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</ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-性质" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#性质"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 性质 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-性质-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关性质子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-性质-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-结构" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#结构"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 结构 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-结构-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-物理性质" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#物理性质"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 物理性质 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-物理性质-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-化学性质" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#化学性质"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 化学性质 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-化学性质-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-化合物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#化合物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.1 化合物 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-化合物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-同位素" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#同位素"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 同位素 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-同位素-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 历史 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-存在和制备" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#存在和制备"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 存在和制备 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-存在和制备-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-应用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#应用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 应用 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-应用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-生物作用和毒性" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生物作用和毒性"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 生物作用和毒性 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-生物作用和毒性-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关生物作用和毒性子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-生物作用和毒性-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-概述" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#概述"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 概述 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-概述-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-急性影响" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#急性影响"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 急性影响 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-急性影响-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-长期影响" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#长期影响"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 长期影响 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-长期影响-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-监管暴露限制和处理" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#监管暴露限制和处理"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 监管暴露限制和处理 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-监管暴露限制和处理-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中毒案例" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中毒案例"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 中毒案例 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中毒案例-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-20世纪" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20世纪"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5.1 20世纪 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20世纪-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21世纪" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21世纪"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5.2 21世纪 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21世纪-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-治疗" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#治疗"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 治疗 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-治疗-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-生物标本中的检测" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生物标本中的检测"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.7 生物标本中的检测 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-生物标本中的检测-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-在人类和生物圈中的存在" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#在人类和生物圈中的存在"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.8 在人类和生物圈中的存在 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-在人类和生物圈中的存在-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-烟草" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#烟草"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.9 烟草 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-烟草-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-食物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#食物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.10 食物 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-食物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 參考文獻 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考书目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考书目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 参考书目 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考书目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 外部連結 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > 开关目录 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">钋</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。143种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-143" aria-hidden="true" > 143种语言 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%96%E1%88%8E%E1%8A%92%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ፖሎኒየም – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፖሎኒየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonio" title="Polonio – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Polonio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="पोलोनियम – 昂加语" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="पोलोनियम" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加语" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="بولونيوم – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بولونيوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="پولونيوم – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="پولونيوم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="بولونيوم – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بولونيوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloniu" title="Poloniu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Poloniu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Полоний – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Полоний" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonyo_(elemento)" title="Polonyo (elemento) – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Polonyo (elemento)" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Палоній – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Палоній" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD" title="Палён – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Палён" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Полоний – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Полоний" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="पोलोनियम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पोलोनियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="পোলোনিয়াম – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পোলোনিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8D" title="བོ་ལོ་ནིམ། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བོ་ལོ་ནིམ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloniom" title="Poloniom – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Poloniom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonij" title="Polonij – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Polonij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloni" title="Poloni – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Poloni" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonyo" title="Polonyo – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Polonyo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%86%D9%84%DB%86%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%85" title="پۆلۆنیۆم – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پۆلۆنیۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloniu" title="Poloniu – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Poloniu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Полоний – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Полоний" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloniwm" title="Poloniwm – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Poloniwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Πολώνιο – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πολώνιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonio" title="Polonio – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Polonio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonio" title="Polonio – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Polonio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloonium" title="Poloonium – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Poloonium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonio" title="Polonio – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Polonio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85" title="پولونیم – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پولونیم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloonium" title="Poloonium – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Poloonium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloni" title="Poloni – 弗留利语" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Poloni" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%B3iniam" title="Polóiniam – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Polóiniam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonio" title="Polonio – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Polonio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AE" title="પોલોનીયમ – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પોલોનીયમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="פולוניום – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פולוניום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="पोलोनियम – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पोलोनियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonij" title="Polonij – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Polonij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polony%C3%B2m" title="Polonyòm – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Polonyòm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%B3nium" title="Polónium – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Polónium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Պոլոնիում – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պոլոնիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonio" title="Polonio – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Polonio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3lon" title="Pólon – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Pólon" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonio" title="Polonio – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Polonio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9D%E3%83%AD%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="ポロニウム – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ポロニウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jicmrpoloni" title="jicmrpoloni – 逻辑语" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jicmrpoloni" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="逻辑语" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="პოლონიუმი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პოლონიუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C9%94l%C9%94n%C9%A9y%C9%94m" title="Pɔlɔnɩyɔm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Pɔlɔnɩyɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Полоний – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Полоний" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಪೊಲೊನಿಯಮ್ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪೊಲೊನಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%B4%EB%A1%9C%EB%8A%84" title="폴로늄 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="폴로늄" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polony%C3%BBm" title="Polonyûm – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Polonyûm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Полоний – 科米语" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Полоний" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloniom" title="Poloniom – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Poloniom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Полоний – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Полоний" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonnio" title="Polonnio – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Polonnio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonio" title="Polonio – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Polonio" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonis" title="Polonis – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Polonis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonijs" title="Polonijs – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Polonijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Полониум – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Полониум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="പൊളോണിയം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പൊളോണിയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Полони – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Полони" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%9D" title="ꯄꯣꯂꯣꯅꯤꯌꯝ – 曼尼普尔语" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯄꯣꯂꯣꯅꯤꯌꯝ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="पोलोनियम – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पोलोनियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Полоний – 西馬里文" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Полоний" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="西馬里文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="ပိုလိုနီယမ် – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပိုလိုနီယမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="पोलोनियम – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पोलोनियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%B2ni" title="Polòni – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Polòni" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonii" title="Polonii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Polonii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%AE" title="ପୋଲୋନିଅମ – 奥里亚语" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପୋଲୋନିଅମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="奥里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Полоний – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Полоний" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE" title="ਪੋਲੋਨੀਅਮ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੋਲੋਨੀਅਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="पोलोनियम – 巴利语" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="पोलोनियम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="巴利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polon" title="Polon – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Polon" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%B2ni" title="Polòni – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Polòni" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85" title="پولونیم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پولونیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%85" title="پولونيم – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پولونيم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%B4nio" title="Polônio – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Polônio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulunyu" title="Pulunyu – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pulunyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloniu" title="Poloniu – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Poloniu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloniu" title="Poloniu – 阿罗马尼亚语" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Poloniu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="阿罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Полоний – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Полоний" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="पोलोनियम – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पोलोनियम" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%B2niu" title="Polòniu – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Polòniu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloniu" title="Poloniu – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Poloniu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonijum" title="Polonijum – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Polonijum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A" title="පොලෝනියම් – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පොලෝනියම්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol%C3%B3nium" title="Polónium – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Polónium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonij" title="Polonij – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Polonij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boloniyaam" title="Boloniyaam – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Boloniyaam" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloniumi" title="Poloniumi – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Poloniumi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Полонијум – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Полонијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloni" title="Poloni – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Poloni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பொலோனியம் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பொலோனியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="పొలోనియం – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పొలోనియం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Полоний – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Полоний" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="พอโลเนียม – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พอโลเนียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonyo_(elemento)" title="Polonyo (elemento) – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Polonyo (elemento)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonyum" title="Polonyum – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Polonyum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Полоний – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Полоний" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%89%D9%8A" title="پولونىي – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="پولونىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Полоній – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Полоній" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%85" title="پولونیئم – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پولونیئم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloniy" title="Poloniy – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Poloniy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonii" title="Polonii – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Polonii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poloni" title="Poloni – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Poloni" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonyo" title="Polonyo – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Polonyo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%92%8B" title="钋 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="钋" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Полон – 卡尔梅克语" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Полон" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="卡尔梅克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="פאלאניום – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פאלאניום" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%99" title="釙 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="釙" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Polonium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%99" title="釙 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="釙" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a 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.Yuansuzhouqibiao_g_block{background-color:#ffcc66}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_g_block_predicted{background-color:#FDA}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_h_block{background-color:#F0908C}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_h_block_predicted{background-color:#F0B6B4}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown{background-color:#e8e8e8}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_error_type{background-color:#000000}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_null{background-color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_maybe_not_exist{background-color:white}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_none_type{background-color:#c0c0c0}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_gas{color:green}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_liquid{color:blue}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_solid{color:black;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknow_phase{color:grey}</style><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2" title="氢">氫（非金屬）</a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">氦（惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%82" title="锂">鋰（鹼金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8D" title="铍">鈹（鹼土金屬）</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC" title="硼">硼（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">碳（非金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">氮（非金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">氧（非金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F" title="氟">氟（鹵素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%96" title="氖">氖（惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A0" title="钠">鈉（鹼金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%81" title="镁">鎂（鹼土金屬）</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9D" title="铝">鋁（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%85" title="硅">矽（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7" title="磷">磷（非金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">硫（非金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF" title="氯">氯（鹵素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A9" title="氩">氬（惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BE" title="钾">鉀（鹼金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%99" title="钙">鈣（鹼土金屬）</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AA" title="钪">鈧（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9B" title="钛">鈦（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%92" title="钒">釩（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AC" title="铬">鉻（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B0" title="锰">錳（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81" title="铁">鐵（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B4" title="钴">鈷（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8D" title="镍">鎳（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9C" title="铜">銅（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8C" title="锌">鋅（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%93" title="镓">鎵（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%97" title="锗">鍺（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B7" title="砷">砷（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%92" title="硒">硒（非金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B4" title="溴">溴（鹵素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AA" title="氪">氪（惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B7" title="铷">銣（鹼金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B6" title="锶">鍶（鹼土金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none; width:0;padding:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%87" title="钇">釔（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%86" title="锆">鋯（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8C" title="铌">鈮（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BC" title="钼">鉬（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%9D" title="锝">鎝（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8C" title="钌">釕（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%91" title="铑">銠（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AF" title="钯">鈀（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀">銀（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%89" title="镉">鎘（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9F" title="铟">銦（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1" title="锡">錫（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%91" title="锑">銻（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B2" title="碲">碲（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%98" title="碘">碘（鹵素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%99" title="氙">氙（惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AF" title="铯">銫（鹼金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A1" title="钡">鋇（鹼土金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A7" title="镧">鑭（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%88" title="铈">鈰（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A8" title="镨">鐠（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%95" title="钕">釹（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B7" title="钷">鉕（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%90" title="钐">釤（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%95" title="铕">銪（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%86" title="钆">釓（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BD" title="铽">鋱（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%9D" title="镝">鏑（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AC" title="钬">鈥（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%92" title="铒">鉺（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%A5" title="铥">銩（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B1" title="镱">鐿（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A5" title="镥">鎦（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AA" title="铪">鉿（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BD" title="钽">鉭（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A8" title="钨">鎢（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BC" title="铼">錸（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%87" title="锇">鋨（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B1" title="铱">銥（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%82" title="铂">鉑（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金">金（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9E" title="汞">汞（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8A" title="铊">鉈（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85" title="铅">鉛（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8B" title="铋">鉍（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">釙（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B9" title="砹">砈（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A1" title="氡">氡（惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AB" title="钫">鍅（鹼金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%AD" title="镭">鐳（鹼土金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%95" title="锕">錒（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8D" title="钍">釷（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A4" title="镤">鏷（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE" title="鈾">鈾（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8E" title="镎">錼（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9A" title="钚">鈽（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%85" title="镅">鋂（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%94" title="锔">鋦（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%AB" title="锫">鉳（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8E" title="锎">鉲（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%BF" title="锿">鑀（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%84" title="镄">鐨（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%94" title="钔">鍆（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%98" title="锘">鍩（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%92" title="鐒">鐒（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%91%AA" title="鑪">鑪（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A7%80" title="𨧀">𨧀（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%8E" title="𨭎">𨭎（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A8%8F" title="𨨏">𨨏（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%86" title="𨭆">𨭆（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%A5%91" title="䥑">䥑（預測為過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%BD" title="鐽">鐽（預測為過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%80" title="錀">錀（預測為過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%B6" title="鎶">鎶（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%A8" title="鉨">鉨（預測為貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%87" title="鈇">鈇（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%86" title="镆">鏌（預測為貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9D" title="鉝">鉝（預測為貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AC" title="鿬">鿬（預測為鹵素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AB" title="鿫">鿫（預測為惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; width:10px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B2" title="碲">碲</a> ↑ 釙 ↓ <a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9D" title="鉝">鉝</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; padding-top:0; padding-bottom:1px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="鉍">鉍</a> ← 釙 → <a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B9" title="砹">砹</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="text-align:center; color:#000000;;">外觀</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">銀色 <a href="/wiki/File:Polonium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/zh/thumb/6/66/Polonium.jpg/250px-Polonium.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/zh/6/66/Polonium.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="329" data-file-height="314" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="text-align:center; color:#000000;;">概況</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">名稱·<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="元素列表">符號</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BA%8F%E6%95%B0" title="原子序数">序數</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">釙（polonium）·Po·84</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">元素類別</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A7%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="貧金屬">貧金屬</a> 有爭議（有人認為其為<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%9E%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="類金屬">類金屬</a>）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%8F_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="族 (化学)">族</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F" title="元素周期">週期</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="元素分区">區</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/16%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="16族元素">16</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC6%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第6周期元素">6</a>·<a href="/wiki/P%E5%8C%BA%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="P区元素">p</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E9%87%8F" title="原子量">標準原子質量</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">[209]</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E6%8E%92%E5%B8%83" title="电子排布">电子排布</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%99" title="氙">Xe</a>] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 6 <div style="border:0; margin:0 auto;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Electron_shell_084_Polonium_-_no_label.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="釙的电子層（2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 6）"><img alt="釙的电子層（2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 6）" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Electron_shell_084_Polonium_-_no_label.svg/153px-Electron_shell_084_Polonium_-_no_label.svg.png" decoding="async" width="153" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Electron_shell_084_Polonium_-_no_label.svg/230px-Electron_shell_084_Polonium_-_no_label.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Electron_shell_084_Polonium_-_no_label.svg/306px-Electron_shell_084_Polonium_-_no_label.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>釙的电子層（2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 6）</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="text-align:center; color:#000000;;">歷史</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E7%99%BC%E7%8F%BE%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="化學元素發現年表">發現</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%9F%83%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E7%A6%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="皮埃爾·居禮">皮埃爾·居禮</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E9%BA%97%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E7%A6%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="瑪麗·居禮">瑪麗·居禮</a>（1898年）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">分離</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">Willy Marckwald（1902年）</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="text-align:center; color:#000000;;">物理性質</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8_(%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8)" title="相 (物质)">物態</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E6%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="固態">固態</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="密度">密度</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">（接近<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A4%E6%BA%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="室溫">室温</a>） (alpha) 9.196 <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B" title="克">g</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%98%E7%B1%B3" title="厘米">cm</a>−3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">密度</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">（接近室温） (beta) 9.398 g·cm−3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E7%82%B9" title="熔点">熔点</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">527 <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="开尔文">K</a>，254 <a href="/wiki/%E6%91%84%E6%B0%8F%E6%B8%A9%E6%A0%87" title="摄氏温标">°C</a>，489 <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%8F%E6%B8%A9%E6%A0%87" title="华氏温标">°F</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B8%E9%BB%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="沸點">沸點</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1235 <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="开尔文">K</a>，962 <a href="/wiki/%E6%91%84%E6%B0%8F%E6%B8%A9%E6%A0%87" title="摄氏温标">°C</a>，1764 <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%8F%E6%B8%A9%E6%A0%87" title="华氏温标">°F</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E5%8C%96%E7%83%AD" title="熔化热">熔化热</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">ca. 13 <a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E8%80%B3%E6%AF%8F%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94" title="焦耳每摩尔">kJ·mol−1</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E5%8C%96%E7%83%AD" title="汽化热">汽化热</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">102.91 kJ·mol−1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E7%86%B1%E5%AE%B9" title="比熱容">比熱容</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">26.4 J·mol−1·K−1</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E6%B0%A3%E5%A3%93" title="蒸氣壓">蒸氣壓</a><div style="position:relative; margin:0 auto; padding:0; text-align:initial; width:-moz-fit-content;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:fit-content;"> <table class="wikitable nowrap" style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin:0;"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td>壓/Pa </td> <td>1 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>100 </td> <td>1 k </td> <td>10 k </td> <td>100 k </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>溫/K </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>  </td> <td>(846) </td> <td>1003 </td> <td>1236 </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="text-align:center; color:#000000;;">原子性質</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%80%81" title="氧化态">氧化态</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">6, 5<a href="#cite_note-Thayer_p78-1">[1]</a>, 4, 2, −2 (<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A9%E6%80%A7_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8)" title="兩性 (化學)">兩性</a>氧化物)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%B4%9F%E6%80%A7" title="电负性">电负性</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">2.0（鲍林标度）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A6%BB%E8%83%BD" title="电离能">电离能</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">第一：812.1 <a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E8%80%B3%E6%AF%8F%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94" title="焦耳每摩尔">kJ·mol−1</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%84" title="原子半径">原子半径</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">168 <a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E7%B1%B3" title="皮米">pm</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%BB%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%84" title="共价半径">共价半径</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">140±4 pm</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%83%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%84" title="范德华半径">范德华半径</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">197 pm</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Polonium_spectrum_visible.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Polonium_spectrum_visible.png/240px-Polonium_spectrum_visible.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Polonium_spectrum_visible.png/360px-Polonium_spectrum_visible.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Polonium_spectrum_visible.png/480px-Polonium_spectrum_visible.png 2x" data-file-width="7430" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>釙的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E8%B0%B1%E7%BA%BF" title="原子谱线">原子谱线</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="text-align:center; color:#000000;;">雜項</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="晶体结构">晶体结构</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B9%E6%99%B6%E7%B3%BB" title="立方晶系">立方</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81" title="磁">磁序</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">無磁性</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">電阻率</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">（0 °C）(α) 0.40 µ Ω·m</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B0%8E%E7%8E%87" title="熱導率">熱導率</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">? 20 W·m−1·K−1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">膨脹係數</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">（25 °C）23.5 µm·m−1·K−1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/CAS%E5%8F%B7" title="CAS号">CAS号</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=7440-08-6">7440-08-6</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="text-align:center; color:#000000;;">同位素<div style="float:right;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"（"counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:"，"}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:"；"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_polonium_isotopes" title="Template:Infobox polonium isotopes"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Infobox_polonium_isotopes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Infobox polonium isotopes（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Infobox_polonium_isotopes" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Infobox polonium isotopes"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%99%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="釙的同位素">釙的同位素</a> <div> <table class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:center;width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="同位素">同位素</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="丰度">丰度</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="半衰期">半衰期</a>（t1/2） </th> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7#衰变" title="放射性">衰變</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="衰變方式">方式</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98%E8%83%BD" title="衰变能">能量</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BC%8F%E7%89%B9" title="電子伏特">MeV</a>） </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98%E4%BA%A7%E7%89%A9" title="衰变产物">產物</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">208Po </th> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%80%A0%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="人造同位素">人造</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">2.898 <a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B4" title="年">年</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98" title="Α衰变">α</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">5.216 </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9B-204" class="mw-redirect" title="鉛-204">204Pb</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84" title="正电子发射">β+</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">0.379 </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%8D-208" class="mw-redirect" title="鉍-208">208Bi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">209Po </th> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">人造 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">124 <a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B4" title="年">年</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98" title="Α衰变">α</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">4.979 </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9B-205" class="mw-redirect" title="鉛-205">205Pb</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%91%E5%B0%84" title="正电子发射">β+</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">0.871 </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8B-209" title="铋-209">209Bi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8B-210" title="钋-210">210Po</a> </th> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%97%95%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="痕量同位素">痕量</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">138.376 <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5" title="日">天</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98" title="Α衰变">α</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">5.407 </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85-206" class="mw-redirect" title="铅-206">206Pb</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">211Po </th> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">痕量 </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">516 <a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%AB%E7%A7%92" class="mw-redirect" title="毫秒">毫秒</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98" title="Α衰变">α</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">7.595 </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9B-207" class="mw-redirect" title="鉛-207">207Pb</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">212Po </th> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">痕量 </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">0.2944 <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E7%A7%92" class="mw-redirect" title="微秒">微秒</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98" title="Α衰变">α</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">8.954 </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85-208" class="mw-redirect" title="铅-208">208Pb</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">214Po </th> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">痕量 </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">163.47 <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E7%A7%92" class="mw-redirect" title="微秒">微秒</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98" title="Α衰变">α</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">7.834 </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85-210" class="mw-redirect" title="铅-210">210Pb</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">215Po </th> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">痕量 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">1.781 <a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%AB%E7%A7%92" class="mw-redirect" title="毫秒">毫秒</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98" title="Α衰变">α</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">7.526 </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9B-211" class="mw-redirect" title="鉛-211">211Pb</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%CE%92%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98#β-衰变" title="Β衰变">β−</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">0.715 </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B9-215" class="mw-redirect" title="砹-215">215At</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">216Po </th> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">痕量 </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">144.0 <a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%AB%E7%A7%92" class="mw-redirect" title="毫秒">毫秒</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98" title="Α衰变">α</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">6.906 </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85-212" class="mw-redirect" title="铅-212">212Pb</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">218Po </th> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">痕量 </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">3.097 <a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E9%92%9F" title="分钟">分钟</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%CE%91%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98" title="Α衰变">α</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">6.115 </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9B-214" class="mw-redirect" title="鉛-214">214Pb</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%CE%92%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98#β-衰变" title="Β衰变">β−</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">0.257 </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B9-218" class="mw-redirect" title="砹-218">218At</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80905552">.mw-parser-output ruby.zy{text-align:justify;text-justify:none}.mw-parser-output ruby.zy>rp{user-select:none}.mw-parser-output ruby.zy>rt{font-feature-settings:"ruby"1;font-size:90%;user-select:none}.mw-parser-output ruby.zy>rt+rt{padding-left:0.15em}</style><ruby class="zy center"><rb>釙</rb><rp>（</rp><rt lang="zh-Latn-pinyin">pō</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby>（英語：Polonium），是一種<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="化學元素">化學元素</a>，其<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="化學符號">化學符號</a>为Po，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BA%8F%E6%95%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="原子序數">原子序數</a>为84。釙是一種稀有且具有高度<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7" title="放射性">放射性</a>的銀白色<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="金屬">金屬</a>（有時歸為<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%9E%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="類金屬">類金屬</a>）。在1898年由<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%BD%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="玛丽亚·居里">玛丽亚·居里</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E8%80%B6%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E7%A6%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="皮耶·居禮">皮埃尔·居里</a>所發現，並以玛丽亚·居里的故鄉<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="波蘭">波蘭</a>（Polska）命名。 釙的化學性質近似於同族的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%92" title="硒">硒</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B2" title="碲">碲</a>，然而，其<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="金屬性">金屬性</a>則和同週期的相鄰元素<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%88" class="mw-redirect" title="鉈">鉈</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="鉛">鉛</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="鉍">鉍</a>較為相似。釙沒有<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%B3%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="稳定同位素">穩定</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="同位素">同位素</a>，其所有天然同位素的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="半衰期">半衰期</a>都很短，因此釙在自然界僅極為少量地以<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE-238" title="鈾-238">238U</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98%E4%BA%A7%E7%89%A9" title="衰变产物">衰變產物</a>──<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8B-210" title="钋-210">210Po</a>（半衰期為138天）的形式存在於鈾礦之中。儘管有半衰期略長於210Po的同位素存在，但這些同位素只能以人工合成的方式生成。在現今，釙主要是以<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E6%B4%BB%E5%8C%96" title="中子活化">中子照射</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="鉍">鉍</a>元素的方式，在<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%AB%E5%85%8B" title="毫克">毫克</a>等級的數量下，極少量地製造。由於其強烈放射性所導致的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E9%8D%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="化學鍵">化學鍵</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%90%E8%A7%A3" title="辐解">輻解</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98%E7%83%AD" title="衰变热">衰变热</a>，絕大多數有關釙化學的研究僅在極微量的尺度下進行。 釙有若干和其放射性有關的應用：包括作為<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B2%E9%9D%9C%E9%9B%BB%E8%A3%9D%E7%BD%AE" title="防靜電裝置">防靜電裝置</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">中子</a>源、<a href="/wiki/%CE%91%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Α粒子">α粒子</a>源、以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%92%E7%89%A9" title="毒物">毒物</a>。 <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="性质">性质</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%8B&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：性质">编辑</a>]</div> 210Po会<a href="/wiki/%CE%91%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98" title="Α衰变">α衰变</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="半衰期">半衰期</a>138.4天，<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98%E4%BA%A7%E7%89%A9" title="衰变产物">衰变产物</a>为稳定的<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85" title="铅">206Pb</a>。一毫克（5<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C_(%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D)" title="居里 (单位)">居里</a>）210Po每秒放出的α粒子相当于五克<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%AD" title="镭">226Ra</a>每秒放出的α粒子。<a href="#cite_note-anl-2">[2]</a>几<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C_(%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D)" title="居里 (单位)">居里</a>（1居里等于3.7×1010 <a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%85%8B%E5%8B%92%E5%B0%94" title="贝克勒尔">贝克勒尔</a>，1 Ci = 37 GBq）的210Po会<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B5%E7%A6%BB%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%94%E8%BE%89%E5%85%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="电离空气辉光（页面不存在）">电离周围的空气</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionized-air_glow" class="extiw" title="en:Ionized-air glow">Ionized-air glow</a>），产生蓝色辉光。 大约有十万分之一的α衰变会激发原子核，导致发射最大能量为803 keV的<a href="/wiki/%CE%93%E5%B0%84%E7%BA%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="Γ射线">γ射线</a>。<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="结构">结构</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%8B&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：结构">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alpha_po_lattice.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Alpha_po_lattice.jpg/220px-Alpha_po_lattice.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Alpha_po_lattice.jpg/330px-Alpha_po_lattice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Alpha_po_lattice.jpg/440px-Alpha_po_lattice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="781" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>固态钋的α相结构</figcaption></figure> 钋是有两种<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%B4%A0%E5%BC%82%E5%BD%A2%E4%BD%93" title="同素异形体">同素异形体</a>。α相的钋是唯一一种在<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%83%85%E5%86%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="标准情况">标准情况</a>下呈<a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%80%E5%8D%95%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="简单立方">简单立方</a>结构的元素，边长为335.2<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E7%B1%B3" title="皮米">皮米</a>；β相则呈<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B1%E9%9D%A2%E9%AB%94" title="菱面體">菱面体</a>结构。<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a>钋的结构已被<a href="/wiki/X%E5%85%89" class="mw-redirect" title="X光">X光</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84" title="衍射">衍射</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E8%A1%8D%E5%B0%84" title="电子衍射">电子衍射</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a>确认。 210Po有<a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%AE%E7%99%BC%E6%80%A7" title="揮發性">挥发性</a>。虽然钋的熔点为254 °C（489 °F），沸点更是高达962 °C（1,764 °F），但如果把钋加热到55 °C（131 °F），一半的钋就会在45小时内气化成<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90" title="双原子分子">双原子分子</a>Po2。<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-CRC-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-Thayer_p78-1">[1]</a>关于钋如何做到这一点存在多种假设，其中一种称小簇钋原子通过α衰变<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%A3%E8%A3%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="散裂（页面不存在）">散裂</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spallation" class="extiw" title="en:Spallation">Spallation</a>）。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="物理性质">物理性质</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%8B&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：物理性质">编辑</a>]</div> 钋在氧族元素中是典型的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="金属">金属</a>，和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%92" title="硒">硒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B2" title="碲">碲</a>一样，有挥发性。钋在449.85℃下的<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E6%B1%BD%E5%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="蒸汽压">蒸汽压</a>约为13<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1" title="帕斯卡">Pa</a>，易升华或蒸馏。<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a>钋的物理性质，尤其是高熔点、高沸点，和同周期的<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8A" title="铊">铊</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85" title="铅">铅</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8B" title="铋">铋</a>相似，而与上方的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B2" title="碲">碲</a>差别较大。这种横向的相似性不能延伸到化学性质上。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="化学性质">化学性质</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%8B&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：化学性质">编辑</a>]</div> 钋的化学性质类似<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B2" title="碲">碲</a>，但和邻居<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8B" title="铋">铋</a>也有一些相似之处。钋易溶于稀<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%B8" title="酸">酸</a>，微溶于<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1" title="碱">碱</a>。钋的<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B6%E6%B6%B2" title="溶液">溶液</a>首先因为Po2+离子而呈粉红色，但随后因为钋的α衰变使溶剂电离，并将Po2+氧化为Po4+而迅速变黄。由于钋在衰变后也会释放出α粒子，因此这个过程伴随着<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E5%AE%A4%E7%8E%BB%E7%92%83%E5%99%A8%E7%9A%BF" title="实验室玻璃器皿">实验室玻璃器皿</a>由于吸收了α粒子而产生气泡、热和光的发射。因此，钋溶液易挥发，除非密封，否则会在几天内蒸发。<a href="#cite_note-nbb-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a>pH值约为1时，钋离子很容易水解，被酸（例如<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%89%E9%85%B8" title="草酸">草酸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A0%E6%AA%AC%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="柠檬酸">柠檬酸</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%92%E7%9F%B3%E9%85%B8" title="酒石酸">酒石酸</a>）络合。<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a>钋不和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">硫</a>直接反应。<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="化合物">化合物</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%8B&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：化合物">编辑</a>]</div> 钋有超过50种化合物，<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a>其中最稳定的是<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8B%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="钋化物">钋化物</a>，可以由钋和金属直接反应而成。<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8B%E5%8C%96%E9%92%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="钋化钠">Na2Po</a>为反<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A4%E7%9F%B3" title="萤石">萤石</a>结构，<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8B%E5%8C%96%E9%92%99" title="钋化钙">钋化钙</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%8B%E5%8C%96%E9%92%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="钋化钡（页面不存在）">钋化钡</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%8B%E5%8C%96%E6%B1%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="钋化汞（页面不存在）">钋化汞</a>、钋化铅和镧系元素钋化物为NaCl结构；<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%8B%E5%8C%96%E9%93%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="钋化铍（页面不存在）">BePo</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%8B%E5%8C%96%E9%95%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="钋化镉（页面不存在）">CdPo</a>为<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A4%E7%BB%B4%E9%94%8C%E7%9F%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="纤维锌矿">纤维锌矿</a>结构；<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8B%E5%8C%96%E9%95%81" title="钋化镁">MgPo</a>则有<a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B7%E5%8C%96%E9%8E%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="砷化鎳">砷化镍</a>结构。大部分钋化物在600 °C分解，除了~300 °C下分解的HgPo和在1000 °C以上熔化的镧系元素钋化物。如1250 °C下熔化的PrPo和2200 °C下熔化的TmPo。<a href="#cite_note-g766-19">[19]</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8B%E5%8C%96%E9%93%85" title="钋化铅">PbPo</a>是非常罕见的天然钋化合物，由钋<a href="/wiki/%CE%91%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98" title="Α衰变">α衰变</a>成<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85" title="铅">铅</a>而成。<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> <a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8B%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%A2" title="钋化氢">钋化氢</a>（PoH 2）是一种室温下易分解的挥发性液体，热力学上不稳定。<a href="#cite_note-g766-19">[19]</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水">水</a>是另外一种在室温下为液体的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E6%B0%A2%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="氧族元素氢化物">氧族元素氢化物</a>，但那是由于氢键导致的。钋有三种氧化物<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%92%8B" title="一氧化钋">PoO</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%92%8B" title="二氧化钋">PoO2</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%92%8B" title="三氧化钋">PoO3</a>，由钋被氧化而成。<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> 钋能形成PoX2、PoX4和PoF6等<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A4%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="卤化物">卤化物</a>。它们可溶于对应的氢卤酸，如PoClx可溶于HCl、PoBrx可溶于HBr、而PoI4可溶于HI。<a href="#cite_note-figgins-22">[22]</a>二氯化钋可由PoCl4被SO2还原而成，而室温下PoBr4被H2S还原可以得到二溴化钋。四卤化物可由二氧化钋和对应的氢卤酸反应而成。<a href="#cite_note-g765-23">[23]</a> 其它钋化合物包括<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E9%92%8B%E9%85%B8%E9%92%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚钋酸钾（页面不存在）">亚钋酸钾</a>，各种<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E9%92%8B%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚钋酸盐（页面不存在）">亚钋酸盐</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%8B%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="钋酸盐（页面不存在）">钋酸盐</a>，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%99%E9%85%B8%E9%92%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="乙酸钋（页面不存在）">乙酸钋</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BA%B4%E9%85%B8%E9%92%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="溴酸钋（页面不存在）">溴酸钋</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A2%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%92%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="碳酸钋（页面不存在）">碳酸钋</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%A0%E6%AA%AC%E9%85%B8%E9%92%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="柠檬酸钋（页面不存在）">柠檬酸钋</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%93%AC%E9%85%B8%E9%92%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="铬酸钋（页面不存在）">铬酸钋</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B0%E5%8C%96%E9%92%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氰化钋（页面不存在）">氰化钋</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B2%E9%85%B8%E9%92%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="甲酸钋（页面不存在）">甲酸钋</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A2%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%92%8B(II)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氢氧化钋(II)（页面不存在）">钋(II)</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A2%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%92%8B(IV)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氢氧化钋(IV)（页面不存在）">钋(IV)</a>的氢氧化物、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E9%92%8B" title="四硝酸钋">四硝酸钋</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A1%92%E9%85%B8%E9%92%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="硒酸钋（页面不存在）">硒酸钋</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E7%A1%92%E9%85%B8%E9%92%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚硒酸钋（页面不存在）">亚硒酸钋</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%80%E7%A1%AB%E5%8C%96%E9%92%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="一硫化钋（页面不存在）">一硫化钋</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A1%AB%E9%85%B8%E9%92%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="硫酸钋（页面不存在）">硫酸钋</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%84%A6%E7%A1%AB%E9%85%B8%E9%92%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="焦硫酸钋（页面不存在）">焦硫酸钋</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E7%A1%AB%E9%85%B8%E9%92%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚硫酸钋（页面不存在）">亚硫酸钋</a>。<a href="#cite_note-figgins-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> 一些<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%BA%E9%92%8B%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="有机钋化合物（页面不存在）">有机钋化合物</a>是已知的，大多为钋醚（R2Po），卤化三芳基钋（Ar3PoX）和二卤化而芳基钋（Ar2PoX2）。<a href="#cite_note-Z-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-M-26">[26]</a>钋还与某些<a href="/wiki/%E8%9E%AF%E5%90%88%E5%89%82" class="mw-redirect" title="螯合剂">螯合剂</a>，例如<a href="/wiki/2,3-%E4%B8%81%E4%BA%8C%E9%86%87" title="2,3-丁二醇">2,3-丁二醇</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E8%84%B2" title="硫脲">硫脲</a>形成可溶性化合物。<a href="#cite_note-Z-25">[25]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>钋化合物<a href="#cite_note-g765-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>化学式</th> <th>颜色</th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E7%82%B9" title="熔点">熔点</a>（°C）</th> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%87%E5%8D%8E%E7%82%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="升华点（页面不存在）">升华点</a>（°C）</th> <th>晶体结构</th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%B0%94%E9%80%8A%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="皮尔逊符号">皮尔逊符号</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4%E7%BE%A4" title="空间群">空间群</a></th> <th>No</th> <th>a（pm）</th> <th>b（pm）</th> <th>c（pm）</th> <th>Z</th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="密度">密度</a>（g/cm3）</th> <th>来源 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%92%8B" title="一氧化钋">PoO</a></td> <td>黑色</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%92%8B" title="二氧化钋">PoO2</a></td> <td>浅黄色</td> <td>500（分解）</td> <td>885</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E5%BF%83%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B9%E6%99%B6%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="面心立方晶系">面心立方晶系</a></td> <td>cF12</td> <td>Fm3m</td> <td>225</td> <td>563.7</td> <td>563.7</td> <td>563.7</td> <td>4</td> <td>8.94</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Bagnall-28">[28]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8B%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%A2" title="钋化氢">PoH2</a></td> <td></td> <td>-35.5</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%8B" title="二氯化钋">PoCl2</a></td> <td>深红宝石色</td> <td>355</td> <td>130</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E4%BA%A4%E6%99%B6%E7%B3%BB" title="正交晶系">正交晶系</a></td> <td>oP3</td> <td>Pmmm</td> <td>47</td> <td>367</td> <td>435</td> <td>450</td> <td>1</td> <td>6.47</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PoCl-29">[29]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%BA%B4%E5%8C%96%E9%92%8B" title="二溴化钋">PoBr2</a></td> <td>紫棕色</td> <td>270（分解）</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PoBr-30">[30]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%8B" title="四氯化钋">PoCl4</a></td> <td>黄色</td> <td>300</td> <td>200</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E6%96%9C%E6%99%B6%E7%B3%BB" title="单斜晶系">单斜晶系</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PoCl-29">[29]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%BA%B4%E5%8C%96%E9%92%8B" title="四溴化钋">PoBr4</a></td> <td>红色</td> <td>330（分解）</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E5%BF%83%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B9%E6%99%B6%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="面心立方晶系">面心立方晶系</a></td> <td>cF100</td> <td>Fm3m</td> <td>225</td> <td>560</td> <td>560</td> <td>560</td> <td>4</td> <td></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-PoBr-30">[30]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E7%A2%98%E5%8C%96%E9%92%8B" title="四碘化钋">PoI4</a></td> <td>黑色</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82553231">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output table.multicol>tr>td,.mw-parser-output table.multicol>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important;padding:0!important}}.mw-parser-output table.multicol{border:0;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;color:inherit;padding:0}.mw-parser-output table.multicol>tr>td,.mw-parser-output table.multicol>tbody>tr>td{vertical-align:top!important}</style> <div> <table class="multicol" role="presentation" style="width:100%;"><tbody><tr> <td> 氧化物 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%92%8B" title="一氧化钋">PoO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%92%8B" title="二氧化钋">PoO2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%92%8B" title="三氧化钋">PoO3</a></li></ul> </td> <td> 氢化物 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8B%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%A2" title="钋化氢">PoH2</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A4%E5%8C%96%E7%89%A9" title="卤化物">卤化物</a> <ul><li>PoX2（除了PoF2）</li> <li>PoX4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E6%B0%9F%E5%8C%96%E9%92%8B" title="六氟化钋">PoF6</a></li> <li>PoBr2Cl2（三文鱼色）</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="同位素">同位素</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%8B&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：同位素">编辑</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="钋的同位素">钋的同位素</a></div> 钋有42种同位素，<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E9%87%8F%E6%95%B8" title="質量數">質量數</a>在186到227之间，全部都有<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7" title="放射性">放射性</a>，其中有9種作為<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98%E4%BA%A7%E7%89%A9" title="衰变产物">衰变产物</a>存在於自然界中，當中以<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8B-210" title="钋-210">210Po</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="半衰期">半衰期</a>138.376天）壽命最長，且分布最為广泛，可通过天然<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8B" title="铋">铋</a>發生<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E6%8D%95%E7%8D%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="中子捕獲">中子捕获</a>而形成。半衰期更长的209Po（半衰期124年）<a href="#cite_note-NUBASE2020-32">[32]</a>和208Po（半衰期2.9年）不存在於自然界中，只能通过<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E6%97%8B%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E5%99%A8" title="回旋加速器">回旋加速器</a>，用<a href="/wiki/%CE%91%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Α粒子">α粒子</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="质子">质子</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%98" title="氘">氘</a>核轰击<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85" title="铅">铅</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8B" title="铋">铋</a>來製得。<a href="#cite_note-emsley-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史">历史</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%8B&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：历史">编辑</a>]</div> 钋是由<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%BD%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C" title="玛丽·居里">玛丽·居里</a>和皮埃尔·居里在1898年7月发现的，<a href="#cite_note-c1-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a>暂定名为<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%AD#历史" title="镭">镭F</a>，之后以瑪麗·居禮的故乡<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波兰</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>：Polonia）命名。<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a>当时的波兰在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="俄罗斯帝国">俄罗斯帝国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="德意志帝国">德意志帝国</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%8C%88%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="奥匈帝国">奥匈帝国</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%9C%E5%88%86%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="瓜分波兰">瓜分</a>之下，并没有作为一个独立的国家存在。瑪麗·居禮希望以她的故乡命名该元素，宣传它没有独立。<a href="#cite_note-Przemysl-38">[38]</a>钋可能是第一个被命名以突出政治争议的元素。<a href="#cite_note-Przemysl-38">[38]</a> 这种元素是居里夫妇在调查<a href="/wiki/%E7%80%9D%E9%9D%92%E9%88%BE%E7%A4%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="瀝青鈾礦">沥青铀矿</a>有<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7" title="放射性">放射性</a>的原因时发现的第一个元素。在去除放射性元素<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%80" class="mw-redirect" title="铀">铀</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8D" title="钍">钍</a>之后，沥青铀矿的放射性比铀和钍的总和还要高。这促使居里夫妇寻找更多的放射性元素。他们于1898年7月首次从沥青铀矿中分离出钋，五个月后，他们也分离出了<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%AD" title="镭">镭</a>。<a href="#cite_note-nbb-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-c1-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-c2-39">[39]</a>德国科学家<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BB%B4%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="维利·马克瓦尔德（页面不存在）">维利·马克瓦尔德</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Marckwald" class="extiw" title="en:Willy Marckwald">Willy Marckwald</a>）于1902年成功分离出3毫克钋，尽管当时他认为这是一种新元素，称之为“放射性碲”。“放射性碲”直到1905年才被证明是钋。<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> 在美国，钋是在<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" title="第二次世界大战">第二次世界大战</a>期间作为<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%93%88%E9%A1%BF%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="曼哈顿计划">曼哈顿计划</a>的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BB%A3%E9%A1%BF%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="代顿计划（页面不存在）">代顿计划</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayton_Project" class="extiw" title="en:Dayton Project">Dayton Project</a>）的一部分生产的。钋和<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8D" title="铍">铍</a>是核弹球形<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B9%E8%8A%AF" title="弹芯">弹芯</a>中心的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B0%83%E5%88%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E5%BC%95%E7%88%86%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="调制中子引爆器（页面不存在）">调制中子引爆器</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulated_neutron_initiator" class="extiw" title="en:Modulated neutron initiator">Modulated neutron initiator</a>）的关键成分。<a href="#cite_note-nwfaq41-42">[42]</a>调制中子引爆器在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9E%AC%E5%8F%91%E4%B8%B4%E7%95%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瞬发临界（页面不存在）">瞬发临界</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prompt_criticality" class="extiw" title="en:Prompt criticality">Prompt criticality</a>）状态时启动了<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BE%E5%BC%8F%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" class="mw-redirect" title="链式反应">链式反应</a>，以确保武器不会<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%87%E6%97%A9%E4%B8%B4%E7%95%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="过早临界（页面不存在）">过早临界</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizzle_(nuclear_explosion)" class="extiw" title="en:Fizzle (nuclear explosion)">Fizzle_(nuclear_explosion)</a>）。调制中子引爆器用于早期的美国武器，随后的美国武器出于同样的目的使用了脉冲中子产生器。<a href="#cite_note-nwfaq41-42">[42]</a> 直到战后，钋的大部分基本物理学性质都是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%9C%BA%E5%AF%86" title="国家机密">国家机密</a>。它被用作引发剂这一事实直到1960年代才被解密。<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E8%83%BD%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="美国原子能委员会">美国原子能委员会</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%93%88%E9%A1%BF%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="曼哈顿计划">曼哈顿计划</a>资助了在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%88%87%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="罗切斯特大学">罗切斯特大学</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9D%9E%E9%81%93%E5%BE%B7%E4%BA%BA%E9%AB%94%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97" title="美國非道德人體實驗">人体实验</a>。他们在1943年至1947年间对五个人的身上使用钋。这些人们被管理在9和22<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C_(%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D)" title="居里 (单位)">微居里</a>（330和810<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%8F%AF%E5%8B%92%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="贝可勒尔">千貝克</a>）的钋里，以研究其<a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%92%E6%B3%84" class="mw-redirect" title="排泄">排泄</a>。<a href="#cite_note-congress1986-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-nes1950-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="存在和制备">存在和制备</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%8B&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：存在和制备">编辑</a>]</div> 钋因为所有天然同位素的壽命都很短，所以在自然界中非常稀有。钋有9种同位素以<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98%E4%BA%A7%E7%89%A9" title="衰变产物">衰变产物</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%AE%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="地殼">地殼</a>中<a href="/wiki/%E7%97%95%E9%87%8F%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="痕量同位素">痕量</a>存在，分别是存在于<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%80%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98%E9%93%BE" title="铀衰变链">铀衰变链</a>的210Po、214Po、218Po，存在于<a href="/wiki/%E9%94%95%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98%E9%93%BE" title="锕衰变链">錒衰變鏈</a>的211Po、215Po，存在于<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8D%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98%E9%93%BE" title="钍衰变链">钍衰变链</a>的212Po、216Po，以及存在于<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8E%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98%E9%93%BE" title="镎衰变链">镎衰变链</a>的213Po、217Po。其中，只有210Po的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="半衰期">半衰期</a>超过5分钟。<a href="#cite_note-po484-47">[47]</a> 钋可以在<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%80" class="mw-redirect" title="铀">铀</a>矿石中找到，每<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%90%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="公吨">公吨</a>铀矿中大约有0.1毫克钋（1010分之一），<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a>約為<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%AD" title="镭">镭</a>含量的0.2%。地壳中的钋含量无害。钋存在于使用<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90" class="mw-redirect" title="磷酸盐">磷酸盐</a>肥料种植的烟叶的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%83%9F%E8%8D%89%E7%83%9F%E9%9B%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="烟草烟雾（页面不存在）">烟草烟雾</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco_smoke" class="extiw" title="en:Tobacco smoke">Tobacco smoke</a>）中。<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-Muggli08-52">[52]</a> 由于钋的浓度很低，所以从天然来源中分离钋並不實際。在20世纪上半叶进行的有史以来最大的钋元素提取仅得到40 Ci（1.5 TBq）（9毫克）<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8B-210" title="钋-210">钋-210</a>，它们是通过加工37吨镭生产的残余物而获得的。<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a>现在通常通过用高能中子或质子照射铋来获得钋。<a href="#cite_note-nbb-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-g249-54">[54]</a> 1934年，一项实验显示天然的<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8B-209" title="铋-209">209Bi</a>被<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">中子</a>轰击会产生210Bi，然后β衰变成210Po。最终的纯化通过高温化学完成，然后是液-液萃取技术。<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a>钋现在可以在这个过程中以毫克量级制造，该过程使用了<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94%E5%A0%86" title="核反应堆">核反应堆</a>中的高中子通量。<a href="#cite_note-g249-54">[54]</a>每年仅生产约100克的钋，几乎全部都在俄罗斯生产，使得钋极为稀有。<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> 该过程可能会导致基于<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9B%E9%89%8D%E5%90%88%E9%87%91" title="鉛鉍合金">鉛鉍合金</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%B2%E6%85%8B%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E5%86%B7%E5%8D%BB%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%E5%A0%86" title="液態金屬冷卻反應堆">液态金属冷却反应堆</a>（如<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E6%B5%B7%E5%86%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="苏联海军">苏联海军</a>的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94%E6%BD%9C%E8%89%87K-27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苏联潜艇K-27（页面不存在）">苏联潜艇K-27</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_submarine_K-27" class="extiw" title="en:Soviet submarine K-27">Soviet submarine K-27</a>））的问题。人们必须在这些反应堆中采取措施来处理从冷却剂中释放出来的210Po，以避免不希望出现的可能性。<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> 较长寿的钋同位素208Po和209Po可以由<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%A8%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="质子">质子</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%98%E6%A0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="氘核">氘核</a>通过<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E6%97%8B%E5%8A%A0%E9%80%9F%E5%99%A8" title="回旋加速器">回旋加速器</a>轰击到铋上而成。其它中子更少，更不稳定的同位素可以由铂被<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">碳</a>核轰击而成。<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="应用">应用</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%8B&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：应用">编辑</a>]</div> 作为α粒子的来源的钋是在前<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏联</a>生产的。<a href="#cite_note-rus1-61">[61]</a>此类来源用于通过衰减的α辐射测量工业涂层的厚度。<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> 由于强烈的α辐射，一克210Po样品会自发加热到500 °C（932 °F）以上，产生大约140瓦的功率。因此，210Po用作原子热源，通过<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E7%94%B5%E6%95%88%E5%BA%94" class="mw-redirect" title="热电效应">热电效应</a>材料为<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0%E7%83%AD%E7%94%B5%E6%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="放射性同位素热电机">放射性同位素热电机</a>提供动力。<a href="#cite_note-anl-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-nbb-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-g251-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a>举个例子，210Po 热源用于<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E9%9D%A2%E6%AD%A5%E8%A1%8C%E8%80%85" title="月面步行者">月面步行者</a>1号（1970）和月面步行者2号（1973）这两个<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E7%90%83" title="月球">月球</a>漫游车，以在月球夜晚保持其内部组件温暖。它也用于<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E5%8F%B7%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8_(1%E2%80%93250)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宇宙号卫星列表 (1–250)（页面不存在）">宇宙号84</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Kosmos_satellites_(1%E2%80%93250)" class="extiw" title="en:List of Kosmos satellites (1–250)">List of Kosmos satellites (1–250)</a>）和其它90颗人造卫星（1965）。<a href="#cite_note-rus1-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> 使用氧化铍可以将钋发射的α粒子转化为中子，转化率为每一百万个α粒子变成93个中子。<a href="#cite_note-g251-63">[63]</a>因此，Po-BeO 混合物或<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E9%87%91" title="合金">合金</a>可用作<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90%E6%BA%90" title="中子源">中子源</a>，例如，用于<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8" title="核武器">核武器</a>的调制中子引爆器中<a href="#cite_note-nbb-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a>，也用于油井的检查。苏联每年使用大约1500个这类中子源，其中单个中子源的活动为 1,850 Ci（68 TBq）。<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> 钋也是刷子或更复杂的工具的一部分，用于在涂装之前消除照相板、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BA%E7%BB%87" class="mw-redirect" title="纺织">纺织</a>工厂、纸卷、塑料片和基材（如汽车）上的静电。<a href="#cite_note-BoiceCohen2014-68">[68]</a>钋发射的阿尔法粒子电离空气分子，从而中和附近表面的电荷。<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a>一些防静电刷包含多达500微居里（20百萬貝克）的210Po来作为带电粒子的来源，用于中和静电。<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a>在美国，每单位不超过500 µCi（19 MBq）的（密封）210Po的设备可以根据“通用许可证”以任意数量购买，<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a>这意味着买家不需要由任何机构注册。钋的半衰期很短，几乎每年都需要在这些设备中更换；它也具有高放射性，因此大部分已被不太危险的<a href="/wiki/%CE%92%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="Β粒子">β粒子</a>源所取代。<a href="#cite_note-anl-2">[2]</a> 实验室和教学中有时会使用少量的210Po——它们通常的数量级为4—40 kBq（0.11—1.08 µCi）。钋以密封源的形式沉积在基材上或树脂或聚合物基质中——通常無需NRC或类似机构的许可，因为它们不被认为是危险的。少量的210Po在美国会作为实验室实验的“针源”出售给公众，并由科学供应公司进行零售。钋有一层镀层，镀层又镀上一层金等材料，它允许<a href="/wiki/%CE%91%E8%BC%BB%E5%B0%84" class="mw-redirect" title="Α輻射">α辐射</a>（用于云室等实验）通过，同时防止有毒的钋泄露。根据<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%8D%E5%8B%83%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E6%89%8E%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="鲍勃·拉扎尔">鲍勃·拉扎尔</a>，他们通常每年销售四到八个这样的钋源。<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生物作用和毒性">生物作用和毒性</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%8B&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：生物作用和毒性">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="概述">概述</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%8B&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：概述">编辑</a>]</div> 钋可能有害，且没有生物学作用。<a href="#cite_note-nbb-14">[14]</a>钋没有有毒的化学性质<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a>，其毒性主要源自其高度的<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7" title="放射性">放射性</a>。依质量计，钋-210的毒性是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E6%B0%B0%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="氢氰酸">氢氰酸</a>的25万倍（相较于氢氰酸<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a>的250<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%AB%E5%85%8B" title="毫克">毫克</a>，210Po对成年人（见下）的LD50低于1<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E5%85%8B" title="微克">微克</a>）。钋的主要危害是其强烈的放射性（作为α粒子发射体），这使其难以安全处理。就算是<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E5%85%8B" title="微克">微克</a>量级，处理210Po 也非常危险，需要专门的设备（配备高性能过滤器的负压的α<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E5%A5%97%E7%AE%B1" title="手套箱">手套箱</a>）、充分的监控和严格的处理程序，以避免任何污染。钋释放的 α 粒子在摄入、吸入或吸收时很容易损伤有机组织，尽管它们不会穿透<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%A8%E7%9A%AE" title="表皮">表皮</a>，因此只要钋在体外，就不会对身体造成危害。佩戴耐化学腐蚀且完好无损的手套是避免钋直接通过<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E8%82%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="皮肤">皮肤</a>经皮<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%A9%E6%95%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="扩散">扩散</a>的强制性预防措施。以浓<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8" title="硝酸">硝酸</a>形式输送的钋很容易通过不合适的手套（例如<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E8%83%B6%E6%89%8B%E5%A5%97" class="mw-redirect" title="乳胶手套">乳胶手套</a>）扩散，否则酸可能会损坏手套。<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> 据报道，一些<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="微生物">微生物</a>可以通过<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E9%92%B4%E8%83%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="甲钴胺">甲钴胺</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA%E5%8C%96" title="甲基化">甲基化</a>钋。<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a>这类似于<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9E" title="汞">汞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%92" title="硒">硒</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B2" title="碲">碲</a>在生物中被甲基化以产生<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E5%8C%96%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="有機金屬化合物">有机金属化合物</a>的方式。对大鼠体内钋- 210代谢的研究表明，摄入的钋-210 只有0.002%至0.009%以挥发性的钋-210的形式排出体外。<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="急性影响">急性影响</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%8B&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：急性影响">编辑</a>]</div> 急性辐射暴露的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E6%95%B8%E8%87%B4%E6%AD%BB%E9%87%8F" title="半數致死量">半数致死量</a>（LD50）约为 4.5 <a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BC%97" title="西弗">Sv</a>。<a href="#cite_note-pnl-81">[81]</a>通过摄入的210Po的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%85%E7%A7%AF%E6%9C%89%E6%95%88%E5%89%82%E9%87%8F%E5%BD%93%E9%87%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="待积有效剂量当量（页面不存在）">待积有效剂量当量</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/committed_effective_dose_equivalent_(CEDE)" class="extiw" title="en:committed effective dose equivalent (CEDE)">committed effective dose equivalent (CEDE)</a>）为0.51 µSv/<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%85%8B%E5%8B%92%E5%B0%94" title="贝克勒尔">Bq</a>，吸入则为2.5 µSv/Bq。<a href="#cite_note-nsds-82">[82]</a>摄入8.8 MBq（240 µCi），或约50 <a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E5%85%8B" title="奈克">纳克</a>（ng）的钋；或是吸入1.8 MBq（49 µCi）或约 10 ng的钋可导致致死量 4.5 Sv。一克210Po理论上可以使2000万人中毒，其中1000万人死去。210Po的实际毒性低于这些估计值，因为辐射暴露分布在数周内（钋在人体中的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="生物半衰期">生物半衰期</a>为30至50天）<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a>比瞬时剂量的破坏性要小一些。据估计，210Po的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E6%95%B8%E8%87%B4%E6%AD%BB%E9%87%8F" title="半數致死量">半数致死量</a>为15百萬貝克（0.41毫居里），即0.089微克，致死量仍然极低。<a href="#cite_note-nuclearweaponsarchive-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a>作为比较，一粒<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E7%9B%90" title="食盐">食盐</a>的重量为60微克。<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="长期影响">长期影响</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%8B&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：长期影响">编辑</a>]</div> 除了急性影响之外，辐射暴露（内部和外部）会带来每西弗5-10%的长期癌症死亡风险。<a href="#cite_note-pnl-81">[81]</a>普通人群在室内空气中以<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A1" title="氡">氡</a>子体的形式暴露于少量的钋，同位素214Po和218Po被认为是造成美国每年估计15,000-22,000例肺癌死亡的主要原因，<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a>这些死亡归因于室内的氡。<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B8%E7%83%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="吸烟">吸烟</a>也会导致额外的钋暴露。<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="监管暴露限制和处理">监管暴露限制和处理</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%8B&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：监管暴露限制和处理">编辑</a>]</div> 摄入的210Po的最大允许身体负担仅为1.1 kBq（30 nCi），这相当于一个仅重6.8皮克的钋粒。空气中210Po的最大允许工作场所浓度约为10 Bq/m3（6990300000000000000♠3×10−10 µCi/cm3）。<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a>钋会集中在<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%BE%E8%84%8F" title="脾脏">脾脏</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E8%84%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="肝脏">肝脏</a>。<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a>由于脾脏（150克）和肝脏（1.3至3公斤）比身体其他部位小得多，如果钋集中在这些重要器官中，对生命的威胁比均匀地分布在整个身体中还高，这与<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AF" title="铯">铯</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9A" title="氚">氚</a>相同。 210Po广泛用于工业，并且易于获得，几乎没有监管或限制。<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a>在美国，2007年实施了由核管理委员会运行的跟踪系统，以登记购买超过16居里（590吉貝克）的钋-210（5000倍致命剂量）。国际原子能机构据说正在考虑更严格的规定，有传言说可能会将钋报告要求收紧10倍，变成1.6居里（59吉貝克）。<a href="#cite_note-Zimmerman-93">[93]</a> 钋及其化合物必须在<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E5%A5%97%E7%AE%B1" title="手套箱">手套箱</a>中进行处理，该箱被进一步封闭在另一个箱中，保持比手套箱略高的压力，以防止放射性物质泄漏。由天然<a href="/wiki/%E6%A9%A1%E8%83%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="橡胶">橡胶</a>制成的手套不能提供足够的防辐射保护，手术手套是必要的。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E4%B8%81%E6%A9%A1%E8%83%B6" title="氯丁橡胶">氯丁橡胶</a>手套比天然橡胶可以更好地屏蔽辐射。<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中毒案例">中毒案例</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%8B&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：中毒案例">编辑</a>]</div> 尽管该元素高度危险，但发生钋中毒的情况很少见。它在自然界中极度稀有、所有同位素的半衰期都很短、获得大量同位素所需的专业设施和设备以及针对实验室事故的安全预防措施都使有害暴露事件不太可能发生。因此，只有少数具体归因于钋暴露的辐射中毒案例得到证实。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="20世纪">20世纪</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%8B&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：20世纪">编辑</a>]</div> 为了回应对职业性钋暴露风险的担忧，1944年至1947年间罗切斯特大学的五名人类志愿者接受了210Po，以研究其生物学行为。这些研究由<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%93%88%E9%A1%BF%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="曼哈顿计划">曼哈顿计划</a>和AEC资助。研究有四男一女参加，都患有晚期癌症，年龄在三十出头到四十出头之间。之所以选择这些人，是因为实验者想要没有因工作或意外而接触过钋的受试者。<a href="#cite_note-Rochester-95">[95]</a>210Po注射到4名住院患者中，并口服给予第5名患者。钋的给药剂量（均在 0.17-0.30 μ<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C_(%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D)" title="居里 (单位)">Ci</a> kg-1的范围内）均未达到致死量。<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rochester-95">[95]</a> 1954年7月10日，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏联</a>首次记录到直接由钋中毒导致的死亡。<a href="#cite_note-Gasteva-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a>一名身份不明的41岁男子于6月29日就医，呕吐和发烧严重；在前一天，他在一个区域工作了五个小时，当时他并不知道一个装有210Po的胶囊已经减压并开始以气溶胶的形式分散。在此期间，他摄入的空气中的210Po的总量估计约为0.11 GBq（几乎是半数致死量4.5 MBq的25倍）。尽管接受了治疗，但他的病情继续恶化，并在暴露事件后13天死亡。<a href="#cite_note-Gasteva-97">[97]</a> 有人认为，<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E9%9B%B7%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E7%BA%A6%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5-%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C" title="伊雷娜·约里奥-居里">伊雷娜·约里奥-居里</a>1956年死于白血病是由于钋的辐射导致的。1946年，当她的实验室工作台上的密封胶囊爆炸时，她意外暴露在外。<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> 同样的，在1957年至1969年期间，以色列发生的几起死亡事件据称是由210Po暴露引起的。<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a>1957年，<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E8%8C%A8%E6%9B%BC%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80" class="mw-redirect" title="魏茨曼研究所">魏茨曼研究所</a>的实验室发现泄漏。人们在研究放射性材料的物理学家Dror Sadeh教授的手上发现了210Po的痕迹。医学测试表明没有伤害，但这些测试不包括骨髓测试。在接下来的几年里，他的一名学生Sadeh和两名同事死于各种<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%8C%E7%97%87" title="癌症">癌症</a>。这个问题被秘密调查，但从未正式承认泄漏与死亡之间存在联系。<a href="#cite_note-LA_Times_2007-01-01-101">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="21世纪">21世纪</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%8B&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：21世纪">编辑</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84833064"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">更多信息：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E6%9D%B0%E6%B4%9B%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%88%A9%E7%89%B9%E7%BB%B4%E5%B9%B4%E7%A7%91%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%AD%E6%AF%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚历山大·瓦尔杰洛维奇·利特维年科的中毒（页面不存在）">亚历山大·瓦尔杰洛维奇·利特维年科的中毒</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisoning_of_Alexander_Litvinenko" class="extiw" title="en:Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko">Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko</a>）和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%B3%95%E7%89%B9%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%BB%E5%9B%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚西尔·阿拉法特的死因（页面不存在）">亚西尔·阿拉法特的死因</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cause_of_Yasser_Arafat%27s_death" class="extiw" title="en:Cause of Yasser Arafat's death">Cause of Yasser Arafat's death</a>）</div> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E6%9D%B0%E6%B4%9B%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%88%A9%E7%89%B9%E7%BB%B4%E5%B9%B4%E7%A7%91" class="mw-redirect" title="亚历山大·瓦尔杰洛维奇·利特维年科">亚历山大·瓦尔杰洛维奇·利特维年科</a>是2001年叛逃到<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a>的前俄罗斯<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%B1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="聯邦安全局">联邦安全局</a>特工，在<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E6%9D%B0%E6%B4%9B%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%88%A9%E7%89%B9%E7%BB%B4%E5%B9%B4%E7%A7%91%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%AD%E6%AF%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚历山大·瓦尔杰洛维奇·利特维年科的中毒（页面不存在）">2006年死亡</a>的原因被确定为致死剂量的210Po导致的中毒，<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc-103">[103]</a>随后确定这些210Po可能是由两名俄罗斯前安全人员<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E7%83%88%C2%B7%E7%9B%A7%E6%88%88%E6%B2%83%E4%BC%8A" title="安德烈·盧戈沃伊">安德烈·卢戈沃伊</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dmitry_Kovtun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dmitry Kovtun（页面不存在）">Dmitry Kovtun</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitry_Kovtun" class="extiw" title="en:Dmitry Kovtun">Dmitry Kovtun</a>）故意下毒的。<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a>因此，利特维年科的死是第一个（也是迄今为止唯一一个）钋的极端毒性被恶意使用的实例。<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-PoAlJazeera-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> 2011 年，一项指控浮出水面，即<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="巴勒斯坦国">巴勒斯坦国</a>领导人<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%B3%95%E7%89%B9" title="亚西尔·阿拉法特">亚西尔·阿拉法特</a>于2004年11月11日因不明原因死亡，也是蓄意钋中毒所致，<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a>2012年7月，<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a>洛桑放射物理研究所在阿拉法特的衣服和个人物品中检测到异常高浓度的210Po。<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-BartReuters-112">[112]</a>然而，该研究所的发言人强调，尽管进行了这些测试，阿拉法特的医疗报告与210Po中毒不一致，<a href="#cite_note-BartReuters-112">[112]</a>而科学记者<a href="/w/index.php?title=Deborah_Blum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deborah Blum（页面不存在）">Deborah Blum</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deborah_Blum" class="extiw" title="en:Deborah Blum">Deborah Blum</a>）认为烟草烟雾的影响可能更重要，因为阿拉法特和他的许多同事都是重度吸烟者。<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a>法国和俄罗斯团队随后的测试确定，210Po 水平升高不是故意下毒的结果，也没有导致阿拉法特死亡。<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="治疗">治疗</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%8B&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：治疗">编辑</a>]</div> 有人提出使用<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%9E%AF%E5%90%88%E7%96%97%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="螯合疗法（页面不存在）">螯合剂</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelation_therapy" class="extiw" title="en:Chelation therapy">Chelation therapy</a>），如<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%B7%AF%E5%9F%BA%E4%B8%99%E9%86%87" title="二巯基丙醇">二巯基丙醇</a>可以净化人体。<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a>在一项实验中，大鼠得到致死量1.45 MBq/kg （8.7 ng/kg）的210Po，所有未治疗的大鼠都在44天内死去，但用螯合剂HOETTTC治疗后，有90%的大鼠存活了5个月。<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="生物标本中的检测">生物标本中的检测</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%8B&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：生物标本中的检测">编辑</a>]</div> 钋-210可以通过α粒子光谱法在生物样本中进行量化，以确认住院患者的中毒诊断或在法医学死亡调查中提供证据。由于背景辐射，健康人尿的钋-210排泄量通常在 5-15 mBq/天的范围内。超过 30 mBq/天的钋水平表明过度暴露于放射性核素。<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="在人类和生物圈中的存在">在人类和生物圈中的存在</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%8B&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：在人类和生物圈中的存在">编辑</a>]</div> 因为它位于<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%80%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98%E9%93%BE" title="铀衰变链">铀衰变链</a>，钋-210广泛存在于<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%88" title="生物圈">生物圈</a>，包括人体组织中。<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%A3%B3" title="地壳">地壳</a>中的天然<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE-238" title="鈾-238">铀-238</a>通过一系列固体放射性中间体衰变，包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%AD-226" class="mw-redirect" title="镭-226">镭-226</a>至放射性惰性气体<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A1-222" title="氡-222">氡-222</a>，其中一些氡在其3.8天的半衰期里会扩散到大气中。在那里，它通过几个步骤衰变成钋-210，其中大部分在其138天的半衰期被冲回地球表面，从而进入生物圈，最终衰变为稳定的<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85-206" class="mw-redirect" title="铅-206">铅-206</a>。<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> 早在 1920 年代，法国生物学家<a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine_Lacassagne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine Lacassagne（页面不存在）">Antoine Lacassagne</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Lacassagne" class="extiw" title="fr:Antoine Lacassagne">Antoine Lacassagne</a>） 使用他的同事瑪麗·居禮提供的钋，表明该元素在兔子组织中具有特定的吸收模式，特别是在<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%9D%E8%84%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="肝脏">肝脏</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BE%E8%84%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="肾脏">肾脏</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%9D%BE%E4%B8%B8" title="睾丸">睾丸</a>这些地方的钋浓度很高。<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a>最近的证据表明，这种行为是由于钋取代了含硫氨基酸或相关分子中的氧族元素同类硫所致，<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a>并且在人体组织中有类似的分布模式。<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a>钋确实是一种天然存在于所有人类中的元素，对自然背景辐射的剂量有显着影响，具有广泛的地理和文化差异，例如在北极居民中的钋含量尤其的高。<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="烟草">烟草</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%8B&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：烟草">编辑</a>]</div> 烟草中的<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8B-210" title="钋-210">钋-210</a>导致了全世界许多的<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BA%E7%99%8C" title="肺癌">肺癌</a>病例。大多数的钋来自大气中沉积在烟叶上的<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85-210" class="mw-redirect" title="铅-210">铅-210</a>，铅-210是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A1-222" title="氡-222">氡-222</a>气体的衰变产物，其中大部分似乎源自施用于烟草土壤的肥料中的<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%AD-226" class="mw-redirect" title="镭-226">镭-226</a>衰变。<a href="#cite_note-Muggli08-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-Martell1974-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-Martell1975-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> 自1960年代初以来，人们就知道烟草烟雾中存在钋。<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a>世界上一些最大的烟草公司在40年的时间里研究了去除这种物质的方法——但无济于事。研究结果从未发表。<a href="#cite_note-Muggli08-52">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="食物">食物</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%8B&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：食物">编辑</a>]</div> 钋存在于食物链中，尤其是在海鲜中。<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻">參考文獻</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%8B&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：參考文獻">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Thayer_p78-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thayer_p78_1-0">1.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thayer_p78_1-1">1.1</a> <cite class="citation journal">Thayer, John S. 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A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathnet.ru/links/d4bd811f2ded6e2b1d67f43a93e2910e/dan23789.pdf">Production of organopolonium compounds by using chemical alterations taking place during the β-decay of RaE</a> (PDF). Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR. 1960, 133 (1): 123–125 [2020-04-12] （俄语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%92%8B&rft.atitle=Production+of+organopolonium+compounds+by+using+chemical+alterations+taking+place+during+the+%CE%B2-decay+of+RaE&rft.au=Grachev%2C+S.+A.&rft.au=Nefedov%2C+V.+D.&rft.au=Zaitsev%2C+V.+M.&rft.aufirst=A.+N.&rft.aulast=Murin&rft.date=1960&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Dokl.+Akad.+Nauk+SSSR&rft.pages=123-125&rft.volume=133&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mathnet.ru%2Flinks%2Fd4bd811f2ded6e2b1d67f43a93e2910e%2Fdan23789.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> Wiberg, Egon; Holleman, A. F. and Wiberg, Nils <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Mtth5g59dEIC&pg=PA594">Inorganic Chemistry</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220624093207/https://books.google.com/books?id=Mtth5g59dEIC&pg=PA594">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, Academic Press, 2001, p. 594, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61200749">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-12-352651-5" title="Special:网络书源/0-12-352651-5">0-12-352651-5</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Bagnall-28"><a href="#cite_ref-Bagnall_28-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Bagnall, K. 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Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed). 1956: 3385. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1039%2FJR9560003385">doi:10.1039/JR9560003385</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%92%8B&rft.atitle=657.+The+polonium+halides.+Part+III.+Polonium+tetraiodide&rft.au=Freeman%2C+J.+H.&rft.au=d%27Eye%2C+R.+W.+M.&rft.aufirst=K.+W.&rft.aulast=Bagnall&rft.date=1956&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Chemical+Society+%28Resumed%29&rft.pages=3385&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1039%2FJR9560003385&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-NUBASE2020-32"><a href="#cite_ref-NUBASE2020_32-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www-nds.iaea.org/amdc/ame2020/NUBASE2020.pdf">The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties</a> (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 2021, 45 (3): 030001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1674-1137%2Fabddae">doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%92%8B&rft.atitle=The+NUBASE2020+evaluation+of+nuclear+properties&rft.au=Audi%2C+G.&rft.au=Huang%2C+W.+J.&rft.au=Naimi%2C+S.&rft.au=Wang%2C+M.&rft.aufirst=F.+G.&rft.aulast=Kondev&rft.date=2021&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Chinese+Physics+C&rft.pages=030001&rft.volume=45&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww-nds.iaea.org%2Famdc%2Fame2020%2FNUBASE2020.pdf&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F1674-1137%2Fabddae&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-emsley-33"><a href="#cite_ref-emsley_33-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Emsley, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/naturesbuildingb0000emsl_b1k4">Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements</a> New. 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[2016-06-01]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://npc.sarov.ru/issues/sarovbook/section3p11.html">原始内容</a>存档于2007-05-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%92%8B&rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnpc.sarov.ru%2Fissues%2Fsarovbook%2Fsection3p11.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  (in Russian). npc.sarov.ru </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <a href="#Bagnall">Bagnall</a>, p. 225 </li> <li id="cite_note-g251-63">^ <a href="#cite_ref-g251_63-0">63.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-g251_63-1">63.1</a> <a href="#Greenwood">Greenwood</a>, p. 251 </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Hanslmeier, Arnold. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220622210156/https://books.google.com/books?id=07TEK_w3A4AC&pg=PA183">The sun and space weather</a>. 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IzdAT. 2001: 99–107. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/5-86656-114-X" title="Special:网络书源/5-86656-114-X">ISBN 5-86656-114-X</a> （俄语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%92%8B&rft.atitle=Ostraja+lu%C4%8Devaja+bolezn%CA%B9+ot+postuplenija+v+organizm+polonija&rft.aufirst=G.+N.&rft.aulast=Gasteva&rft.btitle=Radiacionnaja+medicina%3A+rukovodstvo+dlja+vra%C4%8Dej-issledovatelej+i+organizatorov+zdravooxranenija%2C+Tom+2+%28Radiacionnye+pora%C5%BEenija+%C4%8Deloveka%29&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=5-86656-114-X&rft.pages=99-107&rft.pub=IzdAT&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Harrison, John; Leggett, Rich; Lloyd, David; Phipps, Alan; Scott, Bobby. Polonium-210 as a poison. 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The Daily Telegraph (Australia). 2006-12-04 [2009-05-05]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.com.au/dailytelegraph/story/0,22049,20863878-5001031,00.html">原始内容</a>存档于2009-01-06）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%92%8B&rft.atitle=Innocent+chemical+a+killer&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft.aulast=Manier&rft.date=2006-12-04&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Fdailytelegraph%2Fstory%2F0%2C22049%2C20863878-5001031%2C00.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Karpin, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bombinbasementho00karp">The bomb in the basement: How Israel went nuclear and what that means for the world</a>. 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Los Angeles Times. 2007-01-01 [2008-09-17]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.latimes.com/2007/jan/01/science/sci-polonium1">原始内容</a>存档于2009-01-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%92%8B&rft.atitle=A+restless+killer+radiates+intrigue&rft.au=Karen+Kaplan&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.aulast=Maugh&rft.date=2007-01-01&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.latimes.com%2F2007%2Fjan%2F01%2Fscience%2Fsci-polonium1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Geoghegan, Tom. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090115130308/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6180432.stm">The mystery of Litvinenko's death</a>. 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The Guardian. 2016-01-21 [2016-01-21]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/21/alexander-litvinenko-was-probably-murdered-on-personal-orders-of-putin">原始内容</a>存档于2022-06-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%92%8B&rft.atitle=Litvinenko+%27probably+murdered+on+personal+orders+of+Putin%27&rft.au=Harding%2C+Luke&rft.aufirst=Esther&rft.aulast=Addley&rft.date=2016-01-21&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Fjan%2F21%2Falexander-litvinenko-was-probably-murdered-on-personal-orders-of-putin&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Boggan, Steve. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220622210243/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/jun/05/russia.science">Who else was poisoned by polonium?</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" class="mw-redirect" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. 2007-06-05 [2021-08-28]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/jun/05/russia.science">原始内容</a>存档于2022-06-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%92%8B&rft.atitle=Who+else+was+poisoned+by+polonium%3F&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft.aulast=Boggan&rft.date=2007-06-05&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2007%2Fjun%2F05%2Frussia.science&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-PoAlJazeera-107"><a href="#cite_ref-PoAlJazeera_107-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Poort, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220624104414/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2013/11/6/polonium-a-silent-killer">Polonium: a silent killer</a>. 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Science. 1965, 149 (3683): 537–538. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1965Sci...149..537K">Bibcode:1965Sci...149..537K</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14325152">PMID 14325152</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:22567612">S2CID 22567612</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.149.3683.537">doi:10.1126/science.149.3683.537</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%92%8B&rft.atitle=Polonium+210+content+of+mainstream+cigarette+smoke&rft.au=Kelley+TF&rft.date=1965&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3683&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.pages=537-538&rft.volume=149&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A22567612&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1965Sci...149..537K&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.149.3683.537&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14325152&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Ota, Tomoko; Sanada, Tetsuya; Kashiwara, Yoko; Morimoto, Takao; et al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130616122011/http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110007226760">Evaluation for Committed Effective Dose Due to Dietary Foods by the Intake for Japanese Adults</a>. Japanese Journal of Health Physics. 2009, 44: 80–88 [2021-09-26]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5453%2Fjhps.44.80">doi:10.5453/jhps.44.80</a> <img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110007226760">原始内容</a>存档于2013-06-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%92%8B&rft.atitle=Evaluation+for+Committed+Effective+Dose+Due+to+Dietary+Foods+by+the+Intake+for+Japanese+Adults&rft.au=Kashiwara%2C+Yoko&rft.au=Morimoto%2C+Takao&rft.au=Ota%2C+Tomoko&rft.au=Sanada%2C+Tetsuya&rft.au=Sato%2C+Kaneaki&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Japanese+Journal+of+Health+Physics&rft.pages=80-88&rft.volume=44&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fci.nii.ac.jp%2Fnaid%2F110007226760&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5453%2Fjhps.44.80&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Smith-Briggs, JL; Bradley, EJ. 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W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8qePsa3V8GQC&pg=PA212">The Chemistry of Polonium</a>. Advances in Inorganic Chemistry and Radiochemistry 4. New York: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Academic_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academic Press（页面不存在）">Academic Press</a>. 1962: 197–226 [June 14, 2012]. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-12-023604-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-12-023604-6">ISBN 978-0-12-023604-6</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0065-2792%2808%2960268-X">doi:10.1016/S0065-2792(08)60268-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%92%8B&rft.atitle=The+Chemistry+of+Polonium&rft.aufirst=K.+W.&rft.aulast=Bagnall&rft.btitle=Advances+in+Inorganic+Chemistry+and+Radiochemistry&rft.date=1962&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-0-12-023604-6&rft.pages=197-226&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8qePsa3V8GQC%26pg%3DPA212&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0065-2792%2808%2960268-X&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="Greenwood" class="citation book">Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan. Chemistry of the Elements 2nd. Butterworth–Heinemann. 1997. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0080379418" title="Special:网络书源/978-0080379418">ISBN 978-0080379418</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%92%8B&rft.au=Earnshaw%2C+Alan&rft.au=Greenwood%2C+Norman+N.&rft.btitle=Chemistry+of+the+Elements&rft.date=1997&rft.edition=2nd&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0080379418&rft.pub=Butterworth%E2%80%93Heinemann&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結">外部連結</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%8B&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：外部連結">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li>元素钋在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://periodic.lanl.gov/84.shtml">洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室</a>的介紹（英文）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/periodic/Po.html">EnvironmentalChemistry.com —— 钋</a>（英文）</li> <li>元素<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/084.htm">钋</a>在The Periodic Table of Videos（諾丁漢大學）的介紹（英文）</li> <li>元素钋在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/element.php?sym=Po">Peter van der Krogt elements site</a>的介紹（英文）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Po/index.html">WebElements.com – 钋</a>（英文）</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output 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class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="Template:化学元素"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="Template talk:化学元素"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:化学元素"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="化學元素" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="化學元素">化學元素</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table class="wraplinks" style="width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td>  </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83953186"> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="碱金属">IA 1</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E5%9C%9F%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="碱土金属">IIA 2</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/3%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="3族元素">IIIB 3</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/4%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="4族元素">IVB 4</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/5%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="5族元素">VB 5</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/6%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="6族元素">VIB 6</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/7%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="7族元素">VIIB 7</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/8%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="8族元素">VIIIB 8</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/9%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="9族元素">VIIIB 9</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/10%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="10族元素">VIIIB 10</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/11%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="11族元素">IB 11</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/12%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="12族元素">IIB 12</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="硼族元素">IIIA 13</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="碳族元素">IVA 14</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="氮族元素">VA 15</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="氧族元素">VIA 16</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A4%E7%B4%A0" title="卤素">VIIA 17</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%80%E6%9C%89%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93" title="稀有气体">VIIIA 18</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC1%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第1周期元素">1</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2" title="氢">H</a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC2%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第2周期元素">2</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%82" title="锂">Li</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8D" title="铍">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC" title="硼">B</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">C</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">N</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">O</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F" title="氟">F</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%96" title="氖">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC3%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第3周期元素">3</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A0" title="钠">Na</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%81" title="镁">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9D" title="铝">Al</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%85" title="硅">Si</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7" title="磷">P</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">S</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF" title="氯">Cl</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A9" title="氩">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC4%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第4周期元素">4</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BE" title="钾">K</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%99" title="钙">Ca</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AA" title="钪">Sc</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9B" title="钛">Ti</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%92" title="钒">V</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AC" title="铬">Cr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B0" title="锰">Mn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81" title="铁">Fe</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B4" title="钴">Co</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8D" title="镍">Ni</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9C" title="铜">Cu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8C" title="锌">Zn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%93" title="镓">Ga</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%97" title="锗">Ge</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B7" title="砷">As</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%92" title="硒">Se</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B4" title="溴">Br</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AA" title="氪">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC5%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第5周期元素">5</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B7" title="铷">Rb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B6" title="锶">Sr</a> </td> <td style="border:none; width:0;padding:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%87" title="钇">Y</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%86" title="锆">Zr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8C" title="铌">Nb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BC" title="钼">Mo</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%9D" title="锝">Tc</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8C" title="钌">Ru</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%91" title="铑">Rh</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AF" title="钯">Pd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀">Ag</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%89" title="镉">Cd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9F" title="铟">In</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1" title="锡">Sn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%91" title="锑">Sb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B2" title="碲">Te</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%98" title="碘">I</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%99" title="氙">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC6%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第6周期元素">6</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AF" title="铯">Cs</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A1" title="钡">Ba</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A7" title="镧">La</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%88" title="铈">Ce</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A8" title="镨">Pr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%95" title="钕">Nd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B7" title="钷">Pm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%90" title="钐">Sm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%95" title="铕">Eu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%86" title="钆">Gd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BD" title="铽">Tb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%9D" title="镝">Dy</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AC" title="钬">Ho</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%92" title="铒">Er</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%A5" title="铥">Tm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B1" title="镱">Yb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A5" title="镥">Lu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AA" title="铪">Hf</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BD" title="钽">Ta</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A8" title="钨">W</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BC" title="铼">Re</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%87" title="锇">Os</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B1" title="铱">Ir</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%82" title="铂">Pt</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金">Au</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9E" title="汞">Hg</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8A" title="铊">Tl</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85" title="铅">Pb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8B" title="铋">Bi</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Po</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B9" title="砹">At</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A1" title="氡">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC7%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第7周期元素">7</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AB" title="钫">Fr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%AD" title="镭">Ra</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%95" title="锕">Ac</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8D" title="钍">Th</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A4" title="镤">Pa</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE" title="鈾">U</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8E" title="镎">Np</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9A" title="钚">Pu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%85" title="镅">Am</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%94" title="锔">Cm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%AB" title="锫">Bk</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8E" title="锎">Cf</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%BF" title="锿">Es</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%84" title="镄">Fm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%94" title="钔">Md</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%98" title="锘">No</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%92" title="鐒">Lr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%91%AA" title="鑪">Rf</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A7%80" title="𨧀">Db</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%8E" title="𨭎">Sg</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A8%8F" title="𨨏">Bh</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%86" title="𨭆">Hs</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%A5%91" title="䥑">Mt</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%BD" title="鐽">Ds</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%80" title="錀">Rg</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%B6" title="鎶">Cn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%A8" title="鉨">Nh</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%87" title="鈇">Fl</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%86" title="镆">Mc</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9D" title="鉝">Lv</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AC" title="鿬">Ts</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AB" title="鿫">Og</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="相關項目" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關項目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="化學元素">化學元素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/0%E8%99%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="0號元素">0號元素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="扩展元素周期表">扩展元素周期表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="同位素列表">同位素列表</a></li> <li><a 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%B2%A7%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="Template:貧金屬"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E8%B2%A7%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="Template talk:貧金屬"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%B2%A7%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:貧金屬"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="元素周期表（貧金屬）" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素周期表">元素周期表</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%A7%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" title="貧金屬">貧金屬</a>）</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table class="wraplinks" style="width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td>  </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83953186"> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="碱金属">IA 1</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E5%9C%9F%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="碱土金属">IIA 2</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/3%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="3族元素">IIIB 3</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/4%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="4族元素">IVB 4</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/5%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="5族元素">VB 5</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/6%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="6族元素">VIB 6</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/7%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="7族元素">VIIB 7</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/8%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="8族元素">VIIIB 8</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/9%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="9族元素">VIIIB 9</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/10%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="10族元素">VIIIB 10</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/11%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="11族元素">IB 11</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/12%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="12族元素">IIB 12</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="硼族元素">IIIA 13</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="碳族元素">IVA 14</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="氮族元素">VA 15</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="氧族元素">VIA 16</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A4%E7%B4%A0" title="卤素">VIIA 17</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%80%E6%9C%89%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93" title="稀有气体">VIIIA 18</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC1%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第1周期元素">1</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2" title="氢">H</a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC2%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第2周期元素">2</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%82" title="锂">Li</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8D" title="铍">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC" title="硼">B</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">C</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">N</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">O</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F" title="氟">F</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%96" title="氖">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC3%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第3周期元素">3</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A0" title="钠">Na</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%81" title="镁">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9D" title="铝">Al</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%85" title="硅">Si</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7" title="磷">P</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">S</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF" title="氯">Cl</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A9" title="氩">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC4%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第4周期元素">4</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BE" title="钾">K</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%99" title="钙">Ca</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AA" title="钪">Sc</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9B" title="钛">Ti</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%92" title="钒">V</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AC" title="铬">Cr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B0" title="锰">Mn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81" title="铁">Fe</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B4" title="钴">Co</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8D" title="镍">Ni</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9C" title="铜">Cu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8C" title="锌">Zn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%93" title="镓">Ga</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%97" title="锗">Ge</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B7" title="砷">As</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%92" title="硒">Se</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B4" title="溴">Br</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AA" title="氪">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC5%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第5周期元素">5</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B7" title="铷">Rb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B6" title="锶">Sr</a> </td> <td style="border:none; width:0;padding:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%87" title="钇">Y</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%86" title="锆">Zr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8C" title="铌">Nb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BC" title="钼">Mo</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%9D" title="锝">Tc</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8C" title="钌">Ru</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%91" title="铑">Rh</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AF" title="钯">Pd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀">Ag</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%89" title="镉">Cd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9F" title="铟">In</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1" title="锡">Sn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%91" title="锑">Sb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B2" title="碲">Te</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%98" title="碘">I</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%99" title="氙">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC6%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第6周期元素">6</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AF" title="铯">Cs</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A1" title="钡">Ba</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A7" title="镧">La</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%88" title="铈">Ce</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A8" title="镨">Pr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%95" title="钕">Nd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B7" title="钷">Pm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%90" title="钐">Sm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%95" title="铕">Eu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%86" title="钆">Gd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BD" title="铽">Tb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%9D" title="镝">Dy</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AC" title="钬">Ho</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%92" title="铒">Er</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%A5" title="铥">Tm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B1" title="镱">Yb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A5" title="镥">Lu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AA" title="铪">Hf</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BD" title="钽">Ta</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A8" title="钨">W</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BC" title="铼">Re</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%87" title="锇">Os</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B1" title="铱">Ir</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%82" title="铂">Pt</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金">Au</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9E" title="汞">Hg</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8A" title="铊">Tl</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85" title="铅">Pb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8B" title="铋">Bi</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Po</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B9" title="砹">At</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A1" title="氡">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC7%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第7周期元素">7</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AB" title="钫">Fr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%AD" title="镭">Ra</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%95" title="锕">Ac</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8D" title="钍">Th</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A4" title="镤">Pa</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE" title="鈾">U</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8E" title="镎">Np</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9A" title="钚">Pu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%85" title="镅">Am</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%94" title="锔">Cm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%AB" title="锫">Bk</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8E" title="锎">Cf</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%BF" title="锿">Es</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%84" title="镄">Fm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%94" title="钔">Md</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%98" title="锘">No</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%92" title="鐒">Lr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%91%AA" title="鑪">Rf</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A7%80" title="𨧀">Db</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%8E" title="𨭎">Sg</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A8%8F" title="𨨏">Bh</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%86" title="𨭆">Hs</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%A5%91" title="䥑">Mt</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%BD" title="鐽">Ds</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%80" title="錀">Rg</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%B6" title="鎶">Cn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%A8" title="鉨">Nh</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:2px solid black; margin:-2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%87" title="鈇">Fl</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%86" title="镆">Mc</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9D" title="鉝">Lv</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AC" title="鿬">Ts</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AB" title="鿫">Og</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="相關項目" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關項目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="化學元素">化學元素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/0%E8%99%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="0號元素">0號元素</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="扩展元素周期表">扩展元素周期表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="同位素列表">同位素列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%9A%84%E5%9C%B0%E6%AE%BC%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E8%B1%90%E5%BA%A6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="地球的地殼元素豐度列表">地球的地殼元素豐度列表</a></li> 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A2%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%92%8B(II)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氢氧化钋(II)（页面不存在）">Po(OH)2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E9%92%8B(II)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="硝酸钋(II)（页面不存在）">Po(NO3)2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E7%A1%AB%E9%85%B8%E9%92%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚硫酸钋（页面不存在）">PoSO3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E7%A1%92%E9%85%B8%E9%92%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚硒酸钋（页面不存在）">PoSeO3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">钋(IV)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%9F%E5%8C%96%E9%92%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="四氟化钋（页面不存在）">PoF4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%92%8B" title="四氯化钋">PoCl4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%BA%B4%E5%8C%96%E9%92%8B" title="四溴化钋">PoBr4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E7%A2%98%E5%8C%96%E9%92%8B" title="四碘化钋">PoI4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%AF%E4%BA%8C%E6%BA%B4%E5%8C%96%E9%92%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="二氯二溴化钋（页面不存在）">PoCl2Br2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%92%8B" title="二氧化钋">PoO2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%A2%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%B0%A7%E9%92%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氢氧化氧钋（页面不存在）">PoO(OH)2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E9%85%B8%E9%92%8B(IV)" title="硫酸钋(IV)">Po(SO4)2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A1%92%E9%85%B8%E9%92%8B(IV)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="硒酸钋(IV)（页面不存在）">Po(SeO4)2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E9%92%8B" title="四硝酸钋">Po(NO3)4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A2%B3%E9%85%B8%E9%92%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="碳酸钋（页面不存在）">Po(CO3)2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E9%92%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="磷酸钋（页面不存在）">Po3(PO4)4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%93%AC%E9%85%B8%E9%92%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="铬酸钋（页面不存在）">Po(CrO4)2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A2%98%E9%85%B8%E9%92%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="碘酸钋（页面不存在）">Po(IO3)4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AD%E6%BA%B4%E5%90%88%E9%92%8B%E9%85%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="六溴合钋酸（页面不存在）">H2PoBr6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AD%E6%B0%AF%E5%90%88%E9%92%8B%E9%85%B8%E9%93%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="六氯合钋酸铯（页面不存在）">Cs2PoCl6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AD%E6%BA%B4%E5%90%88%E9%92%8B%E9%85%B8%E9%93%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="六溴合钋酸铯（页面不存在）">Cs2PoBr6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AD%E7%A2%98%E5%90%88%E9%92%8B%E9%85%B8%E9%93%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="六碘合钋酸铯（页面不存在）">Cs2PoI6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%8B%E9%85%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="钋酸（页面不存在）">H2PoO3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%92%8B%E9%85%B8%E9%92%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="钋酸钾（页面不存在）">K2PoO3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%89%E9%85%B8%E9%92%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="草酸钋（页面不存在）">Po(C2O4)2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%99%E9%85%B8%E9%92%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="乙酸钋（页面不存在）">Po(CH3CO2)4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B0%E5%8C%96%E9%92%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氰化钋（页面不存在）">Po(CN)4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">钋(VI)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E6%B0%9F%E5%8C%96%E9%92%8B" title="六氟化钋">PoF6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%92%8B" title="三氧化钋">PoO3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh:皮埃爾;zh-cn:皮埃尔;zh-tw:皮耶;&#125;-·居里與玛丽·居里" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%B1%85%E7%A6%AE%E5%A4%AB%E5%A9%A6" title="Template:居禮夫婦"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E5%B1%85%E7%A6%AE%E5%A4%AB%E5%A9%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:居禮夫婦（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%B1%85%E7%A6%AE%E5%A4%AB%E5%A9%A6" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:居禮夫婦"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="-&#123;zh:皮埃爾;zh-cn:皮埃尔;zh-tw:皮耶;&#125;-·居里與玛丽·居里" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C" title="皮埃尔·居里">皮埃爾·居里</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%BD%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C" title="玛丽·居里">玛丽·居里</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">貢獻</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%B8%E6%95%B8" title="居里常數">居里常數</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C%E7%82%B9" title="居里点">居里点／居里温度</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="居里定律">居里定律</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C-%E5%A4%96%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="居里-外斯定律">居里-外斯定律</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="居里原理（页面不存在）">居里原理</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curie%27s_principle" class="extiw" title="en:Curie's principle">Curie's principle</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%93%E9%9B%BB%E6%95%88%E6%87%89" title="壓電效應">壓電效應</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">钋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%AD" title="镭">镭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7#發現史" title="放射性">元素的放射性</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Pierre_Curie_et_Marie_Sklodowska_Curie_1895.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Pierre_Curie_et_Marie_Sklodowska_Curie_1895.jpg/100px-Pierre_Curie_et_Marie_Sklodowska_Curie_1895.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Pierre_Curie_et_Marie_Sklodowska_Curie_1895.jpg/150px-Pierre_Curie_et_Marie_Sklodowska_Curie_1895.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Pierre_Curie_et_Marie_Sklodowska_Curie_1895.jpg/200px-Pierre_Curie_et_Marie_Sklodowska_Curie_1895.jpg 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="826" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">著作</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E8%AB%96%E8%AA%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="放射性論說（页面不存在）">放射性論說</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treatise_on_Radioactivity" class="extiw" title="en:Treatise on Radioactivity">Treatise on Radioactivity</a>）》</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">家庭</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E9%9B%B7%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E7%BA%A6%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5-%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C" title="伊雷娜·约里奥-居里">伊雷娜·约里奥-居里</a>（長女）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%BA%A6%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5-%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C" title="弗雷德里克·约里奥-居里">弗雷德里克·约里奥-居里</a>（長女婿）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E8%8A%99%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C" title="艾芙·居里">艾芙·居里</a>（次女）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%8F%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E6%A3%AE%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="小亨利·理查森·拉布拉斯（页面不存在）">小亨利·理查森·拉布拉斯</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Richardson_Labouisse_Jr." class="extiw" title="en:Henry Richardson Labouisse Jr.">Henry Richardson Labouisse Jr.</a>）（次女婿）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E8%93%AE%E5%A8%9C%C2%B7%E6%9C%97%E4%B9%8B%E8%90%AC-%E7%B4%84%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊蓮娜·朗之萬-約里奧（页面不存在）">伊蓮娜·朗之萬-約里奧</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Langevin-Joliot" class="extiw" title="en:Hélène Langevin-Joliot">Hélène Langevin-Joliot</a>）（外孫女）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B1%B3%E6%AD%87%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E6%9C%97%E4%B9%8B%E8%90%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="米歇爾·朗之萬（页面不存在）">米歇爾·朗之萬</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Langevin" class="extiw" title="fr:Michel Langevin">Michel Langevin</a>）（外孫女婿）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9A%AE%E5%9F%83%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E7%B4%84%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="皮埃爾·約里奧（页面不存在）">皮埃爾·約里奧</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Joliot" class="extiw" title="en:Pierre Joliot">Pierre Joliot</a>）（外孫）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%9C%97%E4%B9%8B%E8%90%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="伊夫·朗之萬（页面不存在）">艾芙·朗之萬</a>（法语：<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yves_Langevin" class="extiw" title="fr:Yves Langevin">Yves Langevin</a>）（曾外孫）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8" title="居里博物館">巴黎居里博物館</a>（工作室）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E8%B4%A4%E7%A5%A0" title="先贤祠">先贤祠</a>（墓地）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%94" title="锔">锔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C_(%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D)" title="居里 (单位)">居里 (单位)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C%E5%B3%B6" title="居里島">居里島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F7000" title="小行星7000">居里小行星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%AA%E9%BA%97%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E7%A6%AE%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8" title="瑪麗·居禮博物館">華沙瑪麗·居禮博物館</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%AB%E5%A9%A6%E7%AB%99" title="居里夫婦站">居里夫婦站</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%A7%E5%B8%83%E6%9E%97%E7%91%AA%E9%BA%97%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E7%A6%AE%E7%B4%80%E5%BF%B5%E7%A2%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="盧布林瑪麗·居禮紀念碑（页面不存在）">盧布林瑪麗·居禮紀念碑</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie_Monument_in_Lublin" class="extiw" title="en:Marie Curie Monument in Lublin">Marie Curie Monument in Lublin</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%AA%E9%BA%97%E4%BA%9E%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E6%B2%83%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑪麗亞·斯克沃多夫斯卡·居里大學（页面不存在）">玛丽亚·斯克沃多夫斯卡·居里大學</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Curie-Sk%C5%82odowska_University" class="extiw" title="en:Maria Curie-Skłodowska University">Maria Curie-Skłodowska University</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AD%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="巴黎第六大学">皮埃爾和瑪麗·居里大學</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%AA%E9%BA%97%E4%BA%9E%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E6%B2%83%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E8%85%AB%E7%98%A4%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑪麗亞·斯克沃多夫斯卡·居里國家腫瘤研究所（页面不存在）">玛丽亚·斯克沃多夫斯卡·居里國家腫瘤研究所</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Sklodowska-Curie_National_Research_Institute_of_Oncology" class="extiw" title="en:Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology">Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%AA%E9%BA%97%E6%A0%B8%E5%8F%8D%E6%87%89%E7%88%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑪麗核反應爐（页面不存在）">瑪麗核反應爐</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_reactor" class="extiw" title="en:Maria reactor">Maria reactor</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80" title="居里研究所">居里研究所</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%BD%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85" title="玛丽·居里学者">瑪麗·居里學者人才基金</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E6%A9%9F%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E5%B8%AB%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83%E7%91%AA%E9%BA%97%E4%BA%9E%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E6%B2%83%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C%E7%8D%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="電機電子工程師學會瑪麗亞·斯克沃多夫斯卡·居里獎（页面不存在）">IEEE 玛丽亚·斯克沃多夫斯卡·居里獎</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_Marie_Sklodowska-Curie_Award" class="extiw" title="en:IEEE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Award">IEEE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Award</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%AA%E9%BA%97%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E7%A6%AE%E7%8D%8E%E7%AB%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑪麗·居禮獎章（页面不存在）">瑪麗·居禮獎章</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Curie_Medal" class="extiw" title="en:Marie Curie Medal">Marie Curie Medal</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%AA%E9%BA%97%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95%E8%A8%88%E7%95%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑪麗·居里行動計畫（页面不存在）">瑪麗·居里行動計畫</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie_Actions" class="extiw" title="en:Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions">Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions</a>）</li> <li>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%AA%E9%BA%97%C2%B7%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C%E5%86%8D%E7%94%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑪麗·居里再生（页面不存在）">瑪麗·居里再生</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Sk%C5%82odowska-Curie_Medallion" class="extiw" title="en:Maria Skłodowska-Curie Medallion">Maria Skłodowska-Curie Medallion</a>）》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E9%87%8C%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA_(1943%E5%B9%B4%E7%94%B5%E5%BD%B1)" title="居里夫人 (1943年电影)">居里夫人</a>》</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%85%E7%A6%AE%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA%EF%BC%9A%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%B0%B8%E6%81%86" title="居禮夫人：放射永恆">放射性物质</a>》</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" 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