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<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="jNbsgXFJT7YckR19i7NRSu34cZz3opx//2X7lLApjgaNqZABYo1VBsOaSkunzRhQ8R66kRmMjiUop7APEoVcgA==" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="The Great Ape Cognitive Mind: A Fundamental Evaluation of the Evidence" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Danay C Downing" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/11501096/The_Great_Ape_Cognitive_Mind_A_Fundamental_Evaluation_of_the_Evidence" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="The Great Ape Cognitive Mind: A Fundamental Evaluation of the Evidence" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the cognitive mind of the great ape. This assessment will examine the multiple facets of ape cognition, what it consists of, and its many dimensions. The current investigation seeks to demonstrate evidence of" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/28026540/7943743/8898610/s200_danay.downing.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/11501096/The_Great_Ape_Cognitive_Mind_A_Fundamental_Evaluation_of_the_Evidence" /> <meta property="og:title" content="The Great Ape Cognitive Mind: A Fundamental Evaluation of the Evidence" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the cognitive mind of the great ape. This assessment will examine the multiple facets of ape cognition, what it consists of, and its many dimensions. The current investigation seeks to demonstrate evidence of" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://independent.academia.edu/DanayDowning" /> <meta name="description" content="The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the cognitive mind of the great ape. This assessment will examine the multiple facets of ape cognition, what it consists of, and its many dimensions. The current investigation seeks to demonstrate evidence of" /> <title>(PDF) The Great Ape Cognitive Mind: A Fundamental Evaluation of the Evidence | Danay C Downing - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/11501096/The_Great_Ape_Cognitive_Mind_A_Fundamental_Evaluation_of_the_Evidence" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '49879c2402910372f4abc62630a427bbe033d190'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732467884000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732467884000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the cognitive mind of the great ape. This assessment will examine the multiple facets of ape cognition, what it consists of, and its many dimensions. The current investigation seeks to demonstrate evidence of cognition and mind. Recent primate literature will be reviewed with an interdisciplinary approach, taking into account research in anthropology, biology, ethology, primatology, and psychology. The science of studying the faculty of apes will be highlighted, and examples that suggest cognitive processes will be provided. Focusing on empirical evidence, the following cognitive abilities of great apes will be explored: complex and meaningful use of language, deception, manipulation, imagination, and understanding. Cognition and language are highly intertwined. The inferior capacity of animals to use language may in fact be a consequence of cognitive and learning limitations. After all, without the ability to think, there would be little need for language, because there would not be any ideas to communicate. Therefore, the progression of ape research and ape language research must consider the evolution of the animal mind. Examples will be used to illustrate evidence of thinking, problem solving, social interaction, and the use of social information.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Danay C Downing"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2015-03-18","dateModified":"2015-03-22","datePublished":null,"headline":"The Great Ape Cognitive Mind: A Fundamental Evaluation of the Evidence","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Cognitive Psychology","Perception","Animal Behavior","Animal Studies","Animal Ethics","Learning and Teaching","Interspecies Cooperation","Comparative Cognition","Interspecies Communication","Animals in Culture","Animal Intelligence","Animal communication","Animal Comunicación and Languages","Interspecies Animal Cognition \u0026 Communication","Animal Learning, Memory \u0026 Interspecies Communication","Primates","Deception","Animal minds","Sociality","Moral apes","Evolution of sociality","Methods in comparative cognition","Social relationships and foraging strategies in great apes","Great Apes","Culture and Mind in non-human Animals","On Animal Language","Animal Behavior, Learning, Memory","Cognition and communication in human and nonhuman animals","Philosophy and Sociology of Human/animal Relations","Social Cognition In Humans and Non human Animals","Forms of Sociality","Great Apes Evolution"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":null,"publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/11501096/The_Great_Ape_Cognitive_Mind_A_Fundamental_Evaluation_of_the_Evidence","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":null}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-352e32ba4e89304dc0b4fa5b3952eef2198174c54cdb79066bc62e91c68a1a91.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" 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This assessment will examine the multiple facets of ape cognition, what it consists of, and its many dimensions. The current investigation seeks to demonstrate evidence of cognition and mind. Recent primate literature will be reviewed with an interdisciplinary approach, taking into account research in anthropology, biology, ethology, primatology, and psychology. The science of studying the faculty of apes will be highlighted, and examples that suggest cognitive processes will be provided. Focusing on empirical evidence, the following cognitive abilities of great apes will be explored: complex and meaningful use of language, deception, manipulation, imagination, and understanding. Cognition and language are highly intertwined. The inferior capacity of animals to use language may in fact be a consequence of cognitive and learning limitations. After all, without the ability to think, there would be little need for language, because there would not be any ideas to communicate. Therefore, the progression of ape research and ape language research must consider the evolution of the animal mind. Examples will be used to illustrate evidence of thinking, problem solving, social interaction, and the use of social information."},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"The Great Ape Cognitive Mind: A Fundamental Evaluation of the Evidence","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [28026540]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":37075291,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “The Great Ape Cognitive Mind: A Fundamental Evaluation of the Evidence”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/37075291/mini_magick20190305-11539-1xiiqsk.png?1551780564" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">The Great Ape Cognitive Mind: A Fundamental Evaluation of the Evidence</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="28026540" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DanayDowning"><img alt="Profile image of Danay C Downing" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/28026540/7943743/8898610/s65_danay.downing.jpg" />Danay C Downing</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the cognitive mind of the great ape. This assessment will examine the multiple facets of ape cognition, what it consists of, and its many dimensions. The current investigation seeks to demonstrate evidence of cognition and mind. Recent primate literature will be reviewed with an interdisciplinary approach, taking into account research in anthropology, biology, ethology, primatology, and psychology. The science of studying the faculty of apes will be highlighted, and examples that suggest cognitive processes will be provided. Focusing on empirical evidence, the following cognitive abilities of great apes will be explored: complex and meaningful use of language, deception, manipulation, imagination, and understanding. Cognition and language are highly intertwined. The inferior capacity of animals to use language may in fact be a consequence of cognitive and learning limitations. After all, without the ability to think, there would be little need for language, because there would not be any ideas to communicate. Therefore, the progression of ape research and ape language research must consider the evolution of the animal mind. Examples will be used to illustrate evidence of thinking, problem solving, social interaction, and the use of social information.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":37075291,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/11501096/The_Great_Ape_Cognitive_Mind_A_Fundamental_Evaluation_of_the_Evidence"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":37075291,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/11501096/The_Great_Ape_Cognitive_Mind_A_Fundamental_Evaluation_of_the_Evidence"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="37075291" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/11501096/The_Great_Ape_Cognitive_Mind_A_Fundamental_Evaluation_of_the_Evidence" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="100458180" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/100458180/Great_ape_cognitive_systems">Great ape cognitive systems</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8601167" href="https://yorku.academia.edu/AnneRusson">Anne Russon</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Evolution of Thought, 2004</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Great ape cognitive systems","attachmentId":101277003,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/100458180/Great_ape_cognitive_systems","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/100458180/Great_ape_cognitive_systems"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="47466833" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47466833/The_Evolution_of_Thought_Evolutionary_Origins_of_Great_Ape_Intelligence_Apes_Monkeys_Children_and_the_Growth_of_Mind">The Evolution of Thought: Evolutionary Origins of Great Ape Intelligence. 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href="https://independent.academia.edu/SArahTowner">SArah Towner</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2016</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Review Concept of mind in non-human primates","attachmentId":104987138,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/105570151/Review_Concept_of_mind_in_non_human_primates","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/105570151/Review_Concept_of_mind_in_non_human_primates"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" 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Being there, putting world, body and mind together again Savage-Rumbaugh, S., Shanker, S. & Taylor, T.J. Apes, language and the human mind</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="347902" href="https://southerndenmark.academia.edu/StephenJCowley">Stephen J. Cowley</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2000</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Putting apes (body and language) together again A review article of: Clark, A. Being there, putting world, body and mind together again Savage-Rumbaugh, S., Shanker, S. \u0026 Taylor, T.J. 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