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id="toc-Plant_and_animal_breeding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>People</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_topics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_topics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Other topics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_topics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" 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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academic_centers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Academic centers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academic_centers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Journals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Journals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header 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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Animal breeding</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cria_d%27animals" title="Cria d'animals – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cria d'animals" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0lecht%C4%9Bn%C3%AD_%C5%BEivo%C4%8Dich%C5%AF" title="Šlechtění živočichů – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Šlechtění živočichů" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B5uaretus" title="Tõuaretus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tõuaretus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD_%D9%86%DA%98%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اصلاح نژاد جانوران – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اصلاح نژاد جانوران" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89levage_s%C3%A9lectif_des_animaux" title="Élevage sélectif des animaux – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Élevage sélectif des animaux" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A8" title="पशुप्रजनन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पशुप्रजनन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemuliaan_hewan" title="Pemuliaan hewan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pemuliaan hewan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubworozi" title="Ubworozi – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Ubworozi" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veislininkyst%C4%97" title="Veislininkystė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Veislininkystė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fokken" title="Fokken – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Fokken" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A8" title="पशु प्रजनन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पशु प्रजनन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B9%81%E6%AE%96" title="繁殖 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="繁殖" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%82_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%A8" title="ਪਸ਼ੂ ਪ੍ਰਜਨਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਸ਼ੂ ਪ੍ਰਜਨਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selekcja_(zootechnika)" title="Selekcja (zootechnika) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Selekcja (zootechnika)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Случка – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Случка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%C3%A4injalostus" title="Eläinjalostus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Eläinjalostus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="விலங்கு வளர்ப்பு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="விலங்கு வளர்ப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Племінна справа – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Племінна справа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A2n_gi%E1%BB%91ng_v%E1%BA%ADt_nu%C3%B4i" title="Nhân giống vật nuôi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhân giống vật nuôi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E9%85%8D%E7%A8%AE" title="動物配種 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="動物配種" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about breeding of animals by humans. For breeding of animals in the wild, see <a href="/wiki/Breeding_in_the_wild" title="Breeding in the wild">Breeding in the wild</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Animal_breeding_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Animal breeding (disambiguation)">Animal breeding (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p><b>Animal breeding</b> is a branch of <a href="/wiki/Animal_science" title="Animal science">animal science</a> that addresses the evaluation (using <a href="/wiki/Best_linear_unbiased_prediction" title="Best linear unbiased prediction">best linear unbiased prediction</a> and other methods) of the genetic value (estimated breeding value, EBV) of livestock. Selecting for breeding animals with superior EBV in growth rate, egg, meat, milk, or wool production, or with other desirable traits has revolutionized livestock production throughout the entire world. The scientific theory of animal breeding incorporates <a href="/wiki/Population_genetics" title="Population genetics">population genetics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quantitative_genetics" title="Quantitative genetics">quantitative genetics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Statistics" title="Statistics">statistics</a>, and recently <a href="/wiki/Molecular_genetics" title="Molecular genetics">molecular genetics</a> and is based on the pioneering work of <a href="/wiki/Sewall_Wright" title="Sewall Wright">Sewall Wright</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jay_Lush" class="mw-redirect" title="Jay Lush">Jay Lush</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Roy_Henderson" title="Charles Roy Henderson">Charles Henderson</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Breeding_stock">Breeding stock</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Animal_breeding&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Breeding stock"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Breeding stock is a group of animals used for the purpose of planned breeding. When individuals are looking to breed animals, they look for certain valuable traits in <a href="/wiki/Purebred" title="Purebred">purebred</a> animals, or may intend to use some type of <a href="/wiki/Crossbreeding" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossbreeding">crossbreeding</a> to produce a new type of stock with different, and presumably superior abilities in a given area of endeavor. For example, when breeding swine for meat, the "breeding stock should be sound, fast growing, muscular, lean, and reproductively efficient."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "subjective selection of breeding stock" in horses has led to many <a href="/wiki/Horse_breeds" class="mw-redirect" title="Horse breeds">horse breeds</a> with particular performance traits.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While breeding animals is common in an <a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry" title="Animal husbandry">agricultural setting</a>, it is also a common practice for the purpose of selling animals meant as <a href="/wiki/Pet" title="Pet">pets</a>, such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cat_breeding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cat breeding (page does not exist)">cats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dog_breeding" title="Dog breeding">dogs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horse_breeding" title="Horse breeding">horses</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bird_breeding" class="mw-redirect" title="Bird breeding">birds</a>, as well as less common animals, such as <a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">reptiles</a> or some <a href="/wiki/Monkey_breeding" title="Monkey breeding">primates</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Purebred_breeding">Purebred breeding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Animal_breeding&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Purebred breeding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Purebred" title="Purebred">Purebred</a></div> <p>Mating animals of the same breed for maintaining such breed is referred to as purebred breeding. Opposite to the practice of mating animals of different breeds, purebred breeding aims to establish and maintain stable traits, that animals will pass to the next generation. By "breeding the best to the best", employing a certain degree of <a href="/wiki/Inbreeding" title="Inbreeding">inbreeding</a>, considerable <a href="/wiki/Culling" title="Culling">culling</a>, and selection for "superior" qualities, one could develop a bloodline or "<a href="/wiki/Breed" title="Breed">breed</a>" superior in certain respects to the original base stock. </p><p>Such animals can be recorded with a <a href="/wiki/Breed_registry" title="Breed registry">breed registry</a>, the organisation that maintains <a href="/wiki/Pedigree_chart" title="Pedigree chart">pedigrees</a> and/or <a href="/wiki/Stud_book" class="mw-redirect" title="Stud book">stud books</a>. The observable phenomenon of <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_vigor" class="mw-redirect" title="Hybrid vigor">hybrid vigor</a> stands in contrast to the notion of breed purity. </p><p>For laboratory purposes, organisms such as mice have been inbred to 100% pure lines, as offered for sale by the <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Laboratory" title="Jackson Laboratory">Jackson laboratory</a>. But this is highly unusual and difficult to do for most organisms, in whose populations all individuals harbor recessive, deleterious gene variants (alleles). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Animal_breeding&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry" title="Animal husbandry">Animal husbandry</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plant_and_animal_breeding">Plant and animal breeding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Animal_breeding&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Plant and animal breeding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_insemination_of_livestock_and_pets" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial insemination of livestock and pets">Artificial insemination of livestock and pets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_selection" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial selection">Artificial selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_science" title="Agricultural science">Agricultural science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backyard_breeder" class="mw-redirect" title="Backyard breeder">Backyard breeder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genomics_of_domestication" class="mw-redirect" title="Genomics of domestication">Genomics of domestication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_breeding" title="Plant breeding">Plant breeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progeny_testing" title="Progeny testing">Progeny testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_breeding" title="Selective breeding">Selective breeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selection_limits" title="Selection limits">Selection limits</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="People">People</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Animal_breeding&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: People"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bakewell_(farmer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Bakewell (farmer)">Robert Bakewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_B._Chapman" title="Arthur B. Chapman">Arthur B. Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Hutton" title="James Hutton">James Hutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lecky" title="Thomas Lecky">Thomas Lecky</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_topics">Other topics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Animal_breeding&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other topics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BLUPF90" title="BLUPF90">BLUPF90</a> and <a href="/wiki/ASReml" title="ASReml">ASReml</a>: software packages for animal breeding statistics</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veterinary_medicine" title="Veterinary medicine">Veterinary medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Veterinary_surgeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Veterinary surgeon">Veterinary surgeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veterinarian" title="Veterinarian">Veterinarian</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Animal_breeding&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Meat_Atlas_2014_breeders.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Meat_Atlas_2014_breeders.png/400px-Meat_Atlas_2014_breeders.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Meat_Atlas_2014_breeders.png/600px-Meat_Atlas_2014_breeders.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Meat_Atlas_2014_breeders.png/800px-Meat_Atlas_2014_breeders.png 2x" data-file-width="1498" data-file-height="893" /></a><figcaption>The seven biggest breeders<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLush,_JL1937" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Jay_Lush" class="mw-redirect" title="Jay Lush">Lush, JL</a> (1937), <i>Animal Breeding Plans</i>, Ames, Iowa: Iowa State Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Animal+Breeding+Plans&rft.place=Ames%2C+Iowa&rft.pub=Iowa+State+Press&rft.date=1937&rft.au=Lush%2C+JL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnimal+breeding" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKempthorne,_O1957" class="citation cs2">Kempthorne, O (1957), <i>Introduction to Statistic Genetics</i>, John Wiley & Sons</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Statistic+Genetics&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=1957&rft.au=Kempthorne%2C+O&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnimal+breeding" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_VleckL._D.SearleS._R.1979" class="citation cs2">Van Vleck; L. D.; Searle; S. R. (1979), <i>Variance components and animal breeding: proceedings of a conference in honor of C.R. Henderson</i>, Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Variance+components+and+animal+breeding%3A+proceedings+of+a+conference+in+honor+of+C.R.+Henderson&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+N.Y.&rft.pub=Cornell+University&rft.date=1979&rft.au=Van+Vleck&rft.au=L.+D.&rft.au=Searle&rft.au=S.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnimal+breeding" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenderson,_CR1984" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Roy_Henderson" title="Charles Roy Henderson">Henderson, CR</a> (1984), <i>Applications of linear models in animal breeding</i>, Guelph, Ont: University of Guelph, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88955-030-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-88955-030-1"><bdi>0-88955-030-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Applications+of+linear+models+in+animal+breeding&rft.place=Guelph%2C+Ont&rft.pub=University+of+Guelph&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-88955-030-1&rft.au=Henderson%2C+CR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnimal+breeding" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammond_K._Gianola,_D.1990" class="citation cs2">Hammond K. Gianola, D. (1990), <i>Advances in Statistical Methods for Genetic Improvement of Livestock (Advanced Series in Agricultural Sciences)</i>, Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-540-50809-0" title="Special:BookSources/3-540-50809-0"><bdi>3-540-50809-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Advances+in+Statistical+Methods+for+Genetic+Improvement+of+Livestock+%28Advanced+Series+in+Agricultural+Sciences%29&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag+Berlin+and+Heidelberg+GmbH+%26+Co.+K&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=3-540-50809-0&rft.au=Hammond+K.+Gianola%2C+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnimal+breeding" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMassey,_JWVogt,_DW1993" class="citation cs2">Massey, JW; Vogt, DW (1993), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090412102203/http://extension.missouri.edu/xplor/agguides/ansci/g02910.htm"><i>Heritability and Its Use in Animal Breeding</i></a>, Department of Animal Sciences, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri" title="University of Missouri">University of Missouri</a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://extension.missouri.edu/xplor/agguides/ansci/g02910.htm">the original</a> on 2009-04-12<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-09-13</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heritability+and+Its+Use+in+Animal+Breeding&rft.pub=Department+of+Animal+Sciences%2C+University+of+Missouri&rft.date=1993&rft.au=Massey%2C+JW&rft.au=Vogt%2C+DW&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fextension.missouri.edu%2Fxplor%2Fagguides%2Fansci%2Fg02910.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnimal+breeding" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMrode,_R._A.1996" class="citation cs2">Mrode, R. A. (1996), <i>Linear models for the prediction of animal breeding values</i>, Oxon: CAB International, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85198-996-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-85198-996-9"><bdi>0-85198-996-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Linear+models+for+the+prediction+of+animal+breeding+values&rft.place=Oxon&rft.pub=CAB+International&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-85198-996-9&rft.au=Mrode%2C+R.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnimal+breeding" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCameron,_N._D.1997" class="citation cs2">Cameron, N. D. (1997), <i>Selection indices and prediction of genetic merit in animal breeding</i>, Oxon: CAB International, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85199-169-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-85199-169-6"><bdi>0-85199-169-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selection+indices+and+prediction+of+genetic+merit+in+animal+breeding&rft.place=Oxon&rft.pub=CAB+International&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-85199-169-6&rft.au=Cameron%2C+N.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnimal+breeding" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDalton,_CWillis,_MB1998" class="citation cs2">Dalton, C; Willis, MB (1998), <i>Dalton's Introduction to Practical Animal Breeding</i>, Oxford: Blackwell Science, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-632-04947-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-632-04947-2"><bdi>0-632-04947-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dalton%27s+Introduction+to+Practical+Animal+Breeding&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Blackwell+Science&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-632-04947-2&rft.au=Dalton%2C+C&rft.au=Willis%2C+MB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnimal+breeding" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBourdon,_RM2000" class="citation cs2">Bourdon, RM (2000), <i>Understanding animal breeding</i>, Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-13-096449-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-13-096449-2"><bdi>0-13-096449-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+animal+breeding&rft.place=Englewood+Cliffs%2C+N.J&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-13-096449-2&rft.au=Bourdon%2C+RM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnimal+breeding" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewman,_SRothschild,_MF2002" class="citation cs2">Newman, S; Rothschild, MF (2002), <i>Intellectual Property Rights in Animal Breeding and Genetics</i>, Wallingford, Oxon, UK: CABI Pub, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85199-641-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-85199-641-8"><bdi>0-85199-641-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Intellectual+Property+Rights+in+Animal+Breeding+and+Genetics&rft.place=Wallingford%2C+Oxon%2C+UK&rft.pub=CABI+Pub&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-85199-641-8&rft.au=Newman%2C+S&rft.au=Rothschild%2C+MF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnimal+breeding" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>FAO. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/a1404e/a1404e00.htm">The Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources and the Interlaken</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/a1404e/a1404e00.htm">Declaration</a>. Rome.</li> <li>FAO. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/i1103e/i1103e00.htm">Breeding strategies for sustainable management of animal genetic resources.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/i1103e/i1103e00.htm">FAO Animal Production and Health Guidelines.</a> No. 3. Rome.</li> <li>FAO. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4787e.pdf">The Second Report on the State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4787e.pdf">Food and Agriculture.</a> Rome.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Animal_breeding&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110929195319/http://oklahoma4h.okstate.edu/litol/file/animal/swine/N-258_web.pdf">"Selection of Swine Breeding Stock"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Oklahoma State University</i>. No. 258. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oklahoma4h.okstate.edu/litol/file/animal/swine/N-258_web.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2011-09-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-09-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oklahoma+State+University&rft.atitle=Selection+of+Swine+Breeding+Stock&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foklahoma4h.okstate.edu%2Flitol%2Ffile%2Fanimal%2Fswine%2FN-258_web.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnimal+breeding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Warren_Evans1992" class="citation book cs1">James Warren Evans (1992). <i>Horse breeding and management</i>. <a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier Health Science</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-444-88282-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-444-88282-0"><bdi>978-0-444-88282-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Horse+breeding+and+management&rft.pub=Elsevier+Health+Science&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-444-88282-0&rft.au=James+Warren+Evans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnimal+breeding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Meat_Atlas" title="Meat Atlas">Meat Atlas 2014 – Facts and figures about the animals we eat</a>, page 24, download <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foeeurope.org/sites/default/files/publications/foee_hbf_meatatlas_jan2014.pdf">Meat Atlas</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etcgroup.org/sites/www.etcgroup.org/files/CartelBeforeHorse11Sep2013.pdf">ETC Group, <i>Putting the Cartel before the Horse ... and Farm, Seeds, Soil, Peasants, etc. </i>, page 17, chapter: <i>Livestock Genetic</i>, September 2013</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Animal_breeding&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dad.fao.org/">Domestic Animal Diversity Information System</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081021032417/http://www.nsif.com/guidel/guidelines.htm"><i>Guidelines For Uniform Swine Improvement Programs</i></a>, National Swine Improvement Federation, 2003, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nsif.com/guidel/guidelines.htm">the original</a> on 2008-10-21</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guidelines+For+Uniform+Swine+Improvement+Programs&rft.pub=National+Swine+Improvement+Federation&rft.date=2003&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nsif.com%2Fguidel%2Fguidelines.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnimal+breeding" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/programmes/en/A5.html">Implementing the Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Somme"><i>bataille de la somme</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=bataille+de+la+somme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBattle_of_the_Somme&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnimal+breeding" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academic_centers">Academic centers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Animal_breeding&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Academic centers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abg.wur.nl/UK/"><i>Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Wageningen_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Wageningen University">Wageningen University</a>, Netherlands, 23 March 2022</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Animal+Breeding+and+Genomics+Centre&rft.place=Wageningen+University%2C+Netherlands&rft.date=2022-03-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abg.wur.nl%2FUK%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnimal+breeding" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nce.ads.uga.edu/"><i>Animal Breeding and Genetics Group</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Georgia" title="University of Georgia">University of Georgia</a>, USA</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Animal+Breeding+and+Genetics+Group&rft.place=University+of+Georgia%2C+USA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnce.ads.uga.edu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnimal+breeding" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cgil.uoguelph.ca/"><i>Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Guelph" title="University of Guelph">University of Guelph</a>, Canada</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Centre+for+Genetic+Improvement+of+Livestock&rft.place=University+of+Guelph%2C+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcgil.uoguelph.ca%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnimal+breeding" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/abc/index.html"><i>Animal Breeding & Genetics</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a>, USA, 12 September 2023</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Animal+Breeding+%26+Genetics&rft.place=Cornell+University%2C+USA&rft.date=2023-09-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ansci.cornell.edu%2Fabc%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnimal+breeding" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090304144157/http://www.ans.iastate.edu/section/abg/"><i>Animal Breeding & Genetics</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_University" title="Iowa State University">Iowa State University</a>, USA, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ans.iastate.edu/section/abg/">the original</a> on 2009-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-09-06</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Animal+Breeding+%26+Genetics&rft.place=Iowa+State+University%2C+USA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ans.iastate.edu%2Fsection%2Fabg%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnimal+breeding" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081012075010/http://ansci.colostate.edu/content/view/4/"><i>Breeding and Genetics Program</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Colorado_State_University" title="Colorado State University">Colorado State University</a>, USA, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ansci.colostate.edu/content/view/4/">the original</a> on 2008-10-12</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Breeding+and+Genetics+Program&rft.place=Colorado+State+University%2C+USA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fansci.colostate.edu%2Fcontent%2Fview%2F4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnimal+breeding" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://agbu.une.edu.au/"><i>Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_New_England_(Australia)" title="University of New England (Australia)">University of New England</a>, Australia</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Animal+Genetics+and+Breeding+Unit&rft.place=University+of+New+England%2C+Australia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fagbu.une.edu.au%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnimal+breeding" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.egsabg.eu/"><i>European Graduate School in Animal Breeding and Genetics (EGS-ABG)</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/AgroParisTech" title="AgroParisTech">AgroParisTech</a>, France ; <a href="/wiki/Wageningen_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Wageningen University">Wageningen University</a>, Netherlands ; <a href="/wiki/Aarhus_University" title="Aarhus University">Aarhus University</a>, Denmark ; <a href="/wiki/Swedish_University_of_Agricultural_Sciences" title="Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences">Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences</a>, Sweden</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=European+Graduate+School+in+Animal+Breeding+and+Genetics+%28EGS-ABG%29&rft.place=AgroParisTech%2C+France+%3B+Wageningen+University%2C+Netherlands+%3B+Aarhus+University%2C+Denmark+%3B+Swedish+University+of+Agricultural+Sciences%2C+Sweden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.egsabg.eu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnimal+breeding" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Journals">Journals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Animal_breeding&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Journals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081212024136/http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0931-2668">"Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics"</a>, <i>Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics (1986)</i>, <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0931-2668">0931-2668</a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0931-2668">the original</a> on 2008-12-12<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-09-06</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Animal+Breeding+and+Genetics+%281986%29&rft.atitle=Journal+of+Animal+Breeding+and+Genetics&rft.issn=0931-2668&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwellpublishing.com%2Fjournal.asp%3Fref%3D0931-2668&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnimal+breeding" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organizations">Organizations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Animal_breeding&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aaabg.org/aaabg18/"><i>Association for the Advancement of Animal Breeding and Genetics</i></a>, Australia</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Association+for+the+Advancement+of+Animal+Breeding+and+Genetics&rft.place=Australia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aaabg.org%2Faaabg18%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnimal+breeding" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roslin.ed.ac.uk/"><i>Roslin Institute</i></a>, Scotland</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roslin+Institute&rft.place=Scotland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roslin.ed.ac.uk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnimal+breeding" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080920004017/http://www.csrees.usda.gov/animalbreedinggeneticsgenomics.cfm"><i>Animal Breeding, Genetics & Genomics, Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service</i></a>, USA, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csrees.usda.gov/animalbreedinggeneticsgenomics.cfm">the original</a> on 2008-09-20</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Animal+Breeding%2C+Genetics+%26+Genomics%2C+Cooperative+State+Research%2C+Education%2C+and+Extension+Service&rft.place=USA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csrees.usda.gov%2Fanimalbreedinggeneticsgenomics.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnimal+breeding" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081012122149/http://www.ars.usda.gov/Main/site_main.htm?modecode=12-65-05-00"><i>Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center</i></a>, USA, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/Main/site_main.htm?modecode=12-65-05-00">the original</a> on 2008-10-12<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-09-06</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Animal+Improvement+Programs+Laboratory%2C+Beltsville+Agricultural+Research+Center&rft.place=USA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ars.usda.gov%2FMain%2Fsite_main.htm%3Fmodecode%3D12-65-05-00&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnimal+breeding" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080719035351/http://agbu.une.edu.au/index.php"><i>Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit</i></a>, Australia, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://agbu.une.edu.au/index.php">the original</a> on 2008-07-19</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Animal+Genetics+and+Breeding+Unit&rft.place=Australia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fagbu.une.edu.au%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnimal+breeding" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inra.fr"><i>INRA, Institut National de la Recherché Agronomique</i></a>, France</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=INRA%2C+Institut+National+de+la+Recherch%C3%A9+Agronomique&rft.place=France&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inra.fr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnimal+breeding" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130812053128/http://www.inia.es/"><i>INIA, Instituto Nacional Investigación Agraria</i></a>, Spain, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inia.es">the original</a> on 2013-08-12</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=INIA%2C+Instituto+Nacional+Investigaci%C3%B3n+Agraria&rft.place=Spain&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inia.es&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnimal+breeding" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Breeds_and_cultivars" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Breed" title="Template:Breed"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Breed" title="Template talk:Breed"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Breed" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Breed"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Breeds_and_cultivars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Breed" title="Breed">Breeds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivars</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breed#Lists_of_animal_breeds" title="Breed">Lists of breeds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_cultivars" title="Lists of cultivars">Lists of cultivars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Methods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backcrossing" title="Backcrossing">Backcrossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossbreed" title="Crossbreed">Crossbreed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inbreeding" title="Inbreeding">Inbreeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marker-assisted_selection" title="Marker-assisted selection">Marker-assisted selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutation_breeding" title="Mutation breeding">Mutation breeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outcrossing" title="Outcrossing">Outcrossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preservation_breeding" title="Preservation breeding">Preservation breeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_breeding" title="Selective breeding">Selective breeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marker-assisted_selection" title="Marker-assisted selection">Smart breeding (Marker-assisted selection)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_(biology)" title="Hybrid (biology)">Hybrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purebred" title="Purebred">Purebred</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Animal breeds</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cat_breeds" title="List of cat breeds">Cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cattle_breeds" title="List of cattle breeds">Cattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chicken_breeds" title="List of chicken breeds">Chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dog_breeds" title="List of dog breeds">Dog</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dog_breeding" title="Dog breeding">breeding</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_donkey_breeds" title="List of donkey breeds">Donkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_duck_breeds" title="List of duck breeds">Duck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_goat_breeds" title="List of goat breeds">Goat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_goose_breeds" title="List of goose breeds">Goose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_guinea_pig_breeds" title="List of guinea pig breeds">Guinea pig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_horse_breeds" title="List of horse breeds">Horse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horse_breed" title="Horse breed">breeding</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pig_breeds" title="List of pig breeds">Pig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pigeon_breeds" title="List of pigeon breeds">Pigeon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pigeon_keeping" title="Pigeon keeping">breeding</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rabbit_breeds" title="List of rabbit breeds">Rabbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sheep_breeds" title="List of sheep breeds">Sheep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_turkey_breeds" title="List of turkey breeds">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_water_buffalo_breeds" title="List of water buffalo breeds">Water buffalo</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backyard_breeder" class="mw-redirect" title="Backyard breeder">Backyard breeder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breed_standard" title="Breed standard">Breed standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breeding_back" title="Breeding back">Breeding back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breeding_pair" title="Breeding pair">Breeding pair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breeding_program" title="Breeding program">Breeding program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captive_breeding" title="Captive breeding">Captive breeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designer_crossbreed" class="mw-redirect" title="Designer crossbreed">Designer crossbreed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plant_breeding" title="Plant breeding">Plant cultivars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_apple_cultivars" title="List of apple cultivars">Apple</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_apple_cultivars" title="List of Japanese apple cultivars">Japanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banana_cultivars" title="List of banana cultivars">Banana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_basil_cultivars" title="List of basil cultivars">Basil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Callistemon_cultivars" title="List of Callistemon cultivars"><i>Callistemon</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canna_cultivars" title="List of Canna cultivars"><i>Canna</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_strain" title="Cannabis strain"><i>Cannabis</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Capsicum_cultivars" title="List of Capsicum cultivars"><i>Capsicum</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cherimoya_cultivars" title="List of cherimoya cultivars">Cherimoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_citrus_hybrids_and_cultivars" class="mw-redirect" title="List of citrus hybrids and cultivars">Citrus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_hybrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Citrus hybrid">hybrids</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_coffee_varieties" title="List of coffee varieties">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cucumber_varieties" title="List of cucumber varieties">Cucumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gazania_cultivars" title="List of Gazania cultivars"><i>Gazania</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_grape_varieties" title="List of grape varieties">Grape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Grevillea_cultivars" title="List of Grevillea cultivars"><i>Grevillea</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hop_varieties" title="List of hop varieties">Hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mango_cultivars" title="List of mango cultivars">Mango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Narcissus_horticultural_divisions" title="List of Narcissus horticultural divisions"><i>Narcissus</i> (daffodils)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nemesia_cultivars" title="List of Nemesia cultivars"><i>Nemesia</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nepenthes_cultivars" title="List of Nepenthes cultivars"><i>Nepenthes</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_olive_cultivars" title="List of olive cultivars">Olives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_onion_cultivars" title="List of onion cultivars">Onion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pear_cultivars" title="List of pear cultivars">Pear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rice_cultivars" title="List of rice cultivars">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_roses" title="Garden roses">Rose</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rose_breeders" title="List of rose breeders">breeders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Award_of_Garden_Merit_roses" title="List of Award of Garden Merit roses">cultivars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_strawberry_cultivars" title="List of strawberry cultivars">Strawberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sweet_potato_cultivars" title="List of sweet potato cultivars">Sweet potato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sweetcorn_varieties" title="List of sweetcorn varieties">Sweetcorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tomato_cultivars" title="List of tomato cultivars">Tomato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Venus_flytrap_cultivars" title="List of Venus flytrap cultivars">Venus flytrap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Selection methods<br />and genetics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culling" title="Culling">Culling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marker-assisted_selection" title="Marker-assisted selection">Marker-assisted selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_selection" title="Natural selection">Natural selection</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balancing_selection" title="Balancing selection">balancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directional_selection" title="Directional selection">directional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disruptive_selection" title="Disruptive selection">disruptive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negative_selection_(natural_selection)" title="Negative selection (natural selection)">negative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selective_sweep" title="Selective sweep">selective sweep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stabilizing_selection" title="Stabilizing selection">stabilizing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selection_methods_in_plant_breeding_based_on_mode_of_reproduction" title="Selection methods in plant breeding based on mode of reproduction">Selection methods in plant breeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genotype" title="Genotype">Genotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenotype" title="Phenotype">Phenotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominance_(genetics)" title="Dominance (genetics)">Dominance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codominance" class="mw-redirect" title="Codominance">Codominance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistasis" title="Epistasis">Epistasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarfing" title="Dwarfing">Dwarfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterosis" title="Heterosis">Heterosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outbreeding_depression" title="Outbreeding depression">Outbreeding depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inbreeding_depression" title="Inbreeding depression">Inbreeding depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recessive_trait" class="mw-redirect" title="Recessive trait">Recessive trait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_linkage" title="Sex linkage">Sex linkage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F1_hybrid" title="F1 hybrid">F1 hybrid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breed_registry" title="Breed registry">Breed registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breeder" title="Breeder">Breeder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenics" title="Eugenics">Eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germline" title="Germline">Germline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heirloom_plant" title="Heirloom plant">Heirloom plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landrace" title="Landrace">Landrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rare_breed" title="Rare breed">Rare breed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_breeding" title="Tree breeding">Tree breeding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q227675#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q227675#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="šlechtění hospodářských zvířat"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph127829&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007529952205171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/026224">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10640442">NARA</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10638004">2</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal_breeding&oldid=1257167483">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal_breeding&oldid=1257167483</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Animal_breeding" title="Category:Animal breeding">Animal breeding</a></li><li><a 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