CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" class="no-js"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes"> <title>Search</title> <meta id="meta-title" property="citation_title" content="Search"/> <meta id="og-title" property="og:title" content="Search"/> <meta name="twitter:widgets:autoload" content="off"/> <meta name="twitter:dnt" content="on"/> <meta name="twitter:widgets:csp" content="on"/> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="lQbRRf0vgPqMbnbCsgELjAjIIyJjiIWo917M7hBshvI"/> <meta id="og-image" property="og:image" content="https://escholarship.org/images/escholarship-facebook2.jpg"/> <meta id="og-image-width" property="og:image:width" content="1242"/> <meta id="og-image-height" property="og:image:height" content="1242"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main-62e3023ddd136de2.css"> <link rel="resource" type="application/l10n" href="/node_modules/pdfjs-embed2/dist/locale/locale.properties"> <noscript><style> .jsonly { display: none } </style></noscript>   <script> var _paq = window._paq = window._paq || []; /* tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" */ _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function() { var u="//matomo.cdlib.org/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '7']); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.async=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script>  </head> <body> <div id="main"><div data-reactroot=""><div class="body"><a href="#maincontent" class="c-skipnav">Skip to main content</a><div class="l_search"><div><div style="margin-top:-10px"></div><header id="#top" class="c-header"><a class="c-header__logo2" href="/"><picture><source srcSet="/images/logo_eschol-small.svg" media="(min-width: 870px)"/><img src="/images/logo_eschol-mobile.svg" alt="eScholarship"/></picture><div class="c-header__logo2-tagline">Open Access Publications from the University of California</div></a><div class="c-header__search"><form class="c-search1"><label class="c-search1__label" for="c-search1__field">search</label><input type="search" id="c-search1__field" name="q" class="c-search1__field" placeholder="Search over 500,000 items" autoCapitalize="off" value="author:Liu, Lu"/><button type="submit" class="c-search1__submit-button" aria-label="submit search"></button><button type="button" class="c-search1__search-close-button" aria-label="close search field"></button></form></div><button class="c-header__search-open-button" aria-label="open search field"></button></header></div><div class="c-navbar"><nav class="c-nav"><details open="" class="c-nav__main"><summary class="c-nav__main-button">Menu</summary><ul class="c-nav__main-items"><li><details class="c-nav__sub"><summary class="c-nav__sub-button">About eScholarship</summary><div class="c-nav__sub-items"><button class="c-nav__sub-items-button" aria-label="return to menu">Main Menu</button><ul><li><a href="/aboutEschol">About eScholarship</a></li><li><a href="/repository">eScholarship Repository</a></li><li><a href="/publishing">eScholarship Publishing</a></li><li><a href="/policies">Site policies</a></li><li><a href="/terms">Terms of Use and Copyright Information</a></li><li><a href="/privacyPolicy">Privacy statement</a></li></ul></div></details></li><li><details class="c-nav__sub"><summary class="c-nav__sub-button">Campus Sites</summary><div class="c-nav__sub-items"><button class="c-nav__sub-items-button" aria-label="return to menu">Main Menu</button><ul><li><a href="/uc/ucb">UC Berkeley</a></li><li><a href="/uc/ucd">UC Davis</a></li><li><a href="/uc/uci">UC Irvine</a></li><li><a href="/uc/ucla">UCLA</a></li><li><a href="/uc/ucm">UC Merced</a></li><li><a href="/uc/ucr">UC Riverside</a></li><li><a href="/uc/ucsd">UC San Diego</a></li><li><a href="/uc/ucsf">UCSF</a></li><li><a href="/uc/ucsb">UC Santa Barbara</a></li><li><a href="/uc/ucsc">UC Santa Cruz</a></li><li><a href="/uc/ucop">UC Office of the President</a></li><li><a href="/uc/lbnl">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory</a></li><li><a href="/uc/anrcs">UC Agriculture & Natural Resources</a></li></ul></div></details></li><li><a href="/ucoapolicies">UC Open Access Policies</a></li><li><a href="/publishing">eScholarship Publishing</a></li></ul></details></nav></div><form id="facetForm" class="c-columns"><aside><div><div class="c-filter"><h1 class="c-filter__heading">Your search: "author:Liu, Lu"</h1><input type="hidden" name="q" value="author:Liu, Lu"/><div class="c-filter__results">26 results</div><div class="c-filter__inactive-note">No filters applied</div><details class="c-filter__active" open=""><summary><span><strong></strong> filters applied</span></summary><button class="c-filter__clear-all">clear all</button><ul class="c-filter__active-list"></ul></details><a href="https://help.escholarship.org/support/solutions/articles/9000148939-using-advanced-search-beta-" class="c-filter__tips">Search tips</a></div><div class="c-refine--has-drawer"><button class="c-refine__button--open">Refine Results</button><button class="c-refine__button--close" hidden="">Back to Results</button><div class="c-refine__drawer--closed"><details class="c-facetbox" open=""><summary class="c-facetbox__summary"><span id="facetbox0">Type of Work</span></summary><fieldset aria-labelledby="facetbox0"><ul class="c-checkbox"><li class=""><input type="checkbox" id="type_of_work-article" class="c-checkbox__input" name="type_of_work" value="article"/><label for="type_of_work-article" class="c-checkbox__label">Article (23)</label></li><li class=""><input type="checkbox" id="type_of_work-monograph" class="c-checkbox__input" name="type_of_work" value="monograph"/><label for="type_of_work-monograph" class="c-checkbox__label">Book (0)</label></li><li class=""><input type="checkbox" id="type_of_work-dissertation" class="c-checkbox__input" name="type_of_work" value="dissertation"/><label for="type_of_work-dissertation" class="c-checkbox__label">Theses (3)</label></li><li class=""><input type="checkbox" id="type_of_work-multimedia" class="c-checkbox__input" name="type_of_work" value="multimedia"/><label for="type_of_work-multimedia" class="c-checkbox__label">Multimedia (0)</label></li></ul></fieldset></details><details class="c-facetbox" open=""><summary class="c-facetbox__summary"><span id="facetbox1">Peer Review</span></summary><fieldset aria-labelledby="facetbox1"><ul class="c-checkbox"><li class=""><input type="checkbox" id="peer_reviewed-1" class="c-checkbox__input" name="peer_reviewed" value="1"/><label for="peer_reviewed-1" class="c-checkbox__label">Peer-reviewed only (26)</label></li></ul></fieldset></details><details class="c-facetbox"><summary class="c-facetbox__summary"><span id="facetbox2">Supplemental Material</span></summary><fieldset aria-labelledby="facetbox2"><ul class="c-checkbox--2column"><li class=""><input type="checkbox" id="supp_file_types-video" class="c-checkbox__input" name="supp_file_types" value="video"/><label for="supp_file_types-video" class="c-checkbox__label">Video (0)</label></li><li class=""><input type="checkbox" id="supp_file_types-audio" class="c-checkbox__input" name="supp_file_types" value="audio"/><label for="supp_file_types-audio" class="c-checkbox__label">Audio (0)</label></li><li class=""><input type="checkbox" id="supp_file_types-images" class="c-checkbox__input" name="supp_file_types" value="images"/><label for="supp_file_types-images" class="c-checkbox__label">Images (0)</label></li><li class=""><input type="checkbox" id="supp_file_types-zip" class="c-checkbox__input" name="supp_file_types" value="zip"/><label for="supp_file_types-zip" class="c-checkbox__label">Zip (0)</label></li><li class=""><input type="checkbox" id="supp_file_types-other_files" class="c-checkbox__input" name="supp_file_types" value="other files"/><label for="supp_file_types-other_files" class="c-checkbox__label">Other files (0)</label></li></ul></fieldset></details><details class="c-facetbox"><summary class="c-facetbox__summary"><span id="facetbox3">Publication Year</span></summary><fieldset aria-labelledby="facetbox3"><div class="c-pubyear"><div class="c-pubyear__field"><label for="c-pubyear__textfield1">From:</label><input type="text" id="c-pubyear__textfield1" name="pub_year_start" maxLength="4" placeholder="1900" value=""/></div><div class="c-pubyear__field"><label for="c-pubyear__textfield2">To:</label><input type="text" id="c-pubyear__textfield2" name="pub_year_end" maxLength="4" placeholder="2024" value=""/></div><button class="c-pubyear__button">Apply</button></div></fieldset></details><details class="c-facetbox"><summary class="c-facetbox__summary"><span id="facetbox4">Campus</span></summary><fieldset aria-labelledby="facetbox4"><ul class="c-checkbox"><li class=""><input type="checkbox" id="campuses-ucb" class="c-checkbox__input" name="campuses" value="ucb"/><label for="campuses-ucb" class="c-checkbox__label">UC Berkeley (2)</label></li><li class=""><input type="checkbox" id="campuses-ucd" class="c-checkbox__input" name="campuses" value="ucd"/><label for="campuses-ucd" class="c-checkbox__label">UC Davis (0)</label></li><li class=""><input type="checkbox" id="campuses-uci" class="c-checkbox__input" name="campuses" value="uci"/><label for="campuses-uci" class="c-checkbox__label">UC Irvine (1)</label></li><li class=""><input type="checkbox" id="campuses-ucla" class="c-checkbox__input" name="campuses" value="ucla"/><label for="campuses-ucla" class="c-checkbox__label">UCLA (15)</label></li><li class=""><input type="checkbox" id="campuses-ucm" class="c-checkbox__input" name="campuses" value="ucm"/><label for="campuses-ucm" class="c-checkbox__label">UC Merced (0)</label></li><li class=""><input type="checkbox" id="campuses-ucr" class="c-checkbox__input" name="campuses" value="ucr"/><label for="campuses-ucr" class="c-checkbox__label">UC Riverside (0)</label></li><li class=""><input type="checkbox" id="campuses-ucsd" class="c-checkbox__input" name="campuses" value="ucsd"/><label for="campuses-ucsd" class="c-checkbox__label">UC San Diego (14)</label></li><li class=""><input type="checkbox" id="campuses-ucsf" class="c-checkbox__input" name="campuses" value="ucsf"/><label for="campuses-ucsf" class="c-checkbox__label">UCSF (9)</label></li><li class=""><input type="checkbox" id="campuses-ucsb" class="c-checkbox__input" name="campuses" value="ucsb"/><label for="campuses-ucsb" class="c-checkbox__label">UC Santa Barbara (0)</label></li><li class=""><input type="checkbox" id="campuses-ucsc" class="c-checkbox__input" name="campuses" value="ucsc"/><label for="campuses-ucsc" class="c-checkbox__label">UC Santa Cruz (0)</label></li><li class=""><input type="checkbox" id="campuses-ucop" class="c-checkbox__input" name="campuses" value="ucop"/><label for="campuses-ucop" class="c-checkbox__label">UC Office of the President (0)</label></li><li class=""><input type="checkbox" id="campuses-lbnl" class="c-checkbox__input" name="campuses" value="lbnl"/><label for="campuses-lbnl" class="c-checkbox__label">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (3)</label></li><li class=""><input type="checkbox" id="campuses-anrcs" class="c-checkbox__input" name="campuses" value="anrcs"/><label for="campuses-anrcs" class="c-checkbox__label">UC Agriculture & Natural Resources (0)</label></li></ul></fieldset></details><details class="c-facetbox"><summary class="c-facetbox__summary"><span id="facetbox5">Department</span></summary><fieldset aria-labelledby="facetbox5"><ul class="c-checkbox"><li class=""><input type="checkbox" id="departments-ucsdsom" class="c-checkbox__input" name="departments" value="ucsdsom"/><label for="departments-ucsdsom" class="c-checkbox__label">School of Medicine (12)</label></li><li class=""><input type="checkbox" id="departments-ucsdpsych" class="c-checkbox__input" name="departments" value="ucsdpsych"/><label for="departments-ucsdpsych" class="c-checkbox__label">Department of Psychiatry, UCSD (8)</label></li><li class=""><input type="checkbox" id="departments-uclapsych" class="c-checkbox__input" name="departments" value="uclapsych"/><label for="departments-uclapsych" class="c-checkbox__label">UCLA Department of Psychology (8)</label></li><li class=""><input type="checkbox" id="departments-ucb_chemistry" class="c-checkbox__input" name="departments" value="ucb_chemistry"/><label for="departments-ucb_chemistry" class="c-checkbox__label">College of Chemistry (2)</label></li><li class=""><input type="checkbox" id="departments-ucsd_cse" class="c-checkbox__input" name="departments" value="ucsd_cse"/><label for="departments-ucsd_cse" class="c-checkbox__label">Department of Computer Science & Engineering (2)</label></li><li class=""><input type="checkbox" id="departments-anderson" class="c-checkbox__input" name="departments" value="anderson"/><label for="departments-anderson" class="c-checkbox__label">Anderson School of Management (1)</label></li></ul><div id="facetModalBase-departments"><button class="c-facetbox__show-more">Show more</button></div></fieldset></details><details class="c-facetbox"><summary class="c-facetbox__summary"><span id="facetbox6">Journal</span></summary><fieldset aria-labelledby="facetbox6"><ul class="c-checkbox"></ul></fieldset></details><details class="c-facetbox"><summary class="c-facetbox__summary"><span id="facetbox7">Discipline</span></summary><fieldset aria-labelledby="facetbox7"><ul class="c-checkbox"></ul></fieldset></details><details class="c-facetbox"><summary class="c-facetbox__summary"><span id="facetbox8">Reuse License</span></summary><fieldset aria-labelledby="facetbox8"><ul class="c-checkbox"><li class="c-checkbox__attrib-cc-by"><input type="checkbox" id="rights-CC_BY" class="c-checkbox__input" name="rights" value="CC BY"/><label for="rights-CC_BY" class="c-checkbox__label">BY - Attribution required (1)</label></li></ul></fieldset></details></div></div><button type="submit" id="facet-form-submit" style="display:none">Search</button></div></aside><main id="maincontent"><section class="o-columnbox1"><header><h2 class="o-columnbox1__heading" aria-live="polite">Scholarly Works (26 results)</h2></header><div class="c-sortpagination"><div class="c-sort"><div class="o-input__droplist1"><label for="c-sort1">Sort By:</label><select name="sort" id="c-sort1" form="facetForm"><option selected="" value="rel">Relevance</option><option value="a-title">A-Z By Title</option><option value="z-title">Z-A By Title</option><option value="a-author">A-Z By Author</option><option value="z-author">Z-A By Author</option><option value="asc">Date Ascending</option><option value="desc">Date Descending</option></select></div><div class="o-input__droplist1 c-sort__page-input"><label for="c-sort2">Show:</label><select name="rows" id="c-sort2" form="facetForm"><option selected="" value="10">10</option><option value="20">20</option><option value="30">30</option></select></div></div><input type="hidden" name="start" form="facetForm" value="0"/><nav class="c-pagination"><ul><li><a href="" aria-label="you are on result set 1" class="c-pagination__item--current">1</a></li><li><a href="" aria-label="go to result set 2" class="c-pagination__item">2</a></li><li><a href="" aria-label="go to result set 3" class="c-pagination__item">3</a></li></ul></nav></div><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-thesis">Thesis</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/0w21x00r"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Essays on Labor Economics</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ALiu%2C%20Lu">Liu, Lu</a> </li><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><span class="c-authorlist__heading">Advisor(s):</span> <a href="/search/?q=author%3Avon%20Wachter%2C%20Till">von Wachter, Till</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucla_etd">UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations</a> (2020)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup"><p>This dissertation contributes towards our understanding of Labor Economics and Applied Econometrics. It consists of three chapters. The first two chapters shed light on the determinants of female labor supply behavior by connecting theory to household-level data. The third chapter studies the nonlinear generalized method of moments (GMM) in dynamic panels and its application to value-added models of learning.</p><p>In Chapter 1, I propose that the rising sex ratio (number of males per female) imbalance has been an important factor in the recent feminization of rural-to-urban migration in China. To establish this connection, I first develop a three-player noncooperative household model in which both the parents and the daughter contribute time or money to improve the well-being of sons. The local sex ratio can affect the players' choices via two channels: either by influencing the preference towards sons, or by imposing negative impact on sons' welfare due to intensified marriage market competition. My model predicts that daughters are more likely to participate in migratory work when the local sex ratio is higher. Drawing on data from Rural-Urban Migration in China Survey, I then test the hypothesis by comparing unmarried rural women with brothers and those without brothers when conditioning on family size. My identification strategy exploits the exogenous variation in the number of brothers a rural woman has that comes from the randomness in parental sibling structure. I show that an increase in the local sex ratio significantly raises the probability of becoming a migrant worker for unmarried rural women who have brothers, while no significant effect is observed among those without brothers. The positive link is stronger for rural women who have a larger number of brothers or whose brothers are relatively younger. I also discover that around 40% of the increase in rural female labor migration rate from 1990 to 2000 could be explained by the changes in the sex ratio. I further find evidence in favor of the marriage market pressure mechanism. </p><p>Chapter 2 (joint work with Zhongda Li) examines the intergenerational determinants of women's labor force participation decision. Existing studies have established a positive correlation between a married woman's work behavior and her mother-in-law's. Such linkage is attributable to the profound influence of maternal employment on son's gender role preferences or household productivity. In this chapter we investigate the relative importance of the two potential mechanisms using the Chinese survey data. We show that a substantive part of the intergenerational correlation is left unexplained even if we control for the husband's gender role attitudes. Instead, we find that the husband's household productivity is more crucial in the wife's work decision, suggesting the dominance of the endowment channel over the preference channel. </p><p>Chapter 3 develops a novel framework for constructing nonlinear moment conditions in dynamic panel data models. I demonstrate that the nonlinear GMM estimator considerably mitigates the classical weak identification problem arising from two data generating processes: (i) the autoregressive parameter is close to the unit circle; (ii) the ratio of variances of individual heterogeneity and idiosyncratic errors diverges to infinity. I further derive analytical expressions for the bias term of the linear and nonlinear GMM estimators, and show that the use of nonlinear moments results in smaller finite sample bias. In simulation studies, the nonlinear GMM estimator performs well compared to both the difference and system GMM estimators. As an empirical illustration, I estimate the effect of class size reduction and private school attendance on student academic achievement using a value-added model with learning dynamics.</p></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/0w21x00r"><img src="/cms-assets/f3d45facc192b307b02103c08da7b16e5d9edf29eca6d8346cc81d2fe8cb3f6b" alt="Cover page: Essays on Labor Economics"/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-thesis">Thesis</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/6qv4309d"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Bridging the Familial and the Global: An Ethnographic Study of Family Language Policy in Beijing, China</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ALiu%2C%20Lu">Liu, Lu</a> </li><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><span class="c-authorlist__heading">Advisor(s):</span> <a href="/search/?q=author%3AMcCarty%2C%20Teresa%20L">McCarty, Teresa L</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucla_etd">UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations</a> (2019)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup"><p>This ethnographic study investigates the daily language practices in five Chinese middle class focal families and illuminates the parents’ beliefs about their mother language, English, and language learning in the globalizing post-industrial era. Building on a growing body of research on family language policy (FLP), the study asks an overarching question: What does FLP look like in these middle class families? Specifically, the dissertation seeks to answer these questions: 1) what do the children’s daily language practices look like? 2) How do the parents manage their children’s daily language practices? 3) What ideologies and beliefs about their mother language, English, and language learning do parents hold? In addition, the study explores why FLP matters in the larger contexts of the Chinese Open-up reform policy and processes of globalization. How do intimate language-mediated interactions within the home reflect and refract these larger sociopolitical, sociolinguistic, and economic processes? How might this study of FLP bridge the familial, the national, and the global, connecting family language practices, beliefs, and management strategies to national language policies and processes of globalization?</p><p>Findings show that children’s daily language practices incorporate four different types of Mandarin- and English-mediated activities which include daily routines, purposefully planned activities and naturally occurring activities. During the process of language management, parents and children negotiate in dynamic power relations whereby parents exert control and authority, and children display agency, resistance, and autonomy. Parents perceive languages as cultural practices, aesthetic entities, and utilitarian instruments. Findings also suggest that national political policies affect parents’ perceptions of education, language, and language learning, as well as parents’ language policymaking in the home. Larger sociocultural, political, and historical factors have great impact on parents’ ideologies about the construction of multiple language identities in the globalization trend. This study therefore fills a void in the educational linguistics scholarship by connecting the intimate familial domain of language policy with larger informal and formal language policies that privilege English and Mandarin. These language choices within the home among family members greatly influence children’s language acquisition and socialization, as well as their multiple language identity construction in the post-industrial era.</p></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/6qv4309d"><img src="/cms-assets/e84445027ed02749b56d9d1ac46687278e62b31894a96d78939d2e986b6e2a15" alt="Cover page: Bridging the Familial and the Global: An Ethnographic Study of Family Language Policy in Beijing, China"/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-thesis">Thesis</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/6hv5z7zh"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Robust Symbol Level Precoding Designs in Multiuser MIMO Systems</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ALiu%2C%20Lu">Liu, Lu</a> </li><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><span class="c-authorlist__heading">Advisor(s):</span> <a href="/search/?q=author%3ASwindlehurst%2C%20Lee%20LS">Swindlehurst, Lee LS</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/uci_etd">UC Irvine Electronic Theses and Dissertations</a> (2024)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup"><p> Multiple-user (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology, which involves using multiple antennas to simultaneously serve multiple users or devices, is a cornerstone of both 5G and 6G. The use of MIMO in ultra-dense networks with smaller cell sizes and more antennas will result in a proportional increase in both inter- and intra-cell interference. To manage the interference, precoding or beamforming is needed to steer the transmit signals towards intended users and mitigate interference.</p><p> Symbol level precoding (SLP) techniques exploit information about the symbols to be transmitted in addition to the channel state information (CSI), which can significantly improve performance at the expense of increased complexity at the transmitter. The additional degrees of freedom (DoF) provided by the symbol-level information make it possible to exploit the constructive component of the interference, converting it into constructive interference (CI) that can move the received signals further from the decision thresholds of the constellation points. CI-based SLP recasts the traditional viewpoint of interference as a source of degradation to one where interference is a potential resource that can be exploited.</p><p> In this dissertation, we firstly study the use of SLP in the downlink of a multiuser multiple-input-single-output (MU-MISO) cognitive radio (CR) network, where a primary base station (PBS) serving primary users (PUs) and a cognitive base station (CBS) serving cognitive users (CUs) share the same frequency band. The SLP approach is designed using the symbol-wise Maximum Safety Margin (MSM) criterion, which exploits the constructive multiuser interference present in such a network. We adapt the non-linear MSM precoder to both underlay and overlay CR scenarios, depending on whether or not the primary system shares its information with the cognitive system. Secondly, we investigate robust SLP designs in an overlay CR network, where the primary and secondary networks transmit signals concurrently, however, the PBS shares imperfect CSI with the CBS. We propose robust SLP schemes in this scenario and consider two different CSI error models. For the norm-bounded CSI error model, we adopt a max-min philosophy to conservatively achieve robust SLP constraints; for the additive quantization noise model (AQNM), we employ a stochastic constraint to formulate the problem. Simulation results show that, rather than simply trying to eliminate the network's cross-interference, the proposed robust SLP schemes enable the primary and secondary networks to aid each other in meeting their quality of service constraints. Moreover, we propose precoding design in multi-antenna systems with improper Gaussian interference (IGI), characterized by correlated real and imaginary parts. We first study block level precoding (BLP) and SLP assuming the receivers apply a pre-whitening filter to decorrelate and normalize the IGI. We then shift to the scenario where the base station (BS) incorporates the IGI statistics in the SLP design, which allows the receivers to employ a standard detection algorithm without pre-whitenting. Finally we address the case where the non-circularity of the IGI is unknown, and we formulate robust BLP and SLP designs that minimize the worst case performance in such settings. Interestingly, we show that for BLP, the worst-case IGI is in fact proper, while for SLP the worst case occurs when the interference signal is maximally improper, with fully correlated real and imaginary parts. The numerical results reveal the superior performance of SLP in terms of symbol error rate (SER) and energy efficiency (EE), especially for the case where there is uncertainty in the non-circularity of the jammer. </p></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/6hv5z7zh"><img src="/cms-assets/7c8b073aab12318d945efc7fa65c7e37035902ff5dd958202e1c6d6541d3c42e" alt="Cover page: Robust Symbol Level Precoding Designs in Multiuser MIMO Systems"/></a><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" class="c-scholworks__license"><img class="c-lazyimage" data-src="/images/cc-by-small.svg" alt="Creative Commons 'BY' version 4.0 license"/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/0mj3x6nd"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Safety Messaging Boosts Parental Vaccination Intention for Children Ages 5–11</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACui%2C%20Zhihan">Cui, Zhihan</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ALiu%2C%20Lu">Liu, Lu</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ALi%2C%20Dan">Li, Dan</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWu%2C%20Sherry%20Jueyu">Wu, Sherry Jueyu</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AZhai%2C%20Xinyue">Zhai, Xinyue</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucla_postprints">UCLA Previously Published Works</a> (2022)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup">The COVID-19 vaccination rate among children ages 5-11 is low in the U.S., with parental vaccine hesitancy being the primary cause. Current work suggests that safety and side effect concerns are the primary reasons for such vaccine hesitancy. This study explores whether this hesitancy can be mitigated with information interventions. Based on theories of health decision making and persuasion, we designed four information interventions with varying contents and lengths. We wrote two messages on vaccine safety (a detailed safety-long message and a succinct safety-short message), explaining the vaccine's lower dosage, low rate of side effects, and the rigorous approval process. We also had two messages on protection effects (protect-family, protect-child). We combined these four messages with a vaccine-irrelevant control message and compared their effects on parental vaccine intention. We measured the parental vaccination intention using a 0-6 Likert scale question. Among the four intervention groups, we found that the short version of the safety message increased the average vaccination intention by over 1 point compared to the control arm, while the other three interventions failed to show significance. Specifically, these effects are particularly pronounced (around 2 points) for Republican parents who had a much lower initial intention to vaccinate their children. Our study highlights the importance of concise and to-the-point information rendering in promoting public health activities and therefore has important policy implications for raising vaccination intentions among parents, especially those leaning towards more conservative political affiliation.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/0mj3x6nd"><img src="/cms-assets/eeecfbeea35592b5791d1427164a8bec8e8963946e88ff7ffad156cc0a3ec6ad" alt="Cover page: Safety Messaging Boosts Parental Vaccination Intention for Children Ages 5–11"/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/0v5793t5"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Visualization of Bacterial Microcompartment Facet Assembly Using High-Speed Atomic Force Microscopy</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASutter%2C%20Markus">Sutter, Markus</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AFaulkner%2C%20Matthew">Faulkner, Matthew</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAussignargues%2C%20Cle%CC%81ment">Aussignargues, Clément</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APaasch%2C%20Bradley%20C">Paasch, Bradley C</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABarrett%2C%20Steve">Barrett, Steve</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AKerfeld%2C%20Cheryl%20A">Kerfeld, Cheryl A</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ALiu%2C%20Lu-Ning">Liu, Lu-Ning</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/lbnl_rw">LBL Publications</a> (2016)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) are proteinaceous organelles widespread among bacterial phyla. They compartmentalize enzymes within a selectively permeable shell and play important roles in CO2 fixation, pathogenesis, and microbial ecology. Here, we combine X-ray crystallography and high-speed atomic force microscopy to characterize, at molecular resolution, the structure and dynamics of BMC shell facet assembly. Our results show that preformed hexamers assemble into uniformly oriented shell layers, a single hexamer thick. We also observe the dynamic process of shell facet assembly. Shell hexamers can dissociate from and incorporate into assembled sheets, indicating a flexible intermolecular interaction. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the self-assembly and dynamics of shell proteins are governed by specific contacts at the interfaces of shell proteins. Our study provides novel insights into the formation, interactions, and dynamics of BMC shell facets, which are essential for the design and engineering of self-assembled biological nanoreactors and scaffolds based on BMC architectures.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/0v5793t5"><img src="/cms-assets/b6ff1c70178aee3e526f8783ce12e405b244467a95865b7ffae805e3cf0517cd" alt="Cover page: Visualization of Bacterial Microcompartment Facet Assembly Using High-Speed Atomic Force Microscopy"/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/7kp468h0"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Cognitive-Behavioral Social Skills Training: Outcome of a Randomized Controlled Trial for Youth at Risk of Psychosis.</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACornblatt%2C%20Barbara">Cornblatt, Barbara</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AHolden%2C%20Jason">Holden, Jason</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AGranholm%2C%20Eric">Granholm, Eric</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAddington%2C%20Jean">Addington, Jean</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ALiu%2C%20Lu">Liu, Lu</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABraun%2C%20Amy">Braun, Amy</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABrummitt%2C%20Kali">Brummitt, Kali</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACadenhead%2C%20Kristin">Cadenhead, Kristin</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucsd_postprints">UC San Diego Previously Published Works</a> (2023)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup">AIM: Difficulties in social functioning have been observed in youth at clinical high-risk (CHR) of psychosis even in those who do not go on to develop a psychotic illness. Few treatment studies have attempted to improve social functioning in this population. The aim of this study was to conduct a randomized trial comparing the effects of Cognitive-Behavioral Social Skills Training (CBSST) with a supportive therapy (ST). METHODS: Both CBSST and ST were weekly group therapies, delivered over 18 weeks. This was a 2-arm trial with single-blinded ratings and intention-to-treat analyses. Assessments occurred at baseline, end-of-treatment, and 12 months after the baseline assessment. The primary outcome was social and role functioning and defeatist performance attitudes were the secondary outcome. Attenuated positive and negative symptoms, anxiety, depression, self-efficacy, and beliefs about self and others were examined as exploratory outcomes. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the 2 groups at baseline or either of the 2 follow-ups. However, at follow-ups, in each group there were significant improvements in clinical symptoms. These could not be attributed to group treatment since there was no control or wait-list group. CONCLUSIONS: Since poor social functioning is one of the most observed difficulties in CHR individuals, and a decline in social functioning may be a significant predictor of later transition to psychosis, future work will be needed to find effective treatments for this decline in functioning for CHR youth.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/7kp468h0"><img src="/cms-assets/2e89a78009d186425611d3cb86a26e58ae7b30acf423bb295f2303a903743f3b" alt="Cover page: Cognitive-Behavioral Social Skills Training: Outcome of a Randomized Controlled Trial for Youth at Risk of Psychosis."/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/49k4z4c1"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Purification of Residual Ni and Co Hydroxides from Fe‐Free Alkaline Electrolyte for Electrocatalysis Studies</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ALiu%2C%20Lu">Liu, Lu</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ATwight%2C%20Liam%20P">Twight, Liam P</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AFehrs%2C%20Jessica%20L">Fehrs, Jessica L</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AOu%2C%20Yingqing">Ou, Yingqing</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASun%2C%20Deen">Sun, Deen</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABoettcher%2C%20Shannon%20W">Boettcher, Shannon W</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucb_postprints">UC Berkeley Previously Published Works</a> (2022)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup">It is critical to control Fe impurity concentrations in oxygen-evolution-reaction electrocatalysis experiments so that unambiguous assignments of activity and mechanistic details can be made. An established method to prepare Fe-free KOH electrolyte is by using particulate Ni(OH)2 or Co(OH)2 as absorbents to remove the Fe from KOH or other neutral-to-alkaline electrolytes. However, this method yields residual Ni or Co species in the electrolyte which can be redeposited on the working electrode. Thus, current methods of Fe removal could convolute studies of OER. In this work, we compared two different methods, continuous electrolysis and nano-filtration, to remove the Ni and/or Co species from Fe-free alkaline electrolyte. We found the best approach is to pass the Fe-free electrolyte through a hydrophilic 0.1 μm polyethersulfone filter which decreases the Ni species concentration in 1 M KOH to single ppb levels. This result suggests the remaining Ni or Co species are primarily particulate in nature, consistent with their small solubility as ions. In comparison, extended pre-electrolysis of the electrolyte removed only a portion of the Ni/Co.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/49k4z4c1"><img src="/cms-assets/5f0eb0b80ac95b7d918ce8537f5a7228714efaf2a470bf895c370257c3324dcf" alt="Cover page: Purification of Residual Ni and Co Hydroxides from Fe‐Free Alkaline Electrolyte for Electrocatalysis Studies"/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/23r3p0mp"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Cognitive-Behavioural Social Skills Training: Mediation of Treatment Outcomes in a Randomized Controlled Trial for Youth at Risk of Psychosis: Lentraînement aux compétences sociales cognitivo-comportementales : variables médiatrices des résultats thérapeutiques dans le cadre dun essai clinique randomisé pour les jeunes présentant un risque de psychose.</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ADevoe%2C%20Daniel">Devoe, Daniel</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ALiu%2C%20Lu">Liu, Lu</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABraun%2C%20Amy">Braun, Amy</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACadenhead%2C%20Kristin">Cadenhead, Kristin</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACornblatt%2C%20Barbara">Cornblatt, Barbara</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AGranholm%2C%20Eric">Granholm, Eric</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAddington%2C%20Jean">Addington, Jean</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucsd_postprints">UC San Diego Previously Published Works</a> (2024)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup">OBJECTIVES: Currently, there are no effective treatments for functional outcomes (i.e., role and social) and negative symptoms for youth at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis. Investigations into possible mechanisms that may contribute to the improvement of functioning and negative symptoms are needed in CHR research to help inform psychosocial treatments. The present study examined whether functioning and negative symptoms were mediated by asocial beliefs, defeatist beliefs, self-efficacy, maladaptive schemas, anxiety, depression, social cognition, or attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS) in a large clinical trial. METHODS: CHR participants (n = 203; 104 females; 99 males) were recruited as part of a three-site randomized control trial comparing group cognitive-behavioural social skills training (CBSST) versus a supportive therapy group. Mediation analyses were conducted to test the relationships between treatment group, mediators (asocial beliefs, defeatist beliefs, self-efficacy, maladaptive schemas, anxiety, depression, social cognition, and APS), and outcome (social and role functioning, and negative symptoms). The mediation analyses employed conditional process path analysis via ordinary least squares regression. RESULTS: At the end of treatment, but not 12-month follow-up, more severe APS were found to mediate the impact of treatment on negative symptoms, and social and role functioning. The greater the severity of APS, the less likely that CBSST would result in improvement in negative symptoms and social and role functioning. Many of the other variables showed significant associations with social (less for role) functioning and negative symptoms but did not mediate the effect of treatment on these outcomes at the end of treatment or 12-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant mediators except for APS at the end of treatment. Since more severe APS may result in participants being unable to fully participate in therapy and thus limit their gains, clinical implications may include offering some individual therapy to prepare these young people to benefit from the group treatment.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/23r3p0mp"><img src="/cms-assets/52266e39e5452cd26b38f15e1699fc684261f517c5c5ccc1b61249127d187299" alt="Cover page: Cognitive-Behavioural Social Skills Training: Mediation of Treatment Outcomes in a Randomized Controlled Trial for Youth at Risk of Psychosis: Lentraînement aux compétences sociales cognitivo-comportementales : variables médiatrices des résultats thérapeutiques dans le cadre dun essai clinique randomisé pour les jeunes présentant un risque de psychose."/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/2qn9z8xp"><div class="c-clientmarkup">A Scale-Free, Fully Connected Global Transition Network Underlies Known Microbiome Diversity</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AJing%2C%20Gongchao">Jing, Gongchao</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AZhang%2C%20Yufeng">Zhang, Yufeng</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ALiu%2C%20Lu">Liu, Lu</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWang%2C%20Zengbin">Wang, Zengbin</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASun%2C%20Zheng">Sun, Zheng</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AKnight%2C%20Rob">Knight, Rob</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASu%2C%20Xiaoquan">Su, Xiaoquan</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AXu%2C%20Jian">Xu, Jian</a> </li><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><span class="c-authorlist__heading">Editor(s):</span> <a href="/search/?q=author%3ABucci%2C%20Vanni">Bucci, Vanni</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucsd_postprints">UC San Diego Previously Published Works</a> (2021)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Microbiomes are inherently linked by their structural similarity, yet the global features of such similarity are not clear. Here, we propose as a solution a search-based microbiome transition network. By traversing a composition-similarity-based network of 177,022 microbiomes, we show that although the compositions are distinct by habitat, each microbiome is on-average only seven neighbors from any other microbiome on Earth, indicating the inherent homology of microbiomes at the global scale. This network is scale-free, suggesting a high degree of stability and robustness in microbiome transition. By tracking the minimum spanning tree in this network, a global roadmap of microbiome dispersal was derived that tracks the potential paths of formulating and propagating microbiome diversity. Such search-based global microbiome networks, reconstructed within hours on just one computing node, provide a readily expanded reference for tracing the origin and evolution of existing or new microbiomes. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> It remains unclear whether and how compositional changes at the "community to community" level among microbiomes are linked to the origin and evolution of global microbiome diversity. Here we propose a microbiome transition model and a network-based analysis framework to describe and simulate the variation and dispersal of the global microbial beta-diversity across multiple habitats. The traversal of a transition network with 177,022 samples shows the inherent homology of microbiome at the global scale. Then a global roadmap of microbiome dispersal derived from the network tracks the potential paths of formulating and propagating microbiome diversity. Such search-based microbiome network provides a readily expanded reference for tracing the origin and evolution of existing or new microbiomes at the global scale.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/2qn9z8xp"><img src="/cms-assets/1d06b1d32858272162453a514863211203c0b4420b0b3e9906a1c56f93b34854" alt="Cover page: A Scale-Free, Fully Connected Global Transition Network Underlies Known Microbiome Diversity"/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/6bp496tk"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Increasing tropical cyclone intensity in the western North Pacific partly driven by warming Tibetan Plateau.</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AXu%2C%20Jing">Xu, Jing</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AZhao%2C%20Ping">Zhao, Ping</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AChan%2C%20Johnny">Chan, Johnny</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AShi%2C%20Mingyuan">Shi, Mingyuan</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AYang%2C%20Chi">Yang, Chi</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AZhao%2C%20Siyu">Zhao, Siyu</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AXu%2C%20Ying">Xu, Ying</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AChen%2C%20Junming">Chen, Junming</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ADu%2C%20Ling">Du, Ling</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWu%2C%20Jie">Wu, Jie</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AYe%2C%20Jiaxin">Ye, Jiaxin</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AXing%2C%20Rui">Xing, Rui</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWang%2C%20Huimei">Wang, Huimei</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ALiu%2C%20Lu">Liu, Lu</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucla_postprints">UCLA Previously Published Works</a> (2024)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup">The increase in intense tropical cyclone (TC) activity across the western North Pacific (WNP) has often been attributed to a warming ocean. However, it is essential to recognize that the tropical WNP region already boasts high temperatures, and a marginal increase in oceanic warmth due to global warming does not exert a significant impact on the potential for TCs to intensify. Here we report that the weakened vertical wind shear is the primary driver behind the escalating trend in TC intensity within the summer monsoon trough of the tropical WNP, while local ocean surface and subsurface thermodynamic factors play a minor role. Through observational diagnoses and numerical simulations, we establish that this weakening of the vertical wind shear is very likely due to the increase in temperature of the Tibetan Plateau. With further warming of the Tibetan Plateau under the Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 scenario, the projected TCs will likely become stronger.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/6bp496tk"><img src="/cms-assets/b22ff14eecf83c2ecfda53d041155d67b88488883a3bc7ccd37cd99999cdc405" alt="Cover page: Increasing tropical cyclone intensity in the western North Pacific partly driven by warming Tibetan Plateau."/></a></div></section><nav class="c-pagination"><ul><li><a href="" aria-label="you are on result set 1" class="c-pagination__item--current">1</a></li><li><a href="" aria-label="go to result set 2" class="c-pagination__item">2</a></li><li><a href="" aria-label="go to result set 3" class="c-pagination__item">3</a></li></ul></nav></section></main></form></div><div><div class="c-toplink"><a href="javascript:window.scrollTo(0, 0)">Top</a></div><footer class="c-footer"><nav class="c-footer__nav"><ul><li><a href="/">Home</a></li><li><a href="/aboutEschol">About eScholarship</a></li><li><a href="/campuses">Campus Sites</a></li><li><a href="/ucoapolicies">UC Open Access Policy</a></li><li><a href="/publishing">eScholarship Publishing</a></li><li><a href="https://www.cdlib.org/about/accessibility.html">Accessibility</a></li><li><a href="/privacypolicy">Privacy Statement</a></li><li><a href="/policies">Site Policies</a></li><li><a href="/terms">Terms of Use</a></li><li><a href="/login"><strong>Admin Login</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://help.escholarship.org"><strong>Help</strong></a></li></ul></nav><div class="c-footer__logo"><a href="/"><img class="c-lazyimage" data-src="/images/logo_footer-eschol.svg" alt="eScholarship, University of California"/></a></div><div class="c-footer__copyright">Powered by the<br/><a href="http://www.cdlib.org">California Digital Library</a><br/>Copyright © 2017<br/>The Regents of the University of California</div></footer></div></div></div></div> <script>window.jscholApp_initialPageData = {"header":{"campusID":"root","campusName":"eScholarship","ancestorID":null,"ancestorName":null,"campuses":[{"id":"","name":"eScholarship at..."},{"id":"ucb","name":"UC Berkeley"},{"id":"ucd","name":"UC Davis"},{"id":"uci","name":"UC Irvine"},{"id":"ucla","name":"UCLA"},{"id":"ucm","name":"UC Merced"},{"id":"ucr","name":"UC Riverside"},{"id":"ucsd","name":"UC San Diego"},{"id":"ucsf","name":"UCSF"},{"id":"ucsb","name":"UC Santa Barbara"},{"id":"ucsc","name":"UC Santa Cruz"},{"id":"ucop","name":"UC Office of the President"},{"id":"lbnl","name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory"},{"id":"anrcs","name":"UC Agriculture & Natural Resources"}],"logo":null,"bgColor":null,"elColor":null,"directSubmit":null,"directSubmitURL":null,"directManageURLauthor":null,"directManageURLeditor":null,"nav_bar":[{"id":1,"name":"About eScholarship","type":"folder","sub_nav":[{"id":5,"name":"About eScholarship","slug":"aboutEschol","type":"page","url":"/aboutEschol"},{"id":11,"name":"eScholarship Repository","slug":"repository","type":"page","url":"/repository"},{"id":28,"url":"/publishing","name":"eScholarship Publishing","type":"link"},{"id":29,"name":"Site policies","slug":"policies","type":"page","url":"/policies"},{"id":13,"name":"Terms of Use and Copyright Information","slug":"terms","type":"page","url":"/terms"},{"id":26,"name":"Coming soon","slug":"comingSoon","type":"page","hidden":true,"url":"/comingSoon"},{"id":27,"name":"Privacy statement","slug":"privacyPolicy","type":"page","url":"/privacyPolicy"}]},{"id":2,"name":"Campus Sites","type":"folder","sub_nav":[{"id":15,"url":"/uc/ucb","name":"UC Berkeley","type":"link"},{"id":16,"url":"/uc/ucd","name":"UC Davis","type":"link"},{"id":17,"url":"/uc/uci","name":"UC Irvine","type":"link"},{"id":6,"url":"/uc/ucla","name":"UCLA","type":"link"},{"id":18,"url":"/uc/ucm","name":"UC Merced","type":"link"},{"id":19,"url":"/uc/ucr","name":"UC Riverside","type":"link"},{"id":20,"url":"/uc/ucsd","name":"UC San Diego","type":"link"},{"id":9,"url":"/uc/ucsf","name":"UCSF","type":"link"},{"id":21,"url":"/uc/ucsb","name":"UC Santa Barbara","type":"link"},{"id":22,"url":"/uc/ucsc","name":"UC Santa Cruz","type":"link"},{"id":23,"url":"/uc/ucop","name":"UC Office of the President","type":"link"},{"id":24,"url":"/uc/lbnl","name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","type":"link"},{"id":25,"url":"/uc/anrcs","name":"UC Agriculture & Natural Resources","type":"link"}]},{"id":10,"name":"UC Open Access Policies","slug":"ucoapolicies","type":"page","url":"/ucoapolicies"},{"id":12,"name":"eScholarship Publishing","slug":"publishing","type":"page","url":"/publishing"}],"social":{"facebook":null,"twitter":null,"rss":"/rss/unit/root"},"breadcrumb":[{"name":"eScholarship","id":"root","url":"/"}]},"campuses":[{"id":"","name":"eScholarship at..."},{"id":"ucb","name":"UC Berkeley"},{"id":"ucd","name":"UC Davis"},{"id":"uci","name":"UC Irvine"},{"id":"ucla","name":"UCLA"},{"id":"ucm","name":"UC Merced"},{"id":"ucr","name":"UC Riverside"},{"id":"ucsd","name":"UC San Diego"},{"id":"ucsf","name":"UCSF"},{"id":"ucsb","name":"UC Santa Barbara"},{"id":"ucsc","name":"UC Santa Cruz"},{"id":"ucop","name":"UC Office of the President"},{"id":"lbnl","name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory"},{"id":"anrcs","name":"UC Agriculture & Natural Resources"}],"query":{"q":"author:Liu, Lu","sort":"rel","rows":"10","info_start":"0","start":"0","filters":{}},"count":26,"info_count":0,"infoResults":[],"searchResults":[{"id":"qt0w21x00r","title":"Essays on Labor Economics","abstract":"<p>This dissertation contributes towards our understanding of Labor Economics and Applied Econometrics. It consists of three chapters. The first two chapters shed light on the determinants of female labor supply behavior by connecting theory to household-level data. The third chapter studies the nonlinear generalized method of moments (GMM) in dynamic panels and its application to value-added models of learning.</p><p>In Chapter 1, I propose that the rising sex ratio (number of males per female) imbalance has been an important factor in the recent feminization of rural-to-urban migration in China. To establish this connection, I first develop a three-player noncooperative household model in which both the parents and the daughter contribute time or money to improve the well-being of sons. The local sex ratio can affect the players' choices via two channels: either by influencing the preference towards sons, or by imposing negative impact on sons' welfare due to intensified marriage market competition. My model predicts that daughters are more likely to participate in migratory work when the local sex ratio is higher. Drawing on data from Rural-Urban Migration in China Survey, I then test the hypothesis by comparing unmarried rural women with brothers and those without brothers when conditioning on family size. My identification strategy exploits the exogenous variation in the number of brothers a rural woman has that comes from the randomness in parental sibling structure. I show that an increase in the local sex ratio significantly raises the probability of becoming a migrant worker for unmarried rural women who have brothers, while no significant effect is observed among those without brothers. The positive link is stronger for rural women who have a larger number of brothers or whose brothers are relatively younger. I also discover that around 40% of the increase in rural female labor migration rate from 1990 to 2000 could be explained by the changes in the sex ratio. I further find evidence in favor of the marriage market pressure mechanism. </p><p>Chapter 2 (joint work with Zhongda Li) examines the intergenerational determinants of women's labor force participation decision. Existing studies have established a positive correlation between a married woman's work behavior and her mother-in-law's. Such linkage is attributable to the profound influence of maternal employment on son's gender role preferences or household productivity. In this chapter we investigate the relative importance of the two potential mechanisms using the Chinese survey data. We show that a substantive part of the intergenerational correlation is left unexplained even if we control for the husband's gender role attitudes. Instead, we find that the husband's household productivity is more crucial in the wife's work decision, suggesting the dominance of the endowment channel over the preference channel. </p><p>Chapter 3 develops a novel framework for constructing nonlinear moment conditions in dynamic panel data models. I demonstrate that the nonlinear GMM estimator considerably mitigates the classical weak identification problem arising from two data generating processes: (i) the autoregressive parameter is close to the unit circle; (ii) the ratio of variances of individual heterogeneity and idiosyncratic errors diverges to infinity. I further derive analytical expressions for the bias term of the linear and nonlinear GMM estimators, and show that the use of nonlinear moments results in smaller finite sample bias. In simulation studies, the nonlinear GMM estimator performs well compared to both the difference and system GMM estimators. As an empirical illustration, I estimate the effect of class size reduction and private school attendance on student academic achievement using a value-added model with learning dynamics.</p>","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Liu, Lu","fname":"Lu","lname":"Liu"}],"advisors":[{"name":"von Wachter, Till","fname":"Till","lname":"von Wachter"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":167,"asset_id":"f3d45facc192b307b02103c08da7b16e5d9edf29eca6d8346cc81d2fe8cb3f6b","timestamp":1591205619,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2020,"genre":"dissertation","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations","link_path":"ucla_etd"}},{"id":"qt6qv4309d","title":"Bridging the Familial and the Global: An Ethnographic Study of Family Language Policy in Beijing, China","abstract":"<p>This ethnographic study investigates the daily language practices in five Chinese middle class focal families and illuminates the parents\u2019 beliefs about their mother language, English, and language learning in the globalizing post-industrial era. Building on a growing body of research on family language policy (FLP), the study asks an overarching question: What does FLP look like in these middle class families? Specifically, the dissertation seeks to answer these questions: 1) what do the children\u2019s daily language practices look like? 2) How do the parents manage their children\u2019s daily language practices? 3) What ideologies and beliefs about their mother language, English, and language learning do parents hold? In addition, the study explores why FLP matters in the larger contexts of the Chinese Open-up reform policy and processes of globalization. How do intimate language-mediated interactions within the home reflect and refract these larger sociopolitical, sociolinguistic, and economic processes? How might this study of FLP bridge the familial, the national, and the global, connecting family language practices, beliefs, and management strategies to national language policies and processes of globalization?</p><p>Findings show that children\u2019s daily language practices incorporate four different types of Mandarin- and English-mediated activities which include daily routines, purposefully planned activities and naturally occurring activities. During the process of language management, parents and children negotiate in dynamic power relations whereby parents exert control and authority, and children display agency, resistance, and autonomy. Parents perceive languages as cultural practices, aesthetic entities, and utilitarian instruments. Findings also suggest that national political policies affect parents\u2019 perceptions of education, language, and language learning, as well as parents\u2019 language policymaking in the home. Larger sociocultural, political, and historical factors have great impact on parents\u2019 ideologies about the construction of multiple language identities in the globalization trend. This study therefore fills a void in the educational linguistics scholarship by connecting the intimate familial domain of language policy with larger informal and formal language policies that privilege English and Mandarin. These language choices within the home among family members greatly influence children\u2019s language acquisition and socialization, as well as their multiple language identity construction in the post-industrial era.</p>","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Liu, Lu","fname":"Lu","lname":"Liu"}],"advisors":[{"name":"McCarty, Teresa L","fname":"Teresa","lname":"McCarty","mname":"L"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":166,"asset_id":"e84445027ed02749b56d9d1ac46687278e62b31894a96d78939d2e986b6e2a15","timestamp":1599931431,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2019,"genre":"dissertation","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations","link_path":"ucla_etd"}},{"id":"qt6hv5z7zh","title":"Robust Symbol Level Precoding Designs in Multiuser MIMO Systems","abstract":"<p> Multiple-user (MU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology, which involves using multiple antennas to simultaneously serve multiple users or devices, is a cornerstone of both 5G and 6G. The use of MIMO in ultra-dense networks with smaller cell sizes and more antennas will result in a proportional increase in both inter- and intra-cell interference. To manage the interference, precoding or beamforming is needed to steer the transmit signals towards intended users and mitigate interference.</p><p> Symbol level precoding (SLP) techniques exploit information about the symbols to be transmitted in addition to the channel state information (CSI), which can significantly improve performance at the expense of increased complexity at the transmitter. The additional degrees of freedom (DoF) provided by the symbol-level information make it possible to exploit the constructive component of the interference, converting it into constructive interference (CI) that can move the received signals further from the decision thresholds of the constellation points. CI-based SLP recasts the traditional viewpoint of interference as a source of degradation to one where interference is a potential resource that can be exploited.</p><p> In this dissertation, we firstly study the use of SLP in the downlink of a multiuser multiple-input-single-output (MU-MISO) cognitive radio (CR) network, where a primary base station (PBS) serving primary users (PUs) and a cognitive base station (CBS) serving cognitive users (CUs) share the same frequency band. The SLP approach is designed using the symbol-wise Maximum Safety Margin (MSM) criterion, which exploits the constructive multiuser interference present in such a network. We adapt the non-linear MSM precoder to both underlay and overlay CR scenarios, depending on whether or not the primary system shares its information with the cognitive system. Secondly, we investigate robust SLP designs in an overlay CR network, where the primary and secondary networks transmit signals concurrently, however, the PBS shares imperfect CSI with the CBS. We propose robust SLP schemes in this scenario and consider two different CSI error models. For the norm-bounded CSI error model, we adopt a max-min philosophy to conservatively achieve robust SLP constraints; for the additive quantization noise model (AQNM), we employ a stochastic constraint to formulate the problem. Simulation results show that, rather than simply trying to eliminate the network's cross-interference, the proposed robust SLP schemes enable the primary and secondary networks to aid each other in meeting their quality of service constraints. \n Moreover, we propose precoding design in multi-antenna systems with improper Gaussian interference (IGI), characterized by correlated real and imaginary parts. We first study block level precoding (BLP) and SLP assuming the receivers apply a pre-whitening filter to decorrelate and normalize the IGI. We then shift to the scenario where the base station (BS) incorporates the IGI statistics in the SLP design, which allows the receivers to employ a standard detection algorithm without pre-whitenting. Finally we address the case where the non-circularity of the IGI is unknown, and we formulate robust BLP and SLP designs that minimize the worst case performance in such settings. Interestingly, we show that for BLP, the worst-case IGI is in fact proper, while for SLP the worst case occurs when the interference signal is maximally improper, with fully correlated real and imaginary parts. The numerical results reveal the superior performance of SLP in terms of symbol error rate (SER) and energy efficiency (EE), especially for the case where there is uncertainty in the non-circularity of the jammer. </p>","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Liu, Lu","fname":"Lu","lname":"Liu"}],"advisors":[{"name":"Swindlehurst, Lee LS","fname":"Lee","lname":"Swindlehurst","mname":"LS"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":162,"asset_id":"7c8b073aab12318d945efc7fa65c7e37035902ff5dd958202e1c6d6541d3c42e","timestamp":1722878879,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2024,"genre":"dissertation","rights":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC Irvine Electronic Theses and Dissertations","link_path":"uci_etd"}},{"id":"qt0mj3x6nd","title":"Safety Messaging Boosts Parental Vaccination Intention for Children Ages 5\u201311","abstract":"The COVID-19 vaccination rate among children ages 5-11 is low in the U.S., with parental vaccine hesitancy being the primary cause. Current work suggests that safety and side effect concerns are the primary reasons for such vaccine hesitancy. This study explores whether this hesitancy can be mitigated with information interventions. Based on theories of health decision making and persuasion, we designed four information interventions with varying contents and lengths. We wrote two messages on vaccine safety (a detailed safety-long message and a succinct safety-short message), explaining the vaccine's lower dosage, low rate of side effects, and the rigorous approval process. We also had two messages on protection effects (protect-family, protect-child). We combined these four messages with a vaccine-irrelevant control message and compared their effects on parental vaccine intention. We measured the parental vaccination intention using a 0-6 Likert scale question. Among the four intervention groups, we found that the short version of the safety message increased the average vaccination intention by over 1 point compared to the control arm, while the other three interventions failed to show significance. Specifically, these effects are particularly pronounced (around 2 points) for Republican parents who had a much lower initial intention to vaccinate their children. Our study highlights the importance of concise and to-the-point information rendering in promoting public health activities and therefore has important policy implications for raising vaccination intentions among parents, especially those leaning towards more conservative political affiliation.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Cui, Zhihan","email":"zhihan.cui@anderson.ucla.edu","fname":"Zhihan","lname":"Cui"},{"name":"Liu, Lu","fname":"Lu","lname":"Liu"},{"name":"Li, Dan","fname":"Dan","lname":"Li"},{"name":"Wu, Sherry Jueyu","fname":"Sherry Jueyu","lname":"Wu"},{"name":"Zhai, Xinyue","fname":"Xinyue","lname":"Zhai"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":177,"asset_id":"eeecfbeea35592b5791d1427164a8bec8e8963946e88ff7ffad156cc0a3ec6ad","timestamp":1689870663,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2022,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UCLA Previously Published Works","link_path":"ucla_postprints"}},{"id":"qt0v5793t5","title":"Visualization of Bacterial Microcompartment Facet Assembly Using High-Speed Atomic Force Microscopy","abstract":"Bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) are proteinaceous organelles widespread among bacterial phyla. They compartmentalize enzymes within a selectively permeable shell and play important roles in CO2 fixation, pathogenesis, and microbial ecology. Here, we combine X-ray crystallography and high-speed atomic force microscopy to characterize, at molecular resolution, the structure and dynamics of BMC shell facet assembly. Our results show that preformed hexamers assemble into uniformly oriented shell layers, a single hexamer thick. We also observe the dynamic process of shell facet assembly. Shell hexamers can dissociate from and incorporate into assembled sheets, indicating a flexible intermolecular interaction. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the self-assembly and dynamics of shell proteins are governed by specific contacts at the interfaces of shell proteins. Our study provides novel insights into the formation, interactions, and dynamics of BMC shell facets, which are essential for the design and engineering of self-assembled biological nanoreactors and scaffolds based on BMC architectures.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Sutter, Markus","email":"MSutter@lbl.gov","fname":"Markus","lname":"Sutter","ORCID_id":"0000-0001-6290-4820"},{"name":"Faulkner, Matthew","fname":"Matthew","lname":"Faulkner"},{"name":"Aussignargues, Cle\u0301ment","fname":"Cle\u0301ment","lname":"Aussignargues"},{"name":"Paasch, Bradley C","fname":"Bradley C","lname":"Paasch"},{"name":"Barrett, Steve","fname":"Steve","lname":"Barrett"},{"name":"Kerfeld, Cheryl A","fname":"Cheryl A","lname":"Kerfeld"},{"name":"Liu, Lu-Ning","fname":"Lu-Ning","lname":"Liu"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":160,"asset_id":"b6ff1c70178aee3e526f8783ce12e405b244467a95865b7ffae805e3cf0517cd","timestamp":1513896686,"image_type":"jpeg"},"pub_year":2016,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"LBL Publications","link_path":"lbnl_rw"}},{"id":"qt7kp468h0","title":"Cognitive-Behavioral Social Skills Training: Outcome of a Randomized Controlled Trial for Youth at Risk of Psychosis.","abstract":"AIM: Difficulties in social functioning have been observed in youth at clinical high-risk (CHR) of psychosis even in those who do not go on to develop a psychotic illness. Few treatment studies have attempted to improve social functioning in this population. The aim of this study was to conduct a randomized trial comparing the effects of Cognitive-Behavioral Social Skills Training (CBSST) with a supportive therapy (ST). METHODS: Both CBSST and ST were weekly group therapies, delivered over 18 weeks. This was a 2-arm trial with single-blinded ratings and intention-to-treat analyses. Assessments occurred at baseline, end-of-treatment, and 12 months after the baseline assessment. The primary outcome was social and role functioning and defeatist performance attitudes were the secondary outcome. Attenuated positive and negative symptoms, anxiety, depression, self-efficacy, and beliefs about self and others were examined as exploratory outcomes. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the 2 groups at baseline or either of the 2 follow-ups. However, at follow-ups, in each group there were significant improvements in clinical symptoms. These could not be attributed to group treatment since there was no control or wait-list group. CONCLUSIONS: Since poor social functioning is one of the most observed difficulties in CHR individuals, and a decline in social functioning may be a significant predictor of later transition to psychosis, future work will be needed to find effective treatments for this decline in functioning for CHR youth.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Cornblatt, Barbara","fname":"Barbara","lname":"Cornblatt"},{"name":"Holden, Jason","fname":"Jason","lname":"Holden"},{"name":"Granholm, Eric","fname":"Eric","lname":"Granholm"},{"name":"Addington, Jean","fname":"Jean","lname":"Addington"},{"name":"Liu, Lu","fname":"Lu","lname":"Liu"},{"name":"Braun, Amy","fname":"Amy","lname":"Braun"},{"name":"Brummitt, Kali","fname":"Kali","lname":"Brummitt"},{"name":"Cadenhead, Kristin","email":"kcadenhead@ucsd.edu","fname":"Kristin","lname":"Cadenhead"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":165,"asset_id":"2e89a78009d186425611d3cb86a26e58ae7b30acf423bb295f2303a903743f3b","timestamp":1695148136,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2023,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC San Diego Previously Published Works","link_path":"ucsd_postprints"}},{"id":"qt49k4z4c1","title":"Purification of Residual Ni and Co Hydroxides from Fe\u2010Free Alkaline Electrolyte for Electrocatalysis Studies","abstract":"It is critical to control Fe impurity concentrations in oxygen-evolution-reaction electrocatalysis experiments so that unambiguous assignments of activity and mechanistic details can be made. An established method to prepare Fe-free KOH electrolyte is by using particulate Ni(OH)2 or Co(OH)2 as absorbents to remove the Fe from KOH or other neutral-to-alkaline electrolytes. However, this method yields residual Ni or Co species in the electrolyte which can be redeposited on the working electrode. Thus, current methods of Fe removal could convolute studies of OER. In this work, we compared two different methods, continuous electrolysis and nano-filtration, to remove the Ni and/or Co species from Fe-free alkaline electrolyte. We found the best approach is to pass the Fe-free electrolyte through a hydrophilic 0.1 \u03BCm polyethersulfone filter which decreases the Ni species concentration in 1 M KOH to single ppb levels. This result suggests the remaining Ni or Co species are primarily particulate in nature, consistent with their small solubility as ions. In comparison, extended pre-electrolysis of the electrolyte removed only a portion of the Ni/Co.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Liu, Lu","fname":"Lu","lname":"Liu"},{"name":"Twight, Liam P","fname":"Liam P","lname":"Twight"},{"name":"Fehrs, Jessica L","fname":"Jessica L","lname":"Fehrs"},{"name":"Ou, Yingqing","fname":"Yingqing","lname":"Ou"},{"name":"Sun, Deen","fname":"Deen","lname":"Sun"},{"name":"Boettcher, Shannon W","email":"boettcher@berkeley.edu","fname":"Shannon W","lname":"Boettcher","ORCID_id":"0000-0001-8971-9123"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":165,"asset_id":"5f0eb0b80ac95b7d918ce8537f5a7228714efaf2a470bf895c370257c3324dcf","timestamp":1722620370,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2022,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC Berkeley Previously Published Works","link_path":"ucb_postprints"}},{"id":"qt23r3p0mp","title":"Cognitive-Behavioural Social Skills Training: Mediation of Treatment Outcomes in a Randomized Controlled Trial for Youth at Risk of Psychosis: Lentra\u00EEnement aux comp\u00E9tences sociales cognitivo-comportementales : variables m\u00E9diatrices des r\u00E9sultats th\u00E9rapeutiques dans le cadre dun essai clinique randomis\u00E9 pour les jeunes pr\u00E9sentant un risque de psychose.","abstract":"OBJECTIVES: Currently, there are no effective treatments for functional outcomes (i.e., role and social) and negative symptoms for youth at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis. Investigations into possible mechanisms that may contribute to the improvement of functioning and negative symptoms are needed in CHR research to help inform psychosocial treatments. The present study examined whether functioning and negative symptoms were mediated by asocial beliefs, defeatist beliefs, self-efficacy, maladaptive schemas, anxiety, depression, social cognition, or attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS) in a large clinical trial. METHODS: CHR participants (n\u2009=\u2009203; 104 females; 99 males) were recruited as part of a three-site randomized control trial comparing group cognitive-behavioural social skills training (CBSST) versus a supportive therapy group. Mediation analyses were conducted to test the relationships between treatment group, mediators (asocial beliefs, defeatist beliefs, self-efficacy, maladaptive schemas, anxiety, depression, social cognition, and APS), and outcome (social and role functioning, and negative symptoms). The mediation analyses employed conditional process path analysis via ordinary least squares regression. RESULTS: At the end of treatment, but not 12-month follow-up, more severe APS were found to mediate the impact of treatment on negative symptoms, and social and role functioning. The greater the severity of APS, the less likely that CBSST would result in improvement in negative symptoms and social and role functioning. Many of the other variables showed significant associations with social (less for role) functioning and negative symptoms but did not mediate the effect of treatment on these outcomes at the end of treatment or 12-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant mediators except for APS at the end of treatment. Since more severe APS may result in participants being unable to fully participate in therapy and thus limit their gains, clinical implications may include offering some individual therapy to prepare these young people to benefit from the group treatment.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Devoe, Daniel","fname":"Daniel","lname":"Devoe"},{"name":"Liu, Lu","fname":"Lu","lname":"Liu"},{"name":"Braun, Amy","fname":"Amy","lname":"Braun"},{"name":"Cadenhead, Kristin","fname":"Kristin","lname":"Cadenhead"},{"name":"Cornblatt, Barbara","fname":"Barbara","lname":"Cornblatt"},{"name":"Granholm, Eric","fname":"Eric","lname":"Granholm"},{"name":"Addington, Jean","fname":"Jean","lname":"Addington"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":168,"asset_id":"52266e39e5452cd26b38f15e1699fc684261f517c5c5ccc1b61249127d187299","timestamp":1732635410,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2024,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC San Diego Previously Published Works","link_path":"ucsd_postprints"}},{"id":"qt2qn9z8xp","title":"A Scale-Free, Fully Connected Global Transition Network Underlies Known Microbiome Diversity","abstract":"Microbiomes are inherently linked by their structural similarity, yet the global features of such similarity are not clear. Here, we propose as a solution a search-based microbiome transition network. By traversing a composition-similarity-based network of 177,022 microbiomes, we show that although the compositions are distinct by habitat, each microbiome is on-average only seven neighbors from any other microbiome on Earth, indicating the inherent homology of microbiomes at the global scale. This network is scale-free, suggesting a high degree of stability and robustness in microbiome transition. By tracking the minimum spanning tree in this network, a global roadmap of microbiome dispersal was derived that tracks the potential paths of formulating and propagating microbiome diversity. Such search-based global microbiome networks, reconstructed within hours on just one computing node, provide a readily expanded reference for tracing the origin and evolution of existing or new microbiomes. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> It remains unclear whether and how compositional changes at the \"community to community\" level among microbiomes are linked to the origin and evolution of global microbiome diversity. Here we propose a microbiome transition model and a network-based analysis framework to describe and simulate the variation and dispersal of the global microbial beta-diversity across multiple habitats. The traversal of a transition network with 177,022 samples shows the inherent homology of microbiome at the global scale. Then a global roadmap of microbiome dispersal derived from the network tracks the potential paths of formulating and propagating microbiome diversity. Such search-based microbiome network provides a readily expanded reference for tracing the origin and evolution of existing or new microbiomes at the global scale.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Jing, Gongchao","fname":"Gongchao","lname":"Jing"},{"name":"Zhang, Yufeng","fname":"Yufeng","lname":"Zhang"},{"name":"Liu, Lu","fname":"Lu","lname":"Liu"},{"name":"Wang, Zengbin","fname":"Zengbin","lname":"Wang"},{"name":"Sun, Zheng","fname":"Zheng","lname":"Sun"},{"name":"Knight, Rob","email":"rknight@ucsd.edu","fname":"Rob","lname":"Knight","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-0975-9019"},{"name":"Su, Xiaoquan","fname":"Xiaoquan","lname":"Su"},{"name":"Xu, Jian","fname":"Jian","lname":"Xu"}],"editors":[{"name":"Bucci, Vanni","fname":"Vanni","lname":"Bucci"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":173,"asset_id":"1d06b1d32858272162453a514863211203c0b4420b0b3e9906a1c56f93b34854","timestamp":1632748409,"image_type":"jpeg"},"pub_year":2021,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC San Diego Previously Published Works","link_path":"ucsd_postprints"}},{"id":"qt6bp496tk","title":"Increasing tropical cyclone intensity in the western North Pacific partly driven by warming Tibetan Plateau.","abstract":"The increase in intense tropical cyclone (TC) activity across the western North Pacific (WNP) has often been attributed to a warming ocean. However, it is essential to recognize that the tropical WNP region already boasts high temperatures, and a marginal increase in oceanic warmth due to global warming does not exert a significant impact on the potential for TCs to intensify. Here we report that the weakened vertical wind shear is the primary driver behind the escalating trend in TC intensity within the summer monsoon trough of the tropical WNP, while local ocean surface and subsurface thermodynamic factors play a minor role. Through observational diagnoses and numerical simulations, we establish that this weakening of the vertical wind shear is very likely due to the increase in temperature of the Tibetan Plateau. With further warming of the Tibetan Plateau under the Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 scenario, the projected TCs will likely become stronger.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Xu, Jing","fname":"Jing","lname":"Xu"},{"name":"Zhao, Ping","fname":"Ping","lname":"Zhao"},{"name":"Chan, Johnny","fname":"Johnny","lname":"Chan"},{"name":"Shi, Mingyuan","fname":"Mingyuan","lname":"Shi"},{"name":"Yang, Chi","fname":"Chi","lname":"Yang"},{"name":"Zhao, Siyu","fname":"Siyu","lname":"Zhao"},{"name":"Xu, Ying","fname":"Ying","lname":"Xu"},{"name":"Chen, Junming","fname":"Junming","lname":"Chen"},{"name":"Du, Ling","fname":"Ling","lname":"Du"},{"name":"Wu, Jie","fname":"Jie","lname":"Wu"},{"name":"Ye, Jiaxin","fname":"Jiaxin","lname":"Ye"},{"name":"Xing, Rui","fname":"Rui","lname":"Xing"},{"name":"Wang, Huimei","fname":"Huimei","lname":"Wang"},{"name":"Liu, Lu","fname":"Lu","lname":"Liu"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":172,"asset_id":"b22ff14eecf83c2ecfda53d041155d67b88488883a3bc7ccd37cd99999cdc405","timestamp":1708028841,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2024,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UCLA Previously Published Works","link_path":"ucla_postprints"}}],"facets":[{"display":"Type of Work","fieldName":"type_of_work","facets":[{"value":"article","count":23,"displayName":"Article"},{"value":"monograph","count":0,"displayName":"Book"},{"value":"dissertation","count":3,"displayName":"Theses"},{"value":"multimedia","count":0,"displayName":"Multimedia"}]},{"display":"Peer Review","fieldName":"peer_reviewed","facets":[{"value":"1","count":26,"displayName":"Peer-reviewed only"}]},{"display":"Supplemental Material","fieldName":"supp_file_types","facets":[{"value":"video","count":0,"displayName":"Video"},{"value":"audio","count":0,"displayName":"Audio"},{"value":"images","count":0,"displayName":"Images"},{"value":"zip","count":0,"displayName":"Zip"},{"value":"other files","count":0,"displayName":"Other files"}]},{"display":"Publication Year","fieldName":"pub_year","range":{"pub_year_start":null,"pub_year_end":null}},{"display":"Campus","fieldName":"campuses","facets":[{"value":"ucb","count":2,"displayName":"UC Berkeley"},{"value":"ucd","count":0,"displayName":"UC Davis"},{"value":"uci","count":1,"displayName":"UC Irvine"},{"value":"ucla","count":15,"displayName":"UCLA"},{"value":"ucm","count":0,"displayName":"UC Merced"},{"value":"ucr","count":0,"displayName":"UC Riverside"},{"value":"ucsd","count":14,"displayName":"UC San Diego"},{"value":"ucsf","count":9,"displayName":"UCSF"},{"value":"ucsb","count":0,"displayName":"UC Santa Barbara"},{"value":"ucsc","count":0,"displayName":"UC Santa Cruz"},{"value":"ucop","count":0,"displayName":"UC Office of the President"},{"value":"lbnl","count":3,"displayName":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory"},{"value":"anrcs","count":0,"displayName":"UC Agriculture & Natural Resources"}]},{"display":"Department","fieldName":"departments","facets":[{"value":"anderson","count":1,"displayName":"Anderson School of Management"},{"value":"lbnl_bs","count":1,"displayName":"BioSciences"},{"value":"ucb_chemistry","count":2,"displayName":"College of Chemistry"},{"value":"ucsd_cse","count":2,"displayName":"Department of Computer Science & Engineering"},{"value":"ucsdpsych","count":8,"displayName":"Department of Psychiatry, UCSD"},{"value":"lbnl_et","count":1,"displayName":"Energy Technologies"},{"value":"ucsdsom","count":12,"displayName":"School of Medicine"},{"value":"sspps","count":1,"displayName":"Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (SSPPS)"},{"value":"uclapsych","count":8,"displayName":"UCLA Department of Psychology"}]},{"display":"Journal","fieldName":"journals","facets":[]},{"display":"Discipline","fieldName":"disciplines","facets":[]},{"display":"Reuse License","fieldName":"rights","facets":[{"value":"CC BY","count":1,"displayName":"BY - Attribution required"}]}]};</script> <script src="/js/vendors~app-bundle-7424603c338d723fd773.js"></script> <script src="/js/app-bundle-8362e6d7829414ab4baa.js"></script> </body> </html>