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As a consequence, numerous researches have been carried out throughout the world for not only getting the<br />optimum aerodynamic design with lower drag penalty and but also other parameters that increase the fuel<br />consumption. In this regard, relevant experimental and numerical outcomes on vehicle drag reduction considering<br />various techniques such as active, passive and combined techniques in order to delay or suppress flow separation<br />behind the vehicles have been considered in this review paper. Furthermore, the effects of drag reduction and their<br />applicability on the vehicles are also illustrated in this paper. Therefore, it is conjectured that the drag reduction has<br />been improved as much as 20%, 21.2%, and 30% by using the active, passive and combined control systems,<br />respectively.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38467773" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f39de300c7bcc4ee7fa410f19ce3444c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":58532706,"asset_id":38467773,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/58532706/download_file?st=MTczMjgwOTE1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5944169" href="https://duet.academia.edu/mukut">Dr. A.N.M. 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As a consequence, numerous researches have been carried out throughout the world for not only getting the\noptimum aerodynamic design with lower drag penalty and but also other parameters that increase the fuel\nconsumption. In this regard, relevant experimental and numerical outcomes on vehicle drag reduction considering\nvarious techniques such as active, passive and combined techniques in order to delay or suppress flow separation\nbehind the vehicles have been considered in this review paper. Furthermore, the effects of drag reduction and their\napplicability on the vehicles are also illustrated in this paper. Therefore, it is conjectured that the drag reduction has\nbeen improved as much as 20%, 21.2%, and 30% by using the active, passive and combined control systems,\nrespectively.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":58532706,"asset_id":38467773,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5944169,"first_name":"Dr. A.N.M. Mominul Islam","last_name":"Mukut","domain_name":"duet","page_name":"mukut","display_name":"Dr. A.N.M. Mominul Islam Mukut","profile_url":"https://duet.academia.edu/mukut?f_ri=14604","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5944169/2527218/2933842/s65_a.n.m._mominul.mukut.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2738,"name":"Renewable Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renewable_Energy?f_ri=14604","nofollow":false},{"id":14604,"name":"Flow Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Control?f_ri=14604","nofollow":false},{"id":59707,"name":"Drag Reduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drag_Reduction?f_ri=14604","nofollow":false},{"id":61709,"name":"Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modelling and simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Fluid_Dynamics_CFD_modelling_and_simulation?f_ri=14604","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7843083" data-work_id="7843083" itemscope="itemscope" 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href="https://www.academia.edu/50314860/Hardware_and_software_based_collective_communication_on_the_Quadrics_network">Hardware- and software-based collective communication on the Quadrics network</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50314860" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0fb5463dd89009a642e2c22da1ca15b7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68347391,"asset_id":50314860,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_70319754" data-work_id="70319754" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70319754/Implementation_of_the_imperative_rule_based_language_PROGRES">Implementation of the imperative/rule based language PROGRES</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The work reported here is part of the PROGRES (PROgrammed Graph Rewriting Systems) project. PROGRES is a very high level multi paradigm language for the specification of complex structured data types and their operations. The data... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_70319754" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The work reported here is part of the PROGRES (PROgrammed Graph Rewriting Systems) project. PROGRES is a very high level multi paradigm language for the specification of complex structured data types and their operations. The data structures are modelled as directed, attributed, node and edge labelled graphs (diane graphs). The basic programming constructs of PROGRES are graph rewriting rules (productions and tests) and derived relations on nodes (paths and restrictions). These basic operations may be combined to build partly imperative, partly rule based, complex graph transformations by special control structures which regard the nondeterministic nature of graph rewriting rules. PROGRES offers its users a convenient, partly textual, partly graphical concrete syntax and a rich system of consistency checking rules for the underlying calculus of programmed diane-graph rewriting systems. This paper presents the key techniques used for the execution of PROGRES programs. We will discuss...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/70319754" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c6c82e4c7dec9c9a1694dc8015ba008e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80121957,"asset_id":70319754,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80121957/download_file?st=MTczMjgwOTE1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33956336" href="https://uni-kassel.academia.edu/AlbertZ%C3%BCndorf">Albert Zündorf</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33956336" type="text/json">{"id":33956336,"first_name":"Albert","last_name":"Zündorf","domain_name":"uni-kassel","page_name":"AlbertZündorf","display_name":"Albert Zündorf","profile_url":"https://uni-kassel.academia.edu/AlbertZ%C3%BCndorf?f_ri=14604","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/cff79f909df921e897792c6a783b6bbc?s=65"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_70319754 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="70319754"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 70319754, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_70319754", }); 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PROGRES is a very high level multi paradigm language for the specification of complex structured data types and their operations. The data structures are modelled as directed, attributed, node and edge labelled graphs (diane graphs). The basic programming constructs of PROGRES are graph rewriting rules (productions and tests) and derived relations on nodes (paths and restrictions). These basic operations may be combined to build partly imperative, partly rule based, complex graph transformations by special control structures which regard the nondeterministic nature of graph rewriting rules. PROGRES offers its users a convenient, partly textual, partly graphical concrete syntax and a rich system of consistency checking rules for the underlying calculus of programmed diane-graph rewriting systems. This paper presents the key techniques used for the execution of PROGRES programs. We will discuss...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80121957,"asset_id":70319754,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33956336,"first_name":"Albert","last_name":"Zündorf","domain_name":"uni-kassel","page_name":"AlbertZündorf","display_name":"Albert Zündorf","profile_url":"https://uni-kassel.academia.edu/AlbertZ%C3%BCndorf?f_ri=14604","photo":"https://gravatar.com/avatar/cff79f909df921e897792c6a783b6bbc?s=65"}],"research_interests":[{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=14604","nofollow":false},{"id":14604,"name":"Flow Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Control?f_ri=14604","nofollow":false},{"id":48944,"name":"Graph Transformation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Graph_Transformation?f_ri=14604","nofollow":false},{"id":53994,"name":"Data 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River Restoration Through Bank Stabilization Using FLUVIAL-12: Case Study of Raia River, Ipoh, Perak ... AHMAD DARUS, River Engineering Section,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74963575" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">1st International Conference on Managing Rivers in the 21st Century: Issues & Challenges ... River Restoration Through Bank Stabilization Using FLUVIAL-12: Case Study of Raia River, Ipoh, Perak ... 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type="text/json">{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=14604","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2950" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Modeling">Computational Modeling</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2950" type="text/json">{"id":2950,"name":"Computational Modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Modeling?f_ri=14604","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4252" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Networks">Computer Networks</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4252" type="text/json">{"id":4252,"name":"Computer Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Networks?f_ri=14604","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5193303]'), work: 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href="https://www.academia.edu/25880374/Building_energy_analysis_and_retrofit_selection_for_Russian_multi_family_housing">Building energy analysis and retrofit selection for Russian multi-family housing</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25880374" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2f340f283e516bbcf1bcd2a6bbd1fc34" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46246586,"asset_id":25880374,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button 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href="https://www.academia.edu/29735628/Modeling_and_control_of_a_natural_circulation_loop">Modeling and control of a natural circulation loop</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29735628" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f7b66286a2f2fa1be459f4aa18d036d9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50191731,"asset_id":29735628,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button 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Our goal is to construct and publish the specification of a loosely-coupled distributed operating system consisting of a number of autonomous services. Some design principles have been proposed from consideration of conventional business practice. Several services have already been designed and implemented according to these principles.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79248205,"asset_id":68966487,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":12280,"first_name":"Jonathan","last_name":"Bowen","domain_name":"lsbu","page_name":"JonathanBowen","display_name":"Jonathan Bowen","profile_url":"https://lsbu.academia.edu/JonathanBowen?f_ri=14604","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/12280/4094/29052679/s65_jonathan.bowen.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=14604","nofollow":false},{"id":440,"name":"Distributed Computing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Distributed_Computing?f_ri=14604","nofollow":false},{"id":461,"name":"Distributed Database","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Distributed_Database?f_ri=14604","nofollow":false},{"id":12594,"name":"Memory Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Memory_Management?f_ri=14604","nofollow":false},{"id":14604,"name":"Flow Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Control?f_ri=14604"},{"id":22686,"name":"Distributed System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Distributed_System?f_ri=14604"},{"id":96628,"name":"Formal Specification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Formal_Specification?f_ri=14604"},{"id":228631,"name":"Communication Channels","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication_Channels?f_ri=14604"},{"id":366171,"name":"Look Ahead","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Look_Ahead?f_ri=14604"},{"id":838109,"name":"Massage Design Principle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Massage_Design_Principle?f_ri=14604"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67541416" data-work_id="67541416" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67541416/A_new_approach_to_program_testing">A new approach to program testing</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/67541416" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="10dcf99b15c4634f51cc3af2e046356f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":78319286,"asset_id":67541416,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/78319286/download_file?st=MTczMjgwOTE1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="196444501" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JAMESKING274">JAMES KING</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="196444501" type="text/json">{"id":196444501,"first_name":"JAMES","last_name":"KING","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JAMESKING274","display_name":"JAMES KING","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JAMESKING274?f_ri=14604","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/196444501/58701281/59560545/s65_james.king.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_67541416 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="67541416"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 67541416, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_67541416", }); 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Potential applications include the control of boundary layer separation in external flows, as well as jet engine inlet and diffuser flow... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34307240" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A variety of different types of actuators have been previously investigated as flow control devices. Potential applications include the control of boundary layer separation in external flows, as well as jet engine inlet and diffuser flow control. The operating principles for such devices are typically based on either mechanical deflection of control surfaces (which include MEMS flap devices), mass injection</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34307240" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6a0a47f01de6ba59d772bda6382478fb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54209351,"asset_id":34307240,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54209351/download_file?st=MTczMjgwOTE1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="65603184" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AndrewCutler1">Andrew Cutler</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="65603184" type="text/json">{"id":65603184,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Cutler","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AndrewCutler1","display_name":"Andrew Cutler","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AndrewCutler1?f_ri=14604","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34307240 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34307240"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34307240, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34307240", }); 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Potential applications include the control of boundary layer separation in external flows, as well as jet engine inlet and diffuser flow control. The operating principles for such devices are typically based on either mechanical deflection of control surfaces (which include MEMS flap devices), mass injection","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54209351,"asset_id":34307240,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":65603184,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Cutler","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AndrewCutler1","display_name":"Andrew Cutler","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AndrewCutler1?f_ri=14604","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14604,"name":"Flow Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Control?f_ri=14604","nofollow":false},{"id":159371,"name":"Flow Visualization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Visualization?f_ri=14604","nofollow":false},{"id":174781,"name":"Oscillations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oscillations?f_ri=14604","nofollow":false},{"id":317745,"name":"High Speed","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Speed?f_ri=14604","nofollow":false},{"id":685326,"name":"Boundary Layer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Boundary_Layer?f_ri=14604"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2524772" data-work_id="2524772" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2524772/Sedimentation_in_the_Colorado_River_delta_and_Upper_Gulf_of_California_after_nearly_a_century_of_discharge_loss">Sedimentation in the Colorado River delta and Upper Gulf of California after nearly a century of discharge loss</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Human intervention in the hydrologic basin of the Colorado River has eliminated water discharge and sediment supply to the river's mouth and its delta. After ∼95 years of applying strong flow control policies, the previous sedimentary... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2524772" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Human intervention in the hydrologic basin of the Colorado River has eliminated water discharge and sediment supply to the river's mouth and its delta. After ∼95 years of applying strong flow control policies, the previous sedimentary budget in the delta has changed, the delta now being entirely exposed to the hydrodynamic forces in its basin. In order to assess the anthropogenic impact of water diversion on deltaic sedimentary processes and short-term delta geomorphic evolution, textural and mineralogical analyses were performed on 68 sediment samples collected from the river, estuary, beach, continental shelf, delta plain and desert. The results show a consistent NE to SW textural gradient on the shallow-marine platform adjacent to the Colorado River delta (an area known as the Upper Gulf of California), and a net cross-basinal sediment transport occurring in the same direction. Two opposing littoral transport components exist along the Sonoran and Baja Californian coasts: (1) net sediment transport from SE to NW along the Sonoran coast delivers sediments from the ocean into the estuarine basin through the Sonora channel of the deltaic system of the Colorado River; and (2) sediment transport from N to S along the Baja Californian coast removes sediments from the estuarine basin of the Colorado River into the Northern Gulf of California (NGC). The residual sediment transport pattern observed suggests a counterclockwise path of exchange of materials between the estuarine basin of the Colorado River and the NGC. Multivariate cluster and factor analyses of the heavy-mineral data reveal the existence of a sedimentary system dominated by two end-members, representing two heavy-mineral sedimentary provinces: (1) the Sonora province is characterized by a heavy-mineral suite of garnet and zircon (G–Z), whose sediment supply originates from the sandy sediments of the Sonora Mesa deposits and Sonora's Gran Desierto; and (2) the Baja California province is characterized by a hornblende–epidote–pyroxene (H–E–P) suite, whose sediments originate from the earlier supply of the Colorado River. Since the Colorado River is no longer supplying sediments from its drainage basin, the H–E–P-rich sediments now actively dispersed in the system have mainly originated through intense reworking of the delta. Moreover, G–Z-rich sediments are starting to invade areas previously dominated by H–E–P sediments. On the basis of the prevailing hydraulic regime, textural and mineralogical characteristics of the sediments, and hydrographic and bathymetric information from the region, a hypothetical sediment dynamics model for the delta region is proposed, in which the tidally influenced, wave-dominated, sediment-reworked, slightly eroding Sonoran coast changes into a tide-dominated, depositional, very slowly prograding Baja Californian coast. This study shows that human intervention of the hydrologic basin of the Colorado River is not only responsible for inducing drastic hydrologic changes in its estuary (i.e., from brackish to hypersaline), but also for inducing drastic changes in the hydrographic circulation of the receiving basin (i.e., from long-basinal to cross-basinal). These changes are ultimately responsible for the relocation of massive volumes of the delta's sediment inventory, and for the serious ecological impact of habitat loss of indigenous species, such as the now endangered Totoaba (Totoaba macdonaldi) and Vaquita (Phocoena sinus).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2524772" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="747c2161e7f64f8966f150ae81723994" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50583554,"asset_id":2524772,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50583554/download_file?st=MTczMjgwOTE1NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3285141" href="https://ipn.academia.edu/ASanchez">Alberto Sanchez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3285141" type="text/json">{"id":3285141,"first_name":"Alberto","last_name":"Sanchez","domain_name":"ipn","page_name":"ASanchez","display_name":"Alberto Sanchez","profile_url":"https://ipn.academia.edu/ASanchez?f_ri=14604","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3285141/2248264/2629291/s65_alberto.sanchez.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2524772 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2524772"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2524772, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2524772", }); 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After ∼95 years of applying strong flow control policies, the previous sedimentary budget in the delta has changed, the delta now being entirely exposed to the hydrodynamic forces in its basin. In order to assess the anthropogenic impact of water diversion on deltaic sedimentary processes and short-term delta geomorphic evolution, textural and mineralogical analyses were performed on 68 sediment samples collected from the river, estuary, beach, continental shelf, delta plain and desert. The results show a consistent NE to SW textural gradient on the shallow-marine platform adjacent to the Colorado River delta (an area known as the Upper Gulf of California), and a net cross-basinal sediment transport occurring in the same direction. Two opposing littoral transport components exist along the Sonoran and Baja Californian coasts: (1) net sediment transport from SE to NW along the Sonoran coast delivers sediments from the ocean into the estuarine basin through the Sonora channel of the deltaic system of the Colorado River; and (2) sediment transport from N to S along the Baja Californian coast removes sediments from the estuarine basin of the Colorado River into the Northern Gulf of California (NGC). The residual sediment transport pattern observed suggests a counterclockwise path of exchange of materials between the estuarine basin of the Colorado River and the NGC. Multivariate cluster and factor analyses of the heavy-mineral data reveal the existence of a sedimentary system dominated by two end-members, representing two heavy-mineral sedimentary provinces: (1) the Sonora province is characterized by a heavy-mineral suite of garnet and zircon (G–Z), whose sediment supply originates from the sandy sediments of the Sonora Mesa deposits and Sonora's Gran Desierto; and (2) the Baja California province is characterized by a hornblende–epidote–pyroxene (H–E–P) suite, whose sediments originate from the earlier supply of the Colorado River. Since the Colorado River is no longer supplying sediments from its drainage basin, the H–E–P-rich sediments now actively dispersed in the system have mainly originated through intense reworking of the delta. Moreover, G–Z-rich sediments are starting to invade areas previously dominated by H–E–P sediments. On the basis of the prevailing hydraulic regime, textural and mineralogical characteristics of the sediments, and hydrographic and bathymetric information from the region, a hypothetical sediment dynamics model for the delta region is proposed, in which the tidally influenced, wave-dominated, sediment-reworked, slightly eroding Sonoran coast changes into a tide-dominated, depositional, very slowly prograding Baja Californian coast. This study shows that human intervention of the hydrologic basin of the Colorado River is not only responsible for inducing drastic hydrologic changes in its estuary (i.e., from brackish to hypersaline), but also for inducing drastic changes in the hydrographic circulation of the receiving basin (i.e., from long-basinal to cross-basinal). These changes are ultimately responsible for the relocation of massive volumes of the delta's sediment inventory, and for the serious ecological impact of habitat loss of indigenous species, such as the now endangered Totoaba (Totoaba macdonaldi) and Vaquita (Phocoena sinus).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50583554,"asset_id":2524772,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3285141,"first_name":"Alberto","last_name":"Sanchez","domain_name":"ipn","page_name":"ASanchez","display_name":"Alberto Sanchez","profile_url":"https://ipn.academia.edu/ASanchez?f_ri=14604","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3285141/2248264/2629291/s65_alberto.sanchez.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":400,"name":"Earth Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences?f_ri=14604","nofollow":false},{"id":415,"name":"Oceanography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oceanography?f_ri=14604","nofollow":false},{"id":420,"name":"Sedimentology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sedimentology?f_ri=14604","nofollow":false},{"id":3110,"name":"Marine Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marine_Geology?f_ri=14604","nofollow":false},{"id":14604,"name":"Flow Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Control?f_ri=14604"},{"id":18845,"name":"Environmental Sustainability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Sustainability?f_ri=14604"},{"id":113501,"name":"Sediment transport","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sediment_transport?f_ri=14604"},{"id":168826,"name":"Colorado River","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colorado_River?f_ri=14604"},{"id":202690,"name":"Human impact","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_impact?f_ri=14604"},{"id":211404,"name":"Habitat loss","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Habitat_loss?f_ri=14604"},{"id":230435,"name":"Continental shelf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Continental_shelf?f_ri=14604"},{"id":247023,"name":"Anthropogenic impact","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropogenic_impact?f_ri=14604"},{"id":280528,"name":"Heavy Minerals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heavy_Minerals?f_ri=14604"},{"id":431159,"name":"Ecological Impact","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecological_Impact?f_ri=14604"},{"id":609455,"name":"Gulf of California","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gulf_of_California?f_ri=14604"},{"id":620328,"name":"Sediment Transport","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sediment_Transport-5?f_ri=14604"},{"id":694897,"name":"Dynamic Model of WSN","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dynamic_Model_of_WSN?f_ri=14604"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7629819" data-work_id="7629819" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7629819/Security_Analysis_of_Mobile_Java">Security Analysis of Mobile Java</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7629819" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" 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This study investigated the winglet-type thin and small PAs, which were suspended in the quiescent air flow. We conducted... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4738674" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The single dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators (PAs) are known to be effective for flow control process. This study investigated the winglet-type thin and small PAs, which were suspended in the quiescent air flow. We conducted the PIV measurements and flow computations for the PA induced flow. The induced flow was discussed on three regions: a sink-like flow to the electrode, a shear flow over the winglet surface, and a jet-like flow downstream from the winglet. When the electrode <br />was located at the leading edge of the winglet PA, the sink-like flow was effectively enhanced. On the other hand, when the electrode was located at the trailing edge, the friction loss was minimized for the near-wall high shear flow over the winglet, and thus the highest momentum integral was obtained for the downstream jet-like flow. From these results, the most effective flow actuation was suggested to be achieved by the short winglet that had the exposed electrode at a leading edge and the covered <br />electrode at a trailing edge.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4738674" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5944169" href="https://duet.academia.edu/mukut">Dr. A.N.M. 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This study investigated the winglet-type thin and small PAs, which were suspended in the quiescent air flow. We conducted the PIV measurements and flow computations for the PA induced flow. The induced flow was discussed on three regions: a sink-like flow to the electrode, a shear flow over the winglet surface, and a jet-like flow downstream from the winglet. When the electrode\r\nwas located at the leading edge of the winglet PA, the sink-like flow was effectively enhanced. On the other hand, when the electrode was located at the trailing edge, the friction loss was minimized for the near-wall high shear flow over the winglet, and thus the highest momentum integral was obtained for the downstream jet-like flow. From these results, the most effective flow actuation was suggested to be achieved by the short winglet that had the exposed electrode at a leading edge and the covered\r\nelectrode at a trailing edge. ","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5944169,"first_name":"Dr. A.N.M. Mominul Islam","last_name":"Mukut","domain_name":"duet","page_name":"mukut","display_name":"Dr. A.N.M. Mominul Islam Mukut","profile_url":"https://duet.academia.edu/mukut?f_ri=14604","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5944169/2527218/2933842/s65_a.n.m._mominul.mukut.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9695,"name":"Boundary Layers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Boundary_Layers?f_ri=14604","nofollow":false},{"id":14604,"name":"Flow Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Control?f_ri=14604","nofollow":false},{"id":36442,"name":"Active Control of Fluid Flows","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Active_Control_of_Fluid_Flows?f_ri=14604","nofollow":false},{"id":48636,"name":"Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Simulation?f_ri=14604","nofollow":false},{"id":71080,"name":"Particle image velocimetry (PIV)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Particle_image_velocimetry_PIV_?f_ri=14604"},{"id":78704,"name":"CFD Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/CFD_Analysis?f_ri=14604"},{"id":769027,"name":"DBD Plasma actuator","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DBD_Plasma_actuator?f_ri=14604"},{"id":1146389,"name":"Phoenics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phoenics?f_ri=14604"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8673841" data-work_id="8673841" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8673841/Design_for_Stream_Restoration">Design for Stream Restoration</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8673841" data-share-source="work_strip" 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class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A flow visualisation study was performed to investigate a periodic flow instability in a bifurcating duct within the tip of the flares at the Shell refinery in Clyde, NSW, to verify the trigger of a combustion-driven oscillation proposed... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14709497" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A flow visualisation study was performed to investigate a periodic flow instability in a bifurcating duct within the tip of the flares at the Shell refinery in Clyde, NSW, to verify the trigger of a combustion-driven oscillation proposed in Part A of this study, and to identify its features. The model study assessed only the flow instability, uncoupled from the</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14709497" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="af7a36631926b15e3fe5109a4feae012" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43954411,"asset_id":14709497,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43954411/download_file?st=MTczMjgwOTE1Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33664028" href="https://adelaide.academia.edu/PeterMullinger">Peter Mullinger</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33664028" type="text/json">{"id":33664028,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"Mullinger","domain_name":"adelaide","page_name":"PeterMullinger","display_name":"Peter Mullinger","profile_url":"https://adelaide.academia.edu/PeterMullinger?f_ri=14604","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14709497 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14709497"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14709497, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14709497", }); 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Control theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Optimal_Control_theory?f_ri=14604"},{"id":80414,"name":"Mathematical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematical_Sciences?f_ri=14604"},{"id":137633,"name":"Feedback","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feedback?f_ri=14604"},{"id":171114,"name":"Turbulent Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turbulent_Flow?f_ri=14604"},{"id":188256,"name":"Pipe Flow","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pipe_Flow?f_ri=14604"},{"id":897139,"name":"Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Direct_Numerical_Simulation_DNS_?f_ri=14604"},{"id":1321016,"name":"Predictive Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predictive_Control?f_ri=14604"},{"id":1411878,"name":"Turbulent Kinetic Energy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turbulent_Kinetic_Energy?f_ri=14604"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14818060" data-work_id="14818060" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14818060/Reconciling_Mice_and_Elephants_in_Data_Center_Networks">Reconciling Mice and Elephants in Data Center Networks</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Small switch buffers, high-speed links, short round-trip times and the composite nature of the traffic in data center networks (DCN) lead to several congestion problems that are not handled well by traditional congestion control... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14818060" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Small switch buffers, high-speed links, short round-trip times and the composite nature of the traffic in data center networks (DCN) lead to several congestion problems that are not handled well by traditional congestion control mechanisms such as TCP. In this paper we design a simple switch-driven, flow-aware, congestion control algorithm to deal with such congestion issues. The basic idea of the proposed mechanism is reminiscent of classic congestion control in flow-aware networks such as ATM-ABR, where the switch sets a field in packet headers to enforce the sending rate at the source; less classic though are the challenges faced in designing such flow-awareness in the flow-aversive IP environment without modifying the TCP sender and receiver algorithm, to enable deployment in public data centers. We discuss in this paper our algorithm, two implementations (as a Linux kernel module or as an added feature to OpenVSwitch) and finally give numerical results from NS-2 simulations to show its effectiveness in achieving high throughput overall, a good fairness and short flow completion times for delay-sensitive flows.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14818060" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d793c0c52d2140980d4bfdfb5b0f7147" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38432876,"asset_id":14818060,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38432876/download_file?st=MTczMjgwOTE1Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="497139" href="https://hkust.academia.edu/AhmedMAbdelMoniem">Ahmed M. Abdelmoniem</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="497139" type="text/json">{"id":497139,"first_name":"Ahmed","last_name":"M. Abdelmoniem","domain_name":"hkust","page_name":"AhmedMAbdelMoniem","display_name":"Ahmed M. Abdelmoniem","profile_url":"https://hkust.academia.edu/AhmedMAbdelMoniem?f_ri=14604","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/497139/170704/11091055/s65_ahmed.m._abdelmoniem.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14818060 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14818060"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14818060, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14818060", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_14818060 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14818060; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_14818060"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14818060 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14818060"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14818060; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14818060]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14818060").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14818060").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14818060"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8216" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Congestion_Control">Congestion Control</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8216" type="text/json">{"id":8216,"name":"Congestion Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Congestion_Control?f_ri=14604","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14604" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Control">Flow Control</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14604" type="text/json">{"id":14604,"name":"Flow Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Control?f_ri=14604","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="647969" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Center_Network">Data Center Network</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="647969" type="text/json">{"id":647969,"name":"Data Center Network","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Center_Network?f_ri=14604","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="837553" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linux_Kernel_Module">Linux Kernel Module</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="837553" type="text/json">{"id":837553,"name":"Linux Kernel Module","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linux_Kernel_Module?f_ri=14604","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14818060]'), work: {"id":14818060,"title":"Reconciling Mice and Elephants in Data Center Networks","created_at":"2015-08-10T04:48:24.637-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14818060/Reconciling_Mice_and_Elephants_in_Data_Center_Networks?f_ri=14604","dom_id":"work_14818060","summary":"Small switch buffers, high-speed links, short round-trip times and the composite nature of the traffic in data center networks (DCN) lead to several congestion problems that are not handled well by traditional congestion control mechanisms such as TCP. In this paper we design a simple switch-driven, flow-aware, congestion control algorithm to deal with such congestion issues. The basic idea of the proposed mechanism is reminiscent of classic congestion control in flow-aware networks such as ATM-ABR, where the switch sets a field in packet headers to enforce the sending rate at the source; less classic though are the challenges faced in designing such flow-awareness in the flow-aversive IP environment without modifying the TCP sender and receiver algorithm, to enable deployment in public data centers. We discuss in this paper our algorithm, two implementations (as a Linux kernel module or as an added feature to OpenVSwitch) and finally give numerical results from NS-2 simulations to show its effectiveness in achieving high throughput overall, a good fairness and short flow completion times for delay-sensitive flows.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38432876,"asset_id":14818060,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":497139,"first_name":"Ahmed","last_name":"M. Abdelmoniem","domain_name":"hkust","page_name":"AhmedMAbdelMoniem","display_name":"Ahmed M. Abdelmoniem","profile_url":"https://hkust.academia.edu/AhmedMAbdelMoniem?f_ri=14604","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/497139/170704/11091055/s65_ahmed.m._abdelmoniem.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8216,"name":"Congestion Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Congestion_Control?f_ri=14604","nofollow":false},{"id":14604,"name":"Flow Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Control?f_ri=14604","nofollow":false},{"id":647969,"name":"Data Center Network","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Data_Center_Network?f_ri=14604","nofollow":false},{"id":837553,"name":"Linux Kernel Module","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linux_Kernel_Module?f_ri=14604","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2966527" data-work_id="2966527" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2966527/Vortex_shedding_characteristics_of_a_circular_cylinder_with_an_oscillating_wake_splitter_plate">Vortex shedding characteristics of a circular cylinder with an oscillating wake splitter plate</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The vortex shedding characteristics and the drag force acting on a circular cylinder, attached with an oscillating splitter plate, are investigated by solving the two-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations. The splitter plate is forced to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_2966527" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The vortex shedding characteristics and the drag force acting on a circular cylinder, attached with an oscillating splitter plate, are investigated by solving the two-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations. The splitter plate is forced to exhibit harmonic oscillation about its attachment point, and the Reynolds number (Re) of the flow is 100. In order to facilitate easy handling of the plate oscillations inside the computational domain, the equations are solved in a Cartesian grid, and the concept of immersed boundary method is used to impose the boundary conditions on the body surface. The characteristic feature of this problem is the complex interaction between the vortices shed from the splitter plate and the cylinder. Three different patterns of vortex shedding are observed in the wake of the circular cylinder depending upon the frequency and amplitude of plate oscillation: normal shedding, chain of vortices and shedding from splitter plate. It is found that the inverse relationship between the vortex formation length and Strouhal number is not applicable when the splitter plate is subjected to oscillation. Additional related interesting fluid dynamics features are also presented.► Three shedding patterns: normal shedding, chain of vortices and shedding from plate. ► To completely suppress shedding oscillating plate can be much shorter than fixed one. ► Inverse relationship between vortex formation length and St is not applicable. ► Drag coefficient is less than that of fixed plate configuration. ► Use of immersed boundary method to model plate oscillations in fixed Cartesian grid.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2966527" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="24b29e26b03b2612d795b23de98a1d06" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30925605,"asset_id":2966527,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30925605/download_file?st=MTczMjgwOTE1Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3131955" href="https://tum.academia.edu/SudhakarYogaraj">Sudhakar Yogaraj</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3131955" type="text/json">{"id":3131955,"first_name":"Sudhakar","last_name":"Yogaraj","domain_name":"tum","page_name":"SudhakarYogaraj","display_name":"Sudhakar Yogaraj","profile_url":"https://tum.academia.edu/SudhakarYogaraj?f_ri=14604","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3131955/1029586/1286555/s65_sudhakar.yogaraj.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2966527 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2966527"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2966527, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2966527", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2966527]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2966527").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2966527").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2966527"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14604" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Control">Flow Control</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="14604" type="text/json">{"id":14604,"name":"Flow Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Control?f_ri=14604","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27080" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vortex_dynamics">Vortex dynamics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27080" type="text/json">{"id":27080,"name":"Vortex dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vortex_dynamics?f_ri=14604","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="58967" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immersed_Boundary_Methods">Immersed Boundary Methods</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="58967" type="text/json">{"id":58967,"name":"Immersed Boundary Methods","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immersed_Boundary_Methods?f_ri=14604","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="339195" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vortex_shedding">Vortex shedding</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="339195" type="text/json">{"id":339195,"name":"Vortex shedding","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vortex_shedding?f_ri=14604","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2966527]'), work: {"id":2966527,"title":"Vortex shedding characteristics of a circular cylinder with an oscillating wake splitter plate","created_at":"2013-03-12T05:40:59.137-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2966527/Vortex_shedding_characteristics_of_a_circular_cylinder_with_an_oscillating_wake_splitter_plate?f_ri=14604","dom_id":"work_2966527","summary":"The vortex shedding characteristics and the drag force acting on a circular cylinder, attached with an oscillating splitter plate, are investigated by solving the two-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations. The splitter plate is forced to exhibit harmonic oscillation about its attachment point, and the Reynolds number (Re) of the flow is 100. In order to facilitate easy handling of the plate oscillations inside the computational domain, the equations are solved in a Cartesian grid, and the concept of immersed boundary method is used to impose the boundary conditions on the body surface. The characteristic feature of this problem is the complex interaction between the vortices shed from the splitter plate and the cylinder. Three different patterns of vortex shedding are observed in the wake of the circular cylinder depending upon the frequency and amplitude of plate oscillation: normal shedding, chain of vortices and shedding from splitter plate. It is found that the inverse relationship between the vortex formation length and Strouhal number is not applicable when the splitter plate is subjected to oscillation. Additional related interesting fluid dynamics features are also presented.► Three shedding patterns: normal shedding, chain of vortices and shedding from plate. ► To completely suppress shedding oscillating plate can be much shorter than fixed one. ► Inverse relationship between vortex formation length and St is not applicable. ► Drag coefficient is less than that of fixed plate configuration. ► Use of immersed boundary method to model plate oscillations in fixed Cartesian grid.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30925605,"asset_id":2966527,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3131955,"first_name":"Sudhakar","last_name":"Yogaraj","domain_name":"tum","page_name":"SudhakarYogaraj","display_name":"Sudhakar Yogaraj","profile_url":"https://tum.academia.edu/SudhakarYogaraj?f_ri=14604","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3131955/1029586/1286555/s65_sudhakar.yogaraj.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14604,"name":"Flow 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Systems</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The authors present the design and implementation of an asynchronous remote operation execution facility, futures, that retains the benefits of the remote procedure call (RPC) abstraction but allows execution to proceed locally in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28971973" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The authors present the design and implementation of an asynchronous remote operation execution facility, futures, that retains the benefits of the remote procedure call (RPC) abstraction but allows execution to proceed locally in parallel with remote execution and provides extensive support for managing replies. It is shown how this facility can be easily used to support many common interprocess communication</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28971973" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8d3df5b133c6c436dfae5e2cd1d5d239" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49414015,"asset_id":28971973,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49414015/download_file?st=MTczMjgwOTE1Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="54430725" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PauloNeves29">Paulo Neves</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="54430725" type="text/json">{"id":54430725,"first_name":"Paulo","last_name":"Neves","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PauloNeves29","display_name":"Paulo Neves","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PauloNeves29?f_ri=14604","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28971973 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28971973"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28971973, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28971973", }); 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href="https://www.academia.edu/32594789/PC_7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%87_%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%84%D9%BE_%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A2%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7">PC- 7بررسی تجربی اثرات اندازه وتر فلپ بر روی نیروی برآی هواپیما</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">تحقیقات زیادی در رابطه با افزایش نیروی برآی هواپیما انجام شده است. یکی از فعالیتهای مهم انجام شده در این زمینه، نصب فلپ روی لبه فرار بال است. امروزه محققان در صدد رسیدن به بهترین نوع فلپی هستند که در زوایای حمله مختلف و فازهای گوناگون... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32594789" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">تحقیقات زیادی در رابطه با افزایش نیروی برآی هواپیما انجام شده است.<br />یکی از فعالیتهای مهم انجام شده در این زمینه، نصب فلپ روی لبه فرار<br />بال است. امروزه محققان در صدد رسیدن به بهترین نوع فلپی هستند که<br />در زوایای حمله مختلف و فازهای گوناگون پروازی بهترین عملکرد را داشته<br />، باشد. در این مقاله به مطالعه اثرات اندازه وتر 4 فلپ، بر روی نیروی برآ 5<br />8 نمونه واقعی است، پرداخته شده است. / که با مقیاس 81 pc- هواپیما 7<br />در هواپیما با توجه به بزرگ بودن سطح بال و اهمیت بال در تولید نیروی<br />برآ، جدایش نقش منفی بسیار بزرگی دارد. از جمله ابزارهایی که این جدایش<br />را به تعویق میاندازند و برآ را افزایش میدهند فلپها هستند در این تحقیق<br />دو فلپ با نسبت 6<br />𝑪𝒇<br />𝑪<br />⁄ برابر 81 % و 32 % و زاویه انحراف فلپ 32 و 05<br />که دارای فلپی از نوع فلپ جدا PC- درجه روی مدل بالهای هواپیمای 7<br />شونده میباشد نصب شد و اثرات آنها مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آزمایشها<br />در دو سرعت 08 و 08 متر بر ثانیه و در 28 زاویه حمله مختلف در تونل باد<br />مادون صوت مرکز تحقیقات مهندسی فارس صورت گرفته است. بر اساس<br />نتایج حاصل، فلپ با طول وتر 23 % باعث جلوافتادن زاویه واماندگی از زاویه<br />حمله 12 درجه به 0 درجه و افزایش نیروی برآ میشود. تست آشکارسازی<br />نیز نتایج حاصل را مورد تایید قرار میدهد</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32594789" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9266bc0a60fe33d7bdfa2888de1cbe22" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52769992,"asset_id":32594789,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen 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به تعویق میاندازند و برآ را افزایش میدهند فلپها هستند در این تحقیق\nدو فلپ با نسبت 6\n𝑪𝒇\n𝑪\n⁄ برابر 81 % و 32 % و زاویه انحراف فلپ 32 و 05\nکه دارای فلپی از نوع فلپ جدا PC- درجه روی مدل بالهای هواپیمای 7\nشونده میباشد نصب شد و اثرات آنها مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آزمایشها\nدر دو سرعت 08 و 08 متر بر ثانیه و در 28 زاویه حمله مختلف در تونل باد\nمادون صوت مرکز تحقیقات مهندسی فارس صورت گرفته است. بر اساس\nنتایج حاصل، فلپ با طول وتر 23 % باعث جلوافتادن زاویه واماندگی از زاویه\nحمله 12 درجه به 0 درجه و افزایش نیروی برآ میشود. تست آشکارسازی\nنیز نتایج حاصل را مورد تایید قرار میدهد","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52769992,"asset_id":32594789,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":30762027,"first_name":"mohsen","last_name":"Jahanmiri","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"mJahanmiri","display_name":"mohsen 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u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Active flow control (AFC) relies on actuators’ control authority as a primary enabling technology for flow manipulation. The requirements from the actuation systems are revisited and tools for critical evaluation of actuators are offered.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8496747" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Active flow control (AFC) relies on actuators’ control authority as a primary enabling technology for flow manipulation. The requirements from the actuation systems are revisited and tools for critical evaluation of actuators are offered. The application in mind is boundary layer separation control. Effective yet robust methods for coupling the excitation to unstable flow modes should be experimented. The recent introduction of the SaOB (steady Suction and Oscillatory Blowing) actuator concept to AFC and the use of similar no-moving parts oscillators have the potential to be both effective at higher speeds and overall efficient. To be accepted by industry, system efficiency should always be assessed, not only the improvement in aerodynamic performance. A few performance based criteria for comparing different actuation concepts are presented and discussed. The first criterion is the actuator conversion efficiency, from input energy (electric or fluidic) to mechanical energy. The second criterion evaluates the actuator based on its force or momentum generation capability as it operates in still fluid, while considering its weight, volume and power consumption. An additional, application dependent, criterion is the Aerodynamic Figure of Merit, an energy efficiency criterion, based on the improvement of the controlled performance (e.g., lift to drag ratio, wind turbine power production or drag reduction efficiency) of a certain application, when the power consumption (and possibly also the weight) of the actuation system are taken into account. Relevant recent separation control data are presented, compared and discussed. It was found that Piezo fluidic actuation is effective at low speeds while SaOB actuation is preferred at higher speeds. Mechanical or electromagnetic actuators are less effective mainly due to excessive weight while DBD Plasma actuators are orders of magnitude less efficient (0.1%). A minimal actuation efficiency requirement based on CFD results is also outlined.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8496747" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a915bcfac6cc9ef5622b5cc94425bfc0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34876868,"asset_id":8496747,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34876868/download_file?st=MTczMjgwOTE1Niw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="17374327" href="https://telaviv.academia.edu/AvrahamSeifert">Avraham Seifert</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="17374327" type="text/json">{"id":17374327,"first_name":"Avraham","last_name":"Seifert","domain_name":"telaviv","page_name":"AvrahamSeifert","display_name":"Avraham Seifert","profile_url":"https://telaviv.academia.edu/AvrahamSeifert?f_ri=14604","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17374327/5153745/12604415/s65_avraham.seifert.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8496747 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8496747"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8496747, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8496747", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_8496747 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8496747; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_8496747"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8496747 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8496747"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8496747; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8496747]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8496747").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8496747").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8496747"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14604" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Control">Flow Control</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14604" type="text/json">{"id":14604,"name":"Flow Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Control?f_ri=14604","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8496747]'), work: {"id":8496747,"title":"On the Efficiency of Flow Control Actuators","created_at":"2014-09-25T14:41:55.091-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8496747/On_the_Efficiency_of_Flow_Control_Actuators?f_ri=14604","dom_id":"work_8496747","summary":"Active flow control (AFC) relies on actuators’ control authority as a primary enabling technology for flow manipulation. The requirements from the actuation systems are revisited and tools for critical evaluation of actuators are offered. The application in mind is boundary layer separation control. Effective yet robust methods for coupling the excitation to unstable flow modes should be experimented. The recent introduction of the SaOB (steady Suction and Oscillatory Blowing) actuator concept to AFC and the use of similar no-moving parts oscillators have the potential to be both effective at higher speeds and overall efficient. To be accepted by industry, system efficiency should always be assessed, not only the improvement in aerodynamic performance. A few performance based criteria for comparing different actuation concepts are presented and discussed. The first criterion is the actuator conversion efficiency, from input energy (electric or fluidic) to mechanical energy. The second criterion evaluates the actuator based on its force or momentum generation capability as it operates in still fluid, while considering its weight, volume and power consumption. An additional, application dependent, criterion is the Aerodynamic Figure of Merit, an energy efficiency criterion, based on the improvement of the controlled performance (e.g., lift to drag ratio, wind turbine power production or drag reduction efficiency) of a certain application, when the power consumption (and possibly also the weight) of the actuation system are taken into account. Relevant recent separation control data are presented, compared and discussed. It was found that Piezo fluidic actuation is effective at low speeds while SaOB actuation is preferred at higher speeds. Mechanical or electromagnetic actuators are less effective mainly due to excessive weight while DBD Plasma actuators are orders of magnitude less efficient (0.1%). A minimal actuation efficiency requirement based on CFD results is also outlined.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34876868,"asset_id":8496747,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":17374327,"first_name":"Avraham","last_name":"Seifert","domain_name":"telaviv","page_name":"AvrahamSeifert","display_name":"Avraham Seifert","profile_url":"https://telaviv.academia.edu/AvrahamSeifert?f_ri=14604","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17374327/5153745/12604415/s65_avraham.seifert.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":14604,"name":"Flow Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Control?f_ri=14604","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_61407987" data-work_id="61407987" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 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