CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Sphingosine-1-phosphate - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"795c7ce0-db4e-452b-92b4-cf8440ba414d","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Sphingosine-1-phosphate","wgTitle":"Sphingosine-1-phosphate","wgCurRevisionId":1233621005,"wgRevisionId":1233621005,"wgArticleId":8884269,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","ECHA InfoCard ID from Wikidata","Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes","Chembox image size set","Short description matches Wikidata","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from November 2016","Articles with unsourced statements from January 2017","Use dmy dates from April 2017","Sphingolipids"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en", "wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Sphingosine-1-phosphate","wgRelevantArticleId":8884269,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q418267", "wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP", "ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Sphingosine-1-phosphate - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphingosine-1-phosphate"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Sphingosine-1-phosphate&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphingosine-1-phosphate"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Sphingosine-1-phosphate rootpage-Sphingosine-1-phosphate skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Sphingosine-1-phosphate" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Sphingosine-1-phosphate" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Sphingosine-1-phosphate" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Sphingosine-1-phosphate" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Production-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Production subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Metabolism_and_degradation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metabolism_and_degradation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Metabolism and degradation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metabolism_and_degradation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Function" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Function"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Function</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clinical_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clinical_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Clinical significance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Clinical significance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-As_a_drug" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_a_drug"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>As a drug</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_a_drug-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_a_drug_target" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_a_drug_target"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>As a drug target</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_a_drug_target-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-S1P_receptor(s)_as_a_drug_target" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#S1P_receptor(s)_as_a_drug_target"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>S1P receptor(s) as a drug target</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-S1P_receptor(s)_as_a_drug_target-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-S1P_receptor_modulators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#S1P_receptor_modulators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>S1P receptor modulators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-S1P_receptor_modulators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sphingosine-1-phosphate</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 10 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-10" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">10 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86-%DB%B1-%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="اسپینقوسین-۱-فوسفات – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اسپینقوسین-۱-فوسفات" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphingosin-1-phosphat" title="Sphingosin-1-phosphat – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sphingosin-1-phosphat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esfingosina-1-fosfato" title="Esfingosina-1-fosfato – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Esfingosina-1-fosfato" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%86-%DB%B1-%D9%81%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="اسفنگوزین-۱-فسفات – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسفنگوزین-۱-فسفات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphingosine-1-phosphate" title="Sphingosine-1-phosphate – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sphingosine-1-phosphate" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esfingosina-1-fosfato" title="Esfingosina-1-fosfato – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Esfingosina-1-fosfato" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B4%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B3-1-%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E9%85%B8" title="スフィンゴシン-1-リン酸 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スフィンゴシン-1-リン酸" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfingozin-1-fosfat" title="Sfingozin-1-fosfat – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sfingozin-1-fosfat" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfingozin-1-fosfat" title="Sfingozin-1-fosfat – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Sfingozin-1-fosfat" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sfingozin-1-fosfat" title="Sfingozin-1-fosfat – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sfingozin-1-fosfat" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q418267#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sphingosine-1-phosphate" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Sphingosine-1-phosphate" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sphingosine-1-phosphate"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphingosine-1-phosphate&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphingosine-1-phosphate&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sphingosine-1-phosphate"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphingosine-1-phosphate&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphingosine-1-phosphate&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Sphingosine-1-phosphate" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Sphingosine-1-phosphate" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphingosine-1-phosphate&oldid=1233621005" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphingosine-1-phosphate&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Sphingosine-1-phosphate&id=1233621005&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSphingosine-1-phosphate"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSphingosine-1-phosphate"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Sphingosine-1-phosphate&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphingosine-1-phosphate&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q418267" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Signaling sphingolipid</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"S1p" redirects here. For site-1 protease, see <a href="/wiki/Membrane-bound_transcription_factor_site-1_protease" title="Membrane-bound transcription factor site-1 protease">Membrane-bound transcription factor site-1 protease</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1084375498">.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox{border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td,.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td+td{width:60%}</style> <table class="infobox ib-chembox"> <caption>Sphingosine-1-phosphate </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sphingosine-1-phosphate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Skeletal formula of sphingosine-1-phosphate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Sphingosine-1-phosphate.svg/260px-Sphingosine-1-phosphate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Sphingosine-1-phosphate.svg/390px-Sphingosine-1-phosphate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Sphingosine-1-phosphate.svg/520px-Sphingosine-1-phosphate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="99" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sphingosine-1-phosphate-anion-3D-spacefill.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Space-filling model of the sphingosine-1-phosphate anion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Sphingosine-1-phosphate-anion-3D-spacefill.png/260px-Sphingosine-1-phosphate-anion-3D-spacefill.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Sphingosine-1-phosphate-anion-3D-spacefill.png/390px-Sphingosine-1-phosphate-anion-3D-spacefill.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Sphingosine-1-phosphate-anion-3D-spacefill.png/520px-Sphingosine-1-phosphate-anion-3D-spacefill.png 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Names </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Preferred_IUPAC_name" title="Preferred IUPAC name">Preferred IUPAC name</a> <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; max-width:22em;">(2<i>S</i>,3<i>R</i>,4<i>E</i>)-2-Amino-3-hydroxyoctadec-4-en-1-yl dihydrogen phosphate</div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Identifiers </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></div> </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="commonchemistry.cas.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=26993-30-6">26993-30-6</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">3D model (<a href="/wiki/JSmol" class="mw-redirect" title="JSmol">JSmol</a>)</div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=O%3DP%28O%29%28OC%5BC%40H%5D%28N%29%5BC%40H%5D%28O%29%2FC%3DC%2FCCCCCCCCCCCCC%29O">Interactive image</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=37550">CHEBI:37550</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChEMBL" title="ChEMBL">ChEMBL</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/ChEMBL225155">ChEMBL225155</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.chemspider.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.4446673.html">4446673</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ECHA_InfoCard" class="mw-redirect" title="ECHA InfoCard"><span title="echa.europa.eu">ECHA InfoCard</span></a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.164.436">100.164.436</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418267#P2566" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/IUPHAR/BPS" class="mw-redirect" title="IUPHAR/BPS">IUPHAR/BPS</a></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.guidetopharmacology.org"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?tab=summary&ligandId=911">911</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.kegg.jp"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C06124">C06124</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a> </td> <td><span title="www.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?mode=&term=sphingosine+1-phosphate">sphingosine+1-phosphate</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a> <abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5283560">5283560</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Unique_Ingredient_Identifier" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier">UNII</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="precision.fda.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://precision.fda.gov/uniisearch/srs/unii/YVE187NJ1U">YVE187NJ1U</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard" title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard">CompTox Dashboard</a> <span style="font-weight:normal">(<abbr title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</abbr>)</span></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="comptox.epa.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID4037166">DTXSID4037166</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418267#P3117" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; background:transparent;"><div><a href="/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier">InChI</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1S/C18H38NO5P/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-18(20)17(19)16-24-25(21,22)23/h14-15,17-18,20H,2-13,16,19H2,1H3,(H2,21,22,23)/b15-14+/t17-,18+/m0/s1<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key: DUYSYHSSBDVJSM-KRWOKUGFSA-N<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></div></div></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;"><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">InChI=1/C18H38NO5P/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-18(20)17(19)16-24-25(21,22)23/h14-15,17-18,20H,2-13,16,19H2,1H3,(H2,21,22,23)/b15-14+/t17-,18+/m0/s1</div><div style="word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">Key: DUYSYHSSBDVJSM-KRWOKUGFBM</div></div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; background:transparent;"><div><a href="/wiki/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.6em; word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; font-size:97%; line-height:120%;">O=P(O)(OC[C@H](N)[C@H](O)/C=C/CCCCCCCCCCCCC)O</div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Properties </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Chemical formula</a></div> </td> <td>C<sub>18</sub>H<sub>38</sub>NO<sub>5</sub>P  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a> </td> <td>379.472    </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background:#f8eaba; border:1px solid #a2a9b1;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their <a href="/wiki/Standard_state" title="Standard state">standard state</a> (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).</div> <div style="margin-top: 0.3em;"><div style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/12px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/18px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/24px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span> <span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&rev1=477859074&page2=Sphingosine-1-phosphate">verify</a></span> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Chembox_validation" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation">what is</a> <sup><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span></sup> ?) </div></div> <div style="margin-top: 0.3em; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox#References" title="Wikipedia:Chemical infobox">Infobox references</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chemical compound</div> <p><b>Sphingosine-1-phosphate</b> (<b>S1P</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Cell_signaling" title="Cell signaling">signaling</a> <a href="/wiki/Sphingolipid" title="Sphingolipid">sphingolipid</a>, also known as lysosphingolipid. It is also referred to as a bioactive lipid mediator. Sphingolipids at large form a class of lipids characterized by a particular aliphatic aminoalcohol, which is <a href="/wiki/Sphingosine" title="Sphingosine">sphingosine</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphingosine-1-phosphate&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>S1P is formed from ceramide,<sup id="cite_ref-Mendelson_5–9_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mendelson_5–9-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is composed of a sphingosine and a fatty acid. Ceramidase, an enzyme primarily present in plasma membrane, will convert ceramide to sphingosine.<sup id="cite_ref-Mendelson_5–9_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mendelson_5–9-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sphingosine is then phosphorylated by <a href="/wiki/Sphingosine_kinase" title="Sphingosine kinase">sphingosine kinase</a> (SK) isoenzymes.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are two identified mammalian isoenzymes, <a href="/wiki/SPHK1" class="mw-redirect" title="SPHK1">SK1</a> and <a href="/wiki/SPHK2" title="SPHK2">SK2</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These two enzymes have different tissue distribution. SK1 is highly expressed in spleen, lung and leukocytes,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while SK2 is highly expressed in liver and kidney.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SK2 is located mainly in the mitochondria, nucleus and the endoplasmic reticulum whereas SK1 is mainly located in cytoplasm and the cell membrane.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metabolism_and_degradation">Metabolism and degradation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphingosine-1-phosphate&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Metabolism and degradation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>S1P can be dephosphorylated to sphingosine by sphingosine phosphatases and can be irreversibly degraded by an enzyme, sphingosine phosphate lyase. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphingosine-1-phosphate&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>S1P is a blood borne lipid mediator, in particular in association with lipoproteins such as <a href="/wiki/High_density_lipoprotein" class="mw-redirect" title="High density lipoprotein">high density lipoprotein</a> (HDL).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is less abundant in tissue fluids. This is referred to as the S1P gradient, which seems to have biological significance in immune cell trafficking. </p><p>Originally thought as an intracellular second messenger, it was discovered to be an extracellular ligand for G protein-coupled receptor <a href="/wiki/S1PR1" title="S1PR1">S1PR1</a> in 1998. It is now known that <a href="/wiki/Sphingosine-1-phosphate_receptor" title="Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor">sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors</a> (S1P receptors) are members of the <a href="/wiki/Lysophospholipid_receptor" title="Lysophospholipid receptor">lysophospholipid receptor</a> family. There are five described to date. Most of the biological effects of S1P are mediated by signaling through the cell surface receptors. </p><p>Although S1P is of importance in the entire human body, it is a major regulator of vascular and immune systems, orchestrating how immune cells migrate within the arterial wall.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, it might be relevant in the <a href="/wiki/Skin" title="Skin">skin</a>. In the vascular system, S1P regulates angiogenesis, vascular stability, and permeability. In the immune system, it is now recognized as a major regulator of trafficking of T- and B-cells. S1P interaction with its receptor S1PR1 is needed for the egress of immune cells from the lymphoid organs (such as thymus and lymph nodes) into the lymphatic vessels. Inhibition of S1P receptors was shown to be critical for immunomodulation. S1P has also been shown to directly suppress <a href="/wiki/Toll-like_receptor" title="Toll-like receptor">TLR</a> mediated immune response from T cells.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A research team, led by a scientist at Weill Cornell Medical College, has discovered that red blood cells perform a second vital function: <a href="/wiki/Angiogenesis" title="Angiogenesis">angiogenesis</a>. Given its role in creating new blood vessels, scientists recognize S1P as vital to human health — and a player in some diseases, such as <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a>. And although S1P is known to be blood borne, no one realized until this study that S1P is supplied by red blood cells to control blood vessel growth. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphingosine-1-phosphate&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The levels of S1P (in a range of 5–40 μmol/L) are 5 to 10 times up-regulated in ovarian cancer patients' ascites. S1P at this physiological concentration stimulates migration and invasion of epithelial ovarian cancer cells but inhibits migration of normal ovarian surface epithelial cells.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most (more than 90%) ovarian cancers arise from the epithelium of the ovary. Therefore, extracellular S1P could have an important role in cancer progression by promoting migration of epithelial ovarian cancer cells. </p><p>Ozonization of human blood is associated with increased concentrations of S1P in the plasma.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, S1P modulates the <a href="/wiki/Cell_growth" title="Cell growth">proliferation</a> of skin cells. This in particular applies to <a href="/wiki/Keratinocyte" title="Keratinocyte">keratinocytes</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <a href="/wiki/Fibroblast" title="Fibroblast">fibroblasts</a> are not addressed in this way, apart from cell growth and differentiation. While S1P suppresses epidermal proliferation as the <a href="/wiki/Glucocorticoid" title="Glucocorticoid">glucocorticoids</a> do, it differs from them in so far, as proliferation of dermal fibroblasts is not reduced. In fact, S1P even activates fibroblast-derived <a href="/wiki/Extracellular_matrix" title="Extracellular matrix">extracellular matrix</a> protein production. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_a_drug">As a drug</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphingosine-1-phosphate&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: As a drug"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Administration of S1P has been shown to protect oocytes from chemotherapeutic agents <i>in vitro</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Morita2000_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morita2000-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as <i>in vivo</i> from chemotherapeutic and radiation therapies.<sup id="cite_ref-Morita2000_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morita2000-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Paris_2002_901–2_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paris_2002_901–2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zelinski2011_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zelinski2011-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which otherwise induce <a href="/wiki/Apoptosis" title="Apoptosis">apoptosis</a> of the cells. S1P has protected ovarian tissue <a href="/wiki/Xenograft" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenograft">xenografts</a> in SCID <a href="/wiki/Mouse_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouse model">mouse models</a> from radiation induced <a href="/wiki/Atresia" title="Atresia">atresia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Zelinski2011_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zelinski2011-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Animal_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal model">animal models</a> these protected oocytes have been used to produce healthy live young.<sup id="cite_ref-Paris_2002_901–2_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paris_2002_901–2-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Radiotherapies and chemotherapies can cause apoptosis of <a href="/wiki/Ovarian_follicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Ovarian follicles">ovarian follicles</a>, causing <a href="/wiki/Premature_ovarian_failure" class="mw-redirect" title="Premature ovarian failure">premature ovarian failure</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and so S1P is of great interest in fertility preservation.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, its mechanism of inhibiting the <a href="/wiki/Sphingomyelin#Apoptosis" title="Sphingomyelin">sphingomyelin apoptotic pathway</a> may also interfere with the <a href="/wiki/Apoptosis" title="Apoptosis">apoptosis</a> action of chemotherapy drugs.<sup id="cite_ref-RonessKalich-Philosoph2014_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RonessKalich-Philosoph2014-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to the hyperproliferative action against epidermal cells, S1P has been considered as an active pharmaceutical ingredient for hyperproliferative skin diseases, in particular, psoriasis vulgaris and acne vulgaris.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Although S1P is active at very low concentrations, bioavailability of the compound in human skin is a concern. Therefore, a topical formulation based on specific drug carriers has been considered inevitable.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_a_drug_target">As a drug target</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphingosine-1-phosphate&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: As a drug target"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lpath_Inc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lpath Inc (page does not exist)">Lpath Inc</a> has produced and optimized a monoclonal anti-S1P antibody (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphingomab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sphingomab (page does not exist)">Sphingomab</a>). Sphingomab can absorb S1P from the extracellular fluid, thereby lowering the effective concentration of S1P.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sonepcizumab&redirect=no">Sonepcizumab</a></span> is an experimental anti-S1P <a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody" title="Monoclonal antibody">monoclonal antibody</a> that has had a phase II clinical trial for <a href="/wiki/Renal_cell_carcinoma" title="Renal cell carcinoma">renal cell carcinoma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sonepcizumab (LT1009) as ASONEP (for intravenous injection) has been studied for solid tumours.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As iSONEP, a formulation for intravitreal injection, it has been studied for <a href="/wiki/Age-related_macular_degeneration" class="mw-redirect" title="Age-related macular degeneration">age-related macular degeneration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="S1P_receptor(s)_as_a_drug_target"><span id="S1P_receptor.28s.29_as_a_drug_target"></span>S1P receptor(s) as a drug target</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphingosine-1-phosphate&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: S1P receptor(s) as a drug target"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are 5 types of <a href="/wiki/Sphingosine-1-phosphate_receptor" title="Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor">Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="S1P_receptor_modulators">S1P receptor modulators</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphingosine-1-phosphate&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: S1P receptor modulators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The drug <a href="/wiki/Fingolimod" title="Fingolimod">fingolimod</a> (FTY720), which agonizes the S1P receptor,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> prevents autoimmune lymphocytes from moving from the lymphoid organs into the central nervous system. It has been shown in phase III clinical trials to reduce relapses and improve other outcomes in multiple sclerosis.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> S1P, as well as FTY720, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties at low concentrations and prevent monocyte:endothelial interactions in aorta, possibly through the S1P1 receptor.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15761190_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15761190-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid16960101_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16960101-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The S1P receptor agonist <a href="/wiki/Etrasimod" title="Etrasimod">etrasimod</a> has been shown to induce remission in patient with <a href="/wiki/Ulcerative_colitis" title="Ulcerative colitis">ulcerative colitis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONO-4641&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONO-4641 (page does not exist)">ONO-4641</a> (a drug of Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) is a sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor agonist which keeps lymphocytes in lymph nodes and thereby inhibits the infiltration of lymphocytes into lesions. The compound is therefore expected to be a drug for the treatment of auto-immune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, which is regarded as an intractable disease.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ozanimod" title="Ozanimod">Ozanimod</a> is an agonist of the S1P1 and S1P5 receptors.<sup id="cite_ref-Scott2016_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scott2016-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has been studied for various forms of <a href="/wiki/Multiple_sclerosis" title="Multiple sclerosis">multiple sclerosis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphingosine-1-phosphate&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lipid_signaling" title="Lipid signaling">Lipid signaling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysophosphatidic_acid" title="Lysophosphatidic acid">Lysophosphatidic acid</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphingosine-1-phosphate&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Mendelson_5–9-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mendelson_5–9_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mendelson_5–9_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMendelsonEvansHla2014" class="citation journal cs1">Mendelson K, Evans T, Hla T (1 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3865745">"Sphingosine 1-phosphate signalling"</a>. <i>Development</i>. <b>141</b> (1): 5–9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1242%2Fdev.094805">10.1242/dev.094805</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0950-1991">0950-1991</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3865745">3865745</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24346695">24346695</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Development&rft.atitle=Sphingosine+1-phosphate+signalling&rft.volume=141&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=5-9&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3865745%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0950-1991&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24346695&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1242%2Fdev.094805&rft.aulast=Mendelson&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft.au=Evans%2C+Todd&rft.au=Hla%2C+Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3865745&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphingosine-1-phosphate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpiegelMilstien2007" class="citation journal cs1">Spiegel S, Milstien S (26 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.R600028200">"Functions of the multifaceted family of sphingosine kinases and some close relatives"</a>. <i>The Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. <b>282</b> (4): 2125–2129. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.R600028200">10.1074/jbc.R600028200</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-9258">0021-9258</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17135245">17135245</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Functions+of+the+multifaceted+family+of+sphingosine+kinases+and+some+close+relatives&rft.volume=282&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=2125-2129&rft.date=2007-01-26&rft.issn=0021-9258&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17135245&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1074%2Fjbc.R600028200&rft.aulast=Spiegel&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft.au=Milstien%2C+Sheldon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1074%252Fjbc.R600028200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphingosine-1-phosphate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiuSugiuraNavaEdsall2000" class="citation journal cs1">Liu H, Sugiura M, Nava VE, Edsall LC, Kono K, Poulton S, Milstien S, Kohama T, Spiegel S (30 June 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M002759200">"Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a novel mammalian sphingosine kinase type 2 isoform"</a>. <i>The Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. <b>275</b> (26): 19513–19520. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M002759200">10.1074/jbc.M002759200</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-9258">0021-9258</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10751414">10751414</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Molecular+cloning+and+functional+characterization+of+a+novel+mammalian+sphingosine+kinase+type+2+isoform&rft.volume=275&rft.issue=26&rft.pages=19513-19520&rft.date=2000-06-30&rft.issn=0021-9258&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10751414&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1074%2Fjbc.M002759200&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.au=Sugiura%2C+M.&rft.au=Nava%2C+V.+E.&rft.au=Edsall%2C+L.+C.&rft.au=Kono%2C+K.&rft.au=Poulton%2C+S.&rft.au=Milstien%2C+S.&rft.au=Kohama%2C+T.&rft.au=Spiegel%2C+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1074%252Fjbc.M002759200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphingosine-1-phosphate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaceykaSankalaHaitLe_Stunff2005" class="citation journal cs1">Maceyka M, Sankala H, Hait NC, Le Stunff H, Liu H, Toman R, Collier C, Zhang M, Satin LS, Merrill AH, Milstien S (4 November 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M502207200">"SphK1 and SphK2, sphingosine kinase isoenzymes with opposing functions in sphingolipid metabolism"</a>. <i>The Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>. <b>280</b> (44): 37118–37129. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M502207200">10.1074/jbc.M502207200</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-9258">0021-9258</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16118219">16118219</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=SphK1+and+SphK2%2C+sphingosine+kinase+isoenzymes+with+opposing+functions+in+sphingolipid+metabolism&rft.volume=280&rft.issue=44&rft.pages=37118-37129&rft.date=2005-11-04&rft.issn=0021-9258&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16118219&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1074%2Fjbc.M502207200&rft.aulast=Maceyka&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Sankala%2C+Heidi&rft.au=Hait%2C+Nitai+C.&rft.au=Le+Stunff%2C+Herv%C3%A9&rft.au=Liu%2C+Hong&rft.au=Toman%2C+Rachelle&rft.au=Collier%2C+Claiborne&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Min&rft.au=Satin%2C+Leslie+S.&rft.au=Merrill%2C+Alfred+H.&rft.au=Milstien%2C+Sheldon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1074%252Fjbc.M502207200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphingosine-1-phosphate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiuChakravartyMaceykaMilstien2002" class="citation journal cs1">Liu H, Chakravarty D, Maceyka M, Milstien S, Spiegel S (2002). "Sphingosine kinases: a novel family of lipid kinases". <i>Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology</i>. <b>71</b>: 493–511. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0079-6603%2802%2971049-0">10.1016/s0079-6603(02)71049-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780125400718" title="Special:BookSources/9780125400718"><bdi>9780125400718</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0079-6603">0079-6603</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12102559">12102559</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+Nucleic+Acid+Research+and+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=Sphingosine+kinases%3A+a+novel+family+of+lipid+kinases&rft.volume=71&rft.pages=493-511&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0079-6603%2802%2971049-0&rft.issn=0079-6603&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12102559&rft.isbn=9780125400718&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Hong&rft.au=Chakravarty%2C+Debyani&rft.au=Maceyka%2C+Michael&rft.au=Milstien%2C+Sheldon&rft.au=Spiegel%2C+Sarah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphingosine-1-phosphate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEscarcegaMcCulloughTsvetkov2021" class="citation journal cs1">Escarcega RD, McCullough LD, Tsvetkov AS (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8160245">"The Functional Role of Sphingosine Kinase 2"</a>. <i>Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences</i>. <b>8</b>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffmolb.2021.683767">10.3389/fmolb.2021.683767</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8160245">8160245</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34055895">34055895</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Molecular+Biosciences&rft.atitle=The+Functional+Role+of+Sphingosine+Kinase+2&rft.volume=8&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8160245%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34055895&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3389%2Ffmolb.2021.683767&rft.aulast=Escarcega&rft.aufirst=Rocio+Diaz&rft.au=McCullough%2C+Louise+D.&rft.au=Tsvetkov%2C+Andrey+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8160245&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphingosine-1-phosphate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrubPaillardLiangGomez2011" class="citation journal cs1">Strub GM, Paillard M, Liang J, Gomez L, Allegood JC, Hait NC, Maceyka M, Price MM, Chen Q, Simpson DC, Kordula T (February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3023391">"Sphingosine-1-phosphate produced by sphingosine kinase 2 in mitochondria interacts with prohibitin 2 to regulate complex IV assembly and respiration"</a>. <i>FASEB Journal</i>. <b>25</b> (2): 600–612. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1096%2Ffj.10-167502">10.1096/fj.10-167502</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1530-6860">1530-6860</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3023391">3023391</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20959514">20959514</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FASEB+Journal&rft.atitle=Sphingosine-1-phosphate+produced+by+sphingosine+kinase+2+in+mitochondria+interacts+with+prohibitin+2+to+regulate+complex+IV+assembly+and+respiration&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=600-612&rft.date=2011-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3023391%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1530-6860&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20959514&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1096%2Ffj.10-167502&rft.aulast=Strub&rft.aufirst=Graham+M.&rft.au=Paillard%2C+Melanie&rft.au=Liang%2C+Jie&rft.au=Gomez%2C+Ludovic&rft.au=Allegood%2C+Jeremy+C.&rft.au=Hait%2C+Nitai+C.&rft.au=Maceyka%2C+Michael&rft.au=Price%2C+Megan+M.&rft.au=Chen%2C+Qun&rft.au=Simpson%2C+David+C.&rft.au=Kordula%2C+Tomasz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3023391&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphingosine-1-phosphate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdamsPynePyne2016" class="citation journal cs1">Adams DR, Pyne S, Pyne NJ (May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/55993/1/Adams_etal_TIBS_2016_Sphingosine_kinases_emerging_structure_function.pdf">"Sphingosine Kinases: Emerging Structure-Function Insights"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Trends in Biochemical Sciences</i>. <b>41</b> (5): 395–409. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tibs.2016.02.007">10.1016/j.tibs.2016.02.007</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0968-0004">0968-0004</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27021309">27021309</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Biochemical+Sciences&rft.atitle=Sphingosine+Kinases%3A+Emerging+Structure-Function+Insights&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=395-409&rft.date=2016-05&rft.issn=0968-0004&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27021309&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.tibs.2016.02.007&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=David+R.&rft.au=Pyne%2C+Susan&rft.au=Pyne%2C+Nigel+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstrathprints.strath.ac.uk%2F55993%2F1%2FAdams_etal_TIBS_2016_Sphingosine_kinases_emerging_structure_function.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphingosine-1-phosphate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFukudaKiharaIgarashi2003" class="citation journal cs1">Fukuda Y, Kihara A, Igarashi Y (12 September 2003). "Distribution of sphingosine kinase activity in mouse tissues: contribution of SPHK1". <i>Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications</i>. <b>309</b> (1): 155–160. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0006-291x%2803%2901551-1">10.1016/s0006-291x(03)01551-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-291X">0006-291X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12943676">12943676</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+Biophysical+Research+Communications&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+sphingosine+kinase+activity+in+mouse+tissues%3A+contribution+of+SPHK1&rft.volume=309&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=155-160&rft.date=2003-09-12&rft.issn=0006-291X&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12943676&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0006-291x%2803%2901551-1&rft.aulast=Fukuda&rft.aufirst=Yu&rft.au=Kihara%2C+Akio&rft.au=Igarashi%2C+Yasuyuki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphingosine-1-phosphate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSattlerLevkau2009" class="citation journal cs1">Sattler K, Levkau B (May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fcvr%2Fcvp070">"Sphingosine-1-phosphate as a mediator of high-density lipoprotein effects in cardiovascular protection"</a>. <i>Cardiovascular Research</i>. <b>82</b> (2): 201–11. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fcvr%2Fcvp070">10.1093/cvr/cvp070</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19233866">19233866</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cardiovascular+Research&rft.atitle=Sphingosine-1-phosphate+as+a+mediator+of+high-density+lipoprotein+effects+in+cardiovascular+protection&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=201-11&rft.date=2009-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fcvr%2Fcvp070&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19233866&rft.aulast=Sattler&rft.aufirst=K&rft.au=Levkau%2C+B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fcvr%252Fcvp070&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphingosine-1-phosphate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolenzScipioneHydukAlthagafi2024" class="citation journal cs1">Polenz CK, Scipione CA, Hyduk SJ, Althagafi MG, Ibrahim HM, Cybulsky MI (April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/ATVBAHA.123.320227">"Plasma S1P Orchestrates the Reverse Transendothelial Migration of Aortic Intimal Myeloid Cells in Mice"</a>. <i>Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology</i>. <b>44</b> (4): 883–897. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1161%2FATVBAHA.123.320227">10.1161/ATVBAHA.123.320227</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1079-5642">1079-5642</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arteriosclerosis%2C+Thrombosis%2C+and+Vascular+Biology&rft.atitle=Plasma+S1P+Orchestrates+the+Reverse+Transendothelial+Migration+of+Aortic+Intimal+Myeloid+Cells+in+Mice&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=883-897&rft.date=2024-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1161%2FATVBAHA.123.320227&rft.issn=1079-5642&rft.aulast=Polenz&rft.aufirst=Chanele+K.&rft.au=Scipione%2C+Corey+A.&rft.au=Hyduk%2C+Sharon+J.&rft.au=Althagafi%2C+Marwan+G.&rft.au=Ibrahim%2C+Hisham+M.&rft.au=Cybulsky%2C+Myron+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahajournals.org%2Fdoi%2F10.1161%2FATVBAHA.123.320227&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphingosine-1-phosphate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharma,_N2013" class="citation journal cs1">Sharma, N, et al. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1189%2Fjlb.0712328">"Sphingosine-1-phosphate suppresses TLR-induced CXCL8 secretion from human T cells"</a>. <i>J Leukoc Biol</i>. <b>93</b> (4): 521–528. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1189%2Fjlb.0712328">10.1189/jlb.0712328</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23345392">23345392</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+Leukoc+Biol&rft.atitle=Sphingosine-1-phosphate+suppresses+TLR-induced+CXCL8+secretion+from+human+T+cells.&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=521-528&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1189%2Fjlb.0712328&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23345392&rft.au=Sharma%2C+N&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1189%252Fjlb.0712328&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphingosine-1-phosphate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWang,_D2008" class="citation journal cs1">Wang, D, et al. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2649755">"S1P differentially regulates migration of human ovarian cancer and human ovarian surface epithelial cells"</a>. <i>Mol Cancer Ther</i>. <b>7</b> (7): 1993–2002. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1158%2F1535-7163.MCT-08-0088">10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-08-0088</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2649755">2649755</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18645009">18645009</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mol+Cancer+Ther&rft.atitle=S1P+differentially+regulates+migration+of+human+ovarian+cancer+and+human+ovarian+surface+epithelial+cells.&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=1993-2002&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2649755%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18645009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1158%2F1535-7163.MCT-08-0088&rft.au=Wang%2C+D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2649755&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphingosine-1-phosphate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoczkowska-RadziwonChabowskaBlachnio-ZabielskaLukaszuk2015" class="citation journal cs1">Boczkowska-Radziwon B, Chabowska AM, Blachnio-Zabielska A, Lukaszuk B, Lipska A, Chabowski A, Radziwon P (April 2015). "Ozonation of human blood increases sphingosine-1-phosphate in plasma". <i>Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology</i>. <b>66</b> (2): 267–72. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25903957">25903957</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Physiology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Ozonation+of+human+blood+increases+sphingosine-1-phosphate+in+plasma.&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=267-72&rft.date=2015-04&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25903957&rft.aulast=Boczkowska-Radziwon&rft.aufirst=B&rft.au=Chabowska%2C+AM&rft.au=Blachnio-Zabielska%2C+A&rft.au=Lukaszuk%2C+B&rft.au=Lipska%2C+A&rft.au=Chabowski%2C+A&rft.au=Radziwon%2C+P&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphingosine-1-phosphate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManggauKimRuwisch2001" class="citation journal cs1">Manggau M, Kim DS, Ruwisch L, et al. (November 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.0022-202x.2001.01496.x">"1Alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 protects human keratinocytes from apoptosis by the formation of sphingosine-1-phosphate"</a>. <i>The Journal of Investigative Dermatology</i>. <b>117</b> (5): 1241–9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.0022-202x.2001.01496.x">10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01496.x</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11710939">11710939</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Investigative+Dermatology&rft.atitle=1Alpha%2C25-dihydroxyvitamin+D3+protects+human+keratinocytes+from+apoptosis+by+the+formation+of+sphingosine-1-phosphate&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1241-9&rft.date=2001-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1046%2Fj.0022-202x.2001.01496.x&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11710939&rft.aulast=Manggau&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Kim%2C+DS&rft.au=Ruwisch%2C+L&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1046%252Fj.0022-202x.2001.01496.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphingosine-1-phosphate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morita2000-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Morita2000_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morita2000_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoritaPerezParis2000" class="citation journal cs1">Morita Y, Perez GI, Paris F, et al. (October 2000). "Oocyte apoptosis is suppressed by disruption of the acid sphingomyelinase gene or by sphingosine-1-phosphate therapy". <i>Nature Medicine</i>. <b>6</b> (10): 1109–14. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F80442">10.1038/80442</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11017141">11017141</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:33216920">33216920</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Medicine&rft.atitle=Oocyte+apoptosis+is+suppressed+by+disruption+of+the+acid+sphingomyelinase+gene+or+by+sphingosine-1-phosphate+therapy&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=1109-14&rft.date=2000-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A33216920%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11017141&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F80442&rft.aulast=Morita&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.au=Perez%2C+GI&rft.au=Paris%2C+F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphingosine-1-phosphate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJurisicovaLeeD'EstaingTilly2006" class="citation journal cs1">Jurisicova A, Lee HJ, D'Estaing SG, Tilly J, Perez GI (September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.cdd.4401819">"Molecular requirements for doxorubicin-mediated death in murine oocytes"</a>. <i>Cell Death and Differentiation</i>. <b>13</b> (9): 1466–74. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.cdd.4401819">10.1038/sj.cdd.4401819</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16439991">16439991</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell+Death+and+Differentiation&rft.atitle=Molecular+requirements+for+doxorubicin-mediated+death+in+murine+oocytes&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=1466-74&rft.date=2006-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fsj.cdd.4401819&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16439991&rft.aulast=Jurisicova&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Lee%2C+HJ&rft.au=D%27Estaing%2C+SG&rft.au=Tilly%2C+J&rft.au=Perez%2C+GI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252Fsj.cdd.4401819&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphingosine-1-phosphate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerezKnudson,_C._MichaelLeykin,_LucyKorsmeyer,_Stanley_J.1997" class="citation journal cs1">Perez GI, Knudson, C. Michael, Leykin, Lucy, Korsmeyer, Stanley J., Tilly, Jonathan L. (1 November 1997). "Apoptosis-associated signaling pathways are required for chemotherapy-mediated female germ cell destruction". <i>Nature Medicine</i>. <b>3</b> (11): 1228–1232. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnm1197-1228">10.1038/nm1197-1228</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9359697">9359697</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:32735595">32735595</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Medicine&rft.atitle=Apoptosis-associated+signaling+pathways+are+required+for+chemotherapy-mediated+female+germ+cell+destruction&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=1228-1232&rft.date=1997-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A32735595%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9359697&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnm1197-1228&rft.aulast=Perez&rft.aufirst=Gloria+I.&rft.au=Knudson%2C+C.+Michael&rft.au=Leykin%2C+Lucy&rft.au=Korsmeyer%2C+Stanley+J.&rft.au=Tilly%2C+Jonathan+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphingosine-1-phosphate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paris_2002_901–2-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Paris_2002_901–2_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paris_2002_901–2_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParisPerezFuks2002" class="citation journal cs1">Paris F, Perez GI, Fuks Z, et al. (September 2002). "Sphingosine 1-phosphate preserves fertility in irradiated female mice without propagating genomic damage in offspring". <i>Nature Medicine</i>. <b>8</b> (9): 901–2. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnm0902-901">10.1038/nm0902-901</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12205432">12205432</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2647395">2647395</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Medicine&rft.atitle=Sphingosine+1-phosphate+preserves+fertility+in+irradiated+female+mice+without+propagating+genomic+damage+in+offspring&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=901-2&rft.date=2002-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A2647395%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12205432&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnm0902-901&rft.aulast=Paris&rft.aufirst=F&rft.au=Perez%2C+GI&rft.au=Fuks%2C+Z&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphingosine-1-phosphate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKayaDesdiciogluSezik2008" class="citation journal cs1">Kaya H, Desdicioglu R, Sezik M, et al. (March 2008). "Does sphingosine-1-phosphate have a protective effect on cyclophosphamide- and irradiation-induced ovarian damage in the rat model?". <i>Fertility and Sterility</i>. <b>89</b> (3): 732–5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.fertnstert.2007.03.065">10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.03.065</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17517398">17517398</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fertility+and+Sterility&rft.atitle=Does+sphingosine-1-phosphate+have+a+protective+effect+on+cyclophosphamide-+and+irradiation-induced+ovarian+damage+in+the+rat+model%3F&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=732-5&rft.date=2008-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.fertnstert.2007.03.065&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17517398&rft.aulast=Kaya&rft.aufirst=H&rft.au=Desdicioglu%2C+R&rft.au=Sezik%2C+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphingosine-1-phosphate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zelinski2011-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zelinski2011_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zelinski2011_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZelinskiMurphyLawson2011" class="citation journal cs1">Zelinski MB, Murphy MK, Lawson MS, et al. (March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3063448">"In vivo delivery of FTY720 prevents radiation-induced ovarian failure and infertility in adult female nonhuman primates"</a>. <i>Fertility and Sterility</i>. <b>95</b> (4): 1440–5.e1–7. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.fertnstert.2011.01.012">10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.01.012</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3063448">3063448</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21316047">21316047</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fertility+and+Sterility&rft.atitle=In+vivo+delivery+of+FTY720+prevents+radiation-induced+ovarian+failure+and+infertility+in+adult+female+nonhuman+primates&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1440-5.e1-7&rft.date=2011-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3063448%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21316047&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.fertnstert.2011.01.012&rft.aulast=Zelinski&rft.aufirst=MB&rft.au=Murphy%2C+MK&rft.au=Lawson%2C+MS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3063448&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphingosine-1-phosphate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanckeStrauchKisselGöbel2007" class="citation journal cs1">Hancke K, Strauch O, Kissel C, Göbel H, Schäfer W, Denschlag D (January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.fertnstert.2006.06.020">"Sphingosine 1-phosphate protects ovaries from chemotherapy-induced damage in vivo"</a>. <i>Fertility and Sterility</i>. <b>87</b> (1): 172–7. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.fertnstert.2006.06.020">10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.06.020</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17081530">17081530</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fertility+and+Sterility&rft.atitle=Sphingosine+1-phosphate+protects+ovaries+from+chemotherapy-induced+damage+in+vivo&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=172-7&rft.date=2007-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.fertnstert.2006.06.020&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17081530&rft.aulast=Hancke&rft.aufirst=K&rft.au=Strauch%2C+O&rft.au=Kissel%2C+C&rft.au=G%C3%B6bel%2C+H&rft.au=Sch%C3%A4fer%2C+W&rft.au=Denschlag%2C+D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.fertnstert.2006.06.020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphingosine-1-phosphate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFByrneFearsGail1992" class="citation journal cs1">Byrne J, Fears TR, Gail MH, et al. (March 1992). "Early menopause in long-term survivors of cancer during adolescence". <i>American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology</i>. <b>166</b> (3): 788–93. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0002-9378%2892%2991335-8">10.1016/0002-9378(92)91335-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1550144">1550144</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Obstetrics+and+Gynecology&rft.atitle=Early+menopause+in+long-term+survivors+of+cancer+during+adolescence&rft.volume=166&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=788-93&rft.date=1992-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0002-9378%2892%2991335-8&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1550144&rft.aulast=Byrne&rft.aufirst=J&rft.au=Fears%2C+TR&rft.au=Gail%2C+MH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphingosine-1-phosphate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlumenfeld2012" class="citation journal cs1">Blumenfeld Z (1 September 2012). "Preservation of ovarian function and fertility despite gonadotoxic chemotherapy". <i>Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism</i>. <b>7</b> (5): 567–576. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1586%2Feem.12.40">10.1586/eem.12.40</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30780892">30780892</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:59105653">59105653</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Expert+Review+of+Endocrinology+%26+Metabolism&rft.atitle=Preservation+of+ovarian+function+and+fertility+despite+gonadotoxic+chemotherapy&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=567-576&rft.date=2012-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A59105653%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30780892&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1586%2Feem.12.40&rft.aulast=Blumenfeld&rft.aufirst=Zeev&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphingosine-1-phosphate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RonessKalich-Philosoph2014-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RonessKalich-Philosoph2014_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRonessKalich-PhilosophMeirow2014" class="citation journal cs1">Roness H, Kalich-Philosoph L, Meirow D (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fhumupd%2Fdmu019">"Prevention of chemotherapy-induced ovarian damage: possible roles for hormonal and non-hormonal attenuating agents"</a>. <i>Human Reproduction Update</i>. <b>20</b> (5): 759–774. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fhumupd%2Fdmu019">10.1093/humupd/dmu019</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1355-4786">1355-4786</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24833728">24833728</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Reproduction+Update&rft.atitle=Prevention+of+chemotherapy-induced+ovarian+damage%3A+possible+roles+for+hormonal+and+non-hormonal+attenuating+agents&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=759-774&rft.date=2014&rft.issn=1355-4786&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24833728&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fhumupd%2Fdmu019&rft.aulast=Roness&rft.aufirst=H.&rft.au=Kalich-Philosoph%2C+L.&rft.au=Meirow%2C+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fhumupd%252Fdmu019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphingosine-1-phosphate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190106044930/http://www.cancernetwork.com/renal-cell-carcinoma/sonepcizumab-failed-pfs-endpoint-had-promising-os-metastatic-rcc">"Sonepcizumab Failed PFS Endpoint, but Had Promising OS, in Metastatic RCC"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cancernetwork.com/renal-cell-carcinoma/sonepcizumab-failed-pfs-endpoint-had-promising-os-metastatic-rcc">the original</a> on 6 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sonepcizumab+Failed+PFS+Endpoint%2C+but+Had+Promising+OS%2C+in+Metastatic+RCC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cancernetwork.com%2Frenal-cell-carcinoma%2Fsonepcizumab-failed-pfs-endpoint-had-promising-os-metastatic-rcc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphingosine-1-phosphate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00661414">Safety Study of ASONEP (Sonepcizumab/LT1009) to Treat Advanced Solid Tumors (ASONEP)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00767949">Safety Study of iSONEP (Sonepcizumab/LT1009) to Treat Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaumrucker,_T2007" class="citation journal cs1">Baumrucker, T, et al. (2007). "FTY720, an immunomodulatory sphingolipid mimetic: translation of a novel mechanism into clinical benefit in multiple sclerosis". <i>Expert Opin Investig Drugs</i>. <b>16</b> (3): 283–289. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1517%2F13543784.16.3.283">10.1517/13543784.16.3.283</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17302523">17302523</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:23289454">23289454</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Expert+Opin+Investig+Drugs&rft.atitle=FTY720%2C+an+immunomodulatory+sphingolipid+mimetic%3A+translation+of+a+novel+mechanism+into+clinical+benefit+in+multiple+sclerosis.&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=283-289&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A23289454%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17302523&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1517%2F13543784.16.3.283&rft.au=Baumrucker%2C+T&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphingosine-1-phosphate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKapposRadueO'Connor2010" class="citation journal cs1">Kappos L, Radue EW, O'Connor P, et al. (February 2010). "A placebo-controlled trial of oral fingolimod in relapsing multiple sclerosis". <i>The New England Journal of Medicine</i>. <b>362</b> (5): 387–401. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1056%2FNEJMoa0909494">10.1056/NEJMoa0909494</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11858%2F00-001M-0000-0012-1FF5-A">11858/00-001M-0000-0012-1FF5-A</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20089952">20089952</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=A+placebo-controlled+trial+of+oral+fingolimod+in+relapsing+multiple+sclerosis&rft.volume=362&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=387-401&rft.date=2010-02&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11858%2F00-001M-0000-0012-1FF5-A&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20089952&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1056%2FNEJMoa0909494&rft.aulast=Kappos&rft.aufirst=L&rft.au=Radue%2C+EW&rft.au=O%27Connor%2C+P&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphingosine-1-phosphate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohenBarkhofComi2010" class="citation journal cs1">Cohen JA, Barkhof F, Comi G, et al. (February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1056%2FNEJMoa0907839">"Oral fingolimod or intramuscular interferon for relapsing multiple sclerosis"</a>. <i>The New England Journal of Medicine</i>. <b>362</b> (5): 402–15. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1056%2FNEJMoa0907839">10.1056/NEJMoa0907839</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2078.1%2F124998">2078.1/124998</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20089954">20089954</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Oral+fingolimod+or+intramuscular+interferon+for+relapsing+multiple+sclerosis&rft.volume=362&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=402-15&rft.date=2010-02&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2078.1%2F124998&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20089954&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1056%2FNEJMoa0907839&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.au=Barkhof%2C+F&rft.au=Comi%2C+G&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1056%252FNEJMoa0907839&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphingosine-1-phosphate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid15761190-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid15761190_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBolickSrinivasanKim2005" class="citation journal cs1">Bolick DT, Srinivasan S, Kim KW, et al. (May 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1161%2F01.ATV.0000162171.30089.f6">"Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Prevents Tumor Necrosis Factor-α–Mediated Monocyte Adhesion to Aortic Endothelium in Mice"</a>. <i>Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology</i>. <b>25</b> (5): 976–81. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1161%2F01.ATV.0000162171.30089.f6">10.1161/01.ATV.0000162171.30089.f6</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15761190">15761190</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arteriosclerosis%2C+Thrombosis%2C+and+Vascular+Biology&rft.atitle=Sphingosine-1-Phosphate+Prevents+Tumor+Necrosis+Factor-%CE%B1%E2%80%93Mediated+Monocyte+Adhesion+to+Aortic+Endothelium+in+Mice&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=976-81&rft.date=2005-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1161%2F01.ATV.0000162171.30089.f6&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15761190&rft.aulast=Bolick&rft.aufirst=DT&rft.au=Srinivasan%2C+S&rft.au=Kim%2C+KW&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1161%252F01.ATV.0000162171.30089.f6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphingosine-1-phosphate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid16960101-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid16960101_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhetzelBolickSrinivasan2006" class="citation journal cs1">Whetzel AM, Bolick DT, Srinivasan S, et al. (September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1161%2F01.RES.0000244088.33375.52">"Sphingosine-1 phosphate prevents monocyte/endothelial interactions in type 1 diabetic NOD mice through activation of the S1P1 receptor"</a>. <i>Circulation Research</i>. <b>99</b> (7): 731–9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1161%2F01.RES.0000244088.33375.52">10.1161/01.RES.0000244088.33375.52</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16960101">16960101</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Circulation+Research&rft.atitle=Sphingosine-1+phosphate+prevents+monocyte%2Fendothelial+interactions+in+type+1+diabetic+NOD+mice+through+activation+of+the+S1P1+receptor&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=731-9&rft.date=2006-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1161%2F01.RES.0000244088.33375.52&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16960101&rft.aulast=Whetzel&rft.aufirst=AM&rft.au=Bolick%2C+DT&rft.au=Srinivasan%2C+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1161%252F01.RES.0000244088.33375.52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphingosine-1-phosphate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandbornVermeirePeyrin-BirouletDubinsky2023" class="citation journal cs1">Sandborn WJ, Vermeire S, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Dubinsky MC, Panes J, Yarur A, Ritter T, Baert F, Schreiber S, Sloan S, Cataldi F, Shan K, Rabbat CJ, Chiorean M, Wolf DC, Sands BE, D'Haens G, Danese S, Goetsch M, Feagan BG (April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2823%2900061-2">"Etrasimod as induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis (ELEVATE): two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 studies"</a>. <i>The Lancet</i>. <b>401</b> (10383): 1159–1171. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2823%2900061-2">10.1016/S0140-6736(23)00061-2</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36871574">36871574</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Lancet&rft.atitle=Etrasimod+as+induction+and+maintenance+therapy+for+ulcerative+colitis+%28ELEVATE%29%3A+two+randomised%2C+double-blind%2C+placebo-controlled%2C+phase+3+studies&rft.volume=401&rft.issue=10383&rft.pages=1159-1171&rft.date=2023-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2823%2900061-2&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F36871574&rft.aulast=Sandborn&rft.aufirst=William+J&rft.au=Vermeire%2C+S%C3%A9verine&rft.au=Peyrin-Biroulet%2C+Laurent&rft.au=Dubinsky%2C+Marla+C&rft.au=Panes%2C+Julian&rft.au=Yarur%2C+Andres&rft.au=Ritter%2C+Timothy&rft.au=Baert%2C+Filip&rft.au=Schreiber%2C+Stefan&rft.au=Sloan%2C+Sheldon&rft.au=Cataldi%2C+Fabio&rft.au=Shan%2C+Kevin&rft.au=Rabbat%2C+Christopher+J&rft.au=Chiorean%2C+Michael&rft.au=Wolf%2C+Douglas+C&rft.au=Sands%2C+Bruce+E&rft.au=D%27Haens%2C+Geert&rft.au=Danese%2C+Silvio&rft.au=Goetsch%2C+Martina&rft.au=Feagan%2C+Brian+G&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252FS0140-6736%252823%252900061-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphingosine-1-phosphate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scott2016-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Scott2016_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScottClemonsBrooksBrahmachary2016" class="citation journal cs1">Scott FL, Clemons B, Brooks J, Brahmachary E, Powell R, Dedman H, Desale HG, Timony GA, Martinborough E (1 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4867749">"Ozanimod (RPC1063) is a potent sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1P1) and receptor-5 (S1P5) agonist with autoimmune disease-modifying activity"</a>. <i>British Journal of Pharmacology</i>. <b>173</b> (11): 1778–1792. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fbph.13476">10.1111/bph.13476</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1476-5381">1476-5381</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4867749">4867749</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26990079">26990079</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Ozanimod+%28RPC1063%29+is+a+potent+sphingosine-1-phosphate+receptor-1+%28S1P1%29+and+receptor-5+%28S1P5%29+agonist+with+autoimmune+disease-modifying+activity&rft.volume=173&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=1778-1792&rft.date=2016-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4867749%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1476-5381&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26990079&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fbph.13476&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=F+L&rft.au=Clemons%2C+B&rft.au=Brooks%2C+J&rft.au=Brahmachary%2C+E&rft.au=Powell%2C+R&rft.au=Dedman%2C+H&rft.au=Desale%2C+H+G&rft.au=Timony%2C+G+A&rft.au=Martinborough%2C+E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4867749&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphingosine-1-phosphate" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medpagetoday.com/mastery-of-medicine/neurology-mastery-in-ms/63536">New Frontiers in S1P Modulators. March 2017</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphingosine-1-phosphate&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeeVan_BrocklynThangada1998" class="citation journal cs1">Lee MJ, Van Brocklyn JR, Thangada S, et al. (March 1998). "Sphingosine-1-phosphate as a ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor EDG-1". <i>Science</i>. <b>279</b> (5356): 1552–5. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998Sci...279.1552L">1998Sci...279.1552L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.279.5356.1552">10.1126/science.279.5356.1552</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9488656">9488656</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Sphingosine-1-phosphate+as+a+ligand+for+the+G+protein-coupled+receptor+EDG-1&rft.volume=279&rft.issue=5356&rft.pages=1552-5&rft.date=1998-03&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9488656&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.279.5356.1552&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1998Sci...279.1552L&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.au=Van+Brocklyn%2C+JR&rft.au=Thangada%2C+S&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphingosine-1-phosphate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBollag_WB2003" class="citation journal cs1">Bollag WB (April 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1523-1747.2003.12116.x">"Paradoxical effects of sphingosine-1-phosphate"</a>. <i>The Journal of Investigative Dermatology</i>. <b>120</b> (4): xiii–xiv. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1523-1747.2003.12116.x">10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12116.x</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12648243">12648243</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Investigative+Dermatology&rft.atitle=Paradoxical+effects+of+sphingosine-1-phosphate&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=xiii-xiv&rft.date=2003-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1046%2Fj.1523-1747.2003.12116.x&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12648243&rft.au=Bollag+WB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1046%252Fj.1523-1747.2003.12116.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphingosine-1-phosphate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVoglerSauerKimSchäfer-Korting2003" class="citation journal cs1">Vogler R, Sauer B, Kim DS, Schäfer-Korting M, Kleuser B (April 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1523-1747.2003.12096.x">"Sphingosine-1-phosphate and its potentially paradoxical effects on critical parameters of cutaneous wound healing"</a>. <i>The Journal of Investigative Dermatology</i>. <b>120</b> (4): 693–700. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1523-1747.2003.12096.x">10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12096.x</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12648236">12648236</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Investigative+Dermatology&rft.atitle=Sphingosine-1-phosphate+and+its+potentially+paradoxical+effects+on+critical+parameters+of+cutaneous+wound+healing&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=693-700&rft.date=2003-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1046%2Fj.1523-1747.2003.12096.x&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12648236&rft.aulast=Vogler&rft.aufirst=R&rft.au=Sauer%2C+B&rft.au=Kim%2C+DS&rft.au=Sch%C3%A4fer-Korting%2C+M&rft.au=Kleuser%2C+B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1046%252Fj.1523-1747.2003.12096.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphingosine-1-phosphate" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pharmaceutical-int.com/news/ms-drug-ono-4641-slows-brain-legions-by-92.html">MS Drug ONO-4641 Slows Brain Legions By 92%</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphingosine-1-phosphate&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFXieShenDongRashid2009" class="citation journal cs1">Xie B, Shen J, Dong A, Rashid A, Stoller G, Campochiaro PA (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2905312">"Blockade of Sphingosine-1-phosphate Reduces Macrophage Influx and Retinal and Choroidal Neovascularization"</a>. <i>Journal of Cellular Physiology</i>. <b>218</b> (1): 192–198. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjcp.21588">10.1002/jcp.21588</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2905312">2905312</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18781584">18781584</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cellular+Physiology&rft.atitle=Blockade+of+Sphingosine-1-phosphate+Reduces+Macrophage+Influx+and+Retinal+and+Choroidal+Neovascularization&rft.volume=218&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=192-198&rft.date=2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2905312%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18781584&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fjcp.21588&rft.aulast=Xie&rft.aufirst=B.&rft.au=Shen%2C+J.&rft.au=Dong%2C+A.&rft.au=Rashid%2C+A.&rft.au=Stoller%2C+G.&rft.au=Campochiaro%2C+P.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2905312&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASphingosine-1-phosphate" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cell_signaling:_lipid_signaling" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lipid_signaling" title="Template:Lipid signaling"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lipid_signaling" title="Template talk:Lipid signaling"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lipid_signaling" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lipid signaling"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cell_signaling:_lipid_signaling" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cell_signaling" title="Cell signaling">Cell signaling</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lipid_signaling" title="Lipid signaling">lipid signaling</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Extracellular</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>Eicosanoids</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Classic:</i> <a href="/wiki/Eoxin" title="Eoxin">Eoxins</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leukotriene" title="Leukotriene">Leukotrienes</a> (<a href="/wiki/Leukotriene_receptor" title="Leukotriene receptor">LTR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostacyclin" title="Prostacyclin">Prostacyclin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prostacyclin_receptor" title="Prostacyclin receptor">IPR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin" title="Prostaglandin">Prostaglandins</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_receptor" title="Prostaglandin receptor">PGR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thromboxane" title="Thromboxane">Thromboxane</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thromboxane_receptor" title="Thromboxane receptor">TXR</a>)</li> <li><i>Nonclassic:</i> <a href="/wiki/Epoxyeicosatrienoic_acid" title="Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid">EETs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endocannabinoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Endocannabinoid">Endocannabinoids</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid_receptor" title="Cannabinoid receptor">CBR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epi-lipoxin" title="Epi-lipoxin">Epi-lipoxins</a> (<a href="/wiki/Formyl_peptide_receptor_2" title="Formyl peptide receptor 2">FPR2</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepoxilin" title="Hepoxilin">Hepoxilins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoprostane" title="Isoprostane">Isoprostanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipoxin" title="Lipoxin">Lipoxins</a> (<a href="/wiki/Formyl_peptide_receptor_2" title="Formyl peptide receptor 2">FPR2</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxoeicosanoid" title="Oxoeicosanoid">Oxoeicosanoids</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oxoeicosanoid_receptor" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxoeicosanoid receptor">OXER</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resolvin" title="Resolvin">Resolvins</a> (<a href="/wiki/Formyl_peptide_receptor_2" title="Formyl peptide receptor 2">FPR2</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>Lysophospholipids</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lysophosphatidic_acid" title="Lysophosphatidic acid">LPA</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lysophosphatidic_acid_receptor" title="Lysophosphatidic acid receptor">LPAR</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">S1P</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sphingosine-1-phosphate_receptor" title="Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor">S1PR</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>Steroids</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bile_acid" title="Bile acid">Bile acids</a> (<a href="/wiki/G_protein-coupled_bile_acid_receptor" title="G protein-coupled bile acid receptor">GPBAR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurosteroid" title="Neurosteroid">Neurosteroids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pheromone" title="Pheromone">Pheromones</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vomeronasal_receptor" title="Vomeronasal receptor">VNR</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>Others</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Platelet-activating_factor" title="Platelet-activating factor">PAF</a> (<a href="/wiki/Platelet-activating_factor_receptor" title="Platelet-activating factor receptor">PAFR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retinal" title="Retinal">Retinal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rhodopsin" title="Rhodopsin">RHO</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Intracellular</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_receptor" title="Nuclear receptor">Nuclear receptor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Steroids:</i> <i>Sex steroids:</i> <a href="/wiki/Androgen" title="Androgen">Androgens</a> (<a href="/wiki/Androgen_receptor" title="Androgen receptor">AR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrogen" title="Estrogen">Estrogens</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estrogen_receptor" title="Estrogen receptor">ER</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progestogen" title="Progestogen">Progestogens</a> (<a href="/wiki/Progesterone_receptor" title="Progesterone receptor">PR</a>); <i>Corticosteroids:</i> <a href="/wiki/Glucocorticoid" title="Glucocorticoid">Glucocorticoids</a> (<a href="/wiki/Glucocorticoid_receptor" title="Glucocorticoid receptor">GR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineralocorticoid" title="Mineralocorticoid">Mineralocorticoids</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mineralocorticoid_receptor" title="Mineralocorticoid receptor">MR</a>); <i>Others:</i> <a href="/wiki/Bile_acid" title="Bile acid">Bile acids</a> (<a href="/wiki/Farnesoid_X_receptor" title="Farnesoid X receptor">FXR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcitriol" title="Calcitriol">Calcitriol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vitamin_D_receptor" title="Vitamin D receptor">VDR</a>); <i>Others:</i> <a href="/wiki/Eicosanoid" title="Eicosanoid">Eicosanoids</a> (<a href="/wiki/Peroxisome_proliferator-activated_receptor" title="Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor">PPAR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_fatty_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Free fatty acid">Free fatty acids</a> (<a href="/wiki/Peroxisome_proliferator-activated_receptor" title="Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor">PPAR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retinoic_acid" title="Retinoic acid">Retinoic acid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Retinoic_acid_receptor" title="Retinoic acid receptor">RAR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Retinoid_X_receptor" title="Retinoid X receptor">RXR</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Second_messenger_system" title="Second messenger system">Second messenger</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>General:</i> <a href="/wiki/Arachidonic_acid" title="Arachidonic acid">Arachidonic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diacylglycerol" class="mw-redirect" title="Diacylglycerol">DAG</a> (<a href="/wiki/Protein_kinase_C" title="Protein kinase C">PKC</a>, <a href="/wiki/TRPC" title="TRPC">TRPC</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inositol_trisphosphate" title="Inositol trisphosphate">IP<sub>3</sub></a> (<a href="/wiki/Inositol_trisphosphate_receptor" title="Inositol trisphosphate receptor">IP<sub>3</sub>R</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryanodine_receptor" title="Ryanodine receptor">RyR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphatidic_acid" title="Phosphatidic acid">Phosphatidic acid</a></li> <li><i>Phosphoinositides:</i> <a href="/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_4,5-bisphosphate" title="Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate">PIP<sub>2</sub></a> (<a href="/wiki/Inward-rectifier_potassium_ion_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Inward-rectifier potassium ion channel">IRKs</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_(3,4,5)-trisphosphate" title="Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate">PIP<sub>3</sub></a> (<a href="/wiki/Protein_kinase_B" title="Protein kinase B">PKB/Akt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bruton%27s_tyrosine_kinase" title="Bruton's tyrosine kinase">Btk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phosphoinositide-dependent_kinase-1" title="Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1">PDPK1</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_3,4-bisphosphate" title="Phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate">PtdIns(3,4)P<sub>2</sub></a> (<a href="/wiki/Protein_kinase_B" title="Protein kinase B">PKB/Akt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phosphoinositide-dependent_kinase-1" title="Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1">PDPK1</a>); <i>Sphingolipids:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceramide-1-phosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ceramide-1-phosphate (page does not exist)">C1P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceramide" title="Ceramide">Ceramide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ceramide-activated_protein_phosphatase" title="Ceramide-activated protein phosphatase">CAPPs</a>, <a href="/wiki/KSR1" title="KSR1">KSR1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protein_kinase_C_zeta_type" title="Protein kinase C zeta type">PKCζ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cathepsin_D" title="Cathepsin D">CTSD</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glucosylceramide" class="mw-redirect" title="Glucosylceramide">Glucosylceramides</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">S1P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphingosine" title="Sphingosine">Sphingosine</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphingosine-dependent_protein_kinase_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sphingosine-dependent protein kinase 1 (page does not exist)">SDK1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Protein_kinase_H&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protein kinase H (page does not exist)">PKH</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yeast_protein_kinase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yeast protein kinase (page does not exist)">YPK</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Precursors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>General</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fatty_acid" title="Fatty acid">Fatty acids</a> (<a href="/wiki/Omega-3_fatty_acid" title="Omega-3 fatty acid">ω-3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Omega-6_fatty_acid" title="Omega-6 fatty acid">ω-6</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>Steroids</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Squalene" title="Squalene">Squalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanosterol" title="Lanosterol">Lanosterol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholesterol" title="Cholesterol">Cholesterol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Glycoconjugates,_lipids,_and_glycolipids:_sphingolipids_and_glycosphingolipids,_and_metabolic_intermediates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sphingolipids" title="Template:Sphingolipids"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sphingolipids" title="Template talk:Sphingolipids"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sphingolipids" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sphingolipids"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Glycoconjugates,_lipids,_and_glycolipids:_sphingolipids_and_glycosphingolipids,_and_metabolic_intermediates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Glycoconjugate" title="Glycoconjugate">Glycoconjugates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid">lipids</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Glycolipid" title="Glycolipid">glycolipids</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sphingolipid" title="Sphingolipid">sphingolipids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glycosphingolipid" title="Glycosphingolipid">glycosphingolipids</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Metabolic_intermediate" title="Metabolic intermediate">metabolic intermediates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Simple glycosphingolipids</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cerebroside" title="Cerebroside">Cerebroside</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galactocerebroside" class="mw-redirect" title="Galactocerebroside">Galactocerebroside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glucocerebroside" title="Glucocerebroside">Glucocerebroside</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfatide" title="Sulfatide">Sulfatide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lactosylceramide" title="Lactosylceramide">Lactosylceramide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Globosides" class="mw-redirect" title="Globosides">Globosides</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Globotriaosylceramide" title="Globotriaosylceramide">Globotriaosylceramide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stage-specific_embryonic_antigen_3" title="Stage-specific embryonic antigen 3">Stage-specific embryonic antigen 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globo_H" title="Globo H">Globo H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forssman_antigen" title="Forssman antigen">Forssman antigen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gangliosides" class="mw-redirect" title="Gangliosides">Gangliosides</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GM1" title="GM1">GM1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GM2_(ganglioside)" title="GM2 (ganglioside)">GM2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GM3" title="GM3">GM3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GD2" title="GD2">GD2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sphingomyelin" title="Sphingomyelin">Sphingomyelin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sphingosine-1-phosphate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lysophospholipid_signaling_modulators" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lysophospholipid_signaling_modulators" title="Template:Lysophospholipid signaling modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lysophospholipid_signaling_modulators" title="Template talk:Lysophospholipid signaling modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lysophospholipid_signaling_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lysophospholipid signaling modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lysophospholipid_signaling_modulators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lysophospholipid" class="mw-redirect" title="Lysophospholipid">Lysophospholipid</a> <a href="/wiki/Cell_signaling" title="Cell signaling">signaling</a> <a href="/wiki/Receptor_modulator" title="Receptor modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Lysophospholipid_receptor" title="Lysophospholipid receptor">Receptor</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Ligand_(biochemistry)" title="Ligand (biochemistry)">ligands</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Lysophosphatidic_acid_receptor" title="Lysophosphatidic acid receptor"><abbr title="Lysophosphatidic acid receptor">LPAR</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Lysophosphatidic acid receptor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=1-Oleoyl-LPA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1-Oleoyl-LPA (page does not exist)">1-Oleoyl-LPA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1-Palmitoyl-LPA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1-Palmitoyl-LPA (page does not exist)">1-Palmitoyl-LPA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GRI-977143&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GRI-977143 (page does not exist)">GRI-977143</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysophosphatidic_acid" title="Lysophosphatidic acid">LPA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OMPT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OMPT (page does not exist)">OMPT</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=H2L-5186303&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H2L-5186303 (page does not exist)">H2L-5186303</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H2L-5765834&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H2L-5765834 (page does not exist)">H2L-5765834</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ki-16425&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ki-16425 (page does not exist)">Ki-16425</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TC-LPA5_4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TC-LPA5 4 (page does not exist)">TC-LPA5 4</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VPC-32183&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VPC-32183 (page does not exist)">VPC-32183</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Sphingosine-1-phosphate_receptor" title="Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor"><abbr title="Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor">S1PR</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Agonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amiselimod&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amiselimod (page does not exist)">Amiselimod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenerimod" title="Cenerimod">Cenerimod</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceralifimod&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ceralifimod (page does not exist)">Ceralifimod</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CS-2100&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CS-2100 (page does not exist)">CS-2100</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CYM-5442&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CYM-5442 (page does not exist)">CYM-5442</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CYM-5520&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CYM-5520 (page does not exist)">CYM-5520</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CYM_5541&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CYM 5541 (page does not exist)">CYM 5541</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CYM-50260&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CYM-50260 (page does not exist)">CYM-50260</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CYM-50308&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CYM-50308 (page does not exist)">CYM-50308</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphinganine_1-phosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sphinganine 1-phosphate (page does not exist)">Dihydro-S1P (sphinganine 1-phosphate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fingolimod" title="Fingolimod">Fingolimod</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fingolimod_phosphate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fingolimod phosphate (page does not exist)">Fingolimod phosphate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KRP-203&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KRP-203 (page does not exist)">KRP-203</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mocravimod&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mocravimod (page does not exist)">Mocravimod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozanimod" title="Ozanimod">Ozanimod</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phyto-S1P&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phyto-S1P (page does not exist)">Phyto-S1P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponesimod" title="Ponesimod">Ponesimod</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RP-001&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RP-001 (page does not exist)">RP-001</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RP-002&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RP-002 (page does not exist)">RP-002</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RPC-1063&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RPC-1063 (page does not exist)">RPC-1063</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SEW-2871&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SEW-2871 (page does not exist)">SEW-2871</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siponimod" title="Siponimod">Siponimod</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">S1P</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphingosylphosphorylcholine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sphingosylphosphorylcholine (page does not exist)">SPC</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TC-G_1006&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TC-G 1006 (page does not exist)">TC-G 1006</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TC-SP_14&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TC-SP 14 (page does not exist)">TC-SP 14</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=W-061&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W-061 (page does not exist)">W-061</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=XAX-162&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XAX-162 (page does not exist)">XAX-162</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Antagonists:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=CS-0777&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CS-0777 (page does not exist)">CS-0777</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CYM-50358&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CYM-50358 (page does not exist)">CYM-50358</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=JTE-013&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JTE-013 (page does not exist)">JTE-013</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TY-52156&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TY-52156 (page does not exist)">TY-52156</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=VPC-23019&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="VPC-23019 (page does not exist)">VPC-23019</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=W-146&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W-146 (page does not exist)">W-146</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Unsorted:</i> <a href="/wiki/Etrasimod" title="Etrasimod">Etrasimod</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">Enzyme</a><br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Enzyme_inhibitor" title="Enzyme inhibitor">inhibitors</a>)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Serine_C-palmitoyltransferase" title="Serine C-palmitoyltransferase"><abbr title="Serine C-palmitoyltransferase">SPT</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Serine C-palmitoyltransferase</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myriocin" title="Myriocin">Myriocin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ceramidase" title="Ceramidase">Ceramidase</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceranib_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ceranib 1 (page does not exist)">Ceranib 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleoylethanolamide" title="Oleoylethanolamide">OEA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em;;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Sphingosine_kinase" title="Sphingosine kinase"><abbr title="Sphingosine kinase">SphK</abbr></a><span class="sr-only" style="border: 0; clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0); clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); height: 1px; margin: -1px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0; position: absolute; width: 1px; white-space: nowrap;">Tooltip Sphingosine kinase</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N,N-Dimethylsphingosine" title="N,N-Dimethylsphingosine">N,N-DMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safingol" title="Safingol">Safingol</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SKI_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SKI II (page does not exist)">SKI II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Precursors:</i> <i>LPA:</i> <a href="/wiki/Lysophosphatidylcholine" title="Lysophosphatidylcholine">LPC</a>; <i>S1P:</i> <a href="/wiki/Palmitoyl-CoA" title="Palmitoyl-CoA">Palmitoyl-CoA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serine" title="Serine">Serine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3-Ketosphinganine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3-Ketosphinganine (page does not exist)">3-Ketosphinganine (dehydrosphingosine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydrosphingosine" class="mw-redirect" title="Dihydrosphingosine">Dihydrosphingosine (sphinganine)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dihydroceramide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dihydroceramide (page does not exist)">Dihydroceramide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceramide" title="Ceramide">Ceramide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphingosine" title="Sphingosine">Sphingosine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i><b>See also:</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sphingosine-1-phosphate&oldid=1233621005">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sphingosine-1-phosphate&oldid=1233621005</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sphingolipids" title="Category:Sphingolipids">Sphingolipids</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:ECHA_InfoCard_ID_from_Wikidata" title="Category:ECHA InfoCard ID from Wikidata">ECHA InfoCard ID from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_unverified_chemical_infoboxes" title="Category:Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes">Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Chembox_image_size_set" title="Category:Chembox image size set">Chembox image size set</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2016" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2016">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2017" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2017">Articles with unsourced statements from January 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2017" title="Category:Use dmy dates from April 2017">Use dmy dates from April 2017</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 July 2024, at 02:02<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sphingosine-1-phosphate&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-669b4ddb54-dq2fb","wgBackendResponseTime":179,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.102","walltime":"1.271","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8953,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":253463,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":29750,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":25,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":8,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":176420,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1133.494 1 -total"," 35.75% 405.188 1 Template:Chembox"," 29.75% 337.188 1 Template:Reflist"," 27.89% 316.081 36 Template:Cite_journal"," 25.83% 292.730 1 Template:Chembox_Identifiers"," 13.98% 158.443 3 Template:Chembox_headerbar"," 13.75% 155.803 9 Template:Trim"," 11.64% 131.965 8 Template:Navbox"," 10.07% 114.095 16 Template:Main_other"," 8.25% 93.463 1 Template:Lipid_signaling"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.616","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":8137702,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-5f67bcf949-2w2gn","timestamp":"20241127080047","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Sphingosine-1-phosphate","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sphingosine-1-phosphate","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q418267","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q418267","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-01-12T08:04:54Z","dateModified":"2024-07-10T02:02:38Z","headline":"chemical compound"}</script> </body> </html>