土地公">福德老爺</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%98%8C%E5%B8%9D%E5%90%9B" title="文昌帝君">文昌帝君</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A1%E5%B8%9B%E6%98%9F%E5%90%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="財帛星君">財帛星君</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%90%8E%E8%81%96%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="天后聖母">天后聖母</a>等。由於義安會館供奉的主要是男神,所以被越南民眾稱為「男廟」<sup id="cite_ref-越南的道教_54-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-越南的道教-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>道教亦影響當地原生宗教-<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="母道教">母道教</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8F%B0%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="高台教">高台教</a><sup id="cite_ref-越南的道教_54-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-越南的道教-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="東南亞"><span id=".E6.9D.B1.E5.8D.97.E4.BA.9E"></span>東南亞</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=30" title="编辑章节:東南亞"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="新加坡"><span id=".E6.96.B0.E5.8A.A0.E5.9D.A1"></span>新加坡</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=31" title="编辑章节:新加坡"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="新加坡道教">新加坡道教</a></div> <p>创建于1821年(一说初建于1796年)的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E9%A1%BA%E5%A4%A9%E5%AE%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新加坡顺天宫(页面不存在)">顺天宫</a>是新加坡最早的道教庙宇,位于<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%BD%E7%AC%BC" title="芽笼">芽笼</a>巷内。自1920年代后,中国南方省籍的正一派道士陆续到新加坡,设立道坛与从事科仪活动。经过几十年的发展,现在新加坡的正一派道士有福建帮(闽南帮)、福州帮、兴化帮、广东帮、客家帮和海南帮,其中以闽南帮的人数最多,影响最大。新加坡的正一派道士也于1979年成立了「三清道教会」。 1990年三月,由三清道教会与其他27间道教宫庙团体联合发起组成了「新加坡道教总会」。又邀请中国道教协会副会长<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E4%BF%A1%E9%98%B3" title="黄信阳">黄信阳</a>道长等<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%9C%9F%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="全真派">全真派</a>道士多次前往新加坡开办道士培训班、主持法事。同时还同中国大陆的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E4%B8%80%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="正一派">正一派</a>道观以及港台的道教团体开展广泛的联系与合作。新加坡道教协会成立于1996年,该会于每年<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E5%8E%86" class="mw-redirect" title="农历">农历</a>二月十五日举行的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E8%8A%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="道教节(页面不存在)">道教节</a>。1996年开始,道教徒即积极参与由新加坡共和国九大宗教所组成的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%81%94%E8%B0%8A%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新加坡宗教联谊理事会(页面不存在)">新加坡宗教联谊理事会</a>的祈福和祷告会及其他活动。二十一世纪初,修建起富丽堂皇的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B8%85%E5%AE%AE" class="mw-disambig" title="三清宮">三清宫</a>,主殿供奉道祖<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B8%85" title="三清">三清</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E6%AD%A6%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="真武大帝">真武大帝</a>、正一天师,左殿供奉全真道<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%95%E6%B4%9E%E5%AE%BE" title="吕洞宾">吕洞宾</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E9%87%8D%E9%98%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="王重阳">王重阳</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%98%E5%A4%84%E6%9C%BA" title="丘处机">丘处机</a>三位祖师,右殿供奉<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E5%9C%A3%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="孔圣人">孔圣人</a>,体现全真道“三教合一”的宗旨。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新加坡道教学院(页面不存在)">新加坡道教学院</a>,和三清道教图书馆,在2008年在底在三清宫正式成立。道教学院为新加坡培养年轻的、有宗教情操、有文化涵养、能够执行道教科仪的道教工作人员。 <sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="马来西亚"><span id=".E9.A9.AC.E6.9D.A5.E8.A5.BF.E4.BA.9A"></span>马来西亚</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=32" title="编辑章节:马来西亚"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>正宗的马来西亚道教尚处于发展的阶段,于2006年方才加入<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E4%BA%94%E5%A4%A7%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%B0%98%E8%AF%A2%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BC%9A" title="马来西亚五大宗教谘询理事会">宗教谘询理事会</a>,成为受官方认可的宗教,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-taoismmalaysia_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taoismmalaysia-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>一般华人民众未必能够分辨正宗道教、华人民间信仰、算命和风水术数的不同。<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>为推广正宗的道教信仰,<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E6%80%BB%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马来西亚道教总会(页面不存在)">马来西亚道教总会</a>将农历二月十五(太上老君诞)订为“道教节”,助信徒前往<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中国</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%99%E8%99%8E%E5%B1%B1" title="龙虎山">龙虎山</a>归宗、传度<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%9D_(%E9%81%93%E6%95%99)" title="三宝 (道教)">三宝</a>和受箓,并且举办讲座会、交流会、道教文化培训班、归宗传度法会、诵经班、国庆日祈愿大会等活动。<sup id="cite_ref-taoismmalaysia_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taoismmalaysia-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>主要的全国道教组织有马来西亚道教总会、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="馬來西亞道教協會(页面不存在)">馬來西亞道教協會</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E9%9D%92%E5%B9%B4%E5%9B%A2%E6%80%BB%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="道教青年团总会(页面不存在)">道教青年团总会</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E4%B8%89%E6%B8%85%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马来西亚三清道教会(页面不存在)">马来西亚三清道教会</a>等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="其他地區"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E5.9C.B0.E5.8D.80"></span>其他地區</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=33" title="编辑章节:其他地區"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>早在唐代,<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%84%E5%A5%98%E6%B3%95%E5%B8%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="玄奘法師">玄奘法師</a>就將《道德經》翻譯為<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="梵文">梵文</a>傳播至天竺(印度)。 </p><p>16世纪,《道德經》被歐洲人译成西方文字,17世纪以后,借助西方的商船往返,顺着西方<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E6%95%99%E5%A3%AB" title="传教士">传教士</a>的足迹,《道德经》逐步由中国传入<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a>,西方人把《道德经》翻译成了<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁文">拉丁文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="法文">法文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="德語">德文</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="英文">英文</a>等语言,老子思想逐渐传遍欧洲大陆。据说<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a>哲学家<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%BC%E5%85%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="莱布尼兹">莱布尼兹</a>最初正是根据<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E7%BE%B2" title="伏羲">伏羲</a>、黄老的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B4%E9%98%B3" title="阴阳">阴阳</a>学说提出了<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6" title="二进制">二进制</a>思想,并给太极阴阳八卦起了一个西洋名字“辩证法”,当然,这种说法并没有得到有效证实。几百年来,《道德经》的西文译本总数近500种,涉及17种欧洲文字,在译成外国文字的世界文化名著发行量上,《圣经》排第一,《道德经》排在第二<sup id="cite_ref-西方流行_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-西方流行-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>道教在西方很多地区得到了发展。<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AD%89#可疑来源" title="Wikipedia:可供查證"><span title="自2019年5月此處原本引用360doc為來源,為不可靠來源,可從歷史紀錄找到原來源">需要較佳来源</span></a>]</sup>如1995年12月,英国道教协会正式在伦敦成立。这是欧洲最早成立的道教组织。1999年以来,中国道士田诚阳道长,應西班牙<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="马德里自治大学">馬德里自治大學</a>和巴塞羅那太極中心邀請,經國家宗教局和中國道教協會批准,赴<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a>讲学传道,教授当地信众。2001年5月联合当地弟子创立道教协会,同年的<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AC%E8%87%B3" title="冬至">冬至</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a>第一座道观清静宫落成,得到西班牙政府正式确认,在西班牙取得与<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="天主教">天主教</a>平等的合法地位。这是道教传入欧洲大陆的一个里程碑。当前欧洲地区的道教信徒在不断增加中。<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>在美国,<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%88%A9%E6%A1%91%E9%82%A3%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="亚利桑那州">亚利桑那州</a>有一座中孚道观,<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6" title="纽约">纽约</a>有天后宫,<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A7%E9%87%91%E5%B1%B1" title="旧金山">旧金山</a>市有紫根阁,<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%A8%81%E5%A4%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="夏威夷">夏威夷</a>有太玄道观。2007年,美国道教访问团一行在中美文化促进会会长曾永祥先生的带领下,对道教圣地<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%BD%93%E5%B1%B1" title="武当山">武当山</a>进行了参观、访问。美国道教协会拟筹捐2000万美元,在美国<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E5%9F%BA%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" class="mw-redirect" title="洛基山脉">洛基山脉</a>按1:1的比例修建武当山紫霄宫道观。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="与佛敎之間的关系"><span id=".E4.B8.8E.E4.BD.9B.E6.95.8E.E4.B9.8B.E9.96.93.E7.9A.84.E5.85.B3.E7.B3.BB"></span>与佛敎之間的关系</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=34" title="编辑章节:与佛敎之間的关系"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>道教和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛敎</a>作为中国的主要宗教,两者在相互競爭中又互相吸收,使其更适用中国本土文化的需要。佛教傳入中國后,查清<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E6%95%99" title="儒教">儒教</a>及道教的思想、仪轨、祭祀等,使之变为适合中国的宗教,现今中国的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="大乘佛教">大乘佛教</a>的小部分科仪,可以说就是道教的一种翻版。而且道教的许多经文是參考佛教经文编写,许多仪式也參考了佛教如早晚课,施食素食等。虽然中国古代也有吃素的人,但未有大力提倡者,而是到了<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%81%E6%AD%A6%E5%B8%9D" title="梁武帝">梁武帝</a>时才流传全国。對佛教的學習,最明顯的是全真教的出家制度与全真三壇大戒。如道教的萨祖焰口是明清时期的道士模仿元代喇嘛翻译的瑜伽<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%B0%E5%8F%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="焰口">焰口</a>编写,也可以说道教的焰口是佛教的翻版,不然民间就不会说道无焰口,佛无拜<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%97%E5%A7%86" class="mw-redirect" title="斗姆">斗</a>。 </p><p>道教現有的大部份教義都是來自於佛敎的,如<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AE%E5%9B%9E_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="轮回 (佛教)">輪迴論</a><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、對<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9_(%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99)" title="天 (佛教)">天庭</a>層次的劃分<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、對於部份神靈(如<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%AA%E5%90%92" title="哪吒">中壇元帥</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%BB%E7%BE%85%E7%8E%8B" title="閻羅王">閻羅王</a>)的信仰和關於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%AB_(%E6%99%82%E9%96%93)" title="劫 (時間)">劫波</a>的理論。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="老子化胡说"><span id=".E8.80.81.E5.AD.90.E5.8C.96.E8.83.A1.E8.AF.B4"></span>老子化胡说</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=35" title="编辑章节:老子化胡说"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90%E5%8C%96%E8%83%A1" title="老子化胡">老子化胡</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90%E5%85%AB%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E5%8C%96" title="老子八十一化">老子八十一化</a></div><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%A1%93%E5%B8%9D" title="汉桓帝">汉桓帝</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%B6%E7%86%B9" title="延熹">延熹</a>九年(166年)<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%84%E6%A5%B7" title="襄楷">襄楷</a>所上奏章中有“或言老子出关入夷狄为<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AE%E5%B1%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="浮屠">浮屠</a>”的说法。到了<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%99%8B" title="西晋">西晋帝國</a>統治时期,佛道兩教互相争锋,<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%B8%88%E9%81%93" title="天师道">天师道</a>祭酒王浮編造《<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90%E5%8C%96%E8%83%A1%E7%B6%93" title="老子化胡經">老子化胡经</a>》正式向佛教提出挑战,後来沙门<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9B%E9%81%A0" title="帛遠">帛远</a>被杀没有及时争论,一提出老子化胡,佛、道历代就辩论不断。 </p><p>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%BB%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="太平经">太平经</a>》提到“老子往西越八十年”。《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97" title="三國志">三国志</a>·魏书》提到“浮屠所载,与中国老子经相出入,盖以<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%AD%90" title="老子">老聃</a>西出关,过<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F" title="西域">西域</a>,至<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%AB%BA" title="天竺">天竺</a>教胡,及<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AE%E5%B1%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="浮屠">浮屠</a>弟子合二十有九。”歷史上最為知名是堅信老子化胡並大力推廣之代表教派以唐朝國師為首之<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%BC%E8%A7%82%E9%81%93" title="楼观道">樓觀道</a>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐朝</a>時期,佛道兩教矛盾最為激烈。及至<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%9C%9D" title="元朝">元朝</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%9C%9F%E9%81%93" title="全真道">全真道</a>又舊事重提以抨擊佛敎,跟西域僧侶辯論,但後來 信奉<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="北傳佛教">北傳佛教</a>的大元帝國皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%BD%E5%BF%85%E7%83%88" title="忽必烈">忽必烈</a>在佛敎於關於《老子化胡經》的一次佛道論戰中大勝後下令把《老子化胡經》連同刻版一起焚毀。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="宗教間的比較"><span id=".E5.AE.97.E6.95.99.E9.96.93.E7.9A.84.E6.AF.94.E8.BC.83"></span>宗教間的比較</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=36" title="编辑章节:宗教間的比較"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="一神教"><span id=".E4.B8.80.E7.A5.9E.E6.95.99"></span>一神教</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=37" title="编辑章节:一神教"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ReligionSymbol.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="世界主要宗教象徵標誌"><img alt="世界主要宗教象徵標誌" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/ReligionSymbol.svg/180px-ReligionSymbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/ReligionSymbol.svg/270px-ReligionSymbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/ReligionSymbol.svg/360px-ReligionSymbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="605" data-file-height="631" /></a><figcaption>世界主要宗教象徵標誌</figcaption></figure> <p>道教區別於一神教的最主要一點在於<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%9E%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="多神信仰">多神信仰</a><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>,相信万物有灵,甚至人体的各种器官都有神灵;且認為道是世界本源,而不承認有全知全能的唯一的造世主。 </p><p>道教的理想世界亦不同於亞伯拉罕一神教的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%9C%8B" title="天國">天國</a><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span><sup id="cite_ref-西方宗教不同_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-西方宗教不同-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。道教的理想世界有两种,一种是世俗的,一种是宗教的。 </p><p>道教的理想世界是希望世界成为一个公平、和平的世界,没有灾祸、没有战争;基督教認為人生來就遺傳了最初<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E7%BD%AA" title="原罪">原罪</a>,人生下來就要慢慢去試煉及經歷好與壞,又认为「人生充满豐盛,通過神給與的種種考驗去改造生命,從而以生命影響生命,讓更多人回到創造主裡」;道教却不認同原罪之說,認為人的命運可以自己把握,壽命可以改變、延長,《<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%87%E7%B6%93" class="mw-redirect" title="西升經">西升经</a>》云“我命在我不在天”,或曰「命不可改,但可改運」,同時也认为生活在世界上是一件刻苦的事情,死亡也是痛苦的,因而著重今世,將改運發揮到世俗則是延壽增福,發揮到出世間則是羽化登仙,追求的是“长生久视”<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、长生不死,也因此有许多养生的方法,例如<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E5%8A%9F" title="气功">气功</a>等在道教得到了发扬。<sup id="cite_ref-不同_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-不同-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>宗教性的理想世界则是“<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%99%E5%A2%83" class="mw-disambig" title="仙境">仙境</a>”<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,道教追求得道成仙,这样就能超脱生死,在仙境中过仙人的生活。不同于其它宗教的是,道教并不认为人死后才能到达仙境,而是认为人的形体通过一些形式的锻炼可以长生不死,成仙以后也可以一样生活在普通人的世界里,作“活神仙”,也可以到仙境中去生活。但是由于达到成仙的境界非常不容易,因此后来才出现了“<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%8D%E8%A7%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="屍解">屍解</a>”等方式<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。部分風景秀麗的地方由於適合修煉而被譽為<b>人間仙境</b>,例如所谓的“<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9E%E5%A4%A9%E7%A6%8F%E5%9C%B0" title="洞天福地">洞天福地</a>”就是其中一些代表性的地方。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="佛教"><span id=".E4.BD.9B.E6.95.99"></span>佛教</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=38" title="编辑章节:佛教"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>道教的理想世界也不尽同于佛教的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%85%E6%A7%83" title="涅槃">涅槃</a>。佛教認為人生是苦;道教則是通過修煉達到不死,長生不老脫離對死亡的恐懼。而道教和佛教和的最主要的區別就是對待生和死的態度。道教傳遞信眾,人應該要怎麼走在現在人生之路上;通過修煉達到不死,長生不老。佛教追求的目標是「<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%85%E6%A7%83" title="涅槃">涅槃</a>」,才能脫離生死輪迴。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="一貫道"><span id=".E4.B8.80.E8.B2.AB.E9.81.93"></span>一貫道</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=39" title="编辑章节:一貫道"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E8%B2%AB%E9%81%93" title="一貫道">一貫道</a>名稱有包含了「道」並以宣扬<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E6%95%99_(%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99)" class="mw-redirect" title="儒教 (宗教)">儒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">釋</a>、道、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">耶</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯蘭教">回</a>五教合一的教義結合。中心思想以「理天法」取代道教的「氣天法」,且不再煉丹,完全趨向儒教化<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。一貫道的中心主神是<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%98%8E%E4%B8%8A%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="明明上帝">明明上帝</a>,宣教場地稱為「佛堂」,因此本質上與正統道教有很大不同<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。如今一貫道在臺灣仍是合法宗教,但在中國大陸已經被取締。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注釋"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8B"></span>注釋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=40" title="编辑章节:注釋"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《後漢書.劉焉傳》及《三國志.魏書張魯傳》,均有載述張氏事蹪,二者文字相近。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">「不知一些『影響論』者是孤陋寡聞呢,還是故意無視?」<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《三國遺事》卷三載:「麗季武德貞觀間,國人爭奉<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%96%97%E7%B1%B3%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="五斗米教">五斗米教</a>。唐高祖聞之,遣道士,送天尊像,講《道德經》,王與國人聽之。即第二十代榮留王即位七年,武德七年甲申也」<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">此為日本著名的道教學者窪德忠教授的說法</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">如<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="天道教">天道教</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">此為當代韓國學者說法</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">例如韓國位於蔚山市的道教全真仙壇壽星宮,位於漢城的韓國仙道協會</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">於中國的宋代時期開始在越南流行。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">但講求“道通为一”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">指世界主要的三個一神教─<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯蘭教">伊斯蘭教</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="猶太教">猶太教</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=41" title="编辑章节:参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="引用"><span id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8"></span>引用</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=42" title="编辑章节:引用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Yin, Binyong. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pinyin.info/readings/yin_binyong/o2_proper_nouns.pdf">Proper Nouns in Hanyu Pinyin</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Chinese Romanization: Pronunciation and Orthography. 由Felley, Mary翻译. : 176 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-12-24</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181008143328/http://pinyin.info/readings/yin_binyong/o2_proper_nouns.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2018-10-08).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&rft.atitle=Proper+Nouns+in+Hanyu+Pinyin&rft.aufirst=Binyong&rft.aulast=Yin&rft.btitle=Chinese+Romanization%3A+Pronunciation+and+Orthography&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pages=176&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpinyin.info%2Freadings%2Fyin_binyong%2Fo2_proper_nouns.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-道教文化-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-道教文化_2-0"><sup><b>2.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-道教文化_2-1"><sup><b>2.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-道教文化_2-2"><sup><b>2.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-道教文化_2-3"><sup><b>2.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-道教文化_2-4"><sup><b>2.4</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.daoist.org/culture/culture.htm">道教文化/Taoist</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210413040031/http://www.daoist.org/culture/culture.htm">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">(繁體中文)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-中國道教簡史-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-中國道教簡史_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">唐大潮,《中國道教簡史》,宗教文化出版社,2001年,<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7801232291" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 7-80123-229-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">武当山道教协会, 武当山道教协会. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240126153241/http://www.wdsdjxh.com/detail.php?id=51">道教神仙分类</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-01-29</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdsdjxh.com/detail.php?id=51">原始内容</a>存档于2024-01-26).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&rft.aufirst=%E6%AD%A6%E5%BD%93%E5%B1%B1%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A&rft.aulast=%E6%AD%A6%E5%BD%93%E5%B1%B1%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A&rft.btitle=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E4%BB%99%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wdsdjxh.com%2Fdetail.php%3Fid%3D51&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thinkerstar.com/tianwen/no_3/p11.html">天問-道是什麼</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200720085816/http://www.thinkerstar.com/tianwen/no_3/p11.html">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">(繁體中文)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">洪修平,<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ccbs.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-BJ001/bj089712.htm">論漢地佛教的方術靈神化、儒學化與老莊玄學化</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210413012038/http://ccbs.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-BJ001/bj089712.htm">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">(繁體中文)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nanoforce.biz/daojiao.htm">道教教理和教義</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100828062458/http://www.nanoforce.biz/daojiao.htm">存檔</a>,存档日期2010-08-28.<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">(繁體中文)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://irisjuchen.wordpress.com/">金丹妙诀·济阳子</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210520211822/http://irisjuchen.wordpress.com/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">(简体中文)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-道教天地-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-道教天地_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.daoist.org/culture/culture.htm">道教簡介</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-09-08</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210413040031/http://www.daoist.org/culture/culture.htm">存档</a>于2021-04-13) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(香港)网页">(中文(香港))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E7%B0%A1%E4%BB%8B&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.daoist.org%2Fculture%2Fculture.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%BC%A2%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="後漢書">後漢書</a>》卷七十五〈<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E7%84%89" class="mw-disambig" title="劉焉">劉焉</a>傳</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-漢魏道教-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-漢魏道教_12-0"><sup><b>11.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-漢魏道教_12-1"><sup><b>11.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-漢魏道教_12-2"><sup><b>11.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-漢魏道教_12-3"><sup><b>11.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-漢魏道教_12-4"><sup><b>11.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-漢魏道教_12-5"><sup><b>11.5</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ctcwri.idv.tw/INDEXA3/A303/A30308/A3030808.htm">漢魏兩晉的道教</a>. 道教學術資訊網站. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210215162826/http://www.ctcwri.idv.tw/INDEXA3/A303/A30308/A3030808.htm">存档</a>于2021-02-15) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(臺灣)网页">(中文(臺灣))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=%E6%BC%A2%E9%AD%8F%E5%85%A9%E6%99%89%E7%9A%84%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%B6%B2%E7%AB%99&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctcwri.idv.tw%2FINDEXA3%2FA303%2FA30308%2FA3030808.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-登福-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-登福_13-0"><sup><b>12.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-登福_13-1"><sup><b>12.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-登福_13-2"><sup><b>12.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-登福_13-3"><sup><b>12.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-登福_13-4"><sup><b>12.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-登福_13-5"><sup><b>12.5</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">蕭登福. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.twtaoism.net/php/menushow.php?style_id=435">道教產生研究</a>. 道教全球資訊網. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-12-31</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201217022459/http://www.twtaoism.net/php/menushow.php?style_id=435">存档</a>于2020-12-17) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(臺灣)网页">(中文(臺灣))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&rft.au=%E8%95%AD%E7%99%BB%E7%A6%8F&rft.btitle=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E7%94%A2%E7%94%9F%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%B6%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.twtaoism.net%2Fphp%2Fmenushow.php%3Fstyle_id%3D435&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">由敦煌寫卷s 6825號《老子想爾注》此注</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">見《魏書·釋老誌》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《道德经》四十二章:道生一,一生二,二生三,三生萬物。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-教育部-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-教育部_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="zh" dir="ltr">引用错误:没有为名为<code>教育部</code>的参考文献提供内容</span></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《聞一多全集》,第143頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-道教全球資訊網-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-道教全球資訊網_19-0"><sup><b>18.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-道教全球資訊網_19-1"><sup><b>18.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-道教全球資訊網_19-2"><sup><b>18.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-道教全球資訊網_19-3"><sup><b>18.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.twtaoism.net/php/menushow.php?style_id=444">道教的神仙系譜</a>. 道教全球資訊網. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090219102716/http://twtaoism.net/php/menushow.php?style_id=444">存档</a>于2009-02-19).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E7%A5%9E%E4%BB%99%E7%B3%BB%E8%AD%9C&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%B6%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.twtaoism.net%2Fphp%2Fmenushow.php%3Fstyle_id%3D444&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">武当山道教协会, 武当山道教协会. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240126153241/http://www.wdsdjxh.com/detail.php?id=51">道教神仙分类</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-01-29</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdsdjxh.com/detail.php?id=51">原始内容</a>存档于2024-01-26).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&rft.aufirst=%E6%AD%A6%E5%BD%93%E5%B1%B1%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A&rft.aulast=%E6%AD%A6%E5%BD%93%E5%B1%B1%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A&rft.btitle=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E4%BB%99%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wdsdjxh.com%2Fdetail.php%3Fid%3D51&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">胡孚琛.中華道教大辭典:中國社會科學出版社,1995: 46</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">蕭天石. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.hsscol.org.hk/Archive/periodical/ct/CT024F.htm">道教與得救問題</a>. 神學論集. 1975, <b>24</b>: 237-246 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-07-10</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210421184600/http://archive.hsscol.org.hk/Archive/periodical/ct/CT024F.htm">存档</a>于2021-04-21).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&rft.atitle=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E5%BE%97%E6%95%91%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C&rft.au=%E8%95%AD%E5%A4%A9%E7%9F%B3&rft.date=1975&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8%E8%AB%96%E9%9B%86&rft.pages=237-246&rft.volume=24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.hsscol.org.hk%2FArchive%2Fperiodical%2Fct%2FCT024F.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zh.daoinfo.org/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%96%E9%A0%81&variant=zh-hk">道教文化中心資料庫</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-08-28</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201129020416/https://zh.daoinfo.org/w/index.php?title=%E9%A6%96%E9%A0%81&variant=zh-hk">存档</a>于2020-11-29).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E5%BA%AB&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzh.daoinfo.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3D%25E9%25A6%2596%25E9%25A0%2581%26variant%3Dzh-hk&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-心印妙經-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-心印妙經_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">張竹銘. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060615062756/http://taiwan.shien-dao.com.tw/mktalkdetail.php?ID=35">《心印妙經》與養生之道</a>. 台灣仙道學術資訊網. 2006-03-05. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://taiwan.shien-dao.com.tw/mktalkdetail.php?ID=35">原始内容</a>存档于2006-06-15).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&rft.au=%E5%BC%B5%E7%AB%B9%E9%8A%98&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%BF%83%E5%8D%B0%E5%A6%99%E7%B6%93%E3%80%8B%E8%88%87%E9%A4%8A%E7%94%9F%E4%B9%8B%E9%81%93&rft.date=2006-03-05&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E4%BB%99%E9%81%93%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%B6%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftaiwan.shien-dao.com.tw%2Fmktalkdetail.php%3FID%3D35&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-道教文化0-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-道教文化0_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taoist.org.hk/history.htm">道教文化</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19990502164135/http://www.taoist.org.hk/history.htm">存檔</a>,存档日期1999-05-02.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《道门十规》:住持之上,必德高年耆,刚方正直,言行端庄,学问明博,足为丛林之师表,福地之皈依者任之。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-道教音樂-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-道教音樂_27-0"><sup><b>26.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-道教音樂_27-1"><sup><b>26.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">曹本冶. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greatman.com.tw/tao.htm">道教音樂</a>. 大人物公司. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100829154204/http://www.greatman.com.tw/tao.htm">存档</a>于2010-08-29) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(臺灣)网页">(中文(臺灣))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&rft.au=%E6%9B%B9%E6%9C%AC%E5%86%B6&rft.btitle=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greatman.com.tw%2Ftao.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-宮觀-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-宮觀_28-0"><sup><b>27.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-宮觀_28-1"><sup><b>27.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-宮觀_28-2"><sup><b>27.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zh.daoinfo.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%AE%E8%A7%80&variant=zh-tw">道教天地-宮觀</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-09-08</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201110130404/http://zh.daoinfo.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%AE%E8%A7%80&variant=zh-tw">存档</a>于2020-11-10).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E5%A4%A9%E5%9C%B0-%E5%AE%AE%E8%A7%80&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzh.daoinfo.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3D%25E5%25AE%25AE%25E8%25A7%2580%26variant%3Dzh-tw&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-唐朝的道教-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-唐朝的道教_29-0"><sup><b>28.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-唐朝的道教_29-1"><sup><b>28.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111123202930/http://culture.edu.tw/history/smenu_photomenu.php?smenuid=443&s_level=&subjectid=708">唐朝的道教</a>. 歷史文化學習網. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-09-13</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://culture.edu.tw/history/smenu_photomenu.php?smenuid=443&s_level=&subjectid=708">原始内容</a>存档于2011-11-23) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(臺灣)网页">(中文(臺灣))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D%E7%9A%84%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E7%BF%92%E7%B6%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fculture.edu.tw%2Fhistory%2Fsmenu_photomenu.php%3Fsmenuid%3D443%26s_level%3D%26subjectid%3D708&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-香港道教-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-香港道教_30-0"><sup><b>29.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-香港道教_30-1"><sup><b>29.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sara.gov.cn/zzjg/yjzx/tgazjyjzx/11511.htm">香港道教概覽</a>. 國家宗教事務局宗教研究中心. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-08-16</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160520135958/http://www.sara.gov.cn/zzjg/yjzx/tgazjyjzx/11511.htm">存档</a>于2016-05-20) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(香港)网页">(中文(香港))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E6%A6%82%E8%A6%BD&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%BA%8B%E5%8B%99%E5%B1%80%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sara.gov.cn%2Fzzjg%2Fyjzx%2Ftgazjyjzx%2F11511.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/crs/dao/index_ch.html">道教文化研究中心</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-08-29</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150520034412/http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/crs/dao/index_ch.html">存档</a>于2015-05-20).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cuhk.edu.hk%2Fcrs%2Fdao%2Findex_ch.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">黎志添、游子安、吳真:《香港道教——歷史源流及其現代轉型》,中華書局出版,2010年7月15日。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">游子安主編,李宏之、梁德華副主編,《道風百年:香港道教與道觀》,蓬瀛仙館道教文化資料庫和利文出版社聯合出版,2002年,<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9629880954" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9629880954</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-中華民國道教會-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-中華民國道教會_34-0"><sup><b>33.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-中華民國道教會_34-1"><sup><b>33.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="zh" dir="ltr">引用错误:没有为名为<code>中華民國道教會</code>的参考文献提供内容</span></li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">據《台灣通史》記載</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">福永光司,《日本古代史與中國道教》,杭州大學出版社,1991年。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">見福井文雅:《道教研究在日本》,《文史知識))1996年5期</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">千田稔:《中國道教在日本》,《文史知識》1997年第2期</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">參見駒澤大學教授中村璋八於1983年為《道教》第三卷《道教的傳播》撰寫了《日本的道教》一文</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《日本文化通史》王勇著</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zh.daoinfo.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%9A%84%E9%81%93%E6%95%99">道通天地-日本的道教</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210323093654/http://zh.daoinfo.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%9A%84%E9%81%93%E6%95%99">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">(繁體中文)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-明倫-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-明倫_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://haihui.ntcu.edu.tw/14/b/0116.html">無量壽經優婆提捨願生偈注卷下</a>. 明倫海會全球資訊網. 2006-04-30 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(臺灣)网页">(中文(臺灣))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=%E7%84%A1%E9%87%8F%E5%A3%BD%E7%B6%93%E5%84%AA%E5%A9%86%E6%8F%90%E6%8D%A8%E9%A1%98%E7%94%9F%E5%81%88%E6%B3%A8%E5%8D%B7%E4%B8%8B&rft.date=2006-04-30&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%98%8E%E5%80%AB%E6%B5%B7%E6%9C%83%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%B6%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhaihui.ntcu.edu.tw%2F14%2Fb%2F0116.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2013年9月失效">失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imphone.tw/japan-j/8.htm">日本民族</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20111123210034/http://www.imphone.tw/japan-j/8.htm">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">(简体中文)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《舊唐書·高句麗傳》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《三國史記》卷二十《高麗本紀》第八</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《道教史》第302—303頁</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-朝鮮-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-朝鮮_52-0"><sup><b>46.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-朝鮮_52-1"><sup><b>46.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taoist.org.cn/webfront/webfront_viewContents.cgi?id=1327">道教在朝鮮</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706142637/http://www.taoist.org.cn/webfront/webfront_viewContents.cgi?id=1327">存檔</a>,存档日期2011-07-06.<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">(简体中文)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-越南的道教-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-越南的道教_54-0"><sup><b>47.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-越南的道教_54-1"><sup><b>47.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-越南的道教_54-2"><sup><b>47.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-越南的道教_54-3"><sup><b>47.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-越南的道教_54-4"><sup><b>47.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-越南的道教_54-5"><sup><b>47.5</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zh.daoinfo.org/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E7%9A%84%E9%81%93%E6%95%99">道通天地-越南的道教</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20101207072353/http://zh.daoinfo.org/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E7%9A%84%E9%81%93%E6%95%99">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">(繁體中文)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-大越史記全書-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-大越史記全書_55-0"><sup><b>48.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-大越史記全書_55-1"><sup><b>48.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">《大越史記全書》的《本紀》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ccsdb.ncl.edu.tw/ccs/image/001256722_0781.pdf">李焯然.新加坡的道教活動.1994</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-10-21</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210409051439/http://ccsdb.ncl.edu.tw/ccs/image/001256722_0781.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2021-04-09).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=%E6%9D%8E%E7%84%AF%E7%84%B6.%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E7%9A%84%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BB%E5%8B%95.1994&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fccsdb.ncl.edu.tw%2Fccs%2Fimage%2F001256722_0781.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zh.daoinfo.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E7%9A%84%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&variant=zh-sg">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-03-18</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201123062758/https://zh.daoinfo.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E7%9A%84%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&variant=zh-sg">存档</a>于2020-11-23).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzh.daoinfo.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3D%25E6%2596%25B0%25E5%258A%25A0%25E5%259D%25A1%25E7%259A%2584%25E9%2581%2593%25E6%2595%2599%26variant%3Dzh-sg&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140226194316/http://lhsdj.org/cms/html/art/20131231/1917.html">发展中的马来西亚道教</a>. 龙虎山道教. 2013-12-31 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-02-22</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lhsdj.org/cms/html/art/20131231/1917.html">原始内容</a>存档于2014-02-26).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&rft.date=2013-12-31&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E9%BE%99%E8%99%8E%E5%B1%B1%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flhsdj.org%2Fcms%2Fhtml%2Fart%2F20131231%2F1917.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140301050100/http://www.wanshengwang.org/show.aspx?id=1768&cid=19">道教在馬來西亞的新發展</a>. 萬聖網. 2009-09-29 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-02-22</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wanshengwang.org/show.aspx?id=1768&cid=19">原始内容</a>存档于2014-03-01).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E5%9C%A8%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B0%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95&rft.date=2009-09-29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E8%90%AC%E8%81%96%E7%B6%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wanshengwang.org%2Fshow.aspx%3Fid%3D1768%26cid%3D19&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-taoismmalaysia-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-taoismmalaysia_61-0"><sup><b>53.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-taoismmalaysia_61-1"><sup><b>53.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140302110951/http://www.taoismmalaysia.com/AboutUsCN.aspx">协会簡介</a>. 马来西亚道教总会. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-02-22</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taoismmalaysia.com/AboutUsCN.aspx">原始内容</a>存档于2014-03-02).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A%E7%B0%A1%E4%BB%8B&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E6%80%BB%E4%BC%9A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taoismmalaysia.com%2FAboutUsCN.aspx&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">邵美凤. 道教为何那么神秘?. 星洲日报周刊专题. 2013年8月18日.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&rft.atitle=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E4%B8%BA%E4%BD%95%E9%82%A3%E4%B9%88%E7%A5%9E%E7%A7%98%EF%BC%9F&rft.au=%E9%82%B5%E7%BE%8E%E5%87%A4&rft.date=2013-08-18&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E6%98%9F%E6%B4%B2%E6%97%A5%E6%8A%A5%E5%91%A8%E5%88%8A%E4%B8%93%E9%A2%98&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-西方流行-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-西方流行_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">江怡. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050214015259/http://demo.phdcr.com/~ysqin/My_Webs/gzwz/xflxddj.htm">西方流行《道德经》</a>. 《环球时报》第22版. 2004-01-16 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-01-01</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demo.phdcr.com/~ysqin/My_Webs/gzwz/xflxddj.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2005-02-14) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(中国大陆)网页">(中文(中国大陆))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&rft.au=%E6%B1%9F%E6%80%A1&rft.btitle=%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E3%80%8A%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7%E7%BB%8F%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2004-01-16&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E3%80%8A%E7%8E%AF%E7%90%83%E6%97%B6%E6%8A%A5%E3%80%8B%E7%AC%AC22%E7%89%88&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdemo.phdcr.com%2F~ysqin%2FMy_Webs%2Fgzwz%2Fxflxddj.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">「全球化道教」與「道教化全球」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://big5.huaxia.com/zhwh/gxjd/2639164.html">中國道教緣何令外國人著迷?</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-08-29</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210520212026/http://big5.huaxia.com/zhwh/gxjd/2639164.html">存档</a>于2021-05-20).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E7%B7%A3%E4%BD%95%E4%BB%A4%E5%A4%96%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E8%91%97%E8%BF%B7%EF%BC%9F&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbig5.huaxia.com%2Fzhwh%2Fgxjd%2F2639164.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">福井文雅. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203124242/http://www.daoist.org/BookSearch/BookSearch/list014/r3-021.pdf">佛教與全真教的成立</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 中日第六次佛教學術會議論文 (Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co., Ltd.). 1996 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-03-08</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.daoist.org/BookSearch/BookSearch/list014/r3-021.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2018-02-03).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&rft.au=%E7%A6%8F%E4%BA%95%E6%96%87%E9%9B%85&rft.btitle=%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E5%85%A8%E7%9C%9F%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E6%88%90%E7%AB%8B&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Tsinghua+Tongfang+Optical+Disc+Co.%2C+Ltd.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.daoist.org%2FBookSearch%2FBookSearch%2Flist014%2Fr3-021.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">見《魏書·釋老誌》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-西方宗教不同-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-西方宗教不同_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">謝世維<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eastasia.ntu.edu.tw/chinese/data/200912/7-1-87-128.pdf">從近代西方宗教理論的觀點看六朝道教經典的幾種建構模式</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2013年9月失效">失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">(繁體中文)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">出自《道德经》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-不同-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-不同_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.fjdh.com/space-15960-do-blog-id-88833.html">佛教與道教,基督教的不同</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111123210540/http://home.fjdh.com/space-15960-do-blog-id-88833.html">存檔</a>,存档日期2011-11-23.<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">(繁體中文)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">出自《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E7%BB%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="太平经">太平经</a>》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wt38.com/to05/to05-02/to05-02-36.htm">屍解</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210310195125/http://wt38.com/to05/to05-02/to05-02-36.htm">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">(中文)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.udn.com/s3527699tw/4171793">道教佛教一貫道之不同</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210520212052/http://blog.udn.com/s3527699tw/4171793">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">(繁體中文)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baibai.com.tw/view-temple.asp?com_ser=7857">天罡佛堂</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-03-25</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210520212057/http://www.baibai.com.tw/view-temple.asp?com_ser=7857">存档</a>于2021-05-20).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&rft.btitle=%E5%A4%A9%E7%BD%A1%E4%BD%9B%E5%A0%82&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baibai.com.tw%2Fview-temple.asp%3Fcom_ser%3D7857&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="来源"><span id=".E6.9D.A5.E6.BA.90"></span>来源</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=43" title="编辑章节:来源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>书籍</dt></dl> <ul><li>唐大潮:《中国道教简史》,宗教文化出版社,2001年,<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7801232291" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 7-80123-229-1</a></li> <li>丁培仁:《道教典籍百问》,《宗教文化丛书》,今日中国出版社,1996年,<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/750720409X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 7-5072-0409-X</a></li> <li>李养正:《道教基本知识》,中国道教协会编印(非正式出版物),1985年</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%80%80%E7%91%BE" title="南怀瑾">南怀瑾</a>:《道家、密宗与东方神秘学》,中国世界语出版社,1994年,<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7505202030" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 7-5052-0203-0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%AD%9A%E7%90%9B" title="胡孚琛">胡孚琛</a>:《中華道教大辭典》:中國社會科學出版,1995年,<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7500417942" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 7-5004-1794-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%AD%9A%E7%90%9B" title="胡孚琛">胡孚琛</a>:《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E5%AD%B8%E9%80%9A%E8%AB%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="道學通論(页面不存在)">道學通論</a>(修订版)》,社會科學文獻出版社,2009年</li> <li>鄭素春:《<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.hk/books?hl=zh-TW&lr=&id=iWlBuK1o5XQC&oi=fnd&pg=PA10&dq=%E9%A6%AC%E9%88%BA&ots=5Y_4QbqQlm&sig=SWp7nhTNwlRKcghSY_BBkxZI4Nc&redir_esc=y">道教信仰,神仙與儀式</a>》(臺北:臺灣商務印書館股份有限公司,2002年)</li> <li>窪德忠 著,蕭坤華 譯:《道教史》(上海:上海譯文出版社,1987年)</li> <li>傅勤家:《中國道教史》(上海:商務印書館,1937年)</li> <li>Timothy H. Barrett 著,曾維加 譯:《唐代道教——中國歷史上黃金時期的宗教與帝國》(濟南:齊魯書社,2012年)</li> <li>勞格文:〈<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ha.cuhk.edu.hk/Papers%202014/31.LAGERWEY,%20John.%20%20%E2%80%9CDaojiao%20yu%20Zhongguo%20zongjiao%20he%20wenhua%20zhi%20suowei%20yu%20wuwei%E2%80%9D%20%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E6%96%BC%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%B9%8B%E6%89%80%E7%82%BA%E8%88%87%E7%84%A1%E7%82%BA.pdf">道教於中國宗教之所為與无無為</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210215164132/http://www.ha.cuhk.edu.hk/Papers%202014/31.LAGERWEY,%20John.%20%20%E2%80%9CDaojiao%20yu%20Zhongguo%20zongjiao%20he%20wenhua%20zhi%20suowei%20yu%20wuwei%E2%80%9D%20%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E6%96%BC%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%B9%8B%E6%89%80%E7%82%BA%E8%88%87%E7%84%A1%E7%82%BA.pdf">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)〉。</li> <li>施舟人:〈<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nssd.org/articles/article_read.aspx?id=23113404">道教生态:内在的转变——对早期道教戒律的研究</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210114014638/http://www.nssd.org/articles/article_read.aspx?id=23113404">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)〉。</li> <li>祁泰履:〈<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.daoist.org/booksearch/BookSearch/list012/69-1-1.pdf">針尖上能站多少天兵——道教理論探索</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210215164236/http://www.daoist.org/booksearch/BookSearch/list012/69-1-1.pdf">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)〉。</li> <li>池田知久:〈<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nssd.org/articles/article_read.aspx?id=49808702">儒学的国教化与道家</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210114014639/http://www.nssd.org/articles/article_read.aspx?id=49808702">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)〉。</li> <li>镰田茂雄:〈<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nssd.org/articles/article_read.aspx?id=662357862">佛道二教的混淆形态</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210114014643/http://www.nssd.org/articles/article_read.aspx?id=662357862">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)〉。</li> <li>吕鹏志:〈<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nssd.org/articles/article_read.aspx?id=47276195">中国现存地方道教仪式新探</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210114015655/http://www.nssd.org/articles/article_read.aspx?id=47276195">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)〉。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸阅读"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.98.85.E8.AF.BB"></span>延伸阅读</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=44" title="编辑章节:延伸阅读"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks" style="float: right;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9598" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q9598"><span class="nomobile">在维基数据</span>编<span class="nomobile">辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span> </p> <dl><dd><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="维基文库"><img alt="维基文库中的相关文本:" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> 《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%AC%BD%E5%AE%9A%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%8A%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90/%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E5%BD%99%E7%B7%A8/%E7%A5%9E%E7%95%B0%E5%85%B8/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E9%83%A8#道教" class="extiw" title="s:欽定古今圖書集成/博物彙編/神異典/道教部">欽定古今圖書集成·博物彙編·神異典·道教部</a>》,出自<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E6%A2%A6%E9%9B%B7" title="陈梦雷">陈梦雷</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%8A%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90" title="古今图书集成">古今圖書集成</a>》</dd></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源:<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Taoism" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Taoism"><span style="font-weight:bold;">道教</span></a></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=45" title="编辑章节:外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a>(臺灣)</dt></dl> <ul><li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">(繁體中文)</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taomen.net/">中華道教網</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210520212141/http://www.taomen.net/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">(繁體中文)</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110206065907/http://www.chinesetaoism.org/">中華民國道教會官網</a></li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">(繁體中文)</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040921014259/http://www.taoism.com.tw/">道教網路資訊報導</a></li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">(繁體中文)</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160618073256/http://www.ctcwri.idv.tw/CTCWRI-MTS/CMT000.htm">正統道藏 道教學術資訊網站首頁</a></li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">(繁體中文)</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sanching.org.tw/nade30">道教總廟三清宮 - 道教淺介</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210310195236/http://www.sanching.org.tw/nade30">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/22px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/33px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg/44px-Flag_of_Hong_Kong.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">(繁體中文)</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hktaoist.org.hk/">([//web.archive.org/web/20111125152823/http://www.hktaoist.org.hk/ 页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>) 香港道教è//zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">(繁體中文)</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.lib.hkbu.edu.hk/eco-religion/index.php">靈性傳統。全球生態。香港環境</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201105092227/https://digital.lib.hkbu.edu.hk/eco-religion/index.php">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>) 介紹不同宗教對生態的看法,並展覽香港獨特的生態面貌,完全免費,由<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.lib.hkbu.edu.hk/digital/project.php">香港浸會大學圖書館</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20181215222621/https://digital.lib.hkbu.edu.hk/digital/project.php">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)提供</li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a>(大陸)</dt></dl> <ul><li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">(简体中文)</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taoist.org.cn/">中國道教協會</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20111005023821/http://www.taoist.org.cn/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">(简体中文)</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinataoism.org/">中國道教</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201128053221/http://www.chinataoism.org/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">(简体中文)</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.twtaoism.net/">道教全球資訊網</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201218104724/http://www.twtaoism.net/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">(简体中文)</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.51zhouyu.cn/">咒语大全网</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110828194421/http://www.51zhouyu.cn/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">(简体中文)</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100617120018/http://www.xudewang.com/">道藏全文阅读</a></li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">(简体中文)</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100126084746/http://bbs.jgdss.com/">朝天观道教文化论坛</a></li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">(简体中文)</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taoholycity.com/">道教圣城</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20181026115552/http://www.taoholycity.com/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dt>海外</dt></dl> <ul><li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">(繁體中文)</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111123200947/http://maushan.blogspot.com/">多倫多昊天茅山張家真心教</a></li> <li><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">(英文)</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090917231850/http://www.taoist.com/">Taoist Arts Home</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%81%93%E6%95%99&action=edit&section=46" title="编辑章节:参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Taijitu_red_gradient.svg/28px-Taijitu_red_gradient.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Taijitu_red_gradient.svg/42px-Taijitu_red_gradient.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Taijitu_red_gradient.svg/56px-Taijitu_red_gradient.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="Portal:道教">道教主题</a></span></li> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_religion_world.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/31px-P_religion_world.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/47px-P_religion_world.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/P_religion_world.svg/62px-P_religion_world.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="Portal:宗教">宗教主题</a></span></li> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_dragon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/China_dragon.svg/32px-China_dragon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/China_dragon.svg/48px-China_dragon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/China_dragon.svg/64px-China_dragon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" title="Portal:中国">中国主题</a></span></li> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HanWaHanViet.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/HanWaHanViet.svg/28px-HanWaHanViet.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/HanWaHanViet.svg/43px-HanWaHanViet.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/HanWaHanViet.svg/57px-HanWaHanViet.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="239" data-file-height="236" /></a></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:汉字文化圈">汉字文化圈主题</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93" title="道">道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%AE%B6" title="道家">道家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E5%8F%B2" title="中國道教史">中國道教史</a></li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="宗教" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="Template:宗教"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="Template talk:宗教"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:宗教"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="宗教" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="宗教">宗教</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";;;;;"><div id="主要宗教及信仰" class="" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="世界主要宗教">主要宗教及信仰</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95%E8%AB%B8%E6%95%99" title="亞伯拉罕諸教">亞伯拉罕諸教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" title="犹太教">犹太教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%88%E6%B4%BE" title="猶太教保守派">保守派</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="海马诺特派" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Haymanot"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E9%A9%AC%E8%AF%BA%E7%89%B9%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海马诺特派(页面不存在)">海马诺特派</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haymanot" class="extiw" title="en:Haymanot"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Haymanot</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E6%B4%BE" title="犹太教卡拉派">卡拉派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1%E6%B4%BE" title="猶太教正統派">正统派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E6%B4%BE" title="猶太教改革派">改革派</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督宗教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="西方基督教">西方基督教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="天主教會">天主教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" title="新教">新教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="舊天主教會">旧天主教</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="独立天主教会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Independent Catholic churches"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="独立天主教会(页面不存在)">独立天主教会</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Catholic_churches" class="extiw" title="en:Independent Catholic churches"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Independent Catholic churches</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="東方基督教">東方基督教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東正教會">东正教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東方正統教會">東方正統教會</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%84%80%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東儀天主教會">東儀天主教會</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E4%B8%89%E4%BD%8D%E4%B8%80%E9%AB%94%E6%B4%BE" title="非三位一體派">非三位一體派</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E5%92%8C%E8%8F%AF%E8%A6%8B%E8%AD%89%E4%BA%BA" title="耶和華見證人">耶和華見證人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%9C%9F%E8%81%96%E5%BE%92%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="後期聖徒運動">後期聖徒運動</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%88%BE%E9%96%80%E6%95%99" title="摩爾門教">摩爾門教</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="耶稣主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jesuism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="耶稣主义(页面不存在)">耶稣主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesuism" class="extiw" title="en:Jesuism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jesuism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99" title="伊斯兰教">伊斯兰教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%9C%E5%B0%BC%E6%B4%BE" title="遜尼派">遜尼派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%80%E5%8F%B6%E6%B4%BE" title="什叶派">什叶派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%B7%B4%E5%BE%B7%E6%B4%BE" title="伊巴德派">伊巴德派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E9%9D%9E%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="蘇非主義">苏菲派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%B5%AB%E8%BF%88%E5%BA%95%E4%BA%9A" title="阿赫迈底亚">阿赫迈底亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E7%8D%A8%E5%8F%A4%E8%98%AD%E7%B6%93" title="唯獨古蘭經">唯獨古蘭經</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%AF%94%E6%95%99" title="巴比教">巴比教</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="艾扎勒" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Azali"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%BE%E6%89%8E%E5%8B%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="艾扎勒(页面不存在)">艾扎勒巴比教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azali" class="extiw" title="en:Azali"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Azali</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%88%E4%BC%8A%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="巴哈伊信仰">巴哈伊信仰</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E9%B2%81%E5%85%B9%E6%B4%BE" title="德鲁兹派">德鲁兹教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E9%81%94%E5%AE%89%E6%95%99" title="曼達安教">曼達安教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E6%B3%95%E9%87%8C%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="拉斯塔法里运动">拉斯塔法里</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E9%A9%AC%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E6%95%99" title="撒马利亚教">撒马利亚教</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">印欧宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="印度宗教信仰" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Indian religions"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度宗教信仰(页面不存在)">印度</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_religions" class="extiw" title="en:Indian religions"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Indian religions</span></a></span>)</span></span>-<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%97%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="伊朗宗教">伊朗</a>宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E4%B9%98%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="大乘佛教">大乘佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%BA%A7%E9%83%A8%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="上座部佛教">上座部佛教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97" title="密宗">密宗</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%A0%E9%99%80%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="吠陀宗教">吠陀宗教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%97%E6%B9%BF%E5%A5%B4%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="毗湿奴派">毗湿奴派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E5%85%8B%E6%8F%90%E6%B4%BE" title="沙克提派">沙克達教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%95%E5%A9%86%E6%95%99" title="濕婆教">湿婆派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BA%9E%E7%93%A6%E8%8A%9D" title="阿亞瓦芝">阿亞瓦芝</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="师摩多派" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Smartism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%88%E6%91%A9%E5%A4%9A%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="师摩多派(页面不存在)">师摩多派</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartism" class="extiw" title="en:Smartism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Smartism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%86%E9%82%A3%E6%95%99" title="耆那教">耆那教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E8%A1%A3%E6%B4%BE" title="天衣派">天衣派</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="白衣派" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Śvētāmbara"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E8%A1%A3%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="白衣派(页面不存在)">白衣派</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Av%C4%93t%C4%81mbara" class="extiw" title="en:Śvētāmbara"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Śvētāmbara</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1%E5%85%8B%E6%95%99" title="锡克教">锡克教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%85%B9%E8%BF%AA" title="雅兹迪">雅兹迪教</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="以什克派" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ishikism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A5%E4%BB%80%E5%85%8B%E6%B4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="以什克派(页面不存在)">以什克派</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishikism" class="extiw" title="en:Ishikism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ishikism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%BC%E6%B4%BE" title="雅赛尼派">雅赛尼派</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%86%E6%95%99" title="祆教">祆教</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="歐洲民族">欧洲</a>宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亚美尼亚新异教运动" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Armenian neopaganism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%96%B0%E5%BC%82%E6%95%99%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚美尼亚新异教运动(页面不存在)">亚美尼亚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_neopaganism" class="extiw" title="en:Armenian neopaganism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Armenian neopaganism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="波罗的海新异教运动" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Baltic neopaganism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E6%96%B0%E5%BC%82%E6%95%99%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波罗的海新异教运动(页面不存在)">波罗的海</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltic_neopaganism" class="extiw" title="en:Baltic neopaganism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Baltic neopaganism</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="狄耶夫图里巴" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dievturība"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8B%84%E8%80%B6%E5%A4%AB%E5%9B%BE%E9%87%8C%E5%B7%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="狄耶夫图里巴(页面不存在)">狄耶夫图里</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dievtur%C4%ABba" class="extiw" title="en:Dievturība"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dievturība</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="德鲁维" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Druwi"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E9%B2%81%E7%BB%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德鲁维(页面不存在)">德鲁维</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druwi" class="extiw" title="en:Druwi"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Druwi</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E5%A7%86%E7%93%A6_(%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99)" title="洛姆瓦 (宗教)">洛姆瓦</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="高加索新异教运动" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Caucasian neopaganism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2%E6%96%B0%E5%BC%82%E6%95%99%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高加索新异教运动(页面不存在)">高加索</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasian_neopaganism" class="extiw" title="en:Caucasian neopaganism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Caucasian neopaganism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="凯尔特新异教运动" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Celtic neopaganism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%AF%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%E6%96%B0%E5%BC%82%E6%95%99%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="凯尔特新异教运动(页面不存在)">凯尔特</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_neopaganism" class="extiw" title="en:Celtic neopaganism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Celtic neopaganism</span></a></span>)</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%BE%B7%E9%AD%AF%E4%BC%8A%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="新德魯伊信仰">德鲁伊</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="日耳曼多神教運動">日耳曼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99_(%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88)" title="希臘多神教 (復興)">希腊</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="意大利-罗马新异教运动" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Italo-Roman neopaganism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9-%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%B0%E5%BC%82%E6%95%99%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="意大利-罗马新异教运动(页面不存在)">意大利</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italo-Roman_neopaganism" class="extiw" title="en:Italo-Roman neopaganism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Italo-Roman neopaganism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="扎尔莫西安运动" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Zalmoxianism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%8E%E5%B0%94%E8%8E%AB%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="扎尔莫西安运动(页面不存在)">罗马尼亚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zalmoxianism" class="extiw" title="en:Zalmoxianism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Zalmoxianism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%9F%E6%95%99" title="斯拉夫本土教">斯拉夫</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="东亚宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="East Asian religions"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%9C%E4%BA%9A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="东亚宗教(页面不存在)">东亚宗教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Asian_religions" class="extiw" title="en:East Asian religions"><span lang="en" dir="auto">East Asian religions</span></a></span>)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">道教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E6%95%99" title="儒教">儒教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E9%81%93" title="神道">神道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="中國秘密宗教">中國秘密宗教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%95%99" title="羅教">羅教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%8B%E6%95%99" title="齋教">齋教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E5%A4%A9%E9%81%93" title="先天道">先天道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E8%B2%AB%E9%81%93" title="一貫道">一貫道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%95%99" title="理教">理教</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9C%9F%E7%A9%BA%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="真空教(页面不存在)">真空教</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E9%97%B4%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="中国民间信仰">中国民间信仰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%B0%91%E9%96%93%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="臺灣民間信仰">臺灣民間信仰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E6%B3%9B%E9%9D%88%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="臺灣原住民族泛靈信仰">臺灣原住民信仰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%80%E6%95%99" title="三一教">三一教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%AB%E8%A6%A1%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="巫覡宗教">巫教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E5%B7%AB%E6%95%99" title="朝鮮巫教">巫堂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="天道教">天道教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E8%87%BA%E6%95%99" title="高臺教">高臺教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%A5%BD%E6%95%99" title="和好教">和好教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E9%81%93" title="母道">母道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="本主教">本主教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E6%91%A9" title="毕摩">毕摩教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF%E6%95%99" title="苯教">苯教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%B7%B4%E6%95%99" title="東巴教">東巴教</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="赫蒙族宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ua Dab"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%AB%E8%92%99%E6%97%8F%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赫蒙族宗教(页面不存在)">赫蒙族宗教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ua_Dab" class="extiw" title="en:Ua Dab"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ua Dab</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">中亚与北亚宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="白教 (阿尔泰)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Burkhanism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E6%95%99_(%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%B3%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="白教 (阿尔泰)(页面不存在)">白教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkhanism" class="extiw" title="en:Burkhanism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Burkhanism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瓦提森雅利" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vattisen Yaly"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E6%8F%90%E6%A3%AE%E9%9B%85%E5%88%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓦提森雅利(页面不存在)">楚瓦什</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vattisen_Yaly" class="extiw" title="en:Vattisen Yaly"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vattisen Yaly</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A1%E6%97%8F%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="满族萨满教">满族</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蒙古萨满教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mongolian shamanism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蒙古萨满教(页面不存在)">蒙古</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolian_shamanism" class="extiw" title="en:Mongolian shamanism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mongolian shamanism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西伯利亚萨满教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Shamanism in Siberia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西伯利亚萨满教(页面不存在)">西伯利亚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamanism_in_Siberia" class="extiw" title="en:Shamanism in Siberia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Shamanism in Siberia</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%85%BE%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="腾格里信仰">腾格里信仰</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">乌拉尔宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="芬兰新异教运动" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Finnish neopaganism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0%E6%96%B0%E5%BC%82%E6%95%99%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="芬兰新异教运动(页面不存在)">芬兰</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_neopaganism" class="extiw" title="en:Finnish neopaganism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Finnish neopaganism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="匈牙利新异教运动" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hungarian neopaganism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E6%96%B0%E5%BC%82%E6%95%99%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="匈牙利新异教运动(页面不存在)">匈牙利</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian_neopaganism" class="extiw" title="en:Hungarian neopaganism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hungarian neopaganism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="乌拉尔新异教运动" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Uralic neopaganism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%8C%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E6%96%B0%E5%BC%82%E6%95%99%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="乌拉尔新异教运动(页面不存在)">乌拉尔</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uralic_neopaganism" class="extiw" title="en:Uralic neopaganism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Uralic neopaganism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">非洲宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="非洲傳統宗教">传统</a>宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿坎神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Akan mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%9D%8E%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿坎神话(页面不存在)">阿坎族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akan_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Akan mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Akan mythology</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E5%B7%B4%E6%97%8F" title="坎巴族">坎巴族</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="卢巴神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Baluba mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E5%B7%B4%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卢巴神话(页面不存在)">卢巴族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baluba_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Baluba mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Baluba mythology</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="班图神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bantu mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BE%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="班图神话(页面不存在)">班图族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantu_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Bantu mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bantu mythology</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="柏柏尔神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Berber mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%8F%E6%9F%8F%E5%B0%94%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="柏柏尔神话(页面不存在)">柏柏尔族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berber_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Berber mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Berber mythology</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="库巴神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bushongo mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%93%E5%B7%B4%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="库巴神话(页面不存在)">库巴族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bushongo_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Bushongo mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bushongo mythology</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="瓦格 (宗教)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Waaq"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%A6%E6%A0%BC_(%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓦格 (宗教)(页面不存在)">库希特人</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waaq" class="extiw" title="en:Waaq"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Waaq</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="丁卡神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dinka mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%81%E5%8D%A1%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="丁卡神话(页面不存在)">丁卡族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinka_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Dinka mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dinka mythology</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="埃菲克神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Efik mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E8%8F%B2%E5%85%8B%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="埃菲克神话(页面不存在)">埃菲克族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efik_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Efik mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Efik mythology</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="达荷美神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dahomey mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E8%8D%B7%E7%BE%8E%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="达荷美神话(页面不存在)">达荷美族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dahomey_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Dahomey mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dahomey mythology</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="关契人教会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Church of the Guanche People"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%B3%E5%A5%91%E4%BA%BA%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="关契人教会(页面不存在)">关契族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Guanche_People" class="extiw" title="en:Church of the Guanche People"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Church of the Guanche People</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奥迪纳尼" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Odinani"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A5%E8%BF%AA%E7%BA%B3%E5%B0%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奥迪纳尼(页面不存在)">伊博族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odinani" class="extiw" title="en:Odinani"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Odinani</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E7%88%BE%E9%9C%8D%E5%8D%9A%E6%97%8F" title="烏爾霍博族">伊索科族</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E4%BC%8A%E7%A7%91%E4%BC%8A%E4%BA%BA%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="科伊科伊人原始宗教">科伊科伊族</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="洛图科神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lotuko mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%9B%E5%9B%BE%E7%A7%91%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="洛图科神话(页面不存在)">洛图科族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotuko_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Lotuko mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lotuko mythology</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="洛齐神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lozi mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%9B%E9%BD%90%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="洛齐神话(页面不存在)">洛齐族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lozi_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Lozi mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lozi mythology</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="卢格巴拉神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lugbara mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A2%E6%A0%BC%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卢格巴拉神话(页面不存在)">卢格巴拉族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lugbara_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Lugbara mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lugbara mythology</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马赛神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Maasai mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E8%B5%9B%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="马赛神话(页面不存在)">马赛族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maasai_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Maasai mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Maasai mythology</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="姆布蒂神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mbuti mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A7%86%E5%B8%83%E8%92%82%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="姆布蒂神话(页面不存在)">姆布蒂族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbuti_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Mbuti mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mbuti mythology</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="塞雷尔宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Serer religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%9E%E9%9B%B7%E5%B0%94%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塞雷尔宗教(页面不存在)">塞雷尔族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serer_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Serer religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Serer religion</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="图姆布卡神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tumbuka mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BE%E5%A7%86%E5%B8%83%E5%8D%A1%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="图姆布卡神话(页面不存在)">图姆布卡族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuka_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Tumbuka mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tumbuka mythology</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="约鲁巴宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Yoruba religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A6%E9%B2%81%E5%B7%B4%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="约鲁巴宗教(页面不存在)">约鲁巴族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoruba_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Yoruba religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Yoruba religion</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="祖鲁神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Zulu mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%96%E9%B2%81%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="祖鲁神话(页面不存在)">祖鲁族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulu_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Zulu mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Zulu mythology</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="非美宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Afro-American religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9D%9E%E7%BE%8E%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="非美宗教(页面不存在)">流散</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-American_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Afro-American religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Afro-American religion</span></a></span>)</span></span>宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="坎冬博宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Candomblé"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9D%8E%E5%86%AC%E5%8D%9A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="坎冬博宗教(页面不存在)">坎冬博</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="en:Candomblé"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Candomblé</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="库米纳" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kumina"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%93%E7%B1%B3%E7%BA%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="库米纳(页面不存在)">库米纳</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumina" class="extiw" title="en:Kumina"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kumina</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奥比亚" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Obeah"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A5%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奥比亚(页面不存在)">奥比亚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obeah" class="extiw" title="en:Obeah"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Obeah</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="金斑达" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Quimbanda"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%91%E6%96%91%E8%BE%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="金斑达(页面不存在)">金斑达</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quimbanda" class="extiw" title="en:Quimbanda"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Quimbanda</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="帕洛 (宗教)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Palo (religion)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%95%E6%B4%9B_(%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="帕洛 (宗教)(页面不存在)">帕洛</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palo_(religion)" class="extiw" title="en:Palo (religion)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Palo (religion)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="桑特里亚教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Santería"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A1%91%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="桑特里亚教(页面不存在)">桑特里亚教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santer%C3%ADa" class="extiw" title="en:Santería"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Santería</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="恩斑达" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Umbanda"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%81%A9%E6%96%91%E8%BE%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="恩斑达(页面不存在)">恩斑达</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbanda" class="extiw" title="en:Umbanda"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Umbanda</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E9%83%BD%E6%95%99" title="伏都教">伏都教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%B0%E5%B7%AB%E6%AF%92" title="海地巫毒">海地伏都教</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="路易斯安那伏都教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Louisiana Voodoo"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%89%E9%82%A3%E4%BC%8F%E9%83%BD%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="路易斯安那伏都教(页面不存在)">路易斯安那伏都教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana_Voodoo" class="extiw" title="en:Louisiana Voodoo"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Louisiana Voodoo</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="文提教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Winti"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E6%8F%90%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文提教(页面不存在)">文提教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winti" class="extiw" title="en:Winti"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Winti</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴多信仰" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Bathouism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%A4%9A%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴多信仰(页面不存在)">巴多信仰</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathouism" class="extiw" title="en:Bathouism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Bathouism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蒙 (宗教)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mun (religion)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%99_(%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蒙 (宗教)(页面不存在)">邦廷教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mun_(religion)" class="extiw" title="en:Mun (religion)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mun (religion)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="日月教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Donyi-Polo"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%88%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="日月教(页面不存在)">日月教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donyi-Polo" class="extiw" title="en:Donyi-Polo"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Donyi-Polo</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="达罗毗荼民间宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dravidian folk religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BE%BE%E7%BD%97%E6%AF%97%E8%8D%BC%E6%B0%91%E9%97%B4%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="达罗毗荼民间宗教(页面不存在)">达罗毗荼</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dravidian_folk_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Dravidian folk religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dravidian folk religion</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="克拉底信仰" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kirant Mundhum"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E5%BA%95%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="克拉底信仰(页面不存在)">克拉底</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirant_Mundhum" class="extiw" title="en:Kirant Mundhum"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kirant Mundhum</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="萨那马希信仰" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sanamahism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A8%E9%82%A3%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%8C%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萨那马希信仰(页面不存在)">萨那马希</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanamahism" class="extiw" title="en:Sanamahism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sanamahism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="萨奈信仰" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sarnaism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A8%E5%A5%88%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萨奈信仰(页面不存在)">萨奈信仰</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarnaism" class="extiw" title="en:Sarnaism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sarnaism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="缅甸民间信仰" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Burmese folk religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BC%85%E7%94%B8%E6%B0%91%E9%97%B4%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="缅甸民间信仰(页面不存在)">缅甸</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmese_folk_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Burmese folk religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Burmese folk religion</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E8%AF%AD%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E6%B0%91%E9%97%B4%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="台语民族民间信仰">老挝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%95%99" title="摩教">师公教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B0%91%E9%97%B4%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="马来西亚民间信仰">马来西亚</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="印度尼西亚民间信仰" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Aliran kepercayaan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B0%91%E9%97%B4%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="印度尼西亚民间信仰(页面不存在)">印度尼西亚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliran_kepercayaan" class="extiw" title="en:Aliran kepercayaan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Aliran kepercayaan</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴廷信仰" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kebatinan"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E5%BB%B7%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴廷信仰(页面不存在)">巴廷信仰</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebatinan" class="extiw" title="en:Kebatinan"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kebatinan</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="澳大利亚原住民神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Australian Aboriginal mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="澳大利亚原住民神话(页面不存在)">澳大利亚原住民</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Australian Aboriginal mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Australian Aboriginal mythology</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E5%8E%9F%E4%BD%8F%E6%B0%91%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="美洲原住民宗教">美洲原住民</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中部美洲宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Mesoamerican religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中部美洲宗教(页面不存在)">中部美洲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesoamerican_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Mesoamerican religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Mesoamerican religion</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="菲律宾神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Philippine mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%BE%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="菲律宾神话(页面不存在)">菲律宾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Philippine mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Philippine mythology</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="波利尼西亚神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Polynesian narrative"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A2%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="波利尼西亚神话(页面不存在)">波利尼西亚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynesian_narrative" class="extiw" title="en:Polynesian narrative"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Polynesian narrative</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A8%E7%89%A9%E5%B4%87%E6%8B%9C" title="貨物崇拜">貨物崇拜</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%88%88%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="新興宗教">新興宗教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%84%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E8%92%82%E4%BA%9A%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="狄斯科蒂亚信仰">不和教</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="埃坎卡" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Eckankar"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E5%9D%8E%E5%8D%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="埃坎卡(页面不存在)">埃坎卡</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eckankar" class="extiw" title="en:Eckankar"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Eckankar</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%BA%AA%E5%85%83%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="新纪元运动">新纪元运动</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%BC%AA%E5%8A%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="法輪功">法輪功</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E6%97%A6%E5%B4%87%E6%8B%9C" title="撒旦崇拜">撒旦崇拜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BD%E6%B5%AE%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="幽浮宗教">幽浮宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E7%88%BE%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="雷爾運動">雷爾運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E4%BF%AE" title="奧修">羅傑尼希教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E9%81%94%E5%9F%BA" title="山達基">山達基</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%8B%92%E7%91%AA" title="泰勒瑪">泰勒瑪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%95%91%E4%B8%80%E4%BD%8D%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99" title="普救一位神教">一神普救派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%8D%A1%E6%95%99" title="威卡教">威卡教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E7%88%BE%E7%BD%95%E6%95%99" title="布爾罕教">布爾罕教</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";;;;;"><div id="历史宗教" class="" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%8F%B2" title="宗教史">历史宗教</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E5%89%8D%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="史前宗教">史前宗教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="旧石器时代宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Paleolithic religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A7%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="旧石器时代宗教(页面不存在)">旧石器时代宗教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleolithic_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Paleolithic religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Paleolithic religion</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古代近东宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Religions of the ancient Near East"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E8%BF%91%E4%B8%9C%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古代近东宗教(页面不存在)">近东宗教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religions_of_the_ancient_Near_East" class="extiw" title="en:Religions of the ancient Near East"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Religions of the ancient Near East</span></a></span>)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="古埃及宗教">古埃及宗教</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古美索不达米亚宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ancient Mesopotamian religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%8E%E7%B4%A2%E4%B8%8D%E8%BE%BE%E7%B1%B3%E4%BA%9A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古美索不达米亚宗教(页面不存在)">美索不达米亚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Ancient Mesopotamian religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ancient Mesopotamian religion</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="古闪米特宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ancient Semitic religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E9%97%AA%E7%B1%B3%E7%89%B9%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古闪米特宗教(页面不存在)">闪米特</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Semitic_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Ancient Semitic religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ancient Semitic religion</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E5%8D%B0%E6%AC%A7%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="原始印欧宗教">原始印欧宗教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">亚洲宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="原始印伊宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Proto-Indo-Iranian religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E5%8D%B0%E4%BC%8A%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="原始印伊宗教(页面不存在)">原始印伊宗教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-Iranian_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Proto-Indo-Iranian religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Proto-Indo-Iranian religion</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亚美尼亚神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Armenian mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚美尼亚神话(页面不存在)">亚美尼亚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Armenian mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Armenian mythology</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奥塞梯神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ossetian mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A5%E5%A1%9E%E6%A2%AF%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奥塞梯神话(页面不存在)">奥塞梯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossetian_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Ossetian mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ossetian mythology</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%A0%E9%99%80%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="吠陀宗教">吠陀宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%86%E6%95%99" title="祆教">琐罗亚斯德教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E7%89%B9%E6%8B%89%E6%95%99" title="密特拉教">密特拉教</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="祖梵教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Zurvanism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%96%E6%A2%B5%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="祖梵教(页面不存在)">祖梵教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zurvanism" class="extiw" title="en:Zurvanism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Zurvanism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E5%BA%95%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="諾斯底主義">諾斯底主義</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%BC%E6%95%99" title="摩尼教">摩尼教</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">欧洲宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="凯尔特多神教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Celtic polytheism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%87%AF%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="凯尔特多神教(页面不存在)">凯尔特</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_polytheism" class="extiw" title="en:Celtic polytheism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Celtic polytheism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99" title="日耳曼多神教">日耳曼</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="盎格鲁-撒克逊异教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Anglo-Saxon paganism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81-%E6%92%92%E5%85%8B%E9%80%8A%E5%BC%82%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="盎格鲁-撒克逊异教(页面不存在)">盎格鲁-撒克逊</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_paganism" class="extiw" title="en:Anglo-Saxon paganism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Anglo-Saxon paganism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大陆日耳曼神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Continental Germanic mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大陆日耳曼神话(页面不存在)">大陆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_Germanic_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Continental Germanic mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Continental Germanic mythology</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%AC%A7%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99" title="北欧多神教">诺斯</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="古希臘宗教">古希臘宗教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%96%AF%E5%BA%95%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="諾斯底主義">諾斯底主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%9F%8F%E6%8B%89%E5%9B%BE%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="新柏拉图主义">新柏拉图主义</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%BC%E6%95%99" title="摩尼教">摩尼教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E5%89%8D%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="史前巴尔干神话">巴尔干</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="古羅馬宗教">古羅馬宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1" title="斯拉夫神話">斯拉夫</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99" title="斯拉夫多神教">東斯拉夫</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><hr /></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style=";;;;;"><div id="主题" class="" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">主题</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">方面</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%9B%E6%95%99" title="叛教">叛教</a> / <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="离教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Religious disaffiliation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A6%BB%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="离教(页面不存在)">离教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_disaffiliation" class="extiw" title="en:Religious disaffiliation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Religious disaffiliation</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教行为" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Religious behaviour"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教行为(页面不存在)">行为</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_behaviour" class="extiw" title="en:Religious behaviour"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Religious behaviour</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="宗教">宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E8%81%8C%E8%80%85" title="圣职者">圣职者</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B9%E5%AE%97" title="改宗">转化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E" title="神">神灵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%87%B4%E5%B9%BB%E5%8A%91" title="宗教致幻劑">宗教致幻劑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE" title="教派">教派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="信仰">信仰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E7%84%B0%E5%B4%87%E6%8B%9C" title="火焰崇拜">火焰崇拜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E_(%E4%B8%80%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99)" title="神 (一神教)">神</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%A5%E6%83%B3" title="冥想">冥想</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E8%A1%8C%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="修行制度">修行制度</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E5%AE%B6%E4%BA%BA" title="出家人">修士</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E5%A5%B3" title="修女">修女</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%A7%98%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="神秘主義">神秘主義</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教与神话" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Religion and mythology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教与神话(页面不存在)">神话</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_and_mythology" class="extiw" title="en:Religion and mythology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Religion and mythology</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%B4%87%E6%8B%9C" title="自然崇拜">自然崇拜</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="圣职授任" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ordination"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A3%E8%81%8C%E6%8E%88%E4%BB%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圣职授任(页面不存在)">圣职授任</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordination" class="extiw" title="en:Ordination"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ordination</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E7%B5%B1_(%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0)" title="正統 (信仰)">正统</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="正行 (信仰)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Orthopraxy"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%A3%E8%A1%8C_(%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="正行 (信仰)(页面不存在)">正行</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthopraxy" class="extiw" title="en:Orthopraxy"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Orthopraxy</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%B7%E5%91%8A" title="祷告">祷告</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%B6%93%E9%A9%97" title="宗教經驗">宗教体验</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%AA%E5%BC%8F" title="仪式">仪式</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%AE%E6%8B%9C%E5%84%80%E5%BC%8F" title="禮拜儀式">禮拜儀式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%BA%E7%89%B2" title="牺牲">牺牲</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E6%80%A7" title="靈性">靈性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%8E%B0%E8%B1%A1" title="超自然现象">超自然</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教符号" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Religious symbolism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教符号(页面不存在)">符号</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_symbolism" class="extiw" title="en:Religious symbolism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Religious symbolism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教真理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Religious views on truth"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%9C%9F%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教真理(页面不存在)">真理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_views_on_truth" class="extiw" title="en:Religious views on truth"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Religious views on truth</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="水与宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Water and religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E4%B8%8E%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水与宗教(页面不存在)">水</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_and_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Water and religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Water and religion</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%87%E6%8B%9C" title="崇拜">崇拜</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="有神论">有神论</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E9%9D%88%E8%AB%96" title="泛靈論">泛靈論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="自然神论">自然神论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%83%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="二元论">二元论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="主神论">主神论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96" title="一神論">一神論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%9C%89%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="非有神论">非有神论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E6%9C%89%E5%9C%A8%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96" title="萬有在神論">万有在神论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="泛神论">泛神论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="多神论">多神论</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="超越神论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Transtheism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B6%85%E8%B6%8A%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="超越神论(页面不存在)">超越神论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transtheism" class="extiw" title="en:Transtheism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Transtheism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="无神论">无神论</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="世俗主义">世俗主义</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="反宗教">反宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="自然神论">自然神论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E7%9F%A5%E8%AE%BA" title="不可知论">不可知论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA" title="无神论">无神论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9E%E8%A1%8C%E9%9D%A2%E6%9D%A1%E6%80%AA%E7%89%A9" title="飞行面条怪物">飞行面条怪物</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="人文犹太教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Humanistic Judaism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E7%8A%B9%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人文犹太教(页面不存在)">人文犹太教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_Judaism" class="extiw" title="en:Humanistic Judaism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Humanistic Judaism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li>无属</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%84%A1%E7%A5%9E%E8%AB%96" title="新無神論">新無神論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%BA%E4%B8%96%E8%AE%BA" title="顺世论">順世派</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="拉维撒旦主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="LaVeyan Satanism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4%E6%92%92%E6%97%A6%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="拉维撒旦主义(页面不存在)">拉维撒旦主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaVeyan_Satanism" class="extiw" title="en:LaVeyan Satanism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">LaVeyan Satanism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教与解构主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Deconstruction and religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%84%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教与解构主义(页面不存在)">解构主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deconstruction_and_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Deconstruction and religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Deconstruction and religion</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="各国无宗教状况" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Irreligion by country"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%A0%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%8A%B6%E5%86%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="各国无宗教状况(页面不存在)">各国无宗教状况</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreligion_by_country" class="extiw" title="en:Irreligion by country"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Irreligion by country</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E8%A7%80%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="客觀主義">客觀主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="世俗人文主义">世俗人文主义</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="世俗神学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Secular theology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="世俗神学(页面不存在)">世俗神学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secular_theology" class="extiw" title="en:Secular theology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Secular theology</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E4%BF%97%E5%8C%96" title="世俗化">世俗化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%95%99%E5%88%86%E7%A6%BB" title="政教分离">政教分离</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99#宗教的批判" title="宗教">批判</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%8F%E6%98%8E%E7%B2%89%E7%B4%85%E7%8D%A8%E8%A7%92%E7%8D%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="透明粉紅獨角獸">透明粉紅獨角獸</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%AD%A6" title="宗教学">宗教学</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%AD%A6" title="宗教人类学">宗教人类学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教认知科学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cognitive science of religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%AE%A4%E7%9F%A5%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教认知科学(页面不存在)">认知科学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_science_of_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Cognitive science of religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cognitive science of religion</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%AF%94%E8%BC%83" title="宗教比較">比较学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%8F%B2" title="宗教史">宗教史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%9A%84%E9%80%B2%E5%8C%96%E8%B5%B7%E6%BA%90" title="宗教的進化起源">宗教的進化起源</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="宗教演化心理學">宗教演化心理学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="宗教哲学">哲学</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教神经学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Neurotheology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教神经学(页面不存在)">神经学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotheology" class="extiw" title="en:Neurotheology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Neurotheology</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="宗教心理學">宗教心理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="宗教社会学">宗教社会学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="神學">神學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教理论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Theories of religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教理论(页面不存在)">理论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theories_of_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Theories of religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Theories of religion</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="女性与宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Women and religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%8E%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="女性与宗教(页面不存在)">女性</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_and_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Women and religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Women and religion</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83" title="Category:宗教與社會">宗教与社会</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教与农业" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Religion and agriculture"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教与农业(页面不存在)">农业</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_and_agriculture" class="extiw" title="en:Religion and agriculture"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Religion and agriculture</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教与经济" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Religion and business"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教与经济(页面不存在)">经济</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_and_business" class="extiw" title="en:Religion and business"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Religion and business</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E8%81%8C%E8%80%85" title="圣职者">圣职者</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%AE%E9%81%93" class="mw-disambig" title="修道">修行制度</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="圣职授任" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ordination"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A3%E8%81%8C%E6%8E%88%E4%BB%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圣职授任(页面不存在)">圣职授任</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordination" class="extiw" title="en:Ordination"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ordination</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B9%E5%AE%97" title="改宗">转化</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3" title="傳福音">傳福音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E6%95%99%E5%A3%AB" title="传教士">传教士</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%B8%E8%AA%98%E6%94%B9%E5%AE%97" title="勸誘改宗">勸誘改宗</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教教育" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Religious education"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教教育(页面不存在)">教育</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_education" class="extiw" title="en:Religious education"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Religious education</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%8B%82%E7%83%AD" title="宗教狂热">狂热</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1" title="宗教自由">自由</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%83%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="宗教多元主义">多元主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%9C%E6%94%9D" title="綜攝">綜攝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%BD%E5%AE%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="宽容">宽容</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E4%B8%96%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="普世主义">普世主义</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E6%95%99%E6%97%A8%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="原教旨主義">原教旨主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E6%9C%80%E5%BF%AB%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="发展最快的宗教">发展</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E5%B9%B8%E7%A6%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="宗教与幸福">幸福</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%88%87%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7%E6%88%80" title="宗教與同性戀">同性恋</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="少数群体宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Minority religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B0%E7%BE%A4%E4%BD%93%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="少数群体宗教(页面不存在)">少数群体</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minority_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Minority religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Minority religion</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="民族教會">民族教會</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="各国宗教重要程度" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Importance of religion by country"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E9%87%8D%E8%A6%81%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="各国宗教重要程度(页面不存在)">各国信仰程度</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Importance_of_religion_by_country" class="extiw" title="en:Importance of religion by country"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Importance of religion by country</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教政治科学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Political science of religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教政治科学(页面不存在)">政治科学</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_science_of_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Political science of religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Political science of religion</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="宗教人口列表">人口</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="教派分裂">教派分裂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="宗教与科学">科学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%95%99" title="國教">国家</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E6%9D%83%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="神权政治">神权政治</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教与素食主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vegetarianism and religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E7%B4%A0%E9%A3%9F%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教与素食主义(页面不存在)">素食主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetarianism_and_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Vegetarianism and religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vegetarianism and religion</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教中心主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Religiocentrism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教中心主义(页面不存在)">宗教中心主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religiocentrism" class="extiw" title="en:Religiocentrism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Religiocentrism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%9A%B4%E5%8A%9B" title="宗教暴力">暴力</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%BF%AB%E5%AE%B3" title="宗教迫害">迫害</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教恐怖主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Religious terrorism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%81%90%E6%80%96%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教恐怖主义(页面不存在)">恐怖主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_terrorism" class="extiw" title="en:Religious terrorism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Religious terrorism</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="宗教战争">战争</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教与财富" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Wealth and religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%B8%8E%E8%B4%A2%E5%AF%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教与财富(页面不存在)">财富</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wealth_and_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Wealth and religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Wealth and religion</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E9%87%8D%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%BA%AB%E4%BB%BD%E8%AA%8D%E5%90%8C" title="多重宗教身份認同">多重宗教身份認同</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="世界基督教">世界基督教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6" title="政治神学">政治神学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%B8" title="公共神學">公共神學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E4%BB%A3%E4%BF%A1%E5%BE%92" title="第二代信徒">第二代信徒</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">概观<br />及<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%9B%B8%E9%97%9C%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="Category:宗教相關列表">列表</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教相关条目索引" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Index of religion-related articles"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教相关条目索引(页面不存在)">索引</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_religion-related_articles" class="extiw" title="en:Index of religion-related articles"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Index of religion-related articles</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教概述" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教概述(页面不存在)">概述</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of religion</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="宗教年表">年表</a></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亚伯拉罕诸教先知列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Table of prophets of Abrahamic religions"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E4%BC%AF%E6%8B%89%E7%BD%95%E8%AF%B8%E6%95%99%E5%85%88%E7%9F%A5%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚伯拉罕诸教先知列表(页面不存在)">亚伯拉罕诸教先知</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_of_prophets_of_Abrahamic_religions" class="extiw" title="en:Table of prophets of Abrahamic religions"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Table of prophets of Abrahamic religions</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%AB%E7%A5%9E%E5%8C%96%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="被神化的人列表">神化</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="神列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of deities"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="神列表(页面不存在)">神</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_deities" class="extiw" title="en:List of deities"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of deities</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%88%9B%E5%A7%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="主要宗教创始人列表">创始人</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="史上最大和平集会列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of largest peaceful gatherings in history"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%8A%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E9%9B%86%E4%BC%9A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="史上最大和平集会列表(页面不存在)">大型集会</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_peaceful_gatherings_in_history" class="extiw" title="en:List of largest peaceful gatherings in history"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of largest peaceful gatherings in history</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="新兴宗教运动列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of new religious movements"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E5%85%B4%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新兴宗教运动列表(页面不存在)">新兴宗教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_new_religious_movements" class="extiw" title="en:List of new religious movements"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of new religious movements</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教组织列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of religious organizations"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教组织列表(页面不存在)">宗教组织</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_religious_organizations" class="extiw" title="en:List of religious organizations"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of religious organizations</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教及传统" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of religions and spiritual traditions"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%8F%8A%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教及传统(页面不存在)">宗教及传统</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" class="extiw" title="en:List of religions and spiritual traditions"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of religions and spiritual traditions</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="宗教学学者列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of religious studies scholars"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%AD%A6%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教学学者列表(页面不存在)">学者</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_religious_studies_scholars" class="extiw" title="en:List of religious studies scholars"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of religious studies scholars</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="Category:宗教">类目</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="Portal:宗教">主题</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" 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href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95" title="中华人民共和国宪法">宪法</a> <ul><li><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95" class="extiw" title="s:zh:中华人民共和国宪法">原文</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%A9%9A%E5%A7%BB%E6%B3%95" title="中华人民共和国婚姻法">婚姻法</a> <ul><li><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%A9%9A%E5%A7%BB%E6%B3%95" class="extiw" title="s:zh:中华人民共和国婚姻法">原文</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="中华人民共和国教育法">教育法</a> <ul><li><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E6%B3%95" class="extiw" title="s:zh:中华人民共和国教育法">原文</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1%E6%9D%A1%E4%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教事务条例(页面不存在)">宗教事务条例</a> <ul><li><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1%E6%9D%A1%E4%BE%8B" class="extiw" title="s:zh:中华人民共和国宗教事务条例">原文</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E6%B8%97%E9%80%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宗教渗透(页面不存在)">反渗透</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="中国基督教">基督教</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%87%AA%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="三自爱国教会">独立自主自办教会原则</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">有关部门</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E6%88%98%E7%BA%BF%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E9%83%A8" title="中国共产党中央委员会统一战线工作部">中共中央统一战线工作部</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1%E5%B1%80" title="国家宗教事务局">国家宗教事务局</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%B1%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%94%BF%E6%B3%95%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="中共中央政法委员会">中共中央政法委员会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%89%E9%83%A8" title="中华人民共和国公安部">中华人民共和国公安部</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E6%80%BB%E5%B1%80%E5%81%A5%E8%BA%AB%E6%B0%94%E5%8A%9F%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国家体育总局健身气功管理中心(页面不存在)">国家体育总局健身气功管理中心</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">官方组织</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%8D%8F%E5%95%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%92%8C%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会民族和宗教委员会">全国政协民族和宗教委员会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%95%8C%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="中国宗教界和平委员会">中国宗教界和平委员会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A" title="中国宗教学会">中国宗教学会</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%A0%E7%A5%9E%E8%AE%BA%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中国无神论学会(页面不存在)">中国无神论学会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%8D%E9%82%AA%E6%95%99%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A" title="中国反邪教协会">中国反邪教协会</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%AF%E9%A3%8E%E7%BD%91" title="凯风网">凯风网</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">全国性<br />合法<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="宗教">宗教</a><br />及其<a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E6%80%A7%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%9B%A2%E4%BD%93" title="Category:中华人民共和国全国性宗教团体">团体</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E9%99%A2%E6%A0%A1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中国大陆宗教院校列表">院校</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">道教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A" title="中国道教协会"><b>中国道教协会</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%81%93%E8%A7%82" title="Category:道观">道观</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E5%90%8D%E5%B1%B1" title="道教名山">名山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E9%87%8D%E7%82%B9%E5%AE%AB%E8%A7%82" title="道教全国重点宫观">重点宫观</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="中国佛教">佛教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A" title="中国佛教协会"><b>中国佛教协会</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E8%AE%BA%E5%9D%9B" title="世界佛教论坛">世界佛教论坛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%90%8D%E5%B1%B1" title="四大佛教名山">名山</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AF%BA%E9%99%A2%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中国寺院列表(页面不存在)">寺院</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E5%9E%8B%E9%9C%B2%E5%A4%A9%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E9%80%A0%E5%83%8F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中国大型露天宗教造像列表(页面不存在)">佛像</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E4%BC%A0%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="汉传佛教">汉传佛教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%97%8F%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E9%87%8D%E7%82%B9%E5%AF%BA%E9%99%A2" title="汉族地区佛教全国重点寺院">重点寺院</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a 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style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>“<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A4%E4%BC%9A_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89)" class="mw-disambig" title="两会 (消歧义)">两会</a>”:<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E4%B8%89%E8%87%AA%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%BD%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="中国基督教三自爱国运动委员会">全国三自</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A" title="中国基督教协会">中国基督教协会</a></b><small>(<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E4%BC%9A" title="爱德基金会">爱德基金会</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="南京爱德印刷有限公司">爱德印刷公司</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E9%99%B5%E5%8D%8F%E5%92%8C%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="金陵协和神学院">金陵协和神学院</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%87%AA%E7%88%B1%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="三自爱国教会">三自教会</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="中国新教地下教会">地下教会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E8%87%AA%E7%AB%8B%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="中國自立教會">中国自立教会</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="地方教会">地方教会</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="真耶稣教会">真耶稣教会</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%81%AF%E6%97%A5%E4%BC%9A%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" title="安息日会在中国">安息日会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%87%AA%E5%AE%A3%E8%A8%80" title="三自宣言">《三自宣言》</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8C%AE%E5%A0%82%E7%8C%AE%E5%BA%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="献堂献庙(页面不存在)">献堂献庙</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E7%A4%BC%E6%8B%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="联合礼拜(页面不存在)">联合礼拜</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A7%E8%AF%89%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="控诉运动">控诉运动</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%9E%E7%BE%8E%E8%AF%97%EF%BC%88%E6%96%B0%E7%BC%96%EF%BC%89" title="赞美诗(新编)">《赞美诗(新编)》</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中国基督教神学思想建设(页面不存在)">神学思想建设</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E5%A0%82" title="Category:中国新教教堂">教堂</a>、<a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99%E7%A5%9E%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%E6%A0%A1" title="Category:中国基督教新教神学院校">神学院校</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">非全国性<br />合法宗教<br />及其团体</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="東正教會">东正教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="中华东正教会">中华东正教会</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%91%E9%BE%99%E6%B1%9F%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黑龙江东正教(页面不存在)">黑龙江</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E6%BB%A8%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99" title="哈尔滨东正教">哈尔滨</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%85%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="内蒙古东正教(页面不存在)">内蒙古</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="新疆东正教(页面不存在)">新疆</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北京东正教(页面不存在)">北京</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%9C%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="上海东正教(页面不存在)">上海</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E6%99%AE%E4%B8%96%E5%AE%97%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E8%81%96%E7%B5%B1%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%8F%8A%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9E%E9%83%BD%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E5%8D%80" title="正教會普世宗主教聖統香港及東南亞都主教教區">香港</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%AE%89%E9%81%93%E8%81%96%E4%BA%BA_(%E6%9D%B1%E6%AD%A3%E6%95%99)" title="中華殉道聖人 (東正教)">中华殉道圣人</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">少数民族<br />传统宗教及信仰</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E6%BB%A1%E6%95%99" title="萨满教">萨满教</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%A1%E6%97%8F" title="满族">满族</a>|<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%97%8F" title="蒙古族">蒙古族</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF%E6%95%99" title="苯教">苯教</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F" title="藏族">藏族</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%9B%E7%8E%9B%E6%95%99" title="赛玛教">赛玛教</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A4%E6%97%8F" title="佤族">佤族</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="本主教">本主教</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E6%97%8F" title="白族">白族</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E6%91%A9%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="毕摩教">毕摩教</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%9D%E6%97%8F" title="彝族">彝族</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%B7%B4%E6%95%99" title="東巴教">东巴教</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%8F" title="纳西族">纳西族</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%88%E5%85%AC%E6%95%99" title="师公教">师公教</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AE%E6%97%8F" title="壮族">壮族</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%BD%E6%95%99" title="麽教">麽教</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%AE%E6%97%8F" title="壮族">壮族</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%95%99" title="摩教">摩教</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E4%BE%9D%E6%97%8F" title="布依族">布依族</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8C%E6%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="羌族傳統信仰">羌族传统信仰</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8C%E6%97%8F" title="羌族">羌族</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%B6%E6%97%8F%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="瑶族道教">瑶族道教</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%B6%E6%97%8F" title="瑶族">瑶族</a>)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="苗族传统信仰" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Miao folk religion"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%97%E6%97%8F%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苗族传统信仰(页面不存在)">苗族传统信仰</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miao_folk_religion" class="extiw" title="en:Miao folk religion"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Miao folk religion</span></a></span>)</span></span>(<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E6%97%8F" title="苗族">苗族</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">汉族传统宗教</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%94%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="孔教">孔教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%AD%94%E6%95%99%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2" title="香港孔教學院">香港</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E5%AD%94%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="澳門孔教會(页面不存在)">澳門</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B7%B1%E5%9C%B3%E5%AD%94%E8%81%96%E5%A0%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="深圳孔聖堂(页面不存在)">深圳</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%80%E6%95%99" title="三一教">三一教</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%86%E7%94%B0%E5%B8%82%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%80%E6%95%99%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莆田市三一教协会(页面不存在)">福建</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E9%97%B4%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="中国民间信仰">中国民间信仰</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%91%E9%97%B4%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="中国民间信仰">中国民间信仰</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他信仰<br />及其组织</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E5%AE%97%E6%B3%95%E6%80%A7%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="中國傳統宗法性宗教">中國傳統宗法性宗教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E6%95%99" title="儒教">儒教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E5%AE%B6" title="墨家">墨教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%A5%95%E5%AF%86%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="中國祕密宗教">中國祕密宗教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%95%99" title="羅教">羅教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E5%A4%A9%E9%81%93" title="先天道">先天道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E8%B2%AB%E9%81%93" title="一貫道">一貫道</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E4%BA%BA" title="中國猶太人">犹太教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中國大陸神社列表">神道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%BC%E6%95%99" title="摩尼教">摩尼教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%88%BE%E9%96%80%E6%95%99" title="摩爾門教">摩门教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%BA%AA%E5%85%83%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="新纪元运动">新纪元运动</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B7%B4%E5%93%88%E4%BC%8A%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" title="中国巴哈伊信仰">巴哈伊信仰</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中国印度教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hinduism in China"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中国印度教(页面不存在)">中国印度教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Hinduism in China"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hinduism in China</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="中国锡克教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Sikhism in China"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%94%A1%E5%85%8B%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中国锡克教(页面不存在)">中国锡克教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhism_in_China" class="extiw" title="en:Sikhism in China"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sikhism in China</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">非法教派<br />或团体</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="行政认定的邪教" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E8%AE%A4%E5%AE%9A%E7%9A%84%E9%82%AA%E6%95%99%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中华人民共和国政府认定的邪教组织列表">行政认定<br />的邪教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%84%E4%BD%9B%E5%A4%96%E9%81%93" title="附佛外道">相关</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%80%E9%9F%B3%E6%B3%95%E9%96%80_(%E6%96%B0%E8%88%88%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99)" title="觀音法門 (新興宗教)">觀音法門</a>(派生:<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%86%E9%A1%BF%E6%B3%95%E9%97%A8" title="圆顿法门">圆顿法门</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E4%BD%9B%E5%AE%97" title="真佛宗">灵仙真佛宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E8%97%8F%E5%AE%97%E9%97%A8" title="华藏宗门">华藏宗门</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E7%81%B5%E6%B3%95%E9%97%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="心灵法门">心灵法门</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" title="新教">新教</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B0%E7%AB%AF" title="異端">異端</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E5%96%8A%E6%B4%BE" title="呼喊派">呼喊派</a>(派生:<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%AC%E6%9C%83%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="地方召會運動">地方召會運動</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="地方教会">地方教会</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%89%A7%E4%BA%8B%E7%AB%99" title="中华大陆行政执事站">中华大陆行政执事站</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E8%83%BD%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="全能神教會">全能神教會/东方闪电</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A2%AB%E7%AB%8B%E7%8E%8B" title="被立王">被立王</a>及其派生的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E7%A5%9E%E6%95%99" title="主神教">主神教</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%B5%8E%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3" title="三赎基督">门徒会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BE" title="重生派">全范围教会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B5%E7%81%B5%E6%95%99" title="灵灵教">灵灵教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%B4%84%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83" title="新約教會">新约教会</a>(派生:<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E6%B0%B4%E5%9C%A3%E7%81%B5" title="血水圣灵">血水圣灵</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E6%95%99" title="統一教">統一教</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%8F%AD%E4%BB%86%E4%BA%BA" title="三班仆人">三班仆人派</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B" title="家庭國際">天父的儿女</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E7%B1%B3%E5%AE%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="达米宣教会">达米宣教会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%BB%A5%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E7%A6%8F%E9%9F%B3%E5%AE%A3%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="世界以利亚福音宣教会">世界以利亚福音宣教会</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E8%AE%A4%E5%AE%9A%E7%9A%84%E9%82%AA%E6%95%99%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中华人民共和国政府认定的邪教组织列表">法院认定<br />的邪教</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%BD%AE%E5%8A%9F" title="法轮功">法轮功</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E8%97%8F%E5%AE%97%E9%97%A8" title="华藏宗门">华藏宗门(华藏功)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B6%E6%B2%B3%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6" title="银河联邦">银河联邦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%88%E6%B0%94%E5%8A%9F" title="日月气功">日月气功</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E7%A6%85%E9%99%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="生命禅院(页面不存在)">生命禅院</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%80%E7%A9%BA%E6%B3%95%E5%B8%88" class="mw-redirect" title="净空法师">净宗学会</a></li> <li>部分<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%8B%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A" title="中国新教地下教会">基督教家庭教會</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%8A%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="氣功">氣功</a>团体</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%BD%AE%E5%8A%9F" title="法轮功">法轮功</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E5%85%BB%E7%94%9F%E7%9B%8A%E6%99%BA%E5%8A%9F" title="中华养生益智功">中功</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E8%97%8F%E5%AE%97%E9%97%A8" title="华藏宗门">华藏功</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%88%E6%B0%94%E5%8A%9F" title="日月气功">日月气功</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="四大道教名山" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#292929;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E5%90%8D%E5%B1%B1" title="Template:四大道教名山"><abbr title="查看该模板" style="color:white">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E5%90%8D%E5%B1%B1" title="Template talk:四大道教名山"><abbr title="讨论该模板" style="color:white">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E5%90%8D%E5%B1%B1" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:四大道教名山"><abbr title="编辑该模板" style="color:white">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="四大道教名山" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99%E5%90%8D%E5%B1%B1" title="道教名山"><span style="background:#292929;color:white;">四大道教名山</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%BD%93%E5%B1%B1" title="武当山">武当山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%9F%8E%E5%B1%B1" title="青城山">青城山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%99%E8%99%8E%E5%B1%B1" title="龙虎山">龙虎山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%90%E4%BA%91%E5%B1%B1_(%E9%BB%84%E5%B1%B1%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89)" title="齐云山 (黄山山脉)">齐云山</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9598#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9598#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9598#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85132392">美国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00561675">日本</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="taoismus"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph116400&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">学术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300143666">AAT</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=23633">现代乌克兰百科全书</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/taoculuk">伊斯兰百科全书</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐5dc468848‐wb7jj Cached time: 20241124085946 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.750 seconds Real time usage: 2.223 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 17962/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 590044/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 18124/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 34/100 Expensive parser function count: 141/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 149868/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.695/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 9385470/52428800 bytes Number of 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