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<li id="toc-Version_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Version_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Version history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Version_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Versions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Versions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Versions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Versions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Versions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Versions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-PC_DOS_1.x" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PC_DOS_1.x"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>PC DOS 1.x</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PC_DOS_1.x-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PC_DOS_2.x" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PC_DOS_2.x"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>PC DOS 2.x</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PC_DOS_2.x-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PC_DOS_3.x" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PC_DOS_3.x"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>PC DOS 3.x</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PC_DOS_3.x-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PC_DOS_4.x" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PC_DOS_4.x"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>PC DOS 4.x</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PC_DOS_4.x-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PC_DOS_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PC_DOS_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>PC DOS 5</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PC_DOS_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PC_DOS_6.1" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PC_DOS_6.1"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>PC DOS 6.1</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PC_DOS_6.1-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PC_DOS_6.3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PC_DOS_6.3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>PC DOS 6.3</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PC_DOS_6.3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PC_DOS_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PC_DOS_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>PC DOS 7</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PC_DOS_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PC_DOS_2000" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PC_DOS_2000"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>PC DOS 2000</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PC_DOS_2000-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PC_DOS_7.1" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PC_DOS_7.1"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>PC DOS 7.1</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PC_DOS_7.1-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PC_DOS_as_a_distributed_file_client" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PC_DOS_as_a_distributed_file_client"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>PC DOS as a distributed file client</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PC_DOS_as_a_distributed_file_client-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" 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Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D9%85_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3" title="آي بي إم دوس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آي بي إم دوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC_DOS" title="PC DOS – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="PC DOS" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PC-DOS" title="IBM PC-DOS – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="IBM PC-DOS" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PC_DOS" title="IBM PC DOS – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="IBM PC DOS" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC_DOS" title="PC DOS – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="PC DOS" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PC_DOS" title="IBM PC DOS – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="IBM PC DOS" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="آی‌بی‌ام داس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آی‌بی‌ام داس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PC_DOS" title="IBM PC DOS – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="IBM PC DOS" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PC_DOS" title="IBM PC DOS – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="IBM PC DOS" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC_DOS" title="PC DOS – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="PC DOS" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC-DOS" title="PC-DOS – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="PC-DOS" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PC_DOS" title="IBM PC DOS – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="IBM PC DOS" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC-DOS" title="PC-DOS – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="PC-DOS" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC-DOS" title="PC-DOS – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="PC-DOS" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PC_DOS" title="IBM PC DOS – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="IBM PC DOS" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC_DOS" title="PC DOS – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="PC DOS" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC-DOS" title="PC-DOS – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="PC-DOS" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC-DOS" title="PC-DOS – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="PC-DOS" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA" title="ไอบีเอ็มพีซีดอส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไอบีเอ็มพีซีดอส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PC-DOS" title="IBM PC-DOS – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="IBM PC-DOS" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC-DOS" title="PC-DOS – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="PC-DOS" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PC_DOS" title="IBM PC DOS – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="IBM PC DOS" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PC_DOS" title="IBM PC DOS – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="IBM PC DOS" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q863568#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_DOS" title="View the content 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Computer operating system</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Operating system</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">IBM PC DOS</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IBM_PC_DOS_7.0_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/IBM_PC_DOS_7.0_logo.svg/96px-IBM_PC_DOS_7.0_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="96" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/IBM_PC_DOS_7.0_logo.svg/144px-IBM_PC_DOS_7.0_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/IBM_PC_DOS_7.0_logo.svg/192px-IBM_PC_DOS_7.0_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PC_DOS_1.10_screenshot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/PC_DOS_1.10_screenshot.png/300px-PC_DOS_1.10_screenshot.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/PC_DOS_1.10_screenshot.png/450px-PC_DOS_1.10_screenshot.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/PC_DOS_1.10_screenshot.png/600px-PC_DOS_1.10_screenshot.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Version 1.10 (1982) command line</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a><br /><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">Written in</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Assembly_language" title="Assembly language">Assembly language</a>, <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">OS family</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Working state</th><td class="infobox-data">No longer supported</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Source model</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Closed_source" class="mw-redirect" title="Closed source">Closed source</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">August 1981<span class="noprint">; 43 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1981-08</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Latest release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="#PC_DOS_2000">PC DOS 2000</a> / April 1998<span class="noprint">; 26 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1998-04</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Latest preview</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="#PC_DOS_7.10">PC DOS 7.1</a> / 2003<span class="noprint">; 22 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2003</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_language" title="Natural language">Available in</a></th><td class="infobox-data">English (US), English (UK), Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Swedish</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Platforms</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kernel_(operating_system)" title="Kernel (operating system)">Kernel</a> type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Monolithic_kernel" title="Monolithic kernel">Monolithic kernel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">Default<br />user interface</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">Command-line interface</a> (<a href="/wiki/COMMAND.COM" title="COMMAND.COM">COMMAND.COM</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Commercial_software" title="Commercial software">Commercial</a> <a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">proprietary software</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>IBM PC DOS</b> (an <a href="/wiki/Acronym" title="Acronym">acronym</a> for <b>IBM Personal Computer Disk Operating System</b>),<sup id="cite_ref-ver_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ver-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also known as <b>PC DOS</b> or <b>IBM DOS</b>, is a discontinued <a href="/wiki/Disk_operating_system" title="Disk operating system">disk operating system</a> for the <a href="/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer" title="IBM Personal Computer">IBM Personal Computer</a>, its successors, and <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_compatible" title="IBM PC compatible">IBM PC compatibles</a>. It was sold by <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> from the early 1980s into the 2000s. Developed by <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, it was also sold by that company to the open market as <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a>. Both operating systems were identical or almost identical until 1993, when IBM began selling PC DOS 6.1 with its own new features. The collective shorthand for PC DOS and MS-DOS was <a href="/wiki/DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a>, which is also the generic term for disk operating system, and is shared with dozens of <a href="/wiki/List_of_disk_operating_systems_called_DOS" title="List of disk operating systems called DOS">disk operating systems called DOS</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_PC_DOS&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The IBM task force assembled to develop the IBM PC decided that critical components of the machine, including the operating system, would come from outside vendors. This radical break from company tradition of in-house development was one of the key decisions that made the IBM PC an industry standard. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, founded five years earlier by <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a>, was eventually selected for the operating system. </p><p>IBM wanted Microsoft to retain ownership of whatever software it developed, and wanted nothing to do with helping Microsoft, other than making suggestions from afar. According to task force member <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Sams&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jack Sams (page does not exist)">Jack Sams</a>: </p> <blockquote><p>The reasons were internal. We had a terrible problem being sued by people claiming we had stolen their stuff. It could be horribly expensive for us to have our programmers look at code that belonged to someone else because they would then come back and say we stole it and made all this money. We had lost a series of suits on this, and so we didn't want to have a product which was clearly someone else's product worked on by IBM people. We went to Microsoft on the proposition that we wanted this to be their product.<sup id="cite_ref-Jakobsen_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jakobsen-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Parts of this source can be found in at least two books published in 2015 (?id=B1SNBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT269&lpg=PT269 ?id=a2l9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA34&lpg=PA34), but they don't cite the origin of their source, so it's possible that they sourced Jack Sams's citation from Wikipedia. (July 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p></blockquote> <p>IBM first contacted Microsoft to look the company over in July 1980. Negotiations continued over the months that followed, and the paperwork was officially signed in early November.<sup id="cite_ref-Wallace_1992_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wallace_1992-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although IBM expected that most customers would use PC DOS,<sup id="cite_ref-Bunnell_1982_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bunnell_1982-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the IBM PC also supported <a href="/wiki/CP/M-86" title="CP/M-86">CP/M-86</a>, which became available six months after PC DOS,<sup id="cite_ref-Edlin_1982_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edlin_1982-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/UCSD_p-System" class="mw-redirect" title="UCSD p-System">UCSD p-System</a> operating systems.<sup id="cite_ref-Lemmons_1981_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lemmons_1981-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IBM's expectation proved correct: one survey found that 96.3% of PCs were ordered with the $40 PC DOS compared to 3.4% with the $240 CP/M-86.<sup id="cite_ref-Pcommuniques_1983_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pcommuniques_1983-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over the history of IBM PC DOS, various versions were developed by IBM and Microsoft. By the time PC DOS 3.0 was completed, IBM had a team of developers covering the full OS. At that point in time, either IBM or Microsoft completely developed versions of IBM PC DOS going forward. By 1985, the joint development agreement (JDA) between IBM and Microsoft for the development of PC DOS had each company giving the other company a completely developed version. Most of the time branded versions were identical, but there were some cases in which each of the companies made minor modifications to their version of DOS. In the fall of 1984, IBM gave all the source code and documentation of the internally developed <a href="/wiki/IBM_TopView" title="IBM TopView">IBM TopView</a> for DOS to Microsoft so that Microsoft could more fully understand how to develop an <a href="/wiki/Object-oriented" class="mw-redirect" title="Object-oriented">object-oriented</a> <a href="/wiki/Operating_environment" title="Operating environment">operating environment</a>, overlapping windows (for its development of <a href="/wiki/Windows_2.0" title="Windows 2.0">Windows 2.0</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Computer_multitasking" title="Computer multitasking">multitasking</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Version_history">Version history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_PC_DOS&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Version history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Version</th> <th>Release date</th> <th>References </th></tr> <tr> <td>1.0</td> <td>August 12, 1981</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1.1 (1.10)</td> <td>May 7, 1982</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2.0</td> <td>March 8, 1983</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2.1 (2.10)</td> <td>November 1, 1983</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3.0</td> <td>September 14, 1984</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3.1 (3.10)</td> <td>April 2, 1985</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3.2 (3.20)</td> <td>April 2, 1986</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3.3 (3.30)</td> <td>April 2, 1987</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4.0</td> <td>July 19, 1988</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5.0</td> <td>June 11, 1991</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6.1</td> <td>July 26, 1993</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-version-6.1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-version-6.1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6.3</td> <td>April 27, 1994</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7.0</td> <td>February 28, 1995</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-version-7_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-version-7-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000</td> <td>May 29, 1998</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Versions">Versions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_PC_DOS&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Versions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PC_DOS_1.x"><span class="anchor" id="1.00"></span><span class="anchor" id="1.10"></span>PC DOS 1.x</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_PC_DOS&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: PC DOS 1.x"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IBM_DOS_1.1_Manual_and_Disk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/IBM_DOS_1.1_Manual_and_Disk.jpg/170px-IBM_DOS_1.1_Manual_and_Disk.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/IBM_DOS_1.1_Manual_and_Disk.jpg/255px-IBM_DOS_1.1_Manual_and_Disk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/IBM_DOS_1.1_Manual_and_Disk.jpg/340px-IBM_DOS_1.1_Manual_and_Disk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1623" data-file-height="2272" /></a><figcaption> User manual and diskette for IBM PC DOS 1.1</figcaption></figure> <p>Microsoft first licensed,<sup id="cite_ref-86-DOS_License_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86-DOS_License-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> then purchased<sup id="cite_ref-86-DOS_Sale_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86-DOS_Sale-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/86-DOS" title="86-DOS">86-DOS</a> from <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Computer_Products" title="Seattle Computer Products">Seattle Computer Products</a> (SCP), which was modified for the IBM PC by Microsoft employee <a href="/wiki/Bob_O%27Rear" title="Bob O'Rear">Bob O'Rear</a> with assistance from SCP (later Microsoft) employee <a href="/wiki/Tim_Paterson" title="Tim Paterson">Tim Paterson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Paterson_2007_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paterson_2007-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> O'Rear got 86-DOS to run on the prototype PC in February 1981. 86-DOS had to be converted from 8-inch to 5.25-inch <a href="/wiki/Floppy_disks" class="mw-redirect" title="Floppy disks">floppy disks</a> and integrated with the <a href="/wiki/BIOS" title="BIOS">BIOS</a>, which Microsoft was helping IBM to write.<sup id="cite_ref-Beley_1986_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beley_1986-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Duncan_1988_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duncan_1988-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IBM had more people writing requirements for the computer than Microsoft had writing code. O'Rear often felt overwhelmed by the number of people he had to deal with at the ESD (Entry Systems Division) facility in <a href="/wiki/Boca_Raton,_Florida" title="Boca Raton, Florida">Boca Raton, Florida</a>. </p><p>Perhaps the first public mention of the operating system was in July 1981, when <i><a href="/wiki/Byte_(magazine)" title="Byte (magazine)">Byte</a></i> discussed rumors of a forthcoming personal computer with "a CP/M-like DOS ... to be called, simply, 'IBM Personal Computer DOS<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>".<sup id="cite_ref-Morgan_1981_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morgan_1981-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 86-DOS was <a href="/wiki/Rebranded" class="mw-redirect" title="Rebranded">rebranded</a> IBM PC DOS 1.0 for its August 1981 release with the IBM PC. The initial version of DOS was largely based on <a href="/wiki/CP/M-80" class="mw-redirect" title="CP/M-80">CP/M-80</a> 1.x and most of its architecture, function calls and file-naming conventions were copied directly from the older OS. The most significant difference was the fact that it introduced a different file system, <a href="/wiki/FAT12" class="mw-redirect" title="FAT12">FAT12</a>. Unlike all later DOS versions, the <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced"><a href="/wiki/DATE_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="DATE (DOS command)">DATE</a></span> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced"><a href="/wiki/TIME_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="TIME (DOS command)">TIME</a></span> commands were separate executables rather than part of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced"><a href="/wiki/COMMAND.COM" title="COMMAND.COM">COMMAND.COM</a></span>. Single-sided 160 <a href="/wiki/Kilobyte" title="Kilobyte">kilobyte</a> (KB) 5.25-inch floppies were the only disk format supported. </p><p>In late 1981, Paterson, now at Microsoft, began writing PC DOS 1.10. It debuted in May 1982 along with the Revision B IBM PC. Support for the new double-sided drives was added, allowing 320 KB per disk. A number of bugs were fixed, and error messages and prompts were made less cryptic. The <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced"><a href="/wiki/DEBUG_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="DEBUG (DOS command)">DEBUG.EXE</a></span> was now able to load files greater than 64 KB in size. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PC_DOS_2.x"><span class="anchor" id="2.00"></span><span class="anchor" id="2.10"></span><span class="anchor" id="2.11"></span>PC DOS 2.x</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_PC_DOS&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: PC DOS 2.x"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Later, a group of Microsoft programmers (primarily <a href="/wiki/Paul_Allen" title="Paul Allen">Paul Allen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Zbikowski" title="Mark Zbikowski">Mark Zbikowski</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aaron_R._Reynolds" class="mw-redirect" title="Aaron R. Reynolds">Aaron Reynolds</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Duncan_1988_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duncan_1988-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> began work on PC DOS 2.0. Completely rewritten, DOS 2.0 added subdirectories and hard disk support for the new <a href="/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer_XT" title="IBM Personal Computer XT">IBM XT</a>, which debuted in March 1983. A new 9-sector format bumped the capacity of floppy disks to 360 KB. The <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a>-inspired kernel featured <a href="/wiki/File_handle" class="mw-redirect" title="File handle">file handles</a> in place of the CP/M-derivative file control blocks and loadable device drivers could now be used for adding hardware beyond that which the IBM PC BIOS supported. BASIC and most of the utilities provided with DOS were substantially upgraded as well. A major undertaking that took almost 10 months of work, DOS 2.0 was more than twice as big as DOS 1.x, occupying around 28 KB of RAM compared to the 12 KB of its predecessor. It would form the basis for all Microsoft consumer-oriented OSes until 2001, when <a href="/wiki/Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">Windows XP</a> (based on <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a>) was released.<sup id="cite_ref-Duncan_1988_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duncan_1988-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 1983 (officially 1 November 1983)<sup id="cite_ref-DOS21_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOS21-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> DOS 2.1 debuted. It fixed some bugs and added support for half-height floppy drives and the new <a href="/wiki/IBM_PCjr" title="IBM PCjr">IBM PCjr</a>. </p><p>In 1983, <a href="/wiki/Compaq" title="Compaq">Compaq</a> released the <a href="/wiki/Compaq_Portable" title="Compaq Portable">Compaq Portable</a>, the first 100% <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_compatible" title="IBM PC compatible">IBM PC compatible</a> and licensed their own OEM version of DOS 1.10 (quickly replaced by DOS 2.00) from Microsoft. Other PC compatibles followed suit, most of which included hardware-specific DOS features, although some were generic. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PC_DOS_3.x"><span class="anchor" id="3.00"></span><span class="anchor" id="3.10"></span><span class="anchor" id="3.20"></span><span class="anchor" id="3.21"></span><span class="anchor" id="3.30"></span>PC DOS 3.x</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_PC_DOS&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: PC DOS 3.x"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IBM_DOS_3.30_Retail_Box.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/IBM_DOS_3.30_Retail_Box.jpg/220px-IBM_DOS_3.30_Retail_Box.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/IBM_DOS_3.30_Retail_Box.jpg/330px-IBM_DOS_3.30_Retail_Box.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/IBM_DOS_3.30_Retail_Box.jpg/440px-IBM_DOS_3.30_Retail_Box.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3345" data-file-height="4460" /></a><figcaption>Retail box of IBM PC DOS 3.30</figcaption></figure> <p>In August 1984, IBM introduced the <a href="/wiki/Intel_80286" title="Intel 80286">Intel 80286</a>-derived <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC/AT" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PC/AT">IBM PC/AT</a>, its next-generation machine. Along with this was DOS 3.00. Despite jumping a whole version number, it again proved little more than an incremental upgrade, adding nothing more substantial than support for the AT's new 1.2 <a href="/wiki/Megabyte" title="Megabyte">megabyte</a> (MB) floppy disks. Planned networking capabilities in DOS 3.00 were judged too buggy to be usable and Microsoft disabled them prior to the OS's release. In any case, IBM's original plans for the AT had been to equip it with a proper next-generation OS that would use its extended features, but this never materialized.<sup id="cite_ref-Wallace_1992_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wallace_1992-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PC DOS 3.1 (released March 1985) fixed the bugs in DOS 3.00 and supported IBM's Network Adapter card on the <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_Network" title="IBM PC Network">IBM PC Network</a>. PC DOS 3.2 added support for <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>-inch double-density 720 KB floppy disk drives, supporting the <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_Convertible" title="IBM PC Convertible">IBM PC Convertible</a>, IBM's first computer to use <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>-inch floppy disks, released April 1986, and later the <a href="/wiki/IBM_Personal_System/2" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM Personal System/2">IBM Personal System/2</a> in 1987. </p><p>In June 1985, IBM and Microsoft signed a long-term Joint Development Agreement to share specified DOS code and create a new operating system from scratch, known at the time as Advanced DOS. On 2 April 1987 <a href="/wiki/OS/2" title="OS/2">OS/2</a> was announced as the first product produced under the agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-Necasek_2004_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Necasek_2004-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time, IBM released its next generation of personal computers, the <a href="/wiki/IBM_Personal_System/2" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM Personal System/2">IBM Personal System/2</a> (PS/2).<sup id="cite_ref-Wallace_1992_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wallace_1992-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PC DOS 3.3, released with the PS/2 line, added support for high density <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>-inch 1.44 MB floppy disk drives, which IBM introduced in its 80286-based and higher PS/2 models. The upgrade from DOS 3.2 to 3.3 was completely written by IBM, with no development effort on the part of Microsoft, who were working on "Advanced DOS 1.0". DOS 3.30 was the last version designed with the IBM XT and floppy-only systems in mind; it became one of the most popular versions and many users preferred it to its buggy successor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PC_DOS_4.x"><span class="anchor" id="3.40"></span><span class="anchor" id="4.00"></span><span class="anchor" id="4.01"></span><span class="anchor" id="4.02"></span><span class="anchor" id="Lifeboat"></span><span class="anchor" id="Captain"></span><span class="anchor" id="Jetski"></span>PC DOS 4.x</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_PC_DOS&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: PC DOS 4.x"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>PC DOS 4.0 (internally known as DOS 3.4 originally) shipped July 1988. DOS 4.0 had some compatibility issues with low-level disk utilities due to some internal data structure changes. DOS 4.0 used more memory than DOS 3.30 and it also had a few glitches. Newly added EMS drivers were only compatible with IBM's EMS boards and not the more common<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Intel and AST ones. DOS 4.0 is also notable for including the first version of the <a href="/wiki/DOS_Shell" title="DOS Shell">DOS Shell</a>, a full-screen utility designed to make the command-line OS more user-friendly. Microsoft took back control of development and released a bug-fixed DOS 4.01.<sup id="cite_ref-TackTech_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TackTech-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PC_DOS_5"><span class="anchor" id="5.00"></span><span class="anchor" id="5.01"></span><span class="anchor" id="5.02"></span>PC DOS 5</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_PC_DOS&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: PC DOS 5"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>DOS 5 debuted in June 1991. DOS 5 supported the use of the <a href="/wiki/High_Memory_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="High Memory Area">High Memory Area</a> (HMA) and <a href="/wiki/Upper_Memory_Blocks" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Memory Blocks">Upper Memory Blocks</a> (UMBs) on 80286 and later systems to reduce its <a href="/wiki/Conventional_memory" title="Conventional memory">conventional memory</a> usage. Also all DOS commands now supported the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">/?</span> option to display command syntax. Aside from IBM's PC DOS, MS-DOS was the only other version available as OEM editions vanished since by this time PCs were 100% compatible so customizations for hardware differences were no longer necessary. </p><p>The POWER.EXE was introduced that has the <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Power_Management" title="Advanced Power Management">APM</a> standard in version 5.02.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This was the last version of DOS that IBM and Microsoft shared the full code for, and the DOS that was integrated into OS/2 2.0's, and later Windows NT's, <a href="/wiki/Virtual_DOS_machine" title="Virtual DOS machine">virtual DOS machine</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PC_DOS_6.1"><span class="anchor" id="6.10"></span>PC DOS 6.1</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_PC_DOS&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: PC DOS 6.1"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>PC DOS remained a rebranded version of MS-DOS until 1993. IBM and Microsoft parted ways—MS-DOS 6 was released in March, and PC DOS 6.1 (separately developed) followed in June. Most of the new features from MS-DOS 6.0 appeared in PC DOS 6.1 including the new boot menu support and the new commands <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced"><a href="/wiki/CHOICE_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="CHOICE (DOS command)">CHOICE</a></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced"><a href="/wiki/DELTREE" title="DELTREE">DELTREE</a></span>, and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced"><a href="/wiki/MOVE_(DOS_command)" class="mw-redirect" title="MOVE (DOS command)">MOVE</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/QBasic" title="QBasic">QBasic</a> was dropped and the <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS_Editor" title="MS-DOS Editor">MS-DOS Editor</a> was replaced with the IBM <a href="/wiki/E_(PC_DOS)" title="E (PC DOS)">E Editor</a>. It also licensed components of <a href="/wiki/Central_Point_Software" title="Central Point Software">Central Point's</a> <a href="/wiki/PC_Tools_(software)" title="PC Tools (software)">PC Tools</a>, such as Central Point Backup Utility (CPBACKUP).<sup id="cite_ref-version-6.1_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-version-6.1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-version-7_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-version-7-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PC DOS 6.1 reports itself as DOS 6.00. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PC_DOS_6.3"><span class="anchor" id="6.30"></span>PC DOS 6.3</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_PC_DOS&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: PC DOS 6.3"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>PC DOS 6.3 followed in December. PC DOS 6.3 was also used in OS/2 for the <a href="/wiki/PowerPC" title="PowerPC">PowerPC</a>. PC DOS 6.3 also featured <a href="/wiki/SuperStor" class="mw-redirect" title="SuperStor">SuperStor</a> disk compression technology from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Addstor,_Inc.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Addstor, Inc. (page does not exist)">Addstor</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PC_DOS_7"><span class="anchor" id="7.00"></span>PC DOS 7</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_PC_DOS&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: PC DOS 7"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>PC DOS 7 was released in April 1995 and was the last release of DOS before IBM software development (other than the development <a href="/wiki/IBM_ViaVoice" title="IBM ViaVoice">IBM ViaVoice</a>) moved to Austin. The <a href="/wiki/REXX" class="mw-redirect" title="REXX">REXX</a> programming language was added, as well as support for a new floppy disk format, <a href="/wiki/IBM_Extended_Density_Format" title="IBM Extended Density Format">XDF</a>, which extended a standard 1.44 MB floppy disk to 1.86 MB. SuperStor disk compression technology was replaced with <a href="/wiki/Stac_Electronics" title="Stac Electronics">Stac Electronics</a>' <a href="/wiki/STACKER" class="mw-redirect" title="STACKER">STACKER</a>. An algebraic command line calculator and a utility program to load device drivers from the command line were added. PC DOS 7 also included many optimizations to increase performance and reduce memory usage.<sup id="cite_ref-retro_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-retro-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PC_DOS_2000"><span class="anchor" id="2000"></span>PC DOS 2000</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_PC_DOS&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: PC DOS 2000"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most recent retail release was PC DOS 2000 – released from Austin in 1998 – which found its niche in the <a href="/wiki/Embedded_software" title="Embedded software">embedded software</a> market and elsewhere. PC DOS 2000 is a <a href="/wiki/Slipstream_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Slipstream (computing)">slipstream</a> of 7.0 with <a href="/wiki/Year_2000_problem" title="Year 2000 problem">Y2K</a> and other fixes applied. To applications, PC DOS 2000 reports itself as "IBM PC DOS 7.00, revision 1", in contrast to the original PC DOS 7, which reported itself as "IBM PC DOS 7.00, revision 0".<sup id="cite_ref-NB_OEM_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NB_OEM-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>PC-DOS 2000 was the last version of IBM PC-DOS that was sold at retail. IBM advertised it as a Y2K compliant DOS. As it reports itself as "IBM PC-DOS 7 Revision 1", it is often refereed to as "IBM PC-DOS7R1" or just "PC-DOS7R1". </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hitachi" title="Hitachi">Hitachi</a> used PC DOS 2000 in their legacy <i>Drive Fitness Test</i> (4.15) and <i>Hitachi Feature Tool</i> (2.15) until 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-HGST_2009_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HGST_2009-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/ThinkPad" title="ThinkPad">ThinkPad</a> products had a copy of the latest version of PC DOS in their Rescue and Recovery partition.<sup id="cite_ref-Lenovo_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lenovo-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PC_DOS_7.1"><span class="anchor" id="7.10"></span><span class="anchor" id="PC_DOS_7.10"></span>PC DOS 7.1</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_PC_DOS&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: PC DOS 7.1"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>PC DOS 7.1 added support for <a href="/wiki/Logical_Block_Addressing" class="mw-redirect" title="Logical Block Addressing">Logical Block Addressing</a> (LBA) and <a href="/wiki/FAT32" class="mw-redirect" title="FAT32">FAT32</a> partitions.<sup id="cite_ref-NB_OEM_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NB_OEM-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various builds <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_DOS_operating_systems" title="Timeline of DOS operating systems">from 1999 up to 2003</a> were not released in retail, but used in products such as the IBM ServerGuide Scripting Toolkit.<sup id="cite_ref-IBM_ServerGuide_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBM_ServerGuide-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A build of this version of DOS appeared in <a href="/wiki/Norton_Ghost" class="mw-redirect" title="Norton Ghost">Norton Ghost</a> from <a href="/wiki/NortonLifeLock" class="mw-redirect" title="NortonLifeLock">Symantec</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Symantec_Ghost_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Symantec_Ghost-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Version 7.1 indicates support for FAT32 also in <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-retro_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-retro-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most builds of this version of DOS are limited to the kernel files <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced"><a href="/wiki/IBMBIO.COM" title="IBMBIO.COM">IBMBIO.COM</a></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced"><a href="/wiki/IBMDOS.COM" title="IBMDOS.COM">IBMDOS.COM</a></span>, and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced"><a href="/wiki/COMMAND.COM" title="COMMAND.COM">COMMAND.COM</a></span>. The updated programs <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">FDISK32</span> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">FORMAT32</span> allow one to prepare FAT32 disks. Additional utilities are taken from PC DOS 2000, where needed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="PC_DOS_as_a_distributed_file_client">PC DOS as a distributed file client</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_PC_DOS&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: PC DOS as a distributed file client"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1986, IBM announced PC DOS support for client access to the file services defined by <a href="/wiki/Distributed_Data_Management_Architecture" title="Distributed Data Management Architecture">Distributed Data Management Architecture</a> (DDM). This enabled programs on PCs to create, manage, and access <a href="/wiki/Record-oriented_file_(DDM)" class="mw-redirect" title="Record-oriented file (DDM)">record-oriented files</a> available on IBM System/36, IBM System/38 and IBM mainframe computers running <a href="/wiki/CICS" title="CICS">CICS</a>. In 1988, client support for <a href="/wiki/Stream-oriented_file_(DDM)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stream-oriented file (DDM)">stream-oriented files</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hierarchical_directory_(DDM)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hierarchical directory (DDM)">hierarchical directories</a> was added to PC DOS when they became available on the DDM server systems. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_PC_DOS&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_DOS_operating_systems" title="Timeline of DOS operating systems">Timeline of DOS operating systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_DOS_operating_systems" title="Comparison of DOS operating systems">Comparison of DOS operating systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_DOS_commands" title="List of DOS commands">List of DOS commands</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_PC_DOS&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ver-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ver_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Formally known as "The IBM Personal Computer DOS" from versions 1.0 through 3.30, as reported in those versions' respective <a href="/wiki/COMMAND.COM" title="COMMAND.COM">COMMAND.COM</a> outputs</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NB_OEM-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NB_OEM_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NB_OEM_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">For PC DOS the <a href="/wiki/DOS_API" title="DOS API">DOS INT <code>21h</code></a> function <code>30h</code> <i>Get DOS version</i> returns <a href="/wiki/Original_equipment_manufacturer" title="Original equipment manufacturer">OEM</a> code <code>00h</code> for <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> instead of <code>FFh</code> for <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. This is particularly important for DOS 7, because various features introduced in MS-DOS 7.0 and 7.1 are not supported in PC DOS 7.x, and vice versa, e.g., MS-DOS does not support <a href="/wiki/REXX" class="mw-redirect" title="REXX">REXX</a>, and PC DOS 7 and 2000 do not support LBA access.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_PC_DOS&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Jakobsen-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jakobsen_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJakobsen" class="citation web cs1">Jakobsen, Remi. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rclassiccomputers.com/dos/">"The History of DOS"</a>. <i>Remi's Classic Computers - My collection of vintage computers, game consoles, history, specs and repairs</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190804152929/https://rclassiccomputers.com/dos/">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-08-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-11-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Remi%27s+Classic+Computers+-+My+collection+of+vintage+computers%2C+game+consoles%2C+history%2C+specs+and+repairs.&rft.atitle=The+History+of+DOS&rft.aulast=Jakobsen&rft.aufirst=Remi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frclassiccomputers.com%2Fdos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+PC+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wallace_1992-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wallace_1992_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wallace_1992_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wallace_1992_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallaceErickson1992" class="citation book cs1">Wallace, James; Erickson, Jim (1992). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/harddrivebillgat00wall_0/page/190"><i>Hard Drive: Bill Gates and the Making of the Microsoft Empire</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/harddrivebillgat00wall_0/page/190">190</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-471-56886-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-471-56886-4"><bdi>0-471-56886-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hard+Drive%3A+Bill+Gates+and+the+Making+of+the+Microsoft+Empire&rft.pages=190&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-471-56886-4&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Erickson%2C+Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fharddrivebillgat00wall_0%2Fpage%2F190&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+PC+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bunnell_1982-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bunnell_1982_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBunnell1982" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Hugh_Bunnell" class="mw-redirect" title="David Hugh Bunnell">Bunnell, David Hugh</a> (February–March 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w_OhaFDePS4C&pg=PA16">"The Man Behind The Machine? A PC Exclusive Interview With Software Guru Bill Gates"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PC_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="PC Magazine">PC Magazine</a></i>. p. 16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-07-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PC+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Man+Behind+The+Machine%3F+A+PC+Exclusive+Interview+With+Software+Guru+Bill+Gates&rft.pages=16&rft.date=1982-02%2F1982-03&rft.aulast=Bunnell&rft.aufirst=David+Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw_OhaFDePS4C%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+PC+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Edlin_1982-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Edlin_1982_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdlin1982" class="citation magazine cs1">Edlin, Jim (June–July 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w_OhaFDePS4C&pg=RA2-PA43">"CP/M Arrives"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PC_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="PC Magazine">PC Magazine</a></i>. p. 43<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-07-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PC+Magazine&rft.atitle=CP%2FM+Arrives&rft.pages=43&rft.date=1982-06%2F1982-07&rft.aulast=Edlin&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw_OhaFDePS4C%26pg%3DRA2-PA43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+PC+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lemmons_1981-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lemmons_1981_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLemmons1981" class="citation magazine cs1">Lemmons, Phil (October 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1981-10/1981_10_BYTE_06-10_Local_Networks#page/n27/mode/2up">"The IBM Personal Computer: First Impressions"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Byte_(magazine)" title="Byte (magazine)">Byte</a></i>. p. 36<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-07-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Byte&rft.atitle=The+IBM+Personal+Computer%3A+First+Impressions&rft.pages=36&rft.date=1981-10&rft.aulast=Lemmons&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fbyte-magazine-1981-10%2F1981_10_BYTE_06-10_Local_Networks%23page%2Fn27%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+PC+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pcommuniques_1983-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pcommuniques_1983_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7wCiNAUEuAMC&pg=PA56">"CP/M-86 Price Plunges to $60"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/PC_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="PC Magazine">PC Magazine</a></i>. February 1983. p. 56<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PC+Magazine&rft.atitle=CP%2FM-86+Price+Plunges+to+%2460&rft.pages=56&rft.date=1983-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7wCiNAUEuAMC%26pg%3DPA56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+PC+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minuszerodegrees.net/5150/doco/IBM%20Product%20Announcement%20-%20IBM%20PC%205150.pdf">"Product Announcement: The IBM Personal Computer"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Press release). White Plains, New York: <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>. 1981-08-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Product+Announcement%3A+The+IBM+Personal+Computer&rft.place=White+Plains%2C+New+York&rft.pub=IBM&rft.date=1981-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fminuszerodegrees.net%2F5150%2Fdoco%2FIBM%2520Product%2520Announcement%2520-%2520IBM%2520PC%25205150.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+PC+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSedory2008" class="citation web cs1">Sedory, Daniel (2008-08-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thestarman.pcministry.com/DOS/ibm110">"IBM Personal Computer DOS Version 1.1.0 (1982)"</a>. The Starman's Realm<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IBM+Personal+Computer+DOS+Version+1.1.0+%281982%29&rft.pub=The+Starman%27s+Realm&rft.date=2008-08-13&rft.aulast=Sedory&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthestarman.pcministry.com%2FDOS%2Fibm110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+PC+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/announcements/archive/ENUS283-034">"IBM Personal Computer DOS Version 2 And IBM Personal Computer BASIC Language Extensions Version 2 Are Now Available 6024061"</a> (Announcement letter). <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>. 1983-03-08. 283-034<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-01-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IBM+Personal+Computer+DOS+Version+2+And+IBM+Personal+Computer+BASIC+Language+Extensions+Version+2+Are+Now+Available+6024061&rft.pub=IBM&rft.date=1983-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibm.com%2Fdocs%2Fen%2Fannouncements%2Farchive%2FENUS283-034&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+PC+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/announcements/archive/ENUS283-389">"IBM Personal Computer DOS Version 2.1 Announced And Available"</a> (Announcement letter). <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>. 1983-11-01. 283-389<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-01-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IBM+Personal+Computer+DOS+Version+2.1+Announced+And+Available&rft.pub=IBM&rft.date=1983-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibm.com%2Fdocs%2Fen%2Fannouncements%2Farchive%2FENUS283-389&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+PC+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/announcements/archive/ENUS284-283">"IBM Personal Computer DOS Version 3.0"</a> (Announcement letter). <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>. 1984-08-14. 284-283<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-01-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IBM+Personal+Computer+DOS+Version+3.0&rft.pub=IBM&rft.date=1984-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibm.com%2Fdocs%2Fen%2Fannouncements%2Farchive%2FENUS284-283&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+PC+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcjs.org/software/pcx86/sys/dos/ibm/3.10">"IBM PC DOS 3.10"</a>. PCjs Machines<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IBM+PC+DOS+3.10&rft.pub=PCjs+Machines&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcjs.org%2Fsoftware%2Fpcx86%2Fsys%2Fdos%2Fibm%2F3.10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+PC+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/announcements/archive/ENUS286-129">"IBM Personal Computer Disk Operating System Version 3.2 On 3.5-Inch Diskette And IBM Personal Computer BASIC Reference Version 3.2 Available"</a> (Announcement letter). <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>. 1986-04-02. 286-129<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-01-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IBM+Personal+Computer+Disk+Operating+System+Version+3.2+On+3.5-Inch+Diskette+And+IBM+Personal+Computer+BASIC+Reference+Version+3.2+Available&rft.pub=IBM&rft.date=1986-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibm.com%2Fdocs%2Fen%2Fannouncements%2Farchive%2FENUS286-129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+PC+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/announcements/archive/ENUS287-098">"IBM Disk Operating System (DOS) Version 3.30"</a> (Announcement letter). <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>. 1987-04-02. 287-098<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-01-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IBM+Disk+Operating+System+%28DOS%29+Version+3.30&rft.pub=IBM&rft.date=1987-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibm.com%2Fdocs%2Fen%2Fannouncements%2Farchive%2FENUS287-098&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+PC+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/announcements/archive/ENUS288-380">"IBM Disk Operating System (DOS) Version 4.00"</a> (Announcement letter). <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>. 1988-07-19. 288-380<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-01-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IBM+Disk+Operating+System+%28DOS%29+Version+4.00&rft.pub=IBM&rft.date=1988-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibm.com%2Fdocs%2Fen%2Fannouncements%2Farchive%2FENUS288-380&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+PC+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/announcements/archive/ENUSZP91-0432">"IBM DOS Version 5.00 and Upgrade"</a> (Announcement letter). <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>. 1991-06-11. ZP91-0432<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-01-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IBM+DOS+Version+5.00+and+Upgrade&rft.pub=IBM&rft.date=1991-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibm.com%2Fdocs%2Fen%2Fannouncements%2Farchive%2FENUSZP91-0432&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+PC+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-version-6.1-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-version-6.1_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-version-6.1_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/announcements/archive/ENUS293-347">"IBM PC DOS Version 6.1"</a> (Announcement letter). <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>. 1993-06-29. 293-347<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-01-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IBM+PC+DOS+Version+6.1&rft.pub=IBM&rft.date=1993-06-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibm.com%2Fdocs%2Fen%2Fannouncements%2Farchive%2FENUS293-347&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+PC+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/announcements/archive/ENUS294-263">"IBM PC DOS Version 6.3"</a> (Announcement letter). <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>. 1994-04-27. 294-263<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-01-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IBM+PC+DOS+Version+6.3&rft.pub=IBM&rft.date=1994-04-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibm.com%2Fdocs%2Fen%2Fannouncements%2Farchive%2FENUS294-263&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+PC+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-version-7-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-version-7_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-version-7_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/announcements/archive/ENUSZP95-0102">"IBM PC DOS Version 7"</a> (Announcement letter). 1995-02-28. ZP95-0102<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-01-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IBM+PC+DOS+Version+7&rft.date=1995-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibm.com%2Fdocs%2Fen%2Fannouncements%2Farchive%2FENUSZP95-0102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+PC+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/announcements/archive/ENUS298-169">"IBM PC DOS 2000 Can Ease Your Transition to the Year 2000"</a> (Announcement letter). <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>. 1998-05-26. 298-169<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-01-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IBM+PC+DOS+2000+Can+Ease+Your+Transition+to+the+Year+2000&rft.pub=IBM&rft.date=1998-05-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibm.com%2Fdocs%2Fen%2Fannouncements%2Farchive%2FENUS298-169&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+PC+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86-DOS_License-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86-DOS_License_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://antitrust.slated.org/www.iowaconsumercase.org/011607/0000/PX00001.pdf">"86-DOS version 0.3 (1980-11-15) License Agreement between Seattle Computer Products and Microsoft"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 1981-01-06. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200218165128/http://antitrust.slated.org/www.iowaconsumercase.org/011607/0000/PX00001.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2020-02-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-04-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=86-DOS+version+0.3+%281980-11-15%29+License+Agreement+between+Seattle+Computer+Products+and+Microsoft&rft.date=1981-01-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fantitrust.slated.org%2Fwww.iowaconsumercase.org%2F011607%2F0000%2FPX00001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+PC+DOS" class="Z3988"></span> (NB. Published as part of the <a href="/wiki/Comes_v._Microsoft" class="mw-redirect" title="Comes v. Microsoft">Comes v. Microsoft</a> case as exhibit #1.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86-DOS_Sale-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86-DOS_Sale_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140905220128/http://antitrust.slated.org/www.iowaconsumercase.org/011607/0000/PX00002.pdf">"86-DOS Sales Agreement between Seattle Computer Products and Microsoft"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 1981-07-27. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://antitrust.slated.org/www.iowaconsumercase.org/011607/0000/PX00002.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2014-09-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-04-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=86-DOS+Sales+Agreement+between+Seattle+Computer+Products+and+Microsoft&rft.date=1981-07-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fantitrust.slated.org%2Fwww.iowaconsumercase.org%2F011607%2F0000%2FPX00002.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+PC+DOS" class="Z3988"></span> (NB. Published as part of the <a href="/wiki/Comes_v._Microsoft" class="mw-redirect" title="Comes v. Microsoft">Comes v. Microsoft</a> case as exhibit #2/#3. The document also carries a typed date stamp as of 1981-07-22.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paterson_2007-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Paterson_2007_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaterson2007" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Paterson" title="Tim Paterson">Paterson, Tim</a> (2007-08-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dosmandrivel.blogspot.de/2007/08/is-dos-rip-off-of-cpm.html">"Is DOS a Rip-Off of CP/M?"</a>. <i>DosMan Drivel</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-02-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DosMan+Drivel&rft.atitle=Is+DOS+a+Rip-Off+of+CP%2FM%3F&rft.date=2007-08-08&rft.aulast=Paterson&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdosmandrivel.blogspot.de%2F2007%2F08%2Fis-dos-rip-off-of-cpm.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+PC+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beley_1986-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Beley_1986_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllenGatesKingLarson1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Allen" title="Paul Allen">Allen, Paul</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Gates, Bill</a>; King, Adrian; Larson, Chris; <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Letwin" title="Gordon Letwin">Letwin, Gordon</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bob_O%27Rear" title="Bob O'Rear">O'Rear, Bob</a>; <a href="/wiki/Tim_Paterson" title="Tim Paterson">Paterson, Tim</a>; Peters, Chris; Phillips, Bruce; <a href="/wiki/Aaron_R._Reynolds" class="mw-redirect" title="Aaron R. Reynolds">Reynolds, Aaron</a>; Stillmaker, Betty; <a href="/wiki/Mark_Zbikowski" title="Mark Zbikowski">Zbikowski, Mark</a> (1986). "Technical advisors". <i>MS-DOS (Versions 1.0-3.2) Technical Reference Encyclopedia</i>. By Bornstein, Howard; Bredehoeft, Lawrence; Duncan, Ray; Morris, Carol; Rose, David; <a href="/wiki/John_Socha" title="John Socha">Socha, John</a>; Tomlin, Jim; Vian, Kathleen; Wolverton, Van. Beley, Jim; Preppernau, Barry; Beason, Pam; Lewis, Andrea; Rygmyr, David (eds.). Microsoft Reference Library. Vol. 1 (Original withdrawn ed.). Redmond, Washington, USA: <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Press" title="Microsoft Press">Microsoft Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-914845-69-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-914845-69-1"><bdi>0-914845-69-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/86-8640">86-8640</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/635600205">635600205</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Technical+advisors&rft.btitle=MS-DOS+%28Versions+1.0-3.2%29+Technical+Reference+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Redmond%2C+Washington%2C+USA&rft.series=Microsoft+Reference+Library&rft.edition=Original+withdrawn&rft.pub=Microsoft+Press&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F635600205&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F86-8640&rft.isbn=0-914845-69-1&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Gates%2C+Bill&rft.au=King%2C+Adrian&rft.au=Larson%2C+Chris&rft.au=Letwin%2C+Gordon&rft.au=O%27Rear%2C+Bob&rft.au=Paterson%2C+Tim&rft.au=Peters%2C+Chris&rft.au=Phillips%2C+Bruce&rft.au=Reynolds%2C+Aaron&rft.au=Stillmaker%2C+Betty&rft.au=Zbikowski%2C+Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+PC+DOS" class="Z3988"></span> (xvii+1053 pages; 29 cm) (NB. This original edition contains flowcharts of the internal workings of the system. It was withdrawn by Microsoft before mass-distribution in 1986 because it contained many factual errors as well as some classified information which should not have been published. Few printed copies survived. It was replaced by a completely reworked edition in 1988. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/larryosterman/2004/06/14/does-anyone-remember-the-original-ms-dos-encyclopedia/">[1]</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duncan_1988-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Duncan_1988_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duncan_1988_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duncan_1988_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZbikowskiAllenBallmerBorman1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Zbikowski" title="Mark Zbikowski">Zbikowski, Mark</a>; <a href="/wiki/Paul_Allen" title="Paul Allen">Allen, Paul</a>; <a href="/wiki/Steve_Ballmer" title="Steve Ballmer">Ballmer, Steve</a>; Borman, Reuben; Borman, Rob; Butler, John; Carroll, Chuck; Chamberlain, Mark; Chell, David; Colee, Mike; Courtney, Mike; Dryfoos, Mike; Duncan, Rachel; Eckhardt, Kurt; Evans, Eric; Farmer, Rick; <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Gates, Bill</a>; Geary, Michael; Griffin, Bob; Hogarth, Doug; Johnson, James W.; Kermaani, Kaamel; King, Adrian; Koch, Reed; Landowski, James; Larson, Chris; Lennon, Thomas; Lipkie, Dan; <a href="/wiki/Marc_McDonald" title="Marc McDonald">McDonald, Marc</a>; McKinney, Bruce; Martin, Pascal; Mathers, Estelle; Matthews, Bob; Melin, David; Mergentime, Charles; Nevin, Randy; Newell, Dan; Newell, Tani; Norris, David; O'Leary, Mike; <a href="/wiki/Bob_O%27Rear" title="Bob O'Rear">O'Rear, Bob</a>; Olsson, Mike; Osterman, Larry; Ostling, Ridge; Pai, Sunil; <a href="/wiki/Tim_Paterson" title="Tim Paterson">Paterson, Tim</a>; Perez, Gary; Peters, Chris; <a href="/wiki/Charles_Petzold" title="Charles Petzold">Petzold, Charles</a>; Pollock, John; <a href="/wiki/Aaron_R._Reynolds" class="mw-redirect" title="Aaron R. Reynolds">Reynolds, Aaron</a>; Rubin, Darryl; Ryan, Ralph; Schulmeisters, Karl; Shah, Rajen; Shaw, Barry; Short, Anthony; Slivka, Ben; Smirl, Jon; Stillmaker, Betty; Stoddard, John; Tillman, Dennis; Whitten, Greg; Yount, Natalie; Zeck, Steve (1988). "Technical advisors". <i>The MS-DOS Encyclopedia: versions 1.0 through 3.2</i>. By Duncan, Ray; Bostwick, Steve; Burgoyne, Keith; Byers, Robert A.; Hogan, Thom; Kyle, Jim; <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Letwin" title="Gordon Letwin">Letwin, Gordon</a>; <a href="/wiki/Charles_Petzold" title="Charles Petzold">Petzold, Charles</a>; Rabinowitz, Chip; Tomlin, Jim; Wilton, Richard; Wolverton, Van; Wong, William; Woodcock, JoAnne (Completely reworked ed.). Redmond, Washington, USA: <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Press" title="Microsoft Press">Microsoft Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55615-049-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-55615-049-0"><bdi>1-55615-049-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/87-21452">87-21452</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/16581341">16581341</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Technical+advisors&rft.btitle=The+MS-DOS+Encyclopedia%3A+versions+1.0+through+3.2&rft.place=Redmond%2C+Washington%2C+USA&rft.edition=Completely+reworked&rft.pub=Microsoft+Press&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F16581341&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F87-21452&rft.isbn=1-55615-049-0&rft.aulast=Zbikowski&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Allen%2C+Paul&rft.au=Ballmer%2C+Steve&rft.au=Borman%2C+Reuben&rft.au=Borman%2C+Rob&rft.au=Butler%2C+John&rft.au=Carroll%2C+Chuck&rft.au=Chamberlain%2C+Mark&rft.au=Chell%2C+David&rft.au=Colee%2C+Mike&rft.au=Courtney%2C+Mike&rft.au=Dryfoos%2C+Mike&rft.au=Duncan%2C+Rachel&rft.au=Eckhardt%2C+Kurt&rft.au=Evans%2C+Eric&rft.au=Farmer%2C+Rick&rft.au=Gates%2C+Bill&rft.au=Geary%2C+Michael&rft.au=Griffin%2C+Bob&rft.au=Hogarth%2C+Doug&rft.au=Johnson%2C+James+W.&rft.au=Kermaani%2C+Kaamel&rft.au=King%2C+Adrian&rft.au=Koch%2C+Reed&rft.au=Landowski%2C+James&rft.au=Larson%2C+Chris&rft.au=Lennon%2C+Thomas&rft.au=Lipkie%2C+Dan&rft.au=McDonald%2C+Marc&rft.au=McKinney%2C+Bruce&rft.au=Martin%2C+Pascal&rft.au=Mathers%2C+Estelle&rft.au=Matthews%2C+Bob&rft.au=Melin%2C+David&rft.au=Mergentime%2C+Charles&rft.au=Nevin%2C+Randy&rft.au=Newell%2C+Dan&rft.au=Newell%2C+Tani&rft.au=Norris%2C+David&rft.au=O%27Leary%2C+Mike&rft.au=O%27Rear%2C+Bob&rft.au=Olsson%2C+Mike&rft.au=Osterman%2C+Larry&rft.au=Ostling%2C+Ridge&rft.au=Pai%2C+Sunil&rft.au=Paterson%2C+Tim&rft.au=Perez%2C+Gary&rft.au=Peters%2C+Chris&rft.au=Petzold%2C+Charles&rft.au=Pollock%2C+John&rft.au=Reynolds%2C+Aaron&rft.au=Rubin%2C+Darryl&rft.au=Ryan%2C+Ralph&rft.au=Schulmeisters%2C+Karl&rft.au=Shah%2C+Rajen&rft.au=Shaw%2C+Barry&rft.au=Short%2C+Anthony&rft.au=Slivka%2C+Ben&rft.au=Smirl%2C+Jon&rft.au=Stillmaker%2C+Betty&rft.au=Stoddard%2C+John&rft.au=Tillman%2C+Dennis&rft.au=Whitten%2C+Greg&rft.au=Yount%2C+Natalie&rft.au=Zeck%2C+Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+PC+DOS" class="Z3988"></span> (xix+1570 pages; 26 cm) (NB. This edition was published in 1988 after extensive rework of the withdrawn 1986 first edition by a different team of authors. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.pcjs.org/pubs/pc/reference/microsoft/mspl13/msdos/encyclopedia/">[2]</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morgan_1981-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Morgan_1981_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorgan1981" class="citation news cs1">Morgan, Chris (July 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1981-07/1981_07_BYTE_06-07_Energy_Conservation#page/n7/mode/2up">"IBM's Personal Computer"</a>. <i>BYTE</i>. p. 6<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BYTE&rft.atitle=IBM%27s+Personal+Computer&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1981-07&rft.aulast=Morgan&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fbyte-magazine-1981-07%2F1981_07_BYTE_06-07_Energy_Conservation%23page%2Fn7%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+PC+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DOS21-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DOS21_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.os2museum.com/wp/?page_id=630">"DOS 2.0 and 2.1 | OS/2 Museum"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DOS+2.0+and+2.1+%26%23124%3B+OS%2F2+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.os2museum.com%2Fwp%2F%3Fpage_id%3D630&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+PC+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Necasek_2004-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Necasek_2004_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNecasek2004" class="citation web cs1">Necasek, Michal (2004-06-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100410013835/http://pages.prodigy.net/michaln/history/pr/87apr_m3592.html">"Microsoft Operating System/2 With Windows Presentation Manager Provides Foundation for Next Generation of Personal Computer Industry"</a>. <i>The History of OS/2</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pages.prodigy.net/michaln/history/pr/87apr_m3592.html">the original</a> on 2010-04-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+History+of+OS%2F2&rft.atitle=Microsoft+Operating+System%2F2+With+Windows+Presentation+Manager+Provides+Foundation+for+Next+Generation+of+Personal+Computer+Industry&rft.date=2004-06-24&rft.aulast=Necasek&rft.aufirst=Michal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpages.prodigy.net%2Fmichaln%2Fhistory%2Fpr%2F87apr_m3592.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+PC+DOS" class="Z3988"></span> (NB. A copy of Microsoft's 1987-04-02 press release announcing OS/2.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TackTech-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TackTech_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tacktech.com/display.cfm?ttid=30">History of Microsoft Windows and MS-DOS (Miscellaneous)</a> TACKtech Corp.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Intel Corporation, "NewsBit: Microsoft, Intel Develop Power Standard", Microcomputer Solutions, March/April 1992, page 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcjs.org/software/pcx86/sys/dos/ibm/5.02/">IBM PC DOS 5.02</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-retro-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-retro_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-retro_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooks" class="citation web cs1">Brooks, Vernon C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pcdosretro.github.io/">"Information and history about PC DOS and MS-DOS"</a>. <i>PC DOS Retro</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200221141654/https://sites.google.com/site/pcdosretro/">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-02-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-01-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PC+DOS+Retro&rft.atitle=Information+and+history+about+PC+DOS+and+MS-DOS&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=Vernon+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpcdosretro.github.io%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+PC+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HGST_2009-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HGST_2009_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140304052713/http://www.hgst.com/support/downloads/legacy-downloads">"Drivers and Software for Legacy (Discontinued) Products"</a>. <a href="/wiki/HGST" title="HGST">HGST</a>. 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hgst.com/support/downloads/legacy-downloads">the original</a> on 2014-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-02-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Drivers+and+Software+for+Legacy+%28Discontinued%29+Products&rft.pub=HGST&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hgst.com%2Fsupport%2Fdownloads%2Flegacy-downloads&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+PC+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lenovo-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lenovo_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://support.lenovo.com/en_US/detail.page?LegacyDocID=MIGR-4UFUYK">"How to use the pre-boot service partition to recover your software"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lenovo" title="Lenovo">Lenovo</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-02-11</span></span>. <q>An additional undocumented feature added to the User Interface is the ability to drop directly out to a DOS prompt. Pressing F3 (there is no prompt for this) will exit the recovery utility and go to a DOS prompt</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+to+use+the+pre-boot+service+partition+to+recover+your+software&rft.pub=Lenovo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsupport.lenovo.com%2Fen_US%2Fdetail.page%3FLegacyDocID%3DMIGR-4UFUYK&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+PC+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IBM_ServerGuide-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IBM_ServerGuide_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160311025324/https://www-947.ibm.com/support/entry/portal/docdisplay?lndocid=MIGR-53564">"IBM ServerGuide Scripting Toolkit, DOS Edition"</a>. 1.3.07. <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>. 2008-01-24. MIGR-53564. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-947.ibm.com/support/entry/portal/docdisplay?lndocid=MIGR-53564">the original</a> on 2016-03-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-02-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IBM+ServerGuide+Scripting+Toolkit%2C+DOS+Edition&rft.series=1.3.07&rft.pub=IBM&rft.date=2008-01-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-947.ibm.com%2Fsupport%2Fentry%2Fportal%2Fdocdisplay%3Flndocid%3DMIGR-53564&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+PC+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Symantec_Ghost-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Symantec_Ghost_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140213155128/http://www.symantec.com/docs/TECH108761">"Create a Standard Ghost Boot Disk"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NortonLifeLock" class="mw-redirect" title="NortonLifeLock">Symantec</a>. 2004-01-03. TECH108761. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.symantec.com/docs/TECH108761">the original</a> on 2014-02-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-02-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Create+a+Standard+Ghost+Boot+Disk&rft.pub=Symantec&rft.date=2004-01-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.symantec.com%2Fdocs%2FTECH108761&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIBM+PC+DOS" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_PC_DOS&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>IBM Corporation and Microsoft, Inc. <i>DOS 3.30: User's Guide</i>. IBM Corporation, 1987. Part number 80X0933.</li> <li>IBM Corporation and Microsoft, Inc. <i>DOS 3.30: Reference (Abridged)</i>. IBM Corporation, 1987. Part number 94X9575.</li> <li>IBM Corporation. <i>Getting Started with Disk Operating System Version 4.00</i>. IBM Corporation, 1988. Part number 15F1370.</li> <li>IBM Corporation. <i>Using Disk Operating System Version 4.00</i>. IBM Corporation, 1988. Part number 15F1371.</li> <li>IBM Corporation. <i>IBM Disk Operating System Version 5.0. User Guide and Reference</i>. IBM Corporation, 1991. Part number 07G4584.</li> <li>Que Corporation. <i>IBM PC DOS and Microsoft Windows User's Guide</i>. Suzanne Weixel, 2nd ed., Indianapolis, 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7897-0276-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7897-0276-2">0-7897-0276-2</a>.</li> <li>IBM Corporation. <i>PC DOS 7 User's Guide</i>. Margaret Averett, 1995. Part number 83G9260 (S83G-9260-00).</li> <li>IBM Corporation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120205202422/http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/abstracts/gg244459.html">PC DOS 7 Technical Update</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=IBM_Redbooks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IBM Redbooks (page does not exist)">IBM Redbooks</a>, 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7384-0677-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7384-0677-5">0-7384-0677-5</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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title="IBM Remote Access Computing">RAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOS/360_and_successors" title="DOS/360 and successors">DOS/360 and successors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VSE_(operating_system)" title="VSE (operating system)">VSE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS/360_and_successors" title="OS/360 and successors">OS/360 and successors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OS/VS1" title="OS/VS1">OS/VS1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS/VS2_(SVS)" title="OS/VS2 (SVS)">SVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MVS" title="MVS">MVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS/390" title="OS/390">OS/390</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z/OS" title="Z/OS">z/OS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_CP/CMS" title="History of CP/CMS">VM line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Airline_Control_Program" title="IBM Airline Control Program">ACP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transaction_Processing_Facility" title="Transaction Processing Facility">TPF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_Program_Facility" title="Control Program 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aria-labelledby="Disk_operating_systems_(DOS)372" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Disk_operating_systems" title="Template:Disk operating systems"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Disk_operating_systems" title="Template talk:Disk operating systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Disk_operating_systems" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Disk operating systems"><abbr title="Edit this 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commands">Commands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_DOS_games" title="Index of DOS games">Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MS-DOS_4.0_(multitasking)" title="MS-DOS 4.0 (multitasking)">Multitasking MS-DOS 4.0/4.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS-DOS_7" title="MS-DOS 7">MS-DOS 7</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">IBM PC DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOS/V" title="DOS/V">DOS/V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DR-DOS" title="DR-DOS">DR-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="H-DOS">H-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novell_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Novell DOS">Novell DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROM-DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="ROM-DOS">ROM-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SISNE_plus" title="SISNE plus">SISNE plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTS-DOS" title="PTS-DOS">PTS-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeDOS" title="FreeDOS">FreeDOS</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_4680_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM 4680 OS">4680 OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4690_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="4690 OS">4690 OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/86-DOS" title="86-DOS">86-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADOS_(Russian_operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="ADOS (Russian operating system)">ADOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_CP/M-86" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent CP/M-86">Concurrent CP/M-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS">Concurrent DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP/M-86" title="CP/M-86">CP/M-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP/K" class="mw-redirect" title="CP/K">CP/K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datapac_System_Manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Datapac System Manager">Datapac System Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOS_Plus" title="DOS Plus">DOS Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K8918-OS" class="mw-redirect" title="K8918-OS">K8918-OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FlexOS" title="FlexOS">FlexOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP/M-86" class="mw-redirect" title="MP/M-86">MP/M-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiuser_DOS" title="Multiuser DOS">Multiuser DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetWare_PalmDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="NetWare PalmDOS">NetWare PalmDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novell_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Novell DOS">Novell DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenDOS">OpenDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PC-MOS/386" title="PC-MOS/386">PC-MOS/386</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/REAL/32" class="mw-redirect" title="REAL/32">REAL/32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SB-86" class="mw-redirect" title="SB-86">SB-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCP1700" class="mw-redirect" title="SCP1700">SCP1700</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Towns_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="Towns OS">Towns OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TurboDOS" title="TurboDOS">TurboDOS</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other platforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AmigaDOS" title="AmigaDOS">AmigaDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMSDOS" title="AMSDOS">AMSDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANDOS" title="ANDOS">ANDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_DOS" title="Apple DOS">Apple DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_ProDOS" title="Apple ProDOS">Apple ProDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_SOS" title="Apple SOS">Apple SOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_DOS" title="Atari DOS">Atari DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_TOS" title="Atari TOS">Atari TOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BW-DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="BW-DOS">BW-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_DOS" title="Commodore DOS">Commodore DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_DOS_68K" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS 68K">Concurrent DOS 68K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_DOS_V60" class="mw-redirect" title="Concurrent DOS V60">Concurrent DOS V60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromemco_DOS" title="Cromemco DOS">Cromemco DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSI-DOS" title="CSI-DOS">CSI-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_BATCH-11/DOS-11" title="DEC BATCH-11/DOS-11">DEC BATCH-11/DOS-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIP_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="DIP DOS">DIP DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOS/360" class="mw-redirect" title="DOS/360">DOS/360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOS_XL" title="DOS XL">DOS XL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edos" title="Edos">Edos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EOS_(8-bit_operating_system)" title="EOS (8-bit operating system)">EOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FLEX_(operating_system)" title="FLEX (operating system)">FLEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEMDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="GEMDOS">GEMDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IDEDOS" title="IDEDOS">IDEDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMDOS" title="IMDOS">IMDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IS-DOS" title="IS-DOS">iS-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISIS_(operating_system)" title="ISIS (operating system)">ISIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myarc_Disk_Operating_System" title="Myarc Disk Operating System">MDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RCA_MicroDOS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RCA MicroDOS (page does not exist)">MicroDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP/M" title="MP/M">MP/M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSX-DOS" title="MSX-DOS">MSX-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MyDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="MyDOS">MyDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NewDos/80" title="NewDos/80">NewDos/80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS/M" class="mw-redirect" title="OS/M">OS/M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTDOS" title="PTDOS">PTDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="RealDOS">RealDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SB-80" class="mw-redirect" title="SB-80">SB-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_User_Control_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Single User Control Program">SCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_QDOS" title="Sinclair QDOS">Sinclair QDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_General_RDOS" title="Data General RDOS">RDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SmartDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="SmartDOS">SmartDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpartaDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="SpartaDOS">SpartaDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpartaDOS_X" title="SpartaDOS X">SpartaDOS X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technical_Support_SuperDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Technical Support SuperDOS">Technical Support SuperDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top-DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="Top-DOS">Top-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TR-DOS" title="TR-DOS">TR-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRSDOS" title="TRSDOS">TRSDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TurboDOS" title="TurboDOS">TurboDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UDOS" class="mw-redirect" title="UDOS">UDOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z-DOS" title="Z-DOS">Z-DOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z80-RIO" title="Z80-RIO">Z80-RIO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a 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