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class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E9%86%AE" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span 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accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-字義" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#字義"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>字義</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-字義-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-種類" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#種類"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>種類</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-種類-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-民間醮典習俗" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#民間醮典習俗"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>民間醮典習俗</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-民間醮典習俗-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-研究書目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#研究書目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>研究書目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-研究書目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关外部連結子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-特定醮典" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#特定醮典"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>特定醮典</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-特定醮典-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">醮</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。2种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-2" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">2种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%86%AE" title="醮 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="醮" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%AC%EC%B4%88" title="재초 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="재초" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6501726#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AE" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E9%86%AE" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E9%86%AE" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E9%86%AE" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E9%86%AE" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E9%86%AE" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E9%86%AE" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E9%86%AE" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E9%86%AE" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E9%86%AE" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E9%86%AE" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AE"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%86%AE&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%86%AE&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AE"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%86%AE&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%86%AE&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E9%86%AE" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E9%86%AE" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%86%AE&oldid=79926699" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%86%AE&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E9%86%AE&id=79926699&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E9%2586%25AE"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E9%2586%25AE"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E9%86%AE&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jiu_Festival" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6501726" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button 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typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2017年8月27日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E9%86%AE&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>，<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能會因為<a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">异议提出</a>而被移除。<br />致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%E9%86%AE%22">"醮"</a> — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?q=%22%E9%86%AE%22">网页</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-press+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22%E9%86%AE%22">新闻</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_pub=-icon&q=%22%E9%86%AE%22">书籍</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?&q=%22%E9%86%AE%22">学术</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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data-file-width="1478" data-file-height="1108" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%8A%95%E7%B8%A3" title="南投縣">南投縣</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%94%E9%87%8C%E9%8E%AE" title="埔里鎮">埔里鎮</a>建醮醮壇</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%9F%94%E9%87%8C%E5%BB%BA%E9%86%AE2020_33.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/%E5%9F%94%E9%87%8C%E5%BB%BA%E9%86%AE2020_33.jpg/220px-%E5%9F%94%E9%87%8C%E5%BB%BA%E9%86%AE2020_33.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/%E5%9F%94%E9%87%8C%E5%BB%BA%E9%86%AE2020_33.jpg/330px-%E5%9F%94%E9%87%8C%E5%BB%BA%E9%86%AE2020_33.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/%E5%9F%94%E9%87%8C%E5%BB%BA%E9%86%AE2020_33.jpg/440px-%E5%9F%94%E9%87%8C%E5%BB%BA%E9%86%AE2020_33.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1108" data-file-height="1478" /></a><figcaption>2020年12月埔里建醮大典</figcaption></figure> <p><b>醮</b>或<b>醮典</b>為<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="道教">道教</a>祭典儀式。舉行醮典亦稱<b>打醮</b>、<b>建醮</b>、<b>造醮</b>或<b>齋蘸</b>。醮的種類很多，如禳災祈福為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BD%8B%E8%98%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="齋蘸（页面不存在）">齋蘸</a>，最著名的就是武則天的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%98%E6%89%8B%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="三官手書">三官手書</a>；祈求神明庇佑的叫“<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%86%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="清醮">清醮</a>”又稱為“<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%88%E5%AE%89%E9%86%AE" title="祈安醮">祈安醮</a>”；為慶祝寺廟或相關建築物落成的“<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%85%B6%E6%88%90%E9%86%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="慶成醮（页面不存在）">慶成醮</a>”；祭拜瘟神的叫“<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%98%9F%E9%86%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瘟醮（页面不存在）">瘟醮</a>”；<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%BA%A6" title="超度">超度</a>死於水火亡魂的是“<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E9%86%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水醮（页面不存在）">水醮</a>”或“<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%81%AB%E9%86%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="火醮（页面不存在）">火醮</a>”。此外，尚有為神明祝壽的“<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%9E%E8%AA%95%E9%86%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="神誕醮（页面不存在）">神誕醮</a>”和佛教盂蘭盆會混合而成的“<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%83%E9%86%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="中元醮">中元醮</a>”等。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="字義"><span id=".E5.AD.97.E7.BE.A9"></span>字義</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%86%AE&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：字義"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>《<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%B4%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="说文">說文</a>》：「醮，冠娶福祭。」《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E9%9B%85" class="mw-redirect" title="博雅">博雅</a>》：「醮，祭也。」《<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%94%90%E8%B5%8B" title="高唐赋">高唐賦</a>》提到祭祀時：「進純犧，禱琁室。醮諸神，禮太一。」《<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="隋書">隋書</a>·經籍志》：「夜中於星辰之下，陳放酒脯、餅餌、幣物，歷祀<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="天皇">天皇</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%80" title="太一">太乙</a>，祀五星列宿，為書如<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E7%AB%A0" title="上章">上章</a>之儀以奏之，名之為醮。」 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%86%AE&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>漢之後，醮成為<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="道教">道教</a>的重要儀式，許多道教的典籍都有記載醮儀。史書上亦有許多關於醮事的記載，例如《ˋ書卷七·志第二·禮儀二》：「大業中，<a href="/wiki/%E7%85%AC%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="煬帝">煬帝</a>因幸晉陽，遂祭恒ˋ知岳。其禮頗採高祖拜岱宗儀，增置二壇，命道士女官數十人，於壝中設醮。」到了明末所撰的《<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%AD%97%E9%80%9A" title="正字通">正字通</a>》中，「醮」字的知釋更顯醮和道教的關係：「凡僧道設壇祈禱曰醮。」 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="明代">明代</a>之後，民間醮典已不一定和道教有關。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="種類"><span id=".E7.A8.AE.E9.A1.9E"></span>種類</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%86%AE&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：種類"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%95%99" title="道教">道教</a>上，醮分清醮（陽醮）和幽醮（陰醮），前者主要目的為祈福、慶賀，後者則意在<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E6%B8%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="超渡">超渡</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A1%E9%9D%88" class="mw-redirect" title="亡靈">亡靈</a>。<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050124071743/http://www.cc.nctu.edu.tw/~jindan/discuss.cgi?fname=digest">[1]</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%BB%E4%B8%96%E6%98%8E%E8%A8%80" title="喻世明言">喻世明言</a>·第二十四卷楊思溫燕山逢故人》就提到幽醮一詞：「（金陵土星觀觀主劉金壇）吩咐一面安排做九幽醮，且請眾官到裡面看靈芝。」 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>，醮典主要稱為「<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B8%85%E9%86%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="太平清醮">太平清醮</a>」。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣">臺灣</a>，醮多於冬天舉行，有「<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E5%86%AC" title="立冬">立冬</a>之後打大醮」的說法。除了有定期醮典外，亦有因各種特殊原因而有的，如： </p> <ul><li>水醮、火醮：因有關災害發生了而舉行，附屬清醮或王醮。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%83%E7%AF%80" title="中元節">中元</a>醮：普渡亡靈。</li> <li>瘟王王船醮：多在南部有<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E7%88%BA%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="王爺信仰">王爺信仰</a>的地區舉行，驅瘟逐疫之王爺醮，迎接代天巡狩下凡主持。</li> <li>慶成醮：慶祝建築物（多為廟宇）落成。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%93%E9%86%AE" title="圓醮">圓醮</a>：主醮祭後舉行。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E5%8D%97" class="mw-redirect" title="臺南">臺南</a>每年冬天舉辦建醮大典，有分三年一次，五年一次，九年一次，甚至十二年以上皆有</li></ul> <p>按日子長短，有一／二／三／五／七／九朝醮。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="民間醮典習俗"><span id=".E6.B0.91.E9.96.93.E9.86.AE.E5.85.B8.E7.BF.92.E4.BF.97"></span>民間醮典習俗</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%86%AE&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：民間醮典習俗"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fluttercolour.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Fluttercolour.jpg/220px-Fluttercolour.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Fluttercolour.jpg/330px-Fluttercolour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Fluttercolour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>長洲太平清醮<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%84%E8%89%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="飄色">飄色</a>巡遊</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%8B%E6%88%92" title="齋戒">齋戒</a></li> <li>百足真人<a href="/wiki/%E8%9C%88%E8%9A%A3%E9%99%A3" title="蜈蚣陣">蜈蚣陣</a>（臺灣<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%80%9B%E4%BA%94%E5%A4%A7%E9%A6%99" class="mw-redirect" title="南瀛五大香">南瀛五大香</a>）／<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%84%E8%89%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="飄色">飄色</a>（香港長洲）：以兒童裝扮成歷史人物巡遊</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%B2%E9%A6%99" title="進香">進香</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%8A%9F%E6%88%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="神功戲">神功戲</a>（以<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E5%8A%87" title="粵劇">粵劇</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%89%A7" title="潮剧">潮劇</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E5%AD%97%E6%88%B2" title="白字戲">白字戲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%8C%E4%BB%94%E6%88%B2" title="歌仔戲">歌仔戲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%8C%E4%B8%AD%E6%88%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="掌中戏">掌中戲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%80%E5%84%A1%E6%88%B2" title="傀儡戲">傀儡戲</a>等）表演</li> <li>搭醮壇</li> <li>豎燈篙（<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>稱「豎幡」）：請天地鬼神參加醮典</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E6%B8%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="普渡">普渡</a></li> <li>祭<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E8%88%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="王船">王船</a>（王船祭）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%86%AE&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200919225326/https://www.chiculture.net/1302/html/1302festivals_f05.shtml">打醮</a>. 香港傳統節誕專號. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-04-01</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chiculture.net/1302/html/1302festivals_f05.shtml">原始内容</a>存档于2020-09-19）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%86%AE&rft.btitle=%E6%89%93%E9%86%AE&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1%E7%AF%80%E8%AA%95%E5%B0%88%E8%99%9F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chiculture.net%2F1302%2Fhtml%2F1302festivals_f05.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="研究書目"><span id=".E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6.E6.9B.B8.E7.9B.AE"></span>研究書目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%86%AE&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：研究書目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>呂鵬志：《唐前道教儀式史綱》（北京：中華書局，2008）。</li> <li>蔡志祥，2000，《打醮：香港的節日與地方社會》，香港<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%81%AF%E6%9B%B8%E5%BA%97" class="mw-disambig" title="三聯書店">三聯書店</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9620416708" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9620416708</a></li> <li>Bokenkamp, Stephen（柏夷）著，林欣儀譯：〈<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.litphil.sinica.edu.tw/home/publish/PDF/Newsletter/70/70-21-33.pdf">麻布與灰――塗炭齋中的自我與家族</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150105202824/http://www.litphil.sinica.edu.tw/home/publish/PDF/Newsletter/70/70-21-33.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）〉。</li> <li>吕鹏志：〈<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nssd.org/articles/Article_Read.aspx?id=38788691">灵寶六斋考</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200815162031/http://www.nssd.org/articles/Article_Read.aspx?id=38788691">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）〉。</li> <li>譚偉倫：〈<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nansha.schina.ust.hk/Article_DB/sites/default/files/pubs/Jour-03.2.A05.pdf">中國東南部醮儀之四種形態</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180204182406/http://nansha.schina.ust.hk/Article_DB/sites/default/files/pubs/Jour-03.2.A05.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）〉。</li> <li>譚偉倫：〈<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ha.cuhk.edu.hk/Papers%202011/54.pdf">粤北及赣西北山区乡村醮仪的佛教元素</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170906135135/http://www.ha.cuhk.edu.hk/Papers%202011/54.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）〉。</li> <li>劉枝萬：〈<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.his.ncku.edu.tw/chinese/uploadeds/1-04.pdf">臺灣南部何以多醮</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170305002221/http://www.his.ncku.edu.tw/chinese/uploadeds/1-04.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）〉。</li> <li>賴宗賢：〈<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.daoist.org/BookSearch/BookSearch/list014/r4-036.pdf">台灣的醮祭與符咒</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180203124739/http://www.daoist.org/BookSearch/BookSearch/list014/r4-036.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）〉。</li> <li>卜永堅等：〈<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ha.cuhk.edu.hk/Papers%202014/53.PUK%20Wing%20Kin%20(with%20Liu%20Yonghua%20and%20Wu%20Nengchang).%20Religious%20rituals,%20local%20society,%20historical%E3%80%88%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%84%80%E5%BC%8F%EF%BC%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%EF%BC%8E%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E8%84%89%E7%B5%A1%EF%BC%9A%E5%A9%BA%E6%BA%90.pdf">宗教儀式．地域社會．歷史脈絡：婺源縣玉坦村2009年11月仙水老爺醮考察報告</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170906135157/http://www.ha.cuhk.edu.hk/Papers%202014/53.PUK%20Wing%20Kin%20(with%20Liu%20Yonghua%20and%20Wu%20Nengchang).%20Religious%20rituals,%20local%20society,%20historical%E3%80%88%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E5%84%80%E5%BC%8F%EF%BC%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%EF%BC%8E%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E8%84%89%E7%B5%A1%EF%BC%9A%E5%A9%BA%E6%BA%90.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）〉。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%86%AE&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jiali.tacocity.com.tw/fo6.html">佳里刈香情：醮典卷</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200809045821/http://jiali.tacocity.com.tw/fo6.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080609043849/http://bbs.ntu.edu.tw/cgi-bin/readgem.cgi?board=Religion&dir=AO84RQN&type=file">王爺信仰（椰林風情 - 精華區）</a>：提到瘟醮王船祭</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="特定醮典"><span id=".E7.89.B9.E5.AE.9A.E9.86.AE.E5.85.B8"></span>特定醮典</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%86%AE&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：特定醮典"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ttvs.cy.edu.tw/kcc/89pi/pai0.htm">嘉義市城隍廟清醮</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20201028204628/http://www.ttvs.cy.edu.tw/kcc/89pi/pai0.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070204025633/http://content.edu.tw/local/kaushoun/chaukong/country/chyedinq.htm">茄萣鄉</a>：提及其建醮儀式</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091213150814/http://www.kcestudio.tw/page/index.html">西港王船醮-文建會公告國定重要民俗</a></li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <style 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