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href="" aria-label="go to Next result set">Next</a></li></ul></nav></div><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/8mt4m6nd"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Depression, family interaction and family intervention in adolescents at clinical-high risk for psychosis.</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ARinne%2C%20Gabrielle">Rinne, Gabrielle</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AOBrien%2C%20Mary">OBrien, Mary</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMiklowitz%2C%20David">Miklowitz, David</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAddington%2C%20Jean">Addington, Jean</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACannon%2C%20Tyrone">Cannon, Tyrone</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucla_postprints">UCLA Previously Published Works</a> (2021)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup">AIM: The relationship between family behaviour and depression in adolescents at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis remains understudied despite high rates of depression in this population. This study examines the relationship between family problem-solving behaviours and depression in CHR adolescents and the impact of family interventions targeting subthreshold symptoms of psychosis on reducing symptoms of depression over 2-years. METHODS: Participants were a subset of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study who were randomized to 6-months of family focused therapy for individuals at CHR or family psychoeducational treatment. We evaluated the relationship between communication during family conflict discussion and adolescents symptoms of depression before treatment. At follow-up assessments the family treatment groups were compared on depression. Finally, we compared those in family treatment with matched controls. RESULTS: Adolescents constructive communication was associated with less severe symptoms of depression before treatment. Symptoms of depression improved for adolescents in both family treatment groups. However, there were no significant group by treatment interactions. When adolescents who participated in either type of family intervention were compared to CHR adolescent controls, symptoms of depression improved for adolescents in treatment and control groups, but there were no significant time by treatment interactions. CONCLUSIONS: The communication skills of CHR adolescents are related to both depression and their parents communication skills pre-treatment. However, reductions in depression over the course of the treatment trial cannot be attributed to family treatment. It is imperative to incorporate interventions that directly target depression into future family treatment studies.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/8mt4m6nd"><img src="/cms-assets/b7ec1383b38e31acd4222ccde84f45b0fdaa7c74c2acb4fb2db07a35c9900652" alt="Cover page: Depression, family interaction and family intervention in adolescents at clinical-high risk for psychosis."/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/7kp468h0"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Cognitive-Behavioral Social Skills Training: Outcome of a Randomized Controlled Trial for Youth at Risk of Psychosis.</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACornblatt%2C%20Barbara">Cornblatt, Barbara</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AHolden%2C%20Jason">Holden, Jason</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AGranholm%2C%20Eric">Granholm, Eric</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAddington%2C%20Jean">Addington, Jean</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ALiu%2C%20Lu">Liu, Lu</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABraun%2C%20Amy">Braun, Amy</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABrummitt%2C%20Kali">Brummitt, Kali</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACadenhead%2C%20Kristin">Cadenhead, Kristin</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucsd_postprints">UC San Diego Previously Published Works</a> (2023)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup">AIM: Difficulties in social functioning have been observed in youth at clinical high-risk (CHR) of psychosis even in those who do not go on to develop a psychotic illness. Few treatment studies have attempted to improve social functioning in this population. The aim of this study was to conduct a randomized trial comparing the effects of Cognitive-Behavioral Social Skills Training (CBSST) with a supportive therapy (ST). METHODS: Both CBSST and ST were weekly group therapies, delivered over 18 weeks. This was a 2-arm trial with single-blinded ratings and intention-to-treat analyses. Assessments occurred at baseline, end-of-treatment, and 12 months after the baseline assessment. The primary outcome was social and role functioning and defeatist performance attitudes were the secondary outcome. Attenuated positive and negative symptoms, anxiety, depression, self-efficacy, and beliefs about self and others were examined as exploratory outcomes. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the 2 groups at baseline or either of the 2 follow-ups. However, at follow-ups, in each group there were significant improvements in clinical symptoms. These could not be attributed to group treatment since there was no control or wait-list group. CONCLUSIONS: Since poor social functioning is one of the most observed difficulties in CHR individuals, and a decline in social functioning may be a significant predictor of later transition to psychosis, future work will be needed to find effective treatments for this decline in functioning for CHR youth.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/7kp468h0"><img src="/cms-assets/2e89a78009d186425611d3cb86a26e58ae7b30acf423bb295f2303a903743f3b" alt="Cover page: Cognitive-Behavioral Social Skills Training: Outcome of a Randomized Controlled Trial for Youth at Risk of Psychosis."/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/23r3p0mp"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Cognitive-Behavioural Social Skills Training: Mediation of Treatment Outcomes in a Randomized Controlled Trial for Youth at Risk of Psychosis: Lentraînement aux compétences sociales cognitivo-comportementales : variables médiatrices des résultats thérapeutiques dans le cadre dun essai clinique randomisé pour les jeunes présentant un risque de psychose.</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ADevoe%2C%20Daniel">Devoe, Daniel</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ALiu%2C%20Lu">Liu, Lu</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABraun%2C%20Amy">Braun, Amy</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACadenhead%2C%20Kristin">Cadenhead, Kristin</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACornblatt%2C%20Barbara">Cornblatt, Barbara</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AGranholm%2C%20Eric">Granholm, Eric</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAddington%2C%20Jean">Addington, Jean</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucsd_postprints">UC San Diego Previously Published Works</a> (2024)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup">OBJECTIVES: Currently, there are no effective treatments for functional outcomes (i.e., role and social) and negative symptoms for youth at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis. Investigations into possible mechanisms that may contribute to the improvement of functioning and negative symptoms are needed in CHR research to help inform psychosocial treatments. The present study examined whether functioning and negative symptoms were mediated by asocial beliefs, defeatist beliefs, self-efficacy, maladaptive schemas, anxiety, depression, social cognition, or attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS) in a large clinical trial. METHODS: CHR participants (n = 203; 104 females; 99 males) were recruited as part of a three-site randomized control trial comparing group cognitive-behavioural social skills training (CBSST) versus a supportive therapy group. Mediation analyses were conducted to test the relationships between treatment group, mediators (asocial beliefs, defeatist beliefs, self-efficacy, maladaptive schemas, anxiety, depression, social cognition, and APS), and outcome (social and role functioning, and negative symptoms). The mediation analyses employed conditional process path analysis via ordinary least squares regression. RESULTS: At the end of treatment, but not 12-month follow-up, more severe APS were found to mediate the impact of treatment on negative symptoms, and social and role functioning. The greater the severity of APS, the less likely that CBSST would result in improvement in negative symptoms and social and role functioning. Many of the other variables showed significant associations with social (less for role) functioning and negative symptoms but did not mediate the effect of treatment on these outcomes at the end of treatment or 12-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant mediators except for APS at the end of treatment. Since more severe APS may result in participants being unable to fully participate in therapy and thus limit their gains, clinical implications may include offering some individual therapy to prepare these young people to benefit from the group treatment.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/23r3p0mp"><img src="/cms-assets/52266e39e5452cd26b38f15e1699fc684261f517c5c5ccc1b61249127d187299" alt="Cover page: Cognitive-Behavioural Social Skills Training: Mediation of Treatment Outcomes in a Randomized Controlled Trial for Youth at Risk of Psychosis: Lentraînement aux compétences sociales cognitivo-comportementales : variables médiatrices des résultats thérapeutiques dans le cadre dun essai clinique randomisé pour les jeunes présentant un risque de psychose."/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/5mq008b3"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Family communication and the efficacy of family focused therapy in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis with comorbid anxiety</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACannon%2C%20Arianna%20C%20O'Brien">Cannon, Arianna C O'Brien</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACaporino%2C%20Nicole%20E">Caporino, Nicole E</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AO'Brien%2C%20Mary%20P">O'Brien, Mary P</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMiklowitz%2C%20David%20J">Miklowitz, David J</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAddington%2C%20Jean%20M">Addington, Jean M</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACannon%2C%20Tyrone%20D">Cannon, Tyrone D</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucla_postprints">UCLA Previously Published Works</a> (2023)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup"><h3>Aim</h3>Comorbid anxiety disorder is related to greater illness severity among individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis, but its potential role in moderating response to Family Focused Therapy (FFT) for CHR is unexamined. We investigated whether comorbid anxiety disorder in CHR individuals is associated with less constructive communication during family problem-solving interactions, whether their communication skills differentially improve after FFT, and whether FFT is effective in reducing anxiety in this population.<h3>Methods</h3>Individuals recruited into the second phase of the 8-site North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS2) participated (N = 129). They were randomly assigned to 18-sessions of FFT-CHR or three-sessions of Enhanced Care (EC). Participants completed a diagnostic interview at pre-treatment, a family interaction task at pre-treatment and 6-months, and a self-report anxiety measure at pretreatment, 6 and 12-months.<h3>Results</h3>Individuals at CHR with comorbid anxiety engaged in more negative and fewer positive behaviours during family problem-solving interactions at pre-treatment than did those without comorbid anxiety. There was a significant interaction between anxiety diagnosis and time on interactional behaviour scores, such that individuals at CHR with an anxiety diagnosis showed a greater decrease in negative behaviours and increase in positive behaviours from baseline to 6-months than those without anxiety disorder(s) regardless of treatment condition. However, individuals' self-reported anxiety symptoms decreased more in FFT-CHR than in EC from pre-treatment to 12-month follow-up, regardless of anxiety diagnoses.<h3>Conclusions</h3>Individuals at CHR with symptoms of anxiety benefit from family interventions in showing reductions in anxiety and improvements in family communication.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/5mq008b3"><img src="/cms-assets/97077e0e45bb44a012861f614c46d30ccce3d27b93b3879a5c4226fc9492639a" alt="Cover page: Family communication and the efficacy of family focused therapy in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis with comorbid anxiety"/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/85g271k0"><div class="c-clientmarkup">39.1 DNA METHYLATION OF IMMUNE CELLS IN PERSONS AT CLINICAL HIGH RISK FOR PSYCHOSIS</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3APerkins%2C%20Diana">Perkins, Diana</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AClark%2C%20Jeffries">Clark, Jeffries</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAddington%2C%20Jean">Addington, Jean</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABeardon%2C%20Carrie">Beardon, Carrie</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACadenhead%2C%20Kristin">Cadenhead, Kristin</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACannon%2C%20Tyrone">Cannon, Tyrone</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACornblatt%2C%20Barbara">Cornblatt, Barbara</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMathalon%2C%20Daniel">Mathalon, Daniel</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMcGlashan%2C%20Thomas">McGlashan, Thomas</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASeidman%2C%20Larry">Seidman, Larry</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ATsuang%2C%20Ming">Tsuang, Ming</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWalker%2C%20Elaine">Walker, Elaine</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWoods%2C%20Scott">Woods, Scott</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucsd_postprints">UC San Diego Previously Published Works</a> (2018)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Abstract <h3>Background</h3> A dysregulated immune system is implicated in the development of psychotic disorders. Persons with schizophrenia have altered levels of circulating immune cell signaling molecules (cytokines), and elevation of specific cytokines predict conversion to psychosis in persons at clinical high risk. Whether these peripheral signals are a causal or a secondary phenomenon is unclear. But, subpopulations of circulating immune cells do regulate the brain from meningeal and perivascular locations influencing cognition, mood, and behavior, and thus may be relevant to schizophrenia vulnerability. Hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow differentiate into cascading subtypes depending on signals from other organs, especially the brain. For example, a monocyte subpopulation emerges with repeated social defeat that establish the persistence of anxiety-like behaviors; blocking their release or inhibiting their attachment to brain vascular endothelium prevents the emergence of anxiety-like behaviors. In humans, a similar monocyte subpopulation is associated with social isolation and other adversities including low SES, chronic stress, and bereavement. <h3>Methods</h3> The North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS2) is an eight-site observational study of predictors and mechanisms of conversion to psychosis The full cohort includes 763 at clinical high risk (CHR) based on the Criteria of Prodromal State (COPS) and 279 demographically similar unaffected comparison (UC) subjects. Methylation of whole blood DNA collected in PAXgene tubes at baseline was analyzed with the Illumina 450k array in a subgroup of 59 subjects who converted to psychosis (CHR-C), 84 CHR subjects followed for 2 years who did not develop psychosis (CHR-NC) and 67 unaffected subjects (UC). Our analyses focused on methylation of promoter regions of genes, associated with gene expression. Classifier construction used Coarse Approximation Linear Function (CALF) with bootstrapping of 1000 random 80% subsets with replacement to determine statistical likelihood. <h3>Results</h3> We found highly overlapping sets of differentially methylated promoter regions in CHR-C subjects compared to CHR-NC and to UC subjects. A set of 10 markers correctly classified CHR-C and CHR-NC subjects with high accuracy (AUC=0.94, 95% CI 0.89–0.98). Included was SIRT1, a gene that is upregulated with HSV reactivation. <h3>Discussion</h3> Circulating immune cells excerpt powerful influences on mood, cognition and behavior. An obvious example is the experience of most human with “sickness syndrome”, characterized by apathy, avolition, and withdrawal, and triggered by immune-cell-released cytokines producing an adaptive, resource conserving, behavioral response. While at an early stage, our findings further implicate immune system dysregulation as a mechanism in the development of psychosis.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/85g271k0"><img src="/cms-assets/c1a89740f2be8244d329319dacf0a575e667c9389e3af373246e3e12cef8f5c8" alt="Cover page: 39.1 DNA METHYLATION OF IMMUNE CELLS IN PERSONS AT CLINICAL HIGH RISK FOR PSYCHOSIS"/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/5666t6qw"><div class="c-clientmarkup">SU127. Negative Symptoms in Youth at Clinical High Risk of Psychosis</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ADevoe%2C%20Daniel">Devoe, Daniel</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACadenhead%2C%20Kristen">Cadenhead, Kristen</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACannon%2C%20Tyrone">Cannon, Tyrone</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACornblatt%2C%20Barbara">Cornblatt, Barbara</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMcGlashan%2C%20Tom">McGlashan, Tom</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APerkins%2C%20Diana">Perkins, Diana</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASeidman%2C%20Larry%20J">Seidman, Larry J</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ATsuang%2C%20Ming">Tsuang, Ming</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWalker%2C%20Elaine">Walker, Elaine</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWoods%2C%20Scott">Woods, Scott</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABearden%2C%20Carrie">Bearden, Carrie</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMathalon%2C%20Daniel">Mathalon, Daniel</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAddington%2C%20Jean">Addington, Jean</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucsd_postprints">UC San Diego Previously Published Works</a> (2017)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Abstract Background: Longitudinal studies examining youth at clinical high risk (CHR) of psychosis have predominantly focused on positive symptoms. However, youth at CHR often demonstrate persistent and significant negative symptoms, which have been reported to be predictive of conversion to psychosis. The goal of this study was to examine negative symptoms over time in youth at CHR of psychosis and compare baseline negative symptoms in those who convert to psychosis with those who did not convert. Methods: Youth at CHR (N = 764) were recruited for the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS 2) at 8 sites across North America. Negative symptoms were rated on the Scale of Prodromal Symptoms (SOPS) at baseline, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Difference in prevalence of negative symptoms was assessed using Z test and change in negative symptom severity over time was assessed using repeated measures analysis of variance ANOVA. Wilcoxon rank sum test and 2-sample t test were utilized to compare baseline negative symptoms in converters vs nonconverters. Results: The mean total negative symptom score at baseline was 11.90 (SD = 9.80). A majority of participants (84.57%) had at least one negative symptom rated ≥3 at baseline. Negative symptom severity significantly decreased over time compared to baseline measures. Eighty-six participants converted in total. In participants with at least one negative symptom of moderate severity or above (N ≥ 3), nonconverters had lower severity ratings on expression of emotion (M = 1.49, SD = 1.47 vs M = 1.94, SD = 1.64, P = .02) and ideational richness (M = 1.23, SD = 1.37 vs M = 1.60, SD = 1.35, P = .04) compared to converters at baseline. In participants who completed 24 months of assessment and had negative symptom severity of moderate severity or above (N ≥ 3), nonconverters had significantly better expression of emotion (M = 1.40, SD = 1.51) compared to converters (M = 1.79, SD = 1.63, P = .03). Conclusion: First, this study demonstrated that the majority of youth at CHR have moderate to severe negative symptoms at baseline. Second, both decreased expression of emotion and decreased ideational richness was significantly more severe in participants who converted and may be indicative of later conversion to psychosis. Thus, early and persistent higher negative symptom scores may represent subsequent risk of conversion to psychosis.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/5666t6qw"><img src="/cms-assets/4f75c4f2a44c9ede1a107b6e4d80f3a743cf5fc75d85f50da3598a9ef7e70728" alt="Cover page: SU127. Negative Symptoms in Youth at Clinical High Risk of Psychosis"/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/5jd2p259"><div class="c-clientmarkup">23. Omega-3 Fatty Acid Versus Placebo in a Clinical High-Risk Sample From the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Studies (NAPLS) Consortium</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACadenhead%2C%20Kristin">Cadenhead, Kristin</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAddington%2C%20Jean">Addington, Jean</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACannon%2C%20Tyrone">Cannon, Tyrone</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACornblatt%2C%20Barbara">Cornblatt, Barbara</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMathalon%2C%20Daniel">Mathalon, Daniel</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMcGlashan%2C%20Tom">McGlashan, Tom</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APerkins%2C%20Diana">Perkins, Diana</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASeidman%2C%20Larry%20J">Seidman, Larry J</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ATsuang%2C%20Ming">Tsuang, Ming</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWalker%2C%20Elaine">Walker, Elaine</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWoods%2C%20Scott">Woods, Scott</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucsd_postprints">UC San Diego Previously Published Works</a> (2017)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Abstract Background: Omega-3 Fatty Acids (FAs), EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid), are essential for normal brain development and may also have neuroprotective properties. Dietary supplementation of EPA and DHA has beneficial effects in medical illnesses as well as depression, bipolar disorder, and dementia. Abnormal FA metabolism may play a role in the etiology of psychiatric illness. Studies of erythrocytes and skin fibroblasts have shown reduced levels of FAs and phospholipids in schizophrenia. Studies of Omega-3FA supplementation in schizophrenia have been mixed. Amminger et al performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 81 subjects with prodromal symptoms of psychosis. The treatment consisted of 1.2g/day of Omega-3FAs (700 mg EPA, 480 mg DHA). After 12 weeks, 2 (4.9%) of 41 individuals in the Omega-3FA group and 11 of 40 (27.5%) in the placebo group converted to a psychotic disorder. Omega-3FAs also significantly reduced symptoms and improved functioning. The Aims of the current study were to replicate the Amminger study in Clinical High Risk (CHR) subjects from the NAPLS consortium. Methods: This was a 24-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo, fixed dose-controlled study of Omega-3FA versus placebo in 127 CHR subjects. The Omega-3FA compound contained a 2:1 proportion of EPA to DHA. The total dose was 740 mg of EPA and 400 mg of DHA. Baseline diet characterization was assessed using a systematic checklist that includes Omega-3FA foods. In addition, fasting erythrocyte FA composition was assessed. Results: Of the 127 CHR subjects recruited into the trial, 118 completed baseline assessment, and 70 (59%) completed the 6-month trial. Seven (10% Kaplan-Meier) subjects converted to psychosis during the 24 months. The rate of psychotic conversion did not differ in the Omega-3FA (13%) versus Placebo (8%) samples. Conversion to psychosis was predicted by low Omega-3FA rich foods in the diet (Wald Statistic = 4.96, P < .05). Although there were significant improvements in symptom and functioning over time in Mixed Model analyses, there were no significant group or Group × Time interaction effects. Conclusion: The rate of conversion to psychosis in the present sample was lower than is typically observed in an at-risk population. Given the study attrition and low rate of conversion to psychosis, the trial was underpowered to replicate the conversion effect in the Amminger et al.’s study. Despite the overall improvement in symptoms and functioning over time in all subjects, there was no clear evidence of a differential effect in the sample on Omega-3FA vs Placebo. Further work is needed to better tease out the role of diet and Omega-3FA in mental illness. The finding of a significant association between baseline diet low in Omega-3FA rich foods and later conversion to psychosis raises the question of whether it is possible to influence both physical and mental health with lifestyle choices including diet.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/5jd2p259"><img src="/cms-assets/0d42bcaf8ad048fd0ee8123a8d5b3da501aedef669a69070369b824d8ac3e8d9" alt="Cover page: 23. Omega-3 Fatty Acid Versus Placebo in a Clinical High-Risk Sample From the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Studies (NAPLS) Consortium"/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/53534296"><div class="c-clientmarkup">24.2 NEUROCOGNITIVE PROFILES IN THE PRODROME TO PSYCHOSIS IN NAPLS-1</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AVelthorst%2C%20Eva">Velthorst, Eva</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABearden%2C%20Carrie">Bearden, Carrie</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMeyer%2C%20Eric">Meyer, Eric</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AGiuliano%2C%20Anthony">Giuliano, Anthony</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAddington%2C%20Jean">Addington, Jean</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACadenhead%2C%20Kristin">Cadenhead, Kristin</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACannon%2C%20Tyrone">Cannon, Tyrone</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACornblatt%2C%20Barbara">Cornblatt, Barbara</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMcglashan%2C%20Thomas">Mcglashan, Thomas</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APerkins%2C%20Diana">Perkins, Diana</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ATsuang%2C%20Ming">Tsuang, Ming</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWalker%2C%20Elaine">Walker, Elaine</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWoods%2C%20Scott">Woods, Scott</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASeidman%2C%20Larry">Seidman, Larry</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucsd_postprints">UC San Diego Previously Published Works</a> (2018)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Abstract <h3>Background</h3> The vast majority of studies of neuropsychological (NP) functioning in Clinical High Risk (CHR) cohorts have examined group averages, possibly concealing a range of subgroups ranging from very impaired to high functioning. Our objective was to assess NP profiles and to explore associations with conversion to psychosis, functional and diagnostic outcome. <h3>Methods</h3> Data were acquired from 324 participants (mean age 18.4) in the first phase of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS-1), a multi-site consortium following individuals for up to 2½ years. We applied Ward’s method for hierarchical clustering data to 8 baseline neurocognitive measures, in 166 CHR individuals, 49 non-CHR youth with a family history of psychosis, and 109 healthy controls. We tested whether cluster membership was associated with conversion to psychosis, social and role functioning, and follow-up diagnosis. Analyses were repeated after data were clustered based on independently developed clinical decision rules. <h3>Results</h3> Four neurocognitive clusters were identified: Significantly Impaired (n=33); Mildly Impaired (n=82); Normal (n=145) and High (n=64). The Significantly Impaired subgroup demonstrated the largest deviations on processing speed and memory tasks and had a conversion rate of 58%, a 40% chance of developing a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis (compared to 24.4% in the Mildly Impaired, and 10.3% in the other two groups combined), and significantly worse functioning at baseline and 12-months. Data clustered using clinical decision rules yielded similar results, pointing to high convergent validity. <h3>Discussion</h3> Despite extensive neuropsychological investigations within CHR cohorts, this is one of the first studies to investigate NP clustering profiles as a contributor to heterogeneity in outcome. Our results indicate that the four NP profiles vary substantially in their outcome, underscoring the relevance of cognitive functioning in the prediction of illness progression. Our findings tentatively suggest that individualized cognitive profiling should be explored in clinical settings.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/53534296"><img src="/cms-assets/657a3125df11cbcd556b3cf3a95485228ac64c40f2e47acd76e6f7fad3d1c789" alt="Cover page: 24.2 NEUROCOGNITIVE PROFILES IN THE PRODROME TO PSYCHOSIS IN NAPLS-1"/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/0t23x1cq"><div class="c-clientmarkup">59.4 Networks of Blood Analytes are Collectively Informative of Risk of Conversion to Schizophrenia</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AJeffries%2C%20Clark">Jeffries, Clark</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APerkins%2C%20Diana">Perkins, Diana</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAddington%2C%20Jean">Addington, Jean</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABearden%2C%20Carrie">Bearden, Carrie</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACadenhead%2C%20Kristen">Cadenhead, Kristen</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACannon%2C%20Tyrone">Cannon, Tyrone</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACornblatt%2C%20Barbara">Cornblatt, Barbara</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMathalon%2C%20Daniel">Mathalon, Daniel</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMcGlashan%2C%20Tom">McGlashan, Tom</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASeidman%2C%20Larry%20J">Seidman, Larry J</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ATsuang%2C%20Ming">Tsuang, Ming</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWalker%2C%20Elaine">Walker, Elaine</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWoods%2C%20Scott">Woods, Scott</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucsd_postprints">UC San Diego Previously Published Works</a> (2017)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Abstract Background: The presence and severity of attenuated-psychosis symptoms define a clinical high risk (CHR) population at elevated risk for psychotic disorders. The NAPLS project is a prospective study of mechanisms contributing to psychosis vulnerability in persons at CHR. Here we investigated a hypothesized role for the highly-integrated immune and redox systems in the development of psychosis. Methods: We examined expression of 143 plasma analytes from a subgroup of the NAPLS2 cohort, including 32 CHR with subsequent psychosis conversion, 40 CHR followed for 2 years without psychosis, and 35 unaffected subjects. We used a Luminex platform with analytes chosen to reflect immune, redox, hormonal, and metabolic system status, including many analytes previously associated with schizophrenia and psychosis risk. We applied correlation network analysis to discover potentially co-regulated networks associated with later development of psychosis. Results: Several robust (r > .75) and highly significant (P < .0001 after correction for multiple testing) correlation networks were found in all groups, including a network involving IL3, IL5, IL7, and IL13, and a network involving CCL5, BDNF, TSH, and PDGF. There were significantly fewer nodes in CHR-converters compared with CHR-nonconverters and unaffected subjects. In unaffected subjects, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) was highly correlated with matrix metallopeptidases (MMP) 7, 9 and 10 and CD40LG, this network was absent in CHR subjects, and in CHR-converters PAI-1 was robustly and significantly correlated with TIMP1, CCL13, and TIMP1. Conclusion: A pattern of robust and highly significant correlation networks in plasma analytes suggests shared regulatory mechanisms for the inter-correlated analytes. The lower number of correlated analytes in CHR subjects who converted to psychosis suggest a shift in regulation, as does the change in the correlation network involving PAI-1. PAI-1 is of interest given studies linking schizophrenia with reduced tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and increases in negative regulators of tPA, including activation of both PAI-1and TIMP1 with oxidative stress. In addition, a recent study links toxoplasmosis infection and schizophrenia risk to a pathway involving PAI-1 and TIMP1. Patricio O’Donnell, Pfizer Inc.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/0t23x1cq"><img src="/cms-assets/d7f57468db9e0db827d0c1e60b1022a1c2a6b060ce52f3cb5f499b566cb43147" alt="Cover page: 59.4 Networks of Blood Analytes are Collectively Informative of Risk of Conversion to Schizophrenia"/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/8j42s24m"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Sex- and Age-Specific Deviations in Cerebellar Structure and Their Link With Symptom Dimensions and Clinical Outcome in Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis.</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWoods%2C%20Scott">Woods, Scott</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACannon%2C%20Tyrone">Cannon, Tyrone</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWalker%2C%20Elaine">Walker, Elaine</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASefik%2C%20Esra">Sefik, Esra</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABoamah%2C%20Michelle">Boamah, Michelle</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAddington%2C%20Jean">Addington, Jean</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACornblatt%2C%20Barbara">Cornblatt, Barbara</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AKeshavan%2C%20Matcheri">Keshavan, Matcheri</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APerkins%2C%20Diana">Perkins, Diana</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AStone%2C%20William">Stone, William</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMathalon%2C%20Daniel">Mathalon, Daniel</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABearden%2C%20Carrie">Bearden, Carrie</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACadenhead%2C%20Kristin">Cadenhead, Kristin</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ATsuang%2C%20Ming">Tsuang, Ming</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucsf_postprints">UC San Francisco Previously Published Works</a> (2023)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup">BACKGROUND: The clinical high-risk (CHR) period offers a temporal window into neurobiological deviations preceding psychosis onset, but little attention has been given to regions outside the cerebrum in large-scale studies of CHR. Recently, the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS)-2 revealed altered functional connectivity of the cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuitry among individuals at CHR; however, cerebellar morphology remains underinvestigated in this at-risk population, despite growing evidence of its involvement in psychosis. STUDY DESIGN: In this multisite study, we analyzed T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans obtained from N = 469 CHR individuals (61% male, ages = 12-36 years) and N = 212 healthy controls (52% male, ages = 12-34 years) from NAPLS-2, with a focus on cerebellar cortex and white matter volumes separately. Symptoms were rated by the Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes (SIPS). The outcome by two-year follow-up was categorized as in-remission, symptomatic, prodromal-progression, or psychotic. General linear models were used for case-control comparisons and tests for volumetric associations with baseline SIPS ratings and clinical outcomes. STUDY RESULTS: Cerebellar cortex and white matter volumes differed between the CHR and healthy control groups at baseline, with sex moderating the difference in cortical volumes, and both sex and age moderating the difference in white matter volumes. Baseline ratings for major psychosis-risk dimensions as well as a clinical outcome at follow-up had tissue-specific associations with cerebellar volumes. CONCLUSIONS: These findings point to clinically relevant deviations in cerebellar cortex and white matter structures among CHR individuals and highlight the importance of considering the complex interplay between sex and age when studying the neuromaturational substrates of psychosis risk.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/8j42s24m"><img src="/cms-assets/f05a725d546a91e264392937a9ba4ff55f91b236eaa802323956c51ac63ed7d0" alt="Cover page: Sex- and Age-Specific Deviations in Cerebellar Structure and Their Link With Symptom Dimensions and Clinical Outcome in Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis."/></a></div></section><nav class="c-pagination--next"><ul><li><a href="" aria-label="you are on result set 1" class="c-pagination__item--current">1</a></li><li><a href="" aria-label="go to result set 2" class="c-pagination__item">2</a></li><li><a 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Resources"}],"query":{"q":"author:Addington, Jean","sort":"rel","rows":"10","info_start":"0","start":"0","filters":{}},"count":133,"info_count":0,"infoResults":[],"searchResults":[{"id":"qt8mt4m6nd","title":"Depression, family interaction and family intervention in adolescents at clinical-high risk for psychosis.","abstract":"AIM: The relationship between family behaviour and depression in adolescents at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis remains understudied despite high rates of depression in this population. This study examines the relationship between family problem-solving behaviours and depression in CHR adolescents and the impact of family interventions targeting subthreshold symptoms of psychosis on reducing symptoms of depression over 2-years. METHODS: Participants were a subset of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study who were randomized to 6-months of family focused therapy for individuals at CHR or family psychoeducational treatment. We evaluated the relationship between communication during family conflict discussion and adolescents symptoms of depression before treatment. At follow-up assessments the family treatment groups were compared on depression. Finally, we compared those in family treatment with matched controls. RESULTS: Adolescents constructive communication was associated with less severe symptoms of depression before treatment. Symptoms of depression improved for adolescents in both family treatment groups. However, there were no significant group by treatment interactions. When adolescents who participated in either type of family intervention were compared to CHR adolescent controls, symptoms of depression improved for adolescents in treatment and control groups, but there were no significant time by treatment interactions. CONCLUSIONS: The communication skills of CHR adolescents are related to both depression and their parents communication skills pre-treatment. However, reductions in depression over the course of the treatment trial cannot be attributed to family treatment. It is imperative to incorporate interventions that directly target depression into future family treatment studies.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Rinne, Gabrielle","email":"gabrielle.rinne@ucla.edu","fname":"Gabrielle","lname":"Rinne"},{"name":"OBrien, Mary","fname":"Mary","lname":"OBrien"},{"name":"Miklowitz, David","fname":"David","lname":"Miklowitz"},{"name":"Addington, Jean","fname":"Jean","lname":"Addington"},{"name":"Cannon, Tyrone","fname":"Tyrone","lname":"Cannon"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":162,"asset_id":"b7ec1383b38e31acd4222ccde84f45b0fdaa7c74c2acb4fb2db07a35c9900652","timestamp":1728914885,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2021,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UCLA Previously Published Works","link_path":"ucla_postprints"}},{"id":"qt7kp468h0","title":"Cognitive-Behavioral Social Skills Training: Outcome of a Randomized Controlled Trial for Youth at Risk of Psychosis.","abstract":"AIM: Difficulties in social functioning have been observed in youth at clinical high-risk (CHR) of psychosis even in those who do not go on to develop a psychotic illness. Few treatment studies have attempted to improve social functioning in this population. The aim of this study was to conduct a randomized trial comparing the effects of Cognitive-Behavioral Social Skills Training (CBSST) with a supportive therapy (ST). METHODS: Both CBSST and ST were weekly group therapies, delivered over 18 weeks. This was a 2-arm trial with single-blinded ratings and intention-to-treat analyses. Assessments occurred at baseline, end-of-treatment, and 12 months after the baseline assessment. The primary outcome was social and role functioning and defeatist performance attitudes were the secondary outcome. Attenuated positive and negative symptoms, anxiety, depression, self-efficacy, and beliefs about self and others were examined as exploratory outcomes. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the 2 groups at baseline or either of the 2 follow-ups. However, at follow-ups, in each group there were significant improvements in clinical symptoms. These could not be attributed to group treatment since there was no control or wait-list group. CONCLUSIONS: Since poor social functioning is one of the most observed difficulties in CHR individuals, and a decline in social functioning may be a significant predictor of later transition to psychosis, future work will be needed to find effective treatments for this decline in functioning for CHR youth.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Cornblatt, Barbara","fname":"Barbara","lname":"Cornblatt"},{"name":"Holden, Jason","fname":"Jason","lname":"Holden"},{"name":"Granholm, Eric","fname":"Eric","lname":"Granholm"},{"name":"Addington, Jean","fname":"Jean","lname":"Addington"},{"name":"Liu, Lu","fname":"Lu","lname":"Liu"},{"name":"Braun, Amy","fname":"Amy","lname":"Braun"},{"name":"Brummitt, Kali","fname":"Kali","lname":"Brummitt"},{"name":"Cadenhead, Kristin","email":"kcadenhead@ucsd.edu","fname":"Kristin","lname":"Cadenhead"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":165,"asset_id":"2e89a78009d186425611d3cb86a26e58ae7b30acf423bb295f2303a903743f3b","timestamp":1695148136,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2023,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC San Diego Previously Published Works","link_path":"ucsd_postprints"}},{"id":"qt23r3p0mp","title":"Cognitive-Behavioural Social Skills Training: Mediation of Treatment Outcomes in a Randomized Controlled Trial for Youth at Risk of Psychosis: Lentra\u00EEnement aux comp\u00E9tences sociales cognitivo-comportementales : variables m\u00E9diatrices des r\u00E9sultats th\u00E9rapeutiques dans le cadre dun essai clinique randomis\u00E9 pour les jeunes pr\u00E9sentant un risque de psychose.","abstract":"OBJECTIVES: Currently, there are no effective treatments for functional outcomes (i.e., role and social) and negative symptoms for youth at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis. Investigations into possible mechanisms that may contribute to the improvement of functioning and negative symptoms are needed in CHR research to help inform psychosocial treatments. The present study examined whether functioning and negative symptoms were mediated by asocial beliefs, defeatist beliefs, self-efficacy, maladaptive schemas, anxiety, depression, social cognition, or attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS) in a large clinical trial. METHODS: CHR participants (n\u2009=\u2009203; 104 females; 99 males) were recruited as part of a three-site randomized control trial comparing group cognitive-behavioural social skills training (CBSST) versus a supportive therapy group. Mediation analyses were conducted to test the relationships between treatment group, mediators (asocial beliefs, defeatist beliefs, self-efficacy, maladaptive schemas, anxiety, depression, social cognition, and APS), and outcome (social and role functioning, and negative symptoms). The mediation analyses employed conditional process path analysis via ordinary least squares regression. RESULTS: At the end of treatment, but not 12-month follow-up, more severe APS were found to mediate the impact of treatment on negative symptoms, and social and role functioning. The greater the severity of APS, the less likely that CBSST would result in improvement in negative symptoms and social and role functioning. Many of the other variables showed significant associations with social (less for role) functioning and negative symptoms but did not mediate the effect of treatment on these outcomes at the end of treatment or 12-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant mediators except for APS at the end of treatment. Since more severe APS may result in participants being unable to fully participate in therapy and thus limit their gains, clinical implications may include offering some individual therapy to prepare these young people to benefit from the group treatment.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Devoe, Daniel","fname":"Daniel","lname":"Devoe"},{"name":"Liu, Lu","fname":"Lu","lname":"Liu"},{"name":"Braun, Amy","fname":"Amy","lname":"Braun"},{"name":"Cadenhead, Kristin","fname":"Kristin","lname":"Cadenhead"},{"name":"Cornblatt, Barbara","fname":"Barbara","lname":"Cornblatt"},{"name":"Granholm, Eric","fname":"Eric","lname":"Granholm"},{"name":"Addington, Jean","fname":"Jean","lname":"Addington"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":168,"asset_id":"52266e39e5452cd26b38f15e1699fc684261f517c5c5ccc1b61249127d187299","timestamp":1732635410,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2024,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC San Diego Previously Published Works","link_path":"ucsd_postprints"}},{"id":"qt5mq008b3","title":"Family communication and the efficacy of family focused therapy in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis with comorbid anxiety","abstract":"<h4>Aim</h4>Comorbid anxiety disorder is related to greater illness severity among individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis, but its potential role in moderating response to Family Focused Therapy (FFT) for CHR is unexamined. We investigated whether comorbid anxiety disorder in CHR individuals is associated with less constructive communication during family problem-solving interactions, whether their communication skills differentially improve after FFT, and whether FFT is effective in reducing anxiety in this population.<h4>Methods</h4>Individuals recruited into the second phase of the 8-site North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS2) participated (N\u2009=\u2009129). They were randomly assigned to 18-sessions of FFT-CHR or three-sessions of Enhanced Care (EC). Participants completed a diagnostic interview at pre-treatment, a family interaction task at pre-treatment and 6-months, and a self-report anxiety measure at pretreatment, 6 and 12-months.<h4>Results</h4>Individuals at CHR with comorbid anxiety engaged in more negative and fewer positive behaviours during family problem-solving interactions at pre-treatment than did those without comorbid anxiety. There was a significant interaction between anxiety diagnosis and time on interactional behaviour scores, such that individuals at CHR with an anxiety diagnosis showed a greater decrease in negative behaviours and increase in positive behaviours from baseline to 6-months than those without anxiety disorder(s) regardless of treatment condition. However, individuals' self-reported anxiety symptoms decreased more in FFT-CHR than in EC from pre-treatment to 12-month follow-up, regardless of anxiety diagnoses.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Individuals at CHR with symptoms of anxiety benefit from family interventions in showing reductions in anxiety and improvements in family communication.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Cannon, Arianna C O'Brien","fname":"Arianna C O'Brien","lname":"Cannon"},{"name":"Caporino, Nicole E","fname":"Nicole E","lname":"Caporino"},{"name":"O'Brien, Mary P","fname":"Mary P","lname":"O'Brien"},{"name":"Miklowitz, David J","email":"dmiklowitz@mednet.ucla.edu","fname":"David J","lname":"Miklowitz","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-9647-6147"},{"name":"Addington, Jean M","fname":"Jean M","lname":"Addington"},{"name":"Cannon, Tyrone D","fname":"Tyrone D","lname":"Cannon"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":162,"asset_id":"97077e0e45bb44a012861f614c46d30ccce3d27b93b3879a5c4226fc9492639a","timestamp":1691088784,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2023,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UCLA Previously Published Works","link_path":"ucla_postprints"}},{"id":"qt85g271k0","title":"39.1 DNA METHYLATION OF IMMUNE CELLS IN PERSONS AT CLINICAL HIGH RISK FOR PSYCHOSIS","abstract":"Abstract <h4>Background</h4> A dysregulated immune system is implicated in the development of psychotic disorders. Persons with schizophrenia have altered levels of circulating immune cell signaling molecules (cytokines), and elevation of specific cytokines predict conversion to psychosis in persons at clinical high risk. Whether these peripheral signals are a causal or a secondary phenomenon is unclear. But, subpopulations of circulating immune cells do regulate the brain from meningeal and perivascular locations influencing cognition, mood, and behavior, and thus may be relevant to schizophrenia vulnerability. Hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow differentiate into cascading subtypes depending on signals from other organs, especially the brain. For example, a monocyte subpopulation emerges with repeated social defeat that establish the persistence of anxiety-like behaviors; blocking their release or inhibiting their attachment to brain vascular endothelium prevents the emergence of anxiety-like behaviors. In humans, a similar monocyte subpopulation is associated with social isolation and other adversities including low SES, chronic stress, and bereavement. <h4>Methods</h4> The North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS2) is an eight-site observational study of predictors and mechanisms of conversion to psychosis The full cohort includes 763 at clinical high risk (CHR) based on the Criteria of Prodromal State (COPS) and 279 demographically similar unaffected comparison (UC) subjects. Methylation of whole blood DNA collected in PAXgene tubes at baseline was analyzed with the Illumina 450k array in a subgroup of 59 subjects who converted to psychosis (CHR-C), 84 CHR subjects followed for 2 years who did not develop psychosis (CHR-NC) and 67 unaffected subjects (UC). Our analyses focused on methylation of promoter regions of genes, associated with gene expression. Classifier construction used Coarse Approximation Linear Function (CALF) with bootstrapping of 1000 random 80% subsets with replacement to determine statistical likelihood. <h4>Results</h4> We found highly overlapping sets of differentially methylated promoter regions in CHR-C subjects compared to CHR-NC and to UC subjects. A set of 10 markers correctly classified CHR-C and CHR-NC subjects with high accuracy (AUC=0.94, 95% CI 0.89\u20130.98). Included was SIRT1, a gene that is upregulated with HSV reactivation. <h4>Discussion</h4> Circulating immune cells excerpt powerful influences on mood, cognition and behavior. An obvious example is the experience of most human with \u201Csickness syndrome\u201D, characterized by apathy, avolition, and withdrawal, and triggered by immune-cell-released cytokines producing an adaptive, resource conserving, behavioral response. While at an early stage, our findings further implicate immune system dysregulation as a mechanism in the development of psychosis.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Perkins, Diana","fname":"Diana","lname":"Perkins"},{"name":"Clark, Jeffries","fname":"Jeffries","lname":"Clark"},{"name":"Addington, Jean","fname":"Jean","lname":"Addington"},{"name":"Beardon, Carrie","fname":"Carrie","lname":"Beardon"},{"name":"Cadenhead, Kristin","fname":"Kristin","lname":"Cadenhead"},{"name":"Cannon, Tyrone","fname":"Tyrone","lname":"Cannon"},{"name":"Cornblatt, Barbara","fname":"Barbara","lname":"Cornblatt"},{"name":"Mathalon, Daniel","fname":"Daniel","lname":"Mathalon"},{"name":"McGlashan, Thomas","fname":"Thomas","lname":"McGlashan"},{"name":"Seidman, Larry","fname":"Larry","lname":"Seidman"},{"name":"Tsuang, Ming","email":"mtsuang@ucsd.edu","fname":"Ming","lname":"Tsuang","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-0076-5340"},{"name":"Walker, Elaine","fname":"Elaine","lname":"Walker"},{"name":"Woods, Scott","fname":"Scott","lname":"Woods"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":167,"asset_id":"c1a89740f2be8244d329319dacf0a575e667c9389e3af373246e3e12cef8f5c8","timestamp":1689402925,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2018,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC San Diego Previously Published Works","link_path":"ucsd_postprints"}},{"id":"qt5666t6qw","title":"SU127. Negative Symptoms in Youth at Clinical High Risk of Psychosis","abstract":"Abstract Background: Longitudinal studies examining youth at clinical high risk (CHR) of psychosis have predominantly focused on positive symptoms. However, youth at CHR often demonstrate persistent and significant negative symptoms, which have been reported to be predictive of conversion to psychosis. The goal of this study was to examine negative symptoms over time in youth at CHR of psychosis and compare baseline negative symptoms in those who convert to psychosis with those who did not convert. Methods: Youth at CHR (N = 764) were recruited for the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS 2) at 8 sites across North America. Negative symptoms were rated on the Scale of Prodromal Symptoms (SOPS) at baseline, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Difference in prevalence of negative symptoms was assessed using Z test and change in negative symptom severity over time was assessed using repeated measures analysis of variance ANOVA. Wilcoxon rank sum test and 2-sample t test were utilized to compare baseline negative symptoms in converters vs nonconverters. Results: The mean total negative symptom score at baseline was 11.90 (SD = 9.80). A majority of participants (84.57%) had at least one negative symptom rated \u22653 at baseline. Negative symptom severity significantly decreased over time compared to baseline measures. Eighty-six participants converted in total. In participants with at least one negative symptom of moderate severity or above (N \u2265 3), nonconverters had lower severity ratings on expression of emotion (M = 1.49, SD = 1.47 vs M = 1.94, SD = 1.64, P = .02) and ideational richness (M = 1.23, SD = 1.37 vs M = 1.60, SD = 1.35, P = .04) compared to converters at baseline. In participants who completed 24 months of assessment and had negative symptom severity of moderate severity or above (N \u2265 3), nonconverters had significantly better expression of emotion (M = 1.40, SD = 1.51) compared to converters (M = 1.79, SD = 1.63, P = .03). Conclusion: First, this study demonstrated that the majority of youth at CHR have moderate to severe negative symptoms at baseline. Second, both decreased expression of emotion and decreased ideational richness was significantly more severe in participants who converted and may be indicative of later conversion to psychosis. Thus, early and persistent higher negative symptom scores may represent subsequent risk of conversion to psychosis.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Devoe, Daniel","fname":"Daniel","lname":"Devoe"},{"name":"Cadenhead, Kristen","fname":"Kristen","lname":"Cadenhead"},{"name":"Cannon, Tyrone","fname":"Tyrone","lname":"Cannon"},{"name":"Cornblatt, Barbara","fname":"Barbara","lname":"Cornblatt"},{"name":"McGlashan, Tom","fname":"Tom","lname":"McGlashan"},{"name":"Perkins, Diana","fname":"Diana","lname":"Perkins"},{"name":"Seidman, Larry J","fname":"Larry J","lname":"Seidman"},{"name":"Tsuang, Ming","email":"mtsuang@ucsd.edu","fname":"Ming","lname":"Tsuang","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-0076-5340"},{"name":"Walker, Elaine","fname":"Elaine","lname":"Walker"},{"name":"Woods, Scott","fname":"Scott","lname":"Woods"},{"name":"Bearden, Carrie","fname":"Carrie","lname":"Bearden"},{"name":"Mathalon, Daniel","fname":"Daniel","lname":"Mathalon"},{"name":"Addington, Jean","fname":"Jean","lname":"Addington"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":163,"asset_id":"4f75c4f2a44c9ede1a107b6e4d80f3a743cf5fc75d85f50da3598a9ef7e70728","timestamp":1689405155,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2017,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC San Diego Previously Published Works","link_path":"ucsd_postprints"}},{"id":"qt5jd2p259","title":"23. Omega-3 Fatty Acid Versus Placebo in a Clinical High-Risk Sample From the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Studies (NAPLS) Consortium","abstract":"Abstract Background: Omega-3 Fatty Acids (FAs), EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid), are essential for normal brain development and may also have neuroprotective properties. Dietary supplementation of EPA and DHA has beneficial effects in medical illnesses as well as depression, bipolar disorder, and dementia. Abnormal FA metabolism may play a role in the etiology of psychiatric illness. Studies of erythrocytes and skin fibroblasts have shown reduced levels of FAs and phospholipids in schizophrenia. Studies of Omega-3FA supplementation in schizophrenia have been mixed. Amminger et al performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 81 subjects with prodromal symptoms of psychosis. The treatment consisted of 1.2g/day of Omega-3FAs (700\u2009mg EPA, 480\u2009mg DHA). After 12 weeks, 2 (4.9%) of 41 individuals in the Omega-3FA group and 11 of 40 (27.5%) in the placebo group converted to a psychotic disorder. Omega-3FAs also significantly reduced symptoms and improved functioning. The Aims of the current study were to replicate the Amminger study in Clinical High Risk (CHR) subjects from the NAPLS consortium. Methods: This was a 24-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo, fixed dose-controlled study of Omega-3FA versus placebo in 127 CHR subjects. The Omega-3FA compound contained a 2:1 proportion of EPA to DHA. The total dose was 740\u2009mg of EPA and 400\u2009mg of DHA. Baseline diet characterization was assessed using a systematic checklist that includes Omega-3FA foods. In addition, fasting erythrocyte FA composition was assessed. Results: Of the 127 CHR subjects recruited into the trial, 118 completed baseline assessment, and 70 (59%) completed the 6-month trial. Seven (10% Kaplan-Meier) subjects converted to psychosis during the 24 months. The rate of psychotic conversion did not differ in the Omega-3FA (13%) versus Placebo (8%) samples. Conversion to psychosis was predicted by low Omega-3FA rich foods in the diet (Wald Statistic = 4.96, P < .05). Although there were significant improvements in symptom and functioning over time in Mixed Model analyses, there were no significant group or Group \u00D7 Time interaction effects. Conclusion: The rate of conversion to psychosis in the present sample was lower than is typically observed in an at-risk population. Given the study attrition and low rate of conversion to psychosis, the trial was underpowered to replicate the conversion effect in the Amminger et al.\u2019s study. Despite the overall improvement in symptoms and functioning over time in all subjects, there was no clear evidence of a differential effect in the sample on Omega-3FA vs Placebo. Further work is needed to better tease out the role of diet and Omega-3FA in mental illness. The finding of a significant association between baseline diet low in Omega-3FA rich foods and later conversion to psychosis raises the question of whether it is possible to influence both physical and mental health with lifestyle choices including diet.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Cadenhead, Kristin","fname":"Kristin","lname":"Cadenhead"},{"name":"Addington, Jean","fname":"Jean","lname":"Addington"},{"name":"Cannon, Tyrone","fname":"Tyrone","lname":"Cannon"},{"name":"Cornblatt, Barbara","fname":"Barbara","lname":"Cornblatt"},{"name":"Mathalon, Daniel","fname":"Daniel","lname":"Mathalon"},{"name":"McGlashan, Tom","fname":"Tom","lname":"McGlashan"},{"name":"Perkins, Diana","fname":"Diana","lname":"Perkins"},{"name":"Seidman, Larry J","fname":"Larry J","lname":"Seidman"},{"name":"Tsuang, Ming","email":"mtsuang@ucsd.edu","fname":"Ming","lname":"Tsuang","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-0076-5340"},{"name":"Walker, Elaine","fname":"Elaine","lname":"Walker"},{"name":"Woods, Scott","fname":"Scott","lname":"Woods"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":167,"asset_id":"0d42bcaf8ad048fd0ee8123a8d5b3da501aedef669a69070369b824d8ac3e8d9","timestamp":1689404206,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2017,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC San Diego Previously Published Works","link_path":"ucsd_postprints"}},{"id":"qt53534296","title":"24.2 NEUROCOGNITIVE PROFILES IN THE PRODROME TO PSYCHOSIS IN NAPLS-1","abstract":"Abstract <h4>Background</h4> The vast majority of studies of neuropsychological (NP) functioning in Clinical High Risk (CHR) cohorts have examined group averages, possibly concealing a range of subgroups ranging from very impaired to high functioning. Our objective was to assess NP profiles and to explore associations with conversion to psychosis, functional and diagnostic outcome. <h4>Methods</h4> Data were acquired from 324 participants (mean age 18.4) in the first phase of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS-1), a multi-site consortium following individuals for up to 2\u00BD years. We applied Ward\u2019s method for hierarchical clustering data to 8 baseline neurocognitive measures, in 166 CHR individuals, 49 non-CHR youth with a family history of psychosis, and 109 healthy controls. We tested whether cluster membership was associated with conversion to psychosis, social and role functioning, and follow-up diagnosis. Analyses were repeated after data were clustered based on independently developed clinical decision rules. <h4>Results</h4> Four neurocognitive clusters were identified: Significantly Impaired (n=33); Mildly Impaired (n=82); Normal (n=145) and High (n=64). The Significantly Impaired subgroup demonstrated the largest deviations on processing speed and memory tasks and had a conversion rate of 58%, a 40% chance of developing a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis (compared to 24.4% in the Mildly Impaired, and 10.3% in the other two groups combined), and significantly worse functioning at baseline and 12-months. Data clustered using clinical decision rules yielded similar results, pointing to high convergent validity. <h4>Discussion</h4> Despite extensive neuropsychological investigations within CHR cohorts, this is one of the first studies to investigate NP clustering profiles as a contributor to heterogeneity in outcome. Our results indicate that the four NP profiles vary substantially in their outcome, underscoring the relevance of cognitive functioning in the prediction of illness progression. Our findings tentatively suggest that individualized cognitive profiling should be explored in clinical settings.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Velthorst, Eva","fname":"Eva","lname":"Velthorst"},{"name":"Bearden, Carrie","fname":"Carrie","lname":"Bearden"},{"name":"Meyer, Eric","fname":"Eric","lname":"Meyer"},{"name":"Giuliano, Anthony","fname":"Anthony","lname":"Giuliano"},{"name":"Addington, Jean","fname":"Jean","lname":"Addington"},{"name":"Cadenhead, Kristin","fname":"Kristin","lname":"Cadenhead"},{"name":"Cannon, Tyrone","fname":"Tyrone","lname":"Cannon"},{"name":"Cornblatt, Barbara","fname":"Barbara","lname":"Cornblatt"},{"name":"Mcglashan, Thomas","fname":"Thomas","lname":"Mcglashan"},{"name":"Perkins, Diana","fname":"Diana","lname":"Perkins"},{"name":"Tsuang, Ming","email":"mtsuang@ucsd.edu","fname":"Ming","lname":"Tsuang","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-0076-5340"},{"name":"Walker, Elaine","fname":"Elaine","lname":"Walker"},{"name":"Woods, Scott","fname":"Scott","lname":"Woods"},{"name":"Seidman, Larry","fname":"Larry","lname":"Seidman"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":164,"asset_id":"657a3125df11cbcd556b3cf3a95485228ac64c40f2e47acd76e6f7fad3d1c789","timestamp":1689402809,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2018,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC San Diego Previously Published Works","link_path":"ucsd_postprints"}},{"id":"qt0t23x1cq","title":"59.4 Networks of Blood Analytes are Collectively Informative of Risk of Conversion to Schizophrenia","abstract":"Abstract Background: The presence and severity of attenuated-psychosis symptoms define a clinical high risk (CHR) population at elevated risk for psychotic disorders. The NAPLS project is a prospective study of mechanisms contributing to psychosis vulnerability in persons at CHR. Here we investigated a hypothesized role for the highly-integrated immune and redox systems in the development of psychosis. Methods: We examined expression of 143 plasma analytes from a subgroup of the NAPLS2 cohort, including 32 CHR with subsequent psychosis conversion, 40 CHR followed for 2 years without psychosis, and 35 unaffected subjects. We used a Luminex platform with analytes chosen to reflect immune, redox, hormonal, and metabolic system status, including many analytes previously associated with schizophrenia and psychosis risk. We applied correlation network analysis to discover potentially co-regulated networks associated with later development of psychosis. Results: Several robust (r > .75) and highly significant (P < .0001 after correction for multiple testing) correlation networks were found in all groups, including a network involving IL3, IL5, IL7, and IL13, and a network involving CCL5, BDNF, TSH, and PDGF. There were significantly fewer nodes in CHR-converters compared with CHR-nonconverters and unaffected subjects. In unaffected subjects, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) was highly correlated with matrix metallopeptidases (MMP) 7, 9 and 10 and CD40LG, this network was absent in CHR subjects, and in CHR-converters PAI-1 was robustly and significantly correlated with TIMP1, CCL13, and TIMP1. Conclusion: A pattern of robust and highly significant correlation networks in plasma analytes suggests shared regulatory mechanisms for the inter-correlated analytes. The lower number of correlated analytes in CHR subjects who converted to psychosis suggest a shift in regulation, as does the change in the correlation network involving PAI-1. PAI-1 is of interest given studies linking schizophrenia with reduced tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and increases in negative regulators of tPA, including activation of both PAI-1and TIMP1 with oxidative stress. In addition, a recent study links toxoplasmosis infection and schizophrenia risk to a pathway involving PAI-1 and TIMP1. Patricio O\u2019Donnell, Pfizer Inc.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Jeffries, Clark","fname":"Clark","lname":"Jeffries"},{"name":"Perkins, Diana","fname":"Diana","lname":"Perkins"},{"name":"Addington, Jean","fname":"Jean","lname":"Addington"},{"name":"Bearden, Carrie","fname":"Carrie","lname":"Bearden"},{"name":"Cadenhead, Kristen","fname":"Kristen","lname":"Cadenhead"},{"name":"Cannon, Tyrone","fname":"Tyrone","lname":"Cannon"},{"name":"Cornblatt, Barbara","fname":"Barbara","lname":"Cornblatt"},{"name":"Mathalon, Daniel","fname":"Daniel","lname":"Mathalon"},{"name":"McGlashan, Tom","fname":"Tom","lname":"McGlashan"},{"name":"Seidman, Larry J","fname":"Larry J","lname":"Seidman"},{"name":"Tsuang, Ming","email":"mtsuang@ucsd.edu","fname":"Ming","lname":"Tsuang","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-0076-5340"},{"name":"Walker, Elaine","fname":"Elaine","lname":"Walker"},{"name":"Woods, Scott","fname":"Scott","lname":"Woods"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":167,"asset_id":"d7f57468db9e0db827d0c1e60b1022a1c2a6b060ce52f3cb5f499b566cb43147","timestamp":1689405387,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2017,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC San Diego Previously Published Works","link_path":"ucsd_postprints"}},{"id":"qt8j42s24m","title":"Sex- and Age-Specific Deviations in Cerebellar Structure and Their Link With Symptom Dimensions and Clinical Outcome in Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis.","abstract":"BACKGROUND: The clinical high-risk (CHR) period offers a temporal window into neurobiological deviations preceding psychosis onset, but little attention has been given to regions outside the cerebrum in large-scale studies of CHR. Recently, the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS)-2 revealed altered functional connectivity of the cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuitry among individuals at CHR; however, cerebellar morphology remains underinvestigated in this at-risk population, despite growing evidence of its involvement in psychosis. STUDY DESIGN: In this multisite study, we analyzed T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans obtained from N = 469 CHR individuals (61% male, ages = 12-36 years) and N = 212 healthy controls (52% male, ages = 12-34 years) from NAPLS-2, with a focus on cerebellar cortex and white matter volumes separately. Symptoms were rated by the Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes (SIPS). The outcome by two-year follow-up was categorized as in-remission, symptomatic, prodromal-progression, or psychotic. General linear models were used for case-control comparisons and tests for volumetric associations with baseline SIPS ratings and clinical outcomes. STUDY RESULTS: Cerebellar cortex and white matter volumes differed between the CHR and healthy control groups at baseline, with sex moderating the difference in cortical volumes, and both sex and age moderating the difference in white matter volumes. Baseline ratings for major psychosis-risk dimensions as well as a clinical outcome at follow-up had tissue-specific associations with cerebellar volumes. CONCLUSIONS: These findings point to clinically relevant deviations in cerebellar cortex and white matter structures among CHR individuals and highlight the importance of considering the complex interplay between sex and age when studying the neuromaturational substrates of psychosis risk.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Woods, Scott","fname":"Scott","lname":"Woods"},{"name":"Cannon, Tyrone","fname":"Tyrone","lname":"Cannon"},{"name":"Walker, Elaine","fname":"Elaine","lname":"Walker"},{"name":"Sefik, Esra","fname":"Esra","lname":"Sefik"},{"name":"Boamah, Michelle","fname":"Michelle","lname":"Boamah"},{"name":"Addington, Jean","fname":"Jean","lname":"Addington"},{"name":"Cornblatt, Barbara","fname":"Barbara","lname":"Cornblatt"},{"name":"Keshavan, Matcheri","fname":"Matcheri","lname":"Keshavan"},{"name":"Perkins, Diana","fname":"Diana","lname":"Perkins"},{"name":"Stone, William","fname":"William","lname":"Stone"},{"name":"Mathalon, Daniel","email":"daniel.mathalon@ucsf.edu","fname":"Daniel","lname":"Mathalon"},{"name":"Bearden, Carrie","email":"cbearden@mednet.ucla.edu","fname":"Carrie","lname":"Bearden"},{"name":"Cadenhead, Kristin","email":"kcadenhead@ucsd.edu","fname":"Kristin","lname":"Cadenhead"},{"name":"Tsuang, Ming","email":"mtsuang@ucsd.edu","fname":"Ming","lname":"Tsuang"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":165,"asset_id":"f05a725d546a91e264392937a9ba4ff55f91b236eaa802323956c51ac63ed7d0","timestamp":1701271902,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2023,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC San Francisco Previously Published Works","link_path":"ucsf_postprints"}}],"facets":[{"display":"Type of Work","fieldName":"type_of_work","facets":[{"value":"article","count":133,"displayName":"Article"},{"value":"monograph","count":0,"displayName":"Book"},{"value":"dissertation","count":0,"displayName":"Theses"},{"value":"multimedia","count":0,"displayName":"Multimedia"}]},{"display":"Peer Review","fieldName":"peer_reviewed","facets":[{"value":"1","count":133,"displayName":"Peer-reviewed only"}]},{"display":"Supplemental Material","fieldName":"supp_file_types","facets":[{"value":"video","count":0,"displayName":"Video"},{"value":"audio","count":0,"displayName":"Audio"},{"value":"images","count":0,"displayName":"Images"},{"value":"zip","count":0,"displayName":"Zip"},{"value":"other files","count":0,"displayName":"Other files"}]},{"display":"Publication Year","fieldName":"pub_year","range":{"pub_year_start":null,"pub_year_end":null}},{"display":"Campus","fieldName":"campuses","facets":[{"value":"ucb","count":0,"displayName":"UC Berkeley"},{"value":"ucd","count":0,"displayName":"UC Davis"},{"value":"uci","count":8,"displayName":"UC Irvine"},{"value":"ucla","count":96,"displayName":"UCLA"},{"value":"ucm","count":0,"displayName":"UC Merced"},{"value":"ucr","count":0,"displayName":"UC Riverside"},{"value":"ucsd","count":129,"displayName":"UC San Diego"},{"value":"ucsf","count":93,"displayName":"UCSF"},{"value":"ucsb","count":0,"displayName":"UC Santa Barbara"},{"value":"ucsc","count":0,"displayName":"UC Santa Cruz"},{"value":"ucop","count":0,"displayName":"UC Office of the President"},{"value":"lbnl","count":0,"displayName":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory"},{"value":"anrcs","count":0,"displayName":"UC Agriculture & Natural Resources"}]},{"display":"Department","fieldName":"departments","facets":[{"value":"ucsdpsych","count":116,"displayName":"Department of Psychiatry, UCSD"},{"value":"ucsdsom","count":127,"displayName":"School of Medicine"},{"value":"uclapsych","count":96,"displayName":"UCLA Department of Psychology"}]},{"display":"Journal","fieldName":"journals","facets":[]},{"display":"Discipline","fieldName":"disciplines","facets":[]},{"display":"Reuse License","fieldName":"rights","facets":[{"value":"CC BY","count":2,"displayName":"BY - Attribution required"}]}]};</script> <script src="/js/vendors~app-bundle-7424603c338d723fd773.js"></script> <script src="/js/app-bundle-8362e6d7829414ab4baa.js"></script> </body> </html>