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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Family_and_childhood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_and_childhood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Family and childhood</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_and_childhood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1762–73:_Travel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1762–73:_Travel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>1762–73: Travel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1762–73:_Travel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1773–77:_Employment_at_the_Salzburg_court" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1773–77:_Employment_at_the_Salzburg_court"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1773–77: Employment at the Salzburg court</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1773–77:_Employment_at_the_Salzburg_court-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1777–78:_Journey_to_Paris" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1777–78:_Journey_to_Paris"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>1777–78: Journey to Paris</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1777–78:_Journey_to_Paris-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vienna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vienna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Vienna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vienna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1781:_Departure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1781:_Departure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>1781: Departure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1781:_Departure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2</span> <span>Early years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriage_and_children" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage_and_children"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.3</span> <span>Marriage and children</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage_and_children-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1782–87" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1782–87"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>1782–87</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1782–87-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1786–87:_Return_to_opera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1786–87:_Return_to_opera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1</span> <span>1786–87: Return to opera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1786–87:_Return_to_opera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Later years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1788–90" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1788–90"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.1</span> <span>1788–90</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1788–90-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1791" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1791"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.2</span> <span>1791</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1791-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Final_illness_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Final_illness_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6.3</span> <span>Final illness and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Final_illness_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Appearance_and_character" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appearance_and_character"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Appearance and character</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appearance_and_character-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works,_musical_style,_and_innovations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works,_musical_style,_and_innovations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Works, musical style, and innovations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Works,_musical_style,_and_innovations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Works, musical style, and innovations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Works,_musical_style,_and_innovations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Style" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Style"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Style</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Köchel_catalogue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Köchel_catalogue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Köchel catalogue</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Köchel_catalogue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Instruments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Instruments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Instruments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Instruments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Influence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 217 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-217" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">217 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%AE%E1%88%8D%E1%8D%8D%E1%8C%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D_%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%9B%E1%8B%B4%E1%8A%A1%E1%88%B5_%E1%88%9E%E1%8D%83%E1%88%AD%E1%89%B5" title="ቮልፍጋንግ አማዴኡስ ሞፃርት – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቮልፍጋንግ አማዴኡስ ሞፃርት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="वोल्फ़गांक आमडेयुस मोत्सार्ट – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="वोल्फ़गांक आमडेयुस मोत्सार्ट" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82,_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B8" title="Моцарт, Вольфганг Амадеи – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Моцарт, Вольфганг Амадеи" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%BA_%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="فولفغانغ أماديوس موزارت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فولفغانغ أماديوس موزارت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%B8%D5%AC%D6%86%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF_%D4%B1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A7%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD_%D5%84%D5%B8%D6%81%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A9" title="Վոլֆկանկ Ամատէուս Մոցարթ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Վոլֆկանկ Ամատէուս Մոցարթ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="वोल्फगान्क आमडेयुस मोत्सार्ट – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="वोल्फगान्क आमडेयुस मोत्सार्ट" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Волфганг Амадеус Моцарт – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Волфганг Амадеус Моцарт" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volfqanq_Amadey_Motsart" title="Volfqanq Amadey Motsart – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Volfqanq Amadey Motsart" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="وولفقانق آمادئوس موتسارت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="وولفقانق آمادئوس موتسارت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F" title="ভল্ফগাং আমাডেউস মোৎসার্ট – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভল্ফগাং আমাডেউস মোৎসার্ট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Вольфганг Амадей Моцарт – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Вольфганг Амадей Моцарт" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Вольфганг Амадэй Моцарт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вольфганг Амадэй Моцарт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Вольфганг Амадэй Моцарт – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вольфганг Амадэй Моцарт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="वुल्फगैंग एमडियस मोजार्ट – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="वुल्फगैंग एमडियस मोजार्ट" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Волфганг Амадеус Моцарт – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Волфганг Амадеус Моцарт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozart_Wolfgang_Amadeus" title="Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Вольфганг Амадей Моцарт – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Вольфганг Амадей Моцарт" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Моцарт Вольфганг Амадей – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Моцарт Вольфганг Амадей" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozart" title="Mozart – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Mozart" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="موزار – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="موزار" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CF%8C%CE%BB%CF%86%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA_%CE%91%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82_%CE%9C%CF%8C%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%84" title="Βόλφγκανγκ Αμαντέους Μότσαρτ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βόλφγκανγκ Αμαντέους Μότσαρτ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82,_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Моцарт, Вольфганг Амадей – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Моцарт, Вольфганг Амадей" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="ولفگانگ آمادئوس موتسارت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ولفگانگ آمادئوس موتسارت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%89%8E%E7%89%B9" title="莫扎特 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="莫扎特" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%9D%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F" title="મોઝાર્ટ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મોઝાર્ટ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82,_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Моцарт, Вольфганг Амадей – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Моцарт, Вольфганг Амадей" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%BC%ED%94%84%EA%B0%95_%EC%95%84%EB%A7%88%EB%8D%B0%EC%9A%B0%EC%8A%A4_%EB%AA%A8%EC%B0%A8%EB%A5%B4%ED%8A%B8" title="볼프강 아마데우스 모차르트 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="볼프강 아마데우스 모차르트" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%B8%D5%AC%D6%86%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3_%D4%B1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD_%D5%84%D5%B8%D6%81%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF" title="Վոլֆգանգ Ամադեուս Մոցարտ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վոլֆգանգ Ամադեուս Մոցարտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="वोल्फ़गांक आमडेयुस मोत्सार्ट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वोल्फ़गांक आमडेयुस मोत्सार्ट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F" title="ভোল্‌ফগাংক্‌ আমাডেয়ুস মোৎসার্ট – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ভোল্‌ফগাংক্‌ আমাডেয়ুস মোৎসার্ট" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82,_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Моцарт, Вольфганг Амадей – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Моцарт, Вольфганг Амадей" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%92_%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%98" title="וולפגנג אמדאוס מוצרט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="וולפגנג אמדאוס מוצרט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D" title="ವುಲ್ಫ್‌ಗ್ಯಾಂಗ್ ಅಮೆಡಿಯುಸ್ ಮೊಟ್ಜಾರ್ಟ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವುಲ್ಫ್‌ಗ್ಯಾಂಗ್ ಅಮೆಡಿಯುಸ್ ಮೊಟ್ಜಾರ್ಟ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82,_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Моцарт, Вольфганг Амадей – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Моцарт, Вольфганг Амадей" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A4%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92_%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ვოლფგანგ ამადეუს მოცარტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვოლფგანგ ამადეუს მოცარტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Волфганг Амадей Моцарт – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Волфганг Амадей Моцарт" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Вольфганг Амадей Моцарт – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Вольфганг Амадей Моцарт" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgangus_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgangus Amadeus Mozart – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Wolfgangus Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volfgangs_Amadejs_Mocarts" title="Volfgangs Amadejs Mocarts – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Volfgangs Amadejs Mocarts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Вольфганг Амадеус Моцарт – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Вольфганг Амадеус Моцарт" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/vulfygan.amade,us.motsart" title="vulfygan.amade,us.motsart – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="vulfygan.amade,us.motsart" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="वोल्फगान्क आमडेयुस मोत्सार्ट – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="वोल्फगान्क आमडेयुस मोत्सार्ट" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Волфганг Амадеус Моцарт – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Волфганг Амадеус Моцарт" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%82%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="വൂൾഫ്ഗാങ് അമാദ്യൂസ് മൊസാർട്ട് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വൂൾഫ്ഗാങ് അമാദ്യൂസ് മൊസാർട്ട്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="वोल्फगांग आमाडेउस मोझार्ट – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वोल्फगांग आमाडेउस मोझार्ट" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A4%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92_%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="ვოლფგანგ ამადეუს მოცარტი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვოლფგანგ ამადეუს მოცარტი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="موتسارت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="موتسارت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="موتسارت – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="موتسارت" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Вольфганг Амадей Моцарт – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Вольфганг Амадей Моцарт" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%B0%E1%80%96%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92%E1%80%B2%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AF%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%87%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="ဝူဖ်ဂန် အာမေဒဲယုစ် မိုးဇတ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဝူဖ်ဂန် အာမေဒဲယုစ် မိုးဇတ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="वोल्फगान्क आमडेयुस मोत्सार्ट – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="वोल्फगान्क आमडेयुस मोत्सार्ट" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" title="वुल्फग्याङ्ग आमाद्युस मोत्सार्त – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="वुल्फग्याङ्ग आमाद्युस मोत्सार्त" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A9%E3%83%AB%E3%83%95%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%9E%E3%83%87%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%84%E3%82%A1%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88" title="ヴォルフガング・アマデウス・モーツァルト – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴォルフガング・アマデウス・モーツァルト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82,_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Моцарт, Вольфганг Амадей – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Моцарт, Вольфганг Амадей" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82,_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Моцарт, Вольфганг Амадей – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Моцарт, Вольфганг Амадей" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97_%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9F" title="ਵੋਲਫ਼ਗਾਂਗ ਆਮਾਡੇਅਸ ਮੋਜ਼ਾਰਟ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵੋਲਫ਼ਗਾਂਗ ਆਮਾਡੇਅਸ ਮੋਜ਼ਾਰਟ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="ولفگانگ موزرت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ولفگانگ موزرت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="ولفگانگ امادیوس موزارت – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ولفگانگ امادیوس موزارت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volfgang_Amadey_Motsart" title="Volfgang Amadey Motsart – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Volfgang Amadey Motsart" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Chrysostom_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Johann Chrysostom Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Johann Chrysostom Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D2%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D2%91_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Вольфґанґ Амадей Моцарт – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Вольфґанґ Амадей Моцарт" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82,_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Моцарт, Вольфганг Амадей – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Моцарт, Вольфганг Амадей" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Моцарт Вольфганг Амадей – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Моцарт Вольфганг Амадей" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="वोल्फगांग आमाडेउस मोझार्ट – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="वोल्फगांग आमाडेउस मोझार्ट" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%DB%86%DA%B5%D9%81%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3_%D9%85%DB%86%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="ڤۆڵفگانگ ئامادیوس مۆتسارت – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڤۆڵفگانگ ئامادیوس مۆتسارت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Волфганг Амадеус Моцарт – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Волфганг Амадеус Моцарт" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="வொல்ஃப்கேங்க் அமதியுஸ் மோட்சார்ட் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வொல்ஃப்கேங்க் அமதியுஸ் மோட்சார்ட்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulfgang_Amadiyus_Muzart" title="Bulfgang Amadiyus Muzart – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Bulfgang Amadiyus Muzart" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Вольфганг Амадей Моцарт – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Вольфганг Амадей Моцарт" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D" title="మోజార్ట్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మోజార్ట్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97" title="ว็อล์ฟกัง อมาเดอุส โมทซาร์ท – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ว็อล์ฟกัง อมาเดอุส โมทซาร์ท" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%AE%E1%88%8D%E1%8D%8D%E1%8C%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D_%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%9B%E1%8B%B4%E1%8A%A1%E1%88%B5_%E1%88%9E%E1%8D%83%E1%88%AD%E1%89%B5" title="ቮልፍጋንግ አማዴኡስ ሞፃርት – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ቮልፍጋንግ አማዴኡስ ሞፃርት" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Волфганг Амадей Мотсарт – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Волфганг Амадей Мотсарт" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Вольфганг Амадей Моцарт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вольфганг Амадей Моцарт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%88%D9%84%D9%81_%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%B9" title="وولف گینگ موزارٹ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="وولف گینگ موزارٹ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mocart_Vol%27fgang_Amadeus" title="Mocart Vol'fgang Amadeus – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Mocart Vol'fgang Amadeus" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozarti_Wolfgang_Amadeus" title="Mozarti Wolfgang Amadeus – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Mozarti Wolfgang Amadeus" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%89%8E%E7%89%B9" title="莫扎特 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="莫扎特" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%89%8E%E7%89%B9" title="莫扎特 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="莫扎特" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%92%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92_%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A6%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%98" title="וואלפגאנג אמאדעוס מאצארט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="וואלפגאנג אמאדעוס מאצארט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%AB%E5%B2%A1%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E7%91%AA%E8%BF%AA%E7%83%8F%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E6%9C%AD%E7%89%B9" title="胡爾夫岡·阿瑪迪烏斯·莫札特 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="胡爾夫岡·阿瑪迪烏斯·莫札特" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muocarts" title="Muocarts – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Muocarts" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%AB%E5%86%88%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E7%8E%9B%E5%A4%9A%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E6%89%8E%E7%89%B9" title="沃尔夫冈·阿玛多伊斯·莫扎特 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="沃尔夫冈·阿玛多伊斯·莫扎特" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moz%C3%A0t" title="Mozàt – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Mozàt" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolpgang_Amad%C3%A9us_Mosar" title="Wolpgang Amadéus Mosar – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Wolpgang Amadéus Mosar" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gpe mw-list-item"><a href="https://gpe.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Ghanaian Pidgin" lang="gpe" hreflang="gpe" data-title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" data-language-autonym="Ghanaian Pidgin" data-language-local-name="Ghanaian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ghanaian Pidgin</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q254#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">European composer (1756–1791)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Mozart" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Mozart_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Mozart (disambiguation)">Mozart (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mozart_Portrait_Croce.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Mozart_Portrait_Croce.jpg/220px-Mozart_Portrait_Croce.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Mozart_Portrait_Croce.jpg/330px-Mozart_Portrait_Croce.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Mozart_Portrait_Croce.jpg/440px-Mozart_Portrait_Croce.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2420" data-file-height="3509" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Portrait, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1781</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1756-01-27</span>)</span>27 January 1756<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Mozart%27s_birthplace" title="Mozart's birthplace">Getreidegasse 9</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">5 December 1791<span style="display:none">(1791-12-05)</span> (aged 35)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Works</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="List of compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">List of compositions</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Constanze_Mozart" title="Constanze Mozart">Constanze Weber</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Mozart" title="Leopold Mozart">Leopold Mozart</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Maria_Mozart" title="Anna Maria Mozart">Anna Maria Mozart</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mozart_family" title="Mozart family">Mozart family</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_Signature.svg/150px-Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_Signature.svg/225px-Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_Signature.svg/300px-Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="114" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (27 January 1756 – 5 December 1791) was a prolific and influential <a href="/wiki/Composer" title="Composer">composer</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Classical_period_(music)" title="Classical period (music)">Classical period</a>. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition resulted in <a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="List of compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">more than 800 works</a> representing virtually every Western classical genre of his time. Many of these compositions are acknowledged as pinnacles of the <a href="/wiki/Symphony" title="Symphony">symphonic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Concerto" title="Concerto">concertante</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chamber_music" title="Chamber music">chamber</a>, operatic, and <a href="/wiki/Choir" title="Choir">choral</a> repertoire. Mozart is widely regarded as one of the greatest composers in the history of Western music,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuch2017"Introduction"_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuch2017"Introduction"-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with his music admired for its "melodic beauty, its formal elegance and its richness of harmony and texture".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisenSadie2001_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisenSadie2001-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a>, Mozart showed <a href="/wiki/Child_prodigy" title="Child prodigy">prodigious</a> ability from his earliest childhood. At age five, he was already competent on keyboard and violin, had begun to compose, and performed before European royalty. His father took him on a <a href="/wiki/Mozart_family_grand_tour" title="Mozart family grand tour">grand tour</a> of Europe and then <a href="/wiki/Mozart_in_Italy" title="Mozart in Italy">three trips to Italy</a>. At 17, he was a musician at the Salzburg court but grew restless and travelled in search of a better position. Mozart's search for employment led to positions in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, and again in Salzburg, during which he wrote his five violin concertos, <a href="/wiki/Sinfonia_Concertante_for_Violin,_Viola_and_Orchestra_(Mozart)" title="Sinfonia Concertante for Violin, Viola and Orchestra (Mozart)">Sinfonia Concertante</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Concerto_for_Flute,_Harp,_and_Orchestra_(Mozart)" title="Concerto for Flute, Harp, and Orchestra (Mozart)">Concerto for Flute and Harp</a>, as well as sacred pieces and <a href="/wiki/Mass_(music)" title="Mass (music)">masses</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Motet" title="Motet">motet</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Exsultate,_jubilate" title="Exsultate, jubilate">Exsultate Jubilate</a></i>, and the opera <i><a href="/wiki/Idomeneo" title="Idomeneo">Idomeneo</a>,</i> among other works. </p><p>While visiting Vienna in 1781, Mozart was dismissed from his Salzburg position. He stayed in Vienna, where he achieved fame but little financial security. During Mozart’s early years in Vienna, he produced several notable works, such as the opera <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Entf%C3%BChrung_aus_dem_Serail" title="Die Entführung aus dem Serail">Die Entführung aus dem Serail</a></i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Great_Mass_in_C_minor,_K._427" title="Great Mass in C minor, K. 427">Great Mass in C Minor</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Haydn_Quartets_(Mozart)" title="Haydn Quartets (Mozart)">"Haydn" Quartets</a> and a number of <a href="/wiki/List_of_symphonies_by_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="List of symphonies by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">symphonies</a>. Throughout his Vienna years, Mozart composed over a dozen <a href="/wiki/Piano_concertos_by_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Piano concertos by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">piano concertos</a>, many considered some of his greatest achievements. In the final years of his life, Mozart wrote many of his best-known works, including his last three symphonies, culminating in the <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._41_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 41 (Mozart)"><i>Jupiter</i> Symphony</a>, the serenade <i><a href="/wiki/Eine_kleine_Nachtmusik" title="Eine kleine Nachtmusik">Eine kleine Nachtmusik</a></i>, his <a href="/wiki/Clarinet_Concerto_(Mozart)" title="Clarinet Concerto (Mozart)">Clarinet Concerto</a>, the four operas <i><a href="/wiki/Le_nozze_di_Figaro" class="mw-redirect" title="Le nozze di Figaro">Le nozze di Figaro</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni">Don Giovanni</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cos%C3%AC_fan_tutte" title="Così fan tutte">Così fan tutte</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Flute" title="The Magic Flute">Die Zauberflöte</a></i> and his <a href="/wiki/Requiem_(Mozart)" title="Requiem (Mozart)">Requiem</a>. The Requiem was largely unfinished at the time of <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Death of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">his death</a> at age 35, the circumstances of which are uncertain and much mythologised. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_career">Life and career</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Casa_natale_di_Mozart.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Casa_natale_di_Mozart.jpg/180px-Casa_natale_di_Mozart.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Casa_natale_di_Mozart.jpg/270px-Casa_natale_di_Mozart.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Casa_natale_di_Mozart.jpg/360px-Casa_natale_di_Mozart.jpg 2x" data-file-width="566" data-file-height="866" /></a><figcaption>Mozart's birthplace at Getreidegasse 9, Salzburg</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Family_and_childhood">Family and childhood</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mozart%27s_name" title="Mozart's name">Mozart's name</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mozart_family" title="Mozart family">Mozart family</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mozart%27s_nationality" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozart's nationality">Mozart's nationality</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_baptism_record.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_baptism_record.jpg/220px-Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_baptism_record.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_baptism_record.jpg/330px-Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_baptism_record.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_baptism_record.jpg/440px-Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_baptism_record.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1127" data-file-height="234" /></a><figcaption>Baptismal record showing him as "Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart"</figcaption></figure> <p>Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born on 27 January 1756 to <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Mozart" title="Leopold Mozart">Leopold Mozart</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anna_Maria_Mozart" title="Anna Maria Mozart">Anna Maria</a>, née Pertl, at <a href="/wiki/Mozart%27s_birthplace" title="Mozart's birthplace">Getreidegasse 9</a> in Salzburg.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Salzburg was the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Archbishopric_of_Salzburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishopric of Salzburg">Archbishopric of Salzburg</a>, an ecclesiastic principality in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> (today in <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the youngest of seven children, five of whom died in infancy. His elder sister was <a href="/wiki/Maria_Anna_Mozart" title="Maria Anna Mozart">Maria Anna Mozart</a>, nicknamed "Nannerl". Mozart was baptised the day after his birth, at <a href="/wiki/Salzburg_Cathedral" title="Salzburg Cathedral">St. Rupert's Cathedral</a> in Salzburg. The baptismal record gives his name in Latinized form, as <i>Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart</i>. He generally called himself "Wolfgang Amadè Mozart"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeutsch19659_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeutsch19659-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as an adult, but <a href="/wiki/Mozart%27s_name" title="Mozart's name">his name</a> had many variants. </p><p>Leopold Mozart, a native of <a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon199521_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon199521-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> then an <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Free_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Free City">Imperial Free City</a> in the Holy Roman Empire, was a minor composer and an experienced teacher. In 1743, he was appointed as the fourth violinist in the musical establishment of Count <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Anton_von_Firmian" title="Leopold Anton von Firmian">Leopold Anton von Firmian</a>, the ruling <a href="/wiki/Archbishopric_of_Salzburg#Prince-Bishopric_(1213–1803)" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishopric of Salzburg">Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisenSadie2001_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisenSadie2001-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Four years later, he married Anna Maria in Salzburg. Leopold became the orchestra's deputy <a href="/wiki/Kapellmeister" title="Kapellmeister">Kapellmeister</a> in 1763. During the year of his son's birth, Leopold published a violin textbook, <i><a href="/wiki/Versuch_einer_gr%C3%BCndlichen_Violinschule" title="Versuch einer gründlichen Violinschule">Versuch einer gründlichen Violinschule</a></i>, which achieved success.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon199532_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon199532-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Nannerl was seven, she began keyboard lessons with her father, while her three-year-old brother looked on. Years later, after her brother's death, she reminisced: </p> <blockquote><p>He often spent much time at the <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_instrument" title="Keyboard instrument">clavier</a>, picking out thirds, which he was ever striking, and his pleasure showed that it sounded good.<span class="nowrap"> </span>... In the fourth year of his age his father, for a game as it were, began to teach him a few minuets and pieces at the clavier.<span class="nowrap"> </span>... He could play it faultlessly and with the greatest delicacy, and keeping exactly in time.<span class="nowrap"> </span>... At the age of five, he was already composing little pieces, which he played to his father who wrote them down.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeutsch1965455_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeutsch1965455-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis_Carrogis_dit_Carmontelle_-_Portrait_de_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_(Salzbourg,_1756-Vienne,_1791)_jouant_%C3%A0_Paris_avec_son_p%C3%A8re_Jean..._-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Louis_Carrogis_dit_Carmontelle_-_Portrait_de_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_%28Salzbourg%2C_1756-Vienne%2C_1791%29_jouant_%C3%A0_Paris_avec_son_p%C3%A8re_Jean..._-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/170px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Louis_Carrogis_dit_Carmontelle_-_Portrait_de_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_%28Salzbourg%2C_1756-Vienne%2C_1791%29_jouant_%C3%A0_Paris_avec_son_p%C3%A8re_Jean..._-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/255px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Louis_Carrogis_dit_Carmontelle_-_Portrait_de_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_%28Salzbourg%2C_1756-Vienne%2C_1791%29_jouant_%C3%A0_Paris_avec_son_p%C3%A8re_Jean..._-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/340px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3322" data-file-height="5203" /></a><figcaption>Mozart family on tour: Leopold, Wolfgang, Nannerl; watercolour by <a href="/wiki/Louis_Carrogis_Carmontelle" title="Louis Carrogis Carmontelle">Carmontelle</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1763</span><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon199544_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon199544-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>These early pieces, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6chel_catalogue" title="Köchel catalogue">K.</a> 1–5, were recorded in the <i><a href="/wiki/Nannerl_Notenbuch" title="Nannerl Notenbuch">Nannerl Notenbuch</a></i>. There is some scholarly debate about whether Mozart was four or five years old when he created his first musical compositions, though there is little doubt that Mozart composed his first three pieces of music within a few weeks of each other: K. 1a, 1b, and 1c.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his early years, Wolfgang's father was his only teacher. Along with music, he taught his children languages and academic subjects.<sup id="cite_ref-solomon_1995_39_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-solomon_1995_39-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Biographer <a href="/wiki/Maynard_Solomon" title="Maynard Solomon">Solomon</a> notes that, while Leopold was a devoted teacher to his children, there is evidence that Mozart was keen to progress beyond what he was taught.<sup id="cite_ref-solomon_1995_39_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-solomon_1995_39-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first ink-spattered composition and his precocious efforts with the violin were of his initiative and came as a surprise to Leopold,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeutsch1965453_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeutsch1965453-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who eventually gave up composing when his son's musical talents became evident.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon199533_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon199533-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1762–73:_Travel"><span id="1762.E2.80.9373:_Travel"></span>1762–73: Travel</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Mozart_family_grand_tour" title="Mozart family grand tour">Mozart family grand tour</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mozart_in_Italy" title="Mozart in Italy">Mozart in Italy</a></div> <p>While Wolfgang was young, his family made several European journeys in which he and Nannerl performed as <a href="/wiki/Child_prodigy" title="Child prodigy">child prodigies</a>. These began with an exhibition in 1762 at the court of <a href="/wiki/Prince-elector" title="Prince-elector">Prince-elector</a> <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_III_Joseph,_Elector_of_Bavaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria">Maximilian III</a> of Bavaria in Munich, and at the Imperial Courts in Vienna and Prague. A long concert tour followed, spanning three and a half years, taking the family to the courts of Munich, <a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a>, Paris, London,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dover, The Hague, Amsterdam, Utrecht, <a href="/wiki/Mechelen" title="Mechelen">Mechelen</a> and again to Paris, and back home via <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donaueschingen" title="Donaueschingen">Donaueschingen</a>, and Munich.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrove1954926_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrove1954926-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this trip, Wolfgang met many musicians and acquainted himself with the works of other composers. A particularly significant influence was <a href="/wiki/Johann_Christian_Bach" title="Johann Christian Bach">Johann Christian Bach</a>, whom he visited in London in 1764 and 1765. When he was eight years old, Mozart wrote <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._1_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 1 (Mozart)">his first symphony</a>, most of which was probably transcribed by his father.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_at_the_age_of_13_in_Verona,_1770.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Portrait_of_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_at_the_age_of_13_in_Verona%2C_1770.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_at_the_age_of_13_in_Verona%2C_1770.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Portrait_of_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_at_the_age_of_13_in_Verona%2C_1770.jpg/330px-Portrait_of_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_at_the_age_of_13_in_Verona%2C_1770.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Portrait_of_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_at_the_age_of_13_in_Verona%2C_1770.jpg/440px-Portrait_of_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_at_the_age_of_13_in_Verona%2C_1770.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2475" data-file-height="3061" /></a><figcaption>Mozart aged 14 in January 1770 (School of Verona, attributed to <a href="/wiki/Giambettino_Cignaroli" title="Giambettino Cignaroli">Giambettino Cignaroli</a>)</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint listen-noimage"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_(1756-1791)_-_Quaerite_primum_regnum_Dei_%C3%A04,_K.86_73v_(1770).ogg" title="File:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) - Quaerite primum regnum Dei à4, K.86 73v (1770).ogg">Antiphon "Quaerite primum regnum Dei", K. 86/73v</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="62" data-mwtitle="Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_(1756-1791)_-_Quaerite_primum_regnum_Dei_à4,_K.86_73v_(1770).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/49/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_%281756-1791%29_-_Quaerite_primum_regnum_Dei_%C3%A04%2C_K.86_73v_%281770%29.ogg/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_%281756-1791%29_-_Quaerite_primum_regnum_Dei_%C3%A04%2C_K.86_73v_%281770%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_%281756-1791%29_-_Quaerite_primum_regnum_Dei_%C3%A04%2C_K.86_73v_%281770%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AWolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_%281756-1791%29_-_Quaerite_primum_regnum_Dei_%C3%A04%2C_K.86_73v_%281770%29.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Composed 9 October 1770 for admission to the <a href="/wiki/Accademia_Filarmonica_di_Bologna" title="Accademia Filarmonica di Bologna">Accademia Filarmonica di Bologna</a>; Performed by Phillip W. Serna, treble, tenor & bass <a href="/wiki/Viol" title="Viol">viols</a></div></div></div></div> </div> <p>The family trips were often challenging, and travel conditions were primitive.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalliwell199851,_53_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalliwell199851,_53-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had to wait for invitations and reimbursement from the nobility, and they endured long, near-fatal illnesses far from home: first Leopold (London, summer 1764),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalliwell199882–83_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalliwell199882–83-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> then both children (The Hague, autumn 1765).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalliwell199899–102_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalliwell199899–102-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The family again went to Vienna in late 1767 and remained there until December 1768. </p><p>After one year in Salzburg, Leopold and Wolfgang set off for Italy, leaving Anna Maria and Nannerl at home. This tour lasted from December 1769 to March 1771. As with earlier journeys, Leopold wanted to display his son's abilities as a performer and a rapidly maturing composer. Wolfgang met <a href="/wiki/Josef_Myslive%C4%8Dek" title="Josef Mysliveček">Josef Mysliveček</a> and <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Martini" title="Giovanni Battista Martini">Giovanni Battista Martini</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a> and was accepted as a member of the famous <a href="/wiki/Accademia_Filarmonica_di_Bologna" title="Accademia Filarmonica di Bologna">Accademia Filarmonica</a>. There exists a myth, according to which, while in Rome, he heard <a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Allegri" title="Gregorio Allegri">Gregorio Allegri</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Miserere_(Allegri)" title="Miserere (Allegri)">Miserere</a></i> twice in performance in the <a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel" title="Sistine Chapel">Sistine Chapel</a>. Allegedly, he subsequently wrote it out from memory, thus producing the "first unauthorized copy of this closely guarded property of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Vatican</a>". However, both origin and plausibility of this account are disputed.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutman2000271_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutman2000271-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Milan, Mozart wrote the opera <i><a href="/wiki/Mitridate,_re_di_Ponto" title="Mitridate, re di Ponto">Mitridate, re di Ponto</a></i> (1770), which was performed with success. This led to further opera <a href="/wiki/Commission_(art)" title="Commission (art)">commissions</a>. He returned with his father twice to Milan (August–December 1771; October 1772 – March 1773) for the composition and premieres of <i><a href="/wiki/Ascanio_in_Alba" title="Ascanio in Alba">Ascanio in Alba</a></i> (1771) and <i><a href="/wiki/Lucio_Silla" title="Lucio Silla">Lucio Silla</a></i> (1772). Leopold hoped these visits would result in a professional appointment for his son, and indeed ruling <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Karl,_Archduke_of_Austria-Este" title="Ferdinand Karl, Archduke of Austria-Este">Archduke Ferdinand</a> contemplated hiring Mozart, but owing to his mother <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa" title="Maria Theresa">Empress Maria Theresa</a>'s reluctance to employ "useless people", the matter was dropped<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Leopold's hopes were never realized.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalliwell1998172,_183–185_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalliwell1998172,_183–185-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Toward the end of the journey, Mozart wrote the solo <a href="/wiki/Motet" title="Motet">motet</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Exsultate,_jubilate" title="Exsultate, jubilate">Exsultate, jubilate</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6chel_catalogue" title="Köchel catalogue">K.</a>165. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1773–77:_Employment_at_the_Salzburg_court"><span id="1773.E2.80.9377:_Employment_at_the_Salzburg_court"></span>1773–77: Employment at the Salzburg court</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mozart%27s_old_home.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Mozart%27s_old_home.jpg/170px-Mozart%27s_old_home.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Mozart%27s_old_home.jpg/255px-Mozart%27s_old_home.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Mozart%27s_old_home.jpg/340px-Mozart%27s_old_home.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2320" data-file-height="3536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tanzmeisterhaus_Salzburg" title="Tanzmeisterhaus Salzburg">Tanzmeisterhaus</a>, Salzburg, Mozart family residence from 1773; reconstructed 1996</figcaption></figure> <p>After finally returning with his father from Italy on 13 March 1773, Mozart was employed as a court musician by the ruler of Salzburg, <a href="/wiki/Hieronymus_von_Colloredo_(1732%E2%80%931812)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hieronymus von Colloredo (1732–1812)">Prince-Archbishop Hieronymus Colloredo</a>. The composer had many friends and admirers in Salzburg<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995106_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995106-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and had the opportunity to work in many genres, including symphonies, sonatas, string quartets, <a href="/wiki/Mass_(music)" title="Mass (music)">masses</a>, serenades, and a few minor operas. Between April and December 1775, Mozart developed an enthusiasm for violin concertos, producing a series of five (the only ones he ever wrote), which steadily increased in their musical sophistication. The last three—<a href="/wiki/Violin_Concerto_No._3_(Mozart)" title="Violin Concerto No. 3 (Mozart)">K. 216</a>, <a href="/wiki/Violin_Concerto_No._4_(Mozart)" title="Violin Concerto No. 4 (Mozart)">K. 218</a>, <a href="/wiki/Violin_Concerto_No._5_(Mozart)" title="Violin Concerto No. 5 (Mozart)">K. 219</a>—are now staples of the repertoire. In 1776, he turned his efforts to <a href="/wiki/Mozart_piano_concertos" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozart piano concertos">piano concertos</a>, culminating in the E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> concerto <a href="/wiki/Piano_Concerto_No._9_(Mozart)" title="Piano Concerto No. 9 (Mozart)">K. 271</a> of early 1777, considered by critics to be a breakthrough work.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995103_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995103-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite these artistic successes, Mozart grew increasingly discontented with Salzburg and redoubled his efforts to find a position elsewhere. One reason was his low salary, 150 florins a year;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon199598_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon199598-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mozart longed to compose operas, and Salzburg provided only rare occasions for these. The situation worsened in 1775 when the court theatre was closed, especially since the other theatre in Salzburg was primarily reserved for visiting troupes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995107_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995107-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two long expeditions in search of work interrupted this long Salzburg stay. Mozart and his father visited Vienna from 14 July to 26 September 1773, and Munich from 6<span class="nowrap"> </span>December 1774 to March 1775. Neither visit was successful, though the Munich journey resulted in a popular success with the premiere of Mozart's opera <i><a href="/wiki/La_finta_giardiniera" title="La finta giardiniera">La finta giardiniera</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995109_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995109-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1777–78:_Journey_to_Paris"><span id="1777.E2.80.9378:_Journey_to_Paris"></span>1777–78: Journey to Paris</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Martini_bologna_mozart_1777.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Martini_bologna_mozart_1777.jpg/180px-Martini_bologna_mozart_1777.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Martini_bologna_mozart_1777.jpg/270px-Martini_bologna_mozart_1777.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Martini_bologna_mozart_1777.jpg/360px-Martini_bologna_mozart_1777.jpg 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Mozart wearing the badge of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Spur" title="Order of the Golden Spur">Order of the Golden Spur</a> which he received in 1770 from <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_XIV" title="Pope Clement XIV">Pope Clement XIV</a> in Rome. The painting is a 1777 copy of a work now lost.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVatican1770_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVatican1770-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mozart_Family_Croce.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Mozart_Family_Croce.jpg/220px-Mozart_Family_Croce.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Mozart_Family_Croce.jpg/330px-Mozart_Family_Croce.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Mozart_Family_Croce.jpg/440px-Mozart_Family_Croce.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10867" data-file-height="8120" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mozart_family" title="Mozart family">Mozart family</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1780</span> (<a href="/wiki/Johann_Nepomuk_della_Croce" title="Johann Nepomuk della Croce">della Croce</a>); the portrait on the wall is of Mozart's mother.</figcaption></figure> <p>In August 1777, Mozart resigned his position at Salzburg<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalliwell1998225_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalliwell1998225-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on 23 September ventured out once more in search of employment, with visits to <a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a>, Mannheim, Paris, and Munich.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadie1998_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESadie1998-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mozart became acquainted with members of the <a href="/wiki/Mannheim_school" title="Mannheim school">famous orchestra</a> in Mannheim, the best in Europe at the time. He also fell in love with <a href="/wiki/Aloysia_Weber" title="Aloysia Weber">Aloysia Weber</a>, one of four daughters of a musical family. There were prospects of employment in Mannheim, but they came to nothing,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Mozart left for Paris on 14 March 1778<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeutsch1965174_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeutsch1965174-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to continue his search. One of his letters from Paris hints at a possible post as an organist at <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Versailles</a>, but Mozart was not interested in such an appointment.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995149_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995149-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He fell into debt and took to pawning valuables.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalliwell1998304–305_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalliwell1998304–305-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The nadir of the visit occurred when Mozart's mother was taken ill and died on 3<span class="nowrap"> </span>July 1778.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbert2007509_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbert2007509-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There had been delays in calling a doctor—probably, according to Halliwell, because of a lack of funds.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalliwell1998305_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalliwell1998305-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mozart stayed with <a href="/wiki/Melchior_Grimm" class="mw-redirect" title="Melchior Grimm">Melchior Grimm</a> at <a href="/wiki/Louise_d%27%C3%89pinay" title="Louise d'Épinay">Marquise d'Épinay</a>'s residence, 5 <a href="/wiki/Rue_de_la_Chauss%C3%A9e-d%27Antin" title="Rue de la Chaussée-d'Antin">rue de la Chaussée-d'Antin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While Mozart was in Paris, his father was pursuing opportunities of employment for him in Salzburg.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalliwell1998chs._18–19_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalliwell1998chs._18–19-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the support of the local nobility, Mozart was offered a post as court organist and concertmaster. The annual salary was 450 florins,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995157_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995157-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but he was reluctant to accept.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalliwell1998322_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalliwell1998322-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By that time, relations between Grimm and Mozart had cooled, and Mozart moved out. After leaving Paris in September 1778 for Strasbourg, he lingered in Mannheim and Munich, still hoping to obtain an appointment outside Salzburg. In Munich, he again encountered Aloysia, now a very successful singer, but she was no longer interested in him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadie1998§3_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESadie1998§3-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mozart finally returned to Salzburg on 15 January 1779 and took up his new appointment, but his discontent with Salzburg remained undiminished.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the better-known works which Mozart wrote on the Paris journey are the <a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_No._8_(Mozart)" title="Piano Sonata No. 8 (Mozart)">A minor piano sonata</a>, K. 310/300d, the <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._31_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 31 (Mozart)">"Paris" Symphony</a> (No. 31), which were performed in Paris on 12 and 18 June 1778;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeutsch1965176_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeutsch1965176-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Concerto_for_Flute,_Harp,_and_Orchestra_(Mozart)" title="Concerto for Flute, Harp, and Orchestra (Mozart)">Concerto for Flute and Harp</a> in C major, K. 299/297c.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEinstein1965276–277_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEinstein1965276–277-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vienna">Vienna</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1781:_Departure">1781: Departure</h4></div> <p>In January 1781, Mozart's opera <i><a href="/wiki/Idomeneo" title="Idomeneo">Idomeneo</a></i> premiered with "considerable success" in Munich.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadie1980vol._12,_p._700_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESadie1980vol._12,_p._700-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following March, Mozart was summoned to Vienna, where his employer, Archbishop Colloredo, was attending the celebrations for the accession of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph II</a> to the Austrian throne. For Colloredo, this was simply a matter of wanting his musical servant to be at hand (Mozart indeed was required to dine in Colloredo's establishment with the valets and cooks).<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He planned a bigger career as he continued in the archbishop's service;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpaethling2000238_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpaethling2000238-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for example, he wrote to his father: </p> <blockquote><p>My main goal right now is to meet the emperor in some agreeable fashion, I am absolutely determined he <em>should get to know me</em>. I would be so happy if I could whip through my opera for him and then play a fugue or two, for that's what he likes.<sup id="cite_ref-Spaethling237_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spaethling237-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Mozart did indeed soon meet the Emperor, who eventually was to support his career substantially with commissions and a part-time position. </p><p>In the same letter to his father just quoted, Mozart outlined his plans to participate as a soloist in the concerts of the <i><a href="/wiki/Tonk%C3%BCnstler-Societ%C3%A4t" title="Tonkünstler-Societät">Tonkünstler-Societät</a></i>, a prominent benefit concert series;<sup id="cite_ref-Spaethling237_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spaethling237-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this plan as well came to pass after the local nobility prevailed on Colloredo to drop his opposition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpaethling2000238–239_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpaethling2000238–239-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Colloredo's wish to prevent Mozart from performing outside his establishment was in other cases carried through, raising the composer's anger; one example was a chance to perform before the Emperor at <a href="/wiki/Maria_Wilhelmine_Thun" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Wilhelmine Thun">Countess Thun</a>'s for a fee equal to half of his yearly Salzburg salary. </p><p>The quarrel with the archbishop came to a head in May: Mozart attempted to resign and was refused. The following month, permission was granted, but in a grossly insulting way: the composer was dismissed literally "with a kick in the arse", administered by the archbishop's steward, Count Arco. Mozart decided to settle in Vienna as a freelance performer and composer.<sup id="cite_ref-sadie_1998_4_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sadie_1998_4-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The quarrel with Colloredo was more difficult for Mozart because his father sided against him. Hoping fervently that he would obediently follow Colloredo back to Salzburg, Mozart's father exchanged intense letters with his son, urging him to be reconciled with their employer. Mozart passionately defended his intention to pursue an independent career in Vienna. The debate ended when Mozart was dismissed by the archbishop, freeing himself both of his employer and of his father's demands to return. Solomon characterizes Mozart's resignation as a "revolutionary step" that significantly altered the course of his life.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995247_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995247-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Early_years">Early years</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Haydn_and_Mozart" title="Haydn and Mozart">Haydn and Mozart</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mozart_and_Freemasonry" title="Mozart and Freemasonry">Mozart and Freemasonry</a></div> <p>Mozart's new career in Vienna began well. He often performed as a pianist, notably in a competition before the Emperor with <a href="/wiki/Muzio_Clementi" title="Muzio Clementi">Muzio Clementi</a> on 24 December 1781,<sup id="cite_ref-sadie_1998_4_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sadie_1998_4-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he soon "had established himself as the finest keyboard player in Vienna".<sup id="cite_ref-sadie_1998_4_57-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sadie_1998_4-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also prospered as a composer, and in 1782 completed the opera <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Entf%C3%BChrung_aus_dem_Serail" title="Die Entführung aus dem Serail">Die Entführung aus dem Serail</a></i> ("The Abduction from the Seraglio"), which premiered on 16 July 1782 and achieved considerable success. The work was soon being performed "throughout German-speaking Europe",<sup id="cite_ref-sadie_1998_4_57-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sadie_1998_4-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and thoroughly established Mozart's reputation as a composer. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Constanze_Mozart_by_Lange_1782.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Constanze_Mozart_by_Lange_1782.jpg/170px-Constanze_Mozart_by_Lange_1782.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Constanze_Mozart_by_Lange_1782.jpg/255px-Constanze_Mozart_by_Lange_1782.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Constanze_Mozart_by_Lange_1782.jpg/340px-Constanze_Mozart_by_Lange_1782.jpg 2x" data-file-width="556" data-file-height="749" /></a><figcaption>1782 portrait of <a href="/wiki/Constanze_Mozart" title="Constanze Mozart">Constanze Mozart</a> by her brother-in-law <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lange" title="Joseph Lange">Joseph Lange</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Near the height of his quarrels with Colloredo, Mozart moved in with the Weber family, who had moved to Vienna from Mannheim. The family's father, Fridolin, had died, and the Webers were now taking in lodgers to make ends meet.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995253_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995253-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Marriage_and_children">Marriage and children</h4></div> <p>After failing to win the hand of Aloysia Weber, who was now married to the actor and artist <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lange" title="Joseph Lange">Joseph Lange</a>, Mozart's interest shifted to the third daughter of the family, <a href="/wiki/Constanze_Mozart" title="Constanze Mozart">Constanze</a>. </p><p>The courtship did not go entirely smoothly; surviving correspondence indicates that Mozart and Constanze briefly broke up in April 1782, over an episode involving jealousy (Constanze had permitted another young man to measure her calves in a parlor game).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995259_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995259-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mozart also faced a very difficult task getting permission for the marriage from his father, <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Mozart" title="Leopold Mozart">Leopold</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995258_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995258-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The marriage took place in an atmosphere of crisis. <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Heartz" title="Daniel Heartz">Daniel Heartz</a> suggests that eventually Constanze moved in with Mozart, which would have placed her in disgrace by the mores of the time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeartz200947_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeartz200947-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mozart wrote to Leopold on 31 July 1782, "All the good and well-intentioned advice you have sent fails to address the case of a man who has already gone so far with a maiden. Further postponement is out of the question."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeartz200947_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeartz200947-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heartz relates, "Constanze's sister <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Weber" title="Sophie Weber">Sophie</a> had tearfully declared that her mother would send the police after Constanze if she did not return home [presumably from Mozart's apartment]."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeartz200947_62-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeartz200947-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 4 August, Mozart wrote to Baroness von Waldstätten, asking: "Can the police here enter anyone's house in this way? Perhaps it is only a ruse of Madame Weber to get her daughter back. If not, I know no better remedy than to marry Constanze tomorrow morning or if possible today."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeartz200947_62-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeartz200947-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The couple were finally married on 4<span class="nowrap"> </span>August 1782 in <a href="/wiki/St._Stephen%27s_Cathedral,_Vienna" title="St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna">St. Stephen's Cathedral</a>, the day before his father's consenting letter arrived in the mail. In the marriage contract, Constanze "assigns to her bridegroom five hundred gulden which ... the latter has promised to augment with one thousand gulden", with the total "to pass to the survivor". Further, all joint acquisitions during the marriage were to remain the common property of both.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeutsch1965204_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeutsch1965204-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The couple had six children, of whom only two survived infancy:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995265–266_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995265–266-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Raimund Leopold (17 June – 19 August 1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Thomas_Mozart" title="Karl Thomas Mozart">Karl Thomas Mozart</a> (21 September 1784 – 31 October 1858)</li> <li>Johann Thomas Leopold (18 October – 15 November 1786)</li> <li>Theresia Constanzia Adelheid Friedericke Maria Anna (27 December 1787 – 29 June 1788)</li> <li>Anna Maria (died soon after birth, 16 November 1789)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Xaver_Wolfgang_Mozart" title="Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart">Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart</a> (26 July 1791 – 29 July 1844)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1782–87"><span id="1782.E2.80.9387"></span>1782–87</h3></div> <p>In 1782 and 1783, Mozart became intimately acquainted with the work of <a href="/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach" title="Johann Sebastian Bach">Johann Sebastian Bach</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Frideric_Handel" title="George Frideric Handel">George Frideric Handel</a> as a result of the influence of <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_van_Swieten" title="Gottfried van Swieten">Gottfried van Swieten</a>, who owned many manuscripts of the <a href="/wiki/Baroque_music" title="Baroque music">Baroque</a> masters. Mozart's study of these scores inspired compositions in Baroque style and later influenced his musical language, for example in <a href="/wiki/Fugue" title="Fugue">fugal</a> passages in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Flute" title="The Magic Flute">Die Zauberflöte</a></i> ("The Magic Flute") and the finale of <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._41_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 41 (Mozart)">Symphony No. 41</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisenSadie2001_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisenSadie2001-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1783, Mozart and his wife visited his family in Salzburg. His father and sister were cordially polite to Constanze, but the visit prompted the composition of one of Mozart's great liturgical pieces, the <a href="/wiki/Great_Mass_in_C_minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Mass in C minor">Mass in C minor</a>. Though not completed, it was premiered in Salzburg, with Constanze singing a solo part.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995270_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995270-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mozart met <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Haydn" title="Joseph Haydn">Joseph Haydn</a> in Vienna around 1784, and the two composers became friends. When Haydn visited Vienna, they sometimes played together in an impromptu <a href="/wiki/String_quartet" title="String quartet">string quartet</a>. Mozart's <a href="/wiki/Haydn_Quartets_(Mozart)" title="Haydn Quartets (Mozart)">six quartets dedicated to Haydn</a> (K. 387, K. 421, K. 428, K. 458, K. 464, and K. 465) date from the period 1782 to 1785, and are judged to be a response to <a href="/wiki/String_Quartets,_Op._33_(Haydn)" title="String Quartets, Op. 33 (Haydn)">Haydn's Opus 33</a> set from 1781.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Haydn wrote, "posterity will not see such a talent again in 100 years"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELandon1990171_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELandon1990171-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1785 told Mozart's father: "I tell you before God, and as an honest man, your son is the greatest composer known to me by person and repute, he has taste and what is more the greatest skill in composition."<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1782 to 1785 Mozart mounted concerts with himself as a soloist, presenting three or four new piano concertos in each season. Since space in the theatres was scarce, he booked unconventional venues: a large room in the Trattnerhof apartment building, and the ballroom of the Mehlgrube restaurant.<sup id="cite_ref-solomon_1995_293_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-solomon_1995_293-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The concerts were very popular, and <a href="/wiki/Piano_concertos_by_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Piano concertos by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">his concertos</a> premiered there are still firm fixtures in the repertoire. Solomon writes that during this period, Mozart created "a harmonious connection between an eager composer-performer and a delighted audience, which was given the opportunity of witnessing the transformation and perfection of a major musical genre".<sup id="cite_ref-solomon_1995_293_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-solomon_1995_293-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With substantial returns from his concerts and elsewhere, Mozart and his wife adopted a more luxurious lifestyle. They moved to an expensive apartment, with a yearly rent of 460 florins.<sup id="cite_ref-solomon_1995_298_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-solomon_1995_298-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mozart bought a fine <a href="/wiki/Fortepiano" title="Fortepiano">fortepiano</a> from <a href="/wiki/Anton_Walter" title="Anton Walter">Anton Walter</a> for about 900 florins, and a <a href="/wiki/Carom_billiards" title="Carom billiards">billiard</a> table for about 300.<sup id="cite_ref-solomon_1995_298_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-solomon_1995_298-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mozarts sent their son <a href="/wiki/Karl_Thomas_Mozart" title="Karl Thomas Mozart">Karl Thomas</a> to an expensive boarding school<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995430_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995430-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995578_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995578-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and kept servants. During this period Mozart saved little of his income.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995§27_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995§27-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995431_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995431-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 14 December 1784, Mozart became a <a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Freemason</a>, admitted to the lodge Zur Wohltätigkeit ("Beneficence").<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995321_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995321-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Freemasonry played an essential role in the remainder of Mozart's life: he attended meetings, a number of his friends were Masons, and on various occasions, he composed Masonic music, e.g. the <a href="/wiki/Maurerische_Trauermusik" title="Maurerische Trauermusik">Maurerische Trauermusik</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1786–87:_Return_to_opera"><span id="1786.E2.80.9387:_Return_to_opera"></span>1786–87: Return to opera</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mozart%C5%AFv_klav%C3%ADr_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Mozart%C5%AFv_klav%C3%ADr_1.jpg/170px-Mozart%C5%AFv_klav%C3%ADr_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Mozart%C5%AFv_klav%C3%ADr_1.jpg/255px-Mozart%C5%AFv_klav%C3%ADr_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Mozart%C5%AFv_klav%C3%ADr_1.jpg/340px-Mozart%C5%AFv_klav%C3%ADr_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fortepiano" title="Fortepiano">Fortepiano</a> played by Mozart in 1787, Czech Museum of Music, Prague<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Despite the great success of <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Entf%C3%BChrung_aus_dem_Serail" title="Die Entführung aus dem Serail">Die Entführung aus dem Serail</a></i>, Mozart did little operatic writing for the next four years, producing only two unfinished works and the one-act <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Schauspieldirektor" title="Der Schauspieldirektor">Der Schauspieldirektor</a></i>. He focused instead on his career as a piano soloist and writer of concertos. Around the end of 1785, Mozart moved away from keyboard writing<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_September_2010]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(September_2010)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_September_2010]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(September_2010)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and began his famous operatic collaboration with the <a href="/wiki/Libretto" title="Libretto">librettist</a> <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Da_Ponte" title="Lorenzo Da Ponte">Lorenzo Da Ponte</a>. The year 1786 saw the successful premiere of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Marriage_of_Figaro" title="The Marriage of Figaro">Le nozze di Figaro</a></i> in Vienna. Its <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_and_Prague" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Prague">reception in Prague</a> later in the year was even warmer, and this led to a second collaboration with Da Ponte: the opera <i><a href="/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni">Don Giovanni</a></i>, which premiered in October 1787 to acclaim in Prague, but less success in Vienna during 1788.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman2021131–168_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman2021131–168-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two are among Mozart's most famous works and are mainstays of operatic repertoire today, though at their premieres their musical complexity caused difficulty both for listeners and for performers. These developments were not witnessed by Mozart's father, who had died on 28 May 1787.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 1787, Mozart finally obtained a steady post under aristocratic patronage. Emperor Joseph II appointed him as his "chamber composer", a post that had fallen vacant the previous month on the death of <a href="/wiki/Christoph_Willibald_Gluck" title="Christoph Willibald Gluck">Gluck</a>. It was a part-time appointment, paying just 800 florins per year, and required Mozart only to compose dances for the annual balls in the <a href="/wiki/Hofburg_Palace" class="mw-redirect" title="Hofburg Palace">Redoutensaal</a> (see <i><a href="/wiki/Mozart_and_dance" title="Mozart and dance">Mozart and dance</a></i>). This modest income became important to Mozart when hard times arrived. Court records show that Joseph aimed to keep the esteemed composer from leaving Vienna in pursuit of better prospects.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995423–424_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995423–424-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1787, the young <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Ludwig van Beethoven</a> spent several weeks in Vienna, hoping to study with Mozart.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaberl2006215–255_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaberl2006215–255-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No reliable records survive to indicate whether the <a href="/wiki/Beethoven_and_Mozart" title="Beethoven and Mozart">two composers</a> ever met. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_years">Later years</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1788–90"><span id="1788.E2.80.9390"></span>1788–90</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mozart%27s_Berlin_journey" title="Mozart's Berlin journey">Mozart's Berlin journey</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mozart_drawing_Doris_Stock_1789.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mozart_drawing_Doris_Stock_1789.jpg/170px-Mozart_drawing_Doris_Stock_1789.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mozart_drawing_Doris_Stock_1789.jpg/255px-Mozart_drawing_Doris_Stock_1789.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Mozart_drawing_Doris_Stock_1789.jpg/340px-Mozart_drawing_Doris_Stock_1789.jpg 2x" data-file-width="457" data-file-height="538" /></a><figcaption>Drawing of Mozart in <a href="/wiki/Silverpoint" title="Silverpoint">silverpoint</a>, made by <a href="/wiki/Dora_Stock" title="Dora Stock">Dora Stock</a> during Mozart's visit to Dresden, April 1789</figcaption></figure> <p>Toward the end of the decade, Mozart's circumstances worsened. Around 1786, he ceased to appear frequently in public concerts, and his income shrank.<sup id="cite_ref-sadie_1998_6_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sadie_1998_6-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was a difficult time for musicians in Vienna because of the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Turkish_War_(1788%E2%80%931791)" title="Austro-Turkish War (1788–1791)">Austro-Turkish War</a>: both the general level of prosperity and the ability of the aristocracy to support music had declined. In 1788, Mozart saw a 66% decline in his income compared to his best years in 1781.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995427,_432_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995427,_432-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By mid-1788, Mozart and his family had moved from central Vienna to the suburb of <a href="/wiki/Alsergrund" title="Alsergrund">Alsergrund</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sadie_1998_6_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sadie_1998_6-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although it has been suggested that Mozart aimed to reduce his rental expenses by moving to a suburb, as he wrote in his letter to <a href="/wiki/Michael_von_Puchberg" title="Michael von Puchberg">Michael von Puchberg</a>, Mozart had not reduced his expenses but merely increased the housing space at his disposal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELorenz2010_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELorenz2010-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mozart began to borrow money, most often from his friend and fellow mason Puchberg; "a pitiful sequence of letters pleading for loans" survives.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadie1980vol._12,_p._710_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESadie1980vol._12,_p._710-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Maynard Solomon and others have suggested that Mozart was suffering from depression, and it seems his musical output slowed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESteptoe1990208_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESteptoe1990208-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Major works of the period include the last three symphonies (Nos. <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._39_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 39 (Mozart)">39</a>, <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._40_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 40 (Mozart)">40</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._41_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 41 (Mozart)">41</a>, all from 1788), and the last of the three Da Ponte operas, <i><a href="/wiki/Cos%C3%AC_fan_tutte" title="Così fan tutte">Così fan tutte</a></i>, premiered in 1790. </p><p>Around this time, Mozart made some long journeys hoping to improve his fortunes, visiting Leipzig, Dresden, and Berlin in the spring of 1789, and <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a>, Mannheim, and other German cities in 1790. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1791">1791</h4></div> <p>Mozart's last year was, until his final illness struck, a time of high productivity—and by some accounts, one of personal recovery.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995§30_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995§30-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He composed a great deal, including some of his most admired works: the opera <i><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Flute" title="The Magic Flute">The Magic Flute</a></i>; the final piano concerto (<a href="/wiki/Piano_Concerto_No._27_(Mozart)" title="Piano Concerto No. 27 (Mozart)">K. 595 in B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span></a>); the <a href="/wiki/Clarinet_Concerto_(Mozart)" title="Clarinet Concerto (Mozart)">Clarinet Concerto</a> K. 622; the last in his series of string quintets (<a href="/wiki/String_Quintet_No._6_(Mozart)" title="String Quintet No. 6 (Mozart)">K. 614 in E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span></a>); the motet <a href="/wiki/Ave_verum_corpus_(Mozart)" title="Ave verum corpus (Mozart)">Ave verum corpus</a> K. 618; and the unfinished <a href="/wiki/Requiem_(Mozart)" title="Requiem (Mozart)">Requiem</a> K. 626. </p><p>Mozart's financial situation, a source of anxiety in 1790, finally began to improve. Although the evidence is inconclusive,<sup id="cite_ref-solomon_1995_477_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-solomon_1995_477-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it appears that wealthy patrons in Hungary and Amsterdam pledged annuities to Mozart in return for the occasional composition. He is thought to have benefited from the sale of dance music written in his role as Imperial chamber composer.<sup id="cite_ref-solomon_1995_477_92-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-solomon_1995_477-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mozart no longer borrowed large sums from Puchberg and began to pay off his debts.<sup id="cite_ref-solomon_1995_477_92-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-solomon_1995_477-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He experienced great satisfaction in the public success of some of his works, notably <i>The Magic Flute</i> (which was performed several times in the short period between its premiere and Mozart's death)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995487_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995487-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Little Masonic Cantata K. 623, premiered on 17 November 1791.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Final_illness_and_death">Final illness and death</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Death of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Death of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wolfgang-amadeus-mozart_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Wolfgang-amadeus-mozart_1.jpg/170px-Wolfgang-amadeus-mozart_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Wolfgang-amadeus-mozart_1.jpg/255px-Wolfgang-amadeus-mozart_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Wolfgang-amadeus-mozart_1.jpg/340px-Wolfgang-amadeus-mozart_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2996" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption>Posthumous painting by <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Krafft" title="Barbara Krafft">Barbara Krafft</a> in 1819</figcaption></figure><p>Mozart fell ill while in Prague for the premiere, on 6<span class="nowrap"> </span>September 1791, of his opera <i><a href="/wiki/La_clemenza_di_Tito" title="La clemenza di Tito">La clemenza di Tito</a></i>, which was written in that same year on commission for Emperor <a href="/wiki/Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor">Leopold II</a>'s coronation festivities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman2021193–230_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman2021193–230-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He continued his professional functions for some time and conducted the premiere of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Flute" title="The Magic Flute">The Magic Flute</a></i> on 30 September. His health deteriorated on 20 November, at which point he became bedridden, suffering from swelling, pain, and vomiting.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995491_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995491-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mozart was nursed in his final days by his wife and her youngest sister, and was attended by the family doctor, Thomas Franz Closset. He was mentally occupied with the task of finishing his <a href="/wiki/Requiem_(Mozart)" title="Requiem (Mozart)">Requiem</a>, but the evidence that he dictated passages to his student <a href="/wiki/Franz_Xaver_S%C3%BCssmayr" title="Franz Xaver Süssmayr">Franz Xaver Süssmayr</a> is minimal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995493,_588_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995493,_588-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mozart died in his home on 5 December 1791<span style="display:none">(1791-12-05)</span> (aged 35) at 12:55 am.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" title="The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians">New Grove</a></i> describes his funeral: </p> <blockquote><p>Mozart was interred in a common grave, in accordance with contemporary Viennese custom, at the <a href="/wiki/St._Marx_Cemetery" title="St. Marx Cemetery">St. Marx Cemetery</a> outside the city on 7<span class="nowrap"> </span>December. If, as later reports say, no mourners attended, that too is consistent with Viennese burial customs at the time; later <a href="/wiki/Otto_Jahn" title="Otto Jahn">Otto Jahn</a> (1856) wrote that <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Salieri" title="Antonio Salieri">Salieri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franz_Xaver_S%C3%BCssmayr" title="Franz Xaver Süssmayr">Süssmayr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_van_Swieten" title="Gottfried van Swieten">van Swieten</a> and two other musicians were present. The tale of a storm and snow is false; the day was calm and mild.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadie1980vol._12,_p._716_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESadie1980vol._12,_p._716-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The expression "common grave" refers to neither a communal grave nor a pauper's grave, but an individual grave for a member of the common people (i.e., not the aristocracy). Common graves were subject to excavation after ten years; the graves of aristocrats were not.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cause of Mozart's death is not known with certainty. The official record of <i>hitziges Frieselfieber</i> ("severe miliary fever", referring to a rash that looks like <a href="/wiki/Millet" title="Millet">millet seeds</a>) is more a symptomatic description than a diagnosis. Researchers have suggested more than a hundred causes of death, including acute <a href="/wiki/Rheumatic_fever" title="Rheumatic fever">rheumatic fever</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Wakin_2010_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wakin_2010-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Streptococcus" title="Streptococcus">streptococcal</a> infection,<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Trichinosis" title="Trichinosis">trichinosis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Influenza" title="Influenza">influenza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mercury_poisoning" title="Mercury poisoning">mercury poisoning</a>, and a rare <a href="/wiki/Nephrology" title="Nephrology">kidney</a> ailment.<sup id="cite_ref-Wakin_2010_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wakin_2010-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mozart's modest funeral did not reflect his standing with the public as a composer; memorial services and concerts in Vienna and Prague were well attended. Indeed, in the period immediately after his death, his reputation rose substantially. Solomon describes an "unprecedented wave of enthusiasm"<sup id="cite_ref-Solomonp499_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Solomonp499-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for his work; <a href="/wiki/Biographies_of_Mozart" title="Biographies of Mozart">biographies were written</a> first by <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schlichtegroll" title="Friedrich Schlichtegroll">Schlichtegroll</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franz_Xaver_Niemetschek" title="Franz Xaver Niemetschek">Niemetschek</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Georg_Nikolaus_von_Nissen" title="Georg Nikolaus von Nissen">Nissen</a>, and publishers vied to produce complete editions of his works.<sup id="cite_ref-Solomonp499_107-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Solomonp499-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Appearance_and_character">Appearance and character</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Appearance_and_character_of_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Appearance and character of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Appearance and character of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mozart-Lange_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mozart-Lange_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Mozart-Lange_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mozart-Lange_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Mozart-Lange_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Mozart-Lange_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Mozart-Lange_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3950" data-file-height="5643" /></a><figcaption>Detail of Mozart's portrait by his brother-in-law <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lange" title="Joseph Lange">Joseph Lange</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Mozart's physical appearance was described by tenor <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kelly_(tenor)" title="Michael Kelly (tenor)">Michael Kelly</a> in his <i>Reminiscences</i>: "a remarkably small man, very thin and pale, with a profusion of fine, fair hair of which he was rather vain". His early biographer Niemetschek wrote, "there was nothing special about [his] physique.<span class="nowrap"> </span>... He was small and his countenance, except for his large intense eyes, gave no signs of his genius." His facial complexion was pitted, a reminder of his <a href="/wiki/Mozart_and_smallpox" title="Mozart and smallpox">childhood case of smallpox</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of his voice, his wife later wrote that it "was a tenor, rather soft in speaking and delicate in singing, but when anything excited him, or it became necessary to exert it, it was both powerful and energetic."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995308_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995308-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He loved elegant clothing. Kelly remembered him at a rehearsal: <span class="nowrap">"[He]</span> was on the stage with his crimson <a href="/wiki/Pelisse" title="Pelisse">pelisse</a> and gold-laced <a href="/wiki/Bicorne" title="Bicorne">cocked hat</a>, giving the time of the music to the orchestra." Based on paintings that researchers were able to find of Mozart, he seemed to wear a white wig for most of his formal occasions—researchers of the <a href="/wiki/Salzburg_Mozarteum" class="mw-redirect" title="Salzburg Mozarteum">Salzburg Mozarteum</a> declared that only one of his fourteen portraits they had found showed him without his wig.<sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph_108-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mozart usually worked long and hard, finishing compositions at a tremendous pace as deadlines approached. He often made sketches and drafts; unlike Beethoven's, these are mostly not preserved, as his wife sought to destroy them after his death.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995310_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995310-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mozart lived at the center of the Viennese musical world, and knew a significant number and variety of people: fellow musicians, theatrical performers, fellow Salzburgers, and aristocrats, including some acquaintance with Emperor <a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph II</a>. Solomon considers his three closest friends to have been Gottfried von Jacquin, Count August Hatzfeld, and Sigmund Barisani; others included his elder colleague <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Haydn" title="Joseph Haydn">Joseph Haydn</a>, singers <a href="/wiki/Franz_Xaver_Gerl" title="Franz Xaver Gerl">Franz Xaver Gerl</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benedikt_Schack" title="Benedikt Schack">Benedikt Schack</a>, and the horn player <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Leutgeb" title="Joseph Leutgeb">Joseph Leutgeb</a>. Leutgeb and Mozart carried on a kind of friendly mockery, often with Leutgeb as the butt of Mozart's <a href="/wiki/Practical_joke" title="Practical joke">practical jokes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995§20_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995§20-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He enjoyed <a href="/wiki/Billiards" class="mw-redirect" title="Billiards">billiards</a>, dancing, and kept pets, including a canary, a <a href="/wiki/Mozart%27s_starling" title="Mozart's starling">starling</a>, a dog, and a horse for recreational riding.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995319_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995319-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had a startling fondness for <a href="/wiki/Mozart_and_scatology" title="Mozart and scatology">scatological humour</a>, which is preserved in his surviving letters, notably those written to his cousin <a href="/wiki/Maria_Anna_Thekla_Mozart" title="Maria Anna Thekla Mozart">Maria Anna Thekla Mozart</a> around 1777–1778, and in his correspondence with his sister and parents.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995169_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995169-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mozart also wrote scatological music, a series of <a href="/wiki/Canon_(music)" title="Canon (music)">canons</a> that he sang with his friends.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had an ear for languages, and having traveled all over Europe as a boy, was fluent in Latin, Italian, and French in addition to his native Salzburg dialect of German. He possibly also understood and spoke some English, having jokingly written "You are an ass" after his 19-year-old student <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Attwood_(composer)" title="Thomas Attwood (composer)">Thomas Attwood</a> made a thoughtless mistake on his exercise papers.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mozart <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_and_the_Catholic_Church" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and the Catholic Church">was raised a Catholic</a> and remained a devout member of the Church throughout his life.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbert2007[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidl6I6BwTMJ3sCpgPA743_743]_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbert2007[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidl6I6BwTMJ3sCpgPA743_743]-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He embraced the teachings of <a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Freemasonry</a> in 1784.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works,_musical_style,_and_innovations"><span id="Works.2C_musical_style.2C_and_innovations"></span>Works, musical style, and innovations</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="List of compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">List of compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_operas_by_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="List of operas by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">List of operas by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mozart%27s_compositional_method" title="Mozart's compositional method">Mozart's compositional method</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Style">Style</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132"><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint listen-noimage"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_-_Symphony_40_g-moll_-_1._Molto_allegro.ogg" title="File:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - Symphony 40 g-moll - 1. Molto allegro.ogg">Symphonie Nr. 40 G minor, K. 550. Movement: 1. Molto allegro</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="494" data-mwtitle="Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_-_Symphony_40_g-moll_-_1._Molto_allegro.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_-_Symphony_40_g-moll_-_1._Molto_allegro.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/99/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_-_Symphony_40_g-moll_-_1._Molto_allegro.ogg/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_-_Symphony_40_g-moll_-_1._Molto_allegro.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"></div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_Overt%C3%BCre.ogg" title="File:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - Don Giovanni - Overtüre.ogg">Overture to <i>Don Giovanni</i></a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_2" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="409" data-mwtitle="Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_Overtüre.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_Overt%C3%BCre.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_Overt%C3%BCre.ogg/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_-_Don_Giovanni_-_Overt%C3%BCre.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Both performed by the Fulda Symphonic Orchestra, conductor: Simon Schindler</div></div></div></div> </div> <p>Mozart's music, like <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Haydn" title="Joseph Haydn">Haydn</a>'s, stands as an archetype of the <a href="/wiki/Classical_period_(music)" title="Classical period (music)">Classical style</a>. At the time he began composing, European music was dominated by the <i><a href="/wiki/Galant" class="mw-redirect" title="Galant">style galant</a></i>, a reaction against the highly evolved intricacy of the <a href="/wiki/Baroque_music" title="Baroque music">Baroque</a>. Progressively, and in large part at the hands of Mozart himself, the <a href="/wiki/Counterpoint" title="Counterpoint">contrapuntal</a> complexities of the late Baroque emerged once more, moderated and disciplined by new <a href="/wiki/Musical_form" title="Musical form">forms</a>, and adapted to a new aesthetic and social milieu. Mozart was a versatile composer, and wrote in every major genre, including <a href="/wiki/Symphony" title="Symphony">symphony</a>, opera, the solo concerto, chamber music including <a href="/wiki/String_quartet" title="String quartet">string quartet</a> and <a href="/wiki/String_quintet" title="String quintet">string quintet</a>, and the piano <a href="/wiki/Sonata" title="Sonata">sonata</a>. These forms were not new, but Mozart advanced their technical sophistication and emotional reach. He almost single-handedly developed and popularized the Classical <a href="/wiki/Mozart_piano_concertos" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozart piano concertos">piano concerto</a>. He wrote a great deal of <a href="/wiki/Religious_music" title="Religious music">religious music</a>, including large-scale <a href="/wiki/Mass_(music)" title="Mass (music)">masses</a>, as well as dances, <a href="/wiki/Divertimento" title="Divertimento">divertimenti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serenade" title="Serenade">serenades</a>, and other forms of light entertainment.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrove1954[httpsarchiveorgdetailsgrovesdictionary01grovpage958_958–982]_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrove1954[httpsarchiveorgdetailsgrovesdictionary01grovpage958_958–982]-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The central traits of the Classical style are all present in Mozart's music. Clarity, balance, and transparency are the hallmarks of his work, but simplistic notions of its delicacy mask the exceptional power of his finest masterpieces, such as the <a href="/wiki/Piano_Concerto_No._24_(Mozart)" title="Piano Concerto No. 24 (Mozart)">Piano Concerto No. 24</a> in C minor, K. 491; the <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._40_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 40 (Mozart)">Symphony No. 40</a> in G minor, K. 550; and the opera <i><a href="/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni">Don Giovanni</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Rosen" title="Charles Rosen">Charles Rosen</a> makes the point forcefully: </p> <blockquote><p>It is only through recognizing the violence and sensuality at the center of Mozart's work that we can make a start towards a comprehension of his structures and an insight into his magnificence. In a paradoxical way, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schumann" title="Robert Schumann">Schumann</a>'s superficial characterization of the <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._40_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 40 (Mozart)">G minor Symphony</a> can help us to see Mozart's daemon more steadily. In all of Mozart's supreme expressions of suffering and terror, there is something shockingly voluptuous.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosen1998324_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERosen1998324-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>During his last decade, Mozart frequently exploited <a href="/wiki/Chromaticism" title="Chromaticism">chromatic</a> harmony. A notable instance is his <a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._19_(Mozart)" title="String Quartet No. 19 (Mozart)"><i>String Quartet in C major</i>, K. 465</a> (1785), whose introduction abounds in chromatic suspensions, giving rise to the work's nickname, the "Dissonance" quartet. </p><p>Mozart had a gift for absorbing and adapting the valuable features of others' music. His travels helped in the forging of a unique compositional language.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In London as a child, he met <a href="/wiki/Johann_Christian_Bach" title="Johann Christian Bach">J. C. Bach</a> and heard his music. In Paris, Mannheim, and Vienna he met with other compositional influences, as well as the avant-garde capabilities of the <a href="/wiki/Mannheim_school" title="Mannheim school">Mannheim orchestra</a>. In Italy, he encountered the <a href="/wiki/Italian_overture" title="Italian overture">Italian overture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Opera_buffa" title="Opera buffa">opera buffa</a>, both of which deeply affected the evolution of his practice. In London and Italy, the <a href="/wiki/Galant_style" title="Galant style">galant style</a> was in the ascendent: simple, light music with a mania for <a href="/wiki/Cadence" title="Cadence">cadencing</a>; an emphasis on tonic, dominant, and subdominant to the exclusion of other harmonies; symmetrical phrases; and clearly articulated partitions in the overall form of movements.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeartz2003_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeartz2003-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of Mozart's early symphonies are <a href="/wiki/Italian_overture" title="Italian overture">Italian overtures</a>, with three movements running into each other; many are <a href="/wiki/Homotonal" title="Homotonal">homotonal</a> (all three movements having the same key signature, with the slow middle movement being in the <a href="/wiki/Relative_key" title="Relative key">relative minor</a>). Others mimic the works of J. C. Bach, and others show the simple <a href="/wiki/Binary_form" title="Binary form">rounded binary forms</a> turned out by Viennese composers. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:K626_Requiem_Dies_Irae.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/K626_Requiem_Dies_Irae.jpg/220px-K626_Requiem_Dies_Irae.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/K626_Requiem_Dies_Irae.jpg/330px-K626_Requiem_Dies_Irae.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/K626_Requiem_Dies_Irae.jpg/440px-K626_Requiem_Dies_Irae.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1868" data-file-height="1351" /></a><figcaption>Facsimile sheet of music from the Dies Irae movement of the <a href="/wiki/Requiem_(Mozart)" title="Requiem (Mozart)">Requiem Mass in D minor</a> (K. 626) in Mozart's handwriting (<a href="/wiki/Mozarthaus_Vienna" title="Mozarthaus Vienna">Mozarthaus</a>, Vienna)</figcaption></figure> <p>As Mozart matured, he progressively incorporated more features adapted from the Baroque. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._29_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 29 (Mozart)">Symphony No. 29 in A major</a> K. 201 has a contrapuntal main theme in its first movement, and experimentation with irregular phrase lengths. Some of his quartets from 1773 have fugal finales, probably influenced by Haydn, who had included three such finales in his recently published <a href="/wiki/String_Quartets,_Op._20_(Haydn)" title="String Quartets, Op. 20 (Haydn)">Opus 20</a> set. The influence of the <i><a href="/wiki/Sturm_und_Drang" title="Sturm und Drang">Sturm und Drang</a></i> ("Storm and Stress") period in music, with its brief foreshadowing of the <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romantic era</a>, is evident in the music of both composers at that time. Mozart's <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._25_(Mozart)" title="Symphony No. 25 (Mozart)">Symphony No. 25 in G minor</a> K. 183 is another excellent example. </p><p>Mozart would sometimes switch his focus between operas and instrumental music. He produced operas in each of the prevailing styles: <a href="/wiki/Opera_buffa" title="Opera buffa">opera buffa</a>, such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Marriage_of_Figaro" title="The Marriage of Figaro">Le nozze di Figaro</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni">Don Giovanni</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Cos%C3%AC_fan_tutte" title="Così fan tutte">Così fan tutte</a></i>; <a href="/wiki/Opera_seria" title="Opera seria">opera seria</a>, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Idomeneo" title="Idomeneo">Idomeneo</a></i>; and <a href="/wiki/Singspiel" title="Singspiel">Singspiel</a>, of which <i><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Flute" title="The Magic Flute">Die Zauberflöte</a></i> is the most famous example by any composer. In his later operas, he employed subtle changes in instrumentation, orchestral texture, and <a href="/wiki/Timbre" title="Timbre">tone colour</a>, for emotional depth and to mark dramatic shifts. Here, his advances in opera and instrumental composing interacted: his increasingly sophisticated use of the orchestra in the symphonies and concertos influenced his operatic orchestration, and his developing subtlety in using the orchestra to psychological effect in his operas was in turn reflected in his later non-operatic compositions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEinstein1965[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_July_2020]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(July_2020)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEinstein1965[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_July_2020]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(July_2020)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Köchel_catalogue"><span id="K.C3.B6chel_catalogue"></span>Köchel catalogue</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6chel_catalogue" title="Köchel catalogue">Köchel catalogue</a></div> <p>For unambiguous identification of works by Mozart, a <i>Köchel catalogue number</i> is used. This is a unique number assigned, in regular chronological order, to every one of his known works. A work is referenced by the abbreviation "K." or "KV" followed by this number. The first edition of the catalogue was completed in 1862 by <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Ritter_von_K%C3%B6chel" title="Ludwig Ritter von Köchel">Ludwig von Köchel</a>. It has since been repeatedly updated, as scholarly research improves knowledge of the dates and authenticity of individual works.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZaslawCowdery1990331–332_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZaslawCowdery1990331–332-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Instruments">Instruments</h3></div> <p>Although some of Mozart's early pieces were written for harpsichord, he also became acquainted in his early years with fortepianos made by <a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a> builder <a href="/wiki/Franz_Jakob_Sp%C3%A4th" title="Franz Jakob Späth">Franz Jakob Späth</a>. Later when Mozart was visiting Augsburg, he was impressed by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Andreas_Stein" title="Johann Andreas Stein">Stein</a> fortepianos and shared this in a letter to his father.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 22 October 1777, Mozart had premiered <a href="/wiki/Piano_Concerto_No._7_(Mozart)" title="Piano Concerto No. 7 (Mozart)">his triple-piano concerto</a>, K. 242, on instruments provided by Stein. The <a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Cathedral" title="Augsburg Cathedral">Augsburg Cathedral</a> organist Demmler was playing the first, Mozart the second and Stein the third part.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1783, when living in Vienna he purchased an instrument by <a href="/wiki/Anton_Walter" title="Anton Walter">Walter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leopold Mozart confirmed the attachment which Mozart had with his Walter fortepiano: "It is impossible to describe the hustle and bustle. Your brother's pianoforte has been moved at least twelve times from his house to the theatre or to someone else's house."<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence">Influence</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_in_popular_culture" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in popular culture">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in popular culture</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frankfurt,_Mozartdenkmal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Frankfurt%2C_Mozartdenkmal.jpg/170px-Frankfurt%2C_Mozartdenkmal.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Frankfurt%2C_Mozartdenkmal.jpg/255px-Frankfurt%2C_Mozartdenkmal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Frankfurt%2C_Mozartdenkmal.jpg/340px-Frankfurt%2C_Mozartdenkmal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4288" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mozart_Monument,_Frankfurt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mozart Monument, Frankfurt (page does not exist)">Mozart Monument</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozart-Denkmal_(Frankfurt_am_Main)" class="extiw" title="de:Mozart-Denkmal (Frankfurt am Main)">de</a>]</span>, Mozartplatz, Frankfurt</figcaption></figure> <p>His most famous pupil was <a href="/wiki/Johann_Nepomuk_Hummel" title="Johann Nepomuk Hummel">Johann Nepomuk Hummel</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Transition_from_Classical_to_Romantic_music" title="Transition from Classical to Romantic music">transitional figure</a> between the Classical and Romantic eras whom the Mozarts took into their Vienna home for two years as a child.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995574_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995574-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More important is the influence Mozart had on composers of later generations. Ever since the surge in his reputation after his death, studying his scores has been a standard part of classical musicians' training.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Ludwig van Beethoven</a>, Mozart's junior by fifteen years, was deeply influenced by his work, with which he was acquainted as a teenager.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is thought to have performed Mozart's operas while playing in the court orchestra at Bonn<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchwaegermann_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwaegermann-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and travelled to Vienna in 1787 hoping to study with the older composer. Some of <a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Ludwig_van_Beethoven#Instrumental_works:_WoO_1–86" title="List of compositions by Ludwig van Beethoven">Beethoven's works</a> have direct models in comparable works by Mozart, and he wrote <a href="/wiki/Cadenza" title="Cadenza">cadenzas</a> (<a href="/wiki/WoO" title="WoO">WoO</a> 58) to Mozart's D minor piano concerto <a href="/wiki/Piano_Concerto_No._20_(Mozart)" title="Piano Concerto No. 20 (Mozart)">K. 466</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChurgin1987457–458_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurgin1987457–458-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Composers have paid homage to Mozart by writing sets of <a href="/wiki/Variation_(music)" title="Variation (music)">variations</a> on his themes. Beethoven wrote four such sets (Op. 66, WoO 28, WoO 40, WoO 46).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChurgin1987458_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurgin1987458-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others include <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Sor" title="Fernando Sor">Fernando Sor</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Introduction_and_Variations_on_a_Theme_by_Mozart_(Sor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Introduction and Variations on a Theme by Mozart (Sor)">Introduction and Variations on a Theme by Mozart</a> (1821), <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Glinka" title="Mikhail Glinka">Mikhail Glinka</a>'s Variations on a Theme from Mozart's Opera <i><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Flute" title="The Magic Flute">The Magic Flute</a></i> (1822), <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin" title="Frédéric Chopin">Frédéric Chopin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Variations_on_%22L%C3%A0_ci_darem_la_mano%22_(Chopin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Variations on "Là ci darem la mano" (Chopin)">Variations on "Là ci darem la mano"</a> from <i><a href="/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni">Don Giovanni</a></i> (1827), and <a href="/wiki/Max_Reger" title="Max Reger">Max Reger</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Variations_and_Fugue_on_a_Theme_by_Mozart" title="Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Mozart">Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Mozart</a> (1914), based on the variation theme in the piano sonata <a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_No._11_(Mozart)" title="Piano Sonata No. 11 (Mozart)">K. 331</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarchGreenfieldLayton2005_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarchGreenfieldLayton2005-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky" title="Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky">Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky</a>, who revered Mozart, wrote his Orchestral Suite No. 4 in G, <i><a href="/wiki/Orchestral_Suite_No._4_Mozartiana_(Tchaikovsky)" title="Orchestral Suite No. 4 Mozartiana (Tchaikovsky)">Mozartiana</a></i> (1887), as a tribute to him.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sources vary regarding the English pronunciation of Mozart's name. <a href="#CITEREFFradkin1996">Fradkin 1996</a>, a guide for classical music radio, strongly recommends the use of the phoneme <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ts]</span> for the letter <i>z</i> (thus <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'w' in 'wind'">w</span><span title="/ʊ/: 'u' in 'push'">ʊ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ɑːr/: 'ar' in 'far'">ɑːr</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">WUULF</span>-gang <span style="font-size:90%">AM</span>-ə-<span style="font-size:90%">DAY</span>-əs <span style="font-size:90%">MOHT</span>-sart</i></a>), but otherwise considers English-like pronunciation fully acceptable. The German pronunciation is <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈvɔlfɡaŋ<span class="wrap"> </span>ʔamaˈdeːʊs<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈmoːtsaʁt]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/90\/De-Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart.ogg\/De-Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/De-Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart.ogg/De-Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart.ogg" title="File:De-Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baptised as <b>Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart</b>. Mozart used, at different times and places, different versions of his own name; for details, see <a href="/wiki/Mozart%27s_name" title="Mozart's name">Mozart's name</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Source: <a href="#CITEREFWilson1999">Wilson 1999</a>, p. 2. The many changes of European political borders since Mozart's time make it difficult to assign him an unambiguous nationality; for discussion, see <a href="/wiki/Mozart%27s_nationality" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozart's nationality">Mozart's nationality</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For further details of the story, see <a href="/wiki/Miserere_(Allegri)#History" title="Miserere (Allegri)">Miserere (Allegri) § History</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEisenKeefe2006">Eisen & Keefe 2006</a>, p. 268: "You ask me to take the young Salzburger into your service. I do not know why not believing that you have need for a composer or of useless people.<span class="nowrap"> </span>... What I say is intended only to prevent you from burdening yourself with useless people and giving titles to people of that sort. In addition, if they are at your service, it degrades that service when these people go about the world like beggars."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Archbishop Colloredo responded to the request by dismissing both Mozart and his father, though the dismissal of the latter was not actually carried out.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mozart complains of this in a letter to his father, dated 24 March 1781.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpaethling2000235–238_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpaethling2000235–238-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A more recent view<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolff2012_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolff2012-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is that Mozart's position was a more substantial one than is traditionally maintained, and that some of Mozart's chamber music from this time was written as part of his imperial duties.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">More recently, <a href="#CITEREFWolff2012">Wolff 2012</a> has forcefully advocated a view of Mozart's career at the end of his life as being on the rise, interrupted by his sudden death.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For further details, see <a href="/wiki/Beethoven_and_Mozart" title="Beethoven and Mozart">Beethoven and Mozart</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBuch2017"Introduction"-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBuch2017"Introduction"_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBuch2017">Buch 2017</a>, "Introduction".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEisenSadie2001-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisenSadie2001_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisenSadie2001_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEisenSadie2001_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEisenSadie2001">Eisen & Sadie 2001</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFArnoldTaylorEisenschmid2009" class="citation book cs1">Arnold, Rosemarie; Taylor, Robert; Eisenschmid, Rainer (2009). <i>Austria</i>. Baedeker. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8297-6613-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8297-6613-5"><bdi>978-3-8297-6613-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/416424772">416424772</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Austria&rft.pub=Baedeker&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F416424772&rft.isbn=978-3-8297-6613-5&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=Rosemarie&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Robert&rft.au=Eisenschmid%2C+Rainer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeutsch19659-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeutsch19659_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeutsch1965">Deutsch 1965</a>, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon199521-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon199521_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon199532-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon199532_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeutsch1965455-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeutsch1965455_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeutsch1965">Deutsch 1965</a>, p. 455.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon199544-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon199544_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, p. 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://imslp.org/wiki/Andante_in_C_major,_K.1a_(Mozart,_Wolfgang_Amadeus)" class="extiw" title="scores:Andante in C major, K.1a (Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus)">Andante in C major, K. 1a</a>, <a href="https://imslp.org/wiki/Allegro_in_C_major,_K.1b_(Mozart,_Wolfgang_Amadeus)" class="extiw" title="scores:Allegro in C major, K.1b (Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus)">Allegro in C major, K. 1b</a>, <a href="https://imslp.org/wiki/Allegro_in_F_major,_K.1c_(Mozart,_Wolfgang_Amadeus)" class="extiw" title="scores:Allegro in F major, K.1c (Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus)">Allegro in F major, K.1c</a>: Scores at the <a href="/wiki/International_Music_Score_Library_Project" title="International Music Score Library Project">International Music Score Library Project</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-solomon_1995_39-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-solomon_1995_39_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-solomon_1995_39_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, pp. 39–40</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeutsch1965453-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeutsch1965453_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeutsch1965">Deutsch 1965</a>, p. 453.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon199533-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon199533_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, p. 33.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/blue-plaques/wolfgang-amadeus-mozart/">"Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart | Composer | Blue Plaques"</a>. <i>English Heritage</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210412010318/https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/blue-plaques/wolfgang-amadeus-mozart/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=English+Heritage&rft.atitle=Wolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart+%7C+Composer+%7C+Blue+Plaques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.english-heritage.org.uk%2Fvisit%2Fblue-plaques%2Fwolfgang-amadeus-mozart%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrove1954926-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrove1954926_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrove1954">Grove 1954</a>, p. 926.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeerdter2009" class="citation web cs1">Meerdter, Joe (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://midiworld.com/mozart1.htm">"Mozart Biography"</a>. <i>midiworld.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170701195157/http://midiworld.com/mozart1.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=midiworld.com&rft.atitle=Mozart+Biography&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Meerdter&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmidiworld.com%2Fmozart1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalliwell199851,_53-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalliwell199851,_53_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHalliwell1998">Halliwell 1998</a>, pp. 51, 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalliwell199882–83-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalliwell199882–83_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHalliwell1998">Halliwell 1998</a>, pp. 82–83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalliwell199899–102-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalliwell199899–102_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHalliwell1998">Halliwell 1998</a>, pp. 99–102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ancientgroove.co.uk/essays/theories.html">"Allegri's Miserere: Conclusions"</a>. <i>www.ancientgroove.co.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221109040924/https://www.ancientgroove.co.uk/essays/theories.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ancientgroove.co.uk&rft.atitle=Allegri%27s+Miserere%3A+Conclusions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ancientgroove.co.uk%2Fessays%2Ftheories.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGutman2000271-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGutman2000271_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGutman2000">Gutman 2000</a>, p. 271.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChrissochoidis,_Ilias2010" class="citation news cs1">Chrissochoidis, Ilias (Summer 2010). "London Mozartiana: Wolfgang's disputed age & early performances of Allegri's <i>Miserere</i>". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Musical_Times" title="The Musical Times">The Musical Times</a></i>. Vol. 151, no. 1911. pp. 83–89.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Musical+Times&rft.atitle=London+Mozartiana%3A+Wolfgang%27s+disputed+age+%26+early+performances+of+Allegri%27s+Miserere&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=151&rft.issue=1911&rft.pages=83-89&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Chrissochoidis%2C+Ilias&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span> Provides new information on this episode.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalliwell1998172,_183–185-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalliwell1998172,_183–185_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHalliwell1998">Halliwell 1998</a>, pp. 172, 183–185.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995106-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995106_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, p. 106.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995103-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995103_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, p. 103.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon199598-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon199598_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, p. 98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995107-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995107_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, p. 107.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995109-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995109_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, p. 109.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVatican1770-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVatican1770_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVatican1770">Vatican 1770</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalliwell1998225-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalliwell1998225_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHalliwell1998">Halliwell 1998</a>, p. 225.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESadie1998-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadie1998_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSadie1998">Sadie 1998</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrebes1992" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Drebes, Gerald (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150207142809/http://www.gerald-drebes.ch/page8.html">"Die 'Mannheimer Schule'—ein Zentrum der vorklassischen Musik und Mozart"</a>. <i>gerald-drebes.ch</i> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gerald-drebes.ch/page8.html">the original</a> on 7 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gerald-drebes.ch&rft.atitle=Die+%27Mannheimer+Schule%27%E2%80%94ein+Zentrum+der+vorklassischen+Musik+und+Mozart&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Drebes&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gerald-drebes.ch%2Fpage8.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeutsch1965174-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeutsch1965174_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeutsch1965">Deutsch 1965</a>, p. 174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995149-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995149_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, p. 149.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalliwell1998304–305-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalliwell1998304–305_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHalliwell1998">Halliwell 1998</a>, pp. 304–305.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbert2007509-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbert2007509_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAbert2007">Abert 2007</a>, p. 509.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalliwell1998305-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalliwell1998305_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHalliwell1998">Halliwell 1998</a>, p. 305.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dme.mozarteum.at/DME/briefe/letter.php?mid=1026">"Letter by W. A. Mozart to his father"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230122140125/https://dme.mozarteum.at/DME/briefe/letter.php?mid=1026">Archived</a> 22 January 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Paris, 9 July 1778 (in German); <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dme.mozarteum.at/DME/objs/raradocs/transcr/pdf_eng/0462_WAM_LM_1778.pdf">in English</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230122140138/https://dme.mozarteum.at/DME/objs/raradocs/transcr/pdf_eng/0462_WAM_LM_1778.pdf">Archived</a> 22 January 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mozarteum" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozarteum">Mozarteum</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalliwell1998chs._18–19-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalliwell1998chs._18–19_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHalliwell1998">Halliwell 1998</a>, chs. 18–19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995157-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995157_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, p. 157.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalliwell1998322-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalliwell1998322_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHalliwell1998">Halliwell 1998</a>, p. 322.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESadie1998§3-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadie1998§3_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSadie1998">Sadie 1998</a>, §3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJean_MassinBrigitte_Massin1983" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Massin" title="Jean Massin">Jean Massin</a>; <a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Massin" title="Brigitte Massin">Brigitte Massin</a>, eds. (1983). <i>Histoire de la musique occidentale</i>. Paris: <a href="/wiki/Fayard" title="Fayard">Fayard</a>. p. 613. <q>He wrote during that period that, whenever he or someone else played one of his compositions, it was as if the table and chairs were the only listeners.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+la+musique+occidentale&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=613&rft.pub=Fayard&rft.date=1983&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeutsch1965176-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeutsch1965176_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeutsch1965">Deutsch 1965</a>, p. 176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEinstein1965276–277-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEinstein1965276–277_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEinstein1965">Einstein 1965</a>, pp. 276–277.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESadie1980vol._12,_p._700-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadie1980vol._12,_p._700_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSadie1980">Sadie 1980</a>, vol. 12, p. 700.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpaethling2000235–238-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpaethling2000235–238_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpaethling2000">Spaethling 2000</a>, pp. 235–238.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpaethling2000238-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpaethling2000238_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpaethling2000">Spaethling 2000</a>, p. 238.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spaethling237-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Spaethling237_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Spaethling237_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpaethling2000">Spaethling 2000</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mozartslettersmo0000moza_j5w7/page/236/mode/2up">237</a>; the letter dates from 24 March 1781.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpaethling2000238–239-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpaethling2000238–239_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpaethling2000">Spaethling 2000</a>, pp. 238–239.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sadie_1998_4-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sadie_1998_4_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sadie_1998_4_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sadie_1998_4_57-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sadie_1998_4_57-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSadie1998">Sadie 1998</a>, §4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995247-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995247_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, p. 247.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995253-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995253_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, p. 253.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995259-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995259_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, p. 259.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995258-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995258_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, p. 258.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeartz200947-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeartz200947_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeartz200947_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeartz200947_62-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeartz200947_62-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeartz2009">Heartz 2009</a>, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeutsch1965204-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeutsch1965204_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeutsch1965">Deutsch 1965</a>, p. 204.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995265–266-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995265–266_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, pp. 265–266.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995270-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995270_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, p. 270.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="#CITEREFBarry2000">Barry 2000</a> for detailed discussion of the influence of Opus 33 on the "Haydn" quartets.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELandon1990171-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELandon1990171_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLandon1990">Landon 1990</a>, p. 171.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMozartMozart1966">Mozart & Mozart 1966</a>, p. 1331. Leopold's letter to his daughter <a href="/wiki/Maria_Anna_Mozart" title="Maria Anna Mozart">Nannerl</a>, 14–16 May 1785.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-solomon_1995_293-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-solomon_1995_293_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-solomon_1995_293_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, p. 293</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-solomon_1995_298-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-solomon_1995_298_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-solomon_1995_298_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, p. 298</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995430-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995430_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, p. 430.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995578-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995578_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, p. 578.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995§27-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995§27_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, §27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995431-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995431_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, p. 431.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995321-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995321_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, p. 321.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRushton2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Julian_Rushton" title="Julian Rushton">Rushton, Julian</a> (2005). <i>Mozart: An Extraordinary Life</i>. <a href="/wiki/ABRSM#ABRSM_publications" title="ABRSM">Associated Board of the Royal School of Music</a>. p. 67.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mozart%3A+An+Extraordinary+Life&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=Associated+Board+of+the+Royal+School+of+Music&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Rushton&rft.aufirst=Julian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radio.cz/en/section/curraffrs/czech-museum-of-music-to-display-mozart-piano">"Czech Museum of Music to display "Mozart" piano"</a>. <i>Radio Praha</i>. 31 January 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191202105327/https://www.radio.cz/en/section/curraffrs/czech-museum-of-music-to-display-mozart-piano">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Praha&rft.atitle=Czech+Museum+of+Music+to+display+%22Mozart%22+piano&rft.date=2007-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radio.cz%2Fen%2Fsection%2Fcurraffrs%2Fczech-museum-of-music-to-display-mozart-piano&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_September_2010]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(September_2010)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_September_2010]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(September_2010)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, p. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2010)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman2021131–168-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman2021131–168_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreeman2021">Freeman 2021</a>, pp. 131–168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalmer2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Willard_Palmer" class="mw-redirect" title="Willard Palmer">Palmer, Willard</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Bs0cSyGLaNMC&pg=PA4"><i>W. A. Mozart: An Introduction to His Keyboard Works</i></a>. Alfred Music Publishing. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7390-3875-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7390-3875-8"><bdi>978-0-7390-3875-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=W.+A.+Mozart%3A+An+Introduction+to+His+Keyboard+Works&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Alfred+Music+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7390-3875-8&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=Willard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBs0cSyGLaNMC%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995423–424-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995423–424_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, pp. 423–424.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolff2012-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolff2012_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWolff2012">Wolff 2012</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaberl2006215–255-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaberl2006215–255_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaberl2006">Haberl 2006</a>, pp. 215–255.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sadie_1998_6-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sadie_1998_6_85-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sadie_1998_6_85-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSadie1998">Sadie 1998</a>, §6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995427,_432-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995427,_432_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, pp. 427, 432.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELorenz2010-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELorenz2010_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLorenz2010">Lorenz 2010</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESadie1980vol._12,_p._710-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadie1980vol._12,_p._710_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSadie1980">Sadie 1980</a>, vol. 12, p. 710.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESteptoe1990208-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESteptoe1990208_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSteptoe1990">Steptoe 1990</a>, p. 208.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995§30-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995§30_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, §30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-solomon_1995_477-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-solomon_1995_477_92-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-solomon_1995_477_92-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-solomon_1995_477_92-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, p. 477</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995487-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995487_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, p. 487.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">And not as previously stated on 15 November; see <a href="#CITEREFAbert2007">Abert 2007</a>, p. 1307, fn 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreeman2021193–230-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreeman2021193–230_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreeman2021">Freeman 2021</a>, pp. 193–230.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995491-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995491_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, p. 491.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995493,_588-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995493,_588_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, pp. 493, 588.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.classicfm.com/composers/mozart/guides/mozarts-final-year-1791/">"Mozart's final year and death—1791"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Classic_FM_(UK)" title="Classic FM (UK)">Classic FM (UK)</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171219114033/http://www.classicfm.com/composers/mozart/guides/mozarts-final-year-1791/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mozart%27s+final+year+and+death%E2%80%941791&rft.pub=Classic+FM+%28UK%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.classicfm.com%2Fcomposers%2Fmozart%2Fguides%2Fmozarts-final-year-1791%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESadie1980vol._12,_p._716-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESadie1980vol._12,_p._716_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSadie1980">Sadie 1980</a>, vol. 12, p. 716.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalther_Brauneis" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walther_Brauneis" class="extiw" title="de:Walther Brauneis">Walther Brauneis</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in German]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407071543/http://www.aproposmozart.com/Brauneis%20--%20Dies%20irae.rev.Index.pdf"><i>Dies irae, dies illa—Day of wrath, day of wailing: Notes on the commissioning, origin and completion of Mozart's Requiem (KV 626)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aproposmozart.com/Brauneis%20--%20Dies%20irae.rev.Index.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 7 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dies+irae%2C+dies+illa%E2%80%94Day+of+wrath%2C+day+of+wailing%3A+Notes+on+the+commissioning%2C+origin+and+completion+of+Mozart%27s+Requiem+%28KV+626%29&rft.au=Walther+Brauneis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aproposmozart.com%2FBrauneis%2520--%2520Dies%2520irae.rev.Index.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wakin_2010-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wakin_2010_101-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wakin_2010_101-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWakin2010">Wakin 2010</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrawford2000" class="citation news cs1">Crawford, Franklin (14 February 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140426233455/http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2000-02/CUNS-Fpro-1402100.php">"Foul play ruled out in death of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart"</a>. <i>EurekAlert!</i>. <a href="/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science">American Association for the Advancement of Science</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2000-02/CUNS-Fpro-1402100.php">the original</a> on 26 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EurekAlert%21&rft.atitle=Foul+play+ruled+out+in+death+of+Wolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart&rft.date=2000-02-14&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=Franklin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurekalert.org%2Fpub_releases%2F2000-02%2FCUNS-Fpro-1402100.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBecker,_Sander2009" class="citation news cs1">Becker, Sander (20 August 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trouw.nl/tr/nl/4324/Nieuws/article/detail/1152870/2009/08/20/Voorlopig-is-Mozart-bezweken-aan-streptokok.dhtml">"Voorlopig is Mozart bezweken aan streptokok"</a> [For the time being Mozart succumbed to streptococcus]. <i><a href="/wiki/Trouw" title="Trouw">Trouw</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140424131007/http://www.trouw.nl/tr/nl/4324/Nieuws/article/detail/1152870/2009/08/20/Voorlopig-is-Mozart-bezweken-aan-streptokok.dhtml">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trouw&rft.atitle=Voorlopig+is+Mozart+bezweken+aan+streptokok&rft.date=2009-08-20&rft.au=Becker%2C+Sander&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trouw.nl%2Ftr%2Fnl%2F4324%2FNieuws%2Farticle%2Fdetail%2F1152870%2F2009%2F08%2F20%2FVoorlopig-is-Mozart-bezweken-aan-streptokok.dhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBakalar2009" class="citation news cs1">Bakalar, Nicholas (17 August 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/18/health/18mozart.html">"What Really Killed Mozart? Maybe Strep"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140630061249/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/18/health/18mozart.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=What+Really+Killed+Mozart%3F+Maybe+Strep&rft.date=2009-08-17&rft.aulast=Bakalar&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F08%2F18%2Fhealth%2F18mozart.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHirschmann2001" class="citation journal cs1">Hirschmann, Jan V. (11 June 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=648393">"Special Article: What Really Killed Mozart?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/JAMA_Internal_Medicine" title="JAMA Internal Medicine">JAMA Internal Medicine</a></i>. <b>161</b> (11): 1381–1389. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1001%2Farchinte.161.11.1381">10.1001/archinte.161.11.1381</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-9926">0003-9926</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11386887">11386887</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160202071620/http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=648393">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA+Internal+Medicine&rft.atitle=Special+Article%3A+What+Really+Killed+Mozart%3F&rft.volume=161&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=1381-1389&rft.date=2001-06-11&rft.issn=0003-9926&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11386887&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1001%2Farchinte.161.11.1381&rft.aulast=Hirschmann&rft.aufirst=Jan+V.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchinte.jamanetwork.com%2Farticle.aspx%3Farticleid%3D648393&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDupouy-Camet2002" class="citation journal cs1">Dupouy-Camet, Jean (22 April 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=211378">"Editor's Correspondence: Trichinellosis Is Unlikely to Be Responsible for Mozart's Death"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/JAMA_Internal_Medicine" title="JAMA Internal Medicine">JAMA Internal Medicine</a></i> (Critical comment and reply). <b>162</b> (8): 946, author reply 946–947. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1001%2Farchinte.162.8.946">10.1001/archinte.162.8.946</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11966352">11966352</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160202090810/http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=211378">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA+Internal+Medicine&rft.atitle=Editor%27s+Correspondence%3A+Trichinellosis+Is+Unlikely+to+Be+Responsible+for+Mozart%27s+Death&rft.volume=162&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=946%2C+author+reply+946-947&rft.date=2002-04-22&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1001%2Farchinte.162.8.946&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11966352&rft.aulast=Dupouy-Camet&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchinte.jamanetwork.com%2Farticle.aspx%3Farticleid%3D211378&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Solomonp499-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Solomonp499_107-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Solomonp499_107-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, p. 499</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Telegraph-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Telegraph_108-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Telegraph_108-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/9797143/Discovered-new-Mozart-portrait-that-shows-musician-without-his-wig.html">"Discovered, new Mozart portrait that shows musician without his wig"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Telegraph</a></i>. 11 January 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/9797143/Discovered-new-Mozart-portrait-that-shows-musician-without-his-wig.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Discovered%2C+new+Mozart+portrait+that+shows+musician+without+his+wig&rft.date=2013-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2Fmusic%2F9797143%2FDiscovered-new-Mozart-portrait-that-shows-musician-without-his-wig.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995308-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995308_109-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, p. 308.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995310-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995310_110-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, p. 310.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995§20-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995§20_111-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, §20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995319-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995319_112-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, p. 319.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995169-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995169_113-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, p. 169.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A list of the canons may be found at <a href="/wiki/Mozart_and_scatology#In_music" title="Mozart and scatology">Mozart and scatology#In music</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theneweuropean.co.uk/brexit-news-mozart-multilingual-hidden-talents-68158/">"The hidden talents of Wolfgang Mozart"</a> by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Trudgill" title="Peter Trudgill">Peter Trudgill</a>, 10 February 2020, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_European" title="The New European">The New European</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bll01.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=alma990027027660100000&context=L&vid=44BL_INST:BLL01&lang=en&search_scope=Not_BL_Suppress&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&tab=LibraryCatalog&query=any,contains,Thomas%20Attwood&facet=creator,include,Mozart,%20Wolfgang%20Amadeus&offset=0">"<i>Thomas Attwood's studies with Mozart</i>"</a> by <a href="/wiki/C._B._Oldman" title="C. B. Oldman">Cecil Bernard Oldman</a>, 1925</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldstein2013" class="citation book cs1">Goldstein, Jack (2013). <i>101 Amazing Mozart Facts</i>. Andrews UK Limited.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=101+Amazing+Mozart+Facts&rft.pub=Andrews+UK+Limited&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=Jack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbert2007[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidl6I6BwTMJ3sCpgPA743_743]-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbert2007[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidl6I6BwTMJ3sCpgPA743_743]_118-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAbert2007">Abert 2007</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l6I6BwTMJ3sC&pg=PA743">743</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Wolfgang-Amadeus-Mozart/The-central-Viennese-period">"Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Viennese Composer, Operas, Symphonies"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. 28 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Wolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart+%E2%80%93+Viennese+Composer%2C+Operas%2C+Symphonies&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=2024-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FWolfgang-Amadeus-Mozart%2FThe-central-Viennese-period&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrove1954[httpsarchiveorgdetailsgrovesdictionary01grovpage958_958–982]-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrove1954[httpsarchiveorgdetailsgrovesdictionary01grovpage958_958–982]_120-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrove1954">Grove 1954</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/grovesdictionary01grov/page/958">958–982</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERosen1998324-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERosen1998324_121-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRosen1998">Rosen 1998</a>, p. 324.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, ch. 8. Discussion of the sources of style as well as his early imitative ability.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeartz2003-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeartz2003_123-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeartz2003">Heartz 2003</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEinstein1965[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_July_2020]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(July_2020)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEinstein1965[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_July_2020]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(July_2020)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_124-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEinstein1965">Einstein 1965</a>, p. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (July 2020)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZaslawCowdery1990331–332-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZaslawCowdery1990331–332_125-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZaslawCowdery1990">Zaslaw & Cowdery 1990</a>, pp. 331–332.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/5307/5307-h/5307-h.htm">"The Letters of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. (1769–1791), by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart"</a>. <i>www.gutenberg.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211226211001/https://www.gutenberg.org/files/5307/5307-h/5307-h.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gutenberg.org&rft.atitle=The+Letters+of+Wolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart.+%281769%E2%80%931791%29%2C+by+Wolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Ffiles%2F5307%2F5307-h%2F5307-h.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLayerUllrich2001" class="citation book cs1">Layer, Adolf; Ullrich, Hermann (2001). <i>Demmler [Demler, Dümmler], Johann Michael</i>. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.07542">10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.07542</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Demmler+%5BDemler%2C+D%C3%BCmmler%5D%2C+Johann+Michael&rft.series=Oxford+Music+Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.07542&rft.aulast=Layer&rft.aufirst=Adolf&rft.au=Ullrich%2C+Hermann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLatcham1997" class="citation journal cs1">Latcham, Michael (1997). "Mozart and the pianos of Gabriel Anton Walter". <i><a href="/wiki/Early_Music_(journal)" title="Early Music (journal)">Early Music</a></i>. <b>XXV</b> (3): 383–400. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fearlyj%2FXXV.3.383">10.1093/earlyj/XXV.3.383</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Early+Music&rft.atitle=Mozart+and+the+pianos+of+Gabriel+Anton+Walter&rft.volume=XXV&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=383-400&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fearlyj%2FXXV.3.383&rft.aulast=Latcham&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBauer1963" class="citation book cs1">Bauer, Wilhelm (1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cengage.com/music/book_content/049557273X_wrightSimms/assets/ITOW/7273X_47_ITOW_Mozart.pdf"><i>Mozart: Briefe und Aufzeichnungen</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210220200943/https://www.cengage.com/music/book_content/049557273X_wrightSimms/assets/ITOW/7273X_47_ITOW_Mozart.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 20 February 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mozart%3A+Briefe+und+Aufzeichnungen&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Bauer&rft.aufirst=Wilhelm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cengage.com%2Fmusic%2Fbook_content%2F049557273X_wrightSimms%2Fassets%2FITOW%2F7273X_47_ITOW_Mozart.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKroll2007" class="citation journal cs1">Kroll, Mark (Summer 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/222748015">"Hummel and the Romantics"</a>. <i>Early Music America</i>. <b>13</b> (2): 20–23 (20). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/222748015">222748015</a> – via <a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Early+Music+America&rft.atitle=Hummel+and+the+Romantics&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=20-23+%2820%29&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Kroll&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fdocview%2F222748015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESolomon1995574-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESolomon1995574_131-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSolomon1995">Solomon 1995</a>, p. 574.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, for example: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTemperley1961" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Temperley" title="Nicholas Temperley">Temperley, Nicholas</a> (October 1961). "Mozart's Influence on English Music". <i><a href="/wiki/Music_%26_Letters" title="Music & Letters">Music & Letters</a></i>. <b>42</b> (4): 307–318. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fml%2F42.4.307">10.1093/ml/42.4.307</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/732768">732768</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Music+%26+Letters&rft.atitle=Mozart%27s+Influence+on+English+Music&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=307-318&rft.date=1961-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fml%2F42.4.307&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F732768%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Temperley&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJahnTownsendGrove1882" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Jahn" title="Otto Jahn">Jahn, Otto</a>; Townsend, Pauline D.; <a href="/wiki/George_Grove" title="George Grove">Grove, George</a> (1882). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifeofmozart03jahn"><i>Life of Mozart</i></a>. London, Novello, Ewer & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+of+Mozart&rft.pub=London%2C+Novello%2C+Ewer+%26+Co.&rft.date=1882&rft.aulast=Jahn&rft.aufirst=Otto&rft.au=Townsend%2C+Pauline+D.&rft.au=Grove%2C+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flifeofmozart03jahn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwaegermann-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchwaegermann_134-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchwaegermann">Schwaegermann</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurgin1987457–458-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChurgin1987457–458_135-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChurgin1987">Churgin 1987</a>, pp. 457–458.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChurgin1987458-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChurgin1987458_137-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChurgin1987">Churgin 1987</a>, p. 458.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarchGreenfieldLayton2005-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarchGreenfieldLayton2005_138-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarchGreenfieldLayton2005">March, Greenfield & Layton 2005</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWiley2001" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roland_John_Wiley" title="Roland John Wiley">Wiley, Roland John</a> (2001). "Tchaikovsky, Pyotr Il′yich". <i><a href="/wiki/Grove_Music_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Grove Music Online">Grove Music Online</a></i>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51766">10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.51766</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tchaikovsky%2C+Pyotr+Il%E2%80%B2yich&rft.btitle=Grove+Music+Online&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.51766&rft.aulast=Wiley&rft.aufirst=Roland+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/page/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required)</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 45em;"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbert2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Abert" title="Hermann Abert">Abert, Hermann</a> (2007). <i>W.A. Mozart</i>. Translated by Spencer, Stewart. <a href="/wiki/Cliff_Eisen" title="Cliff Eisen">Cliff Eisen</a> (ed.). New Haven: <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-07223-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-07223-5"><bdi>978-0-300-07223-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/70401564">70401564</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=W.A.+Mozart&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F70401564&rft.isbn=978-0-300-07223-5&rft.aulast=Abert&rft.aufirst=Hermann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarry2000" class="citation book cs1">Barry, Barbara R. (2000). <i>The Philosopher's Stone: Essays in the Transformation of Musical Structure</i>. Hillsdale, New York: <a href="/wiki/Pendragon_Press" title="Pendragon Press">Pendragon Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57647-010-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57647-010-7"><bdi>978-1-57647-010-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/466918491">466918491</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Philosopher%27s+Stone%3A+Essays+in+the+Transformation+of+Musical+Structure&rft.place=Hillsdale%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Pendragon+Press&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F466918491&rft.isbn=978-1-57647-010-7&rft.aulast=Barry&rft.aufirst=Barbara+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuch2017" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_J._Buch" title="David J. Buch">Buch, David</a> (2017). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199757824/obo-9780199757824-0193.xml">"Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Bibliographies_Online" title="Oxford Bibliographies Online">Oxford Bibliographies</a>: Music</i>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2FOBO%2F9780199757824-0193">10.1093/OBO/9780199757824-0193</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Wolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart&rft.btitle=Oxford+Bibliographies%3A+Music&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2FOBO%2F9780199757824-0193&rft.aulast=Buch&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordbibliographies.com%2Fview%2Fdocument%2Fobo-9780199757824%2Fobo-9780199757824-0193.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChurgin1987" class="citation journal cs1">Churgin, Bathia (Autumn 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/files/11509/MIN_AD_3_Beeth-Moz19-39.pdf">"Beethoven and Mozart's Requiem: A New Connection"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Musicology" title="The Journal of Musicology">The Journal of Musicology</a></i>. <b>5</b> (4): 457–477. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F763840">10.2307/763840</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/763840">763840</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Musicology&rft.atitle=Beethoven+and+Mozart%27s+Requiem%3A+A+New+Connection&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=457-477&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F763840&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F763840%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Churgin&rft.aufirst=Bathia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpublikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de%2Ffiles%2F11509%2FMIN_AD_3_Beeth-Moz19-39.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeutsch1965" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Otto_Erich_Deutsch" title="Otto Erich Deutsch">Deutsch, Otto Erich</a> (1965). <i>Mozart: A Documentary Biography</i>. <a href="/wiki/Peter_Branscombe" title="Peter Branscombe">Peter Branscombe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Blom" title="Eric Blom">Eric Blom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Noble_(musicologist)" title="Jeremy Noble (musicologist)">Jeremy Noble</a> (trans.). Stanford: <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Press" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-0233-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-0233-1"><bdi>978-0-8047-0233-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/8991008">8991008</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mozart%3A+A+Documentary+Biography&rft.place=Stanford&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1965&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F8991008&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-0233-1&rft.aulast=Deutsch&rft.aufirst=Otto+Erich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEinstein1965" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Einstein" title="Alfred Einstein">Einstein, Alfred</a> (1965). <i>Mozart: His Character, His Work</i>. Galaxy Book 162. <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Mendel" title="Arthur Mendel">Arthur Mendel</a>, Nathan Broder (trans.) (6th ed.). New York City: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-304-92483-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-304-92483-7"><bdi>978-0-304-92483-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/456644858">456644858</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mozart%3A+His+Character%2C+His+Work&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.series=Galaxy+Book+162&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1965&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F456644858&rft.isbn=978-0-304-92483-7&rft.aulast=Einstein&rft.aufirst=Alfred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEisenKeefe2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cliff_Eisen" title="Cliff Eisen">Eisen, Cliff</a>; <a href="/wiki/Simon_P._Keefe" title="Simon P. Keefe">Keefe, Simon P.</a>, eds. (2006). <i>The Cambridge Mozart Encyclopedia</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-85659-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-85659-1"><bdi>978-0-521-85659-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Mozart+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-521-85659-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEisenSadie2001" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cliff_Eisen" title="Cliff Eisen">Eisen, Cliff</a>; Sadie, Stanley (2001). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-6002278233">"Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Grove_Music_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Grove Music Online">Grove Music Online</a></i>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.6002278233">10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.6002278233</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mozart%2C+Wolfgang+Amadeus&rft.btitle=Grove+Music+Online&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.6002278233&rft.aulast=Eisen&rft.aufirst=Cliff&rft.au=Sadie%2C+Stanley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordmusiconline.com%2Fgrovemusic%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.001.0001%2Fomo-9781561592630-e-6002278233&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/page/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFradkin1996" class="citation book cs1">Fradkin, Robert A (1996). <i>The Well-Tempered Announcer: A Pronunciation Guide to Classical Music</i>. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-21064-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-21064-7"><bdi>978-0-253-21064-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Well-Tempered+Announcer%3A+A+Pronunciation+Guide+to+Classical+Music&rft.place=Bloomington&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-253-21064-7&rft.aulast=Fradkin&rft.aufirst=Robert+A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreeman2021" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_E._Freeman" title="Daniel E. Freeman">Freeman, Daniel E.</a> (2021). <i>Mozart in Prague</i>. Minneapolis: Calumet Editions. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-950743-50-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-950743-50-6"><bdi>978-1-950743-50-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mozart+in+Prague&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.pub=Calumet+Editions&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-950743-50-6&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.aufirst=Daniel+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrove1954" class="citation book cs1"><span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/grovesdictionary01grov"><i>Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians</i></a></span> (5th ed.). New York: Macmillam Press. 1954.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grove%27s+Dictionary+of+Music+and+Musicians&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Macmillam+Press&rft.date=1954&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgrovesdictionary01grov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGutman2000" class="citation book cs1">Gutman, Robert (2000). <i>Mozart: A Cultural Biography</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Harcourt_Brace" class="mw-redirect" title="Harcourt Brace">Harcourt Brace</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-15-601171-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-15-601171-6"><bdi>978-0-15-601171-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/45485135">45485135</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mozart%3A+A+Cultural+Biography&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Harcourt+Brace&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F45485135&rft.isbn=978-0-15-601171-6&rft.aulast=Gutman&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalliwell1998" class="citation book cs1">Halliwell, Ruth (1998). <i>The Mozart Family: Four Lives in a Social Context</i>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Clarendon_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarendon Press">Clarendon Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-816371-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-816371-8"><bdi>978-0-19-816371-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/36423516">36423516</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mozart+Family%3A+Four+Lives+in+a+Social+Context&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F36423516&rft.isbn=978-0-19-816371-8&rft.aulast=Halliwell&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaberl2006" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Haberl, Dieter (2006). "Beethovens erste Reise nach Wien: die Datierung seiner Schülerreise zu W.A. Mozart". <i>Neues Musikwissenschaftliches Jahrbuch</i> (in German) (14). <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/634798176">634798176</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neues+Musikwissenschaftliches+Jahrbuch&rft.atitle=Beethovens+erste+Reise+nach+Wien%3A+die+Datierung+seiner+Sch%C3%BClerreise+zu+W.A.+Mozart&rft.issue=14&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F634798176&rft.aulast=Haberl&rft.aufirst=Dieter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeartz2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Heartz" title="Daniel Heartz">Heartz, Daniel</a> (2003). <i>Music in European Capitals: The Galant Style, 1720–1780</i> (1st ed.). New York City: <a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton_%26_Company" title="W. W. Norton & Company">W. W. Norton & Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-05080-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-05080-6"><bdi>978-0-393-05080-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/50693068">50693068</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Music+in+European+Capitals%3A+The+Galant+Style%2C+1720%E2%80%931780&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F50693068&rft.isbn=978-0-393-05080-6&rft.aulast=Heartz&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeartz2009" class="citation book cs1">Heartz, Daniel (2009). <i>Mozart, Haydn and early Beethoven, 1781–1802</i>. New York: W. W. Norton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-06634-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-06634-0"><bdi>978-0-393-06634-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mozart%2C+Haydn+and+early+Beethoven%2C+1781%E2%80%931802&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-393-06634-0&rft.aulast=Heartz&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandon1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/H._C._Robbins_Landon" title="H. C. Robbins Landon">Landon, Howard Chandler Robbins</a> (1990). <i>1791: Mozart's Last Year</i>. London: Flamingo. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-654324-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-654324-4"><bdi>978-0-00-654324-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/20932333">20932333</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1791%3A+Mozart%27s+Last+Year&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Flamingo&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F20932333&rft.isbn=978-0-00-654324-4&rft.aulast=Landon&rft.aufirst=Howard+Chandler+Robbins&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLorenz2010" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Lorenz_(musicologist)" title="Michael Lorenz (musicologist)">Lorenz, Michael</a> (9 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141101233808/http://homepage.univie.ac.at/michael.lorenz/alsergrund/">"Mozart's Apartment on the Alsergrund"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homepage.univie.ac.at/michael.lorenz/alsergrund/">the original</a> on 1 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mozart%27s+Apartment+on+the+Alsergrund&rft.date=2010-08-09&rft.aulast=Lorenz&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhomepage.univie.ac.at%2Fmichael.lorenz%2Falsergrund%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarchGreenfieldLayton2005" class="citation book cs1">March, Ivan; <a href="/wiki/Edward_Greenfield" title="Edward Greenfield">Greenfield, Edward</a>; Layton, Robert (2005). Czajkowski, Paul (ed.). <i>Penguin Guide to Compact Discs And DVDs, 2005–2006</i> (30th ed.). London: <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-102262-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-102262-8"><bdi>978-0-14-102262-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/416204627">416204627</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Penguin+Guide+to+Compact+Discs+And+DVDs%2C+2005%E2%80%932006&rft.place=London&rft.edition=30th&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F416204627&rft.isbn=978-0-14-102262-8&rft.aulast=March&rft.aufirst=Ivan&rft.au=Greenfield%2C+Edward&rft.au=Layton%2C+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMozartMozart1966" class="citation book cs1">Mozart, Wolfgang; <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Mozart" title="Leopold Mozart">Mozart, Leopold</a> (1966). <a href="/wiki/Emily_Anderson" title="Emily Anderson">Anderson, Emily</a> (ed.). <i>The Letters of Mozart and his Family</i> (2nd ed.). London: <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-02248-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-02248-3"><bdi>978-0-393-02248-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/594813">594813</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Letters+of+Mozart+and+his+Family&rft.place=London&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1966&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F594813&rft.isbn=978-0-393-02248-3&rft.aulast=Mozart&rft.aufirst=Wolfgang&rft.au=Mozart%2C+Leopold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosen1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Rosen" title="Charles Rosen">Rosen, Charles</a> (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/classicalstyleha00rose"><i>The Classical Style: Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven</i></a></span> (2nd ed.). New York City: <a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton_%26_Company" title="W. W. Norton & Company">W. W. Norton & Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-31712-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-31712-1"><bdi>978-0-393-31712-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/246977555">246977555</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Classical+Style%3A+Haydn%2C+Mozart%2C+Beethoven&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F246977555&rft.isbn=978-0-393-31712-1&rft.aulast=Rosen&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fclassicalstyleha00rose&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSadie1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Sadie" title="Stanley Sadie">Sadie, Stanley</a>, ed. (1998). <a href="/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Opera" title="The New Grove Dictionary of Opera"><i>The New Grove Dictionary of Opera</i></a>. New York: Grove's Dictionaries of Music. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-73432-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-333-73432-2"><bdi>978-0-333-73432-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/39160203">39160203</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Grove+Dictionary+of+Opera&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Grove%27s+Dictionaries+of+Music&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F39160203&rft.isbn=978-0-333-73432-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSadie1980" class="citation book cs1">Sadie, Stanley, ed. (1980). <a href="/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians" title="The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians"><i>The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians</i></a> (6th ed.). London: <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-23111-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-333-23111-1"><bdi>978-0-333-23111-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/5676891">5676891</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Grove+Dictionary+of+Music+and+Musicians&rft.place=London&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5676891&rft.isbn=978-0-333-23111-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwaegermann" class="citation web cs1">Schwaegermann, Ingrid. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ludwig0van0beethoven.tripod.com/beethmoze.html">"Mozart, Mozart's <i>Magic Flute</i> and Beethoven"</a>. <i>ludwig0van0beethoven.tripod.com (Raptus)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ludwig0van0beethoven.tripod.com+%28Raptus%29&rft.atitle=Mozart%2C+Mozart%27s+Magic+Flute+and+Beethoven&rft.aulast=Schwaegermann&rft.aufirst=Ingrid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fludwig0van0beethoven.tripod.com%2Fbeethmoze.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ludwig0van0beethoven.tripod.com/beethmozg.html">in German</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolomon1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Maynard_Solomon" title="Maynard Solomon">Solomon, Maynard</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mozartlife00solo"><i>Mozart: A Life</i></a> (1st ed.). New York City: <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-019046-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-019046-0"><bdi>978-0-06-019046-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/31435799">31435799</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mozart%3A+A+Life&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F31435799&rft.isbn=978-0-06-019046-0&rft.aulast=Solomon&rft.aufirst=Maynard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmozartlife00solo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpaethling2000" class="citation book cs1">Spaethling, Robert, ed. (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mozartslettersmo0000moza_j5w7/"><i>Mozart's Letters, Mozart's Life: Selected Letters</i></a></span>. Translated by Robert Spaethling. W. W. Norton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-04719-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-04719-9"><bdi>0-393-04719-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2024</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mozart%27s+Letters%2C+Mozart%27s+Life%3A+Selected+Letters&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-393-04719-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmozartslettersmo0000moza_j5w7%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteptoe1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Steptoe" title="Andrew Steptoe">Steptoe, Andrew</a> (1990). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mozartdaponteope0000step"><i>The Mozart–Da Ponte Operas: The Cultural and Musical Background to Le nozze di Figaro, Don Giovanni, and Così fan tutte</i></a></span>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Clarendon_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarendon Press">Clarendon Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-816221-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-816221-6"><bdi>978-0-19-816221-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/22895166">22895166</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mozart%E2%80%93Da+Ponte+Operas%3A+The+Cultural+and+Musical+Background+to+Le+nozze+di+Figaro%2C+Don+Giovanni%2C+and+Cos%C3%AC+fan+tutte&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F22895166&rft.isbn=978-0-19-816221-6&rft.aulast=Steptoe&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmozartdaponteope0000step&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVatican1770" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100918061819/http://asv.vatican.va/en/doc/1770.htm">"Award of the Papal Equestrian Order of the "Golden Spur" to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart"</a>. <i>Vatican Secret Archives</i>. 4 July 1770. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asv.vatican.va/en/doc/1770.htm">the original</a> on 18 September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vatican+Secret+Archives&rft.atitle=Award+of+the+Papal+Equestrian+Order+of+the+%22Golden+Spur%22+to+Wolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart&rft.date=1770-07-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fasv.vatican.va%2Fen%2Fdoc%2F1770.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWakin2010" class="citation news cs1">Wakin, Daniel J. (24 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/25/arts/music/25death.html">"After Mozart's Death, an Endless Coda"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=After+Mozart%27s+Death%2C+an+Endless+Coda&rft.date=2010-08-24&rft.aulast=Wakin&rft.aufirst=Daniel+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F08%2F25%2Farts%2Fmusic%2F25death.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_H._Wilson" title="Peter H. Wilson">Wilson, Peter Hamish</a> (1999). <i>The Holy Roman Empire, 1495–1806</i>. London: MacMillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Holy+Roman+Empire%2C+1495%E2%80%931806&rft.place=London&rft.pub=MacMillan&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Peter+Hamish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolff2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Wolff" title="Christoph Wolff">Wolff, Christoph</a> (2012). <i>Mozart at the Gateway to His Fortune: Serving the Emperor, 1788–1791</i>. New York: Norton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-05070-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-05070-7"><bdi>978-0-393-05070-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mozart+at+the+Gateway+to+His+Fortune%3A+Serving+the+Emperor%2C+1788%E2%80%931791&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Norton&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-393-05070-7&rft.aulast=Wolff&rft.aufirst=Christoph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZaslawCowdery1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Neal_Zaslaw" title="Neal Zaslaw">Zaslaw, Neal</a>; Cowdery, William, eds. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CChN90GGcQQC"><i>The Compleat Mozart: A Guide to the Musical Works of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</i></a>. New York and London: W. W. Norton & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-02886-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-02886-7"><bdi>978-0-393-02886-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Compleat+Mozart%3A+A+Guide+to+the+Musical+Works+of+Wolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart&rft.place=New+York+and+London&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-393-02886-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCChN90GGcQQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <p><i>See <a href="#CITEREFBuch2017">Buch 2017</a> for an extensive bibliography</i> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 45em;"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Eva_Badura-Skoda" title="Eva Badura-Skoda">Badura-Skoda, Eva</a>; <a href="/wiki/Paul_Badura-Skoda" title="Paul Badura-Skoda">Badura-Skoda, Paul</a> (2018). <i>Interpreting Mozart: The Performance of His Piano Pieces and Other Compositions</i> (2nd ed.). Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135868505" title="Special:BookSources/9781135868505"><bdi>9781135868505</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Interpreting+Mozart%3A+The+Performance+of+His+Piano+Pieces+and+Other+Compositions&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9781135868505&rft.aulast=Badura-Skoda&rft.aufirst=Eva&rft.au=Badura-Skoda%2C+Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Baumol" title="William Baumol">Baumol, William J.</a>, and Hilda Baumol. "On the economics of musical composition in Mozart's Vienna." <i>Journal of Cultural Economics</i> 18.3 (1994): 171–198. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://people.stern.nyu.edu/wbaumol/OnTheEconomicsOfMusicalCompositionInMozartsVienna.pdf">online</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Volkmar_Braunbehrens" title="Volkmar Braunbehrens">Braunbehrens, Volkmar</a> (1990). <i>Mozart: Lebensbilder</i>. G. Lubbe. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7857-0580-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7857-0580-3"><bdi>978-3-7857-0580-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mozart%3A+Lebensbilder&rft.pub=G.+Lubbe&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-3-7857-0580-3&rft.aulast=Braunbehrens&rft.aufirst=Volkmar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Cairns_(writer)" title="David Cairns (writer)">Cairns, David</a> (2006). <i>Mozart and His Operas</i>. Berkeley, California: <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-22898-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-22898-6"><bdi>978-0-520-22898-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/62290645">62290645</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mozart+and+His+Operas&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+California&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F62290645&rft.isbn=978-0-520-22898-6&rft.aulast=Cairns&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Holmes_(musicologist)" title="Edward Holmes (musicologist)">Holmes, Edward</a> (2005). <i>The Life of Mozart</i>. New York: Cosimo Classics. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59605-147-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59605-147-8"><bdi>978-1-59605-147-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/62790104">62790104</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Mozart&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Cosimo+Classics&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F62790104&rft.isbn=978-1-59605-147-8&rft.aulast=Holmes&rft.aufirst=Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span> (first published by Chapman and Hall in 1845).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Kallen, Stuart A. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historymakersgre00stua"><i>Great Composers</i></a>. San Diego: Lucent. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56006-669-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56006-669-9"><bdi>978-1-56006-669-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Great+Composers&rft.place=San+Diego&rft.pub=Lucent&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-56006-669-9&rft.aulast=Kallen&rft.aufirst=Stuart+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistorymakersgre00stua&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_P._Keefe" title="Simon P. Keefe">Keefe, Simon P.</a> <i>Mozart</i> (Routledge, 2018).</li> <li>Keefe, Simon P., ed. <i>Mozart in Context</i> (Cambridge University Press, 2018).</li> <li>Marshall, Robert Lewis. <i>Bach and Mozart: Essays on the Enigma of Genius</i> (University of Rochester Press, 2019).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Mozart, Wolfgang (1972). Mersmann, Hans (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lettersofwolfgan00moza"><i>Letters of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Dover_Publications" title="Dover Publications">Dover Publications</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-486-22859-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-486-22859-4"><bdi>978-0-486-22859-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/753483">753483</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Letters+of+Wolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F753483&rft.isbn=978-0-486-22859-4&rft.aulast=Mozart&rft.aufirst=Wolfgang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flettersofwolfgan00moza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Reisinger, Elisabeth. "The Prince and the Prodigies: On the Relations of Archduke and Elector Maximilian Franz with Mozart, Beethoven, and Haydn." <i>Acta Musicologica</i> 91.1 (2019): 48–70 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/727283/summary">excerpt</a>.</li> <li>Schroeder, David. <i>Experiencing Mozart: A Listener's Companion</i> (Scarecrow, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Experiencing-Mozart-Listeners-David-Schroeder/dp/0810884283/">excerpt</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jan_Swafford" title="Jan Swafford">Swafford, Jan</a> (2020). <i>Mozart – The Reign of Love</i>. New York: Harper. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-243357-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-243357-2"><bdi>978-0-06-243357-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1242102319">1242102319</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mozart+%E2%80%93+The+Reign+of+Love&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1242102319&rft.isbn=978-0-06-243357-2&rft.aulast=Swafford&rft.aufirst=Jan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Till, Nicholas (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mozartenlightenm00till"><i>Mozart and the Enlightenment: Truth, Virtue and Beauty in Mozart's Operas</i></a>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton_%26_Company" title="W. W. Norton & Company">W. W. Norton & Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-31395-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-31395-6"><bdi>978-0-393-31395-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/469628809">469628809</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mozart+and+the+Enlightenment%3A+Truth%2C+Virtue+and+Beauty+in+Mozart%27s+Operas&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F469628809&rft.isbn=978-0-393-31395-6&rft.aulast=Till&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmozartenlightenm00till&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Woodfield, Ian (September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/431f83c1-55cc-4cbc-829b-a0cdfa54ce1a">"The Early Reception of Mozart's Operas in London: Burney's Missed Opportunity"</a>. <i>Eighteenth-Century Music</i>. <b>17</b> (2): 201–214. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS147857062000024X">10.1017/S147857062000024X</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1478-5706">1478-5706</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eighteenth-Century+Music&rft.atitle=The+Early+Reception+of+Mozart%27s+Operas+in+London%3A+Burney%27s+Missed+Opportunity&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=201-214&rft.date=2020-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS147857062000024X&rft.issn=1478-5706&rft.aulast=Woodfield&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.qub.ac.uk%2Fen%2Fpublications%2F431f83c1-55cc-4cbc-829b-a0cdfa54ce1a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bbc.co.uk/mozart">"Discovering Mozart"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_3" title="BBC Radio 3">BBC Radio 3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Discovering+Mozart&rft.pub=BBC+Radio+3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbbc.co.uk%2Fmozart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWolfgang+Amadeus+Mozart" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0003665/">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Digitized documents</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/1368">Works by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28Mozart%29">Works by or about Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/6286">Works by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?as_q=&num=10&lr=&as_brr=3&btnG=Google+Search&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&as_brr=3&as_pt=ALLTYPES&lr=&as_vt=Mozart+%7C++Mozarts&as_auth=&as_pub=&as_sub=&as_drrb_is=b&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=1700&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=1940&as_isbn=&as_issn=">"Mozart" Titles</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?lr=&as_brr=3&q=inauthor%3AMozart+-inauthor%3A%22J.+Mozart%22&btnG=Search+Books&as_drrb_is=b&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=1756&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=1930">Mozart as author</a> at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dme.mozarteum.at/DME/main/index.php?l=2">Digital Mozart Edition</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170218214113/http://dme.mozarteum.at/DME/main/index.php?l=2">Archived</a> 18 February 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (<i>Internationale Stiftung Mozarteum</i>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/Search?q=Mozart&p=1&lang=en&ArianeWireRechercheHaut=palette">"Mozart" titles</a> from Gallica <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></li> <li>From the <a href="/wiki/British_Library" title="British Library">British Library</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/ttp/mozart/accessible/introduction.html">Mozart's Thematic Catalogue</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/ttp/ttpbooks.html">Mozart's Musical Diary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/musicmanu/mozart/index.html">Background information on Mozart and the Thematic Catalogue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091222083620/http://www.blb-karlsruhe.de/virt_bib/mozart/">Letters of Leopold Mozart und Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> (<a href="/wiki/Baden_State_Library" title="Baden State Library">Baden State Library</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dt>Sheet music</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dme.mozarteum.at/DME/nma/start.php?l=2">Complete sheet music (scores)</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Neue_Mozart-Ausgabe" title="Neue Mozart-Ausgabe">Neue Mozart-Ausgabe</a> (<i>Internationale Stiftung Mozarteum</i>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/search?query=all%3AMozart&filter=type_content%3A%22score%22">Mozart scores</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Munich_Digitization_Center" title="Munich Digitization Center">Munich Digitization Center</a> (MDZ)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urresearch.rochester.edu/viewContributorPage.action?personNameId=664">Mozart titles</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Rochester" title="University of Rochester">University of Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="https://imslp.org/wiki/Category:Mozart,_Wolfgang_Amadeus" class="extiw" title="scores:Category:Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus">Free scores by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a> at the <a href="/wiki/International_Music_Score_Library_Project" title="International Music Score Library Project">International Music Score Library Project</a> (IMSLP)</li> <li><a href="https://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" class="extiw" title="choralwiki:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Free scores by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Choral_Public_Domain_Library" title="Choral Public Domain Library">Choral Public Domain Library</a> (ChoralWiki)</li> <li>Free typeset <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cantorion.org/musicsearch/composer/mozart/">sheet music</a> of Mozart's works from <i>Cantorion.org</i></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Mutopia_Project" title="Mutopia Project">Mutopia Project</a> has compositions by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mutopiaproject.org/cgibin/make-table.cgi?Composer=MozartWA">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musopen.org/composer/wolfgang-amadeus-mozart/">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Musopen" title="Musopen">Musopen</a> project</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:tan;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Template:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Template talk:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:tan;;width:1%;text-align: center;">Biography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biographies_of_Mozart" title="Biographies of Mozart">Biographies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozart%27s_birthplace" title="Mozart's birthplace">Birthplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozart_family_grand_tour" title="Mozart family grand tour">Grand tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozart%27s_name" title="Mozart's name">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationality_of_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Nationality of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Nationality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozarthaus_Vienna" title="Mozarthaus Vienna">Residence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozart_and_scatology" title="Mozart and scatology">Scatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozart_and_smallpox" title="Mozart and smallpox">Smallpox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozart_in_Italy" title="Mozart in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozart%27s_Berlin_journey" title="Mozart's Berlin journey">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_and_Prague" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Prague">Prague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appearance_and_character_of_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Appearance and character of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Appearance and character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozart%27s_starling" title="Mozart's starling">Pet starling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Death of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Death</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:tan;;width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="List of compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_concert_arias,_songs_and_canons_by_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="List of concert arias, songs and canons by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Concert arias, songs, canons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozart_and_dance" title="Mozart and dance">Dances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horn_Concertos_(Mozart)" title="Horn Concertos (Mozart)">Horn concertos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_masses_by_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="List of masses by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Masses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_operas_by_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="List of operas by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Operas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_concertos_by_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Piano concertos by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Piano concertos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_solo_piano_compositions_by_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="List of solo piano compositions by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Works for solo piano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sonatas_by_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="List of sonatas by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Sonatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_symphonies_by_Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="List of symphonies by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Symphonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Mozart_violin_concertos" title="Template:Mozart violin concertos">Violin concertos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozart%27s_compositional_method" title="Mozart's compositional method">Compositional method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozart_and_G_minor" title="Mozart and G minor">Relationship with G minor</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Editions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:tan;">Editions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6chel_catalogue" title="Köchel catalogue">Köchel catalogue</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alte_Mozart-Ausgabe" title="Alte Mozart-Ausgabe">Alte Mozart-Ausgabe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neue_Mozart-Ausgabe" title="Neue Mozart-Ausgabe">Neue Mozart-Ausgabe</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:tan;;width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Mozart_family" title="Mozart family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Mozart" title="Leopold Mozart">Leopold Mozart</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Maria_Mozart" title="Anna Maria Mozart">Anna Maria Mozart</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Anna_Mozart" title="Maria Anna Mozart">Maria Anna Mozart (Nannerl)</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constanze_Mozart" title="Constanze Mozart">Constanze Mozart</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Anna_Thekla_Mozart" title="Maria Anna Thekla Mozart">Maria Anna Thekla Mozart (Bäsle)</a> (first cousin)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Xaver_Wolfgang_Mozart" title="Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart">Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Thomas_Mozart" title="Karl Thomas Mozart">Karl Thomas Mozart</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Georg_Mozart" title="Johann Georg Mozart">Johann Georg Mozart</a> (paternal grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Mozart" title="Franz Mozart">Franz Mozart</a> (paternal great-grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lange" title="Joseph Lange">Joseph Lange</a> (brother-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A4cilia_Weber" title="Cäcilia Weber">Cäcilia Weber</a> (mother-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josepha_Weber" title="Josepha Weber">Josepha Weber</a> (sister-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloysia_Weber" title="Aloysia Weber">Aloysia Weber</a> (sister-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Weber" title="Sophie Weber">Sophie Weber</a> (sister-in-law)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:tan;;width:1%;text-align: center;">Influences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beethoven_and_Mozart" title="Beethoven and Mozart">Beethoven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_and_the_Catholic_Church" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and the Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozart_and_Freemasonry" title="Mozart and Freemasonry">Freemasonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haydn_and_Mozart" title="Haydn and Mozart">Haydn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Salieri" title="Antonio Salieri">Salieri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:tan;;width:1%;text-align: center;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Nikolaus_von_Nissen" title="Georg Nikolaus von Nissen">Georg Nissen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart_in_popular_culture" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in popular culture">Mozart in popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beethoven%E2%80%93Haydn%E2%80%93Mozart_Memorial" title="Beethoven–Haydn–Mozart Memorial">Beethoven–Haydn–Mozart Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozart_effect" title="Mozart effect">Mozart effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozart_Monument,_Vienna" title="Mozart Monument, Vienna">Mozart Monument, Vienna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:tan;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Category:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Classical_period" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Classical_period_(music)" title="Template:Classical period (music)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Classical_period_(music)" title="Template talk:Classical period (music)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Classical_period_(music)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Classical period (music)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Classical_period" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Classical_period_(music)" title="Classical period (music)">Classical period</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_Classical-era_composers" title="List of Classical-era composers">List of Classical-era composers</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Composers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Viennese_School" title="First Viennese School">First Viennese School</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Beethoven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Haydn" title="Joseph Haydn">Haydn</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mozart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert">Schubert</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannheim_school" title="Mannheim school">Mannheim school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Ignaz_Beck" title="Franz Ignaz Beck">Beck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Cannabich" title="Christian Cannabich">Cannabich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Fils" title="Anton Fils">Fils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignaz_Fr%C3%A4nzl" title="Ignaz Fränzl">Fränzl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Xaver_Richter" title="Franz Xaver Richter">Richter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Stamitz" title="Carl Stamitz">C. Stamitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Stamitz" title="Johann Stamitz">J. Stamitz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Abel" title="Carl Friedrich Abel">Abel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Philipp_Emanuel_Bach" title="Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach">C. P. E. Bach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Christian_Bach" title="Johann Christian Bach">J. C. Bach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Benda" title="Georg Benda">G. Benda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Boccherini" title="Luigi Boccherini">Boccherini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Cherubini" title="Luigi Cherubini">Cherubini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domenico_Cimarosa" title="Domenico Cimarosa">Cimarosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzio_Clementi" title="Muzio Clementi">Clementi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Czerny" title="Carl Czerny">Czerny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Ditters_von_Dittersdorf" title="Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf">Dittersdorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Ladislav_Dussek" title="Jan Ladislav Dussek">Dussek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christoph_Willibald_Gluck" title="Christoph Willibald Gluck">Gluck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Joseph_Gossec" title="François-Joseph Gossec">Gossec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adalbert_Gyrowetz" title="Adalbert Gyrowetz">Gyrowetz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Haydn" title="Michael Haydn">M. Haydn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Anton_Hoffmeister" title="Franz Anton Hoffmeister">Hoffmeister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Nepomuk_Hummel" title="Johann Nepomuk Hummel">Hummel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Martin_Kraus" title="Joseph Martin Kraus">Kraus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Ko%C5%BEeluch" title="Leopold Koželuch">Koželuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodolphe_Kreutzer" title="Rodolphe Kreutzer">Kreutzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Krommer" title="Franz Krommer">Krommer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Kuhlau" title="Friedrich Kuhlau">Kuhlau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Mart%C3%ADn_y_Soler" title="Vicente Martín y Soler">Martín y Soler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_M%C3%A9hul" title="Étienne Méhul">Méhul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Mozart" title="Leopold Mozart">L. Mozart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Myslive%C4%8Dek" title="Josef Mysliveček">Mysliveček</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Baptist_Georg_Neruda" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann Baptist Georg Neruda">Neruda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Paisiello" title="Giovanni Paisiello">Paisiello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Piccinni" title="Niccolò Piccinni">Piccinni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignaz_Pleyel" title="Ignaz Pleyel">Pleyel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Reicha" title="Anton Reicha">Reicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Ries" title="Ferdinand Ries">Ries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Rode" title="Pierre Rode">Rode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Rosetti" title="Antonio Rosetti">Rosetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Sacchini" title="Antonio Sacchini">Sacchini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chevalier_de_Saint-Georges" title="Chevalier de Saint-Georges">Saint-Georges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Salieri" title="Antonio Salieri">Salieri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Sarti" title="Giuseppe Sarti">Sarti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Soler" title="Antonio Soler">Soler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Spohr" title="Louis Spohr">Spohr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Traetta" title="Tommaso Traetta">Traetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Viotti" title="Giovanni Battista Viotti">Viotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Baptist_Wanhal" title="Johann Baptist Wanhal">Wanhal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Wranitzky" title="Paul Wranitzky">Wranitzky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Antonio_Zingarelli" title="Niccolò Antonio Zingarelli">Zingarelli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Instrumentation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orchestra#Classical_orchestra" title="Orchestra">Classical orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_quartet" title="String quartet">String quartet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galant_music" title="Galant music">Galant music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermezzo" title="Intermezzo">Intermezzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pastorale" title="Pastorale">Pastorale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensitive_style" class="mw-redirect" title="Sensitive style">Sensitive style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_music_(style)" title="Turkish music (style)">Turkish music (style)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Notes_in%C3%A9gales" title="Notes inégales">Notes inégales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galant_Schemata" title="Galant Schemata">Galant Schemata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_practice_period" title="Common practice period">Common practice period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classicism" title="Classicism">Classicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_economics" title="Classical economics">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_physics" title="Classical physics">Physics</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div style="float: left;"> ← <b><a href="/wiki/Template:Baroque_music" title="Template:Baroque music">Baroque music</a></b></div><div style="float: right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Template:Romantic_music" title="Template:Romantic music">Romantic music</a></b> → </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Classical_period_(music)" title="Category:Classical period (music)">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Classical_music" title="Portal:Classical music">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="First_Viennese_School" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:First_Viennese_School" title="Template:First Viennese School"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:First_Viennese_School" title="Template talk:First Viennese School"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:First_Viennese_School" title="Special:EditPage/Template:First Viennese School"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First_Viennese_School" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/First_Viennese_School" title="First Viennese School">First Viennese School</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Haydn" title="Joseph Haydn">Joseph Haydn</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Ludwig van Beethoven</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert">Franz Schubert</a> (sometimes included)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Voyager_Golden_Record" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Voyager_Golden_Record" title="Template:Voyager Golden Record"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Voyager_Golden_Record" title="Template talk:Voyager Golden Record"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Voyager_Golden_Record" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Voyager Golden Record"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Voyager_Golden_Record" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Voyager_Golden_Record" title="Voyager Golden Record">Voyager Golden Record</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contents_of_the_Voyager_Golden_Record" title="Contents of the Voyager Golden Record">Contents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_program" title="Voyager program">Voyager program</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">Voyager 1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sound</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>first movement of <i><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg_Concertos" title="Brandenburg Concertos">Brandenburg Concerto</a></i> No. 2, BWV 1047</li> <li>"Cavatina" from <a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._13_(Beethoven)" title="String Quartet No. 13 (Beethoven)">Beethoven's String Quartet No. 13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakrulo" title="Chakrulo">Chakrulo</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Dark_Was_the_Night,_Cold_Was_the_Ground" title="Dark Was the Night, Cold Was the Ground">Dark Was the Night, Cold Was the Ground</a>"</li> <li>"Gavotte en Rondeau" from <a href="/wiki/Partita_for_Violin_No._3_(Bach)" title="Partita for Violin No. 3 (Bach)">Partita for Violin No. 3, BWV 1006</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Izlel_ye_Delyo_Haydutin" title="Izlel ye Delyo Haydutin">Izlel ye Delyo Haydutin</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Johnny_B._Goode" title="Johnny B. Goode">Johnny B. Goode</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugham" title="Mugham">Mugham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prelude_and_Fugue_in_C_major,_BWV_870" title="Prelude and Fugue in C major, BWV 870">Prelude and Fugue in C major, BWV 870, from <i>The Well-Tempered Clavier</i>, Book II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puspawarna" title="Puspawarna">Puspawarna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_the_Night_aria" title="Queen of the Night aria">Queen of the Night aria from <i>The Magic Flute</i></a></li> <li>"Sacrificial Dance" from <i><a href="/wiki/The_Rite_of_Spring" title="The Rite of Spring">The Rite of Spring</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Songs_of_the_Humpback_Whale_(album)" title="Songs of the Humpback Whale (album)">Songs of the Humpback Whale</a></i></li> <li>first movement of <a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._5_(Beethoven)" title="Symphony No. 5 (Beethoven)">Beethoven's Symphony No. 5</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Sounds_of_Earth_Record_Cover_-_GPN-2000-001978.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Cover of the Sounds of Earth Record" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/The_Sounds_of_Earth_Record_Cover_-_GPN-2000-001978.jpg/100px-The_Sounds_of_Earth_Record_Cover_-_GPN-2000-001978.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/The_Sounds_of_Earth_Record_Cover_-_GPN-2000-001978.jpg/150px-The_Sounds_of_Earth_Record_Cover_-_GPN-2000-001978.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/The_Sounds_of_Earth_Record_Cover_-_GPN-2000-001978.jpg/200px-The_Sounds_of_Earth_Record_Cover_-_GPN-2000-001978.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2215" data-file-height="2215" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contributors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong_and_His_Hot_Seven" title="Louis Armstrong and His Hot Seven">and His Hot Seven</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valya_Balkanska" title="Valya Balkanska">Valya Balkanska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_State_Opera" title="Bavarian State Opera">Bavarian State Opera</a> <ul><li>with <a href="/wiki/Edda_Moser" title="Edda Moser">Edda Moser</a>, conductor: <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Sawallisch" title="Wolfgang Sawallisch">Wolfgang Sawallisch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_String_Quartet" title="Budapest String Quartet">Budapest String Quartet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Sebastian_Bach" title="Johann Sebastian Bach">Johann Sebastian Bach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Ludwig van Beethoven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Berry" title="Chuck Berry">Chuck Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Columbia Symphony Orchestra">Columbia Symphony Orchestra</a> <ul><li>conductor: <a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Igor Stravinsky</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cohen_(musician)" title="John Cohen (musician)">John Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Dj%C3%A4wa" title="Tom Djäwa">Tom Djäwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Druyan" title="Ann Druyan">Ann Druyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Gould" title="Glenn Gould">Glenn Gould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Grumiaux" title="Arthur Grumiaux">Arthur Grumiaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guan_Pinghu" title="Guan Pinghu">Guan Pinghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Holborne" title="Anthony Holborne">Anthony Holborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamil_Jalilov" title="Kamil Jalilov">Kamil Jalilov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blind_Willie_Johnson" title="Blind Willie Johnson">Blind Willie Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesarbai_Kerkar" title="Kesarbai Kerkar">Kesarbai Kerkar</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnchener_Bach-Orchester" title="Münchener Bach-Orchester">Münchener Bach-Orchester</a> <ul><li>conductor: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Richter_(conductor)" title="Karl Richter (conductor)">Karl Richter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Munrow" title="David Munrow">David Munrow</a> <ul><li>with the <a href="/wiki/Early_Music_Consort" title="Early Music Consort">Early Music Consort</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._P._H._Notoprojo" title="K. P. H. Notoprojo">K. P. H. Notoprojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philharmonia_Orchestra" title="Philharmonia Orchestra">Philharmonia Orchestra</a> <ul><li>conductor: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Klemperer" title="Otto Klemperer">Otto Klemperer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Sagan" title="Carl Sagan">Carl Sagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Sagan" title="Nick Sagan">Nick Sagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Spiegel" title="Laurie Spiegel">Laurie Spiegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gor%C5%8D_Yamaguchi" title="Gorō Yamaguchi">Gorō Yamaguchi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121269154">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/32197206">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/50702/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcC43DvJHQgr4ddkc3PcP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118584596">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80022788">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14027233b">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14027233b">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 1756-1791"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00450717">Japan</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV019276">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35366602">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19990005867&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech 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href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000012953&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000100309&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000039164">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=65627">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000021663">Argentina</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199619526">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/mkz12t351kx8pb4">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810592041405606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/20399">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007265632505171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000052618">Finland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058519887006706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14285359">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00465977?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500339585">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/b972f589-fb0e-474e-b64a-803b0364fa75">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/439140">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/84403ef6-e928-4ec3-89da-a56d2da229a2">KulturNav</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/f822aed4-c649-424c-8d75-15e3e865eae6">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/102711">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bmlo.de/m0914">BMLO</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/927318">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118584596.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118584596">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028266358">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/041465">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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