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class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-區域" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#區域"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>區域</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-區域-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸阅读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸阅读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>延伸阅读</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸阅读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关参考文献子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-引用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>引用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-来源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#来源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>来源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-来源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">西域</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。29种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1padn%C3%AD_kraj" title="Západní kraj – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Západní kraj" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiyu" title="Xiyu – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Xiyu" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%AD%CF%82" title="Δυτικές Περιοχές – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δυτικές Περιοχές" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Regions" title="Western Regions – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Western Regions" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiyu" title="Xiyu – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Xiyu" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%82_%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="مناطق غربی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مناطق غربی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiyu" title="Xiyu – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Xiyu" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%AE-vet" title="Sî-vet – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sî-vet" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="पश्चिमी क्षेत्र – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पश्चिमी क्षेत्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiyu" title="Xiyu – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Xiyu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiyu" title="Xiyu – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Xiyu" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F" title="西域 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="西域" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Батыс өлкелер – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Батыс өлкелер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EC%97%AD" title="서역 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="서역" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiyu" title="Xiyu – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Xiyu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestlige_regioner" title="Vestlige regioner – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vestlige regioner" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiyu" title="Xiyu – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Xiyu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%81%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%92_%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%92" title="لہندے علاقے – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لہندے علاقے" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regi%C3%B5es_Ocidentais" title="Regiões Ocidentais – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Regiões Ocidentais" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9_(%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9)" title="Западный край (Китай) – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Западный край (Китай)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapadne_oblasti_(Kina)" title="Zapadne oblasti (Kina) – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zapadne oblasti (Kina)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Regions" title="Western Regions – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Western Regions" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat%C4%B1_B%C3%B6lgeleri" title="Batı Bölgeleri – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Batı Bölgeleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Західний регіон – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Західний регіон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%CA%BBarbiy_hudud_(Xitoy)" title="Gʻarbiy hudud (Xitoy) – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gʻarbiy hudud (Xitoy)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A2y_V%E1%BB%B1c" title="Tây Vực – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tây Vực" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F" title="西域 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="西域" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se-he%CC%8Dk" title="Se-he̍k – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Se-he̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F" title="西域 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="西域" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1190423#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project:上传" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F&oldid=86087755" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F&id=86087755&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E8%25A5%25BF%25E5%259F%259F"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E8%25A5%25BF%25E5%259F%259F"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Western_Regions" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1190423" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title">新疆歷史</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mogao_Cave_61,_painting_of_Mount_Wutai_monasteries.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="新疆歷史"><img alt="新疆歷史" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Mogao_Cave_61%2C_painting_of_Mount_Wutai_monasteries.jpg/150px-Mogao_Cave_61%2C_painting_of_Mount_Wutai_monasteries.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Mogao_Cave_61%2C_painting_of_Mount_Wutai_monasteries.jpg/225px-Mogao_Cave_61%2C_painting_of_Mount_Wutai_monasteries.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Mogao_Cave_61%2C_painting_of_Mount_Wutai_monasteries.jpg/300px-Mogao_Cave_61%2C_painting_of_Mount_Wutai_monasteries.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1579" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>新疆歷史</figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #FFFFE1; text-align :center">史前新疆</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2#史前時代" title="新疆歷史">史前新疆</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #FFFFE1; text-align :center"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E7%A7%A6" title="先秦">先秦</a>至<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E6%9C%9D" title="秦朝">秦代</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%AD%AB" title="烏孫">烏孫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E6%B0%8F" title="月氏">月氏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AE%9B" title="大宛">大宛</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #FFFFE1; text-align :center"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%9C%9D" title="汉朝">兩漢</a>時期</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E5%9B%BD" title="西域三十六国">西域三十六国</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%9F%E5%85%B9" title="龟兹">龟兹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%89%E8%80%86" title="焉耆">焉耆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%98%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="高昌國">高昌</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%A6%E5%B8%88" title="车师">车师</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%BC%E5%85%B0" title="楼兰">楼兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%96%8F%E5%8B%92%E5%9B%BD" title="疏勒国">疏勒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8E%E9%98%97" title="于阗">于阗</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2#漢與匈奴爭奪" title="新疆歷史">漢朝</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E9%83%BD%E8%AD%B7%E5%BA%9C" title="西域都護府">西域都護府</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E9%95%BF%E5%8F%B2%E5%BA%9C" title="西域长史府">西域长史府</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #FFFFE1; text-align :center"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%99%8B%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%9D" title="魏晋南北朝">魏晋南北朝</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="十六国">十六国</a></b> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E5%87%89" title="前凉">前凉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E7%A7%A6" title="前秦">前秦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E5%87%89" title="后凉">后凉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%87%89" title="北凉">北凉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%98%8C%E5%8C%97%E5%87%89" title="高昌北凉">高昌北凉</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><b>天山以北</b> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%95%E5%8B%92" title="敕勒">敕勒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E9%9B%B6" title="丁零">丁零</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><b>西域諸國</b> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%BC%E5%85%B0" title="楼兰">楼兰</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%AF%E5%96%84" class="mw-redirect" title="鄯善">鄯善</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%A6%E5%B8%88" title="车师">车师</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%96%8F%E5%8B%92%E5%9B%BD" title="疏勒国">疏勒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%89%E8%80%86" title="焉耆">焉耆</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8E%E9%98%97" title="于阗">于阗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%9F%E5%85%B9" title="龟兹">龟兹</a><br />、<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%AD%AB" title="烏孫">烏孫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%98%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="高昌國">高昌</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%B4%E6%B0%8F%E9%AB%98%E6%98%8C" title="麴氏高昌">麴氏高昌</a>等</small></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #FFFFE1; text-align :center"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="隋朝">隋</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E4%BB%A3%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%BD" title="五代十国">五代</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="宋朝">两宋</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b>隋朝</b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%90%BE%E9%83%A1" title="伊吾郡">伊吾郡</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2#唐帝國統治時代" title="新疆歷史">唐朝</a></b>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%A7%E9%83%BD%E6%8A%A4%E5%BA%9C" title="安西大都护府">安西</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%BA%AD%E5%A4%A7%E9%83%BD%E6%8A%A4%E5%BA%9C" title="北庭大都护府">北庭</a>）</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" title="突厥汗国">突厥</a></b> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5" title="西突厥">西突厥</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%9B%E9%80%BB%E7%A6%84" title="葛逻禄">葛逻禄</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E9%A8%8E%E6%96%BD" title="突騎施">突騎施</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%94%E6%82%89%E5%AF%86" title="拔悉密">拔悉密</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%95%83" title="吐蕃">吐蕃</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E5%A7%93%E7%83%8F%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF" title="九姓烏古斯">九姓烏古斯</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E9%B9%98%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" title="回鹘汗国">回鹘汗国</a></b> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%9F%E5%85%B9%E5%9B%9E%E9%B9%98" title="龟兹回鹘">龟兹回鹘</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%98%8C%E5%9B%9E%E9%B6%BB" title="高昌回鶻">高昌回鶻</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E5%96%87%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" title="喀喇汗国">喀喇汗国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%96%80%E5%96%87%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" title="东喀喇汗国">东喀喇汗国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B7%E7%A3%A8" title="样磨">样磨</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%B2%E4%BA%91" title="仲云">仲云</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%BE%BD" title="西辽">西辽</a></b></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #FFFFE1; text-align :center"><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="蒙古帝国">蒙古</a>政权</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%9C%9D" title="元朝">元朝</a>畏兀儿<a href="/wiki/%E7%95%8F%E5%85%80%E5%84%BF" title="畏兀儿">亦都護</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%9F%E5%90%88%E5%8F%B0%E6%B1%97%E5%9C%8B" title="察合台汗國">察合台汗國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%A9%E9%97%8A%E5%8F%B0%E6%B1%97%E5%9C%8B" title="窩闊台汗國">窩闊台汗國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%AF%9F%E5%90%88%E5%8F%B0%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" title="东察合台汗国">东察合台汗国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E9%B2%81%E7%95%AA%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" title="吐鲁番汗国">吐鲁番汗国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%89%E7%88%BE%E7%BE%8C%E6%B1%97%E5%9C%8B" title="葉爾羌汗國">葉爾羌汗國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%89%8C" title="瓦剌">瓦剌</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%86%E5%99%B6%E5%B0%94%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" title="准噶尔汗国">准噶尔汗国</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #FFFFE1; text-align :center"><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D" title="明朝">明</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li>明朝<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E6%89%80" class="mw-redirect" title="卫所">哈密卫</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%AF%86%E5%9C%8B" title="哈密國">哈密国</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D%E6%B2%BB%E7%96%86%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="清朝治疆历史">清朝</a>新疆 <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%8D%93" title="和卓">和卓</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E7%8A%81%E5%B0%87%E8%BB%8D" title="伊犁將軍">總統伊犁等處將軍</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E8%82%83%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E7%9C%81" title="甘肃新疆省">甘肃新疆省</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%AF%86%E5%9B%9E%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="哈密回王">哈密札薩克和碩親王</a></small></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #FFFFE1; text-align :center">20世紀至今</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="中華民國大陸時期">中華民國</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E7%9C%81_(%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B)" title="新疆省 (中華民國)">新疆省</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E5%86%9B%E9%98%80" title="新疆军阀">新疆军阀</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86" title="苏联入侵新疆">蘇聯入侵新疆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="東突厥斯坦共和國">東突厥斯坦共和國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="东突厥斯坦伊斯兰共和国">東突厥斯坦伊斯蘭共和國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%B9%B2%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="東干斯坦">東干斯坦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E9%97%90%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="和闐伊斯蘭王國">和闐伊斯蘭王國</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%B2%BB%E7%96%86%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="中华人民共和国治疆历史">中华人民共和国</a> <ul><li><i><small>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE" title="新疆和平解放">新疆和平解放</a>）</small></i>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E7%9C%81_(%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD)" title="新疆省 (中华人民共和国)">新疆省</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E7%BB%B4%E5%90%BE%E5%B0%94%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA" title="新疆维吾尔自治区">新疆维吾尔自治区</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="Template:新疆歷史"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="Template talk:新疆歷史"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:新疆歷史"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>西域</b>，古代地理名称，泛指<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8E%9F" title="中原">中原</a>以西區域，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中国</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%9C%9D" title="汉朝">汉朝</a>时多指<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="天山">天山</a>南麓<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%89%E9%97%A8%E5%85%B3" title="玉门关">玉门关</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B3%E5%85%B3" title="阳关">阳关</a>以西的诸多國家和地區，<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="隋朝">隋</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐</a>时的西域扩大，西至<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%82%E8%8F%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="拂菻">拂菻</a>，中至<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF" title="波斯">波斯</a>，南至<a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%86%E7%BD%97%E9%97%A8" title="婆罗门">婆罗门</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%9C%9D" title="元朝">元朝</a>时更将<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="非洲">非洲</a>的一部分包括在内<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%B2%E7%B6%A2%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="絲綢之路">絲綢之路</a>影響下，西域特指<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A4%E6%B1%89" class="mw-redirect" title="两汉">兩汉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E5%94%90" title="隋唐">隋唐</a>兩代<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8E%9F%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="中原王朝">中原王朝</a>朝廷設置的行政機構所管轄的位於今<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國">中國</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86" class="mw-redirect" title="新疆">新疆</a>大部及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="中亞">中亞</a>部分地區，位于<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86" class="mw-redirect" title="欧亚大陆">欧亚大陆</a>中心，是絲綢之路的重要組成部分，其文化特徵依然可見于現在新疆地區的遺址及中国<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%A6%E7%85%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="敦煌">敦煌</a>的壁畫。该地對東西方國家的貿易文化交流起到中轉站的重要作用。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="區域"><span id=".E5.8D.80.E5.9F.9F"></span>區域</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：區域"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_Regions_in_The_1st_century_BC_(ja).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Western_Regions_in_The_1st_century_BC_%28ja%29.png/400px-Western_Regions_in_The_1st_century_BC_%28ja%29.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Western_Regions_in_The_1st_century_BC_%28ja%29.png/600px-Western_Regions_in_The_1st_century_BC_%28ja%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Western_Regions_in_The_1st_century_BC_%28ja%29.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption>紀元前一世紀的西域諸国。</figcaption></figure> <p>西域國家主要分佈在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E9%87%8C%E6%9C%A8%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0" title="塔里木盆地">塔里木盆地</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E9%B2%81%E7%95%AA%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0" title="吐鲁番盆地">吐鲁番盆地</a>和以北<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%96%E5%99%B6%E7%88%BE%E7%9B%86%E5%9C%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="準噶爾盆地">準噶爾盆地</a>的邊緣，利用從高地上溶化的水在<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E6%B4%B2" title="綠洲">綠洲</a>上生活，此外<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E9%87%8C%E6%9C%A8%E6%B2%B3" title="塔里木河">塔里木河</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%B8%83%E6%B3%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="羅布泊">羅布泊</a>是西域地區的主要农业、生活水源。因而该区域的国家兴旺与<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水">水</a>有着密不可分的联系，据部分考古学家的判断，<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%BC%E5%85%B0" title="楼兰">楼兰</a>就是由于河流改道与罗布泊的迁移而消失的。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>同时西域地区由于地理上的因素，国家的兴衰容易受到<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99%E8%AE%8A%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="氣候變化">气候变化</a>的影响，期間兩度受到影響，3世紀末期—5世紀後期，和自15世纪30年代以来东亚全境气候逐渐变冷，当地气候也受到强大影响，期間经过该地的商贸往来更乐意通过<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%E4%B8%9D%E7%BB%B8%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF" title="南方丝绸之路">南方丝绸之路</a>来进行，令西域贸易逐渐减少，各国也因此衰落了。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%88%8E" title="西戎">西戎</a>與西域是不同的地域稱謂，但經常混稱，關於西域的史料有：《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%A8%98" class="mw-redirect" title="史記">史記</a>·大宛列傳》、《<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="漢書">漢書</a>·西域傳》、《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%BC%A2%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="後漢書">後漢書</a>·西域傳》、《<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%89%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="晉書">晉書</a>·西戎傳》、《<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%81%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="梁書">梁書</a>·西北諸戎傳》、《<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="魏書">魏書</a>·西域傳》、《<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="周書">周書</a>·異域傳下》、《<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="隋書">隋書</a>·西域傳》、《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8F%B2" title="南史">南史</a>·西域諸國傳》、《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%8F%B2" title="北史">北史</a>·西域傳》，以及《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E5%BF%97" title="三國志">三國志</a>》裴注引《魏略·西戎傳》共十一篇。《<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E5%85%B8" title="通典">通典</a>·邊防典》五至九爲“西戎”，其中七至九爲“西域”部份，可見西戎是比西域更大的概括範圍。中国南北朝时在西域设有西戎校尉府。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%B2%E7%B6%A2%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="絲綢之路">絲綢之路</a></div> <p>根據考證，公元前17世紀西域地區已出現基本的國家形態，並与<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97" title="阿富汗">阿富汗</a>一帶的商人進行<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E9%87%91%E7%9F%B3" title="青金石">青金石</a>貿易。此外，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8E%E9%97%90" class="mw-redirect" title="于闐">于闐</a>国（今中国<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86" class="mw-redirect" title="新疆">新疆</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E7%94%B0%E5%8E%BF" title="和田县">和田县</a>附近）出产的<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E9%97%90%E7%8E%89" class="mw-redirect" title="和闐玉">和闐玉</a>也在商朝帝王<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E4%B8%81" title="武丁">武丁</a>的坟茔中所发掘，说明当地在前13世纪就已经有人定居。在公元前5世纪左右，西域各国利用地处东西方交往要道的地理优势逐渐发展起来，在中原影响下各国的经济文化得到极大发展。 </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zhang_Qian.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Zhang_Qian.jpg/220px-Zhang_Qian.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Zhang_Qian.jpg/330px-Zhang_Qian.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Zhang_Qian.jpg/440px-Zhang_Qian.jpg 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="610" /></a><figcaption>张骞出西域图（<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%A6%E7%85%8C%E5%B8%82" title="敦煌市">敦煌</a>壁画）</figcaption></figure> <p>西域一带在可考历史中于前17世纪左右出現<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E9%82%A6" title="城邦">城邦</a>，並且在之後开始不斷发展。《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E4%B9%A6" title="汉书">汉书</a>·西域传》记载在前2世紀初葉已有30余国分布在西域地区，故有“<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E5%9B%BD" title="西域三十六国">西域三十六国</a>”之说。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E9%A8%AB" title="張騫">張騫</a>打通西域之前，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E5%A5%B4" title="匈奴">匈奴</a>在前3世紀初葉逐步開始支配西域各國的勢力。後漢朝破匈奴，西域各國轉而臣服于漢朝，至<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="漢宣帝">漢宣帝</a>神爵二年（前60年），行政機構<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E9%83%BD%E8%AD%B7%E5%BA%9C" title="西域都護府">西域都護府</a>所管轄範圍則已不只36國。《汉书·西域传》亦記載在公元前6年－5年期間，西域逐漸分裂為50餘國。1世紀开始，半独立的西域各國相互之間不斷兼併，至4世紀時逐漸形成了<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%AF%E5%96%84" class="mw-redirect" title="鄯善">鄯善</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8A%E5%B8%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="車師">車師</a>等幾個大國並起的局面。後魏晉設<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E9%95%BF%E5%8F%B2%E5%BA%9C" title="西域长史府">西域長史府</a>，南北朝時期，西域各國臣服于北朝。5世紀—6世紀，西域局勢再度變化，新興的<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%98%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="高昌國">高昌國</a>相繼打敗西域諸個國家，建立了一個地跨新疆大部的強國，除少數國家外西域諸國向西遷徙，為中亞地區帶來了繁榮的文化。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E5%94%90" title="隋唐">隋唐</a>時，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8E%9F%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="中原王朝">中原王朝</a>軍隊在消滅<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5" title="西突厥">西突厥</a>勢力後，除当地<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%97%8F" title="汉族">汉族</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%98%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="高昌國">高昌國</a>不服統治被收入版圖以外，西域各國均臣服唐廷。不久西域統治交由<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%A5%BF%E9%83%BD%E8%AD%B7%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="安西都護府">安西都護府</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%BA%AD%E9%83%BD%E8%AD%B7%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="北庭都護府">北庭都護府</a>進行處理，在西域設立了完備的行政體系，逐步将西域划归陇右道，并设立<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%A5%BF%E5%9B%9B%E9%95%87" title="安西四镇">安西四镇</a>作为西域地区的主要城市，自此西域地區成爲唐朝的一部分，<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E7%8E%84%E5%AE%97" title="唐玄宗">唐玄宗</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%85%83" title="开元">开元</a>十年（722年）曾设立<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%9B%E8%A5%BF%E8%8A%82%E5%BA%A6%E4%BD%BF" title="碛西节度使">碛西节度使</a>，统辖安西、北庭两大都护府。经由李唐经营，至8世纪时期“天下称富庶者无如陇右”，陇右成为当时中国最为富裕的地方。<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%8F%B2%E4%B9%8B%E4%BA%82" title="安史之亂">安史之亂</a>后的34年，唐廷逐漸放棄之前的安西都護府。宋時遼朝西遷西域，是爲<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%81%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="西遼">西遼</a>，後為蒙元所滅。<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D" title="明朝">明朝</a>時，西域不在治內，廣義上的西域一詞的概念包含了從嘉峪關到伊斯坦布爾之間的廣闊中西亞地區。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>到<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%AB%98%E5%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="清高宗">清高宗</a>乾隆二十四年（1759年）時消滅了統治西域的蒙古準格爾部，設置府縣移民管轄，清末設新疆省，一直延續至中華民國和中華人民共和國。 </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>國名</th> <th>今地</th> <th>興盛時期</th> <th>滅亡時期</th> <th>灭亡原因 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF6">鄯善（<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%BC%E5%85%B0" title="楼兰">楼兰</a>）</td> <td>中國新疆若羌縣一帶</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>被<a href="/wiki/%E7%96%8F%E5%8B%92%E5%9B%BD" title="疏勒国">疏勒</a>所滅 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF6"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%BC%E7%BE%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="婼羌">婼羌</a></td> <td>中國新疆若羌縣東南</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF6"><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E7%A7%85" title="烏秅">烏秅</a></td> <td>中國新疆塔什庫爾干縣西南方一百五十公里</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF6"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%9C" title="西夜">西夜</a></td> <td>中國新疆葉城縣南</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF6"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E5%90%88" class="mw-redirect" title="子合">子合</a></td> <td>中國新疆西南</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF6"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%90%E7%AF%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="捐篤">捐篤</a></td> <td>中國新疆烏恰縣西方一百公里</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF6"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%AE%9B" title="小宛">小宛</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td rowspan="3">被鄯善兼併 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF6"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%BB%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="精绝">精绝</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF6"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%94%E6%9C%AB%E5%9C%8B" title="且末國">且末</a></td> <td>中國新疆且末縣附近</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#CFF"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8E%E9%97%90" class="mw-redirect" title="于闐">于闐</a></td> <td>中國新疆和闐縣附近</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>接受<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐朝</a>統治 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF6"><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%8E%E7%9B%A7" title="戎盧">戎卢</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td rowspan="4">被于闐兼併 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF6"><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%9E%E7%BD%99" title="扞罙">扞罙</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF6"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A0%E5%8B%92" title="渠勒">渠勒</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF6"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%B1%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="皮山国">皮山</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF6"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%B0%81" class="mw-redirect" title="三封">三封</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#CFF"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%9C%E7%8E%86" class="mw-redirect" title="龜玆">龜玆</a></td> <td>中國新疆庫車縣附近</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>接受唐朝統治 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF6"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%91%E5%A2%A8" title="姑墨">姑墨</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td rowspan="3">被龜玆兼併 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF6"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%AE%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="温宿">温宿</a></td> <td>中國新疆溫宿縣附近</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF6"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%89%E9%A0%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="尉頭">尉頭</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF6"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%BE%AA" title="伊循">伊循</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF6"><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%A8%E6%88%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="臨戎">臨戎</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#CFF"><a href="/wiki/%E7%96%8F%E5%8B%92%E5%9B%BD" title="疏勒国">疏勒</a></td> <td>中國新疆喀什市</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>接受唐朝統治 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF6"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8E%E8%BD%A6%E5%9B%BD" title="莎车国">莎車</a></td> <td>中國新疆莎車縣附近</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td rowspan="2">被疏勒兼併 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF6"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%AD%E7%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="竭石">竭石</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#CFF"><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%89%E8%80%86" title="焉耆">焉耆</a></td> <td>中國新疆焉耆縣附近</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>接受唐朝統治 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF6"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B1%E9%A0%88" title="危須">危須</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td rowspan="3">被焉耆兼併 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF6"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%89%E7%8A%82%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="尉犂國">尉犂</a></td> <td>中國新疆尉犁縣附近</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF6"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="山国">山國</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FF6"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8A%E5%B8%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="車師">車師</a></td> <td>中國新疆吉木薩爾縣及吐魯番盆地一帶</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>被高昌兼併 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#FCC"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%98%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="高昌國">高昌</a></td> <td>吐魯番盆地一帶</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>被唐朝軍隊滅亡 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" align="left"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84565780">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-color-styled{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#FF6; color:black;"> </span>：中國南北朝時期以前存在的國家。 <p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#CFF; color:black;"> </span>：接受唐朝招安，從屬安西、北庭都護府的國家。 </p><p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#FCC; color:black;"> </span>：被唐朝軍隊滅亡的國家。 </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸阅读"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.98.85.E8.AF.BB"></span>延伸阅读</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：延伸阅读"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks" style="float: right;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190423" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q1190423"><span class="nomobile">在维基数据</span>编<span class="nomobile">辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span> </p> <dl><dd><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="维基文库"><img alt="维基文库中的相关文本：" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> 《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7096%E4%B8%8A#西域" class="extiw" title="s:漢書/卷096上">漢書·卷096上</a>》，出自<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BA" title="班固">班固</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E4%B9%A6" title="汉书">漢書</a>》</dd> <dd><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="维基文库"><img alt="维基文库中的相关文本：" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> 《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7096%E4%B8%8B#西域" class="extiw" title="s:漢書/卷096下">漢書·卷096下</a>》，出自<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E5%9B%BA" title="班固">班固</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E4%B9%A6" title="汉书">漢書</a>》</dd> <dd><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="维基文库"><img alt="维基文库中的相关文本：" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> 《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E8%A7%80%E6%BC%A2%E8%A8%98" class="extiw" title="s:東觀漢記">東觀漢記</a>》</dd> <dd><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="维基文库"><img alt="维基文库中的相关文本：" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> 《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%85%83%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B7254#西域" class="extiw" title="s:新元史/卷254">新元史/卷254</a>》，出自<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AF%E5%8A%AD%E5%BF%9E" title="柯劭忞">柯劭忞</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%85%83%E5%8F%B2" title="新元史">新元史</a>》</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="引用"><span id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8"></span>引用</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：引用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AF%E6%89%BF%E9%92%A7" title="冯承钧">冯承钧</a>编《西域地名》第5页序例中华书局 1955</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">李江凤，《丝绸之路前夕和气候变化》，1992年；中国高等教育出版社《中国历史地理学》第125頁。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Chen, Yuan Julian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/59068575/_Between_the_Islamic_and_Chinese_Universal_Empires_The_Ottoman_Empire_Ming_Dynasty_and_Global_Age_of_Explorations_Journal_of_Early_Modern_History_25_5_2021_422_56">Between the Islamic and Chinese Universal Empires: The Ottoman Empire, Ming Dynasty, and Global Age of Explorations</a>. Journal of Early Modern History. 2021-10-11, <b>25</b> (5): 422–456 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-03-23</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1385-3783"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 1385-3783</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F15700658-bja10030"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1163/15700658-bja10030</span></a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220624151623/https://www.academia.edu/59068575/_Between_the_Islamic_and_Chinese_Universal_Empires_The_Ottoman_Empire_Ming_Dynasty_and_Global_Age_of_Explorations_Journal_of_Early_Modern_History_25_5_2021_422_56">存档</a>于2022-06-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F&rft.atitle=Between+the+Islamic+and+Chinese+Universal+Empires%3A+The+Ottoman+Empire%2C+Ming+Dynasty%2C+and+Global+Age+of+Explorations&rft.aufirst=Yuan+Julian&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.date=2021-10-11&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1385-3783&rft.issue=5&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Early+Modern+History&rft.pages=422-456&rft.volume=25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F59068575%2F_Between_the_Islamic_and_Chinese_Universal_Empires_The_Ottoman_Empire_Ming_Dynasty_and_Global_Age_of_Explorations_Journal_of_Early_Modern_History_25_5_2021_422_56&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F15700658-bja10030&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="来源"><span id=".E6.9D.A5.E6.BA.90"></span>来源</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：来源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>榮新江：〈<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nssd.org/articles/article_read.aspx?id=42762149">“西域”概念的变化与唐朝“边境”的西移——兼谈安西都护府在唐政治体系中的地位</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210109110352/http://www.nssd.org/articles/article_read.aspx?id=42762149">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）〉.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%9F%E9%83%BD%E6%8A%A4%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="西域都护府">西域都护府</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%A7%E9%83%BD%E6%8A%A4%E5%BA%9C" title="安西大都护府">安西大都护府</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A" title="中亚">中亚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%96%86" class="mw-redirect" title="新疆">新疆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9D%E7%BB%B8%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF" title="丝绸之路">丝绸之路</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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