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skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Spokil rootpage-Spokil skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Naar inhoud springen</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hoofdmenu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" title="Naar de hoofdpagina gaan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hoofdpagina</span></a></li><li id="n-zoekartikel" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Navigatie"><span>Vind een artikel</span></a></li><li id="n-today" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/24_november"><span>Vandaag</span></a></li><li id="n-Etalage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etalage"><span>Etalage</span></a></li><li id="n-categories" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles"><span>Categorieën</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen" title="Een lijst met recente wijzigingen in deze wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recente wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:NieuwePaginas"><span>Nieuwe artikelen</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Willekeurig" title="Een willekeurige pagina bekijken [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Willekeurige pagina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation2" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation2" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Informatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Gebruikersportaal" title="Informatie over het project: wat u kunt doen, waar u dingen kunt vinden"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-Snelcursus" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Snelcursus"><span>Snelcursus</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Hulp_en_beheer" title="Hulpinformatie over deze wiki"><span>Hulp en contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; 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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Spokil" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Spokil" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Spokil" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geschiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geschiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geschiedenis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geschiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voorbeelden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voorbeelden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Voorbeelden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voorbeelden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatuur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatuur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Literatuur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatuur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_link" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_link"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Externe link</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_link-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Spokil</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. 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lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Spokil" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokil" title="Spokil – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Spokil" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokil" title="Spokil – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Spokil" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokil" title="Spokil – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Spokil" 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</div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:lightgrey; color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3">Spokil </th></tr> <tr> <th>Vlag </th> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Spokil_flag.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Spokil-vlag"><img alt="Spokil-vlag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Spokil_flag.jpg/130px-Spokil_flag.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Spokil_flag.jpg/195px-Spokil_flag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Spokil_flag.jpg/260px-Spokil_flag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="518" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Auteur </th> <td colspan="2">Adolphe Nicolas </td></tr> <tr> <th>Jaar </th> <td colspan="2">1887 of 1890 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Gebruikers </th> <td colspan="2">— </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Alfabet_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfabet (hoofdbetekenis)">Alfabet</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Latijns_alfabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Latijns alfabet">Latijns alfabet</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:lightgrey; color:inherit;" colspan="3">Classificatie </th></tr> <tr> <th>Algemeen </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kunsttaal" title="Kunsttaal">Kunsttaal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Naar doel </th> <td colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>internationale hulptalen <ul><li>voor gebruik op wereldschaal</li></ul></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Naar herkomst </th> <td colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>a priori-talen <ul><li>gemengd a priori/a posteriori</li></ul></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="background-color:lightgrey; color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Taal" title="Portaal:Taal">Taal</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Spokil</b> is een <a href="/wiki/Kunsttaal" title="Kunsttaal">kunsttaal</a> die werd gecreëerd door de <a href="/wiki/Frankrijk" title="Frankrijk">Fransman</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adolphe_Nicolas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adolphe Nicolas (de pagina bestaat niet)">Adolphe Nicolas</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschiedenis">Geschiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokil&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geschiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokil&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geschiedenis"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De meest populaire <a href="/wiki/Internationale_hulptaal" class="mw-redirect" title="Internationale hulptaal">internationale hulptaal</a> was in de <a href="/wiki/1880-1889" title="1880-1889">jaren tachtig</a> van de <a href="/wiki/19e_eeuw" title="19e eeuw">19e eeuw</a> ongetwijfeld het <a href="/wiki/Volap%C3%BCk" title="Volapük">Volapük</a>. Het overweldigende succes van die taal was echter van korte duur: vooral dankzij de rivaliteit met het in 1887 gepubliceerde <a href="/wiki/Esperanto_(taal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Esperanto (taal)">Esperanto</a>, dat in veel opzichten praktischer en minder gecompliceerd was, raakte de Volapük-beweging spoedig in verval. Velen die oorspronkelijk het Volapük hadden gesteund stapten over naar het Esperantokamp, terwijl anderen zich inspanden om het Volapük zelf te verbeteren of te hervormen. Mede dankzij de starre houding van <a href="/wiki/Johann_Martin_Schleyer" title="Johann Martin Schleyer">Johann Martin Schleyer</a>, de auteur van het Volapük, leidden dergelijke pogingen tot vele splitsingen in het Volapükkamp. Als gevolg hiervan zag een aantal zogenaamde "Volapükiden" het licht, waarvan het uit 1902 daterende <a href="/wiki/Idiom_Neutral" title="Idiom Neutral">Idiom Neutral</a> de bekendste is, op de voet gevolgd door het Spokil. </p><p>Laatstgenoemde taal was het werk van een Franse scheepsarts uit <a href="/wiki/La_Bourboule" title="La Bourboule">La Bourboule</a>, Adolphe Charles Antoine Marie Nicolas (1833-?). Nicolas was een voormalige aanhanger van het Volapük en begon in <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a> (sommige bronnen vermelden <a href="/wiki/1887" title="1887">1887</a>) aan een eigen taal te werken, die bekend zou worden onder de naam "Spokil". In <a href="/wiki/1904" title="1904">1904</a> publiceerde hij over deze taal een boek, <i>"Spokil. Language internationale. Grammaire, exercise, les deux dictionnaires."</i> Op een conferentie, die ten doel had een nieuwe <a href="/wiki/Internationale_hulptaal" class="mw-redirect" title="Internationale hulptaal">internationale hulptaal</a> te kiezen en plaatsvond in <a href="/wiki/Parijs" title="Parijs">Parijs</a> in <a href="/wiki/1907" title="1907">1907</a>, werd Nicolas uitgenodigd om zijn taal persoonlijk te komen verdedigen; onder de andere talen die op de agenda stonden waren <a href="/w/index.php?title=Parla_(taal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parla (taal) (de pagina bestaat niet)">Parla</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bolak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bolak (de pagina bestaat niet)">Bolak</a> (<i>La Langue Bleue</i>), Idiom Neutral en Esperanto. Op dezelfde conferentie werd ook het <a href="/wiki/Ido_(kunsttaal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ido (kunsttaal)">Ido</a> voor het eerst gepresenteerd. Uiteindelijk zou het Spokil nooit enige noemenswaardige steun genieten en is vandaag de dag volkomen vergeten. </p><p>Evenals het Volapük wordt het Spokil meestal gekwalificeerd als een mengvorm tussen <a href="/wiki/A_priori" title="A priori">a priori</a>-talen en <a href="/wiki/A_posteriori" title="A posteriori">a posteriori</a>-talen (talen die niet respectievelijk wel gebaseerd zijn op materiaal uit bestaande, <a href="/wiki/Natuurlijke_taal" title="Natuurlijke taal">natuurlijke talen</a>). Sommige auteurs, waaronder Nicolas zelf, zien het echter als een zuivere a priori-taal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voorbeelden">Voorbeelden</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokil&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Voorbeelden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokil&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Voorbeelden"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Het <a href="/wiki/Onzevader" title="Onzevader">Onzevader</a>: </p> <dl><dd>Mael nio, kui vai o les zeal;</dd> <dd>Aepseno lezai tio mita.</dd> <dd>Veze lezai tio tsaeleda.</dd> <dd>Feleno lezai tio bela,</dd> <dd>uti o zeal itu o geol.</dd> <dd>Demai da ni itu ebilai da gelenelas nio.</dd> <dd>E no apidai ni o fismena.</dd> <dd>Stu nibai ni le sfail.</dd></dl> <p>De getallen 1-10: </p> <dl><dd>ba, ge, di, vo, mu, fa, te, ki, po, nu.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatuur">Literatuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokil&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Literatuur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokil&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Literatuur"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nicolas, Adolphe Charles Antoine Marie, <i>Spokil. Langue internationale. Grammaire, exercises, les deux dictionnaires</i>. Paris: Maloine, 1904 (272+ p.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_link">Externe link</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokil&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe link" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spokil&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe link"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200722142529/https://sites.google.com/site/miespaispokil/">Een website over het Spokil</a> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background"]{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}</style> <div class="navigatie" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Kunsttalen_(lijst)"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"><div class="navigatie-bewerken show-autoconfirmed nomobile"><span class="nowrap skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Navigatie_kunsttalen" title="Sjabloon:Navigatie kunsttalen"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/nl:Overleg_sjabloon:Navigatie_kunsttalen" title="Overleg sjabloon"><img alt="Overleg sjabloon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Navigatie_kunsttalen&action=edit" title="Sjabloon bewerken"><img alt="Sjabloon bewerken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Kunsttalen_(lijst)" class="navigatie-titel"><a href="/wiki/Kunsttaal" title="Kunsttaal">Kunsttalen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_kunsttalen" title="Lijst van kunsttalen">lijst</a>)</div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67785531">.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel{margin:0 auto 0 auto;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding-left:0.5em}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;width:100%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel tr:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .links{text-align:unset}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-tabel .rechts{padding:unset}}</style><table class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=""><tbody><tr><td class="links" style=""><span class="nowrap"><b>Internationale hulptaal:</b></span></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Adjuvilo" title="Adjuvilo">Adjuvilo</a> · <a href="/wiki/Basic_English" title="Basic English">Basic English</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bitruskisch" title="Bitruskisch">Bitruskisch</a> · <a href="/wiki/Communicationssprache" title="Communicationssprache">Communicationssprache</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ekspreso" title="Ekspreso">Ekspreso</a> · <a href="/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto">Esperanto</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Lingwe_Uniwersala" title="Lingwe Uniwersala">Lingwe Uniwersala</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pra-Esperanto" title="Pra-Esperanto">Pra-Esperanto</a> · <a href="/wiki/Hervormd_Esperanto" title="Hervormd Esperanto">Hervormd Esperanto</a> · <a href="/wiki/Esperantido" title="Esperantido">Esperantido</a> · <a href="/wiki/Arcaicam_Esperantom" title="Arcaicam Esperantom">Arcaicam Esperantom</a>)</small> · <a href="/wiki/Europanto" title="Europanto">Europanto</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gestuno" title="Gestuno">Gestuno</a> · <a href="/wiki/Glosa_(taal)" title="Glosa (taal)">Glosa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Idiom_Neutral" title="Idiom Neutral">Idiom Neutral</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ido_(taal)" title="Ido (taal)">Ido</a> · <a href="/wiki/Interlingua" title="Interlingua">Interlingua</a> · <a href="/wiki/Interlingue" title="Interlingue">Interlingue (Occidental)</a> · <a href="/wiki/Koloniaal_Duits" title="Koloniaal Duits">Koloniaal Duits</a> · <a href="/wiki/Latino_sine_flexione" title="Latino sine flexione">Latino sine flexione</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lingua_Franca_Nova" title="Lingua Franca Nova">Lingua Franca Nova</a> · <a href="/wiki/Mundolinco" title="Mundolinco">Mundolinco</a> · <a href="/wiki/Neo_(taal)" title="Neo (taal)">Neo</a> · <a href="/wiki/Novial" title="Novial">Novial</a> · <a href="/wiki/Poliespo" title="Poliespo">Poliespo</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A1ni%C3%A7o" title="Romániço">Romániço</a> · <a href="/wiki/Signuno" title="Signuno">Signuno</a> · <a href="/wiki/Simplified_English" title="Simplified English">Simplified English</a> · <a href="/wiki/Solresol" title="Solresol">Solresol</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sona_(taal)" title="Sona (taal)">Sona</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spokil</a> · <a href="/wiki/Volap%C3%BCk" title="Volapük">Volapük</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wereldduits" title="Wereldduits">Wereldduits</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><span class="nowrap"><b>Zonale hulptaal:</b></span></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Afrihili" title="Afrihili">Afrihili</a> · <a href="/wiki/Euronord" title="Euronord">Euronord</a> · <a href="/wiki/Folkspraak" title="Folkspraak">Folkspraak</a> · <a href="/wiki/Interslavisch" title="Interslavisch">Interslavisch</a> · <a href="/wiki/Latino_Moderne" title="Latino Moderne">Latino Moderne</a> · <a href="/wiki/Romanica" title="Romanica">Romanica</a> · <a href="/wiki/Romanid" title="Romanid">Romanid</a> · <a href="/wiki/Romanova" title="Romanova">Romanova</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tutonish" title="Tutonish">Tutonish</a> · <a href="/wiki/Universalis_Lingua_Slavica" title="Universalis Lingua Slavica">Universalis Lingua Slavica</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Conceptuele taal:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Ceqli" title="Ceqli">Ceqli</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ithkuil" title="Ithkuil">Ithkuil</a> · <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1adan" title="Láadan">Láadan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lincos" title="Lincos">Lincos</a> · <a href="/wiki/Loglan" title="Loglan">Loglan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lojban" title="Lojban">Lojban</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ro_(taal)" title="Ro (taal)">Ro</a> · <a href="/wiki/Toki_Pona" title="Toki Pona">Toki Pona</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vorlin" title="Vorlin">Vorlin</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><span class="nowrap"><b>Artistiek of fictief:</b></span></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%BBna%C3%AFsch" title="Adûnaïsch">Adûnaïsch</a> · <a href="/wiki/Baronh" title="Baronh">Baronh</a> · <a href="/wiki/Brithenig" title="Brithenig">Brithenig</a> · <a href="/wiki/Dothraki" title="Dothraki">Dothraki</a> · <a href="/wiki/Esata" title="Esata">Esata</a> · <a href="/wiki/Gnomisch" title="Gnomisch">Gnomisch</a> · <a href="/wiki/Goa%27uld_(taal)" title="Goa'uld (taal)">Goa'uld</a> · <a href="/wiki/Klingon_(taal)" title="Klingon (taal)">Klingon</a> · <a href="/wiki/Koba%C3%AFaans" title="Kobaïaans">Kobaïaans</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lingua_Ignota" title="Lingua Ignota">Lingua Ignota</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nadsat" title="Nadsat">Nadsat</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nasika" title="Nasika">Nasika</a> · <a href="/wiki/Newspeak" title="Newspeak">Newspeak</a> · <a href="/wiki/Quenya" title="Quenya">Quenya</a> · <a href="/wiki/Siberisch" title="Siberisch">Siberisch</a> · <a href="/wiki/Simlish" title="Simlish">Simlish</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sindarijns" title="Sindarijns">Sindarijns</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sisselspraak" title="Sisselspraak">Sisselspraak</a> · <a href="/wiki/Spokaans" title="Spokaans">Spokaans</a> · <a href="/wiki/Syldavisch" title="Syldavisch">Syldavisch</a> · <a href="/wiki/Talossaans" title="Talossaans">Talossaans</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tenctonees" title="Tenctonees">Tenctonees</a> · <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Erj%C3%B3trunn" title="Þrjótrunn">Þrjótrunn</a> · <a href="/wiki/Transpiranto" title="Transpiranto">Transpiranto</a> · <a href="/wiki/Verdurisch" title="Verdurisch">Verdurisch</a> · <a href="/wiki/Wenedyk" title="Wenedyk">Wenedyk</a> · <a href="/wiki/Westron" title="Westron">Westron</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zwarte_Taal" title="Zwarte Taal">Zwarte Taal</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spokil&oldid=65429147">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spokil&oldid=65429147</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Internationale_hulptaal" title="Categorie:Internationale hulptaal">Internationale 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