CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Brine shrimp - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"d493d377-457c-415b-a89e-77138bdf6fd9","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Brine_shrimp","wgTitle":"Brine shrimp","wgCurRevisionId":1250739368,"wgRevisionId":1250739368,"wgArticleId":411174,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from June 2019","Articles with permanently dead external links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles with 'species' microformats","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from July 2022","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Taxonbars with multiple manual Wikidata items","Anostraca","Space-flown life", "Taxa described in 1757"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Brine_shrimp","wgRelevantArticleId":411174,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false, "wgWikibaseItemId":"Q134772","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc", "skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Artemia_salina_4.jpg/1200px-Artemia_salina_4.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Artemia_salina_4.jpg/800px-Artemia_salina_4.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Artemia_salina_4.jpg/640px-Artemia_salina_4.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Brine shrimp - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brine_shrimp"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Brine_shrimp&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brine_shrimp"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Brine_shrimp rootpage-Brine_shrimp skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Brine+shrimp" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Brine+shrimp" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Brine+shrimp" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Brine+shrimp" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Description" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Description"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Description</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology_and_behavior" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology_and_behavior"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ecology and behavior</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ecology_and_behavior-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ecology and behavior subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ecology_and_behavior-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reproduction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reproduction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Reproduction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reproduction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parthenogenesis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parthenogenesis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Parthenogenesis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parthenogenesis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Diet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genetics,_genomics_and_transcriptomics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetics,_genomics_and_transcriptomics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Genetics, genomics and transcriptomics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetics,_genomics_and_transcriptomics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aquaculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aquaculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Aquaculture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aquaculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toxicity_test" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toxicity_test"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Toxicity test</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toxicity_test-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Conservation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Space_experiment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Space_experiment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Space experiment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Space_experiment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Brine shrimp</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A" title="روبيان ملحي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روبيان ملحي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemia" title="Artemia – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Artemia" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="ارتمیا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ارتمیا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Артемии – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Артемии" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art%C3%A8mia" title="Artèmia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Artèmia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemia" title="Artemia – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Artemia" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemia" title="Artemia – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Artemia" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salts%C3%B8krebs" title="Saltsøkrebs – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Saltsøkrebs" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemia" title="Artemia – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Artemia" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemia" title="Artemia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Artemia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="آرتمیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آرتمیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art%C3%A9mie" title="Artémie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Artémie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemia" title="Artemia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Artemia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A5%B4%ED%85%8C%EB%AF%B8%EC%95%84" title="아르테미아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아르테미아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemia" title="Artemia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Artemia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94" title="ארטמיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ארטמיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="არტემია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="არტემია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemijos" title="Artemijos – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Artemijos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B3r%C3%A1kok" title="Sórákok – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sórákok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%89" title="روبيان ملحى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روبيان ملحى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemia" title="Artemia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Artemia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemia" title="Artemia – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Artemia" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%83%86%E3%83%9F%E3%82%A2" title="アルテミア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルテミア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemia" title="Artemia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Artemia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemia_(rodzaj)" title="Artemia (rodzaj) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Artemia (rodzaj)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art%C3%AAmia" title="Artêmia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Artêmia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Артемии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Артемии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brine_shrimp" title="Brine shrimp – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Brine shrimp" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemia" title="Artemia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Artemia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemia" title="Artemia – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Artemia" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5" title="ไรทะเล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไรทะเล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemia" title="Artemia – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Artemia" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Артемія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Артемія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemia" title="Artemia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Artemia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artemia" title="Artemia – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Artemia" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A4%E8%99%AB%E5%B1%9E" title="卤虫属 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卤虫属" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q134772#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Brine_shrimp" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Brine_shrimp" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Brine_shrimp"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brine_shrimp&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brine_shrimp&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Brine_shrimp"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brine_shrimp&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brine_shrimp&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Brine_shrimp" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Brine_shrimp" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brine_shrimp&oldid=1250739368" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brine_shrimp&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Brine_shrimp&id=1250739368&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBrine_shrimp"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBrine_shrimp"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Brine_shrimp&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brine_shrimp&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Artemia" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Artemia" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q134772" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Genus of aquatic crustaceans</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Brine shrimp </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemia_salina_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Artemia_salina_4.jpg/220px-Artemia_salina_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Artemia_salina_4.jpg/330px-Artemia_salina_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Artemia_salina_4.jpg/440px-Artemia_salina_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2427" data-file-height="1820" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><i><a href="/wiki/Artemia_salina" title="Artemia salina">Artemia salina</a></i> mating pair – female left, male right </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Artemia" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arthropod" title="Arthropod">Arthropoda</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Branchiopoda" title="Branchiopoda">Branchiopoda</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subclass: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anostraca" title="Anostraca">Sarsostraca</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anostraca" title="Anostraca">Anostraca</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Suborder: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Artemiina</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Artemiidae</a><br /><small>Grochowski, 1895</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Artemia</i></a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/William_Elford_Leach" title="William Elford Leach">Leach</a>, 1819</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Species<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemia_franciscana" title="Artemia franciscana">Artemia franciscana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemia_monica" title="Artemia monica">Artemia monica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemia_persimilis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artemia persimilis (page does not exist)">Artemia persimilis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemia_salina" title="Artemia salina">Artemia salina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemia_sinica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artemia sinica (page does not exist)">Artemia sinica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemia_tibetiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artemia tibetiana (page does not exist)">Artemia tibetiana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemia_urmiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artemia urmiana (page does not exist)">Artemia urmiana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemia_amati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artemia amati (page does not exist)">Artemia amati</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemia_sorgeloosi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artemia sorgeloosi (page does not exist)">Artemia sorgeloosi</a></i></li> <li>Parthenogenetic populations also called <i><a href="/wiki/Artemia_parthenogenetica" title="Artemia parthenogenetica">Artemia parthenogenetica</a></i> (disputed)</li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Artemia</b></i> is a genus of aquatic <a href="/wiki/Crustacean" title="Crustacean">crustaceans</a> also known as <b>brine shrimp</b>, Aqua Dragons or <i><a href="/wiki/Sea-Monkeys" title="Sea-Monkeys">sea monkeys</a></i>. It is the only genus in the <a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a> <b>Artemiidae</b>. The first historical record of the existence of <i>Artemia</i> dates back to the first half of the 10th century AD from <a href="/wiki/Lake_Urmia" title="Lake Urmia">Lake Urmia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, with an example called by an Iranian geographer an "aquatic dog",<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the first unambiguous record is the report and drawings made by Schlösser in 1757 of animals from <a href="/wiki/Lymington" title="Lymington">Lymington</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-R2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Artemia</i> populations are found worldwide, typically in inland saltwater lakes, but occasionally in oceans. <i>Artemia</i> are able to avoid cohabiting with most types of predators, such as fish, by their ability to live in waters of very high salinity (up to 25%).<sup id="cite_ref-R3_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ability of the <i>Artemia</i> to produce dormant eggs, known as <a href="/wiki/Microbial_cyst" title="Microbial cyst">cysts</a>, has led to extensive use of <i>Artemia</i> in <a href="/wiki/Aquaculture" title="Aquaculture">aquaculture</a>. The cysts may be stored indefinitely and hatched on demand to provide a convenient form of live feed for larval fish and <a href="/wiki/Crustacean" title="Crustacean">crustaceans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-R3_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nauplius_(larva)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nauplius (larva)">Nauplii</a> of the brine shrimp <i>Artemia</i> constitute the most widely used food item, and over 2,000 metric tons (2,200 short tons) of dry <i>Artemia</i> cysts are marketed worldwide annually with most of the cysts being harvested from the <a href="/wiki/Great_Salt_Lake" title="Great Salt Lake">Great Salt Lake</a> in Utah.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the resilience of <i>Artemia</i> makes them ideal animals for running biological toxicity assays and it has become a <a href="/wiki/Model_organism" title="Model organism">model organism</a> used to test the <a href="/wiki/Toxicology_testing" title="Toxicology testing">toxicity</a> of chemicals. Breeds of <i>Artemia</i> are sold as novelty gifts under the marketing name <i><a href="/wiki/Sea-Monkeys" title="Sea-Monkeys">Sea-Monkeys</a></i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brine_shrimp&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The brine shrimp <i>Artemia</i> comprises a group of seven to nine species very likely to have diverged from an ancestral form living in the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean region">Mediterranean</a> area about <span class="nourlexpansion plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geoltime.github.io/?Ma=5.5">5.5</a> million years ago</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-R4_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> around the time of the <a href="/wiki/Messinian_salinity_crisis" title="Messinian salinity crisis">Messinian salinity crisis</a>. </p><p>The Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center at Ghent University possesses the largest known <i>Artemia</i> cyst collection, a cyst bank containing over 1,700 <i>Artemia</i> population samples collected from different locations around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Artemia</i> is a typical primitive <a href="/wiki/Arthropod" title="Arthropod">arthropod</a> with a segmented body to which is attached broad leaf-like <a href="/wiki/Appendage" title="Appendage">appendages</a>. The body usually consists of 19 segments, the first 11 of which have pairs of appendages, the next two which are often fused together carry the reproductive organs, and the last segments lead to the tail.<sup id="cite_ref-R5_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R5-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The total length is usually about 8–10 millimetres (0.31–0.39 in) for the adult male and 10–12 mm (0.39–0.47 in) for the female, but the width of both sexes, including the legs, is about 4 mm (0.16 in). </p><p>The body of <i>Artemia</i> is divided into head, <a href="/wiki/Thorax" title="Thorax">thorax</a>, and abdomen. The entire body is covered with a thin, flexible <a href="/wiki/Exoskeleton" title="Exoskeleton">exoskeleton</a> of chitin to which muscles are attached internally and which is shed periodically.<sup id="cite_ref-R6_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R6-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In female <i>Artemia,</i> a <a href="/wiki/Ecdysis" title="Ecdysis">moult</a> precedes every <a href="/wiki/Ovulation" title="Ovulation">ovulation</a>. </p><p>For brine shrimp, many functions, including swimming, digestion and reproduction are not controlled through the brain; instead, local nervous system <a href="/wiki/Ganglion" title="Ganglion">ganglia</a> may control some regulation or synchronisation of these functions.<sup id="cite_ref-R6_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R6-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Autotomy, the voluntary shedding or dropping of parts of the body for defence, is also controlled locally along the nervous system.<sup id="cite_ref-R5_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R5-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Artemia</i> have two types of eyes. They have two widely separated <a href="/wiki/Compound_eye" title="Compound eye">compound eyes</a> mounted on flexible stalks. These compound eyes are the main optical sense organ in adult brine shrimps. The median eye, or the <a href="/wiki/Naupliar_eye" class="mw-redirect" title="Naupliar eye">naupliar eye</a>, is situated anteriorly in the centre of the head and is the only functional optical sense organ in the nauplii, which is functional until the adult stage.<sup id="cite_ref-R6_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R6-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology_and_behavior">Ecology and behavior</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brine_shrimp&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ecology and behavior"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Brine shrimp can tolerate any levels of <a href="/wiki/Salinity" title="Salinity">salinity</a> from 25<a href="/wiki/%E2%80%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="‰">‰</a> to 250‰ (25–250 g/L),<sup id="cite_ref-Warren_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warren-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with an optimal range of 60‰–100‰,<sup id="cite_ref-Warren_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warren-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and occupy the <a href="/wiki/Ecological_niche" title="Ecological niche">ecological niche</a> that can protect them from predators.<sup id="cite_ref-R7_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R7-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Physiologically, optimal levels of salinity are about 30–35‰, but due to predators at these salt levels, brine shrimp seldom occur in natural habitats at salinities of less than 60–80‰. Locomotion is achieved by the rhythmic beating of the appendages acting in pairs. Respiration occurs on the surface of the legs through fibrous, feather-like plates (lamellar epipodites).<sup id="cite_ref-R5_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R5-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/File:Brine_shrimp_cyst.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Brine_shrimp_cyst.jpg" decoding="async" width="146" height="145" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="145" /></a><figcaption>An <i>Artemia</i> cyst</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reproduction">Reproduction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brine_shrimp&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reproduction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Males differ from females by having the second <a href="/wiki/Antenna_(biology)" title="Antenna (biology)">antennae</a> markedly enlarged, and modified into clasping organs used in mating.<sup id="cite_ref-Tyson_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tyson-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adult female brine shrimp ovulate approximately every 140 hours. In favourable conditions, the female brine shrimp can produce eggs that almost immediately hatch.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="I think this is incorrect. As far as I understand, under normal conditions the fertilized eggs don't hatch but just develop into nauplii which are released by the female as live young. See, for example, page 72 in Live Feeds in Marine Aquaculture, edited by Josianne G. Støttrup and Lesley A. McEvoy (https://www.google.com/books/edition/Live_Feeds_in_Marine_Aquaculture/nZodkTLNOPsC?pg=PA72). (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> While in extreme conditions, such as low oxygen level or salinity above 150‰, female brine shrimp produce eggs with a <a href="/wiki/Chorion" title="Chorion">chorion coating</a> which has a brown colour. These eggs, also known as cysts, are <a href="/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism">metabolically</a> inactive and can remain in total stasis for two years while in dry oxygen-free conditions, even at temperatures below freezing. This characteristic is called <a href="/wiki/Cryptobiosis" title="Cryptobiosis">cryptobiosis</a>, meaning "hidden life". While in cryptobiosis, brine shrimp eggs can survive temperatures of <a href="/wiki/Liquid_air" title="Liquid air">liquid air</a> (−190 °C or −310 °F) and a small percentage can survive above boiling temperature (105 °C or 221 °F) for up to two hours.<sup id="cite_ref-R7_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R7-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once placed in briny (salt) water, the eggs hatch within a few hours. The <a href="/wiki/Nauplius_(larva)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nauplius (larva)">nauplius</a> larvae are less than 0.4 mm in length when they first hatch. </p> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parthenogenesis">Parthenogenesis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brine_shrimp&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Parthenogenesis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Central_fusion_and_terminal_fusion_automixis.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Central_fusion_and_terminal_fusion_automixis.svg/220px-Central_fusion_and_terminal_fusion_automixis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Central_fusion_and_terminal_fusion_automixis.svg/330px-Central_fusion_and_terminal_fusion_automixis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Central_fusion_and_terminal_fusion_automixis.svg/440px-Central_fusion_and_terminal_fusion_automixis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1932" data-file-height="2629" /></a><figcaption>The effects of central fusion and terminal fusion on heterozygosity</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Parthenogenesis" title="Parthenogenesis">Parthenogenesis</a> is a natural form of reproduction in which growth and development of <a href="/wiki/Embryo" title="Embryo">embryos</a> occur without <a href="/wiki/Fertilisation" title="Fertilisation">fertilisation</a>. <a href="/wiki/Thelytoky" title="Thelytoky">Thelytoky</a> is a particular form of parthenogenesis in which the development of a female individual occurs from an unfertilised egg. <a href="/wiki/Automixis" title="Automixis">Automixis</a> is a form of thelytoky, but there are different kinds of automixis. The kind of automixis relevant here is one in which two haploid products from the same meiosis combine to form a diploid <a href="/wiki/Zygote" title="Zygote">zygote</a>. </p><p>Diploid <i><a href="/wiki/Artemia_parthenogenetica" title="Artemia parthenogenetica">Artemia parthenogenetica</a></i> reproduce by automictic parthenogenesis with central fusion (see diagram) and low but nonzero recombination.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid26356354_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid26356354-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Central fusion of two of the haploid products of meiosis (see diagram) tends to maintain <a href="/wiki/Zygosity" title="Zygosity">heterozygosity</a> in transmission of the genome from mother to offspring, and to minimise <a href="/wiki/Inbreeding_depression" title="Inbreeding depression">inbreeding depression</a>. Low crossover recombination during meiosis likely restrains the transition from heterozygosity to homozygosity over successive generations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diet">Diet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brine_shrimp&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Diet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In their first stage of development, <i>Artemia</i> do not feed but consume their own energy reserves stored in the cyst.<sup id="cite_ref-R8_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R8-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wild brine shrimp eat microscopic <a href="/wiki/Phytoplankton" title="Phytoplankton">planktonic</a> <a href="/wiki/Algae" title="Algae">algae</a>. Cultured brine shrimp can also be fed particulate foods including <a href="/wiki/Yeast" title="Yeast">yeast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a> <a href="/wiki/Flour" title="Flour">flour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soybean" title="Soybean">soybean</a> <a href="/wiki/Powder_(substance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Powder (substance)">powder</a> or <a href="/wiki/Egg_yolk" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg yolk">egg yolk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-R9_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R9-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Genetics"></span><span class="anchor" id="Genomics"></span><span class="anchor" id="Transcriptomics"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genetics,_genomics_and_transcriptomics"><span id="Genetics.2C_genomics_and_transcriptomics"></span>Genetics, genomics and transcriptomics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brine_shrimp&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Genetics, genomics and transcriptomics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Artemia</i> comprises sexually reproducing, <a href="/wiki/Diploid" class="mw-redirect" title="Diploid">diploid</a> species and several <a href="/wiki/Obligate" title="Obligate">obligate</a> <a href="/wiki/Parthenogenesis" title="Parthenogenesis">parthenogenetic</a> <i>Artemia</i> populations consisting of different clones and <a href="/wiki/Ploidy" title="Ploidy">ploidies</a> (2n->5n).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several <a href="/wiki/Genetic_maps" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic maps">genetic maps</a> have been published for <i>Artemia</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The past years, different transcriptomic studies have been performed to elucidate biological responses in <i>Artemia</i>, such as its response to salt stress,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> toxins,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> infection<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Diapause" title="Diapause">diapause</a> termination.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These studies also led to various fully assembled <i>Artemia</i> <a href="/wiki/Transcriptome" title="Transcriptome">transcriptomes</a>. Recently, the <i>Artemia</i> <a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genome</a> was <a href="/wiki/Genome_assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Genome assembly">assembled</a> and <a href="/wiki/Genome_annotation" class="mw-redirect" title="Genome annotation">annotated</a>, revealing a genome containing an unequaled 58% of <a href="/wiki/Repeated_sequence_(DNA)" title="Repeated sequence (DNA)">repeats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">genes</a> with unusually long <a href="/wiki/Intron" title="Intron">introns</a> and adaptations unique to the <a href="/wiki/Extremophile" title="Extremophile">extremophilic</a> nature of <i>Artemia</i> in high salt and low oxygen environments.<sup id="cite_ref-De-Vos-et-al-2021_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-De-Vos-et-al-2021-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These adaptations include a unique energy-intensive <a href="/wiki/Endocytosis" title="Endocytosis">endocytosis</a>-based salt excretion strategy resembling salt excretion strategies of plants, as well as several survival strategies for extreme environments it has in common with the extremophilic <a href="/wiki/Tardigrade" title="Tardigrade">tardigrade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-De-Vos-et-al-2021_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-De-Vos-et-al-2021-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aquaculture">Aquaculture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brine_shrimp&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Aquaculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemia_breeding_ponds.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Artemia_breeding_ponds.jpg/220px-Artemia_breeding_ponds.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Artemia_breeding_ponds.jpg/330px-Artemia_breeding_ponds.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Artemia_breeding_ponds.jpg/440px-Artemia_breeding_ponds.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Salt_Ponds" title="San Francisco Bay Salt Ponds">San Francisco Bay Salt Ponds</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_of_brine_shrimp" title="Aquaculture of brine shrimp">Aquaculture of brine shrimp</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Fish_farming" title="Fish farming">Fish farm</a> owners search for a cost-effective, easy to use, and available food that is preferred by the fish. From cysts, brine shrimp nauplii can readily be used to feed fish and crustacean larvae just after a one-day <a href="/wiki/Hatchery" title="Hatchery">incubation</a>. <a href="/wiki/Instar" title="Instar">Instar</a> I (the nauplii that just hatched and with large yolk reserves in their body) and instar II nauplii (the nauplii after first moult and with functional digestive tracts) are more widely used in aquaculture, because they are easy for operation, rich in nutrients, and small, which makes them suitable for feeding fish and crustacean larvae live or after drying. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toxicity_test">Toxicity test</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brine_shrimp&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Toxicity test"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Artemia</i> found favor as a <a href="/wiki/Model_organism" title="Model organism">model organism</a> for use in toxicological assays, despite the recognition that it is too robust an organism to be a sensitive <a href="/wiki/Indicator_species" class="mw-redirect" title="Indicator species">indicator species</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-R12_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R12-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In pollution research <i>Artemia</i>, the brine shrimp, has had extensive use as a test organism and in some circumstances is an acceptable alternative to the <a href="/wiki/Toxicity_testing" class="mw-redirect" title="Toxicity testing">toxicity testing</a> of mammals in the laboratory.<sup id="cite_ref-R13_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R13-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fact that millions of brine shrimp are so easily reared has been an important help in assessing the effects of a large number of <a href="/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution">environmental pollutants</a> on the shrimps under well controlled experimental conditions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conservation">Conservation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brine_shrimp&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Conservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Artemia_monica.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Artemia_monica.jpg/220px-Artemia_monica.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Artemia_monica.jpg/330px-Artemia_monica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Artemia_monica.jpg/440px-Artemia_monica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="507" /></a><figcaption><i>Artemia monica</i> (male)</figcaption></figure> <p>Overall, brine shrimp are abundant, but some populations and localized species do face threats, especially from habitat loss to <a href="/wiki/Introduced_species" title="Introduced species">introduced species</a>. For example, <i><a href="/wiki/Artemia_franciscana" title="Artemia franciscana">A. franciscana</a></i> of the Americas has been widely introduced to places outside its native range and is often able to outcompete local species, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Artemia_salina" title="Artemia salina">A. salina</a></i> in the Mediterranean region.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Naceur2009_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Naceur2009-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the highly localized species are <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artemia_urmiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artemia urmiana (page does not exist)">A. urmiana</a></i> from <a href="/wiki/Lake_Urmia" title="Lake Urmia">Lake Urmia</a> in Iran. Once abundant, the species has drastically declined due to drought, leading to fears that it was almost extinct.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, a second population of this species has recently been discovered in the <a href="/wiki/Koyashskoye_Salt_Lake" title="Koyashskoye Salt Lake">Koyashskoye Salt Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Artemia_monica" title="Artemia monica">A. monica</a></i>, the species commonly known as Mono Lake brine shrimp, can be found in <a href="/wiki/Mono_Lake" title="Mono Lake">Mono Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mono_County,_California" title="Mono County, California">Mono County, California</a>. In 1987, Dennis D. Murphy from <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> petitioned the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service" title="United States Fish and Wildlife Service">United States Fish and Wildlife Service</a> to add <i>A. monica</i> to the endangered species list under the <a href="/wiki/Endangered_Species_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Endangered Species Act">Endangered Species Act</a> (1973). The diversion of water by the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Department_of_Water_and_Power" title="Los Angeles Department of Water and Power">Los Angeles Department of Water and Power</a> resulted in rising <a href="/wiki/Salinity" title="Salinity">salinity</a> and concentration of <a href="/wiki/Sodium_hydroxide" title="Sodium hydroxide">sodium hydroxide</a> in Mono Lake. Despite the presence of trillions of brine shrimp in the lake, the petition contended that the increase in <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> would endanger them. The threat to the lake's water levels was addressed by a revision to <a href="/wiki/California_State_Water_Resources_Control_Board" title="California State Water Resources Control Board">California State Water Resources Control Board</a>'s policy, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service found on 7 September 1995 that the Mono Lake brine shrimp did not warrant listing.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Space_experiment">Space experiment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brine_shrimp&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Space experiment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Scientists have taken the eggs of brine shrimp to <a href="/wiki/Outer_space" title="Outer space">outer space</a> to test the impact of <a href="/wiki/Cosmic_ray" title="Cosmic ray">radiation</a> on life. Brine shrimp cysts were flown on the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Biosatellite_2" title="Biosatellite 2">Biosatellite 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">Apollo 16</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">Apollo 17</a> missions, and on the Russian <a href="/wiki/Bion-3" class="mw-redirect" title="Bion-3">Bion-3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cosmos_782" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmos 782">Cosmos 782</a>), <a href="/wiki/Bion-5" class="mw-redirect" title="Bion-5">Bion-5</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cosmos_1129" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmos 1129">Cosmos 1129</a>), <a href="/wiki/Foton_(satellite)" title="Foton (satellite)">Foton</a> 10, and Foton 11 flights. Some of the Russian flights carried European Space Agency experiments. </p><p>On Apollo 16 and Apollo 17, the cysts traveled to the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> and back. <a href="/wiki/Cosmic_ray" title="Cosmic ray">Cosmic rays</a> that passed through an egg would be detected on the <a href="/wiki/Photographic_film" title="Photographic film">photographic film</a> in its container. Some eggs were kept on Earth as <a href="/wiki/Scientific_control" title="Scientific control">experimental controls</a> as part of the tests. Also, as the take-off in a <a href="/wiki/Spacecraft" title="Spacecraft">spacecraft</a> involves a lot of shaking and <a href="/wiki/Acceleration" title="Acceleration">acceleration</a>, one control group of egg cysts was accelerated to seven times the force of <a href="/wiki/Gravity" title="Gravity">gravity</a> and vibrated mechanically from side to side for several minutes so that they could experience the same violence of a rocket take-off.<sup id="cite_ref-R14_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R14-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 400 eggs were in each experimental group. All the egg cysts from the experiment were then placed in salt water to hatch under optimum conditions. The results showed <i>A. salina</i> eggs are highly sensitive to cosmic radiation; 90% of the <a href="/wiki/Embryo" title="Embryo">embryos</a> induced to develop from hit eggs died at different developmental stages.<sup id="cite_ref-R15_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R15-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brine_shrimp&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 32em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAlireza_Asem2023" class="citation journal cs1">Alireza Asem (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/368882845">"Phylogenetic analysis of problematic Asian species of Artemia Leach, 1819 (Crustacea, Anostraca), with the descriptions of two new species"</a>. <i>Journal of Crustacean Biology</i>. <b>83</b>: 1–25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Crustacean+Biology&rft.atitle=Phylogenetic+analysis+of+problematic+Asian+species+of+Artemia+Leach%2C+1819+%28Crustacea%2C+Anostraca%29%2C+with+the+descriptions+of+two+new+species&rft.volume=83&rft.pages=1-25&rft.date=2023&rft.au=Alireza+Asem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F368882845&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrine+shrimp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlireza_AsemAmin_Eimanifar2016" class="citation journal cs1">Alireza Asem; Amin Eimanifar (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160401073432/http://alireza-asem.ir/Asem%20and%20Eimaifar%20(2016)1.pdf">"Updating historical record on brine shrimp Artemia (Crustacea: Anostraca) from Urmia Lake (Iran) in the first half of the 10th century AD"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>International Journal of Aquatic Science</i>. <b>7</b>: 1–5. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alireza-asem.ir/Asem%20and%20Eimaifar%20(2016)1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-04-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-11-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Aquatic+Science&rft.atitle=Updating+historical+record+on+brine+shrimp+Artemia+%28Crustacea%3A+Anostraca%29+from+Urmia+Lake+%28Iran%29+in+the+first+half+of+the+10th+century+AD&rft.volume=7&rft.pages=1-5&rft.date=2016&rft.au=Alireza+Asem&rft.au=Amin+Eimanifar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alireza-asem.ir%2FAsem%2520and%2520Eimaifar%2520%282016%291.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrine+shrimp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-R2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-R2_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlireza_Asem2008" class="citation journal cs1">Alireza Asem (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161201062316/http://www.alireza-asem.ir/Asem4.pdf">"Historical record on brine shrimp <i>Artemia</i> more than one thousand years ago from Urmia Lake, Iran"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Biological Research-Thessaloniki</i>. <b>9</b>: 113–114. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alireza-asem.ir/Asem4.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-12-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-05-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Research-Thessaloniki&rft.atitle=Historical+record+on+brine+shrimp+Artemia+more+than+one+thousand+years+ago+from+Urmia+Lake%2C+Iran&rft.volume=9&rft.pages=113-114&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Alireza+Asem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alireza-asem.ir%2FAsem4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrine+shrimp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-R3-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-R3_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-R3_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin_Daintith1996" class="citation book cs1">Martin Daintith (1996). <i>Rotifers and </i>Artemia<i> for Marine Aquaculture: a Training Guide</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Tasmania" title="University of Tasmania">University of Tasmania</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/222006176">222006176</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rotifers+and+Artemia+for+Marine+Aquaculture%3A+a+Training+Guide&rft.pub=University+of+Tasmania&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F222006176&rft.au=Martin+Daintith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrine+shrimp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fao.org/3/w3732e/w3732e0m.htm">"Introduction, biology and ecology of Artemia"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Introduction%2C+biology+and+ecology+of+Artemia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2F3%2Fw3732e%2Fw3732e0m.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrine+shrimp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-R4-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-R4_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFF._A._Abreu-Grobois1987" class="citation book cs1">F. A. Abreu-Grobois (1987). "A review of the genetics of <i>Artemia</i>". In P. Sorgerloo; D. A. Bengtson; W. Decleir; E. Jasper (eds.). <i><span></span></i>Artemia<i> Research and its Applications. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on the Brine Shrimp </i>Artemia<i>, organised under the patronage of His Majesty the King of Belgium</i>. Vol. 1. Wetteren, Belgium: Universa Press. pp. 61–99. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/17978639">17978639</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+review+of+the+genetics+of+Artemia&rft.btitle=Artemia+Research+and+its+Applications.+Proceedings+of+the+Second+International+Symposium+on+the+Brine+Shrimp+Artemia%2C+organised+under+the+patronage+of+His+Majesty+the+King+of+Belgium&rft.place=Wetteren%2C+Belgium&rft.pages=61-99&rft.pub=Universa+Press&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F17978639&rft.au=F.+A.+Abreu-Grobois&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrine+shrimp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Vos2014" class="citation book cs1">De Vos, Stephanie (2014). <i>Genomic tools and sex determination in the extremophile brine shrimp Artemia franciscana</i>. Ghent: UGent. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-5989-717-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-5989-717-5"><bdi>978-90-5989-717-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genomic+tools+and+sex+determination+in+the+extremophile+brine+shrimp+Artemia+franciscana&rft.place=Ghent&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=UGent&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-90-5989-717-5&rft.aulast=De+Vos&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrine+shrimp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-R5-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-R5_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-R5_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-R5_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCleveland_P._Hickman1967" class="citation book cs1">Cleveland P. Hickman (1967). <i>Biology of Invertebrates</i>. St. Louis, Missouri: C. V. Mosby. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL19205202M">19205202M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biology+of+Invertebrates&rft.place=St.+Louis%2C+Missouri&rft.pub=C.+V.+Mosby&rft.date=1967&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL19205202M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.au=Cleveland+P.+Hickman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrine+shrimp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-R6-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-R6_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-R6_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-R6_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFR._J._CrielH._T._Macrae2002" class="citation book cs1">R. J. Criel & H. T. Macrae (2002). "<i>Artemia</i> morphology and structure". In T. J. Abatzopoulos; J. A. Breardmore; J. S. Clegg & P. Sorgerloos (eds.). <i><span></span></i>Artemia<i>: Basic and Applied Biology</i>. <a href="/wiki/Kluwer_Academic_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Kluwer Academic Publishers">Kluwer Academic Publishers</a>. pp. 1–33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-0746-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-0746-0"><bdi>978-1-4020-0746-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Artemia+morphology+and+structure&rft.btitle=Artemia%3A+Basic+and+Applied+Biology&rft.pages=1-33&rft.pub=Kluwer+Academic+Publishers&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-4020-0746-0&rft.au=R.+J.+Criel&rft.au=H.+T.+Macrae&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrine+shrimp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Warren-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Warren_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Warren_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_K._Warren2006" class="citation book cs1">John K. Warren (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ihny39BvVhIC&pg=PA641">"Halotolerant life in feast or famine (a source of hydrocarbons and a fixer of metals)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/evaporitessedime0000warr/page/617"><i>Evaporites: Sediments, Resources and Hydrocarbons</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Birkh%C3%A4user_Verlag" class="mw-redirect" title="Birkhäuser Verlag">Birkhäuser</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/evaporitessedime0000warr/page/617">617–704</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-26011-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-540-26011-0"><bdi>978-3-540-26011-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Halotolerant+life+in+feast+or+famine+%28a+source+of+hydrocarbons+and+a+fixer+of+metals%29&rft.btitle=Evaporites%3A+Sediments%2C+Resources+and+Hydrocarbons&rft.pages=617-704&rft.pub=Birkh%C3%A4user&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-3-540-26011-0&rft.au=John+K.+Warren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dihny39BvVhIC%26pg%3DPA641&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrine+shrimp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-R7-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-R7_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-R7_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitey_Hitchcock" class="citation web cs1">Whitey Hitchcock. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100903034459/http://www.drwhitey.com/Ecology/Artemia/BrineShrimp.html">"Brine shrimp"</a>. Clinton High School Science. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drwhitey.com/Ecology/Artemia/BrineShrimp.html">the original</a> on September 3, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 13,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brine+shrimp&rft.pub=Clinton+High+School+Science&rft.au=Whitey+Hitchcock&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drwhitey.com%2FEcology%2FArtemia%2FBrineShrimp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrine+shrimp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tyson-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tyson_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreta_E._TysonMichael_L._Sullivan1980" class="citation journal cs1">Greta E. Tyson & Michael L. Sullivan (1980). "Scanning electron microscopy of the frontal knobs of the male brine shrimp". <i>Transactions of the American Microscopical Society</i>. <b>99</b> (2): 167–172. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3225702">10.2307/3225702</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3225702">3225702</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+American+Microscopical+Society&rft.atitle=Scanning+electron+microscopy+of+the+frontal+knobs+of+the+male+brine+shrimp&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=167-172&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3225702&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3225702%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Greta+E.+Tyson&rft.au=Michael+L.+Sullivan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrine+shrimp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid26356354-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid26356354_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO._NouguéN._O._RodeR._Jabbour-ZahabA._Ségard2015" class="citation journal cs1">O. Nougué; N. O. Rode; R. Jabbour-Zahab; A. Ségard; L.-M. Chevin; C. R. Haag; T. Lenormand (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fjeb.12757">"Automixis in <i>Artemia</i>: solving a century-old controversy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Evolutionary_Biology" title="Journal of Evolutionary Biology">Journal of Evolutionary Biology</a></i>. <b>28</b> (12): 2337–48. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fjeb.12757">10.1111/jeb.12757</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26356354">26356354</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Evolutionary+Biology&rft.atitle=Automixis+in+Artemia%3A+solving+a+century-old+controversy&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=2337-48&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fjeb.12757&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26356354&rft.au=O.+Nougu%C3%A9&rft.au=N.+O.+Rode&rft.au=R.+Jabbour-Zahab&rft.au=A.+S%C3%A9gard&rft.au=L.-M.+Chevin&rft.au=C.+R.+Haag&rft.au=T.+Lenormand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fjeb.12757&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrine+shrimp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-R8-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-R8_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFP._SorgeloosP._DhertP._Candreva2001" class="citation journal cs1">P. Sorgeloos; P. Dhert & P. Candreva (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/54679.pdf">"Use of the brine shrimp, <i>Artemia</i> spp., in marine fish larviculture"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Aquaculture_(journal)" title="Aquaculture (journal)">Aquaculture</a></i>. <b>200</b> (1–2): 147–159. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001Aquac.200..147S">2001Aquac.200..147S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0044-8486%2801%2900698-6">10.1016/s0044-8486(01)00698-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture&rft.atitle=Use+of+the+brine+shrimp%2C+Artemia+spp.%2C+in+marine+fish+larviculture&rft.volume=200&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=147-159&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0044-8486%2801%2900698-6&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2001Aquac.200..147S&rft.au=P.+Sorgeloos&rft.au=P.+Dhert&rft.au=P.+Candreva&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vliz.be%2Fimisdocs%2Fpublications%2F54679.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrine+shrimp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-R9-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-R9_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKai_Schumann1997" class="citation web cs1">Kai Schumann (August 10, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070814003850/http://web.cecs.pdx.edu/~davidr/discus/articles/artemia.html">"<i>Artemia</i> (Brine Shrimp) FAQ 1.1"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Portland_State_University" title="Portland State University">Portland State University</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.cecs.pdx.edu/~davidr/discus/articles/artemia.html">the original</a> on August 14, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 13,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Artemia+%28Brine+Shrimp%29+FAQ+1.1&rft.pub=Portland+State+University&rft.date=1997-08-10&rft.au=Kai+Schumann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.cecs.pdx.edu%2F~davidr%2Fdiscus%2Farticles%2Fartemia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrine+shrimp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManiatsiBaxevanisKappasDeligiannidis2011" class="citation journal cs1">Maniatsi, Stefania; Baxevanis, Athanasios D.; Kappas, Ilias; Deligiannidis, Panagiotis; Triantafyllidis, Alexander; Papakostas, Spiros; Bougiouklis, Dimitrios; Abatzopoulos, Theodore J. (2011-02-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2010.11.029">"Is polyploidy a persevering accident or an adaptive evolutionary pattern? The case of the brine shrimp Artemia"</a>. <i>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</i>. <b>58</b> (2): 353–364. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2010.11.029">10.1016/j.ympev.2010.11.029</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21145977">21145977</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Phylogenetics+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=Is+polyploidy+a+persevering+accident+or+an+adaptive+evolutionary+pattern%3F+The+case+of+the+brine+shrimp+Artemia&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=353-364&rft.date=2011-02-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ympev.2010.11.029&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21145977&rft.aulast=Maniatsi&rft.aufirst=Stefania&rft.au=Baxevanis%2C+Athanasios+D.&rft.au=Kappas%2C+Ilias&rft.au=Deligiannidis%2C+Panagiotis&rft.au=Triantafyllidis%2C+Alexander&rft.au=Papakostas%2C+Spiros&rft.au=Bougiouklis%2C+Dimitrios&rft.au=Abatzopoulos%2C+Theodore+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.ympev.2010.11.029&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrine+shrimp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVosBossierStappenVercauteren2013" class="citation journal cs1">Vos, Stephanie De; Bossier, Peter; Stappen, Gilbert Van; Vercauteren, Ilse; Sorgeloos, Patrick; Vuylsteke, Marnik (2013-03-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3587612">"A first AFLP-Based Genetic Linkage Map for Brine Shrimp Artemia franciscana and Its Application in Mapping the Sex Locus"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. <b>8</b> (3): e57585. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PLoSO...857585D">2013PLoSO...857585D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0057585">10.1371/journal.pone.0057585</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1932-6203">1932-6203</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3587612">3587612</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23469207">23469207</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=A+first+AFLP-Based+Genetic+Linkage+Map+for+Brine+Shrimp+Artemia+franciscana+and+Its+Application+in+Mapping+the+Sex+Locus&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=e57585&rft.date=2013-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3587612%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013PLoSO...857585D&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23469207&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0057585&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.aulast=Vos&rft.aufirst=Stephanie+De&rft.au=Bossier%2C+Peter&rft.au=Stappen%2C+Gilbert+Van&rft.au=Vercauteren%2C+Ilse&rft.au=Sorgeloos%2C+Patrick&rft.au=Vuylsteke%2C+Marnik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3587612&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrine+shrimp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanRenOuyangZhang2021" class="citation journal cs1">Han, Xuekai; Ren, Yizhuo; Ouyang, Xuemei; Zhang, Bo; Sui, Liying (2021-07-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0044848621003549">"Construction of a high-density genetic linkage map and QTL mapping for sex and growth traits in Artemia franciscana"</a>. <i>Aquaculture</i>. <b>540</b>: 736692. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021Aquac.54036692H">2021Aquac.54036692H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.aquaculture.2021.736692">10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736692</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0044-8486">0044-8486</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:233663524">233663524</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture&rft.atitle=Construction+of+a+high-density+genetic+linkage+map+and+QTL+mapping+for+sex+and+growth+traits+in+Artemia+franciscana&rft.volume=540&rft.pages=736692&rft.date=2021-07-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.aquaculture.2021.736692&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A233663524%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0044-8486&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021Aquac.54036692H&rft.aulast=Han&rft.aufirst=Xuekai&rft.au=Ren%2C+Yizhuo&rft.au=Ouyang%2C+Xuemei&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Bo&rft.au=Sui%2C+Liying&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fpii%2FS0044848621003549&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrine+shrimp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_VosVan_StappenSorgeloosVuylsteke2019" class="citation journal cs1">De Vos, S.; Van Stappen, G.; Sorgeloos, P.; Vuylsteke, M.; Rombauts, S.; Bossier, P. (2019-02-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0044848617326066">"Identification of salt stress response genes using the Artemia transcriptome"</a>. <i>Aquaculture</i>. <b>500</b>: 305–314. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019Aquac.500..305D">2019Aquac.500..305D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.aquaculture.2018.09.067">10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.09.067</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0044-8486">0044-8486</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:92842322">92842322</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aquaculture&rft.atitle=Identification+of+salt+stress+response+genes+using+the+Artemia+transcriptome&rft.volume=500&rft.pages=305-314&rft.date=2019-02-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.aquaculture.2018.09.067&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A92842322%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0044-8486&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2019Aquac.500..305D&rft.aulast=De+Vos&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=Van+Stappen%2C+G.&rft.au=Sorgeloos%2C+P.&rft.au=Vuylsteke%2C+M.&rft.au=Rombauts%2C+S.&rft.au=Bossier%2C+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fpii%2FS0044848617326066&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrine+shrimp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeePark2020" class="citation journal cs1">Lee, Junmo; Park, Jong Soo (2020-10-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchsquare.com/">"Tolerance at the genetic level of the brine shrimp Artemia salina to a wide range of salinity"</a>. <i>www.researchsquare.com</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.21203%2Frs.3.rs-91049%2Fv1">10.21203/rs.3.rs-91049/v1</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:234621039">234621039</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.researchsquare.com&rft.atitle=Tolerance+at+the+genetic+level+of+the+brine+shrimp+Artemia+salina+to+a+wide+range+of+salinity&rft.date=2020-10-13&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.21203%2Frs.3.rs-91049%2Fv1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A234621039%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Junmo&rft.au=Park%2C+Jong+Soo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchsquare.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrine+shrimp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYiZhangLiuGiesy2020" class="citation journal cs1">Yi, Xianliang; Zhang, Keke; Liu, Renyan; Giesy, John P.; Li, Zhaochuan; Li, Wentao; Zhan, Jingjing; Liu, Lifen; Gong, Yufeng (2020-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0045653519318855">"Transcriptomic responses of Artemia salina exposed to an environmentally relevant dose of Alexandrium minutum cells or Gonyautoxin2/3"</a>. <i>Chemosphere</i>. <b>238</b>: 124661. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020Chmsp.23824661Y">2020Chmsp.23824661Y</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.chemosphere.2019.124661">10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124661</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0045-6535">0045-6535</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31472350">31472350</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:201700530">201700530</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Transcriptomic+responses+of+Artemia+salina+exposed+to+an+environmentally+relevant+dose+of+Alexandrium+minutum+cells+or+Gonyautoxin2%2F3&rft.volume=238&rft.pages=124661&rft.date=2020-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A201700530%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020Chmsp.23824661Y&rft.issn=0045-6535&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.chemosphere.2019.124661&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31472350&rft.aulast=Yi&rft.aufirst=Xianliang&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Keke&rft.au=Liu%2C+Renyan&rft.au=Giesy%2C+John+P.&rft.au=Li%2C+Zhaochuan&rft.au=Li%2C+Wentao&rft.au=Zhan%2C+Jingjing&rft.au=Liu%2C+Lifen&rft.au=Gong%2C+Yufeng&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fpii%2FS0045653519318855&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrine+shrimp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhangWangZhangWang2018" class="citation journal cs1">Zhang, Yulong; Wang, Di; Zhang, Zao; Wang, Zhangping; Zhang, Daochuan; Yin, Hong (2018-10-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1050464818303747">"Transcriptome analysis of Artemia sinica in response to Micrococcus lysodeikticus infection"</a>. <i>Fish & Shellfish Immunology</i>. <b>81</b>: 92–98. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.fsi.2018.06.033">10.1016/j.fsi.2018.06.033</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1050-4648">1050-4648</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30006042">30006042</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:51624497">51624497</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fish+%26+Shellfish+Immunology&rft.atitle=Transcriptome+analysis+of+Artemia+sinica+in+response+to+Micrococcus+lysodeikticus+infection&rft.volume=81&rft.pages=92-98&rft.date=2018-10-01&rft.issn=1050-4648&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A51624497%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30006042&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.fsi.2018.06.033&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Yulong&rft.au=Wang%2C+Di&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Zao&rft.au=Wang%2C+Zhangping&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Daochuan&rft.au=Yin%2C+Hong&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fpii%2FS1050464818303747&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrine+shrimp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChenChuChiuHong2021" class="citation journal cs1">Chen, Bonien; Chu, Tah-Wei; Chiu, Kuohsun; Hong, Ming-Chang; Wu, Tsung-Meng; Ma, Jui-Wen; Liang, Chih-Ming; Wang, Wei-Kuang (2021-02-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7894940">"Transcriptomic analysis elucidates the molecular processes associated with hydrogen peroxide-induced diapause termination in Artemia-encysted embryos"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. <b>16</b> (2): e0247160. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021PLoSO..1647160C">2021PLoSO..1647160C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0247160">10.1371/journal.pone.0247160</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1932-6203">1932-6203</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7894940">7894940</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33606769">33606769</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=Transcriptomic+analysis+elucidates+the+molecular+processes+associated+with+hydrogen+peroxide-induced+diapause+termination+in+Artemia-encysted+embryos&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=e0247160&rft.date=2021-02-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7894940%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021PLoSO..1647160C&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33606769&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0247160&rft.issn=1932-6203&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Bonien&rft.au=Chu%2C+Tah-Wei&rft.au=Chiu%2C+Kuohsun&rft.au=Hong%2C+Ming-Chang&rft.au=Wu%2C+Tsung-Meng&rft.au=Ma%2C+Jui-Wen&rft.au=Liang%2C+Chih-Ming&rft.au=Wang%2C+Wei-Kuang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7894940&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrine+shrimp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-De-Vos-et-al-2021-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-De-Vos-et-al-2021_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-De-Vos-et-al-2021_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_VosRombautsCoussementDermauw2021" class="citation journal cs1">De Vos, Stephanie; Rombauts, Stephane; Coussement, Louis; Dermauw, Wannes; Vuylsteke, Marnik; Sorgeloos, Patrick; Clegg, James S.; Nambu, Ziro; Van Nieuwerburgh, Filip; Norouzitallab, Parisa; Van Leeuwen, Thomas (2021-08-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8406910">"The genome of the extremophile Artemia provides insight into strategies to cope with extreme environments"</a>. <i>BMC Genomics</i>. <b>22</b> (1): 635. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12864-021-07937-z">10.1186/s12864-021-07937-z</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1471-2164">1471-2164</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8406910">8406910</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34465293">34465293</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Genomics&rft.atitle=The+genome+of+the+extremophile+Artemia+provides+insight+into+strategies+to+cope+with+extreme+environments&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=635&rft.date=2021-08-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8406910%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1471-2164&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34465293&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs12864-021-07937-z&rft.aulast=De+Vos&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft.au=Rombauts%2C+Stephane&rft.au=Coussement%2C+Louis&rft.au=Dermauw%2C+Wannes&rft.au=Vuylsteke%2C+Marnik&rft.au=Sorgeloos%2C+Patrick&rft.au=Clegg%2C+James+S.&rft.au=Nambu%2C+Ziro&rft.au=Van+Nieuwerburgh%2C+Filip&rft.au=Norouzitallab%2C+Parisa&rft.au=Van+Leeuwen%2C+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8406910&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrine+shrimp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-R12-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-R12_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMicharl_DockeyStephen_Tonkins" class="citation web cs1">Micharl Dockey & Stephen Tonkins. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090708032931/http://www.britishecologicalsociety.org/documents/education/brine_shrimp_ecology.pdf">"Brine shrimp ecology"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/British_Ecological_Society" title="British Ecological Society">British Ecological Society</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishecologicalsociety.org/documents/education/brine_shrimp_ecology.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2009-07-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brine+shrimp+ecology&rft.pub=British+Ecological+Society&rft.au=Micharl+Dockey&rft.au=Stephen+Tonkins&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishecologicalsociety.org%2Fdocuments%2Feducation%2Fbrine_shrimp_ecology.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrine+shrimp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-R13-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-R13_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFL._LewanM._AnderrsonP._Morales-Gomez1992" class="citation journal cs1">L. Lewan; M. Anderrson & P. Morales-Gomez (1992). "The use of <i>Artemia salina</i> in toxicity testing". <i>Alternatives to Laboratory Animals</i>. <b>20</b> (2): 297–301. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F026119299202000222">10.1177/026119299202000222</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:88834451">88834451</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alternatives+to+Laboratory+Animals&rft.atitle=The+use+of+Artemia+salina+in+toxicity+testing&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=297-301&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F026119299202000222&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A88834451%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=L.+Lewan&rft.au=M.+Anderrson&rft.au=P.+Morales-Gomez&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrine+shrimp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuñoz_JGómez_AGreen_AJFiguerola_J_(Branchiopoda:_Anostraca)2008" class="citation journal cs1">Muñoz J; Gómez A; Green AJ; Figuerola J (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) (2008). "Phylogeography and local endemism of the native Mediterranean brine shrimp <i>Artemia salina</i> (Branchiopoda: Anostraca)". <i>Mol. Ecol</i>. <b>17</b> (13): 3160–3177. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008MolEc..17.3160M">2008MolEc..17.3160M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-294X.2008.03818.x">10.1111/j.1365-294X.2008.03818.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10261%2F37169">10261/37169</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18510585">18510585</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:23565318">23565318</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mol.+Ecol.&rft.atitle=Phylogeography+and+local+endemism+of+the+native+Mediterranean+brine+shrimp+Artemia+salina+%28Branchiopoda%3A+Anostraca%29&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=13&rft.pages=3160-3177&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10261%2F37169&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A23565318%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008MolEc..17.3160M&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18510585&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1365-294X.2008.03818.x&rft.au=Mu%C3%B1oz+J&rft.au=G%C3%B3mez+A&rft.au=Green+AJ&rft.au=Figuerola+J+%28Branchiopoda%3A+Anostraca%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrine+shrimp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Naceur2009-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Naceur2009_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHachem_Ben_NaceurAmel_Ben_Rejeb_JenhaniMohamed_Salah_Romdhane2009" class="citation journal cs1">Hachem Ben Naceur; Amel Ben Rejeb Jenhani; Mohamed Salah Romdhane (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15560%2F5.2.281">"New distribution record of the brine shrimp Artemia (Crustacea, Branchiopoda, Anostraca) in Tunisia"</a>. <i>Check List</i>. <b>5</b> (2): 281–288. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15560%2F5.2.281">10.15560/5.2.281</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1809-127X">1809-127X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Check+List&rft.atitle=New+distribution+record+of+the+brine+shrimp+Artemia+%28Crustacea%2C+Branchiopoda%2C+Anostraca%29+in+Tunisia&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=281-288&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15560%2F5.2.281&rft.issn=1809-127X&rft.au=Hachem+Ben+Naceur&rft.au=Amel+Ben+Rejeb+Jenhani&rft.au=Mohamed+Salah+Romdhane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.15560%252F5.2.281&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrine+shrimp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://financialtribune.com/articles/people/7606/lake-urumia-s-artemia-face-extinction">"Lake Urumia's Artemia Face Extinction"</a>. Financial Tribune. 28 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Lake+Urumia%27s+Artemia+Face+Extinction&rft.date=2014-12-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffinancialtribune.com%2Farticles%2Fpeople%2F7606%2Flake-urumia-s-artemia-face-extinction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrine+shrimp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEimanifar_AAsem_ADjamali_MWink_M2016" class="citation journal cs1">Eimanifar A; Asem A; Djamali M; Wink M (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200210174823/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/365b/9f5ae7eb1e6b0a89f827a39a0d377e21cad4.pdf">"A note on the biogeographical origin of the brine shrimp Artemia urmiana Günther, 1899 from Urmia Lake, Iran"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Zootaxa</i>. <b>4097</b> (2): 294–300. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11646%2Fzootaxa.4097.2.12">10.11646/zootaxa.4097.2.12</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27394547">27394547</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25998873">25998873</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/365b/9f5ae7eb1e6b0a89f827a39a0d377e21cad4.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2020-02-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zootaxa&rft.atitle=A+note+on+the+biogeographical+origin+of+the+brine+shrimp+Artemia+urmiana+G%C3%BCnther%2C+1899+from+Urmia+Lake%2C+Iran&rft.volume=4097&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=294-300&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A25998873%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27394547&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.11646%2Fzootaxa.4097.2.12&rft.au=Eimanifar+A&rft.au=Asem+A&rft.au=Djamali+M&rft.au=Wink+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpdfs.semanticscholar.org%2F365b%2F9f5ae7eb1e6b0a89f827a39a0d377e21cad4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrine+shrimp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://frwebgate3.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/waisgate.cgi?WAISdocID=9913285177+1+0+0iWAISaction=retrieve">"Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 12-Month Finding for a Petition to List the Mono Lake Brine Shrimp as Endangered"</a>. <i>Federal Register</i>. <b>60</b> (173): 46571–46572. 1995.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+Register&rft.atitle=Endangered+and+Threatened+Wildlife+and+Plants%3B+12-Month+Finding+for+a+Petition+to+List+the+Mono+Lake+Brine+Shrimp+as+Endangered&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=173&rft.pages=46571-46572&rft.date=1995&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffrwebgate3.access.gpo.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fwaisgate.cgi%3FWAISdocID%3D9913285177%2B1%2B0%2B0iWAISaction%3Dretrieve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrine+shrimp" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-R14-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-R14_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFH._PlanelY._GaubinR._KaiserB._Pianezzi1980" class="citation journal cs1">H. Planel; Y. Gaubin; R. Kaiser; B. Pianezzi (1980). "The effects of cosmic rays on <i>Artemia</i> egg cysts". <i>Laboratoire Médicale</i>. Report for National Aeronautics and Space Administration.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Laboratoire+M%C3%A9dicale&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+cosmic+rays+on+Artemia+egg+cysts&rft.date=1980&rft.au=H.+Planel&rft.au=Y.+Gaubin&rft.au=R.+Kaiser&rft.au=B.+Pianezzi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrine+shrimp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-R15-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-R15_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFH._BückerG._Horneck1975" class="citation journal cs1">H. Bücker & G. Horneck (1975). "The biological effectiveness of HZE-particles of cosmic radiation studied in the Apollo 16 and 17 Biostack experiments". <i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Astronautica" title="Acta Astronautica">Acta Astronautica</a></i>. <b>2</b> (3–4): 247–264. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1975AcAau...2..247B">1975AcAau...2..247B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0094-5765%2875%2990095-8">10.1016/0094-5765(75)90095-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11887916">11887916</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Astronautica&rft.atitle=The+biological+effectiveness+of+HZE-particles+of+cosmic+radiation+studied+in+the+Apollo+16+and+17+Biostack+experiments&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.pages=247-264&rft.date=1975&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11887916&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0094-5765%2875%2990095-8&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1975AcAau...2..247B&rft.au=H.+B%C3%BCcker&rft.au=G.+Horneck&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrine+shrimp" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brine_shrimp&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Artemia" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Artemia">Artemia</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100313171007/http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/Taxonomicon/TaxonTree.aspx?id=33062">"Genus <i>Artemia</i>"</a>. <i>Systema Naturae 2000</i>. The Taxonomicon. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/Taxonomicon/TaxonTree.aspx?id=33062">the original</a> on March 13, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 13,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Systema+Naturae+2000&rft.atitle=Genus+Artemia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsn2000.taxonomy.nl%2FTaxonomicon%2FTaxonTree.aspx%3Fid%3D33062&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrine+shrimp" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Fox2004" class="citation web cs1">Richard Fox (February 13, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060423082302/http://www.lander.edu/rsfox/310artemiaLab.html">"<i>Artemia</i> Laboratory Exercise – <i>Artemia franciscana</i>"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lander.edu/rsfox/310artemiaLab.html">the original</a> on April 23, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 13,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Artemia+Laboratory+Exercise+%E2%80%93+Artemia+franciscana&rft.date=2004-02-13&rft.au=Richard+Fox&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lander.edu%2Frsfox%2F310artemiaLab.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrine+shrimp" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ut.water.usgs.gov/greatsaltlake/shrimp/">"Brine Shrimp and Ecology of Great Salt Lake"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>. May 15, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 13,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brine+Shrimp+and+Ecology+of+Great+Salt+Lake&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft.date=2009-05-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fut.water.usgs.gov%2Fgreatsaltlake%2Fshrimp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrine+shrimp" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Families_of_class_Branchiopoda" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Branchiopoda" title="Template:Branchiopoda"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Branchiopoda" title="Template talk:Branchiopoda"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Branchiopoda" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Branchiopoda"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Families_of_class_Branchiopoda" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Families of class <a href="/wiki/Branchiopoda" title="Branchiopoda">Branchiopoda</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>Kingdom <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum <a href="/wiki/Arthropod" title="Arthropod">Arthropoda</a></li> <li>Subphylum <a href="/wiki/Crustacean" title="Crustacean">Crustacea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anostraca" title="Anostraca">Anostraca</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Artemiidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branchinectidae" title="Branchinectidae">Branchinectidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branchipodidae" title="Branchipodidae">Branchipodidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chirocephalidae" title="Chirocephalidae">Chirocephalidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parartemia" title="Parartemia">Parartemiidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streptocephalus" title="Streptocephalus">Streptocephalidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanymastigidae" title="Tanymastigidae">Tanymastigidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thamnocephalidae" title="Thamnocephalidae">Thamnocephalidae</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Triops-longicaudatus-adult-ventral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Triops-longicaudatus-adult-ventral.jpg/90px-Triops-longicaudatus-adult-ventral.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Triops-longicaudatus-adult-ventral.jpg/135px-Triops-longicaudatus-adult-ventral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Triops-longicaudatus-adult-ventral.jpg/180px-Triops-longicaudatus-adult-ventral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3769" data-file-height="5055" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Notostraca" title="Notostraca">Notostraca</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Notostraca" title="Notostraca">Triopsidae</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Triops" title="Triops">Triops</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lepidurus" title="Lepidurus">Lepidurus</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Laevicaudata" class="mw-redirect" title="Laevicaudata">Laevicaudata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lynceidae" title="Lynceidae">Lynceidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spinicaudata" class="mw-redirect" title="Spinicaudata">Spinicaudata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyzicidae" title="Cyzicidae">Cyzicidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leptestheriidae" title="Leptestheriidae">Leptestheriidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limnadiidae" title="Limnadiidae">Limnadiidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cyclestherida" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclestherida">Cyclestherida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyclestheriidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyclestheriidae">Cyclestheriidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cladocera" class="mw-redirect" title="Cladocera">Cladocera</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ctenopoda" title="Ctenopoda">Ctenopoda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holopediidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Holopediidae">Holopediidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudopenilia" title="Pseudopenilia">Pseudopenilidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sididae" title="Sididae">Sididae</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anomopoda" title="Anomopoda">Anomopoda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosminidae" title="Bosminidae">Bosminidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chydoridae" title="Chydoridae">Chydoridae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daphniidae" title="Daphniidae">Daphniidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyocryptidae" title="Ilyocryptidae">Ilyocryptidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrotrichidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Macrotrichidae">Macrotrichidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moinidae" title="Moinidae">Moinidae</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onychopoda" title="Onychopoda">Onychopoda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cercopagididae" title="Cercopagididae">Cercopagididae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podonidae" title="Podonidae">Podonidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyphemus_(crustacean)" title="Polyphemus (crustacean)">Polyphemidae</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leptodora" title="Leptodora">Haplopoda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leptodora" title="Leptodora">Leptodoridae</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Artemia</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134772" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q134772">Q134772</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Artemia" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Artemia">Artemia</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Artemia/">Artemia</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Faunal_Directory" title="Australian Faunal Directory">AFD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Artemia">Artemia</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=4657">4657</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/BugGuide" title="BugGuide">BugGuide</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bugguide.net/node/view/704965">704965</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/62CGG">62CGG</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/42108">42108</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1ARTEG">1ARTEG</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:faunaeur.org:taxname:305123">305123</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea (new)</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fauna-eu.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/d5a3778e-5d03-411e-ac1c-8676cf97fdb9">d5a3778e-5d03-411e-ac1c-8676cf97fdb9</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2235232">2235232</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/86651">86651</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Invasive_Species_Compendium" title="Invasive Species Compendium">ISC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/103886">103886</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=83690">83690</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nbn.org.uk/Taxa/NHMSYS0001593214">NHMSYS0001593214</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=6660">6660</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/a5a50df1-c3f0-46a2-bccc-bf7742a757b6">a5a50df1-c3f0-46a2-bccc-bf7742a757b6</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=59091">59091</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plazi" title="Plazi">Plazi</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB7FA973-590A-FFA6-56C1-FC1D3F9AB758">FB7FA973-590A-FFA6-56C1-FC1D3F9AB758</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=480245">480245</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Artemiidae</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15715526" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q15715526">Q15715526</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Artemiidae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Artemiidae">Artemiidae</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Faunal_Directory" title="Australian Faunal Directory">AFD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Artemiidae">Artemiidae</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=1588">1588</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/BugGuide" title="BugGuide">BugGuide</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bugguide.net/node/view/704964">704964</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6R8">6R8</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/277">277</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1ARTEF">1ARTEF</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:faunaeur.org:taxname:14752">14752</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea (new)</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fauna-eu.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/54e6f2a7-95a9-42a4-8032-e4caec4ba9e4">54e6f2a7-95a9-42a4-8032-e4caec4ba9e4</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/3674">3674</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/85605">85605</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=110167">110167</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=83689">83689</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nbn.org.uk/Taxa/NBNSYS0000159435">NBNSYS0000159435</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=38009">38009</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=235435">235435</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plazi" title="Plazi">Plazi</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F85F87BA-FF8C-FF8D-11CF-38A3A1E0FADF">F85F87BA-FF8C-FF8D-11CF-38A3A1E0FADF</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=480244">480244</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134772#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Artemia"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph592595&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brine_shrimp&oldid=1250739368">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brine_shrimp&oldid=1250739368</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anostraca" title="Category:Anostraca">Anostraca</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Space-flown_life" title="Category:Space-flown life">Space-flown life</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Taxa_described_in_1757" title="Category:Taxa described in 1757">Taxa described in 1757</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_June_2019" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from June 2019">Articles with dead external links from June 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_%27species%27_microformats" title="Category:Articles with 'species' microformats">Articles with 'species' microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Taxonbars_with_multiple_manual_Wikidata_items" title="Category:Taxonbars with multiple manual Wikidata items">Taxonbars with multiple manual Wikidata items</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 12 October 2024, at 07:17<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brine_shrimp&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-5blz9","wgBackendResponseTime":170,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.150","walltime":"1.481","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8193,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":135834,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6770,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":41,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":157069,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":22,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1349.248 1 -total"," 27.96% 377.258 1 Template:Reflist"," 20.64% 278.494 1 Template:Automatic_taxobox"," 18.08% 243.957 22 Template:Cite_journal"," 16.40% 221.225 1 Template:Taxonbar"," 9.51% 128.343 2 Template:Fix"," 9.15% 123.412 1 Template:Citation_needed"," 7.26% 97.975 4 Template:Category_handler"," 7.20% 97.171 1 Template:Branchiopoda"," 6.98% 94.181 1 Template:Navbox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.866","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":11455929,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-486j8","timestamp":"20241123135058","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Brine shrimp","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Brine_shrimp","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q134772","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q134772","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-12-22T11:54:25Z","dateModified":"2024-10-12T07:17:01Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/3f\/Artemia_salina_4.jpg","headline":"Crustacean that inhabits saltwater lakes"}</script> </body> </html>