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<span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E9%95%A4" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-生成" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生成"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>生成</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-生成-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-製備" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#製備"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>製備</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-製備-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-物理及化學性質" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#物理及化學性質"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>物理及化學性質</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-物理及化學性質-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关物理及化學性質子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-物理及化學性質-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-物理性質" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#物理性質"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>物理性質</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-物理性質-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-化學性質" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#化學性質"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>化學性質</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-化學性質-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-化合物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#化合物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>化合物</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-化合物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-同位素" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#同位素"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>同位素</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-同位素-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-應用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#應用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>應用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-應用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-安全" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#安全"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>安全</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-安全-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">镤</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。133种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-133" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">133种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protaktinium" title="Protaktinium – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Protaktinium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%95%E1%88%AE%E1%89%B3%E1%8A%AD%E1%89%B2%E1%8A%92%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ፕሮታክቲኒየም – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፕሮታክቲኒየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoactinio" title="Protoactinio – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Protoactinio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="प्रोटैक्टीनियम – 昂加语" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="प्रोटैक्टीनियम" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="بروتكتينيوم – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بروتكتينيوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="پروطاكتينيوم – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="پروطاكتينيوم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="بروتكتينيوم – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بروتكتينيوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protactiniu" title="Protactiniu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Protactiniu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protaktinium" title="Protaktinium – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Protaktinium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protaktinium" title="Protaktinium – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Protaktinium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Пратактыній – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пратактыній" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Пратактын – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пратактын" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Протактиний – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Протактиний" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="प्रोटैक्टिनियम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="प्रोटैक्टिनियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="প্রোটেক্টিনিয়াম – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রোটেক্টিনিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8A%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8A%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8D" title="པུ་རོ་ཊེག་ཊི་ནིམ། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="པུ་རོ་ཊེག་ཊི་ནིམ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protaktiniom" title="Protaktiniom – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Protaktiniom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protaktinij" title="Protaktinij – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Protaktinij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoactini" title="Protoactini – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Protoactini" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Protactinium" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protactinyo" title="Protactinyo – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Protactinyo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%86%D8%AA%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%85" title="پرۆتەکتینیۆم – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پرۆتەکتینیۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoattiniu" title="Protoattiniu – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Protoattiniu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protaktinium" title="Protaktinium – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Protaktinium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Протактиний – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Протактиний" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protactiniwm" title="Protactiniwm – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Protactiniwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Protactinium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Protactinium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%89%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Πρωτακτίνιο – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρωτακτίνιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Protactinium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protaktinio" title="Protaktinio – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Protaktinio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protactinio" title="Protactinio – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Protactinio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protaktiinium" title="Protaktiinium – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Protaktiinium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protaktinio" title="Protaktinio – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Protaktinio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85" title="پروتاکتینیم – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پروتاکتینیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="推荐条目"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protaktinium" title="Protaktinium – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Protaktinium" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Protactinium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protaktiinium" title="Protaktiinium – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Protaktiinium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoatini" title="Protoatini – 弗留利语" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Protoatini" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%B3tachtainiam" title="Prótachtainiam – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Prótachtainiam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Protactinium" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protactinio" title="Protactinio – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Protactinio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AE" title="પ્રોટેક્ટિનીયમ – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પ્રોટેક્ટિનીયમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protaghtinnium" title="Protaghtinnium – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Protaghtinnium" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Protactinium" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="פרוטקטיניום – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרוטקטיניום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="प्रोटैक्टीनियम – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रोटैक्टीनियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Protactinium" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protaktinij" title="Protaktinij – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Protaktinij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protakt%C3%ADnium" title="Protaktínium – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Protaktínium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Պրոտակտինիում – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պրոտակտինիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Protactinium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protaktinium" title="Protaktinium – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Protaktinium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protaktinio" title="Protaktinio – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Protaktinio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoattinio" title="Protoattinio – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Protoattinio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%83%88%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AF%E3%83%81%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="プロトアクチニウム – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="プロトアクチニウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jinmrproktini" title="jinmrproktini – 逻辑语" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jinmrproktini" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="逻辑语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protaktinium" title="Protaktinium – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Protaktinium" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="პროტაქტინიუმი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პროტაქტინიუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C9%94tak%C9%A9t%C9%A9n%C9%A9y%C9%94m" title="Prɔtakɩtɩnɩyɔm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Prɔtakɩtɩnɩyɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Протактиний – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Протактиний" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಪ್ರೊಟಾಕ್ಟಿನಿಯಮ್ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪ್ರೊಟಾಕ್ಟಿನಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9C%ED%8A%B8%EC%95%85%ED%8B%B0%EB%8A%84" title="프로트악티늄 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프로트악티늄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Протактиний – 科米语" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Протактиний" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protaktiniom" title="Protaktiniom – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Protaktiniom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Протактиний – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Протактиний" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Protactinium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Protactinium" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Protactinium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoattinio" title="Protoattinio – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Protoattinio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protaktinis" title="Protaktinis – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Protaktinis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protakt%C4%ABnijs" title="Protaktīnijs – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Protaktīnijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Протактиниум – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Протактиниум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="പ്രൊട്ടക്റ്റിനിയം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്രൊട്ടക്റ്റിനിയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Протактини – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Протактини" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="प्रोटॅक्टिनियम – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="प्रोटॅक्टिनियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Протактиний – 西馬里文" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Протактиний" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="西馬里文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protaktinium" title="Protaktinium – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Protaktinium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="ပရိုတက်တီနီယမ် – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပရိုတက်တီနီယမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Protactinium" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="प्रोट्याक्टिनियम – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="प्रोट्याक्टिनियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Protactinium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Protactinium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Protactinium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protactini" title="Protactini – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Protactini" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protaktinii" title="Protaktinii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Protaktinii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Протактиний – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Протактиний" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="प्रोट्याक्टिनियम – 巴利语" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="प्रोट्याक्टिनियम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="巴利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protaktyn" title="Protaktyn – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Protaktyn" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoactini" title="Protoactini – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Protoactini" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%B9%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85" title="پروٹیکٹینیم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پروٹیکٹینیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BC%DB%90%DA%A9%D9%BC%DB%90%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="پروټېکټېنيوم – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پروټېکټېنيوم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protact%C3%ADnio" title="Protactínio – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Protactínio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purutaktinyu" title="Purutaktinyu – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Purutaktinyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protactiniu" title="Protactiniu – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Protactiniu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protactiniu" title="Protactiniu – 阿罗马尼亚语" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Protactiniu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="阿罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Протактиний – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Протактиний" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="प्रोट्याक्टिनियम – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="प्रोट्याक्टिनियम" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Протактиниум – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Протактиниум" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoat%C3%ACniu" title="Protoatìniu – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Protoatìniu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoattiniu" title="Protoattiniu – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Protoattiniu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Protactinium" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%BD%D9%8A%DA%AA%D9%BD%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%85" title="پروٽيڪٽينيم – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پروٽيڪٽينيم" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protaktinijum" title="Protaktinijum – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Protaktinijum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Protactinium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protakt%C3%ADnium" title="Protaktínium – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Protaktínium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protaktinij" title="Protaktinij – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Protaktinij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protaktini" title="Protaktini – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Protaktini" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Протактинијум – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Протактинијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protaktinium" title="Protaktinium – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Protaktinium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protaktinium" title="Protaktinium – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Protaktinium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protaktini" title="Protaktini – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Protaktini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="புரோடாக்டினியம் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புரோடாக்டினியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="ప్రొటాక్టీనియం – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ప్రొటాక్టీనియం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Протактиний – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Протактиний" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="โพรแทกทิเนียม – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โพรแทกทิเนียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protaktinyo" title="Protaktinyo – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Protaktinyo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protaktinyum" title="Protaktinyum – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Protaktinyum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Протактиний – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Протактиний" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%86%D9%89%D9%8A" title="پروتاكتىنىي – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="پروتاكتىنىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Протактиній – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Протактиній" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%B9%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%B9%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85" title="پروٹیکٹینیم – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پروٹیکٹینیم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protaktiniy" title="Protaktiniy – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Protaktiniy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protaktinii" title="Protaktinii – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Protaktinii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protactini" title="Protactini – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Protactini" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protactinyo" title="Protactinyo – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Protactinyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%95%A4" title="镤 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="镤" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Протактиниум – 卡尔梅克语" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Протактиниум" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="卡尔梅克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protaktin%C3%AD%E1%BB%8D%CC%80m" title="Protaktiníọ̀m – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Protaktiníọ̀m" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8F%B7" title="鏷 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鏷" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Protactinium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8F%B7" title="鏷 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鏷" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmPhacagu" title="UmPhacagu – 祖鲁语" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UmPhacagu" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖鲁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1109#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A4" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%A4&oldid=82476230" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%A4&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E9%95%A4&id=82476230&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E9%2595%25A4"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E9%2595%25A4"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E9%95%A4&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Protactinium" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1109" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Proofreader_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/48px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/72px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/96px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="Wikipedia:翻譯指引">翻譯</a></b>自英語維基百科，<b>需要相關領域的編者協助校對翻譯</b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>如果您精通本領域，又能清楚地將英語翻譯為中文，歡迎您協助<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%A4&action=edit">校訂翻譯</a>。原文参见<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protactinium" class="extiw" title="en:Protactinium">en:Protactinium</a>。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-WP plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clipboard.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Clipboard.svg/48px-Clipboard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Clipboard.svg/72px-Clipboard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Clipboard.svg/96px-Clipboard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>尚未参照元素專題之格式編寫</b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>欢迎您参照<a href="/wiki/WikiProject:%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="WikiProject:元素">元素专题</a>的建议格式来<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%A4&action=edit">修订这个条目</a>，以提高条目质量。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r77235331">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox td[colspan="2"]>.wikitable,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox .periodictable{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox td[colspan="2"]{width:calc(100% - 20px)}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox td[colspan="2"]>div{max-width:100%;overflow:auto}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">鏷 <sub><span style="font-size:smaller">91</span></sub>Pa</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"> <table class="wikitable" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:center; width:100%; margin:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="periodictable" style="margin:0 auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none; width:10px"> <table class="nogrid Yuansuzhouqibiao_nav" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; empty-cells: show;padding:0; border: none;border-spacing:1px;border-collapse:separate;margin:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83953186">.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_nav span{display:block;overflow:hidden;padding:0;color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_nav td{border:none;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali,.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output 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.Yuansuzhouqibiao_ds_block_predicted{background-color:#C7FFD7}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_f_block{background-color:#66ffcc}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_f_block_predicted{background-color:#BFE}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_g_block{background-color:#ffcc66}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_g_block_predicted{background-color:#FDA}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_h_block{background-color:#F0908C}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_h_block_predicted{background-color:#F0B6B4}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown{background-color:#e8e8e8}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_error_type{background-color:#000000}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_null{background-color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_maybe_not_exist{background-color:white}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_none_type{background-color:#c0c0c0}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_gas{color:green}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_liquid{color:blue}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_solid{color:black;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknow_phase{color:grey}</style><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2" title="氢"><span title="氫（非金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氫（非金屬）</span></a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦"><span title="氦（惰性氣體）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氦（惰性氣體）</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%82" title="锂"><span title="鋰（鹼金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鋰（鹼金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8D" title="铍"><span title="鈹（鹼土金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈹（鹼土金屬）</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC" title="硼"><span title="硼（類金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="width:6px;height:8px;">硼（類金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳"><span title="碳（非金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="width:6px;height:8px;">碳（非金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮"><span title="氮（非金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氮（非金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧"><span title="氧（非金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氧（非金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F" title="氟"><span title="氟（鹵素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氟（鹵素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%96" title="氖"><span title="氖（惰性氣體）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氖（惰性氣體）</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A0" title="钠"><span title="鈉（鹼金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈉（鹼金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%81" title="镁"><span title="鎂（鹼土金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鎂（鹼土金屬）</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9D" title="铝"><span title="鋁（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鋁（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%85" title="硅"><span title="矽（類金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="width:6px;height:8px;">矽（類金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7" title="磷"><span title="磷（非金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="width:6px;height:8px;">磷（非金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫"><span title="硫（非金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="width:6px;height:8px;">硫（非金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF" title="氯"><span title="氯（鹵素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氯（鹵素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A9" title="氩"><span title="氬（惰性氣體）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氬（惰性氣體）</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BE" title="钾"><span title="鉀（鹼金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉀（鹼金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%99" title="钙"><span title="鈣（鹼土金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈣（鹼土金屬）</span></a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AA" title="钪"><span title="鈧（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈧（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9B" title="钛"><span title="鈦（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈦（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%92" title="钒"><span title="釩（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">釩（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AC" title="铬"><span title="鉻（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉻（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B0" title="锰"><span title="錳（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">錳（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81" title="铁"><span title="鐵（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鐵（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B4" title="钴"><span title="鈷（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈷（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8D" title="镍"><span title="鎳（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鎳（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9C" title="铜"><span title="銅（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銅（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8C" title="锌"><span title="鋅（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鋅（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%93" title="镓"><span title="鎵（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鎵（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%97" title="锗"><span title="鍺（類金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鍺（類金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B7" title="砷"><span title="砷（類金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="width:6px;height:8px;">砷（類金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%92" title="硒"><span title="硒（非金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="width:6px;height:8px;">硒（非金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B4" title="溴"><span title="溴（鹵素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="width:6px;height:8px;">溴（鹵素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AA" title="氪"><span title="氪（惰性氣體）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氪（惰性氣體）</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B7" title="铷"><span title="銣（鹼金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銣（鹼金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B6" title="锶"><span title="鍶（鹼土金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鍶（鹼土金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none; width:0;padding:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%87" title="钇"><span title="釔（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">釔（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%86" title="锆"><span title="鋯（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鋯（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8C" title="铌"><span title="鈮（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈮（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BC" title="钼"><span title="鉬（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉬（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%9D" title="锝"><span title="鎝（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鎝（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8C" title="钌"><span title="釕（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">釕（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%91" title="铑"><span title="銠（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銠（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AF" title="钯"><span title="鈀（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈀（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀"><span title="銀（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銀（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%89" title="镉"><span title="鎘（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鎘（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9F" title="铟"><span title="銦（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銦（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1" title="锡"><span title="錫（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">錫（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%91" title="锑"><span title="銻（類金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銻（類金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B2" title="碲"><span title="碲（類金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="width:6px;height:8px;">碲（類金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%98" title="碘"><span title="碘（鹵素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="width:6px;height:8px;">碘（鹵素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%99" title="氙"><span title="氙（惰性氣體）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氙（惰性氣體）</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AF" title="铯"><span title="銫（鹼金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銫（鹼金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A1" title="钡"><span title="鋇（鹼土金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鋇（鹼土金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A7" title="镧"><span title="鑭（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鑭（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%88" title="铈"><span title="鈰（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈰（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A8" title="镨"><span title="鐠（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鐠（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%95" title="钕"><span title="釹（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">釹（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B7" title="钷"><span title="鉕（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉕（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%90" title="钐"><span title="釤（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">釤（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%95" title="铕"><span title="銪（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銪（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%86" title="钆"><span title="釓（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">釓（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BD" title="铽"><span title="鋱（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鋱（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%9D" title="镝"><span title="鏑（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鏑（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AC" title="钬"><span title="鈥（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈥（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%92" title="铒"><span title="鉺（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉺（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%A5" title="铥"><span title="銩（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銩（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B1" title="镱"><span title="鐿（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鐿（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A5" title="镥"><span title="鎦（鑭系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鎦（鑭系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AA" title="铪"><span title="鉿（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉿（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BD" title="钽"><span title="鉭（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉭（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A8" title="钨"><span title="鎢（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鎢（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BC" title="铼"><span title="錸（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">錸（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%87" title="锇"><span title="鋨（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鋨（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B1" title="铱"><span title="銥（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">銥（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%82" title="铂"><span title="鉑（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉑（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金"><span title="金（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">金（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9E" title="汞"><span title="汞（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">汞（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8A" title="铊"><span title="鉈（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉈（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85" title="铅"><span title="鉛（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉛（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8B" title="铋"><span title="鉍（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉍（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8B" title="钋"><span title="釙（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">釙（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B9" title="砹"><span title="砈（類金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="width:6px;height:8px;">砈（類金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A1" title="氡"><span title="氡（惰性氣體）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="width:6px;height:8px;">氡（惰性氣體）</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AB" title="钫"><span title="鍅（鹼金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鍅（鹼金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%AD" title="镭"><span title="鐳（鹼土金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鐳（鹼土金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%95" title="锕"><span title="錒（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">錒（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8D" title="钍"><span title="釷（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">釷（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span title="鏷（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;border:1px solid black; margin:-1px;">鏷（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE" title="鈾"><span title="鈾（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈾（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8E" title="镎"><span title="錼（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">錼（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9A" title="钚"><span title="鈽（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈽（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%85" title="镅"><span title="鋂（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鋂（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%94" title="锔"><span title="鋦（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鋦（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%AB" title="锫"><span title="鉳（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉳（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8E" title="锎"><span title="鉲（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉲（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%BF" title="锿"><span title="鑀（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鑀（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%84" title="镄"><span title="鐨（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鐨（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%94" title="钔"><span title="鍆（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鍆（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%98" title="锘"><span title="鍩（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鍩（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%92" title="鐒"><span title="鐒（錒系元素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鐒（錒系元素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%91%AA" title="鑪"><span title="鑪（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鑪（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A7%80" title="𨧀"><span title="𨧀（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">𨧀（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%8E" title="𨭎"><span title="𨭎（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">𨭎（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A8%8F" title="𨨏"><span title="𨨏（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">𨨏（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%86" title="𨭆"><span title="𨭆（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">𨭆（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%A5%91" title="䥑"><span title="䥑（預測為過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="width:6px;height:8px;">䥑（預測為過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%BD" title="鐽"><span title="鐽（預測為過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鐽（預測為過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%80" title="錀"><span title="錀（預測為過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="width:6px;height:8px;">錀（預測為過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%B6" title="鎶"><span title="鎶（過渡金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鎶（過渡金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%A8" title="鉨"><span title="鉨（預測為貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉨（預測為貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%87" title="鈇"><span title="鈇（貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鈇（貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%86" title="镆"><span title="鏌（預測為貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鏌（預測為貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9D" title="鉝"><span title="鉝（預測為貧金屬）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鉝（預測為貧金屬）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AC" title="鿬"><span title="鿬（預測為鹵素）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鿬（預測為鹵素）</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AB" title="鿫"><span title="鿫（預測為惰性氣體）" class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="width:6px;height:8px;">鿫（預測為惰性氣體）</span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; width:10px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="鐠">鐠</a><br />↑<br /><span style="font-size:110%; line-height:110%;"><b>鏷</b></span><br />↓<br />(Uqu) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; padding-top:0; padding-bottom:1px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="釷">釷</a> ← <span style="font-size:110%; line-height:110%;"><b>鏷</b></span> → <a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE" title="鈾">鈾</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff99cc; color:#000000;;">外觀</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">明亮，銀色的金屬光澤<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Protactinium-233.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Protactinium-233.jpg/250px-Protactinium-233.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Protactinium-233.jpg/375px-Protactinium-233.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Protactinium-233.jpg/500px-Protactinium-233.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2542" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff99cc; color:#000000;;">概況</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">名稱·<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="元素列表">符號</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BA%8F%E6%95%B0" title="原子序数">序數</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">鏷（protactinium）·Pa·91</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">元素類別</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%92%E7%B3%BB%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="錒系金屬">錒系金屬</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%8F_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="族 (化学)">族</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F" title="元素周期">週期</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="元素分区">區</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/3%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="3族元素">不適用</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC7%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第7周期元素">7</a>·<a href="/wiki/F%E5%8C%BA%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="F区元素">f</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E9%87%8F" title="原子量">標準原子質量</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">231.03588(1)<sup id="cite_ref-CIAAW2021_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAAW2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E6%8E%92%E5%B8%83" title="电子排布">电子排布</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A1" title="氡">Rn</a>]5f<sup>2</sup>6d<sup>1</sup>7s<sup>2</sup><br />2,8,18,32,20,9,2 <div style="border:0; margin:0 auto;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Electron_shell_091_Protactinium_-_no_label.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="鏷的电子層（2,8,18,32,20,9,2）"><img alt="鏷的电子層（2,8,18,32,20,9,2）" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Electron_shell_091_Protactinium_-_no_label.svg/153px-Electron_shell_091_Protactinium_-_no_label.svg.png" decoding="async" width="153" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Electron_shell_091_Protactinium_-_no_label.svg/230px-Electron_shell_091_Protactinium_-_no_label.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Electron_shell_091_Protactinium_-_no_label.svg/306px-Electron_shell_091_Protactinium_-_no_label.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>鏷的电子層（2,8,18,32,20,9,2）</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff99cc; color:#000000;;">歷史</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">預測</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%A8%E6%8D%B7%E5%88%97%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="门捷列夫">门捷列夫</a>（1869年）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E7%99%BC%E7%8F%BE%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="化學元素發現年表">發現</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%A5%BF%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E6%B3%95%E6%8F%9A%E6%96%AF" title="卡西米爾·法揚斯">卡西米尔·法扬斯</a>和<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奥斯瓦尔德·格林" data-lang-code="es" data-lang-name="西班牙语" data-foreign-title="Oswald Helmuth Göhring"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E6%9E%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奥斯瓦尔德·格林（页面不存在）">奥斯瓦尔德·格林</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">西班牙语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswald_Helmuth_G%C3%B6hring" class="extiw" title="es:Oswald Helmuth Göhring"><span lang="es" dir="auto">Oswald Helmuth Göhring</span></a></span>）</span></span>（1913年）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">分離</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%A5%BF%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E6%B3%95%E6%8F%9A%E6%96%AF" title="卡西米爾·法揚斯">卡西米尔·法扬斯</a>和<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奥斯瓦尔德·格林" data-lang-code="es" data-lang-name="西班牙语" data-foreign-title="Oswald Helmuth Göhring"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E6%9E%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奥斯瓦尔德·格林（页面不存在）">奥斯瓦尔德·格林</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">西班牙语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswald_Helmuth_G%C3%B6hring" class="extiw" title="es:Oswald Helmuth Göhring"><span lang="es" dir="auto">Oswald Helmuth Göhring</span></a></span>）</span></span>（1913年）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">命名</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">奧托·漢恩、莉斯·麥特納（1917–8年）</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff99cc; color:#000000;;">物理性質</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8_(%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8)" title="相 (物质)">物態</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E6%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="固態">固態</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="密度">密度</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">（接近<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A4%E6%BA%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="室溫">室温</a>）<br />15.37 <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B" title="克">g</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%98%E7%B1%B3" title="厘米">cm</a><sup>−3</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E7%82%B9" title="熔点">熔点</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1841 <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="开尔文">K</a>，1568 <a href="/wiki/%E6%91%84%E6%B0%8F%E6%B8%A9%E6%A0%87" title="摄氏温标">°C</a>，2854 <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%8F%E6%B8%A9%E6%A0%87" title="华氏温标">°F</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B8%E9%BB%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="沸點">沸點</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">4300 <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="开尔文">K</a>，4027 <a href="/wiki/%E6%91%84%E6%B0%8F%E6%B8%A9%E6%A0%87" title="摄氏温标">°C</a>，7280 <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%8F%E6%B8%A9%E6%A0%87" title="华氏温标">°F</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E5%8C%96%E7%83%AD" title="熔化热">熔化热</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">12.34 <a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E8%80%B3%E6%AF%8F%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94" title="焦耳每摩尔">kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E5%8C%96%E7%83%AD" title="汽化热">汽化热</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">481 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff99cc; color:#000000;;">原子性質</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%80%81" title="氧化态">氧化态</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">2, 3, 4, <b>5</b><br />（弱鹼性）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%B4%9F%E6%80%A7" title="电负性">电负性</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1.5（鲍林标度）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A6%BB%E8%83%BD" title="电离能">电离能</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">第一：568 <a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E8%80%B3%E6%AF%8F%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94" title="焦耳每摩尔">kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%84" title="原子半径">原子半径</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">163 <a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E7%B1%B3" title="皮米">pm</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%BB%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%84" title="共价半径">共价半径</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">200 pm</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Protactinium_spectrum_visible.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Protactinium_spectrum_visible.png/240px-Protactinium_spectrum_visible.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Protactinium_spectrum_visible.png/360px-Protactinium_spectrum_visible.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Protactinium_spectrum_visible.png/480px-Protactinium_spectrum_visible.png 2x" data-file-width="7430" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><strong>鏷的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E8%B0%B1%E7%BA%BF" title="原子谱线">原子谱线</a></strong></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff99cc; color:#000000;;">雜項</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="晶体结构">晶体结构</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">立方晶<sup id="cite_ref-str_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-str-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81" title="磁">磁序</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%86%E7%A3%81%E6%80%A7" title="順磁性">順磁性</a><sup id="cite_ref-magnet_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-magnet-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">電阻率</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">（0 °C）177 n Ω·m</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B0%8E%E7%8E%87" title="熱導率">熱導率</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">47 W·m<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/CAS%E5%8F%B7" title="CAS号">CAS号</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=7440-13-3">7440-13-3</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff99cc; color:#000000;;">同位素<div style="float:right;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"（"counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:"，"}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:"；"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_protactinium_isotopes" title="Template:Infobox protactinium isotopes"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Infobox_protactinium_isotopes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Infobox protactinium isotopes（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Infobox_protactinium_isotopes" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Infobox protactinium isotopes"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%8F%B7%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="鏷的同位素">鏷的同位素</a><br /> <div> <table class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:center;width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="同位素">同位素</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="丰度">丰度</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="半衰期">半衰期</a><small><span style="font-weight:normal;">（<i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub>）</span></small> </th> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7#衰变" title="放射性">衰變</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="衰變方式">方式</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98%E8%83%BD" title="衰变能">能量</a><small><span style="font-weight:normal;">（<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BC%8F%E7%89%B9" title="電子伏特">MeV</a>）</span></small> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98%E4%BA%A7%E7%89%A9" title="衰变产物">產物</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><sup>230</sup>Pa </th> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%80%A0%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="人造同位素">人造</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">17.4 <sub><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5" title="日">天</a></sub> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84" title="正电子发射">β<sup>+</sup></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">0.290 </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%B7-230" title="釷-230"><sup>230</sup>Th</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%CE%92%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98#β-衰变" title="Β衰变">β<sup>−</sup></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">0.559 </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE-230" class="mw-redirect" title="鈾-230"><sup>230</sup>U</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98" title="Α衰变">α</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">5.439 </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%95-226" class="mw-redirect" title="锕-226"><sup>226</sup>Ac</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><sup>231</sup>Pa </th> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">100% </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">3.265×10<sup>4</sup> <sub><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B4" title="年">年</a></sub> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98" title="Α衰变">α</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">5.150 </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%92-227" class="mw-redirect" title="錒-227"><sup>227</sup>Ac</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><sup>233</sup>Pa </th> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%97%95%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="痕量同位素">痕量</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">26.975 <sub><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5" title="日">天</a></sub> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%CE%92%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98#β-衰变" title="Β衰变">β<sup>−</sup></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">0.570 </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE-233" title="鈾-233"><sup>233</sup>U</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><sup>234</sup>Pa </th> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">痕量 </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">6.70 <sub><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%99%82" class="mw-redirect" title="小時">小時</a></sub> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%CE%92%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98#β-衰变" title="Β衰变">β<sup>−</sup></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">2.194 </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE-234" class="mw-redirect" title="鈾-234"><sup>234</sup>U</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><sup>234m</sup>Pa </th> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">痕量 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">1.159 <sub><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E9%90%98" class="mw-redirect" title="分鐘">分鐘</a></sub> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%CE%92%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98#β-衰变" title="Β衰变">β<sup>−</sup></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">2.273 </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE-234" class="mw-redirect" title="鈾-234"><sup>234</sup>U</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%90%8C%E8%B4%A8%E5%BC%82%E8%83%BD%E7%B4%A0#衰变过程" title="核同质异能素">IT</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">0.079 </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8F%B7-234" class="mw-redirect" title="鏷-234"><sup>234</sup>Pa</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80905552">.mw-parser-output ruby.zy{text-align:justify;text-justify:none}.mw-parser-output ruby.zy>rp{user-select:none}.mw-parser-output ruby.zy>rt{font-feature-settings:"ruby"1;font-size:90%;user-select:none}.mw-parser-output ruby.zy>rt+rt{padding-left:0.15em}</style><ruby class="zy center"><rb>镤</rb><rp>（</rp><rt lang="zh-Latn-pinyin">pú</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby></b>（英語：<span lang="en">Protactinium</span>；舊譯<b>鎃</b><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>），是一種<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="化學元素">化學元素</a>，其<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="化學符號">化學符號</a>为<b>Pa</b>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BA%8F%E6%95%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="原子序數">原子序數</a>为91，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E9%87%8F" title="原子量">原子量</a>為<span class="nowrap"><span style="display:none" class="sortkey">7002231035880000000♠</span>231.035<span style="margin-left:.25em;">88</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="原子质量单位">u</a></span>，属于<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%95%E7%B3%BB%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="锕系元素">锕系元素</a>，具有<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7" title="放射性">放射性</a>。鏷是一种银灰色、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="密度">密度</a>大的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="金属">金属</a>，容易与<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">氧</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%92%B8%E6%B1%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="水蒸汽">水蒸汽</a>和无机<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8" title="酸">酸</a>反应。鏷在化合物中的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%80%81" title="氧化态">氧化態</a>主要是+5，但也存在+4和更加罕見的+3及+2氧化態。 </p><p>鏷是在1913年由<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%A5%BF%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E6%B3%95%E6%8F%9A%E6%96%AF" title="卡西米爾·法揚斯">卡西米爾·法揚斯</a>和<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奥斯瓦尔德·格林" data-lang-code="es" data-lang-name="西班牙语" data-foreign-title="Oswald Helmuth Göhring"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E6%9E%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奥斯瓦尔德·格林（页面不存在）">奥斯瓦尔德·格林</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">西班牙语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswald_Helmuth_G%C3%B6hring" class="extiw" title="es:Oswald Helmuth Göhring"><span lang="es" dir="auto">Oswald Helmuth Göhring</span></a></span>）</span></span>發現，並將其命名為“brevium”（拉丁语，意為短暂、短期），因為當時發現的鏷<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="同位素">同位素</a><small><sup>234m</sup></small>Pa的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F#物理學" title="半衰期">半衰期</a>很短。1917至1918年間，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%89%E6%B3%BD%C2%B7%E8%BF%88%E7%89%B9%E7%BA%B3" title="莉泽·迈特纳">莉泽·迈特纳</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E6%81%A9" title="奥托·哈恩">奥托·哈恩</a>共同發現了一種更穩定的镤同位素<small><sup>231</sup></small>Pa ，半衰期约32000年，因此，他们将該元素的名称变更为镤（protactinium）（proto，希腊文，意为之前；以及actinium，<a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%92" class="mw-redirect" title="錒">錒</a>元素），因为<small><sup>231</sup></small>Pa是錒同位素<small><sup>227</sup></small>Ac的母同位素。1949年，<a href="/wiki/IUPAC" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPAC">IUPAC</a>選擇了“镤”這一名稱，並認定哈恩和邁特納為鏷的發現者。 </p><p>鏷寿命最长且最主要的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="天然同位素">天然同位素</a>为<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE-235" title="鈾-235"><small><sup>235</sup></small>U</a>的衰变产物<small><sup>231</sup></small>Pa，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="半衰期">半衰期</a>为32760年，遠短於地球的年齡，因此所有<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="原始核素" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Primordial nuclide"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%A0%B8%E7%B4%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="原始核素（页面不存在）">原始</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primordial_nuclide" class="extiw" title="en:Primordial nuclide"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Primordial nuclide</span></a></span>）</span></span>的鏷元素，也就是在地球形成時可能存在的鏷，至今都已全部衰變殆盡。現今鏷在自然界中主要作為<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE" title="鈾">鈾</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98%E4%BA%A7%E7%89%A9" title="衰变产物">衰變產物</a>在鈾礦中微量生成，含量非常稀少，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%A3%B3" title="地壳">地壳</a>中的平均浓度通常为兆分之一，但在一些<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E8%B4%A8%E9%93%80%E7%9F%BF" title="晶质铀矿">晶质铀矿</a>的矿床中可能达到百万分之一。鏷因为稀少，且具有高放射<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%92%E6%80%A7" title="毒性">毒性</a>，除了科学研究之外没有其他用途。由於天然鈾礦中的鏷含量非常稀少，作為提取來源並不實際，因此目前研究用的鏷主要是从<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%A8%E9%81%8E%E6%A0%B8%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" class="mw-redirect" title="用過核燃料">用过核燃料</a>中提取。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%A4&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mendelejevs_periodiska_system_1871.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Mendelejevs_periodiska_system_1871.png/450px-Mendelejevs_periodiska_system_1871.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Mendelejevs_periodiska_system_1871.png/675px-Mendelejevs_periodiska_system_1871.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Mendelejevs_periodiska_system_1871.png 2x" data-file-width="684" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption>1871年<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%80%E5%BE%97%E5%88%97%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="門得列夫">门得列夫</a>的週期表，<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8D" title="钍">钍</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%80" class="mw-redirect" title="铀">铀</a>间预留一个空格。</figcaption></figure> <p>早在1871年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E7%B1%B3%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E8%90%AC%E8%AB%BE%E7%B6%AD%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E9%96%80%E5%BE%97%E5%88%97%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="德米特里·伊萬諾維奇·門得列夫">德米特里·门得列夫</a>便预测<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8D" title="钍">钍</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%80" class="mw-redirect" title="铀">铀</a>之间有未知<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="元素">元素</a>的存在，并在週期表中预留了位置。<sup id="cite_ref-Emsley_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emsley-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>由于当时<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%95%E7%B3%BB%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="锕系元素">锕系元素</a>的概念还没有被提出，所以在1871年版的门得列夫週期表的排序方式中，<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8D" title="钍">钍</a>位于<a href="/wiki/4%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="4族元素">第Ⅳ族</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%80" class="mw-redirect" title="铀">铀</a>位于<a href="/wiki/6%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="6族元素">第Ⅵ族</a>，并在<a href="/wiki/5%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="5族元素">第V族</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BD" title="钽">钽</a>下方的位置留空。这样的编排方式一直持续到1950年代<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，并造成很长一段时间內化学家们都积极在寻找与钽性质相似的新元素，從而使发现镤的机率趋近于零。实际上，下一个与钽有相似化学性质的V族元素为<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%80%A0%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="人造元素">人造元素</a><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A7%80" title="𨧀">𨧀</a>。 </p><p>1900年，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%B2%81%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF" title="威廉·克鲁克斯">威廉·克鲁克斯</a>将<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E9%88%BE%E9%86%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="硝酸鈾醯">硝酸铀醯</a>溶解于<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%9A" title="乙醚">乙醚</a>中，发现剩馀的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水">水</a>中含有<sup>234</sup>Th和另一未知强烈放射性物质。他将它从<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E9%88%BE%E9%86%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="硝酸鈾醯">硝酸铀醯</a>分离，这个物质便是镤。但他不知道他发现了一个新的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="化学元素">化学元素</a>，并将其命名为铀-X。<sup id="cite_ref-Emsley_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emsley-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-google_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>镤真正首次发现于1913年，当时<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%A5%BF%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E6%B3%95%E6%8F%9A%E6%96%AF" title="卡西米爾·法揚斯">法扬斯</a>和<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="奥斯瓦尔德·格林" data-lang-code="es" data-lang-name="西班牙语" data-foreign-title="Oswald Helmuth Göhring"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E6%9E%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奥斯瓦尔德·格林（页面不存在）">奥斯瓦尔德·格林</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">西班牙语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswald_Helmuth_G%C3%B6hring" class="extiw" title="es:Oswald Helmuth Göhring"><span lang="es" dir="auto">Oswald Helmuth Göhring</span></a></span>）</span></span>，在他们所研究的<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE-238" title="鈾-238">铀-238</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A%E9%8F%88" title="衰變鏈">衰变链</a>（<sup>238</sup>U→<sup>234</sup>Th→<sup>234</sup>Pa→<sup>234</sup>U）中，发现了镤的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="同位素">同位素</a><sup>234</sup>Pa。因为它的半衰期短只有6.7小时，所以他们将他们发现的新元素命名为<i>Brevium</i>（拉丁语，意思是短暂、短期）。 </p><p>1917年至1918年间，两组科学家<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E6%81%A9" title="奥托·哈恩">奥托·哈恩</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%89%E6%B3%BD%C2%B7%E8%BF%88%E7%89%B9%E7%BA%B3" title="莉泽·迈特纳">莉泽·迈特纳</a>，以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%B4%A2%E8%BF%AA" title="弗雷德里克·索迪">弗雷德里克·索迪</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7A%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0%E6%96%AF%E9%A1%BF" title="约翰·A·克兰斯顿">约翰·克兰斯登</a>，发现了镤的另一个同位素<sup>231</sup>Pa，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="半衰期">半衰期</a>约32000年。因此，他们将名称从Brevium变更为镤（Proto-actinium）（proto，希腊文：πρῶτος，意义为之前、首先），因为镤-231在铀-235<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A%E9%8F%88" title="衰變鏈">衰变链</a>中的位置在<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%95" title="锕">锕</a>-227之前，为锕-227的母同位素。 </p><p>1927年，<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿里斯蒂德·冯·格罗斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Aristid von Grosse"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿里斯蒂德·冯·格罗斯（页面不存在）">阿里斯蒂德·冯·格罗斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristid_von_Grosse" class="extiw" title="en:Aristid von Grosse"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Aristid von Grosse</span></a></span>）</span></span>提取出2<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%AB%E5%85%8B" title="毫克">毫克</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%8C%E9%95%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="五氧化二镤">五氧化二镤</a>（Pa<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>），并于1934年首次在0.1毫克的五氧化二镤中分离出纯镤。 </p><p><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="英国原子能管理局" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E8%83%BD%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%B1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="英国原子能管理局（页面不存在）">英国原子能管理局</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_Atomic_Energy_Authority" class="extiw" title="en:United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority"><span lang="en" dir="auto">United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority</span></a></span>）</span></span>（UKAEA）在1961年花了50万美元处理了60吨的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%A8%E9%81%8E%E6%A0%B8%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" class="mw-redirect" title="用過核燃料">用过核燃料</a>，提炼出约125克纯度为99.9％的镤<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ，并成为多年来世界上唯一的镤来源，提供给各实验室进行科学研究。<sup id="cite_ref-Emsley_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emsley-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>镤目前的价格非常昂贵，美国<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%A1%E6%A0%91%E5%B2%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%AE%A4" title="橡树岭国家实验室">橡树岭国家实验室</a>于2011年公布1克的镤约为280美元。<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生成"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E6.88.90"></span>生成</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%A4&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：生成"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Uraninite-39029.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Uraninite-39029.jpg/220px-Uraninite-39029.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="347" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Uraninite-39029.jpg/330px-Uraninite-39029.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Uraninite-39029.jpg/440px-Uraninite-39029.jpg 2x" data-file-width="507" data-file-height="799" /></a><figcaption>镤產生於<a href="/wiki/%E7%80%9D%E9%9D%92%E9%88%BE%E7%A4%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="瀝青鈾礦">瀝青鈾礦</a></figcaption></figure> <p>鏷是天然存在的元素中最罕見和最昂貴的元素之一。由於<sup>235</sup>U的<a href="/wiki/%CE%91%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="Α衰變">α衰變</a>（會產生鏷-231），以及<sup>238</sup>U的<a href="/wiki/%CE%92%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="Β衰變">β衰變</a>（產生镤-234），因此自然界的鏷通常是以<sup>231</sup>Pa和<sup>234</sup>Pa的形式存在。自然界中的鈾以<sup>238</sup>U為主（佔天然鈾的99.284％），而幾乎所有的<sup>238</sup>U（99.8％）都會衰變成<sup>234m</sup>Pa，但由於<sup>234</sup>Pa和<sup>234m</sup>Pa的半衰期都極短，會很快地衰變成<sup>234</sup>U，因此自然界中豐度最高的鏷同位素為長壽的<sup>231</sup>Pa，約占天然鏷的100%。 </p><p>鏷-233是釷-232發生<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E4%BF%98%E8%8E%B7" title="中子俘获">中子俘獲</a>所形成的。而它會再衰變成鈾-233，或者捕捉另一個中子，並轉換成非裂變的鈾-234。 </p><p>鏷在<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E9%88%BE%E7%A4%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="方鈾礦">方鈾礦</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%80%9D%E9%9D%92%E9%88%BE%E7%A4%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="瀝青鈾礦">瀝青鈾礦</a>）中的濃度約為0.3至3 ppm（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BE%E8%90%AC%E5%88%86%E9%BB%9E%E6%BF%83%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="百萬分點濃度（页面不存在）">百萬分點濃度</a>），大部分為0.3ppm，但部分從<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%9B%E6%9E%9C%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="剛果民主共和國">剛果民主共和國</a>出產的鈾礦中鏷的濃度可達3 ppm。在大多數的天然材料和水中，鏷以<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%86%E5%88%86%E6%AF%94" class="mw-disambig" title="兆分比">兆分之一</a>以下的<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%83%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="濃度">濃度</a>均勻分布，放射性約為0.1皮<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C_(%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D)" title="居里 (单位)">居里</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="公克">克</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="製備"><span id=".E8.A3.BD.E5.82.99"></span>製備</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%A4&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：製備"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在核反應堆出現之前，鏷是從鈾礦石用科學實驗方法分離。如今，它主要是<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="釷">釷</a>的高溫反應器中的中間產物： </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{232}_{\ 90}Th\ +\ _{0}^{1}n\ \longrightarrow \ _{\ 90}^{233}Th\ {\xrightarrow[{22.3\ min}]{\beta ^{-}}}\ _{\ 91}^{233}Pa\ {\xrightarrow[{26.967\ d}]{\beta ^{-}}}\ _{\ 92}^{233}U} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msubsup> <mi></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>90</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>232</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <msubsup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>90</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>233</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">h</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <munderover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset="-.24em"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>22.3</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi> </mrow> </mpadded> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <msup> <mi>β</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mpadded> </munderover> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>91</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>233</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">P</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <munderover> <mo>→</mo> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset="-.24em"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>26.967</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi> </mrow> </mpadded> <mpadded width="+0.611em" lspace="0.278em" voffset=".15em"> <msup> <mi>β</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mpadded> </munderover> </mrow> <msubsup> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>92</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>233</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mi mathvariant="normal">U</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{232}_{\ 90}Th\ +\ _{0}^{1}n\ \longrightarrow \ _{\ 90}^{233}Th\ {\xrightarrow[{22.3\ min}]{\beta ^{-}}}\ _{\ 91}^{233}Pa\ {\xrightarrow[{26.967\ d}]{\beta ^{-}}}\ _{\ 92}^{233}U} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/721d2b9fd9152c99eb0a1e923c8d54972a5e464a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.828ex; margin-top: -0.415ex; margin-bottom: -0.51ex; width:51.104ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {^{232}_{\ 90}Th\ +\ _{0}^{1}n\ \longrightarrow \ _{\ 90}^{233}Th\ {\xrightarrow[{22.3\ min}]{\beta ^{-}}}\ _{\ 91}^{233}Pa\ {\xrightarrow[{26.967\ d}]{\beta ^{-}}}\ _{\ 92}^{233}U} }"></span></dd></dl> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%E7%88%90" class="mw-redirect" title="核反應爐">核反應爐</a>中，可以利用慢<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">中子</a>照射釷-230而將其轉化為釷-231，或利用快中子照射釷-232生成釷-231和2個中子，隨後釷-231快速發生<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9F%CE%B2%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98" class="mw-redirect" title="负β衰变">負β衰變</a>生成鏷-231。 </p><p>純的鏷金屬可以在1300–1400°C的溫度下用<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="鈣">鈣</a><sup id="cite_ref-exp_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exp-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="鋰">鋰</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%87" class="mw-redirect" title="鋇">鋇</a>還原<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%9F%E5%8C%96%E9%95%A4" title="四氟化镤">四氟化鏷</a>來製備。<sup id="cite_ref-super_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-super-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pao2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pao2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="物理及化學性質"><span id=".E7.89.A9.E7.90.86.E5.8F.8A.E5.8C.96.E5.AD.B8.E6.80.A7.E8.B3.AA"></span>物理及化學性質</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%A4&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：物理及化學性質"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="物理性質"><span id=".E7.89.A9.E7.90.86.E6.80.A7.E8.B3.AA"></span>物理性質</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%A4&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：物理性質"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>鏷是銀灰色光澤的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="金屬">金屬</a>，可保存於空氣中一段時間。 </p><p>鏷在週期表中位於<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="釷">釷</a>的右側、<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE" title="鈾">鈾</a>的左側，而其物理性質正介於這兩個錒系元素之間。鏷的密度比釷大，而比鈾小；其熔點低於釷，而高於鈾。這三個元素彼此的熱膨脹、電導率和<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B0%8E%E7%8E%87" title="熱導率">熱導率</a>相當，表現出典型的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A7%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="貧金屬">貧金屬</a>特徵。估計鏷的<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AA%E5%88%87%E6%A8%A1%E9%87%8F" title="剪切模量">剪切模量</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="鈦">鈦</a>相近。<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>在室溫下，鏷是體心四方結構，其可被視為扭曲的體心立方晶格結晶：而這種結構在被壓縮至高達53 GPa時仍不會改變。從大約1200°C的高溫冷卻後，其結構變為面心立方（fcc）。<sup id="cite_ref-exp_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exp-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>從室溫至700°C之間其四方相的<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E8%86%A8%E8%83%80%E7%B3%BB%E6%95%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="热膨胀系数">熱膨脹係數</a>為9.9×10<sup>-6</sup>/°C。<sup id="cite_ref-exp_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exp-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>鏷具有<a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%86%E7%A3%81%E6%80%A7" title="順磁性">順磁性</a>，且在任何溫度下都不會發生磁躍遷。<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>它在溫度低於1.4<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="开尔文">K</a>時將成為<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E5%B0%8E%E9%AB%94" title="超導體">超導體</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-Emsley_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emsley-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-super_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-super-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%8F%B7" title="四氯化鏷">四氯化鏷</a>在室溫下是順磁性的，但在冷卻至182K後會轉為<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B5%E7%A3%81%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="鐵磁性">鐵磁性</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="化學性質"><span id=".E5.8C.96.E5.AD.B8.E6.80.A7.E8.B3.AA"></span>化學性質</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%A4&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：化學性質"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>鏷容易與<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="氧氣">氧氣</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E8%92%B8%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="水蒸氣">水蒸氣</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8" title="酸">酸</a>反應，但不與<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="鹼">鹼</a>反應。<sup id="cite_ref-Emsley_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Emsley-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>無論是在固體和水溶液中，鏷存在兩個主要的氧化態：+4和+5，而+3和+2態的鏷也在一些固相中被觀察到。由於它的電子組態是[Rn]7s<sup>2</sup>6d<sup>1</sup>5f<sup>2</sup>，+5氧化態對應的低能量有利於5f<sup>0</sup>的電子填入。+4和+5態的鏷都很容易在水中形成<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="氢氧化物">氫氧化物</a>，主要離子包括Pa(OH)<sup>3+</sup>、<span class="chemf nowrap">Pa(OH)<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left">2+<br />2</span></span>、<span class="chemf nowrap">Pa(OH)<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left">+<br />3</span></span>以及Pa(OH)<sub>4</sub>，皆為無色的。其他已知的離子包括<span class="chemf nowrap">PaCl<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left">2+<br />2</span></span>、<span class="chemf nowrap">PaSO<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left">2+<br />4</span></span>、PaF<sup>3+</sup>、<span class="chemf nowrap">PaF<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left">2+<br />2</span></span>、<span class="chemf nowrap">PaF<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left">−<br />6</span></span>、<span class="chemf nowrap">PaF<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left">2−<br />7</span></span>以及<span class="chemf nowrap">PaF<span style="line-height:1.2em;text-indent:0em;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;font-size:70%;text-align:left">3−<br />8</span></span>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="化合物"><span id=".E5.8C.96.E5.90.88.E7.89.A9"></span>化合物</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%A4&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：化合物"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <th>化學式 </th> <th>顏色 </th> <th>結構 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%BE%A4" title="空间群">空間群</a> </th> <th>空間群編號 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%B0%94%E9%80%8A%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="皮尔逊符号">皮爾遜符號</a> </th> <th><i>a</i> (pm) </th> <th><i>b</i> (pm) </th> <th><i>c</i> (pm) </th> <th><i>Z</i> </th> <th>密度, g/cm<sup>3</sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Pa </td> <td>銀灰 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%96%B9%E6%99%B6%E7%B3%BB" title="四方晶系">四方晶系</a> </td> <td>I4/mmm </td> <td>139 </td> <td>tI2 </td> <td>392.5 </td> <td>392.5 </td> <td>323.8 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>15.37 </td></tr> <tr> <td>PaO </td> <td> </td> <td>岩鹽<sup id="cite_ref-pao2_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pao2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Fm<span style="text-decoration:overline;">3</span>m </td> <td>225 </td> <td>cF8 </td> <td>496.1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>4 </td> <td>13.44 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%95%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="二氧化镤">PaO<sub>2</sub></a> </td> <td>黑 </td> <td>面心立方<sup id="cite_ref-pao2_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pao2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Fm<span style="text-decoration:overline;">3</span>m </td> <td>225 </td> <td>cF12 </td> <td>550.5 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>4 </td> <td>10.47 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%8C%E9%95%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="五氧化二镤">Pa<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub></a> </td> <td>白 </td> <td> </td> <td>Fm<span style="text-decoration:overline;">3</span>m<sup id="cite_ref-pao2_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pao2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>225 </td> <td>cF16 </td> <td>547.6 </td> <td>547.6 </td> <td>547.6 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>10.96 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pa<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> </td> <td>白 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%9C%E6%96%B9%E6%99%B6%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="斜方晶系">斜方晶系</a><sup id="cite_ref-pao2_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pao2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>692 </td> <td>402 </td> <td>418 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>PaH<sub>3</sub> </td> <td>黑 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B9%E6%99%B6%E7%B3%BB" title="立方晶系">立方晶系</a><sup id="cite_ref-pao2_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pao2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Pm<span style="text-decoration:overline;">3</span>n </td> <td>223 </td> <td>cP32 </td> <td>664.8 </td> <td>664.8 </td> <td>664.8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>10.58 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%9F%E5%8C%96%E9%95%A4" title="四氟化镤">PaF<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td>紅棕 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E6%96%9C%E6%99%B6%E7%B3%BB" title="单斜晶系">單斜晶系</a><sup id="cite_ref-pao2_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pao2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>C2/c </td> <td>15 </td> <td>mS60 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>2 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%8F%B7" title="五氯化鏷">PaCl<sub>4</sub></a> </td> <td>黃綠 </td> <td>四方晶系<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>I4<sub>1</sub>/amd </td> <td>141 </td> <td>tI20 </td> <td>837.7 </td> <td>837.7 </td> <td>748.1 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4.72 </td></tr> <tr> <td>PaBr<sub>4</sub> </td> <td>棕 </td> <td>四方晶系<sup id="cite_ref-pabr4_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pabr4-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>I4<sub>1</sub>/amd </td> <td>141 </td> <td>tI20 </td> <td>882.4 </td> <td>882.4 </td> <td>795.7 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>PaCl<sub>5</sub> </td> <td>黃 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E6%96%9C%E6%99%B6%E7%B3%BB" title="单斜晶系">單斜晶系</a><sup id="cite_ref-pacl5_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pacl5-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>C2/c </td> <td>15 </td> <td>mS24 </td> <td>797 </td> <td>1135 </td> <td>836 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3.74 </td></tr> <tr> <td>PaBr<sub>5</sub> </td> <td>紅 </td> <td>單斜晶系<sup id="cite_ref-pabr5_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pabr5-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>P2<sub>1</sub>/c </td> <td>14 </td> <td>mP24 </td> <td>838.5 </td> <td>1120.5 </td> <td>1214.6 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4.98 </td></tr> <tr> <td>PaOBr<sub>3</sub> </td> <td> </td> <td>單斜晶系 </td> <td>C2 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>1691.1 </td> <td>387.1 </td> <td>933.4 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pa(PO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%9C%E6%96%B9%E6%99%B6%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="斜方晶系">斜方晶系</a><sup id="cite_ref-papo3_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-papo3-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>696.9 </td> <td>895.9 </td> <td>1500.9 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pa<sub>2</sub>P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> </td> <td> </td> <td>立方晶系<sup id="cite_ref-papo3_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-papo3-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Pa3 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>865 </td> <td>865 </td> <td>865 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pa(C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>8</sub>)<sub>2</sub> </td> <td>金黃 </td> <td>單斜晶系<sup id="cite_ref-cene_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cene-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>709 </td> <td>875 </td> <td>1062 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>a，b和c是晶格常數，單位為皮米；Z是每單位晶格中的首欄化學式數目。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="同位素"><span id=".E5.90.8C.E4.BD.8D.E7.B4.A0"></span>同位素</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%A4&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：同位素"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>目前已發現29種鏷的同位素，全部都具有<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7" title="放射性">放射性</a>。其中最穩定的是<sup>231</sup>Pa，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="半衰期">半衰期</a>為32760年，<sup>233</sup>Pa的半衰期為27天，<sup>230</sup>Pa的半衰期為17.4天。其它的大部分都小於1.6天，其中的大部分又小於1.8秒。鏷還有兩個<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%95%B0%E6%A7%8B%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="核異構體">核異構體</a>：<sup>217m</sup>Pa（半衰期 1.2毫秒）和<sup>234m</sup>Pa（半衰期 1.17分）。<sup id="cite_ref-nubase_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nubase-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>鏷主要有兩種衰變模式：較輕同位素（<sup>211</sup>Pa至<sup>231</sup>Pa）的主要衰變模式為<a href="/wiki/%CE%91%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="Α衰變">α衰變</a>，產物多為<a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%92%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="錒的同位素">錒的同位素</a>；較重同位素（<sup>232</sup>Pa至<sup>240</sup>Pa）的主要衰變模式為<a href="/wiki/%CE%92%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="Β衰變">β衰變</a>，產物為<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="鈾的同位素">鈾的同位素</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-nubase_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nubase-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="應用"><span id=".E6.87.89.E7.94.A8"></span>應用</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%A4&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：應用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>雖然元素週期表中位於鏷前後的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="釷">釷</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE" title="鈾">鈾</a>由於半衰期長且存量豐富而都有著廣泛的應用，但鏷本身由於存量稀少，且具有高放射性和高毒性，目前在科學研究之外沒有其他用途。<sup id="cite_ref-ANL_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ANL-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>鏷-231是由<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%E7%88%90" class="mw-redirect" title="核反應爐">核反應爐</a>中鈾-235發生α衰變所產生，或者由以下反應<sup>232</sup>Th + n → <sup>231</sup>Th + 2n，接著<sup>231</sup>Th發生<a href="/wiki/%CE%92%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="Β衰變">β衰變</a>生成。它曾經被認為能夠維持<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E9%80%A3%E9%8E%96%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89" title="核連鎖反應">核連鎖反應</a>，理論上可以用來製造<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="核武器">核武器</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="物理學家">物理學家</a><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="沃爾特·塞弗里茨" data-lang-code="de" data-lang-name="德语" data-foreign-title="Walter Seifritz"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B2%83%E7%88%BE%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E8%8C%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="沃爾特·塞弗里茨（页面不存在）">沃爾特·塞弗里茨</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">德语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Seifritz" class="extiw" title="de:Walter Seifritz"><span lang="de" dir="auto">Walter Seifritz</span></a></span>）</span></span>曾估計其<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%A8%E7%95%8C%E8%B3%AA%E9%87%8F" title="臨界質量">臨界質量</a>為750±180<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E6%96%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="公斤">公斤</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>然而，由於難以製成如此大量的鏷，以鏷製造核武器的可能性已被排除。<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>隨著高靈敏度<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E8%AD%9C%E5%84%80" class="mw-redirect" title="質譜儀">質譜儀</a>的面世，鏷開始在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E8%B3%AA%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="地質學">地質學</a>和古<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="海洋學">海洋學</a>中用作<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E7%A4%BA%E8%B9%A4%E5%8A%91" class="mw-redirect" title="放射性示蹤劑">示蹤劑</a>，可透過沉積物中鏷-231和釷-230的比例對其進行<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E5%AE%9A%E5%B9%B4%E6%B3%95" title="放射性定年法">年代測定</a>，並用於模擬礦物的形成。<sup id="cite_ref-brit_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>使用此法測定海洋沉積物的年代，可讓科學家們能夠重建<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E6%B2%B3%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="冰河時期">冰河時期</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D" title="冰川">冰川</a>最後一次融化期間<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="北大西洋">北大西洋</a>水體的流動。<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>一些與鏷相關的年代測定依靠於對<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%80%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98%E9%93%BE" title="铀衰变链">鈾衰變鏈</a>中幾個長壽命同位素的相對濃度的分析，例如鈾、鏷和釷。這三個元素分別具有6、5和4個<a href="/wiki/%E5%83%B9%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90" title="價電子">價電子</a>，因此易形成+6、+5和+4<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%80%81" title="氧化态">氧化態</a>，並表現出不同的物性和化性。其中釷和鏷的化合物難溶於水，會沉澱成沉積物，而鈾則否，且釷的沉澱速率比鏷快。分析鏷-231（半衰期32760年）和釷-230（半衰期75380年）的濃度比例與僅測量一種同位素的濃度相比，可以提高年代測定的準確度。此外，這種雙同位素測定法受同位素空間分佈的不均勻性及其沉澱速率的變化性影響較小。<sup id="cite_ref-brit_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="安全"><span id=".E5.AE.89.E5.85.A8"></span>安全</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%A4&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：安全"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>鏷在人體中不發揮任何生物學作用<sup id="cite_ref-lenntech_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lenntech-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，但由於其具有高度的放射性，對生物體具有很高的毒性，因此须在密封的<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E5%A5%97%E7%AE%B1" title="手套箱">手套箱</a>进行操作。其最穩定的同位素鏷-231的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="活性比度" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Specific activity"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%BB%E6%80%A7%E6%AF%94%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="活性比度（页面不存在）">活性比度</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_activity" class="extiw" title="en:Specific activity"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Specific activity</span></a></span>）</span></span>為每<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="公克">克</a>0.048<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C_(%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D)" title="居里 (单位)">居里</a>（1.8G<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9D%E5%85%8B%E5%8B%92" class="mw-redirect" title="貝克勒">Bq</a>），主要會發射能量為5<a href="/wiki/MeV" class="mw-redirect" title="MeV">MeV</a>的<a href="/wiki/%CE%91%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Α粒子">α粒子</a>，用任何材料的薄片或皮膚即可阻擋，通常只有在被攝入體內時才會對健康構成危害。<sup id="cite_ref-lenntech_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lenntech-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>然而它會慢慢地<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="放射性衰變">衰變</a>成<a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%92" class="mw-redirect" title="錒">錒</a>-227，半衰期為32760年。錒-227的活性比度為每克74居里（2700GBq），會同時發射α及<a href="/wiki/%CE%92%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Β粒子">β粒子</a>，半衰期僅22年。錒-227接著會衰變成一些半衰期更短、活性比度更大的放射性同位素，最終衰變成穩定的<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="鉛">鉛</a>-207。其<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A%E9%8F%88" title="衰變鏈">衰變鏈</a>整理於下表： </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>同位素種類 </th> <td><sup>231</sup>Pa</td> <td><sup>227</sup>Ac</td> <td><sup>227</sup><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="釷">Th</a></td> <td><sup>223</sup><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="鐳">Ra</a></td> <td><sup>219</sup><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A1" title="氡">Rn</a></td> <td><sup>215</sup><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%99" class="mw-redirect" title="釙">Po</a></td> <td><sup>211</sup><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="鉛">Pb</a></td> <td><sup>211</sup><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="鉍">Bi</a></td> <td><sup>207</sup><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%88" class="mw-redirect" title="鉈">Tl</a></td> <td><sup>207</sup>Pb </td></tr> <tr> <th>放射劑量 (<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C_(%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D)" title="居里 (单位)">居里</a>/克) </th> <td>0.048</td> <td>73</td> <td>3.1×10<sup>4</sup></td> <td>5.2×10<sup>4</sup></td> <td>1.3×10<sup>10</sup></td> <td>3×10<sup>13</sup></td> <td>2.5×10<sup>7</sup></td> <td>4.2×10<sup>8</sup></td> <td>1.9×10<sup>8</sup></td> <td>-- </td></tr> <tr> <th>衰變模式 </th> <td>α</td> <td>α, β</td> <td>α</td> <td>α</td> <td>α</td> <td>α</td> <td>β</td> <td>α, β</td> <td>β</td> <td>-- </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="半衰期">半衰期</a> </th> <td>3.3萬年</td> <td>22年</td> <td>19天</td> <td>11天</td> <td>4秒</td> <td>1.8毫秒</td> <td>36分鐘</td> <td>2.1分鐘</td> <td>4.8分鐘</td> <td>觀測上穩定 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>鏷是微量存在於<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%95%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="自然界">自然界</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="天然">天然</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="元素">元素</a>，可通過進食、飲水或呼吸空氣進入體內。當吸入時，很大一部分的鏷可以從<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BA%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="肺部">肺部</a>透過<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E6%B6%B2" title="血液">血液</a>移動到其他器官，這取決於該鏷化合物的溶解度。<sup id="cite_ref-lenntech_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lenntech-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>通常人體內沉積的鏷可能是<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%B8%E8%83%83%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="腸胃道">腸胃道</a>從食物和飲水中吸收而來，攝入體內的鏷中只有大約0.05%會進入<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%80%E6%B6%B2" title="血液">血液</a>，其餘的則會被排出體外。血液中的鏷有大約40%進入<a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E9%AA%BC" title="骨骼">骨骼</a>中，約15%進入<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E8%87%9F" title="肝臟">肝臟</a>，2%進入<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%8E%E8%87%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="腎臟">腎臟</a>，其餘的被排泄出體外。鏷在骨骼中的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="生物半衰期">生物半衰期</a>約為50年，而在其他器官中，其排泄動力學具有快速和緩慢的組成部分。例如肝臟中70%的鏷的生物半衰期為10天，剩下的30%為60天；腎臟的相應值則為20%（10天）和80%（60天）。在鏷處於這些器官中的期間內，其放射性會持續增加<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%8C%E7%97%87" title="癌症">癌症</a>產生的風險。<sup id="cite_ref-ANL_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ANL-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-target_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-target-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>鏷在人體內的最大放射性活度安全劑量是0.03微居里（1.1kBq），相當於0.5<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E5%85%8B" title="微克">微克</a>鏷-231的放射性，這種同位素的毒性是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E6%B0%B0%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="氢氰酸">氫氰酸</a>的2.5×10<sup>8</sup>倍。<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="德國">德國</a>，鏷-231在空氣中的最大允許濃度為3×10<sup>-4</sup> Bq/m<sup>3</sup>。<sup id="cite_ref-target_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-target-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%A4&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span 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Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2022-05-04. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1365-3075"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 1365-3075</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fpac-2019-0603"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603</span></a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%95%A4&rft.atitle=Standard+atomic+weights+of+the+elements+2021+%28IUPAC+Technical+Report%29&rft.au=B%C3%B6hlke%2C+John+K.&rft.au=Benefield%2C+Jacqueline&rft.au=Chesson%2C+Lesley+A.&rft.au=Coplen%2C+Tyler+B.&rft.au=Ding%2C+Tiping&rft.au=Dunn%2C+Philip+J.+H.&rft.au=Gr%C3%B6ning%2C+Manfred&rft.au=Holden%2C+Norman+E.&rft.au=Irrgeher%2C+Johanna&rft.au=Meijer%2C+Harro+A.+J.&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.aulast=Prohaska&rft.date=2022-05-04&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1365-3075&rft.jtitle=Pure+and+Applied+Chemistry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.1515%2Fpac-2019-0603%2Fhtml&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fpac-2019-0603&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-str-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-str_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Donohue, J. 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Acta Crystallographica. 1959, <b>12</b> (9): 697. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1107%2FS0365110X59002031"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1107/S0365110X59002031</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%95%A4&rft.atitle=On+the+crystal+structure+of+protactinium+metal&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.aulast=Donohue&rft.date=1959&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=9&rft.jtitle=Acta+Crystallographica&rft.pages=697&rft.volume=12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1107%2FS0365110X59002031&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-magnet-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-magnet_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf">Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120112012253/http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf">存檔</a>，存档日期2012-01-12., in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806224619/http://dict.variants.moe.edu.tw/yitib/frb/frb05389.htm">异体字字典</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-08-06</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dict.variants.moe.edu.tw/yitib/frb/frb05389.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2017-08-06）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%95%A4&rft.btitle=%E5%BC%82%E4%BD%93%E5%AD%97%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdict.variants.moe.edu.tw%2Fyitib%2Ffrb%2Ffrb05389.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Emsley-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Emsley_5-0"><sup><b>5.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emsley_5-1"><sup><b>5.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emsley_5-2"><sup><b>5.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emsley_5-3"><sup><b>5.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emsley_5-4"><sup><b>5.4</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Emsley, John. Protactinium. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=j-Xu07p3cKwC&pg=PA348">Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements</a>. Oxford, England, UK: Oxford University Press. 2003: 347–349 [2001]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-19-850340-7" title="Special:网络书源/0-19-850340-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-19-850340-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%95%A4&rft.atitle=Protactinium&rft.aufirst=John&rft.aulast=Emsley&rft.btitle=Nature%27s+Building+Blocks%3A+An+A-Z+Guide+to+the+Elements&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=0-19-850340-7&rft.pages=347-349&rft.place=Oxford%2C+England%2C+UK&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dj-Xu07p3cKwC%26pg%3DPA348&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Laing, Michael. A Revised Periodic Table: With the Lanthanides Repositioned. Foundations of Chemistry. 2005, <b>7</b> (3): 203. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10698-004-5959-9"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1007/s10698-004-5959-9</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%95%A4&rft.atitle=A+Revised+Periodic+Table%3A+With+the+Lanthanides+Repositioned&rft.au=Laing%2C+Michael&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Foundations+of+Chemistry&rft.pages=203&rft.volume=7&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10698-004-5959-9&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-google_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">National Research Council (U.S.). Conference on Glossary of Terms in Nuclear Science and Technology. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200811082608/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-zgrAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA180">A Glossary of Terms in Nuclear Science and Technology</a>. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. 1957: 180 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2015]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-zgrAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA180">原始内容</a>存档于2020-08-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%95%A4&rft.au=National+Research+Council+%28U.S.%29.+Conference+on+Glossary+of+Terms+in+Nuclear+Science+and+Technology&rft.btitle=A+Glossary+of+Terms+in+Nuclear+Science+and+Technology&rft.date=1957&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=180&rft.pub=American+Society+of+Mechanical+Engineers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.co.uk%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-zgrAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA180&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Crookes, W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210329062623/https://books.google.com/books?id=hmZDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA409-IA6">Radio-Activity of Uranium</a>. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 1899, <b>66</b>: 409–423 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-09-14</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frspl.1899.0120"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1098/rspl.1899.0120</span></a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=hmZDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA409-IA6">原始内容</a>存档于2021-03-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%95%A4&rft.atitle=Radio-Activity+of+Uranium&rft.aufirst=W.&rft.aulast=Crookes&rft.date=1899&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London&rft.pages=409-423&rft.volume=66&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhmZDAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA409-IA6&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frspl.1899.0120&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CRC-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CRC_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hammond, C. R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/crchandbookofche81lide">The Elements, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</a> 81st. CRC press. 2004. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-8493-0485-7" title="Special:网络书源/0-8493-0485-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-8493-0485-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%95%A4&rft.au=Hammond%2C+C.+R.&rft.btitle=The+Elements%2C+in+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.date=2004&rft.edition=81st&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-8493-0485-7&rft.pub=CRC+press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcrchandbookofche81lide&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Myasoedov, B. F.; Kirby, H. W.; Tananaev, I. G. Chapter 4: Protactinium. Morss, L. R.; Edelstein, N. M.; Fuger, J. (编). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements 3rd. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer. 2006. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-4020-3555-5" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-4020-3555-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-4020-3555-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%95%A4&rft.atitle=Chapter+4%3A+Protactinium&rft.au=Kirby%2C+H.+W.&rft.au=Tananaev%2C+I.+G.&rft.aufirst=B.+F.&rft.aulast=Myasoedov&rft.btitle=The+Chemistry+of+the+Actinide+and+Transactinide+Elements&rft.date=2006&rft.edition=3rd&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-1-4020-3555-5&rft.place=Dordrecht%2C+The+Netherlands&rft.pub=Springer&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928025549/http://periodic.lanl.gov/91.shtml">Protactinium</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-03-21</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://periodic.lanl.gov/91.shtml">原始内容</a>存档于2011年9月28日）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%95%A4&rft.btitle=Protactinium&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fperiodic.lanl.gov%2F91.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%A1%E6%A0%91%E5%B2%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%AE%A4" title="橡树岭国家实验室">橡树岭国家实验室</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-exp-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-exp_12-0"><sup><b>12.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-exp_12-1"><sup><b>12.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-exp_12-2"><sup><b>12.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Marples, J. A. C. On the thermal expansion of protactinium metal. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Acta_Crystallographica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acta Crystallographica（页面不存在）">Acta Crystallographica</a>. 1965, <b>18</b> (4): 815–817. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1107%2FS0365110X65001871"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1107/S0365110X65001871</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%95%A4&rft.atitle=On+the+thermal+expansion+of+protactinium+metal&rft.aufirst=J.+A.+C.&rft.aulast=Marples&rft.date=1965&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Acta+Crystallographica&rft.pages=815-817&rft.volume=18&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1107%2FS0365110X65001871&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-super-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-super_13-0"><sup><b>13.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-super_13-1"><sup><b>13.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Fowler, R. D.; Matthias, B.; Asprey, L.; Hill, H.; et al. Superconductivity of Protactinium. <a href="/wiki/Physical_Review_Letters" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical Review Letters">Physical Review Letters</a>. 1965, <b>15</b> (22): 860. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1965PhRvL..15..860F"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:1965PhRvL..15..860F</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.15.860"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.15.860</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%95%A4&rft.atitle=Superconductivity+of+Protactinium&rft.au=Asprey%2C+L.&rft.au=Fowler%2C+R.+D.&rft.au=Hill%2C+H.&rft.au=Lindsay%2C+J.&rft.au=Matthias%2C+B.&rft.au=Olsen%2C+C.&rft.au=White%2C+R.&rft.date=1965&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=22&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+Letters&rft.pages=860&rft.volume=15&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1965PhRvL..15..860F&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.15.860&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pao2-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pao2_14-0"><sup><b>14.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pao2_14-1"><sup><b>14.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pao2_14-2"><sup><b>14.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pao2_14-3"><sup><b>14.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pao2_14-4"><sup><b>14.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pao2_14-5"><sup><b>14.5</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pao2_14-6"><sup><b>14.6</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Sellers, Philip A.; Fried, Sherman; Elson, Robert E.; Zachariasen, W. H. The Preparation of Some Protactinium Compounds and the Metal. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1954, <b>76</b> (23): 5935. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fja01652a011"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1021/ja01652a011</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%95%A4&rft.atitle=The+Preparation+of+Some+Protactinium+Compounds+and+the+Metal&rft.au=Elson%2C+Robert+E.&rft.au=Fried%2C+Sherman&rft.au=Zachariasen%2C+W.+H.&rft.aufirst=Philip+A.&rft.aulast=Sellers&rft.date=1954&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=23&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.pages=5935&rft.volume=76&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fja01652a011&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seitz, Frederick and Turnbull, David (1964) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F9V3a-0V3r8C&pg=PA289">Solid state physics: advances in research and applications</a>, Academic Press, pp. 289–291, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61200749">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-12-607716-9" title="Special:网络书源/0-12-607716-9">0-12-607716-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Young, David A. 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Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 2004, <b>177</b> (12): 4743. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004JSSCh.177.4743B"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:2004JSSCh.177.4743B</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jssc.2004.08.009"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1016/j.jssc.2004.08.009</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%95%A4&rft.atitle=Chemistry+of+tetravalent+actinide+phosphates%E2%80%94Part+I&rft.au=Dacheux%2C+N.&rft.aufirst=V.&rft.aulast=Brandel&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=12&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Solid+State+Chemistry&rft.pages=4743&rft.volume=177&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004JSSCh.177.4743B&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jssc.2004.08.009&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cene-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cene_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Starks, David F.; Parsons, Thomas C.; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_Streitwieser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew Streitwieser（页面不存在）">Streitwieser, Andrew.</a>; Edelstein, Norman. Bis(π-cyclooctatetraene) protactinium. Inorganic Chemistry. 1974, <b>13</b> (6): 1307. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fic50136a011"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1021/ic50136a011</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%95%A4&rft.atitle=Bis%28%CF%80-cyclooctatetraene%29+protactinium&rft.au=Edelstein%2C+Norman.&rft.au=Parsons%2C+Thomas+C.&rft.au=Streitwieser%2C+Andrew.&rft.aufirst=David+F.&rft.aulast=Starks&rft.date=1974&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=Inorganic+Chemistry&rft.pages=1307&rft.volume=13&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fic50136a011&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nubase-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nubase_25-0"><sup><b>25.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nubase_25-1"><sup><b>25.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Audi, G. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080923135135/http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf">The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Nuclear Physics A. 2003, <b>729</b>: 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003NuPhA.729....3A"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001</span></a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/nubase/Nubase2003.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2008-09-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%95%A4&rft.atitle=The+NUBASE+evaluation+of+nuclear+and+decay+properties&rft.aufirst=G&rft.aulast=Audi&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+Physics+A&rft.pages=3&rft.volume=729&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nndc.bnl.gov%2Famdc%2Fnubase%2FNubase2003.pdf&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003NuPhA.729....3A&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.nuclphysa.2003.11.001&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ANL-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ANL_26-0"><sup><b>26.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ANL_26-1"><sup><b>26.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ead.anl.gov/pub/doc/protactinium.pdf">Protactinium</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080307023843/http://www.ead.anl.gov/pub/doc/protactinium.pdf">存檔</a>，存档日期7 March 2008., Argonne National Laboratory, Human Health Fact Sheet, August 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seifritz, Walter (1984) <i>Nukleare Sprengkörper – Bedrohung oder Energieversorgung für die Menschheit</i>, Thiemig-Verlag, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/3-521-06143-4" title="Special:网络书源/3-521-06143-4">3-521-06143-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Ganesan, S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231501/http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/sept10/researcharticle.pdf">A Re-calculation of Criticality Property of <sup>231</sup>Pa Using New Nuclear Data</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Current_Science&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Current Science（页面不存在）">Current Science</a>. 1999, <b>77</b> (5): 667–677 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2013]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/sept10/researcharticle.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于3 March 2016）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%95%A4&rft.atitle=A+Re-calculation+of+Criticality+Property+of+%3Csup%3E231%3C%2Fsup%3EPa+Using+New+Nuclear+Data&rft.au=Ganesan%2C+S.&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=5&rft.jtitle=Current+Science&rft.pages=667-677&rft.volume=77&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iisc.ernet.in%2Fcurrsci%2Fsept10%2Fresearcharticle.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brit-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brit_29-0"><sup><b>29.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brit_29-1"><sup><b>29.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Articles "Protactinium" and "Protactinium-231 – thorium-230 dating" in Encyclopædia Britannica, 15th edition, 1995, p. 737</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">McManus, J. F.; Francois, R.; Gherardi, J.-M.; Keigwin, L. D.; et al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130410051109/http://www.seas.harvard.edu/climate/pdf/mcmanus-2004.pdf">Collapse and rapid resumption of Atlantic meridional circulation linked to deglacial climate changes</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a>. 2004, <b>428</b> (6985): 834–837 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-01-14</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004Natur.428..834M"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:2004Natur.428..834M</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15103371"><span title="公共医学识别码">PMID 15103371</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:205210064"><span title="Semantic Scholar">S2CID 205210064</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature02494"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1038/nature02494</span></a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seas.harvard.edu/climate/pdf/mcmanus-2004.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2013-04-10）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%95%A4&rft.atitle=Collapse+and+rapid+resumption+of+Atlantic+meridional+circulation+linked+to+deglacial+climate+changes&rft.au=Brown-Leger%2C+S.&rft.au=Francois%2C+R.&rft.au=Gherardi%2C+J.-M.&rft.au=Keigwin%2C+L.+D.&rft.au=McManus%2C+J.+F.&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=6985&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.pages=834-837&rft.volume=428&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seas.harvard.edu%2Fclimate%2Fpdf%2Fmcmanus-2004.pdf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A205210064&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004Natur.428..834M&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature02494&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15103371&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Cheng, H.; Edwards, R.Lawrence; Murrell, M. T.; Benjamin, T. M. Uranium-thorium-protactinium dating systematics. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geochimica_et_Cosmochimica_Acta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta（页面不存在）">Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta</a>. 1998, <b>62</b> (21–22): 3437. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998GeCoA..62.3437C"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:1998GeCoA..62.3437C</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0016-7037%2898%2900255-5"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00255-5</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%95%A4&rft.atitle=Uranium-thorium-protactinium+dating+systematics&rft.au=Benjamin%2C+T.+M.&rft.au=Edwards%2C+R.Lawrence&rft.au=Murrell%2C+M.+T.&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.aulast=Cheng&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=21%E2%80%9322&rft.jtitle=Geochimica+et+Cosmochimica+Acta&rft.pages=3437&rft.volume=62&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1998GeCoA..62.3437C&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0016-7037%2898%2900255-5&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lenntech-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lenntech_32-0"><sup><b>32.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lenntech_32-1"><sup><b>32.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lenntech_32-2"><sup><b>32.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220618122013/https://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/pa.htm">Protactinium (Pa) - Chemical properties, Health and Environmental effects</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-01-15</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/pa.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2022-06-18） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%95%A4&rft.btitle=Protactinium+%28Pa%29+-+Chemical+properties%2C+Health+and+Environmental+effects&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lenntech.com%2Fperiodic%2Felements%2Fpa.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-target-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-target_33-0"><sup><b>33.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-target_33-1"><sup><b>33.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Grossmann, R; Maier, H; Szerypo, J; Friebel, H. Preparation of 231Pa targets. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. 2008, <b>590</b>: 122. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008NIMPA.590..122G"><span title="Bibcode">Bibcode:2008NIMPA.590..122G</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.nima.2008.02.084"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1016/j.nima.2008.02.084</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%95%A4&rft.atitle=Preparation+of+231Pa+targets&rft.au=Friebel%2C+H&rft.au=Maier%2C+H&rft.au=Szerypo%2C+J&rft.aufirst=R&rft.aulast=Grossmann&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nuclear+Instruments+and+Methods+in+Physics+Research+Section+A%3A+Accelerators%2C+Spectrometers%2C+Detectors+and+Associated+Equipment&rft.pages=122&rft.volume=590&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008NIMPA.590..122G&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.nima.2008.02.084&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Palshin, E.S.; et al. Analytical chemistry of protactinium. Moscow: Nauka. 1968.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%95%A4&rft.au=Palshin%2C+E.S.&rft.btitle=Analytical+chemistry+of+protactinium&rft.date=1968&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pub=Nauka&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> 引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E6%98%BE%E5%BC%8F%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%AD%89%E6%A0%87%E7%AD%BE" title="Category:引文格式1维护：显式使用等标签">link</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%A4&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>元素镤在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://periodic.lanl.gov/91.shtml">洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室</a>的介紹<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/periodic/Pa.html"><span lang="en">EnvironmentalChemistry.com</span> —— 镤</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></li> <li>元素<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/091.htm">镤</a>在<i>The Periodic Table of Videos</i>（諾丁漢大學）的介紹<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></li> <li>元素镤在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/element.php?sym=Pa">Peter van der Krogt elements site</a>的介紹<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Pa/index.html">WebElements.com – 镤</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="英語">（英文）</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E9%94%95%E7%B3%BB%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:锕系元素"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="元素周期表（锕系元素）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素周期表">元素周期表</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%95%E7%B3%BB%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="锕系元素">锕系元素</a>）</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table class="wraplinks" style="width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td>  </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83953186"> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="碱金属">IA<br />1</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E5%9C%9F%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="碱土金属">IIA<br />2</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/3%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="3族元素">IIIB<br />3</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/4%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="4族元素">IVB<br />4</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/5%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="5族元素">VB<br />5</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/6%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="6族元素">VIB<br />6</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/7%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="7族元素">VIIB<br />7</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/8%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="8族元素">VIIIB<br />8</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/9%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="9族元素">VIIIB<br />9</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/10%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="10族元素">VIIIB<br />10</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/11%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="11族元素">IB<br />11</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/12%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="12族元素">IIB<br />12</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="硼族元素">IIIA<br />13</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="碳族元素">IVA<br />14</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="氮族元素">VA<br />15</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="氧族元素">VIA<br />16</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A4%E7%B4%A0" title="卤素">VIIA<br />17</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%80%E6%9C%89%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93" title="稀有气体">VIIIA<br />18</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC1%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第1周期元素">1</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2" title="氢">H</a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC2%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第2周期元素">2</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%82" title="锂">Li</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8D" title="铍">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC" title="硼">B</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">C</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">N</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">O</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F" title="氟">F</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%96" title="氖">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC3%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第3周期元素">3</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A0" title="钠">Na</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%81" title="镁">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9D" title="铝">Al</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%85" title="硅">Si</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7" title="磷">P</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">S</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF" title="氯">Cl</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A9" title="氩">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC4%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第4周期元素">4</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BE" title="钾">K</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%99" title="钙">Ca</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AA" title="钪">Sc</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9B" title="钛">Ti</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%92" title="钒">V</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AC" title="铬">Cr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B0" title="锰">Mn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81" title="铁">Fe</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B4" title="钴">Co</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8D" title="镍">Ni</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9C" title="铜">Cu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8C" title="锌">Zn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%93" title="镓">Ga</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%97" title="锗">Ge</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B7" title="砷">As</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%92" title="硒">Se</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B4" title="溴">Br</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AA" title="氪">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC5%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第5周期元素">5</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B7" title="铷">Rb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B6" title="锶">Sr</a> </td> <td style="border:none; width:0;padding:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%87" title="钇">Y</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%86" title="锆">Zr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8C" title="铌">Nb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BC" title="钼">Mo</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%9D" title="锝">Tc</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8C" title="钌">Ru</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%91" title="铑">Rh</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AF" title="钯">Pd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀">Ag</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%89" title="镉">Cd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9F" title="铟">In</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1" title="锡">Sn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%91" title="锑">Sb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B2" title="碲">Te</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%98" title="碘">I</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%99" title="氙">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC6%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第6周期元素">6</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AF" title="铯">Cs</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A1" title="钡">Ba</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A7" title="镧">La</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%88" title="铈">Ce</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A8" title="镨">Pr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%95" title="钕">Nd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B7" title="钷">Pm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%90" title="钐">Sm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%95" title="铕">Eu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%86" title="钆">Gd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BD" title="铽">Tb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%9D" title="镝">Dy</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AC" title="钬">Ho</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%92" title="铒">Er</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%A5" title="铥">Tm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B1" title="镱">Yb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A5" title="镥">Lu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AA" title="铪">Hf</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BD" title="钽">Ta</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A8" title="钨">W</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BC" title="铼">Re</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%87" title="锇">Os</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B1" title="铱">Ir</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%82" title="铂">Pt</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金">Au</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9E" title="汞">Hg</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8A" title="铊">Tl</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85" title="铅">Pb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8B" title="铋">Bi</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8B" title="钋">Po</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B9" title="砹">At</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A1" title="氡">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC7%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第7周期元素">7</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AB" title="钫">Fr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%AD" title="镭">Ra</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%95" title="锕">Ac</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8D" title="钍">Th</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pa</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE" title="鈾">U</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8E" title="镎">Np</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9A" title="钚">Pu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%85" title="镅">Am</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%94" title="锔">Cm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%AB" title="锫">Bk</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8E" title="锎">Cf</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%BF" title="锿">Es</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%84" title="镄">Fm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%94" title="钔">Md</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%98" title="锘">No</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%92" title="鐒">Lr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%91%AA" title="鑪">Rf</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A7%80" title="𨧀">Db</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%8E" title="𨭎">Sg</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A8%8F" title="𨨏">Bh</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%86" title="𨭆">Hs</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%A5%91" title="䥑">Mt</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%BD" title="鐽">Ds</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%80" title="錀">Rg</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%B6" title="鎶">Cn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%A8" title="鉨">Nh</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%87" title="鈇">Fl</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%86" title="镆">Mc</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9D" title="鉝">Lv</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AC" title="鿬">Ts</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AB" title="鿫">Og</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div 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