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class="left-panel-container"><div class="user-info-component-wrapper"><div class="user-summary-cta-container"><div class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Zygmunt Dembek" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/269788713/120297110/109621602/s200_zygmunt.dembek.png" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Zygmunt Dembek</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-cta-container"><button class="ds2-5-button hidden profile-cta-button grow js-profile-follow-button" data-broccoli-component="user-info.follow-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-follow-button" data-follow-user-fname="Zygmunt" data-follow-user-id="269788713" 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class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="269788713" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bob_Dylan"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://independent.academia.edu/ZDembek","location":"/ZDembek","scheme":"https","host":"independent.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/ZDembek","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Bob Dylan"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-665af45d-ad5f-49cb-8ef6-c1b8b358df27"></div> <div 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id="Pill-react-component-9911ebae-bd59-4181-b6fb-171feaf8c18b"></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Zygmunt Dembek</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110665290"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665290/Informing_COVID_19_Response_and_Health_Equity_Agenda_Collection_of_Public_Health_Reports_Articles_on_Emerging_Viral_Epidemics_in_the_United_States_1878_2021"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Informing COVID-19 Response and Health Equity Agenda: Collection of Public Health Reports Articles on Emerging Viral Epidemics in the United States, 1878-2021" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108412219/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665290/Informing_COVID_19_Response_and_Health_Equity_Agenda_Collection_of_Public_Health_Reports_Articles_on_Emerging_Viral_Epidemics_in_the_United_States_1878_2021">Informing COVID-19 Response and Health Equity Agenda: Collection of Public Health Reports Articles on Emerging Viral Epidemics in the United States, 1878-2021</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Public Health Reports</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Objective: Public Health Reports ( PHR) is the oldest public health journal in the United States ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Objective: Public Health Reports ( PHR) is the oldest public health journal in the United States and has reported on viral epidemics since the 19th century. We describe the creation and analysis of a collection of historic PHR articles on emerging viral epidemics in the United States to inform public health response to COVID-19 and future epidemics. Methods: We searched databases from 1878 through 2021 using custom search strings and conducted a manual search for articles published under previously used names for PHR. We evaluated all articles based on inclusion/exclusion criteria and coded the final list for virus/disease, article type, public health emergency preparedness and response capabilities from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and PubMed citation count. Results: We identified 349 relevant articles including 130 commentaries/reviews/editorials, 79 epidemiologic reports, 75 research articles, and 65 case study/practice articles. The collection focused on...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5d8280f2f1b52fbd7f59c1e5c441ce1d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108412219,"asset_id":110665290,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108412219/download_file?st=MTczMzE5ODM2Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110665290"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110665290"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665290; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665290]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665290]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665290; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110665290']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 110665290, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5d8280f2f1b52fbd7f59c1e5c441ce1d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110665290]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110665290,"title":"Informing COVID-19 Response and Health Equity Agenda: Collection of Public Health Reports Articles on Emerging Viral Epidemics in the United States, 1878-2021","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Objective: Public Health Reports ( PHR) is the oldest public health journal in the United States and has reported on viral epidemics since the 19th century. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110665286"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665286/Preclinical_Evidence_for_the_Role_of_Botulinum_Neurotoxin_A_BoNT_A_in_the_Treatment_of_Peripheral_Nerve_Injury"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Preclinical Evidence for the Role of Botulinum Neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) in the Treatment of Peripheral Nerve Injury" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108412137/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665286/Preclinical_Evidence_for_the_Role_of_Botulinum_Neurotoxin_A_BoNT_A_in_the_Treatment_of_Peripheral_Nerve_Injury">Preclinical Evidence for the Role of Botulinum Neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) in the Treatment of Peripheral Nerve Injury</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Microorganisms</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Traumatic peripheral nerve injuries tend to be more common in younger, working age populations an...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Traumatic peripheral nerve injuries tend to be more common in younger, working age populations and can lead to long-lasting disability. Peripheral nerves have an impressive capacity to regenerate; however, successful recovery after injury depends on a number of factors including the mechanism and severity of the trauma, the distance from injury to the reinnervation target, connective tissue sheath integrity, and delay between injury and treatment. Even though modern surgical procedures have greatly improved the success rate, many peripheral nerve injuries still culminate in persistent neuropathic pain and incomplete functional recovery. Recent studies in animals suggest that botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) can accelerate nerve regeneration and improve functional recovery after injury to peripheral nerves. Possible mechanisms of BoNT/A action include activation or proliferation of support cells (Schwann cells, mast cells, and macrophages), increased angiogenesis, and improvement of b...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e2299949b2e3af8dd9ebb2c812bc14c8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108412137,"asset_id":110665286,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108412137/download_file?st=MTczMzE5ODM2Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110665286"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110665286"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665286; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665286]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665286]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665286; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110665286']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 110665286, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e2299949b2e3af8dd9ebb2c812bc14c8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110665286]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110665286,"title":"Preclinical Evidence for the Role of Botulinum Neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) in the Treatment of Peripheral Nerve Injury","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Traumatic peripheral nerve injuries tend to be more common in younger, working age populations and can lead to long-lasting disability. Peripheral nerves have an impressive capacity to regenerate; however, successful recovery after injury depends on a number of factors including the mechanism and severity of the trauma, the distance from injury to the reinnervation target, connective tissue sheath integrity, and delay between injury and treatment. Even though modern surgical procedures have greatly improved the success rate, many peripheral nerve injuries still culminate in persistent neuropathic pain and incomplete functional recovery. Recent studies in animals suggest that botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) can accelerate nerve regeneration and improve functional recovery after injury to peripheral nerves. Possible mechanisms of BoNT/A action include activation or proliferation of support cells (Schwann cells, mast cells, and macrophages), increased angiogenesis, and improvement of b...","publisher":"MDPI AG","publication_name":"Microorganisms"},"translated_abstract":"Traumatic peripheral nerve injuries tend to be more common in younger, working age populations and can lead to long-lasting disability. Peripheral nerves have an impressive capacity to regenerate; however, successful recovery after injury depends on a number of factors including the mechanism and severity of the trauma, the distance from injury to the reinnervation target, connective tissue sheath integrity, and delay between injury and treatment. Even though modern surgical procedures have greatly improved the success rate, many peripheral nerve injuries still culminate in persistent neuropathic pain and incomplete functional recovery. Recent studies in animals suggest that botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) can accelerate nerve regeneration and improve functional recovery after injury to peripheral nerves. Possible mechanisms of BoNT/A action include activation or proliferation of support cells (Schwann cells, mast cells, and macrophages), increased angiogenesis, and improvement of b...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110665286/Preclinical_Evidence_for_the_Role_of_Botulinum_Neurotoxin_A_BoNT_A_in_the_Treatment_of_Peripheral_Nerve_Injury","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-12-05T14:03:56.847-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":269788713,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":108412137,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108412137/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108412137/download_file?st=MTczMzE5ODM2Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Preclinical_Evidence_for_the_Role_of_Bot.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108412137/pdf-libre.pdf?1701814519=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPreclinical_Evidence_for_the_Role_of_Bot.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201962\u0026Signature=IJW2ATzjg7a9XvBQMAmFJJ1dfbf2xkC1BhvajTbH975JoHTCce~rdBxWIV08vW-3pklczlYysPKpxNimmh5ZJ3Ovkejfz-eFIyNhs20ZjRi~aR3hynYBHPfmOxIoIf~gJHjE-L-sV~xjphWzU6Bznj1Z95f-6FMEXguysve5Jz~wpwFu~mGcmW99-zIcLBFEt5tkYZWmxb2EBV41son-qB4FFTh2rek30GU~jTssozpzB-vhL-pUdSAoJsLHfFzDvIAPYbf~dYo7fWPZAAlrgTBQAQhBYPxobZMF7wSSZqQXQsvPPcuNfL-EHvEPSf2pTxcZhAujbOmynkOc2dpX4w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Preclinical_Evidence_for_the_Role_of_Botulinum_Neurotoxin_A_BoNT_A_in_the_Treatment_of_Peripheral_Nerve_Injury","translated_slug":"","page_count":23,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":269788713,"first_name":"Zygmunt","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Dembek","page_name":"ZDembek","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2023-05-15T08:15:28.794-07:00","display_name":"Zygmunt Dembek","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ZDembek"},"attachments":[{"id":108412137,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108412137/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108412137/download_file?st=MTczMzE5ODM2Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Preclinical_Evidence_for_the_Role_of_Bot.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108412137/pdf-libre.pdf?1701814519=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPreclinical_Evidence_for_the_Role_of_Bot.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201962\u0026Signature=IJW2ATzjg7a9XvBQMAmFJJ1dfbf2xkC1BhvajTbH975JoHTCce~rdBxWIV08vW-3pklczlYysPKpxNimmh5ZJ3Ovkejfz-eFIyNhs20ZjRi~aR3hynYBHPfmOxIoIf~gJHjE-L-sV~xjphWzU6Bznj1Z95f-6FMEXguysve5Jz~wpwFu~mGcmW99-zIcLBFEt5tkYZWmxb2EBV41son-qB4FFTh2rek30GU~jTssozpzB-vhL-pUdSAoJsLHfFzDvIAPYbf~dYo7fWPZAAlrgTBQAQhBYPxobZMF7wSSZqQXQsvPPcuNfL-EHvEPSf2pTxcZhAujbOmynkOc2dpX4w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":108412138,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108412138/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108412138/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Preclinical_Evidence_for_the_Role_of_Bot.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108412138/pdf-libre.pdf?1701814522=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPreclinical_Evidence_for_the_Role_of_Bot.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201962\u0026Signature=SpPPU8YAZ4cFIMpx~KRhzSnxvCPMVZSVanUUqP6~PCltDD5UKyLYXZNRP7KJFSsw2ban8Mxx82hoBktIzoBIRWahls3T5gH~Ko9VvE1h3VkbD~5Nm8HufQEMzqYVkaPMbDUZrIHsKl3oSXfS97TwVVwm6R5b7SdPbHUdTd811WU2jIQyVxKYg9Td~EMXIwKscHeuwetqngC~XukVWo7naIlBeUkdb2FzXsp9xaASrl2G~C1zw-k1LgsGS-SigXdgUP00E8NAwRPoqq-fwEwtg9K-RLTYhmZk8rWkyTEjEpApPQETfes92o90kB8odGn~IkVZ0kjw-7-JcwNJfafRsQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":38223,"name":"Peripheral Nerve Injury","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peripheral_Nerve_Injury"},{"id":129474,"name":"Connective tissue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Connective_tissue"},{"id":129739,"name":"Anesthesia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anesthesia"},{"id":230880,"name":"Reinnervation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reinnervation"},{"id":280134,"name":"Microorganisms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microorganisms"},{"id":1250051,"name":"Peripheral","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peripheral"},{"id":1832813,"name":"Nerve Injury","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nerve_Injury"}],"urls":[{"id":36518799,"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/5/886/pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110665282"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665282/Perfluoroalkyl_substances_exposure_and_immunity_allergic_response_infection_and_asthma_in_children_review_of_epidemiologic_studies"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Perfluoroalkyl substances exposure and immunity, allergic response, infection, and asthma in children: review of epidemiologic studies" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665282/Perfluoroalkyl_substances_exposure_and_immunity_allergic_response_infection_and_asthma_in_children_review_of_epidemiologic_studies">Perfluoroalkyl substances exposure and immunity, allergic response, infection, and asthma in children: review of epidemiologic studies</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Heliyon</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background Increased exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) potentially affects infant and ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background Increased exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) potentially affects infant and childhood health through immunosuppression. Given rapidly evolving research on PFAS, it is important to comprehensively examine the impact of PFAS exposure among the pediatric population as new research becomes available due to potential fragility of the developing immune system. Objectives This review assessed the effects of PFAS fetal, infant and childhood exposures upon the development of immune function during early life stages. Methods Researchers completed a literature review, searching PubMed for human studies published since 2010 for PFAS and health outcomes among infants and children. Included articles incorporated key search terms in the title or abstract; non-research reports and non-English papers were excluded. The search identified 518 studies for possible inclusion. Following hands-on review, 34 were determined relevant. Subsequent analyses found 8 additional relevant articles, totaling 42 studies. Results Major immune-related sequelae from PFAS exposures on infant and child health outcomes documented in recent literature include: • Strong indication of immunosuppression, with diminished childhood antibody response to vaccination, particularly with PFOA, PFOS and PFHxS exposures. • Some indication of increased risks of childhood infectious diseases/infections, particularly from PFOS exposures. • Limited indication of an effect of PFAS exposure on allergic reactions/allergen specific IgE antibodies. • Limited indication of an effect of PFAS exposure on atopic dermatitis (AD). • Limited indication of an effect of PFAS exposure on asthma and lung function. Conclusion This review summarizes recent findings of PFAS effects on infant and childhood immune health. Evidence of immunosuppression, diminished vaccine efficacy, and increased risk of infections, allergies, asthma and AD were described following in utero, infant, and early childhood PFAS exposures. Further investigation is warranted to characterize PFAS exposure pathways and potential modes of action in relation to PFAS effects on the developing immune system. Incontrovertible proof of PFAS immunotoxic effects could optimally be obtained by a large prospective study cohort of mothers and children from infancy through school-age. Regular assessments of circulating antibodies and response to infant and childhood vaccines during growth years could prove invaluable.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110665282"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110665282"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665282; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665282]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665282]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665282; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110665282']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 110665282, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110665282]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110665282,"title":"Perfluoroalkyl substances exposure and immunity, allergic response, infection, and asthma in children: review of epidemiologic studies","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Background Increased exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) potentially affects infant and childhood health through immunosuppression. Given rapidly evolving research on PFAS, it is important to comprehensively examine the impact of PFAS exposure among the pediatric population as new research becomes available due to potential fragility of the developing immune system. Objectives This review assessed the effects of PFAS fetal, infant and childhood exposures upon the development of immune function during early life stages. Methods Researchers completed a literature review, searching PubMed for human studies published since 2010 for PFAS and health outcomes among infants and children. Included articles incorporated key search terms in the title or abstract; non-research reports and non-English papers were excluded. The search identified 518 studies for possible inclusion. Following hands-on review, 34 were determined relevant. Subsequent analyses found 8 additional relevant articles, totaling 42 studies. Results Major immune-related sequelae from PFAS exposures on infant and child health outcomes documented in recent literature include: • Strong indication of immunosuppression, with diminished childhood antibody response to vaccination, particularly with PFOA, PFOS and PFHxS exposures. • Some indication of increased risks of childhood infectious diseases/infections, particularly from PFOS exposures. • Limited indication of an effect of PFAS exposure on allergic reactions/allergen specific IgE antibodies. • Limited indication of an effect of PFAS exposure on atopic dermatitis (AD). • Limited indication of an effect of PFAS exposure on asthma and lung function. Conclusion This review summarizes recent findings of PFAS effects on infant and childhood immune health. Evidence of immunosuppression, diminished vaccine efficacy, and increased risk of infections, allergies, asthma and AD were described following in utero, infant, and early childhood PFAS exposures. Further investigation is warranted to characterize PFAS exposure pathways and potential modes of action in relation to PFAS effects on the developing immune system. Incontrovertible proof of PFAS immunotoxic effects could optimally be obtained by a large prospective study cohort of mothers and children from infancy through school-age. Regular assessments of circulating antibodies and response to infant and childhood vaccines during growth years could prove invaluable.","publisher":"Elsevier BV","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2021,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Heliyon"},"translated_abstract":"Background Increased exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) potentially affects infant and childhood health through immunosuppression. Given rapidly evolving research on PFAS, it is important to comprehensively examine the impact of PFAS exposure among the pediatric population as new research becomes available due to potential fragility of the developing immune system. Objectives This review assessed the effects of PFAS fetal, infant and childhood exposures upon the development of immune function during early life stages. Methods Researchers completed a literature review, searching PubMed for human studies published since 2010 for PFAS and health outcomes among infants and children. Included articles incorporated key search terms in the title or abstract; non-research reports and non-English papers were excluded. The search identified 518 studies for possible inclusion. Following hands-on review, 34 were determined relevant. Subsequent analyses found 8 additional relevant articles, totaling 42 studies. Results Major immune-related sequelae from PFAS exposures on infant and child health outcomes documented in recent literature include: • Strong indication of immunosuppression, with diminished childhood antibody response to vaccination, particularly with PFOA, PFOS and PFHxS exposures. • Some indication of increased risks of childhood infectious diseases/infections, particularly from PFOS exposures. • Limited indication of an effect of PFAS exposure on allergic reactions/allergen specific IgE antibodies. • Limited indication of an effect of PFAS exposure on atopic dermatitis (AD). • Limited indication of an effect of PFAS exposure on asthma and lung function. Conclusion This review summarizes recent findings of PFAS effects on infant and childhood immune health. Evidence of immunosuppression, diminished vaccine efficacy, and increased risk of infections, allergies, asthma and AD were described following in utero, infant, and early childhood PFAS exposures. Further investigation is warranted to characterize PFAS exposure pathways and potential modes of action in relation to PFAS effects on the developing immune system. Incontrovertible proof of PFAS immunotoxic effects could optimally be obtained by a large prospective study cohort of mothers and children from infancy through school-age. Regular assessments of circulating antibodies and response to infant and childhood vaccines during growth years could prove invaluable.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110665282/Perfluoroalkyl_substances_exposure_and_immunity_allergic_response_infection_and_asthma_in_children_review_of_epidemiologic_studies","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-12-05T14:03:55.130-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":269788713,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Perfluoroalkyl_substances_exposure_and_immunity_allergic_response_infection_and_asthma_in_children_review_of_epidemiologic_studies","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":269788713,"first_name":"Zygmunt","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Dembek","page_name":"ZDembek","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2023-05-15T08:15:28.794-07:00","display_name":"Zygmunt Dembek","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ZDembek"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology"},{"id":9968,"name":"Asthma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asthma"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":62896,"name":"Allergy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Allergy"},{"id":118540,"name":"Immunosuppression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunosuppression"}],"urls":[{"id":36518794,"url":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S2405844021022635?httpAccept=text/xml"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110665278"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665278/Detection_and_Reporting_of_Organisms_Producing_Extended_Spectrum_%CE%B2_Lactamases_Survey_of_Laboratories_in_Connecticut"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Detection and Reporting of Organisms Producing Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases: Survey of Laboratories in Connecticut" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108412238/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665278/Detection_and_Reporting_of_Organisms_Producing_Extended_Spectrum_%CE%B2_Lactamases_Survey_of_Laboratories_in_Connecticut">Detection and Reporting of Organisms Producing Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases: Survey of Laboratories in Connecticut</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Clinical Microbiology</span><span>, 1999</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes produced in some gram-negative bacilli that me...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes produced in some gram-negative bacilli that mediate resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam. They are most common in Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia coli but are present in a variety of Enterobacteriaceae . Resistance mediated by these enzymes can be difficult to detect depending on the antimicrobial agents tested. AmpC β-lactamases are related to the chromosomal enzymes of Enterobacter and Citrobacter spp. and also mediate resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam in addition to cephamycins, such as cefoxitin. Unlike ESBLs, however, AmpC β-lactamases are not inhibited by clavulanic acid or other similar compounds. To assess the abilities of various antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods to detect ESBLs, we sent three ESBL-producing organisms, one AmpC-producing organism, and a control strain that was susceptible to extended-spectrum cephalosporins to 38 laboratories in Connecticut for t...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c70fdab8a9ce9f7be08a7ef11356c6f0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108412238,"asset_id":110665278,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108412238/download_file?st=MTczMzE5ODM2Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110665278"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110665278"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665278; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665278]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665278]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665278; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110665278']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 110665278, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c70fdab8a9ce9f7be08a7ef11356c6f0" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110665278]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110665278,"title":"Detection and Reporting of Organisms Producing Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases: Survey of Laboratories in Connecticut","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes produced in some gram-negative bacilli that mediate resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam. 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$a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110665272"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665272/Operational_Perspective_of_Lessons_Learned_From_the_Ebola_Crisis"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Operational Perspective of Lessons Learned From the Ebola Crisis" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108412210/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665272/Operational_Perspective_of_Lessons_Learned_From_the_Ebola_Crisis">Operational Perspective of Lessons Learned From the Ebola Crisis</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Military Medicine</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c455fcbd87f55c089e155beb7dc7ac34" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108412210,"asset_id":110665272,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108412210/download_file?st=MTczMzE5ODM2Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110665272"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110665248"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665248/Guidelines_for_constructing_a_statewide_hospital_syndromic_surveillance_network"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Guidelines for constructing a statewide hospital syndromic surveillance network" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665248/Guidelines_for_constructing_a_statewide_hospital_syndromic_surveillance_network">Guidelines for constructing a statewide hospital syndromic surveillance network</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report</span><span>, Jan 26, 2005</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The process to initiate a comprehensive and inexpensive statewide hospital emergency department-b...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The process to initiate a comprehensive and inexpensive statewide hospital emergency department-based syndromic surveillance system (HEDSS) in Connecticut can serve as a template for others. With limited financial resources, the Connecticut Department of Public Health (CDPH) determined the requirements necessary to establish and routinely conduct hospital emergency department (HED)-based syndromic surveillance. A statewide survey assessed ability and willingness of Connecticut hospitals to participate in HED syndromic surveillance. The New York City HED-based system protocol and analysis programs, available without financial charge, were modified for use in Connecticut. This system is based on hospitals sending daily standardized files of chief complaint data through encrypted e-mail or an FTP protocol to CDPH with subsequent categorization into syndromes using a SAS program. Anticipating regional surveillance needs during the Republican National Convention in New York City (RNC), C...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110665248"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110665248"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665248; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665248]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665248]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665248; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110665248']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 110665248, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110665248]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110665248,"title":"Guidelines for constructing a statewide hospital syndromic surveillance network","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The process to initiate a comprehensive and inexpensive statewide hospital emergency department-based syndromic surveillance system (HEDSS) in Connecticut can serve as a template for others. With limited financial resources, the Connecticut Department of Public Health (CDPH) determined the requirements necessary to establish and routinely conduct hospital emergency department (HED)-based syndromic surveillance. A statewide survey assessed ability and willingness of Connecticut hospitals to participate in HED syndromic surveillance. The New York City HED-based system protocol and analysis programs, available without financial charge, were modified for use in Connecticut. This system is based on hospitals sending daily standardized files of chief complaint data through encrypted e-mail or an FTP protocol to CDPH with subsequent categorization into syndromes using a SAS program. Anticipating regional surveillance needs during the Republican National Convention in New York City (RNC), C...","publication_date":{"day":26,"month":1,"year":2005,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report"},"translated_abstract":"The process to initiate a comprehensive and inexpensive statewide hospital emergency department-based syndromic surveillance system (HEDSS) in Connecticut can serve as a template for others. With limited financial resources, the Connecticut Department of Public Health (CDPH) determined the requirements necessary to establish and routinely conduct hospital emergency department (HED)-based syndromic surveillance. A statewide survey assessed ability and willingness of Connecticut hospitals to participate in HED syndromic surveillance. The New York City HED-based system protocol and analysis programs, available without financial charge, were modified for use in Connecticut. This system is based on hospitals sending daily standardized files of chief complaint data through encrypted e-mail or an FTP protocol to CDPH with subsequent categorization into syndromes using a SAS program. 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Entitled &quot;The Public Health Response to Bioterrorism,&quot; this popular course was one of the few developed by academic programs in the United States prior to the attack of September 11, 2001. The course utilizes innovative teaching methods and presentations by distinguished guest speakers to educate public health personnel, public health and medical students, and physicians and nurses about the complex issues involved in the public health response to bioterrorism. The instructional methods and curriculum can serve as prototypes for similar efforts.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="093e98a086ff4376deea7c94da1bab4e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108412208,"asset_id":110665237,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108412208/download_file?st=MTczMzE5ODM2Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110665237"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110665237"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665237; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665237]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665237]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665237; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110665237']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 110665237, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "093e98a086ff4376deea7c94da1bab4e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110665237]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110665237,"title":"A model curriculum for public health bioterrorism education","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Beginning with the spring semester of 2001, a course designed to prepare future public health leaders for potential bioterrorism events has been offered by the University of Connecticut Graduate Program in Public Health. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110665229"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665229/Kinetic_and_Reaction_Pathway_Analysis_in_the_Application_of_Botulinum_Toxin_A_for_Wound_Healing"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Kinetic and Reaction Pathway Analysis in the Application of Botulinum Toxin A for Wound Healing" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108412118/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665229/Kinetic_and_Reaction_Pathway_Analysis_in_the_Application_of_Botulinum_Toxin_A_for_Wound_Healing">Kinetic and Reaction Pathway Analysis in the Application of Botulinum Toxin A for Wound Healing</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Toxicology</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A relatively new approach in the treatment of specific wounds in animal models and in patients wi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A relatively new approach in the treatment of specific wounds in animal models and in patients with type A botulinum toxin is the focus of this paper. The indications or conditions include traumatic wounds (experimental and clinical), surgical (incision) wounds, and wounds such as fissures and ulcers that are signs/symptoms of disease or other processes. An objective was to conduct systematic literature searches and take note of the reactions involved in the healing process and identify corresponding pharmacokinetic data. From several case reports, we developed a qualitative model of how botulinum toxin disrupts the vicious cycle of muscle spasm, pain, inflammation, decreased blood flow, and ischemia. We transformed this model into a minimal kinetic scheme for healing chronic wounds. The model helped us to estimate the rate of decline of this toxin&#39;s therapeutic effect by calculating the rate of recurrence of clinical symptoms after a wound-healing treatment with this neurotoxin.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="da138f48515e534e88a84c52905c1928" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108412118,"asset_id":110665229,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108412118/download_file?st=MTczMzE5ODM2Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110665229"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110665229"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665229; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665229]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665229]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665229; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110665229']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 110665229, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "da138f48515e534e88a84c52905c1928" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110665229]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110665229,"title":"Kinetic and Reaction Pathway Analysis in the Application of Botulinum Toxin A for Wound Healing","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"A relatively new approach in the treatment of specific wounds in animal models and in patients with type A botulinum toxin is the focus of this paper. 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The model helped us to estimate the rate of decline of this toxin\u0026#39;s therapeutic effect by calculating the rate of recurrence of clinical symptoms after a wound-healing treatment with this neurotoxin.","publisher":"Hindawi Limited","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2012,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Toxicology"},"translated_abstract":"A relatively new approach in the treatment of specific wounds in animal models and in patients with type A botulinum toxin is the focus of this paper. The indications or conditions include traumatic wounds (experimental and clinical), surgical (incision) wounds, and wounds such as fissures and ulcers that are signs/symptoms of disease or other processes. An objective was to conduct systematic literature searches and take note of the reactions involved in the healing process and identify corresponding pharmacokinetic data. 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"profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110665216"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665216/The_History_and_Threat_of_Biological_Weapons_and_Bioterrorism"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The History and Threat of Biological Weapons and Bioterrorism" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665216/The_History_and_Threat_of_Biological_Weapons_and_Bioterrorism">The History and Threat of Biological Weapons and Bioterrorism</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Hospital Preparation for Bioterror</span><span>, 2006</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the history and threats posed by biological weapons and ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the history and threats posed by biological weapons and bioterrorism. In the past, recognition of the effect of infectious diseases on populations resulted in the use of infected individuals, toxins, human waste, cadavers, and animal carcasses as weapons against armies. Toxic arrows were commonly used as weapons in ancient civilizations. Among the arrow poisons used were snake toxins, scorpion venom, and various plant toxins. During World War II, Russian scientists isolated aconitine to create poison bullets, which were used as assassination weapons. A recent bioterrorism incident was in 1991, when a right-wing extremist group, the Minnesota Patriots Council, produced a small quantity of ricin toxin from castor beans. They planned to use a mixture of ricin and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), hoping that the DMSO would transport the ricin. Various countries with records of supporting terrorist organizations are believed to have biological-weapons programs. Some of these countries include Cuba, Iran, Iraq, Libya, North Korea, and Syria.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110665216"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110665216"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665216; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665216]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665216]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665216; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110665216']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 110665216, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110665216]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110665216,"title":"The History and Threat of Biological Weapons and Bioterrorism","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the history and threats posed by biological weapons and bioterrorism. In the past, recognition of the effect of infectious diseases on populations resulted in the use of infected individuals, toxins, human waste, cadavers, and animal carcasses as weapons against armies. Toxic arrows were commonly used as weapons in ancient civilizations. Among the arrow poisons used were snake toxins, scorpion venom, and various plant toxins. During World War II, Russian scientists isolated aconitine to create poison bullets, which were used as assassination weapons. A recent bioterrorism incident was in 1991, when a right-wing extremist group, the Minnesota Patriots Council, produced a small quantity of ricin toxin from castor beans. They planned to use a mixture of ricin and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), hoping that the DMSO would transport the ricin. Various countries with records of supporting terrorist organizations are believed to have biological-weapons programs. Some of these countries include Cuba, Iran, Iraq, Libya, North Korea, and Syria.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2006,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Hospital Preparation for Bioterror"},"translated_abstract":"Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the history and threats posed by biological weapons and bioterrorism. In the past, recognition of the effect of infectious diseases on populations resulted in the use of infected individuals, toxins, human waste, cadavers, and animal carcasses as weapons against armies. Toxic arrows were commonly used as weapons in ancient civilizations. Among the arrow poisons used were snake toxins, scorpion venom, and various plant toxins. During World War II, Russian scientists isolated aconitine to create poison bullets, which were used as assassination weapons. A recent bioterrorism incident was in 1991, when a right-wing extremist group, the Minnesota Patriots Council, produced a small quantity of ricin toxin from castor beans. They planned to use a mixture of ricin and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), hoping that the DMSO would transport the ricin. Various countries with records of supporting terrorist organizations are believed to have biological-weapons programs. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110665202"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665202/Botulism_cause_effects_diagnosis_clinical_and_laboratory_identification_and_treatment_modalities"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Botulism: cause, effects, diagnosis, clinical and laboratory identification, and treatment modalities" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665202/Botulism_cause_effects_diagnosis_clinical_and_laboratory_identification_and_treatment_modalities">Botulism: cause, effects, diagnosis, clinical and laboratory identification, and treatment modalities</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Disaster medicine and public health preparedness</span><span>, 2007</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Botulism is a neuroparalytic disease caused by neurotoxins produced by the bacteria Clostridium b...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Botulism is a neuroparalytic disease caused by neurotoxins produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum. Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are among the most potent naturally occurring toxins and are a category A biological threat agent. The 7 toxin serotypes of BoNTs (serotypes A-G) have different toxicities, act through 3 different intracellular protein targets, and exhibit different durations of effect. Botulism may follow ingestion of food contaminated with BoNT, from toxin production of C botulinum present in the intestine or wounds, or from inhalation of aerosolized toxin. Intoxication classically presents as an acute, symmetrical, descending flaccid paralysis. Early diagnosis is important because antitoxin therapy is most effective when administered early. Confirmatory testing of botulism with BoNT assays or C botulinum cultures is time-consuming, and may be insensitive in the diagnosis of inhalational botulism and in as many as 32% of food-borne botulism cases. Therefore, the ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110665202"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110665202"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665202; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665202]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665202]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665202; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110665202']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 110665202, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110665202]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110665202,"title":"Botulism: cause, effects, diagnosis, clinical and laboratory identification, and treatment modalities","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Botulism is a neuroparalytic disease caused by neurotoxins produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum. 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Confirmatory testing of botulism with BoNT assays or C botulinum cultures is time-consuming, and may be insensitive in the diagnosis of inhalational botulism and in as many as 32% of food-borne botulism cases. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110665191"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665191/Tularemia_Francisella_tularensis_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Tularemia ( Francisella tularensis )" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665191/Tularemia_Francisella_tularensis_">Tularemia ( Francisella tularensis )</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Encyclopedia of Bioterrorism Defense</span><span>, 2005</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Tularemia is a zoonosis, a disease of animals transmissible to humans, and is caused by the facul...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Tularemia is a zoonosis, a disease of animals transmissible to humans, and is caused by the facultative intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis. F. tularensis is considered a potential agent of biological warfare and bioterrorism and as such has been rated among the top 6 category A agents. Formerly, F. tularensis was included among agents developed and used by state-sponsored bioweapons programs. In fact, F. tularensis is one of the most infectious pathogenic bacteria known, requiring inoculation or inhalation of as few as 10 organisms to cause human infection. At present there are four recognized subspecies of F. tularensis: tularensis, holarctica, mediasiatica, and novicida. The natural reservoirs of F. tularensis still await complete delineation. Little is known about the virulence mechanisms of F. tularensis. In a bioterrorism scenario, respiratory tularemia (acquired through inhalation) is judged to be the greatest threat. Natural outbreaks of human respiratory type A or type B tularemia have repeatedly been recorded in farmers and landscape workers illustrating the potential of effective F. tularensis transmission by dry aerosols. The clinical expression of tularemia largely depends on the route of entrance of the infectious agent and the prognosis in tularemia is highly dependent on the causative subspecies of F. tularensis. There is currently no licensed and widely available tularemia vaccine. Tularemia warrants antibiotic treatment and is not transmitted from person to person. Currently, there is a reawakened interest in tularemia and a rapid development of new diagnostics, prophylactics and therapies. Keywords: biological weapon; bioterrorism; category A agent; deerfly fever; Francisella tularensis; hare fever; holarctica; lemming fever; mediasiatica; novicida; O&#39;Hara&#39;s disease; rabbit fever; tularemia; zoonotic</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110665191"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110665191"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665191; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665191]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665191]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665191; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110665191']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 110665191, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110665191]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110665191,"title":"Tularemia ( Francisella tularensis )","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Tularemia is a zoonosis, a disease of animals transmissible to humans, and is caused by the facultative intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis. F. tularensis is considered a potential agent of biological warfare and bioterrorism and as such has been rated among the top 6 category A agents. Formerly, F. tularensis was included among agents developed and used by state-sponsored bioweapons programs. In fact, F. tularensis is one of the most infectious pathogenic bacteria known, requiring inoculation or inhalation of as few as 10 organisms to cause human infection. At present there are four recognized subspecies of F. tularensis: tularensis, holarctica, mediasiatica, and novicida. The natural reservoirs of F. tularensis still await complete delineation. Little is known about the virulence mechanisms of F. tularensis. In a bioterrorism scenario, respiratory tularemia (acquired through inhalation) is judged to be the greatest threat. Natural outbreaks of human respiratory type A or type B tularemia have repeatedly been recorded in farmers and landscape workers illustrating the potential of effective F. tularensis transmission by dry aerosols. The clinical expression of tularemia largely depends on the route of entrance of the infectious agent and the prognosis in tularemia is highly dependent on the causative subspecies of F. tularensis. There is currently no licensed and widely available tularemia vaccine. Tularemia warrants antibiotic treatment and is not transmitted from person to person. Currently, there is a reawakened interest in tularemia and a rapid development of new diagnostics, prophylactics and therapies. Keywords: biological weapon; bioterrorism; category A agent; deerfly fever; Francisella tularensis; hare fever; holarctica; lemming fever; mediasiatica; novicida; O\u0026#39;Hara\u0026#39;s disease; rabbit fever; tularemia; zoonotic","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2005,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Encyclopedia of Bioterrorism Defense"},"translated_abstract":"Tularemia is a zoonosis, a disease of animals transmissible to humans, and is caused by the facultative intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis. F. tularensis is considered a potential agent of biological warfare and bioterrorism and as such has been rated among the top 6 category A agents. Formerly, F. tularensis was included among agents developed and used by state-sponsored bioweapons programs. In fact, F. tularensis is one of the most infectious pathogenic bacteria known, requiring inoculation or inhalation of as few as 10 organisms to cause human infection. At present there are four recognized subspecies of F. tularensis: tularensis, holarctica, mediasiatica, and novicida. The natural reservoirs of F. tularensis still await complete delineation. Little is known about the virulence mechanisms of F. tularensis. In a bioterrorism scenario, respiratory tularemia (acquired through inhalation) is judged to be the greatest threat. Natural outbreaks of human respiratory type A or type B tularemia have repeatedly been recorded in farmers and landscape workers illustrating the potential of effective F. tularensis transmission by dry aerosols. The clinical expression of tularemia largely depends on the route of entrance of the infectious agent and the prognosis in tularemia is highly dependent on the causative subspecies of F. tularensis. There is currently no licensed and widely available tularemia vaccine. Tularemia warrants antibiotic treatment and is not transmitted from person to person. Currently, there is a reawakened interest in tularemia and a rapid development of new diagnostics, prophylactics and therapies. Keywords: biological weapon; bioterrorism; category A agent; deerfly fever; Francisella tularensis; hare fever; holarctica; lemming fever; mediasiatica; novicida; O\u0026#39;Hara\u0026#39;s disease; rabbit fever; tularemia; zoonotic","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110665191/Tularemia_Francisella_tularensis_","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-12-05T14:03:31.934-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":269788713,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Tularemia_Francisella_tularensis_","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":269788713,"first_name":"Zygmunt","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Dembek","page_name":"ZDembek","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2023-05-15T08:15:28.794-07:00","display_name":"Zygmunt Dembek","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ZDembek"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":159,"name":"Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microbiology"},{"id":7710,"name":"Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology"},{"id":8089,"name":"Virology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Virology"},{"id":212551,"name":"Francisella tularensis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Francisella_tularensis"},{"id":2216746,"name":"Tularemia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tularemia"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110665184"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665184/A_Comparison_of_Radon_In_Water_Mitigation_Systems"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A Comparison of Radon-In-Water Mitigation Systems" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108412185/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665184/A_Comparison_of_Radon_In_Water_Mitigation_Systems">A Comparison of Radon-In-Water Mitigation Systems</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The results of a one to four year comparison study are presented for different design types of ra...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The results of a one to four year comparison study are presented for different design types of radon-in-water mitigation systems: diffused bubble aerator with and without water softener, shallow tray aerator with water softener, and spray and diffused aerator tank with charcoal tank. The four wells which supply these mitigation systems vary in radon content from an arithmetic mean of 43,894 pCi/L to 457,807 pCi/L. The diffused bubble aerator with water softener provided the most successful mitigation with 99.9% radon removal efficiency, while the spray and diffused aerator tank with charcoal filter tank produced the least successful radon removal efficiency at 77.7%. Various problems observed of these radon-in-water mitigation systems are documented. The implications of these findings are discussed, as well as mitigation effects upon naturally occurring radium and uranium.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="608331185bb6ea0633c77dc6e8d4aa90" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108412185,"asset_id":110665184,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108412185/download_file?st=MTczMzE5ODM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110665184"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110665184"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665184; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665184]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665184]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665184; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110665184']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 110665184, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "608331185bb6ea0633c77dc6e8d4aa90" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110665184]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110665184,"title":"A Comparison of Radon-In-Water Mitigation Systems","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The results of a one to four year comparison study are presented for different design types of radon-in-water mitigation systems: diffused bubble aerator with and without water softener, shallow tray aerator with water softener, and spray and diffused aerator tank with charcoal tank. 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The implications of these findings are discussed, as well as mitigation effects upon naturally occurring radium and uranium.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110665184/A_Comparison_of_Radon_In_Water_Mitigation_Systems","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-12-05T14:03:30.649-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":269788713,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":108412185,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108412185/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1993_41_Comparison_of_Radon-In-Water_Mitigation_Systems.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108412185/download_file?st=MTczMzE5ODM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"A_Comparison_of_Radon_In_Water_Mitigatio.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108412185/1993_41_Comparison_of_Radon-In-Water_Mitigation_Systems-libre.pdf?1701814512=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_Comparison_of_Radon_In_Water_Mitigatio.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201963\u0026Signature=CbodAuTw1uZEcVXcek1yB1TFsuQ5sSsFKldB9woccU0~KLLueRpoWFbuZEbw6rk63lfbGduLMyi9Yy9Tdr0AVwTJNv0fwOK-TlT2MUq-4sgC6aTxyJZ2GsGWG~-3c96FJAlxxMoRk~tsiZXUxJBt~f7TIDXwxDoKXkBo2GzF6c3pg3oEjDp8YNH1~q-L8FjgUh8iw0GpRo~KHv4SXrB4YUiwyngP6MlZ0qIZGJYFCoUF4lBHvwgG8oQP1jeSoHHoT8b9sl~sdIoi~ZBGgtgrdmDHBy4GScX8c73ugBTwPng4sikD31gFi895Hl8weV258gYUkRzS~KigknuvrmTJVw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"A_Comparison_of_Radon_In_Water_Mitigation_Systems","translated_slug":"","page_count":8,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":269788713,"first_name":"Zygmunt","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Dembek","page_name":"ZDembek","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2023-05-15T08:15:28.794-07:00","display_name":"Zygmunt Dembek","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ZDembek"},"attachments":[{"id":108412185,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108412185/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1993_41_Comparison_of_Radon-In-Water_Mitigation_Systems.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108412185/download_file?st=MTczMzE5ODM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"A_Comparison_of_Radon_In_Water_Mitigatio.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108412185/1993_41_Comparison_of_Radon-In-Water_Mitigation_Systems-libre.pdf?1701814512=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_Comparison_of_Radon_In_Water_Mitigatio.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201963\u0026Signature=CbodAuTw1uZEcVXcek1yB1TFsuQ5sSsFKldB9woccU0~KLLueRpoWFbuZEbw6rk63lfbGduLMyi9Yy9Tdr0AVwTJNv0fwOK-TlT2MUq-4sgC6aTxyJZ2GsGWG~-3c96FJAlxxMoRk~tsiZXUxJBt~f7TIDXwxDoKXkBo2GzF6c3pg3oEjDp8YNH1~q-L8FjgUh8iw0GpRo~KHv4SXrB4YUiwyngP6MlZ0qIZGJYFCoUF4lBHvwgG8oQP1jeSoHHoT8b9sl~sdIoi~ZBGgtgrdmDHBy4GScX8c73ugBTwPng4sikD31gFi895Hl8weV258gYUkRzS~KigknuvrmTJVw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering"},{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering"},{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science"},{"id":225942,"name":"Radon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radon"},{"id":803011,"name":"Aeration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aeration"},{"id":978631,"name":"Radium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radium"},{"id":2534770,"name":"Arithmetic mean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arithmetic_mean"},{"id":2633577,"name":"Removal Efficiency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Removal_Efficiency"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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To thi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Obtaining accurate baseline data is essential in setting practical numerical target goals. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="18896998" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110665290"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665290/Informing_COVID_19_Response_and_Health_Equity_Agenda_Collection_of_Public_Health_Reports_Articles_on_Emerging_Viral_Epidemics_in_the_United_States_1878_2021"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Informing COVID-19 Response and Health Equity Agenda: Collection of Public Health Reports Articles on Emerging Viral Epidemics in the United States, 1878-2021" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108412219/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665290/Informing_COVID_19_Response_and_Health_Equity_Agenda_Collection_of_Public_Health_Reports_Articles_on_Emerging_Viral_Epidemics_in_the_United_States_1878_2021">Informing COVID-19 Response and Health Equity Agenda: Collection of Public Health Reports Articles on Emerging Viral Epidemics in the United States, 1878-2021</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Public Health Reports</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Objective: Public Health Reports ( PHR) is the oldest public health journal in the United States ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Objective: Public Health Reports ( PHR) is the oldest public health journal in the United States and has reported on viral epidemics since the 19th century. We describe the creation and analysis of a collection of historic PHR articles on emerging viral epidemics in the United States to inform public health response to COVID-19 and future epidemics. Methods: We searched databases from 1878 through 2021 using custom search strings and conducted a manual search for articles published under previously used names for PHR. We evaluated all articles based on inclusion/exclusion criteria and coded the final list for virus/disease, article type, public health emergency preparedness and response capabilities from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and PubMed citation count. Results: We identified 349 relevant articles including 130 commentaries/reviews/editorials, 79 epidemiologic reports, 75 research articles, and 65 case study/practice articles. The collection focused on...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5d8280f2f1b52fbd7f59c1e5c441ce1d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108412219,"asset_id":110665290,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108412219/download_file?st=MTczMzE5ODM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzE5ODM2Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110665290"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110665290"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665290; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665290]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665290]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665290; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110665290']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 110665290, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5d8280f2f1b52fbd7f59c1e5c441ce1d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110665290]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110665290,"title":"Informing COVID-19 Response and Health Equity Agenda: Collection of Public Health Reports Articles on Emerging Viral Epidemics in the United States, 1878-2021","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Objective: Public Health Reports ( PHR) is the oldest public health journal in the United States and has reported on viral epidemics since the 19th century. We describe the creation and analysis of a collection of historic PHR articles on emerging viral epidemics in the United States to inform public health response to COVID-19 and future epidemics. Methods: We searched databases from 1878 through 2021 using custom search strings and conducted a manual search for articles published under previously used names for PHR. We evaluated all articles based on inclusion/exclusion criteria and coded the final list for virus/disease, article type, public health emergency preparedness and response capabilities from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and PubMed citation count. Results: We identified 349 relevant articles including 130 commentaries/reviews/editorials, 79 epidemiologic reports, 75 research articles, and 65 case study/practice articles. The collection focused on...","publisher":"SAGE Publications","publication_name":"Public Health Reports"},"translated_abstract":"Objective: Public Health Reports ( PHR) is the oldest public health journal in the United States and has reported on viral epidemics since the 19th century. We describe the creation and analysis of a collection of historic PHR articles on emerging viral epidemics in the United States to inform public health response to COVID-19 and future epidemics. Methods: We searched databases from 1878 through 2021 using custom search strings and conducted a manual search for articles published under previously used names for PHR. We evaluated all articles based on inclusion/exclusion criteria and coded the final list for virus/disease, article type, public health emergency preparedness and response capabilities from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and PubMed citation count. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110665286"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665286/Preclinical_Evidence_for_the_Role_of_Botulinum_Neurotoxin_A_BoNT_A_in_the_Treatment_of_Peripheral_Nerve_Injury"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Preclinical Evidence for the Role of Botulinum Neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) in the Treatment of Peripheral Nerve Injury" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108412137/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665286/Preclinical_Evidence_for_the_Role_of_Botulinum_Neurotoxin_A_BoNT_A_in_the_Treatment_of_Peripheral_Nerve_Injury">Preclinical Evidence for the Role of Botulinum Neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) in the Treatment of Peripheral Nerve Injury</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Microorganisms</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Traumatic peripheral nerve injuries tend to be more common in younger, working age populations an...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Traumatic peripheral nerve injuries tend to be more common in younger, working age populations and can lead to long-lasting disability. Peripheral nerves have an impressive capacity to regenerate; however, successful recovery after injury depends on a number of factors including the mechanism and severity of the trauma, the distance from injury to the reinnervation target, connective tissue sheath integrity, and delay between injury and treatment. Even though modern surgical procedures have greatly improved the success rate, many peripheral nerve injuries still culminate in persistent neuropathic pain and incomplete functional recovery. Recent studies in animals suggest that botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) can accelerate nerve regeneration and improve functional recovery after injury to peripheral nerves. Possible mechanisms of BoNT/A action include activation or proliferation of support cells (Schwann cells, mast cells, and macrophages), increased angiogenesis, and improvement of b...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e2299949b2e3af8dd9ebb2c812bc14c8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108412137,"asset_id":110665286,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108412137/download_file?st=MTczMzE5ODM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzE5ODM2Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110665286"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110665286"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665286; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665286]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665286]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665286; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110665286']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 110665286, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "e2299949b2e3af8dd9ebb2c812bc14c8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110665286]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110665286,"title":"Preclinical Evidence for the Role of Botulinum Neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) in the Treatment of Peripheral Nerve Injury","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Traumatic peripheral nerve injuries tend to be more common in younger, working age populations and can lead to long-lasting disability. Peripheral nerves have an impressive capacity to regenerate; however, successful recovery after injury depends on a number of factors including the mechanism and severity of the trauma, the distance from injury to the reinnervation target, connective tissue sheath integrity, and delay between injury and treatment. Even though modern surgical procedures have greatly improved the success rate, many peripheral nerve injuries still culminate in persistent neuropathic pain and incomplete functional recovery. Recent studies in animals suggest that botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) can accelerate nerve regeneration and improve functional recovery after injury to peripheral nerves. Possible mechanisms of BoNT/A action include activation or proliferation of support cells (Schwann cells, mast cells, and macrophages), increased angiogenesis, and improvement of b...","publisher":"MDPI AG","publication_name":"Microorganisms"},"translated_abstract":"Traumatic peripheral nerve injuries tend to be more common in younger, working age populations and can lead to long-lasting disability. Peripheral nerves have an impressive capacity to regenerate; however, successful recovery after injury depends on a number of factors including the mechanism and severity of the trauma, the distance from injury to the reinnervation target, connective tissue sheath integrity, and delay between injury and treatment. Even though modern surgical procedures have greatly improved the success rate, many peripheral nerve injuries still culminate in persistent neuropathic pain and incomplete functional recovery. Recent studies in animals suggest that botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) can accelerate nerve regeneration and improve functional recovery after injury to peripheral nerves. Possible mechanisms of BoNT/A action include activation or proliferation of support cells (Schwann cells, mast cells, and macrophages), increased angiogenesis, and improvement of b...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110665286/Preclinical_Evidence_for_the_Role_of_Botulinum_Neurotoxin_A_BoNT_A_in_the_Treatment_of_Peripheral_Nerve_Injury","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-12-05T14:03:56.847-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":269788713,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":108412137,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108412137/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108412137/download_file?st=MTczMzE5ODM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzE5ODM2Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Preclinical_Evidence_for_the_Role_of_Bot.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108412137/pdf-libre.pdf?1701814519=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPreclinical_Evidence_for_the_Role_of_Bot.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201962\u0026Signature=IJW2ATzjg7a9XvBQMAmFJJ1dfbf2xkC1BhvajTbH975JoHTCce~rdBxWIV08vW-3pklczlYysPKpxNimmh5ZJ3Ovkejfz-eFIyNhs20ZjRi~aR3hynYBHPfmOxIoIf~gJHjE-L-sV~xjphWzU6Bznj1Z95f-6FMEXguysve5Jz~wpwFu~mGcmW99-zIcLBFEt5tkYZWmxb2EBV41son-qB4FFTh2rek30GU~jTssozpzB-vhL-pUdSAoJsLHfFzDvIAPYbf~dYo7fWPZAAlrgTBQAQhBYPxobZMF7wSSZqQXQsvPPcuNfL-EHvEPSf2pTxcZhAujbOmynkOc2dpX4w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Preclinical_Evidence_for_the_Role_of_Botulinum_Neurotoxin_A_BoNT_A_in_the_Treatment_of_Peripheral_Nerve_Injury","translated_slug":"","page_count":23,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":269788713,"first_name":"Zygmunt","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Dembek","page_name":"ZDembek","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2023-05-15T08:15:28.794-07:00","display_name":"Zygmunt Dembek","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ZDembek"},"attachments":[{"id":108412137,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108412137/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108412137/download_file?st=MTczMzE5ODM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzE5ODM2Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Preclinical_Evidence_for_the_Role_of_Bot.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108412137/pdf-libre.pdf?1701814519=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPreclinical_Evidence_for_the_Role_of_Bot.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201962\u0026Signature=IJW2ATzjg7a9XvBQMAmFJJ1dfbf2xkC1BhvajTbH975JoHTCce~rdBxWIV08vW-3pklczlYysPKpxNimmh5ZJ3Ovkejfz-eFIyNhs20ZjRi~aR3hynYBHPfmOxIoIf~gJHjE-L-sV~xjphWzU6Bznj1Z95f-6FMEXguysve5Jz~wpwFu~mGcmW99-zIcLBFEt5tkYZWmxb2EBV41son-qB4FFTh2rek30GU~jTssozpzB-vhL-pUdSAoJsLHfFzDvIAPYbf~dYo7fWPZAAlrgTBQAQhBYPxobZMF7wSSZqQXQsvPPcuNfL-EHvEPSf2pTxcZhAujbOmynkOc2dpX4w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"},{"id":108412138,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108412138/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"pdf.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108412138/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Preclinical_Evidence_for_the_Role_of_Bot.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108412138/pdf-libre.pdf?1701814522=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPreclinical_Evidence_for_the_Role_of_Bot.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201962\u0026Signature=SpPPU8YAZ4cFIMpx~KRhzSnxvCPMVZSVanUUqP6~PCltDD5UKyLYXZNRP7KJFSsw2ban8Mxx82hoBktIzoBIRWahls3T5gH~Ko9VvE1h3VkbD~5Nm8HufQEMzqYVkaPMbDUZrIHsKl3oSXfS97TwVVwm6R5b7SdPbHUdTd811WU2jIQyVxKYg9Td~EMXIwKscHeuwetqngC~XukVWo7naIlBeUkdb2FzXsp9xaASrl2G~C1zw-k1LgsGS-SigXdgUP00E8NAwRPoqq-fwEwtg9K-RLTYhmZk8rWkyTEjEpApPQETfes92o90kB8odGn~IkVZ0kjw-7-JcwNJfafRsQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":38223,"name":"Peripheral Nerve Injury","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peripheral_Nerve_Injury"},{"id":129474,"name":"Connective tissue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Connective_tissue"},{"id":129739,"name":"Anesthesia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anesthesia"},{"id":230880,"name":"Reinnervation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reinnervation"},{"id":280134,"name":"Microorganisms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Microorganisms"},{"id":1250051,"name":"Peripheral","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peripheral"},{"id":1832813,"name":"Nerve Injury","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nerve_Injury"}],"urls":[{"id":36518799,"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/10/5/886/pdf"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110665282"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665282/Perfluoroalkyl_substances_exposure_and_immunity_allergic_response_infection_and_asthma_in_children_review_of_epidemiologic_studies"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Perfluoroalkyl substances exposure and immunity, allergic response, infection, and asthma in children: review of epidemiologic studies" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665282/Perfluoroalkyl_substances_exposure_and_immunity_allergic_response_infection_and_asthma_in_children_review_of_epidemiologic_studies">Perfluoroalkyl substances exposure and immunity, allergic response, infection, and asthma in children: review of epidemiologic studies</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Heliyon</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background Increased exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) potentially affects infant and ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background Increased exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) potentially affects infant and childhood health through immunosuppression. Given rapidly evolving research on PFAS, it is important to comprehensively examine the impact of PFAS exposure among the pediatric population as new research becomes available due to potential fragility of the developing immune system. Objectives This review assessed the effects of PFAS fetal, infant and childhood exposures upon the development of immune function during early life stages. Methods Researchers completed a literature review, searching PubMed for human studies published since 2010 for PFAS and health outcomes among infants and children. Included articles incorporated key search terms in the title or abstract; non-research reports and non-English papers were excluded. The search identified 518 studies for possible inclusion. Following hands-on review, 34 were determined relevant. Subsequent analyses found 8 additional relevant articles, totaling 42 studies. Results Major immune-related sequelae from PFAS exposures on infant and child health outcomes documented in recent literature include: • Strong indication of immunosuppression, with diminished childhood antibody response to vaccination, particularly with PFOA, PFOS and PFHxS exposures. • Some indication of increased risks of childhood infectious diseases/infections, particularly from PFOS exposures. • Limited indication of an effect of PFAS exposure on allergic reactions/allergen specific IgE antibodies. • Limited indication of an effect of PFAS exposure on atopic dermatitis (AD). • Limited indication of an effect of PFAS exposure on asthma and lung function. Conclusion This review summarizes recent findings of PFAS effects on infant and childhood immune health. Evidence of immunosuppression, diminished vaccine efficacy, and increased risk of infections, allergies, asthma and AD were described following in utero, infant, and early childhood PFAS exposures. Further investigation is warranted to characterize PFAS exposure pathways and potential modes of action in relation to PFAS effects on the developing immune system. Incontrovertible proof of PFAS immunotoxic effects could optimally be obtained by a large prospective study cohort of mothers and children from infancy through school-age. Regular assessments of circulating antibodies and response to infant and childhood vaccines during growth years could prove invaluable.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110665282"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110665282"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665282; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665282]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665282]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665282; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110665282']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 110665282, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110665282]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110665282,"title":"Perfluoroalkyl substances exposure and immunity, allergic response, infection, and asthma in children: review of epidemiologic studies","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Background Increased exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) potentially affects infant and childhood health through immunosuppression. Given rapidly evolving research on PFAS, it is important to comprehensively examine the impact of PFAS exposure among the pediatric population as new research becomes available due to potential fragility of the developing immune system. Objectives This review assessed the effects of PFAS fetal, infant and childhood exposures upon the development of immune function during early life stages. Methods Researchers completed a literature review, searching PubMed for human studies published since 2010 for PFAS and health outcomes among infants and children. Included articles incorporated key search terms in the title or abstract; non-research reports and non-English papers were excluded. The search identified 518 studies for possible inclusion. Following hands-on review, 34 were determined relevant. Subsequent analyses found 8 additional relevant articles, totaling 42 studies. Results Major immune-related sequelae from PFAS exposures on infant and child health outcomes documented in recent literature include: • Strong indication of immunosuppression, with diminished childhood antibody response to vaccination, particularly with PFOA, PFOS and PFHxS exposures. • Some indication of increased risks of childhood infectious diseases/infections, particularly from PFOS exposures. • Limited indication of an effect of PFAS exposure on allergic reactions/allergen specific IgE antibodies. • Limited indication of an effect of PFAS exposure on atopic dermatitis (AD). • Limited indication of an effect of PFAS exposure on asthma and lung function. Conclusion This review summarizes recent findings of PFAS effects on infant and childhood immune health. Evidence of immunosuppression, diminished vaccine efficacy, and increased risk of infections, allergies, asthma and AD were described following in utero, infant, and early childhood PFAS exposures. Further investigation is warranted to characterize PFAS exposure pathways and potential modes of action in relation to PFAS effects on the developing immune system. Incontrovertible proof of PFAS immunotoxic effects could optimally be obtained by a large prospective study cohort of mothers and children from infancy through school-age. Regular assessments of circulating antibodies and response to infant and childhood vaccines during growth years could prove invaluable.","publisher":"Elsevier BV","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2021,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Heliyon"},"translated_abstract":"Background Increased exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) potentially affects infant and childhood health through immunosuppression. Given rapidly evolving research on PFAS, it is important to comprehensively examine the impact of PFAS exposure among the pediatric population as new research becomes available due to potential fragility of the developing immune system. Objectives This review assessed the effects of PFAS fetal, infant and childhood exposures upon the development of immune function during early life stages. Methods Researchers completed a literature review, searching PubMed for human studies published since 2010 for PFAS and health outcomes among infants and children. Included articles incorporated key search terms in the title or abstract; non-research reports and non-English papers were excluded. The search identified 518 studies for possible inclusion. Following hands-on review, 34 were determined relevant. Subsequent analyses found 8 additional relevant articles, totaling 42 studies. Results Major immune-related sequelae from PFAS exposures on infant and child health outcomes documented in recent literature include: • Strong indication of immunosuppression, with diminished childhood antibody response to vaccination, particularly with PFOA, PFOS and PFHxS exposures. • Some indication of increased risks of childhood infectious diseases/infections, particularly from PFOS exposures. • Limited indication of an effect of PFAS exposure on allergic reactions/allergen specific IgE antibodies. • Limited indication of an effect of PFAS exposure on atopic dermatitis (AD). • Limited indication of an effect of PFAS exposure on asthma and lung function. Conclusion This review summarizes recent findings of PFAS effects on infant and childhood immune health. Evidence of immunosuppression, diminished vaccine efficacy, and increased risk of infections, allergies, asthma and AD were described following in utero, infant, and early childhood PFAS exposures. Further investigation is warranted to characterize PFAS exposure pathways and potential modes of action in relation to PFAS effects on the developing immune system. Incontrovertible proof of PFAS immunotoxic effects could optimally be obtained by a large prospective study cohort of mothers and children from infancy through school-age. Regular assessments of circulating antibodies and response to infant and childhood vaccines during growth years could prove invaluable.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110665282/Perfluoroalkyl_substances_exposure_and_immunity_allergic_response_infection_and_asthma_in_children_review_of_epidemiologic_studies","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-12-05T14:03:55.130-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":269788713,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Perfluoroalkyl_substances_exposure_and_immunity_allergic_response_infection_and_asthma_in_children_review_of_epidemiologic_studies","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":269788713,"first_name":"Zygmunt","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Dembek","page_name":"ZDembek","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2023-05-15T08:15:28.794-07:00","display_name":"Zygmunt Dembek","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ZDembek"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":1290,"name":"Immunology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunology"},{"id":9968,"name":"Asthma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asthma"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":62896,"name":"Allergy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Allergy"},{"id":118540,"name":"Immunosuppression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immunosuppression"}],"urls":[{"id":36518794,"url":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S2405844021022635?httpAccept=text/xml"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110665278"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665278/Detection_and_Reporting_of_Organisms_Producing_Extended_Spectrum_%CE%B2_Lactamases_Survey_of_Laboratories_in_Connecticut"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Detection and Reporting of Organisms Producing Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases: Survey of Laboratories in Connecticut" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108412238/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665278/Detection_and_Reporting_of_Organisms_Producing_Extended_Spectrum_%CE%B2_Lactamases_Survey_of_Laboratories_in_Connecticut">Detection and Reporting of Organisms Producing Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases: Survey of Laboratories in Connecticut</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Clinical Microbiology</span><span>, 1999</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes produced in some gram-negative bacilli that me...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes produced in some gram-negative bacilli that mediate resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam. They are most common in Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia coli but are present in a variety of Enterobacteriaceae . Resistance mediated by these enzymes can be difficult to detect depending on the antimicrobial agents tested. AmpC β-lactamases are related to the chromosomal enzymes of Enterobacter and Citrobacter spp. and also mediate resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam in addition to cephamycins, such as cefoxitin. Unlike ESBLs, however, AmpC β-lactamases are not inhibited by clavulanic acid or other similar compounds. To assess the abilities of various antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods to detect ESBLs, we sent three ESBL-producing organisms, one AmpC-producing organism, and a control strain that was susceptible to extended-spectrum cephalosporins to 38 laboratories in Connecticut for t...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c70fdab8a9ce9f7be08a7ef11356c6f0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108412238,"asset_id":110665278,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108412238/download_file?st=MTczMzE5ODM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzE5ODM2Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110665278"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110665278"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665278; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665278]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665278]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665278; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110665278']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 110665278, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c70fdab8a9ce9f7be08a7ef11356c6f0" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110665278]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110665278,"title":"Detection and Reporting of Organisms Producing Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases: Survey of Laboratories in Connecticut","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes produced in some gram-negative bacilli that mediate resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam. They are most common in Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia coli but are present in a variety of Enterobacteriaceae . Resistance mediated by these enzymes can be difficult to detect depending on the antimicrobial agents tested. AmpC β-lactamases are related to the chromosomal enzymes of Enterobacter and Citrobacter spp. and also mediate resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam in addition to cephamycins, such as cefoxitin. Unlike ESBLs, however, AmpC β-lactamases are not inhibited by clavulanic acid or other similar compounds. To assess the abilities of various antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods to detect ESBLs, we sent three ESBL-producing organisms, one AmpC-producing organism, and a control strain that was susceptible to extended-spectrum cephalosporins to 38 laboratories in Connecticut for t...","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1999,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Clinical Microbiology"},"translated_abstract":"Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes produced in some gram-negative bacilli that mediate resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam. They are most common in Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia coli but are present in a variety of Enterobacteriaceae . Resistance mediated by these enzymes can be difficult to detect depending on the antimicrobial agents tested. AmpC β-lactamases are related to the chromosomal enzymes of Enterobacter and Citrobacter spp. and also mediate resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam in addition to cephamycins, such as cefoxitin. Unlike ESBLs, however, AmpC β-lactamases are not inhibited by clavulanic acid or other similar compounds. To assess the abilities of various antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods to detect ESBLs, we sent three ESBL-producing organisms, one AmpC-producing organism, and a control strain that was susceptible to extended-spectrum cephalosporins to 38 laboratories in Connecticut for 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class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Military Medicine</span><span>, 2017</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c455fcbd87f55c089e155beb7dc7ac34" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108412210,"asset_id":110665272,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108412210/download_file?st=MTczMzE5ODM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzE5ODM2Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110665272"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa 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The Defense Threat Reduction Agency's Technical Reachback provided near real-time analysis and recommendations as outbreak-relevant events unfolded. Our review of often-conflicting or incomplete information was required to answer policy decision makers about the expanding Ebola epidemic, and enable the formulation of best-possible U.S. Department of Defense and Government response. Challenging questions often did not have obvious information available from which to provide a definitive answer. Nevertheless, through use of best-practice science and medicine, we provided timely and scientifically accurate weekly review for decision makers. Our comprehensive analyses included the nature of the outbreak, its global and national impact, contributing factors to this and future Ebola outbreaks, the U.S. Government and international response, and continuing interventions. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110665248"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665248/Guidelines_for_constructing_a_statewide_hospital_syndromic_surveillance_network"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Guidelines for constructing a statewide hospital syndromic surveillance network" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665248/Guidelines_for_constructing_a_statewide_hospital_syndromic_surveillance_network">Guidelines for constructing a statewide hospital syndromic surveillance network</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report</span><span>, Jan 26, 2005</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The process to initiate a comprehensive and inexpensive statewide hospital emergency department-b...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The process to initiate a comprehensive and inexpensive statewide hospital emergency department-based syndromic surveillance system (HEDSS) in Connecticut can serve as a template for others. With limited financial resources, the Connecticut Department of Public Health (CDPH) determined the requirements necessary to establish and routinely conduct hospital emergency department (HED)-based syndromic surveillance. A statewide survey assessed ability and willingness of Connecticut hospitals to participate in HED syndromic surveillance. The New York City HED-based system protocol and analysis programs, available without financial charge, were modified for use in Connecticut. This system is based on hospitals sending daily standardized files of chief complaint data through encrypted e-mail or an FTP protocol to CDPH with subsequent categorization into syndromes using a SAS program. Anticipating regional surveillance needs during the Republican National Convention in New York City (RNC), C...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110665248"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110665248"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665248; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665248]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665248]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665248; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110665248']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 110665248, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110665248]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110665248,"title":"Guidelines for constructing a statewide hospital syndromic surveillance network","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The process to initiate a comprehensive and inexpensive statewide hospital emergency department-based syndromic surveillance system (HEDSS) in Connecticut can serve as a template for others. 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Entitled &quot;The Public Health Response to Bioterrorism,&quot; this popular course was one of the few developed by academic programs in the United States prior to the attack of September 11, 2001. The course utilizes innovative teaching methods and presentations by distinguished guest speakers to educate public health personnel, public health and medical students, and physicians and nurses about the complex issues involved in the public health response to bioterrorism. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110665229"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665229/Kinetic_and_Reaction_Pathway_Analysis_in_the_Application_of_Botulinum_Toxin_A_for_Wound_Healing"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Kinetic and Reaction Pathway Analysis in the Application of Botulinum Toxin A for Wound Healing" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108412118/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665229/Kinetic_and_Reaction_Pathway_Analysis_in_the_Application_of_Botulinum_Toxin_A_for_Wound_Healing">Kinetic and Reaction Pathway Analysis in the Application of Botulinum Toxin A for Wound Healing</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Toxicology</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A relatively new approach in the treatment of specific wounds in animal models and in patients wi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A relatively new approach in the treatment of specific wounds in animal models and in patients with type A botulinum toxin is the focus of this paper. The indications or conditions include traumatic wounds (experimental and clinical), surgical (incision) wounds, and wounds such as fissures and ulcers that are signs/symptoms of disease or other processes. An objective was to conduct systematic literature searches and take note of the reactions involved in the healing process and identify corresponding pharmacokinetic data. From several case reports, we developed a qualitative model of how botulinum toxin disrupts the vicious cycle of muscle spasm, pain, inflammation, decreased blood flow, and ischemia. We transformed this model into a minimal kinetic scheme for healing chronic wounds. The model helped us to estimate the rate of decline of this toxin&#39;s therapeutic effect by calculating the rate of recurrence of clinical symptoms after a wound-healing treatment with this neurotoxin.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="da138f48515e534e88a84c52905c1928" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108412118,"asset_id":110665229,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108412118/download_file?st=MTczMzE5ODM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzE5ODM2Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110665229"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110665229"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665229; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665229]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665229]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665229; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110665229']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 110665229, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "da138f48515e534e88a84c52905c1928" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110665229]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110665229,"title":"Kinetic and Reaction Pathway Analysis in the Application of Botulinum Toxin A for Wound Healing","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"A relatively new approach in the treatment of specific wounds in animal models and in patients with type A botulinum toxin is the focus of this paper. The indications or conditions include traumatic wounds (experimental and clinical), surgical (incision) wounds, and wounds such as fissures and ulcers that are signs/symptoms of disease or other processes. An objective was to conduct systematic literature searches and take note of the reactions involved in the healing process and identify corresponding pharmacokinetic data. From several case reports, we developed a qualitative model of how botulinum toxin disrupts the vicious cycle of muscle spasm, pain, inflammation, decreased blood flow, and ischemia. We transformed this model into a minimal kinetic scheme for healing chronic wounds. The model helped us to estimate the rate of decline of this toxin\u0026#39;s therapeutic effect by calculating the rate of recurrence of clinical symptoms after a wound-healing treatment with this neurotoxin.","publisher":"Hindawi Limited","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2012,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Toxicology"},"translated_abstract":"A relatively new approach in the treatment of specific wounds in animal models and in patients with type A botulinum toxin is the focus of this paper. The indications or conditions include traumatic wounds (experimental and clinical), surgical (incision) wounds, and wounds such as fissures and ulcers that are signs/symptoms of disease or other processes. An objective was to conduct systematic literature searches and take note of the reactions involved in the healing process and identify corresponding pharmacokinetic data. From several case reports, we developed a qualitative model of how botulinum toxin disrupts the vicious cycle of muscle spasm, pain, inflammation, decreased blood flow, and ischemia. We transformed this model into a minimal kinetic scheme for healing chronic wounds. 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"profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110665216"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665216/The_History_and_Threat_of_Biological_Weapons_and_Bioterrorism"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The History and Threat of Biological Weapons and Bioterrorism" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665216/The_History_and_Threat_of_Biological_Weapons_and_Bioterrorism">The History and Threat of Biological Weapons and Bioterrorism</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Hospital Preparation for Bioterror</span><span>, 2006</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the history and threats posed by biological weapons and ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the history and threats posed by biological weapons and bioterrorism. In the past, recognition of the effect of infectious diseases on populations resulted in the use of infected individuals, toxins, human waste, cadavers, and animal carcasses as weapons against armies. Toxic arrows were commonly used as weapons in ancient civilizations. Among the arrow poisons used were snake toxins, scorpion venom, and various plant toxins. During World War II, Russian scientists isolated aconitine to create poison bullets, which were used as assassination weapons. A recent bioterrorism incident was in 1991, when a right-wing extremist group, the Minnesota Patriots Council, produced a small quantity of ricin toxin from castor beans. They planned to use a mixture of ricin and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), hoping that the DMSO would transport the ricin. Various countries with records of supporting terrorist organizations are believed to have biological-weapons programs. Some of these countries include Cuba, Iran, Iraq, Libya, North Korea, and Syria.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110665216"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110665216"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665216; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665216]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665216]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665216; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110665216']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 110665216, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110665216]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110665216,"title":"The History and Threat of Biological Weapons and Bioterrorism","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the history and threats posed by biological weapons and bioterrorism. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110665212"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665212/Terrorism_101"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Terrorism 101" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665212/Terrorism_101">Terrorism 101</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Conflict and Catastrophe Medicine</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110665212"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110665212"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665212; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110665202"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665202/Botulism_cause_effects_diagnosis_clinical_and_laboratory_identification_and_treatment_modalities"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Botulism: cause, effects, diagnosis, clinical and laboratory identification, and treatment modalities" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665202/Botulism_cause_effects_diagnosis_clinical_and_laboratory_identification_and_treatment_modalities">Botulism: cause, effects, diagnosis, clinical and laboratory identification, and treatment modalities</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Disaster medicine and public health preparedness</span><span>, 2007</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Botulism is a neuroparalytic disease caused by neurotoxins produced by the bacteria Clostridium b...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Botulism is a neuroparalytic disease caused by neurotoxins produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum. Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are among the most potent naturally occurring toxins and are a category A biological threat agent. The 7 toxin serotypes of BoNTs (serotypes A-G) have different toxicities, act through 3 different intracellular protein targets, and exhibit different durations of effect. Botulism may follow ingestion of food contaminated with BoNT, from toxin production of C botulinum present in the intestine or wounds, or from inhalation of aerosolized toxin. Intoxication classically presents as an acute, symmetrical, descending flaccid paralysis. Early diagnosis is important because antitoxin therapy is most effective when administered early. Confirmatory testing of botulism with BoNT assays or C botulinum cultures is time-consuming, and may be insensitive in the diagnosis of inhalational botulism and in as many as 32% of food-borne botulism cases. Therefore, the ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110665202"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110665202"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665202; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665202]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665202]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665202; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110665202']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 110665202, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110665202]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110665202,"title":"Botulism: cause, effects, diagnosis, clinical and laboratory identification, and treatment modalities","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Botulism is a neuroparalytic disease caused by neurotoxins produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110665197"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665197/Advances_in_Development_of_Countermeasures_for_Potential_Biothreat_Agents"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Advances in Development of Countermeasures for Potential Biothreat Agents" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108412190/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665197/Advances_in_Development_of_Countermeasures_for_Potential_Biothreat_Agents">Advances in Development of Countermeasures for Potential Biothreat Agents</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Advances in Preventive Medicine</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="15795877aa60085590a40f8d35ba97bd" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108412190,"asset_id":110665197,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108412190/download_file?st=MTczMzE5ODM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzE5ODM2Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110665197"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110665197"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665197; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="110665191"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665191/Tularemia_Francisella_tularensis_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Tularemia ( Francisella tularensis )" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/110665191/Tularemia_Francisella_tularensis_">Tularemia ( Francisella tularensis )</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Encyclopedia of Bioterrorism Defense</span><span>, 2005</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Tularemia is a zoonosis, a disease of animals transmissible to humans, and is caused by the facul...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Tularemia is a zoonosis, a disease of animals transmissible to humans, and is caused by the facultative intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis. F. tularensis is considered a potential agent of biological warfare and bioterrorism and as such has been rated among the top 6 category A agents. Formerly, F. tularensis was included among agents developed and used by state-sponsored bioweapons programs. In fact, F. tularensis is one of the most infectious pathogenic bacteria known, requiring inoculation or inhalation of as few as 10 organisms to cause human infection. At present there are four recognized subspecies of F. tularensis: tularensis, holarctica, mediasiatica, and novicida. The natural reservoirs of F. tularensis still await complete delineation. Little is known about the virulence mechanisms of F. tularensis. In a bioterrorism scenario, respiratory tularemia (acquired through inhalation) is judged to be the greatest threat. Natural outbreaks of human respiratory type A or type B tularemia have repeatedly been recorded in farmers and landscape workers illustrating the potential of effective F. tularensis transmission by dry aerosols. The clinical expression of tularemia largely depends on the route of entrance of the infectious agent and the prognosis in tularemia is highly dependent on the causative subspecies of F. tularensis. There is currently no licensed and widely available tularemia vaccine. Tularemia warrants antibiotic treatment and is not transmitted from person to person. Currently, there is a reawakened interest in tularemia and a rapid development of new diagnostics, prophylactics and therapies. Keywords: biological weapon; bioterrorism; category A agent; deerfly fever; Francisella tularensis; hare fever; holarctica; lemming fever; mediasiatica; novicida; O&#39;Hara&#39;s disease; rabbit fever; tularemia; zoonotic</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110665191"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110665191"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665191; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665191]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665191]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665191; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110665191']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 110665191, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110665191]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110665191,"title":"Tularemia ( Francisella tularensis )","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Tularemia is a zoonosis, a disease of animals transmissible to humans, and is caused by the facultative intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis. 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Natural outbreaks of human respiratory type A or type B tularemia have repeatedly been recorded in farmers and landscape workers illustrating the potential of effective F. tularensis transmission by dry aerosols. The clinical expression of tularemia largely depends on the route of entrance of the infectious agent and the prognosis in tularemia is highly dependent on the causative subspecies of F. tularensis. There is currently no licensed and widely available tularemia vaccine. Tularemia warrants antibiotic treatment and is not transmitted from person to person. Currently, there is a reawakened interest in tularemia and a rapid development of new diagnostics, prophylactics and therapies. Keywords: biological weapon; bioterrorism; category A agent; deerfly fever; Francisella tularensis; hare fever; holarctica; lemming fever; mediasiatica; novicida; O\u0026#39;Hara\u0026#39;s disease; rabbit fever; tularemia; zoonotic","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2005,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Encyclopedia of Bioterrorism Defense"},"translated_abstract":"Tularemia is a zoonosis, a disease of animals transmissible to humans, and is caused by the facultative intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis. F. tularensis is considered a potential agent of biological warfare and bioterrorism and as such has been rated among the top 6 category A agents. Formerly, F. tularensis was included among agents developed and used by state-sponsored bioweapons programs. In fact, F. tularensis is one of the most infectious pathogenic bacteria known, requiring inoculation or inhalation of as few as 10 organisms to cause human infection. 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Currently, there is a reawakened interest in tularemia and a rapid development of new diagnostics, prophylactics and therapies. 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The four wells which supply these mitigation systems vary in radon content from an arithmetic mean of 43,894 pCi/L to 457,807 pCi/L. The diffused bubble aerator with water softener provided the most successful mitigation with 99.9% radon removal efficiency, while the spray and diffused aerator tank with charcoal filter tank produced the least successful radon removal efficiency at 77.7%. Various problems observed of these radon-in-water mitigation systems are documented. The implications of these findings are discussed, as well as mitigation effects upon naturally occurring radium and uranium.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="608331185bb6ea0633c77dc6e8d4aa90" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":108412185,"asset_id":110665184,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108412185/download_file?st=MTczMzE5ODM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzE5ODM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="110665184"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="110665184"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665184; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665184]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=110665184]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 110665184; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='110665184']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 110665184, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "608331185bb6ea0633c77dc6e8d4aa90" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=110665184]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":110665184,"title":"A Comparison of Radon-In-Water Mitigation Systems","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The results of a one to four year comparison study are presented for different design types of radon-in-water mitigation systems: diffused bubble aerator with and without water softener, shallow tray aerator with water softener, and spray and diffused aerator tank with charcoal tank. The four wells which supply these mitigation systems vary in radon content from an arithmetic mean of 43,894 pCi/L to 457,807 pCi/L. The diffused bubble aerator with water softener provided the most successful mitigation with 99.9% radon removal efficiency, while the spray and diffused aerator tank with charcoal filter tank produced the least successful radon removal efficiency at 77.7%. Various problems observed of these radon-in-water mitigation systems are documented. The implications of these findings are discussed, as well as mitigation effects upon naturally occurring radium and uranium."},"translated_abstract":"The results of a one to four year comparison study are presented for different design types of radon-in-water mitigation systems: diffused bubble aerator with and without water softener, shallow tray aerator with water softener, and spray and diffused aerator tank with charcoal tank. The four wells which supply these mitigation systems vary in radon content from an arithmetic mean of 43,894 pCi/L to 457,807 pCi/L. The diffused bubble aerator with water softener provided the most successful mitigation with 99.9% radon removal efficiency, while the spray and diffused aerator tank with charcoal filter tank produced the least successful radon removal efficiency at 77.7%. Various problems observed of these radon-in-water mitigation systems are documented. The implications of these findings are discussed, as well as mitigation effects upon naturally occurring radium and uranium.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110665184/A_Comparison_of_Radon_In_Water_Mitigation_Systems","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-12-05T14:03:30.649-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":269788713,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":108412185,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108412185/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1993_41_Comparison_of_Radon-In-Water_Mitigation_Systems.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108412185/download_file?st=MTczMzE5ODM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzE5ODM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"A_Comparison_of_Radon_In_Water_Mitigatio.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108412185/1993_41_Comparison_of_Radon-In-Water_Mitigation_Systems-libre.pdf?1701814512=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_Comparison_of_Radon_In_Water_Mitigatio.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201963\u0026Signature=CbodAuTw1uZEcVXcek1yB1TFsuQ5sSsFKldB9woccU0~KLLueRpoWFbuZEbw6rk63lfbGduLMyi9Yy9Tdr0AVwTJNv0fwOK-TlT2MUq-4sgC6aTxyJZ2GsGWG~-3c96FJAlxxMoRk~tsiZXUxJBt~f7TIDXwxDoKXkBo2GzF6c3pg3oEjDp8YNH1~q-L8FjgUh8iw0GpRo~KHv4SXrB4YUiwyngP6MlZ0qIZGJYFCoUF4lBHvwgG8oQP1jeSoHHoT8b9sl~sdIoi~ZBGgtgrdmDHBy4GScX8c73ugBTwPng4sikD31gFi895Hl8weV258gYUkRzS~KigknuvrmTJVw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"A_Comparison_of_Radon_In_Water_Mitigation_Systems","translated_slug":"","page_count":8,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":269788713,"first_name":"Zygmunt","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Dembek","page_name":"ZDembek","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2023-05-15T08:15:28.794-07:00","display_name":"Zygmunt Dembek","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ZDembek"},"attachments":[{"id":108412185,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/108412185/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"1993_41_Comparison_of_Radon-In-Water_Mitigation_Systems.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/108412185/download_file?st=MTczMzE5ODM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzE5ODM2Myw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"A_Comparison_of_Radon_In_Water_Mitigatio.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/108412185/1993_41_Comparison_of_Radon-In-Water_Mitigation_Systems-libre.pdf?1701814512=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_Comparison_of_Radon_In_Water_Mitigatio.pdf\u0026Expires=1733201963\u0026Signature=CbodAuTw1uZEcVXcek1yB1TFsuQ5sSsFKldB9woccU0~KLLueRpoWFbuZEbw6rk63lfbGduLMyi9Yy9Tdr0AVwTJNv0fwOK-TlT2MUq-4sgC6aTxyJZ2GsGWG~-3c96FJAlxxMoRk~tsiZXUxJBt~f7TIDXwxDoKXkBo2GzF6c3pg3oEjDp8YNH1~q-L8FjgUh8iw0GpRo~KHv4SXrB4YUiwyngP6MlZ0qIZGJYFCoUF4lBHvwgG8oQP1jeSoHHoT8b9sl~sdIoi~ZBGgtgrdmDHBy4GScX8c73ugBTwPng4sikD31gFi895Hl8weV258gYUkRzS~KigknuvrmTJVw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":48,"name":"Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Engineering"},{"id":55,"name":"Environmental Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering"},{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science"},{"id":225942,"name":"Radon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radon"},{"id":803011,"name":"Aeration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aeration"},{"id":978631,"name":"Radium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radium"},{"id":2534770,"name":"Arithmetic mean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arithmetic_mean"},{"id":2633577,"name":"Removal Efficiency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Removal_Efficiency"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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To thi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Obtaining accurate baseline data is essential in setting practical numerical target goals. 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