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<li id="toc-Comet_Boethin_lost" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comet_Boethin_lost"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Comet Boethin lost</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comet_Boethin_lost-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-EPOCh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EPOCh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>EPOCh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EPOCh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comet_flyby" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comet_flyby"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Comet flyby</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comet_flyby-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sundry_opportunities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sundry_opportunities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Sundry opportunities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sundry_opportunities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div 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id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>EPOXI</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="EPOXI" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPOXI" title="EPOXI – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="EPOXI" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPOXI" title="EPOXI – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="EPOXI" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPOXI" title="EPOXI – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="EPOXI" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPOXI" title="EPOXI – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="EPOXI" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPOXI" title="EPOXI – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="EPOXI" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPOXI" title="EPOXI – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="EPOXI" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPOXI" title="EPOXI – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="EPOXI" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPOXI" title="EPOXI – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="EPOXI" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82_(%D0%9A%D0%90)#EPOXI_—_расширенная_миссия" title="Дип Импакт (КА) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дип Импакт (КА)" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1089065853">.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight{width:25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight .infobox-header{background:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .ib-edit-wd{float:right}</style><table class="infobox ib-spaceflight"><caption class="infobox-title"><i>EPOXI</i></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PIA02109.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A spacecraft under construction hangs in the hallway of a laboratory as a scientist, clothed in a white protective suit, attaches scientific instruments to the spacecraft bus." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/PIA02109.jpg/300px-PIA02109.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/PIA02109.jpg/450px-PIA02109.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/PIA02109.jpg/600px-PIA02109.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="469" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The <a href="/wiki/Deep_Impact_(spacecraft)" title="Deep Impact (spacecraft)">Deep Impact</a> spacecraft at <a href="/wiki/Ball_Aerospace_%26_Technologies" title="Ball Aerospace & Technologies">Ball Aerospace & Technologies</a> in July 2004.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission type</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li>Flyby (<a href="/wiki/85D/Boethin" title="85D/Boethin">85D/Boethin</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/103P/Hartley" title="103P/Hartley">103P/Hartley</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/(163249)_2002_GT" title="(163249) 2002 GT">(163249) 2002 GT</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_observatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Space observatory">Space observatory</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Designator" title="International Designator">COSPAR ID</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2005-001A</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epoxi.umd.edu">epoxi<wbr />.umd<wbr />.edu</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission duration</th><td class="infobox-data">8 years, 18 days</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Spacecraft properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spacecraft</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Deep_Impact_(spacecraft)" title="Deep Impact (spacecraft)">Deep Impact</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">JPL</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ball_Aerospace_%26_Technologies_Corp." class="mw-redirect" title="Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp.">Ball Aerospace</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland,_College_Park" title="University of Maryland, College Park">University of Maryland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch mass</th><td class="infobox-data">650 kg<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Power</th><td class="infobox-data">620.0 <a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">W</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Start of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Entered service</th><td class="infobox-data">July 21, 2005<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2005-07-21</span>)</span><br /><small>(19 years, 4 months and 1 day ago)</small></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">End of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Last contact</th><td class="infobox-data">August 8, 2013<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2013-08-08</span>)</span><br /><small>(11 years, 3 months and 14 days ago)</small></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">Flyby of <a href="/wiki/103P/Hartley" title="103P/Hartley">Hartley 2</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Closest approach</th><td class="infobox-data">November 4, 2010<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2010-11-04</span>)</span> ~03:00 <a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a><br /><small>(14 years and 18 days ago)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Distance</th><td class="infobox-data">694 kilometres (431 mi)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EPOXI_Mission_Patch.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A circle with a blue border encloses an image of a spacecraft on approach to a comet. The words "EPOXI Mission" and "Deep Impact Extended Investigation" are written along the border of the image." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/EPOXI_Mission_Patch.png/200px-EPOXI_Mission_Patch.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/EPOXI_Mission_Patch.png/300px-EPOXI_Mission_Patch.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/EPOXI_Mission_Patch.png/400px-EPOXI_Mission_Patch.png 2x" data-file-width="3093" data-file-height="3093" /></a></span><br />Official insignia for the re-targeted <i>DIXI</i> mission to Hartley 2 <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>EPOXI</b></i> was a compilation of <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> <a href="/wiki/Discovery_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Discovery program">Discovery program</a> missions led by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland,_College_Park" title="University of Maryland, College Park">University of Maryland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Principal_investigator" title="Principal investigator">principal investigator</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_A%27Hearn" title="Michael A'Hearn">Michael A'Hearn</a>, with co-operation from the <a href="/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory" title="Jet Propulsion Laboratory">Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ball_Aerospace_%26_Technologies_Corp." class="mw-redirect" title="Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp.">Ball Aerospace</a>. <i>EPOXI</i> uses the <i><a href="/wiki/Deep_Impact_(spacecraft)" title="Deep Impact (spacecraft)">Deep Impact</a></i> spacecraft in a campaign consisting of two missions: the <i><b>Deep Impact Extended Investigation</b></i> (DIXI) and <i><b>Extrasolar Planet Observation and Characterization</b></i> (EPOCh). <i>DIXI</i> aimed to send the <i>Deep Impact</i> spacecraft on a flyby of another comet, after its primary mission was completed in July 2005, while <i>EPOCh</i> saw the spacecraft's photographic instruments as a <a href="/wiki/Space_observatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Space observatory">space observatory</a>, studying <a href="/wiki/Extrasolar_planets" class="mw-redirect" title="Extrasolar planets">extrasolar planets</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aHern_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aHern-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-newsdesk.umd.edu_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newsdesk.umd.edu-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>DIXI</i> successfully sent the <i>Deep Impact</i> spacecraft on a <a href="/wiki/Flyby_(spaceflight)" title="Flyby (spaceflight)">flyby</a> of comet <a href="/wiki/103P/Hartley" title="103P/Hartley">Hartley 2</a> on November 4, 2010, revealing a "hyperactive, small and feisty" comet, after three <a href="/wiki/Gravity_assist" title="Gravity assist">gravity assists</a> from <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> in December 2007, December 2008 and June 2010. The <i>DIXI</i> mission was not without problems, however; the spacecraft had initially been targeted for a December 5, 2008 flyby of comet <a href="/wiki/85D/Boethin" title="85D/Boethin">Boethin</a>, though, the comet could not be located, and was later declared a <a href="/wiki/Lost_comet" title="Lost comet">lost comet</a>, prompting mission planners to reorganize a flyby of an alternative target, Hartley 2. After its flyby of Hartley 2, the spacecraft was also set to make a close flyby of the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_asteroid" title="Apollo asteroid">Apollo asteroid</a> <a href="/wiki/(163249)_2002_GT" title="(163249) 2002 GT">(163249) 2002 GT</a> in 2020. The mission was suspended altogether, however, after contact with the spacecraft was suddenly lost in August 2013 and attempts to re-establish contact in the month following had failed.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mission scientists theorized that a <a href="/wiki/Year_2000_problem" title="Year 2000 problem">Y2K</a>-like problem had plagued the spacecraft's software. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission">Mission</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EPOXI&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Mission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hartley2jets2_epoxi_big.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Hartley2jets2_epoxi_big.jpg/220px-Hartley2jets2_epoxi_big.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Hartley2jets2_epoxi_big.jpg/330px-Hartley2jets2_epoxi_big.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Hartley2jets2_epoxi_big.jpg/440px-Hartley2jets2_epoxi_big.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2047" data-file-height="2220" /></a><figcaption>EPOXI mission observation of Hartley 2's jets</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Deep_Impact_(spacecraft)" title="Deep Impact (spacecraft)">Deep Impact</a></i> mission was finished with the visit to comet <a href="/wiki/Tempel_1" title="Tempel 1">Tempel 1</a>. But the spacecraft still had plenty of maneuvering fuel left, so NASA approved a second mission, called EPOXI (Extrasolar Planet Observation and Deep Impact Extended Investigation), which included a visit to a second comet (DIXI component) as well as observations of extrasolar planets (EPOCh component).<sup id="cite_ref-SDaily3_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SDaily3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comet_Boethin_lost">Comet Boethin lost</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EPOXI&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Comet Boethin lost"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On July 21, 2005, <i>Deep Impact</i> executed a trajectory correction maneuver that placed the spacecraft on course to fly past Earth on December 31, 2007. The maneuver allowed the spacecraft to use Earth's gravity to begin a new mission in a path towards another comet. In January 2008 <i>Deep Impact</i> began studying the stars with several known <a href="/wiki/Extrasolar_planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Extrasolar planet">extrasolar planets</a> in an attempt to find other such stars nearby. The larger of the spacecraft's two telescopes attempts to find the planets using the <a href="/wiki/Methods_of_detecting_extrasolar_planets#Transit_photometry" class="mw-redirect" title="Methods of detecting extrasolar planets">transit method</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SDaily3_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SDaily3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The initial plan was for a December 5, 2008 flyby of <a href="/wiki/Comet_Boethin" class="mw-redirect" title="Comet Boethin">Comet Boethin</a>, with the spacecraft coming within 435 miles (700 km). The spacecraft did not carry a second impactor to collide with the comet and would observe the comet to compare it to various characteristics found on <a href="/wiki/9P/Tempel" class="mw-redirect" title="9P/Tempel">9P/Tempel</a>. A'Hearn, the <i>Deep Impact</i> team leader reflected on the upcoming project at that time: "We propose to direct the spacecraft for a flyby of Comet Boethin to investigate whether the results found at Comet Tempel 1 are unique or are also found on other comets."<sup id="cite_ref-Skymania_News_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skymania_News-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He explained that the mission would provide only about half of the information collected during the collision with Tempel 1 but at a fraction of the cost.<sup id="cite_ref-Skymania_News_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skymania_News-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (EPOXI's low mission cost of $40 million is achieved by reusing the existing Deep Impact spacecraft.) <i>Deep Impact</i> would use its <a href="/wiki/Spectrometer" title="Spectrometer">spectrometer</a> to study the comet's surface composition and its telescopes for viewing the surface features.<sup id="cite_ref-SDaily3_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SDaily3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EPOXI_moon_transits_Earth.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/EPOXI_moon_transits_Earth.gif/220px-EPOXI_moon_transits_Earth.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/EPOXI_moon_transits_Earth.gif/330px-EPOXI_moon_transits_Earth.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/EPOXI_moon_transits_Earth.gif 2x" data-file-width="394" data-file-height="394" /></a><figcaption>Animation of the Moon <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_transit" title="Astronomical transit">transiting</a> the Earth on 28–29 May 2008 by EPOXI.</figcaption></figure> <p>However, as the Earth gravity assist approached, astronomers were unable to locate Comet Boethin, which is too faint to be observed. Consequently, its orbit could not be calculated with sufficient precision to permit a flyby. Instead, the team decided to send <i>Deep Impact</i> to comet <a href="/wiki/103P/Hartley" title="103P/Hartley">103P/Hartley</a> requiring an extra two years. NASA approved the additional funding required and retargeted the spacecraft.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mission controllers at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory began redirecting EPOXI on November 1, 2007. They commanded the spacecraft to perform a three-minute rocket burn that changed the spacecraft's velocity. EPOXI's new trajectory set the stage for three Earth flybys, the first on December 31, 2007. This placed the spacecraft into an orbital "holding pattern" so that it could encounter comet 103P/Hartley in 2010. </p><p>"It's exciting that we can send the <i>Deep Impact</i> spacecraft on a new mission that combines two totally independent science investigations, both of which can help us better understand how solar systems form and evolve," said in December 2007 <i>Deep Impact</i> leader and University of Maryland astronomer <a href="/wiki/Michael_A%27Hearn" title="Michael A'Hearn">Michael A'Hearn</a> who is principal investigator for both the overall EPOXI mission and its DIXI component.<sup id="cite_ref-newsdesk.umd.edu_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newsdesk.umd.edu-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2009,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> EPOXI's spectrometer scanned the Moon on its way to Hartley, and discovered traces of "water or hydroxyl", confirming a <a href="/wiki/Moon_Mineralogy_Mapper" title="Moon Mineralogy Mapper">Moon Mineralogy Mapper</a> observation — a discovery announced in late September, 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="EPOCh">EPOCh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EPOXI&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: EPOCh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before the 2008 flyby to re-orient for the comet 103P/Hartley encounter, the spacecraft used the High Resolution Instrument, the larger of its two telescopes, to perform photometric observations of previously discovered transiting <a href="/wiki/Extrasolar_planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Extrasolar planet">extrasolar planets</a> from January to August 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-EP_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EP-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The goal of <a href="/wiki/Photometry_(astronomy)" title="Photometry (astronomy)">photometric</a> observations is to measure the quantity of light, not necessarily resolve an image. An aberration in the primary mirror of the HRI <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> allowed the HRI to spread the light from observations over more pixels without saturating the CCD, effectively obtaining better data. A total of 198,434 images were exposed.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> EPOCh's goals were to study the physical properties of giant planets and search for rings, moons and planets<sup id="cite_ref-EP1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EP1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as small as three Earth masses.<sup id="cite_ref-EPS_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPS-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also looked at Earth as though it were an extrasolar planet to provide data that could characterize Earth-type planets for future missions, and it imaged the Earth over 24 hours to capture the Moon passing in front on 2008-05-29.<sup id="cite_ref-EP_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EP-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="toccolours sortable" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" align="center" style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; margin-left: 0; margin-right: auto;"> <caption>Planetary systems observed </caption> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#a0b0ff"> <th><a href="/wiki/Star" title="Star">Star</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Constellation" title="Constellation">Constellation</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Stellar_distance" class="mw-redirect" title="Stellar distance">Distance</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Light_year" class="mw-redirect" title="Light year">ly</a>)</small> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">Planet</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/XO-2_(star)" class="mw-redirect" title="XO-2 (star)">XO-2</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lynx_(constellation)" title="Lynx (constellation)">Lynx</a></td> <td>486 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/XO-2b" class="mw-redirect" title="XO-2b">b</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gliese_436" title="Gliese 436">Gliese 436</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leo_(constellation)" title="Leo (constellation)">Leo</a></td> <td>33.48 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gliese_436_b" title="Gliese 436 b">b</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/HAT-P-4" title="HAT-P-4">HAT-P-4</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bo%C3%B6tes" title="Boötes">Boötes</a></td> <td>1010 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/HAT-P-4b" title="HAT-P-4b">b</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/GSC_03089-00929" title="GSC 03089-00929">GSC 03089-00929</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hercules_(constellation)" title="Hercules (constellation)">Hercules</a></td> <td>1300 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/TrES-3b" title="TrES-3b">TrES-3b</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/WASP-3" title="WASP-3">WASP-3</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lyra_(constellation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyra (constellation)">Lyra</a></td> <td>727 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/WASP-3b" title="WASP-3b">b</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/GSC_03549-02811" title="GSC 03549-02811">GSC 03549-02811</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Draco_(constellation)" title="Draco (constellation)">Draco</a></td> <td>718 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/TrES-2b" title="TrES-2b">TrES-2b</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/HAT-P-7b" title="HAT-P-7b">HAT-P-7</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cygnus_(constellation)" title="Cygnus (constellation)">Cygnus</a></td> <td>1044 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/HAT-P-7b" title="HAT-P-7b">b</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comet_flyby">Comet flyby</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EPOXI&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Comet flyby"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Animation_of_Deep_Impact_trajectory.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Animation_of_Deep_Impact_trajectory.gif/220px-Animation_of_Deep_Impact_trajectory.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Animation_of_Deep_Impact_trajectory.gif/330px-Animation_of_Deep_Impact_trajectory.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Animation_of_Deep_Impact_trajectory.gif/440px-Animation_of_Deep_Impact_trajectory.gif 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption>Animation of Deep Impact<span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'s</span> trajectory from 12 January 2005 to 8 August 2013<br /> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:magenta; color:black;"> </span>  Deep Impact 1</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:lime; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Tempel_1" title="Tempel 1">Tempel 1</a></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:royalblue; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:cyan; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/103P/Hartley" title="103P/Hartley">103P/Hartley</a></span></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/103P/Hartley" title="103P/Hartley">103P/Hartley</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tempel_1" title="Tempel 1">Tempel 1</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Comet_Hartley_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Comet_Hartley_2.jpg/220px-Comet_Hartley_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Comet_Hartley_2.jpg/330px-Comet_Hartley_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Comet_Hartley_2.jpg/440px-Comet_Hartley_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1683" data-file-height="1171" /></a><figcaption>The nucleus of comet 103P/Hartley measuring approximately 2 kilometers in length and .4 kilometers at its most narrow portion or neck. Jets can be seen streaming out of the nucleus.</figcaption></figure> <p>The spacecraft used Earth's gravity for the second gravity assist in December 2008 and made two distant flybys of Earth in June and December 2009. On May 30, 2010 it successfully fired its engines for an 11.3 second trajectory correction maneuver, for a velocity change (Δv) of 0.1 meters per second (0.22 mph), in preparation for the third Earth flyby on June 27. Observations of 103P/Hartley began on September 5 and ended November 25, 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For a diagram of the EPOXI solar orbits see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100905134548/http://epoxi.umd.edu/3gallery/DIXI_path_full.shtml">here</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:495452main_epoxi-3-4x3_946-710.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/495452main_epoxi-3-4x3_946-710.jpg/220px-495452main_epoxi-3-4x3_946-710.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/495452main_epoxi-3-4x3_946-710.jpg/330px-495452main_epoxi-3-4x3_946-710.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/495452main_epoxi-3-4x3_946-710.jpg/440px-495452main_epoxi-3-4x3_946-710.jpg 2x" data-file-width="946" data-file-height="710" /></a><figcaption>Another view of the comet, taken near closest approach.</figcaption></figure> <p>The mission's closest approach to 103P/Hartley occurred at 10 am EDT on 4 November 2010, passing to within 694 kilometers (431 mi) of this small comet. The flyby speed was 12.3 km/s. The spacecraft employed the same suite of three science instruments—two telescopes and an infrared spectrometer—that the Deep Impact spacecraft used during its prime mission to guide an impactor into comet Tempel 1 in July 2005 and observe the results.<sup id="cite_ref-A'Hearn2011_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A'Hearn2011-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early results of the observations show that the comet is powered by <a href="/wiki/Dry_ice" title="Dry ice">dry ice</a>, not water vapor as was previously thought. The images were clear enough for scientists to link jets of dust and gas with specific surface features.<sup id="cite_ref-A'Hearn2011_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A'Hearn2011-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"When comet Boethin could not be located, we went to our backup, which is every bit as interesting but about two years farther down the road," said Tom Duxbury, EPOXI project manager at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. "Hartley 2 is scientifically just as interesting as comet Boethin because both have relatively small, active nuclei," said <a href="/wiki/Michael_A%27Hearn" title="Michael A'Hearn">Michael A'Hearn</a>, principal investigator for EPOXI at the University of Maryland, College Park.<sup id="cite_ref-aHern_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aHern-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sundry_opportunities">Sundry opportunities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EPOXI&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sundry opportunities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In November 2010, EPOXI was used to make some test-training deep sky observations, using the MRI camera that is optimised for cometary imagery. Images were made of the <a href="/wiki/Dumbbell_Nebula" title="Dumbbell Nebula">Dumbbell Nebula (M27)</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Veil_Nebula" title="Veil Nebula">Veil Nebula (NGC6960)</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Whirlpool_Galaxy" title="Whirlpool Galaxy">Whirlpool Galaxy (M51a)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EPOXI&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/deep-impact-epoxi/in-depth/">"EPOXI"</a>. NASA's Solar System Exploration website<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epoxi.umd.edu/2science/index.shtml">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Mov)</span> on 2012-12-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-03-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sarah+Ballard%3A+Preliminary+Results+from+the+NASA+EPOXI+Mission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepoxi.umd.edu%2F2science%2Findex.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEPOXI" class="Z3988"></span> (at 2 minutes 20 seconds in video)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EPS-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EPS_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121215033322/http://epoxi.umd.edu/2science/index.shtml">"EPOXI Mission Science"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epoxi.umd.edu/2science/index.shtml">the original</a> on 2012-12-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-06-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA+Spacecraft+Burns+for+Home%2C+Then+Comet&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmission_pages%2Fepoxi%2Fepoxi20100528.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEPOXI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-A'Hearn2011-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-A'Hearn2011_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-A'Hearn2011_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA'HearnBeltonDelamereFeaga2011" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_A%27Hearn" title="Michael A'Hearn">A'Hearn, M. F.</a>; Belton, M. J. S.; Delamere, W. A.; Feaga, L. M.; Hampton, D.; Kissel, J.; Klaasen, K. P.; McFadden, L. A.; Meech, K. J.; Melosh, H. J.; Schultz, P. H.; Sunshine, J. M.; Thomas, P. C.; Veverka, J.; Wellnitz, D. D.; Yeomans, D. K.; Besse, S.; Bodewits, D.; Bowling, T. J.; Carcich, B. T.; Collins, S. M.; Farnham, T. L.; Groussin, O.; Hermalyn, B.; Kelley, M. S.; Kelley, M. S.; Li, J. -Y.; Lindler, D. J.; Lisse, C. M.; McLaughlin, S. A. (2011). "EPOXI at Comet Hartley 2". <i>Science</i>. <b>332</b> (6036): 1396–1400. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Sci...332.1396A">2011Sci...332.1396A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1204054">10.1126/science.1204054</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21680835">21680835</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:6218729">6218729</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=EPOXI+at+Comet+Hartley+2&rft.volume=332&rft.issue=6036&rft.pages=1396-1400&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1204054&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A6218729%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21680835&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011Sci...332.1396A&rft.aulast=A%27Hearn&rft.aufirst=M.+F.&rft.au=Belton%2C+M.+J.+S.&rft.au=Delamere%2C+W.+A.&rft.au=Feaga%2C+L.+M.&rft.au=Hampton%2C+D.&rft.au=Kissel%2C+J.&rft.au=Klaasen%2C+K.+P.&rft.au=McFadden%2C+L.+A.&rft.au=Meech%2C+K.+J.&rft.au=Melosh%2C+H.+J.&rft.au=Schultz%2C+P.+H.&rft.au=Sunshine%2C+J.+M.&rft.au=Thomas%2C+P.+C.&rft.au=Veverka%2C+J.&rft.au=Wellnitz%2C+D.+D.&rft.au=Yeomans%2C+D.+K.&rft.au=Besse%2C+S.&rft.au=Bodewits%2C+D.&rft.au=Bowling%2C+T.+J.&rft.au=Carcich%2C+B.+T.&rft.au=Collins%2C+S.+M.&rft.au=Farnham%2C+T.+L.&rft.au=Groussin%2C+O.&rft.au=Hermalyn%2C+B.&rft.au=Kelley%2C+M.+S.&rft.au=Kelley%2C+M.+S.&rft.au=Li%2C+J.+-Y.&rft.au=Lindler%2C+D.+J.&rft.au=Lisse%2C+C.+M.&rft.au=McLaughlin%2C+S.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEPOXI" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stardustnext.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/deepSkyObservation.html">Deep Sky Feasibility Demonstration</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120513165535/http://stardustnext.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/deepSkyObservation.html">Archived</a> 2012-05-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>, accessed 7 December 2011</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=EPOXI&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:EPOXI" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:EPOXI">EPOXI</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 300px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External image</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epoxi.umd.edu/3gallery/graphics/DI_EPOXI_orbit_nov4-lg.png">Deep Impact trajectory</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080509154729/http://epoxi.umd.edu/">EPOXI</a> home page</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/epoxi">NASA's EPOXI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160213232953/http://www.nasa.gov/epoxi">Archived</a> 2016-02-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> page</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=24719">NASA's Deep Impact Begins Hunt For Alien Worlds - 8 Feb 2008</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081216070357/http://epoxi.umd.edu/4gallery/Earth-Moon_vid.shtml">Movie of the Moon transiting the Earth</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pdssbn.astro.umd.edu/data_sb/missions/epoxi/index.shtml"><i>EPOXI Mission Archive</i></a> at the NASA Planetary Data System, Small Bodies Node</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> <a href="/wiki/Planetary_Missions_Program_Office" title="Planetary Missions Program Office">Planetary Missions Program Office</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Discovery_program" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Program" title="Discovery Program">Discovery program</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:75px">Missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:75px">Main</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NEAR_Shoemaker" title="NEAR Shoemaker">NEAR Shoemaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Pathfinder" title="Mars Pathfinder">Mars Pathfinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Prospector" title="Lunar Prospector">Lunar Prospector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stardust_(spacecraft)" title="Stardust (spacecraft)">Stardust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_(spacecraft)" title="Genesis (spacecraft)">Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CONTOUR" title="CONTOUR">CONTOUR</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER">MESSENGER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Impact_(spacecraft)" title="Deep Impact (spacecraft)">Deep Impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" title="Dawn (spacecraft)">Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler_space_telescope" title="Kepler space telescope">Kepler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRAIL" title="GRAIL">GRAIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InSight" title="InSight">InSight</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Lucy_(spacecraft)" title="Lucy (spacecraft)">Lucy</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Psyche_(spacecraft)" title="Psyche (spacecraft)">Psyche</a></u></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/VERITAS_(spacecraft)" title="VERITAS (spacecraft)">VERITAS</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/DAVINCI" title="DAVINCI">DAVINCI</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:75px">Opportunity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Mars_Express#Scientific_instruments" title="Mars Express">ASPERA-3</a></u></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">EPOXI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stardust_(spacecraft)#New_Exploration_of_Tempel_1_(NExT)" title="Stardust (spacecraft)">NExT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Mineralogy_Mapper" title="Moon Mineralogy Mapper">Moon Mineralogy Mapper</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/BepiColombo#Mercury_Planetary_Orbiter" title="BepiColombo">Strofio</a></u></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Martian_Moons_Exploration#Scientific_payload" class="mw-redirect" title="Martian Moons Exploration">MEGANE</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NEAR_Shoemaker_spacecraft_model.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/NEAR_Shoemaker_spacecraft_model.png/80px-NEAR_Shoemaker_spacecraft_model.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/NEAR_Shoemaker_spacecraft_model.png/120px-NEAR_Shoemaker_spacecraft_model.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/NEAR_Shoemaker_spacecraft_model.png/160px-NEAR_Shoemaker_spacecraft_model.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="265" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:75px">Proposals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:75px">Finalists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Mission 12 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Hopper" title="Comet Hopper">Comet Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_Mare_Explorer" title="Titan Mare Explorer">Titan Mare Explorer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selection_of_Discovery_Mission_13_and_14" title="Selection of Discovery Mission 13 and 14">Mission 13 and 14</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DAVINCI" title="DAVINCI">DAVINCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_Object_Camera" class="mw-redirect" title="Near-Earth Object Camera">NEOCam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VERITAS_(spacecraft)" title="VERITAS (spacecraft)">VERITAS</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mission 15 and 16 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Io_Volcano_Observer" title="Io Volcano Observer">Io Volcano Observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trident_(spacecraft)" title="Trident (spacecraft)">Trident</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:75px">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enceladus_Life_Finder" title="Enceladus Life Finder">Enceladus Life Finder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icebreaker_Life" title="Icebreaker Life">Icebreaker Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISOCHRON_(spacecraft)" title="ISOCHRON (spacecraft)">ISOCHRON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journey_to_Enceladus_and_Titan" title="Journey to Enceladus and Titan">JET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_Investigation_For_Enceladus" title="Life Investigation For Enceladus">LIFE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MANTIS_(spacecraft)" title="MANTIS (spacecraft)">MANTIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Geyser_Hopper" title="Mars Geyser Hopper">Mars Geyser Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Diver_(spacecraft)" title="Moon Diver (spacecraft)">Moon Diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_And_Deimos_%26_Mars_Environment" title="Phobos And Deimos & Mars Environment">PADME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_Surveyor" title="Phobos Surveyor">Phobos Surveyor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whipple_(spacecraft)" title="Whipple (spacecraft)">Whipple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="New_Frontiers_program" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Frontiers_program" title="New Frontiers program">New Frontiers program</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Missions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:176px">Missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Juno_(spacecraft)" title="Juno (spacecraft)">Juno</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-REx</a></u></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dragonfly_(Titan_space_probe)" title="Dragonfly (Titan space probe)">Dragonfly</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Horizons_spacecraft_model_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/New_Horizons_spacecraft_model_1.png/80px-New_Horizons_spacecraft_model_1.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/New_Horizons_spacecraft_model_1.png/120px-New_Horizons_spacecraft_model_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/New_Horizons_spacecraft_model_1.png/160px-New_Horizons_spacecraft_model_1.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="746" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:75px">Proposals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:75px">Finalists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Mission 2 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MoonRise" title="MoonRise">MoonRise</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mission 3 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MoonRise" title="MoonRise">MoonRise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_In_Situ_Atmospheric_and_Geochemical_Explorer" title="Venus In Situ Atmospheric and Geochemical Explorer">SAGE</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mission 4 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CAESAR_(spacecraft)" title="CAESAR (spacecraft)">CAESAR</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:75px">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Nucleus_Dust_and_Organics_Return" title="Comet Nucleus Dust and Organics Return">CONDOR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Rendezvous,_Sample_Acquisition,_Investigation,_and_Return" title="Comet Rendezvous, Sample Acquisition, Investigation, and Return">CORSAIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enceladus_Life_Finder" title="Enceladus Life Finder">ELF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enceladus_Life_Signatures_and_Habitability" title="Enceladus Life Signatures and Habitability">ELSAH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanus_(Titan_orbiter)" title="Oceanus (Titan orbiter)">Oceanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPRITE_(spacecraft)" title="SPRITE (spacecraft)">SPRITE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_In_situ_Composition_Investigations" title="Venus In situ Composition Investigations">VICI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_In_Situ_Atmospheric_and_Geochemical_Explorer" title="Venus In Situ Atmospheric and Geochemical Explorer">VISAGE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_Origins_Explorer" title="Venus Origins Explorer">VOX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Solar_System_Exploration_program" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Missions_Program_Office#Solar_System_Exploration" title="Planetary Missions Program Office">Solar System Exploration program</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Missions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:176px">Missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_Asteroid_Redirection_Test" title="Double Asteroid Redirection Test">DART</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Icy_Moons_Explorer" title="Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer">JUICE instruments</a></u></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Europa_Clipper" title="Europa Clipper">Europa Clipper</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><u>Underline</u> indicates active current missions</li> <li><i>Italics</i> indicate missions yet to launch</li> <li>Symbol <sup>†</sup> indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spacecraft_missions_to_minor_planets_and_comets" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asteroid_spacecraft" title="Template:Asteroid spacecraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asteroid_spacecraft" title="Template talk:Asteroid spacecraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asteroid_spacecraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asteroid spacecraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spacecraft_missions_to_minor_planets_and_comets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_minor_planets" title="List of missions to minor planets">Spacecraft missions</a> to <a href="/wiki/Minor_planet" title="Minor planet">minor planets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">comets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_planets_and_comets_visited_by_spacecraft" title="List of minor planets and comets visited by spacecraft">List of minor planets and comets visited by spacecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artificial_objects_on_extraterrestrial_surfaces" title="List of artificial objects on extraterrestrial surfaces">List of artificial objects on extraterrestrial surfaces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a></i> (multiple flybys)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-APEX</a> (orbiter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2#Mission_extension" title="Hayabusa2">Hayabusa2♯</a> (lander)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_(spacecraft)" title="Lucy (spacecraft)"><i>Lucy</i></a> (multiple flybys)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psyche_(spacecraft)" title="Psyche (spacecraft)"><i>Psyche</i></a> (orbiter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hera_(space_mission)" title="Hera (space mission)"><i>Hera</i></a> (orbiter) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AIDA_(international_space_cooperation)" title="AIDA (international space cooperation)">AIDA</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg/90px-Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg/135px-Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg/180px-Pluto_in_True_Color_-_High-Res.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8000" data-file-height="8000" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eros,_Vesta_and_Ceres_size_comparison.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Eros%2C_Vesta_and_Ceres_size_comparison.jpg/90px-Eros%2C_Vesta_and_Ceres_size_comparison.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Eros%2C_Vesta_and_Ceres_size_comparison.jpg/135px-Eros%2C_Vesta_and_Ceres_size_comparison.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Eros%2C_Vesta_and_Ceres_size_comparison.jpg/180px-Eros%2C_Vesta_and_Ceres_size_comparison.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1497" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:243_ida_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/243_ida_crop.jpg/90px-243_ida_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/243_ida_crop.jpg/135px-243_ida_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/243_ida_crop.jpg/180px-243_ida_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="399" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_(32755885495).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_%2832755885495%29.png/90px-67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_%2832755885495%29.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_%2832755885495%29.png/135px-67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_%2832755885495%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_%2832755885495%29.png/180px-67P_Churyumov-Gerasimenko_-_Rosetta_%2832755885495%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="3200" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flybys</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" title="Cassini–Huygens">Cassini–Huygens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_2" title="Chang'e 2">Chang'e 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clementine_(spacecraft)" title="Clementine (spacecraft)">Clementine</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CONTOUR" title="CONTOUR">CONTOUR</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Impact_(spacecraft)" title="Deep Impact (spacecraft)">Deep Impact</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">EPOXI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_1" title="Deep Space 1">Deep Space 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_project" title="Galileo project">Galileo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halley_Armada" title="Halley Armada">Halley Armada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giotto_(spacecraft)" title="Giotto (spacecraft)">Giotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakigake" title="Sakigake">Sakigake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suisei_(spacecraft)" title="Suisei (spacecraft)">Suisei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_1" title="Vega 1">Vega 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_2" title="Vega 2">Vega 2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Cometary_Explorer" title="International Cometary Explorer">International Cometary Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LICIACube" title="LICIACube">LICIACube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_Asteroid_Scout" title="Near-Earth Asteroid Scout">NEA Scout</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEAR_Shoemaker" title="NEAR Shoemaker">NEAR Shoemaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_6,_7,_8,_and_9#Pioneer_7" title="Pioneer 6, 7, 8, and 9">Pioneer 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROCYON" title="PROCYON">PROCYON</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_(spacecraft)" title="Rosetta (spacecraft)">Rosetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stardust_(spacecraft)" title="Stardust (spacecraft)">Stardust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(spacecraft)" title="Ulysses (spacecraft)">Ulysses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orbiters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" title="Dawn (spacecraft)">Dawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEAR_Shoemaker" title="NEAR Shoemaker">NEAR Shoemaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_(spacecraft)" title="Rosetta (spacecraft)">Rosetta</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Rosetta_(spacecraft)" title="Timeline of Rosetta (spacecraft)">Timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa" title="Hayabusa">Hayabusa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MINERVA_(spacecraft)" title="MINERVA (spacecraft)">MINERVA</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2" title="Hayabusa2">Hayabusa2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2#MASCOT" title="Hayabusa2">MASCOT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2#MINERVA-II" title="Hayabusa2">Rover-1A / HIBOU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2#MINERVA-II" title="Hayabusa2">Rover-1B / OWL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2#MINERVA-II" title="Hayabusa2">Rover-2</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEAR_Shoemaker" title="NEAR Shoemaker">NEAR Shoemaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philae_(spacecraft)" title="Philae (spacecraft)">Philae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Impactors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Impact_(spacecraft)" title="Deep Impact (spacecraft)">Deep Impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Asteroid_Redirection_Test" title="Double Asteroid Redirection Test">DART</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AIDA_(international_space_cooperation)" title="AIDA (international space cooperation)">AIDA</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sample return</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa" title="Hayabusa">Hayabusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2" title="Hayabusa2">Hayabusa2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stardust_(spacecraft)" title="Stardust (spacecraft)">Stardust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-REx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Planned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tianwen-2" title="Tianwen-2">Tianwen-2</a> (multiple flybys and sample return, 2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DESTINY%2B" title="DESTINY+">DESTINY+</a> (multiple flybys, 2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBR_Explorer" title="MBR Explorer">MBR Explorer</a> (multiple flybys and orbiter, 2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Interceptor" title="Comet Interceptor">Comet Interceptor</a> (flyby, 2029)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shensuo_(spacecraft)" title="Shensuo (spacecraft)">Shensuo</a></i> (flybys, 2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASTER_(spacecraft)" title="ASTER (spacecraft)">ASTER</a> (orbiter, 2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramses_(spacecraft)" title="Ramses (spacecraft)">Ramses</a> (2029)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Interstellar_Probe_(spacecraft)" title="Interstellar Probe (spacecraft)">Interstellar Probe</a></i> (flyby, 2030–2042)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Cancelled or <br />not developed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AGORA_mission" class="mw-redirect" title="AGORA mission">AGORA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AIDA_(international_space_cooperation)#History" title="AIDA (international space cooperation)">AIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_Redirect_Mission" title="Asteroid Redirect Mission">Asteroid Redirect Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athena_(spacecraft)" title="Athena (spacecraft)">Athena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAESAR_(spacecraft)" title="CAESAR (spacecraft)">CAESAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castalia_(spacecraft)" title="Castalia (spacecraft)">Castalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centaurus_(spacecraft_mission)" title="Centaurus (spacecraft mission)">Centaurus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chimera_(spacecraft)" title="Chimera (spacecraft)">Chimera</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clementine_2" title="Clementine 2">Clementine 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Hopper" title="Comet Hopper">Comet Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Nucleus_Dust_and_Organics_Return" title="Comet Nucleus Dust and Organics Return">CONDOR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Rendezvous,_Sample_Acquisition,_Investigation,_and_Return" title="Comet Rendezvous, Sample Acquisition, Investigation, and Return">CORSAIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet_Rendezvous_Asteroid_Flyby" title="Comet Rendezvous Asteroid Flyby">CRAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Quijote_(spacecraft)" title="Don Quijote (spacecraft)">Don Quijote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HAMMER_(spacecraft)" title="HAMMER (spacecraft)">HAMMER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa_Mk2" title="Hayabusa Mk2">Hayabusa Mk2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janus_(spacecraft)" title="Janus (spacecraft)">Janus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAOSEP" class="mw-redirect" title="MAOSEP">MAOSEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MANTIS_(spacecraft)" title="MANTIS (spacecraft)">MANTIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo_(spacecraft)" title="Marco Polo (spacecraft)">Marco Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons_2" title="New Horizons 2">New Horizons 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OKEANOS" title="OKEANOS">OKEANOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesta_(spacecraft)" title="Vesta (spacecraft)">Vesta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_belt" title="Asteroid belt">Asteroid belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_capture" title="Asteroid capture">Asteroid capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_mining" title="Asteroid mining">Asteroid mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonization_of_the_asteroids" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonization of the asteroids">Colonization of asteroids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Pluto" title="Exploration of Pluto">Exploration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Solar_System_body" title="Small Solar System body">Small Solar System bodies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_object" title="Near-Earth object">Near-Earth object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object" title="Trans-Neptunian object">Trans-Neptunian object</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonization_of_trans-Neptunian_objects" title="Colonization of trans-Neptunian objects">Colonization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_(celestial_body)" title="Trojan (celestial body)">Trojan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_Vesta" title="4 Vesta">Vesta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li>Probes are listed in chronological order of launch. <sup>†</sup> indicates mission failures.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Exoplanet_search_projects" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Exoplanet_search_projects" title="Template:Exoplanet search projects"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Exoplanet_search_projects" title="Template talk:Exoplanet search projects"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Exoplanet_search_projects" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Exoplanet search projects"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Exoplanet_search_projects" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanet_search_projects" title="List of exoplanet search projects">Exoplanet search projects</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exoplanetology" class="mw-redirect" title="Exoplanetology">Exoplanetology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exoplanet" title="Exoplanet">Exoplanet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ground-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Australian_Planet_Search" title="Anglo-Australian Planet Search">AAPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automated_Planet_Finder" title="Automated Planet Finder">APF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_1.2-metre_Leonhard_Euler_Telescope" title="Swiss 1.2-metre Leonhard Euler Telescope">CORALIE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East-Asian_Planet_Search_Network" title="East-Asian Planet Search Network">EAPSNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELODIE_spectrograph" title="ELODIE spectrograph">ELODIE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extremely_Large_Telescope#Instrumentation" title="Extremely Large Telescope">EPICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESPRESSO" title="ESPRESSO">ESPRESSO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber-optic_Improved_Next-generation_Doppler_Search_for_Exo-Earths" title="Fiber-optic Improved Next-generation Doppler Search for Exo-Earths">FINDS Exo-Earths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_Extrasolar_Planet_Search" title="Geneva Extrasolar Planet Search">Geneva</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Accuracy_Radial_Velocity_Planet_Searcher" title="High Accuracy Radial Velocity Planet Searcher">HARPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HARPS-N" title="HARPS-N">HARPS-N</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemini_Planet_Imager" title="Gemini Planet Imager">GPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HATNet_Project" title="HATNet Project">HATNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunt_for_Exomoons_with_Kepler" title="Hunt for Exomoons with Kepler">HEK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HiCIAO" class="mw-redirect" title="HiCIAO">HiCIAO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIRES" class="mw-redirect" title="HIRES">HIRES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilodegree_Extremely_Little_Telescope" title="Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope">KELT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lick%E2%80%93Carnegie_Exoplanet_Survey" title="Lick–Carnegie Exoplanet Survey">LCES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magellan_Planet_Search_Program" title="Magellan Planet Search Program">Magellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MARVELS" class="mw-redirect" title="MARVELS">MARVELS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MASCARA" title="MASCARA">MASCARA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEarth_Project" title="MEarth Project">MEarth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroFUN" title="MicroFUN">MicroFUN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_Exoplanet_Radial_Velocity_Array" title="Miniature Exoplanet Radial Velocity Array">MINERVA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MINERVA-Australis" title="MINERVA-Australis">Australis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microlensing_Observations_in_Astrophysics" title="Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics">MOA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N2K_Consortium" title="N2K Consortium">N2K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next-Generation_Transit_Survey" title="Next-Generation Transit Survey">NGTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Exoplanet_Spectroscopic_Survey_Instrument" title="New Mexico Exoplanet Spectroscopic Survey Instrument">NESSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_Gravitational_Lensing_Experiment" title="Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment">OGLE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okayama_Planet_Search_Program" title="Okayama Planet Search Program">OPSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlanetPol" title="PlanetPol">PlanetPol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_1640" title="Project 1640">Project 1640</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRL_Advanced_Radial-velocity_All-sky_Search" title="PRL Advanced Radial-velocity All-sky Search">PARAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Explorations_of_Exoplanets_and_Disks_with_Subaru" title="Strategic Explorations of Exoplanets and Disks with Subaru">SEEDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Search_for_extraterrestrial_intelligence" title="Search for extraterrestrial intelligence">SETI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOPHIE_%C3%A9chelle_spectrograph" title="SOPHIE échelle spectrograph">SOPHIE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPECULOOS" title="SPECULOOS">SPECULOOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectro-Polarimetric_High-Contrast_Exoplanet_Research" title="Spectro-Polarimetric High-Contrast Exoplanet Research">SPHERE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide_Angle_Search_for_Planets" title="Wide Angle Search for Planets">SuperWASP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systemic_(amateur_extrasolar_planet_search_project)" title="Systemic (amateur extrasolar planet search project)">Systemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Atlantic_Exoplanet_Survey" title="Trans-Atlantic Exoplanet Survey">TrES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XO_Telescope" class="mw-redirect" title="XO Telescope">XO Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZIMPOL/CHEOPS" title="ZIMPOL/CHEOPS">ZIMPOL/CHEOPS</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HST_SWEEPS_Detail_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/HST_SWEEPS_Detail_2006.jpg/80px-HST_SWEEPS_Detail_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/HST_SWEEPS_Detail_2006.jpg/120px-HST_SWEEPS_Detail_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/HST_SWEEPS_Detail_2006.jpg/160px-HST_SWEEPS_Detail_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Keplerspacecraft-FocalPlane-cutout.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Keplerspacecraft-FocalPlane-cutout.svg/80px-Keplerspacecraft-FocalPlane-cutout.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Keplerspacecraft-FocalPlane-cutout.svg/120px-Keplerspacecraft-FocalPlane-cutout.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Keplerspacecraft-FocalPlane-cutout.svg/160px-Keplerspacecraft-FocalPlane-cutout.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="716" data-file-height="416" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LombergA1024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/LombergA1024.jpg/80px-LombergA1024.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/LombergA1024.jpg/120px-LombergA1024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/LombergA1024.jpg/160px-LombergA1024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1596" data-file-height="1206" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Space missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MOST_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="MOST (satellite)">MOST</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2003–2019)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagittarius_Window_Eclipsing_Extrasolar_Planet_Search" title="Sagittarius Window Eclipsing Extrasolar Planet Search">SWEEPS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">using <a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">HST</a></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2006)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CoRoT" title="CoRoT">CoRoT</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2006–2013)</span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">EPOXI</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">using <i><a href="/wiki/Deep_Impact_(spacecraft)" title="Deep Impact (spacecraft)">Deep Impact</a></i></span> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2008–2013)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler_space_telescope" title="Kepler space telescope">Kepler</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2009–2018)</span> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_exoplanets_discovered_by_the_Kepler_space_telescope" title="List of exoplanets discovered by the Kepler space telescope">detected exoplanets</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASTERIA_(spacecraft)" title="ASTERIA (spacecraft)">ASTERIA</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2017–2020)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gaia_(spacecraft)" title="Gaia (spacecraft)">Gaia</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2013–present)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite">TESS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2018–present)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHEOPS" title="CHEOPS">CHEOPS</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2019–present)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa2" title="Hayabusa2">Hayabusa2</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2021–present)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="James Webb Space Telescope">James Webb Space Telescope</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2021–present)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Planned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/PLATO_(spacecraft)" title="PLATO (spacecraft)">PLATO</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2026)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARIEL" title="ARIEL">ARIEL</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2029)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Grace_Roman_Space_Telescope" title="Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope">Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(mid-2020s)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exoplanetary_Circumstellar_Environments_and_Disk_Explorer" title="Exoplanetary Circumstellar Environments and Disk Explorer">EXCEDE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitable_Exoplanet_Imaging_Mission" class="mw-redirect" title="Habitable Exoplanet Imaging Mission">HabEx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_Interferometer_For_Exoplanets" title="Large Interferometer For Exoplanets">LIFE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_Ultraviolet_Optical_Infrared_Surveyor" title="Large Ultraviolet Optical Infrared Surveyor">LUVOIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautilus_Deep_Space_Observatory" title="Nautilus Deep Space Observatory">Nautilus Deep Space Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Worlds_Mission" title="New Worlds Mission">New Worlds Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origins_Space_Telescope" title="Origins Space Telescope">OST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PEGASE" title="PEGASE">PEGASE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cancelled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Darwin_(spacecraft)" title="Darwin (spacecraft)">Darwin</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EChO" title="EChO">EChO</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eddington_(spacecraft)" title="Eddington (spacecraft)">Eddington</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Interferometry_Mission" title="Space Interferometry Mission">Space Interferometry Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_Planet_Finder" title="Terrestrial Planet Finder">Terrestrial Planet Finder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Methods_of_detecting_exoplanets" title="Methods of detecting exoplanets">Detection methods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discoveries_of_exoplanets" title="Discoveries of exoplanets">Discoveries of exoplanets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitable_zone_for_complex_life" title="Habitable zone for complex life">Habitable zone for complex life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_exoplanets" class="mw-redirect" title="Lists of exoplanets">Lists of exoplanets</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nearest_exoplanets" title="List of nearest exoplanets">nearest</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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