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class="o-columnbox1"><header><h2 class="o-columnbox1__heading" aria-live="polite">Scholarly Works (<!-- -->124 results<!-- -->)</h2></header><div class="c-sortpagination"><div class="c-sort"><div class="o-input__droplist1"><label for="c-sort1">Sort By:</label><select name="sort" id="c-sort1" form="facetForm"><option selected="" value="rel">Relevance</option><option value="a-title">A-Z By Title</option><option value="z-title">Z-A By Title</option><option value="a-author">A-Z By Author</option><option value="z-author">Z-A By Author</option><option value="asc">Date Ascending</option><option value="desc">Date Descending</option></select></div><div class="o-input__droplist1 c-sort__page-input"><label for="c-sort2">Show:</label><select name="rows" id="c-sort2" form="facetForm"><option selected="" value="10">10</option><option value="20">20</option><option value="30">30</option><option value="40">40</option><option value="50">50</option><option value="100">100</option></select></div></div><input type="hidden" name="start" form="facetForm" value="0"/><nav class="c-pagination--next"><ul><li><a href="" aria-label="you are on result set 1" class="c-pagination__item--current">1</a></li><li><a href="" aria-label="go to result set 2" class="c-pagination__item">2</a></li><li><a href="" aria-label="go to result set 3" class="c-pagination__item">3</a></li><li><a href="" aria-label="go to result set 4" class="c-pagination__item">4</a></li><li><a href="" aria-label="go to result set 13" class="c-pagination__item">13</a></li><li class="c-pagination__next"><a href="" aria-label="go to Next result set">Next</a></li></ul></nav></div><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/046581p0"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Early Intermodal Integration in Offspring of Parents With Psychosis</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AGamma%2C%20Franziska">Gamma, Franziska</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AGoldstein%2C%20Jill%20M">Goldstein, Jill M</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASeidman%2C%20Larry%20J">Seidman, Larry J</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AFitzmaurice%2C%20Garrett%20M">Fitzmaurice, Garrett M</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ATsuang%2C%20Ming%20T">Tsuang, Ming T</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABuka%2C%20Stephen%20L">Buka, Stephen L</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucsd_postprints">UC San Diego Previously Published Works</a> (<!-- -->2014<!-- -->)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Identifying early developmental indicators of risk for schizophrenia is important for prediction and possibly illness prevention. Disturbed intermodality has been proposed as one important neurodevelopmental risk for schizophrenia. Early intermodal integration (EII) is the infant's ability to link motility and perception and to relate perception across modalities. We hypothesized that infants of parents with schizophrenia would have more EII abnormalities than infants of healthy parents and that infants of parents with affective psychosis would be intermediate in severity. The New England Family Study high-risk sample, ascertained from community populations, was utilized. Eight-month-old infants of parents with schizophrenia (n = 58), affective psychoses (n = 128), and healthy controls (n = 174) were prospectively assessed. Diagnoses of parents were determined 30 years later blind to offspring data. EII measures were grouped into 3 domains characterizing different aspects of infant development: (1) one's own body, (2) objects, and (3) social interactions. Results demonstrated that body- and object-related EII abnormalities were significantly increased for infants of parents with schizophrenia compared with control infants and not significantly increased for infants of parents with affective psychoses. EII abnormalities in relation to social interactions were significantly increased in infants of parents with schizophrenia and affective psychoses. Thus, body- and object-related EII abnormalities were most severe in infants of parents with schizophrenia, supporting the importance of intermodality dysfunction as an early indicator of the vulnerability to schizophrenia. Future research should evaluate how this dysfunction evolves with development and its associations with other psychopathological and neurodevelopmental deficits in youth at risk for psychosis.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/046581p0"><img src="/cms-assets/3f07fac058614353dc279f22096e9a6dc354cd5bbb03a570fe5306c7756fc909" alt="Cover page: Early Intermodal Integration in Offspring of Parents With Psychosis"/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/5666t6qw"><div class="c-clientmarkup">SU127. Negative Symptoms in Youth at Clinical High Risk of Psychosis</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ADevoe%2C%20Daniel">Devoe, Daniel</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACadenhead%2C%20Kristen">Cadenhead, Kristen</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACannon%2C%20Tyrone">Cannon, Tyrone</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACornblatt%2C%20Barbara">Cornblatt, Barbara</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMcGlashan%2C%20Tom">McGlashan, Tom</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APerkins%2C%20Diana">Perkins, Diana</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASeidman%2C%20Larry%20J">Seidman, Larry J</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ATsuang%2C%20Ming">Tsuang, Ming</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWalker%2C%20Elaine">Walker, Elaine</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWoods%2C%20Scott">Woods, Scott</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABearden%2C%20Carrie">Bearden, Carrie</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMathalon%2C%20Daniel">Mathalon, Daniel</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAddington%2C%20Jean">Addington, Jean</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucsd_postprints">UC San Diego Previously Published Works</a> (<!-- -->2017<!-- -->)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Abstract Background: Longitudinal studies examining youth at clinical high risk (CHR) of psychosis have predominantly focused on positive symptoms. However, youth at CHR often demonstrate persistent and significant negative symptoms, which have been reported to be predictive of conversion to psychosis. The goal of this study was to examine negative symptoms over time in youth at CHR of psychosis and compare baseline negative symptoms in those who convert to psychosis with those who did not convert. Methods: Youth at CHR (N = 764) were recruited for the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS 2) at 8 sites across North America. Negative symptoms were rated on the Scale of Prodromal Symptoms (SOPS) at baseline, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Difference in prevalence of negative symptoms was assessed using Z test and change in negative symptom severity over time was assessed using repeated measures analysis of variance ANOVA. Wilcoxon rank sum test and 2-sample t test were utilized to compare baseline negative symptoms in converters vs nonconverters. Results: The mean total negative symptom score at baseline was 11.90 (SD = 9.80). A majority of participants (84.57%) had at least one negative symptom rated ≥3 at baseline. Negative symptom severity significantly decreased over time compared to baseline measures. Eighty-six participants converted in total. In participants with at least one negative symptom of moderate severity or above (N ≥ 3), nonconverters had lower severity ratings on expression of emotion (M = 1.49, SD = 1.47 vs M = 1.94, SD = 1.64, P = .02) and ideational richness (M = 1.23, SD = 1.37 vs M = 1.60, SD = 1.35, P = .04) compared to converters at baseline. In participants who completed 24 months of assessment and had negative symptom severity of moderate severity or above (N ≥ 3), nonconverters had significantly better expression of emotion (M = 1.40, SD = 1.51) compared to converters (M = 1.79, SD = 1.63, P = .03). Conclusion: First, this study demonstrated that the majority of youth at CHR have moderate to severe negative symptoms at baseline. Second, both decreased expression of emotion and decreased ideational richness was significantly more severe in participants who converted and may be indicative of later conversion to psychosis. Thus, early and persistent higher negative symptom scores may represent subsequent risk of conversion to psychosis.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/5666t6qw"><img src="/cms-assets/4f75c4f2a44c9ede1a107b6e4d80f3a743cf5fc75d85f50da3598a9ef7e70728" alt="Cover page: SU127. Negative Symptoms in Youth at Clinical High Risk of Psychosis"/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/5jd2p259"><div class="c-clientmarkup">23. Omega-3 Fatty Acid Versus Placebo in a Clinical High-Risk Sample From the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Studies (NAPLS) Consortium</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACadenhead%2C%20Kristin">Cadenhead, Kristin</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAddington%2C%20Jean">Addington, Jean</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACannon%2C%20Tyrone">Cannon, Tyrone</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACornblatt%2C%20Barbara">Cornblatt, Barbara</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMathalon%2C%20Daniel">Mathalon, Daniel</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMcGlashan%2C%20Tom">McGlashan, Tom</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APerkins%2C%20Diana">Perkins, Diana</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASeidman%2C%20Larry%20J">Seidman, Larry J</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ATsuang%2C%20Ming">Tsuang, Ming</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWalker%2C%20Elaine">Walker, Elaine</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWoods%2C%20Scott">Woods, Scott</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucsd_postprints">UC San Diego Previously Published Works</a> (<!-- -->2017<!-- -->)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Abstract Background: Omega-3 Fatty Acids (FAs), EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid), are essential for normal brain development and may also have neuroprotective properties. Dietary supplementation of EPA and DHA has beneficial effects in medical illnesses as well as depression, bipolar disorder, and dementia. Abnormal FA metabolism may play a role in the etiology of psychiatric illness. Studies of erythrocytes and skin fibroblasts have shown reduced levels of FAs and phospholipids in schizophrenia. Studies of Omega-3FA supplementation in schizophrenia have been mixed. Amminger et al performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 81 subjects with prodromal symptoms of psychosis. The treatment consisted of 1.2g/day of Omega-3FAs (700 mg EPA, 480 mg DHA). After 12 weeks, 2 (4.9%) of 41 individuals in the Omega-3FA group and 11 of 40 (27.5%) in the placebo group converted to a psychotic disorder. Omega-3FAs also significantly reduced symptoms and improved functioning. The Aims of the current study were to replicate the Amminger study in Clinical High Risk (CHR) subjects from the NAPLS consortium. Methods: This was a 24-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo, fixed dose-controlled study of Omega-3FA versus placebo in 127 CHR subjects. The Omega-3FA compound contained a 2:1 proportion of EPA to DHA. The total dose was 740 mg of EPA and 400 mg of DHA. Baseline diet characterization was assessed using a systematic checklist that includes Omega-3FA foods. In addition, fasting erythrocyte FA composition was assessed. Results: Of the 127 CHR subjects recruited into the trial, 118 completed baseline assessment, and 70 (59%) completed the 6-month trial. Seven (10% Kaplan-Meier) subjects converted to psychosis during the 24 months. The rate of psychotic conversion did not differ in the Omega-3FA (13%) versus Placebo (8%) samples. Conversion to psychosis was predicted by low Omega-3FA rich foods in the diet (Wald Statistic = 4.96, P < .05). Although there were significant improvements in symptom and functioning over time in Mixed Model analyses, there were no significant group or Group × Time interaction effects. Conclusion: The rate of conversion to psychosis in the present sample was lower than is typically observed in an at-risk population. Given the study attrition and low rate of conversion to psychosis, the trial was underpowered to replicate the conversion effect in the Amminger et al.’s study. Despite the overall improvement in symptoms and functioning over time in all subjects, there was no clear evidence of a differential effect in the sample on Omega-3FA vs Placebo. Further work is needed to better tease out the role of diet and Omega-3FA in mental illness. The finding of a significant association between baseline diet low in Omega-3FA rich foods and later conversion to psychosis raises the question of whether it is possible to influence both physical and mental health with lifestyle choices including diet.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/5jd2p259"><img src="/cms-assets/0d42bcaf8ad048fd0ee8123a8d5b3da501aedef669a69070369b824d8ac3e8d9" alt="Cover page: 23. Omega-3 Fatty Acid Versus Placebo in a Clinical High-Risk Sample From the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Studies (NAPLS) Consortium"/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/52k423fj"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Alterations of lateral temporal cortical gray matter and facial memory as vulnerability indicators for schizophrenia: An MRI study in youth at familial high-risk for schizophrenia</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABrent%2C%20Benjamin%20K">Brent, Benjamin K</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ARosso%2C%20Isabelle%20M">Rosso, Isabelle M</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AThermenos%2C%20Heidi%20W">Thermenos, Heidi W</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AHolt%2C%20Daphne%20J">Holt, Daphne J</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AFaraone%2C%20Stephen%20V">Faraone, Stephen V</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMakris%2C%20Nikos">Makris, Nikos</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ATsuang%2C%20Ming%20T">Tsuang, Ming T</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASeidman%2C%20Larry%20J">Seidman, Larry J</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucsd_postprints">UC San Diego Previously Published Works</a> (<!-- -->2016<!-- -->)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup"><h3>Background</h3>Structural alterations of the lateral temporal cortex (LTC) in association with memory impairments have been reported in schizophrenia. This study investigated whether alterations of LTC structure were linked with impaired facial and/or verbal memory in young first-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia and, thus, may be indicators of vulnerability to the illness.<h3>Methods</h3>Subjects included 27 non-psychotic, first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients, and 48 healthy controls, between the ages of 13 and 28. Participants underwent high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 1.5Tesla. The LTC was parcellated into superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, and temporal pole. Total cerebral and LTC volumes were measured using semi-automated morphometry. The Wechsler Memory Scale - Third Edition and the Children's Memory Scale - Third Edition assessed facial and verbal memory. General linear models tested for associations among LTC subregion volumes, familial risk and memory.<h3>Results</h3>Compared with controls, relatives had significantly smaller bilateral middle temporal gyri. Moreover, right middle temporal gyral volume showed a significant positive association with delayed facial memory in relatives.<h3>Conclusion</h3>These results support the hypothesis that smaller middle temporal gyri are related to the genetic liability to schizophrenia and may be linked with reduced facial memory in persons at genetic risk for the illness. The findings add to the growing evidence that children at risk for schizophrenia on the basis of positive family history have cortical and subcortical structural brain abnormalities well before psychotic illness occurs.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/52k423fj"><img src="/cms-assets/a11e82d0062760192de76fa56fa1e9577fe2f77031126027417c1fc13115da73" alt="Cover page: Alterations of lateral temporal cortical gray matter and facial memory as vulnerability indicators for schizophrenia: An MRI study in youth at familial high-risk for schizophrenia"/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/0t23x1cq"><div class="c-clientmarkup">59.4 Networks of Blood Analytes are Collectively Informative of Risk of Conversion to Schizophrenia</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AJeffries%2C%20Clark">Jeffries, Clark</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APerkins%2C%20Diana">Perkins, Diana</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAddington%2C%20Jean">Addington, Jean</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABearden%2C%20Carrie">Bearden, Carrie</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACadenhead%2C%20Kristen">Cadenhead, Kristen</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACannon%2C%20Tyrone">Cannon, Tyrone</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACornblatt%2C%20Barbara">Cornblatt, Barbara</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMathalon%2C%20Daniel">Mathalon, Daniel</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMcGlashan%2C%20Tom">McGlashan, Tom</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASeidman%2C%20Larry%20J">Seidman, Larry J</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ATsuang%2C%20Ming">Tsuang, Ming</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWalker%2C%20Elaine">Walker, Elaine</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWoods%2C%20Scott">Woods, Scott</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucsd_postprints">UC San Diego Previously Published Works</a> (<!-- -->2017<!-- -->)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Abstract Background: The presence and severity of attenuated-psychosis symptoms define a clinical high risk (CHR) population at elevated risk for psychotic disorders. The NAPLS project is a prospective study of mechanisms contributing to psychosis vulnerability in persons at CHR. Here we investigated a hypothesized role for the highly-integrated immune and redox systems in the development of psychosis. Methods: We examined expression of 143 plasma analytes from a subgroup of the NAPLS2 cohort, including 32 CHR with subsequent psychosis conversion, 40 CHR followed for 2 years without psychosis, and 35 unaffected subjects. We used a Luminex platform with analytes chosen to reflect immune, redox, hormonal, and metabolic system status, including many analytes previously associated with schizophrenia and psychosis risk. We applied correlation network analysis to discover potentially co-regulated networks associated with later development of psychosis. Results: Several robust (r > .75) and highly significant (P < .0001 after correction for multiple testing) correlation networks were found in all groups, including a network involving IL3, IL5, IL7, and IL13, and a network involving CCL5, BDNF, TSH, and PDGF. There were significantly fewer nodes in CHR-converters compared with CHR-nonconverters and unaffected subjects. In unaffected subjects, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) was highly correlated with matrix metallopeptidases (MMP) 7, 9 and 10 and CD40LG, this network was absent in CHR subjects, and in CHR-converters PAI-1 was robustly and significantly correlated with TIMP1, CCL13, and TIMP1. Conclusion: A pattern of robust and highly significant correlation networks in plasma analytes suggests shared regulatory mechanisms for the inter-correlated analytes. The lower number of correlated analytes in CHR subjects who converted to psychosis suggest a shift in regulation, as does the change in the correlation network involving PAI-1. PAI-1 is of interest given studies linking schizophrenia with reduced tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and increases in negative regulators of tPA, including activation of both PAI-1and TIMP1 with oxidative stress. In addition, a recent study links toxoplasmosis infection and schizophrenia risk to a pathway involving PAI-1 and TIMP1. Patricio O’Donnell, Pfizer Inc.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/0t23x1cq"><img src="/cms-assets/d7f57468db9e0db827d0c1e60b1022a1c2a6b060ce52f3cb5f499b566cb43147" alt="Cover page: 59.4 Networks of Blood Analytes are Collectively Informative of Risk of Conversion to Schizophrenia"/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/9cb1z9c2"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Common Data Elements for National Institute of Mental Health–Funded Translational Early Psychosis Research</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3A%C3%96ng%C3%BCr%2C%20Dost">Öngür, Dost</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACarter%2C%20Cameron%20S">Carter, Cameron S</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AGur%2C%20Raquel%20E">Gur, Raquel E</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APerkins%2C%20Diana">Perkins, Diana</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASawa%2C%20Akira">Sawa, Akira</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASeidman%2C%20Larry%20J">Seidman, Larry J</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ATamminga%2C%20Carol">Tamminga, Carol</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AHuggins%2C%20Wayne">Huggins, Wayne</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AHamilton%2C%20Carol">Hamilton, Carol</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucd_postprints">UC Davis Previously Published Works</a> (<!-- -->2020<!-- -->)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup">The National Institutes of Health has established the PhenX Toolkit as a web-based resource containing consensus measures freely available to the research community. The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) has introduced the Mental Health Research Core Collection as part of the PhenX Toolkit and recently convened the PhenX Early Psychosis Working Group to generate the PhenX Early Psychosis Specialty Collection. The Working Group consisted of two complementary panels for clinical and translational research. We review the process, deliberations, and products of the translational research panel. The Early Psychosis Specialty Collection rationale for measure selection as well as additional information and protocols for obtaining each measure are available on the PhenX website (https://www.phenxtoolkit.org). The NIMH strongly encourages investigators to use instruments from the PhenX Mental Health Research Collections in NIMH-funded studies and discourages use of alternative measures to collect similar data without justification. We also discuss some of the potential advances that can be achieved by collecting common data elements across large-scale longitudinal studies of early psychosis.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/9cb1z9c2"><img src="/cms-assets/18d1d24010d51f47cde8ae6a9e9eee3b6453f481299583d9a4f2f6003cdc6777" alt="Cover page: Common Data Elements for National Institute of Mental Health–Funded Translational Early Psychosis Research"/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/6qq992xn"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Maternal Bacterial Infection During Pregnancy and Offspring Risk of Psychotic Disorders: Variation by Severity of Infection and Offspring Sex</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ALee%2C%20Younga%20H">Lee, Younga H</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACherkerzian%2C%20Sara">Cherkerzian, Sara</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASeidman%2C%20Larry%20J">Seidman, Larry J</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APapandonatos%2C%20George%20D">Papandonatos, George D</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASavitz%2C%20David%20A">Savitz, David A</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ATsuang%2C%20Ming%20T">Tsuang, Ming T</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AGoldstein%2C%20Jill%20M">Goldstein, Jill M</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABuka%2C%20Stephen%20L">Buka, Stephen L</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucsd_postprints">UC San Diego Previously Published Works</a> (<!-- -->2020<!-- -->)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup"><h3>Objective</h3>Previous studies suggest that prenatal immune challenges may elevate the risk of schizophrenia and related psychoses in offspring, yet there has been limited research focused on maternal bacterial infection. The authors hypothesized that maternal bacterial infection during pregnancy increases offspring risk of psychotic disorders in adulthood, and that the magnitude of this association varies as a function of severity of infectious exposure and offspring sex.<h3>Methods</h3>The authors analyzed prospectively collected data from 15,421 pregnancies among women enrolled between 1959 and 1966 at two study sites through the Collaborative Perinatal Project. The sample included 116 offspring with confirmed psychotic disorders. The authors estimated associations between maternal bacterial infection during pregnancy and psychosis risk over the subsequent 40 years, stratified by offspring sex and presence of reported parental mental illness, with adjustment for covariates.<h3>Results</h3>Maternal bacterial infection during pregnancy was strongly associated with psychosis in offspring (adjusted odds ratio=1.8, 95% CI=1.2-2.7) and varied by severity of infection and offspring sex. The effect of multisystemic bacterial infection (adjusted odds ratio=2.9, 95% CI=1.3-5.9) was nearly twice that of less severe localized bacterial infection (adjusted odds ratio=1.6, 95% CI=1.1-2.3). Males were significantly more likely than females to develop psychosis after maternal exposure to any bacterial infection during pregnancy.<h3>Conclusions</h3>The study findings suggest that maternal bacterial infection during pregnancy is associated with an elevated risk for psychotic disorders in offspring and that the association varies by infection severity and offspring sex. These findings call for additional investigation and, if the findings are replicated, public health and clinical efforts that focus on preventing and managing bacterial infection in pregnant women.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/6qq992xn"><img src="/cms-assets/f6d4c9fbb75fd0d444de9b395e27e18dccecc2c5ec11f7eedb97545f8b5d867c" alt="Cover page: Maternal Bacterial Infection During Pregnancy and Offspring Risk of Psychotic Disorders: Variation by Severity of Infection and Offspring Sex"/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/160961tz"><div class="c-clientmarkup">SU127. Negative Symptoms in Youth at Clinical High Risk of Psychosis</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ADevoe%2C%20Daniel">Devoe, Daniel</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACadenhead%2C%20Kristen">Cadenhead, Kristen</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACannon%2C%20Tyrone">Cannon, Tyrone</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACornblatt%2C%20Barbara">Cornblatt, Barbara</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMcGlashan%2C%20Tom">McGlashan, Tom</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APerkins%2C%20Diana">Perkins, Diana</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASeidman%2C%20Larry%20J">Seidman, Larry J</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ATsuang%2C%20Ming">Tsuang, Ming</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWalker%2C%20Elaine">Walker, Elaine</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWoods%2C%20Scott">Woods, Scott</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABearden%2C%20Carrie">Bearden, Carrie</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMathalon%2C%20Daniel">Mathalon, Daniel</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAddington%2C%20Jean">Addington, Jean</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucsd_postprints">UC San Diego Previously Published Works</a> (<!-- -->2017<!-- -->)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Abstract Background: Longitudinal studies examining youth at clinical high risk (CHR) of psychosis have predominantly focused on positive symptoms. However, youth at CHR often demonstrate persistent and significant negative symptoms, which have been reported to be predictive of conversion to psychosis. The goal of this study was to examine negative symptoms over time in youth at CHR of psychosis and compare baseline negative symptoms in those who convert to psychosis with those who did not convert. Methods: Youth at CHR (N = 764) were recruited for the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS 2) at 8 sites across North America. Negative symptoms were rated on the Scale of Prodromal Symptoms (SOPS) at baseline, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Difference in prevalence of negative symptoms was assessed using Z test and change in negative symptom severity over time was assessed using repeated measures analysis of variance ANOVA. Wilcoxon rank sum test and 2-sample t test were utilized to compare baseline negative symptoms in converters vs nonconverters. Results: The mean total negative symptom score at baseline was 11.90 (SD = 9.80). A majority of participants (84.57%) had at least one negative symptom rated ≥3 at baseline. Negative symptom severity significantly decreased over time compared to baseline measures. Eighty-six participants converted in total. In participants with at least one negative symptom of moderate severity or above (N ≥ 3), nonconverters had lower severity ratings on expression of emotion (M = 1.49, SD = 1.47 vs M = 1.94, SD = 1.64, P = .02) and ideational richness (M = 1.23, SD = 1.37 vs M = 1.60, SD = 1.35, P = .04) compared to converters at baseline. In participants who completed 24 months of assessment and had negative symptom severity of moderate severity or above (N ≥ 3), nonconverters had significantly better expression of emotion (M = 1.40, SD = 1.51) compared to converters (M = 1.79, SD = 1.63, P = .03). Conclusion: First, this study demonstrated that the majority of youth at CHR have moderate to severe negative symptoms at baseline. Second, both decreased expression of emotion and decreased ideational richness was significantly more severe in participants who converted and may be indicative of later conversion to psychosis. Thus, early and persistent higher negative symptom scores may represent subsequent risk of conversion to psychosis.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/160961tz"><img src="/cms-assets/e6380432417ccd93c81ccffd3e1f75bf548098163e748c149cb817085c9de04c" alt="Cover page: SU127. Negative Symptoms in Youth at Clinical High Risk of Psychosis"/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/0pq3b2xr"><div class="c-clientmarkup">North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS 2): overview and recruitment.</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAddington%2C%20Jean">Addington, Jean</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACadenhead%2C%20Kristin%20S">Cadenhead, Kristin S</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACornblatt%2C%20Barbara%20A">Cornblatt, Barbara A</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMathalon%2C%20Daniel%20H">Mathalon, Daniel H</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMcGlashan%2C%20Thomas%20H">McGlashan, Thomas H</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APerkins%2C%20Diana%20O">Perkins, Diana O</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASeidman%2C%20Larry%20J">Seidman, Larry J</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ATsuang%2C%20Ming%20T">Tsuang, Ming T</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWalker%2C%20Elaine%20F">Walker, Elaine F</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWoods%2C%20Scott%20W">Woods, Scott W</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAddington%2C%20Jack%20A">Addington, Jack A</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACannon%2C%20Tyrone%20D">Cannon, Tyrone D</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucsf_postprints">UC San Francisco Previously Published Works</a> (<!-- -->2012<!-- -->)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup">The North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS) is a consortium of eight programs focusing on the psychosis prodrome. Funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), the sites are located at Emory University, Harvard University, University of Calgary, UCLA, UCSD, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Yale University, and Zucker Hillside Hospital. Although the programs initially developed independently, they previously collaborated to combine their historical datasets and to produce a series of analyses on predictors of psychosis in one of the largest samples of longitudinally followed prodromal subjects worldwide. This led to the development of a five year prospective study "Predictors and Mechanisms of Conversion to Psychosis", (also known as NAPLS-2) with three major aims: (1) to prospectively test the prediction algorithm developed in NAPLS-1, (2) to investigate the neuroanatomical, neurophysiological, neurocognitive, and neurohormonal factors that may contribute to the development of psychosis, and (3) to develop a repository of DNA, RNA, and plasma from participants meeting diagnostic criteria for a clinical high risk (CHR) state and from demographically similar healthy subjects. Funded by NIMH in 2008, NAPLS-2 will generate the largest CHR for psychosis sample with 720 CHR and 240 healthy comparison subjects, and thus will provide statistical power and scientific scope that cannot be duplicated by any single site study. This paper describes the overall methodology of the NAPLS-2 project and reports on the ascertainment and demographics at the midway point of the study with (360 CHR) and 180 controls.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/0pq3b2xr"><img src="/cms-assets/c9a9e92dca929deca9f7011a643950084e6d2cc9c444a78ae54d2eb26ebfbb1d" alt="Cover page: North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS 2): overview and recruitment."/></a></div></section><section class="c-scholworks"><div class="c-scholworks__main-column"><ul class="c-scholworks__tag-list"><li class="c-scholworks__tag-article">Article</li><li class="c-scholworks__tag-peer">Peer Reviewed</li></ul><div><h3 class="c-scholworks__heading"><a href="/uc/item/9r0835j6"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Discriminatory experiences predict neuroanatomical changes and anxiety among healthy individuals and those at clinical high risk for psychosis.</div></a></h3></div><div class="c-authorlist"><ul class="c-authorlist__list"><li class="c-authorlist__begin"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACollins%2C%20Meghan%20A">Collins, Meghan A</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AChung%2C%20Yoonho">Chung, Yoonho</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AAddington%2C%20Jean">Addington, Jean</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ABearden%2C%20Carrie%20E">Bearden, Carrie E</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACadenhead%2C%20Kristin%20S">Cadenhead, Kristin S</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACornblatt%2C%20Barbara%20A">Cornblatt, Barbara A</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMathalon%2C%20Daniel%20H">Mathalon, Daniel H</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AMcGlashan%2C%20Thomas%20H">McGlashan, Thomas H</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3APerkins%2C%20Diana%20O">Perkins, Diana O</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ASeidman%2C%20Larry%20J">Seidman, Larry J</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3ATsuang%2C%20Ming%20T">Tsuang, Ming T</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWalker%2C%20Elaine%20F">Walker, Elaine F</a>; </li><li><a href="/search/?q=author%3AWoods%2C%20Scott%20W">Woods, Scott W</a>; </li><li class="c-authorlist__end"><a href="/search/?q=author%3ACannon%2C%20Tyrone%20D">Cannon, Tyrone D</a> </li></ul></div><div class="c-scholworks__publication"><a href="/uc/ucsf_postprints">UC San Francisco Previously Published Works</a> (<!-- -->2021<!-- -->)</div><div class="c-scholworks__abstract"><div class="c-clientmarkup">Individuals face discrimination based on characteristics including race/ethnicity, gender, age, and disability. Discriminatory experiences (DE) are associated with poor psychological health in the general population and with worse outcomes among individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR). Though the brain is sensitive to stress, and brain structural change is a well-documented precursor to psychosis, potential relationships between DE and brain structure among CHR or healthy individuals are not known. This report assessed whether lifetime DE are associated with cortical thinning and clinical outcomes across time, after controlling for discrimination-related demographic factors among CHR individuals who ultimately do (N = 57) and do not convert to psychosis (N = 451), and healthy comparison (N = 208) participants in the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study 2. Results indicate that DE are associated with thinner cortex across time in several cortical areas. Thickness in several right hemisphere regions partially mediates associations between DE and subsequent anxiety symptoms, but not attenuated positive symptoms of psychosis. This report provides the first evidence to date of an association between DE and brain structure in both CHR and healthy comparison individuals. Results also suggest that thinner cortex across time in areas linked with DE may partially explain associations between DE and cross-diagnostic indicators of psychological distress.</div></div><div class="c-scholworks__media"><ul class="c-medialist"></ul></div></div><div class="c-scholworks__ancillary"><a class="c-scholworks__thumbnail" href="/uc/item/9r0835j6"><img src="/cms-assets/2e1654768d5dd6f70b44ad61088edfbbd21b38d5870eae257adefa720b9a1fff" alt="Cover page: Discriminatory experiences predict neuroanatomical changes and anxiety among healthy individuals and those at clinical high risk for psychosis."/></a></div></section><nav class="c-pagination--next"><ul><li><a href="" aria-label="you are on result set 1" class="c-pagination__item--current">1</a></li><li><a href="" aria-label="go to result set 2" class="c-pagination__item">2</a></li><li><a href="" aria-label="go to result set 3" class="c-pagination__item">3</a></li><li><a href="" aria-label="go to result set 4" 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Cruz"},{"id":"ucop","name":"UC Office of the President"},{"id":"lbnl","name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory"},{"id":"anrcs","name":"UC Agriculture & Natural Resources"}],"logo":null,"bgColor":null,"elColor":null,"directSubmit":null,"directSubmitURL":null,"directManageURLauthor":null,"directManageURLeditor":null,"nav_bar":[{"id":1,"name":"About eScholarship","type":"folder","sub_nav":[{"id":5,"name":"About eScholarship","slug":"aboutEschol","type":"page","url":"/aboutEschol"},{"id":11,"name":"eScholarship Repository","slug":"repository","type":"page","url":"/repository"},{"id":28,"url":"/publishing","name":"eScholarship Publishing","type":"link"},{"id":29,"name":"Site policies","slug":"policies","type":"page","url":"/policies"},{"id":13,"name":"Terms of Use and Copyright Information","slug":"terms","type":"page","url":"/terms"},{"id":26,"name":"Coming soon","slug":"comingSoon","type":"page","hidden":true,"url":"/comingSoon"},{"id":27,"name":"Privacy 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Resources","type":"link"}]},{"id":10,"name":"UC Open Access Policies","slug":"ucoapolicies","type":"page","url":"/ucoapolicies"},{"id":12,"name":"eScholarship Publishing","slug":"publishing","type":"page","url":"/publishing"}],"social":{"facebook":null,"twitter":null,"rss":"/rss/unit/root"},"breadcrumb":[{"name":"eScholarship","id":"root","url":"/"}]},"campuses":[{"id":"","name":"eScholarship at..."},{"id":"ucb","name":"UC Berkeley"},{"id":"ucd","name":"UC Davis"},{"id":"uci","name":"UC Irvine"},{"id":"ucla","name":"UCLA"},{"id":"ucm","name":"UC Merced"},{"id":"ucr","name":"UC Riverside"},{"id":"ucsd","name":"UC San Diego"},{"id":"ucsf","name":"UCSF"},{"id":"ucsb","name":"UC Santa Barbara"},{"id":"ucsc","name":"UC Santa Cruz"},{"id":"ucop","name":"UC Office of the President"},{"id":"lbnl","name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory"},{"id":"anrcs","name":"UC Agriculture & Natural Resources"}],"query":{"q":"author:Seidman, Larry J","sort":"rel","rows":"10","info_start":"0","start":"0","filters":{}},"count":124,"info_count":0,"infoResults":[],"searchResults":[{"id":"qt046581p0","title":"Early Intermodal Integration in Offspring of Parents With Psychosis","abstract":"Identifying early developmental indicators of risk for schizophrenia is important for prediction and possibly illness prevention. Disturbed intermodality has been proposed as one important neurodevelopmental risk for schizophrenia. Early intermodal integration (EII) is the infant's ability to link motility and perception and to relate perception across modalities. We hypothesized that infants of parents with schizophrenia would have more EII abnormalities than infants of healthy parents and that infants of parents with affective psychosis would be intermediate in severity. The New England Family Study high-risk sample, ascertained from community populations, was utilized. Eight-month-old infants of parents with schizophrenia (n = 58), affective psychoses (n = 128), and healthy controls (n = 174) were prospectively assessed. Diagnoses of parents were determined 30 years later blind to offspring data. EII measures were grouped into 3 domains characterizing different aspects of infant development: (1) one's own body, (2) objects, and (3) social interactions. Results demonstrated that body- and object-related EII abnormalities were significantly increased for infants of parents with schizophrenia compared with control infants and not significantly increased for infants of parents with affective psychoses. EII abnormalities in relation to social interactions were significantly increased in infants of parents with schizophrenia and affective psychoses. Thus, body- and object-related EII abnormalities were most severe in infants of parents with schizophrenia, supporting the importance of intermodality dysfunction as an early indicator of the vulnerability to schizophrenia. Future research should evaluate how this dysfunction evolves with development and its associations with other psychopathological and neurodevelopmental deficits in youth at risk for psychosis.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Gamma, Franziska","fname":"Franziska","lname":"Gamma"},{"name":"Goldstein, Jill M","fname":"Jill M","lname":"Goldstein"},{"name":"Seidman, Larry J","fname":"Larry J","lname":"Seidman"},{"name":"Fitzmaurice, Garrett M","fname":"Garrett M","lname":"Fitzmaurice"},{"name":"Tsuang, Ming T","email":"mtsuang@ucsd.edu","fname":"Ming T","lname":"Tsuang","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-0076-5340"},{"name":"Buka, Stephen L","fname":"Stephen L","lname":"Buka"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":164,"asset_id":"3f07fac058614353dc279f22096e9a6dc354cd5bbb03a570fe5306c7756fc909","timestamp":1682181527,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2014,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC San Diego Previously Published Works","link_path":"ucsd_postprints"}},{"id":"qt5666t6qw","title":"SU127. Negative Symptoms in Youth at Clinical High Risk of Psychosis","abstract":"Abstract Background: Longitudinal studies examining youth at clinical high risk (CHR) of psychosis have predominantly focused on positive symptoms. However, youth at CHR often demonstrate persistent and significant negative symptoms, which have been reported to be predictive of conversion to psychosis. The goal of this study was to examine negative symptoms over time in youth at CHR of psychosis and compare baseline negative symptoms in those who convert to psychosis with those who did not convert. Methods: Youth at CHR (N = 764) were recruited for the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS 2) at 8 sites across North America. Negative symptoms were rated on the Scale of Prodromal Symptoms (SOPS) at baseline, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Difference in prevalence of negative symptoms was assessed using Z test and change in negative symptom severity over time was assessed using repeated measures analysis of variance ANOVA. Wilcoxon rank sum test and 2-sample t test were utilized to compare baseline negative symptoms in converters vs nonconverters. Results: The mean total negative symptom score at baseline was 11.90 (SD = 9.80). A majority of participants (84.57%) had at least one negative symptom rated \u22653 at baseline. Negative symptom severity significantly decreased over time compared to baseline measures. Eighty-six participants converted in total. In participants with at least one negative symptom of moderate severity or above (N \u2265 3), nonconverters had lower severity ratings on expression of emotion (M = 1.49, SD = 1.47 vs M = 1.94, SD = 1.64, P = .02) and ideational richness (M = 1.23, SD = 1.37 vs M = 1.60, SD = 1.35, P = .04) compared to converters at baseline. In participants who completed 24 months of assessment and had negative symptom severity of moderate severity or above (N \u2265 3), nonconverters had significantly better expression of emotion (M = 1.40, SD = 1.51) compared to converters (M = 1.79, SD = 1.63, P = .03). Conclusion: First, this study demonstrated that the majority of youth at CHR have moderate to severe negative symptoms at baseline. Second, both decreased expression of emotion and decreased ideational richness was significantly more severe in participants who converted and may be indicative of later conversion to psychosis. Thus, early and persistent higher negative symptom scores may represent subsequent risk of conversion to psychosis.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Devoe, Daniel","fname":"Daniel","lname":"Devoe"},{"name":"Cadenhead, Kristen","fname":"Kristen","lname":"Cadenhead"},{"name":"Cannon, Tyrone","fname":"Tyrone","lname":"Cannon"},{"name":"Cornblatt, Barbara","fname":"Barbara","lname":"Cornblatt"},{"name":"McGlashan, Tom","fname":"Tom","lname":"McGlashan"},{"name":"Perkins, Diana","fname":"Diana","lname":"Perkins"},{"name":"Seidman, Larry J","fname":"Larry J","lname":"Seidman"},{"name":"Tsuang, Ming","email":"mtsuang@ucsd.edu","fname":"Ming","lname":"Tsuang","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-0076-5340"},{"name":"Walker, Elaine","fname":"Elaine","lname":"Walker"},{"name":"Woods, Scott","fname":"Scott","lname":"Woods"},{"name":"Bearden, Carrie","fname":"Carrie","lname":"Bearden"},{"name":"Mathalon, Daniel","fname":"Daniel","lname":"Mathalon"},{"name":"Addington, Jean","fname":"Jean","lname":"Addington"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":163,"asset_id":"4f75c4f2a44c9ede1a107b6e4d80f3a743cf5fc75d85f50da3598a9ef7e70728","timestamp":1689405155,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2017,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC San Diego Previously Published Works","link_path":"ucsd_postprints"}},{"id":"qt5jd2p259","title":"23. Omega-3 Fatty Acid Versus Placebo in a Clinical High-Risk Sample From the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Studies (NAPLS) Consortium","abstract":"Abstract Background: Omega-3 Fatty Acids (FAs), EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid), are essential for normal brain development and may also have neuroprotective properties. Dietary supplementation of EPA and DHA has beneficial effects in medical illnesses as well as depression, bipolar disorder, and dementia. Abnormal FA metabolism may play a role in the etiology of psychiatric illness. Studies of erythrocytes and skin fibroblasts have shown reduced levels of FAs and phospholipids in schizophrenia. Studies of Omega-3FA supplementation in schizophrenia have been mixed. Amminger et al performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 81 subjects with prodromal symptoms of psychosis. The treatment consisted of 1.2g/day of Omega-3FAs (700\u2009mg EPA, 480\u2009mg DHA). After 12 weeks, 2 (4.9%) of 41 individuals in the Omega-3FA group and 11 of 40 (27.5%) in the placebo group converted to a psychotic disorder. Omega-3FAs also significantly reduced symptoms and improved functioning. The Aims of the current study were to replicate the Amminger study in Clinical High Risk (CHR) subjects from the NAPLS consortium. Methods: This was a 24-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo, fixed dose-controlled study of Omega-3FA versus placebo in 127 CHR subjects. The Omega-3FA compound contained a 2:1 proportion of EPA to DHA. The total dose was 740\u2009mg of EPA and 400\u2009mg of DHA. Baseline diet characterization was assessed using a systematic checklist that includes Omega-3FA foods. In addition, fasting erythrocyte FA composition was assessed. Results: Of the 127 CHR subjects recruited into the trial, 118 completed baseline assessment, and 70 (59%) completed the 6-month trial. Seven (10% Kaplan-Meier) subjects converted to psychosis during the 24 months. The rate of psychotic conversion did not differ in the Omega-3FA (13%) versus Placebo (8%) samples. Conversion to psychosis was predicted by low Omega-3FA rich foods in the diet (Wald Statistic = 4.96, P < .05). Although there were significant improvements in symptom and functioning over time in Mixed Model analyses, there were no significant group or Group \u00D7 Time interaction effects. Conclusion: The rate of conversion to psychosis in the present sample was lower than is typically observed in an at-risk population. Given the study attrition and low rate of conversion to psychosis, the trial was underpowered to replicate the conversion effect in the Amminger et al.\u2019s study. Despite the overall improvement in symptoms and functioning over time in all subjects, there was no clear evidence of a differential effect in the sample on Omega-3FA vs Placebo. Further work is needed to better tease out the role of diet and Omega-3FA in mental illness. The finding of a significant association between baseline diet low in Omega-3FA rich foods and later conversion to psychosis raises the question of whether it is possible to influence both physical and mental health with lifestyle choices including diet.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Cadenhead, Kristin","fname":"Kristin","lname":"Cadenhead"},{"name":"Addington, Jean","fname":"Jean","lname":"Addington"},{"name":"Cannon, Tyrone","fname":"Tyrone","lname":"Cannon"},{"name":"Cornblatt, Barbara","fname":"Barbara","lname":"Cornblatt"},{"name":"Mathalon, Daniel","fname":"Daniel","lname":"Mathalon"},{"name":"McGlashan, Tom","fname":"Tom","lname":"McGlashan"},{"name":"Perkins, Diana","fname":"Diana","lname":"Perkins"},{"name":"Seidman, Larry J","fname":"Larry J","lname":"Seidman"},{"name":"Tsuang, Ming","email":"mtsuang@ucsd.edu","fname":"Ming","lname":"Tsuang","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-0076-5340"},{"name":"Walker, Elaine","fname":"Elaine","lname":"Walker"},{"name":"Woods, Scott","fname":"Scott","lname":"Woods"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":167,"asset_id":"0d42bcaf8ad048fd0ee8123a8d5b3da501aedef669a69070369b824d8ac3e8d9","timestamp":1689404206,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2017,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC San Diego Previously Published Works","link_path":"ucsd_postprints"}},{"id":"qt52k423fj","title":"Alterations of lateral temporal cortical gray matter and facial memory as vulnerability indicators for schizophrenia: An MRI study in youth at familial high-risk for schizophrenia","abstract":"<h4>Background</h4>Structural alterations of the lateral temporal cortex (LTC) in association with memory impairments have been reported in schizophrenia. This study investigated whether alterations of LTC structure were linked with impaired facial and/or verbal memory in young first-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia and, thus, may be indicators of vulnerability to the illness.<h4>Methods</h4>Subjects included 27 non-psychotic, first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients, and 48 healthy controls, between the ages of 13 and 28. Participants underwent high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 1.5Tesla. The LTC was parcellated into superior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, and temporal pole. Total cerebral and LTC volumes were measured using semi-automated morphometry. The Wechsler Memory Scale - Third Edition and the Children's Memory Scale - Third Edition assessed facial and verbal memory. General linear models tested for associations among LTC subregion volumes, familial risk and memory.<h4>Results</h4>Compared with controls, relatives had significantly smaller bilateral middle temporal gyri. Moreover, right middle temporal gyral volume showed a significant positive association with delayed facial memory in relatives.<h4>Conclusion</h4>These results support the hypothesis that smaller middle temporal gyri are related to the genetic liability to schizophrenia and may be linked with reduced facial memory in persons at genetic risk for the illness. The findings add to the growing evidence that children at risk for schizophrenia on the basis of positive family history have cortical and subcortical structural brain abnormalities well before psychotic illness occurs.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Brent, Benjamin K","fname":"Benjamin K","lname":"Brent"},{"name":"Rosso, Isabelle M","fname":"Isabelle M","lname":"Rosso"},{"name":"Thermenos, Heidi W","fname":"Heidi W","lname":"Thermenos"},{"name":"Holt, Daphne J","fname":"Daphne J","lname":"Holt"},{"name":"Faraone, Stephen V","fname":"Stephen V","lname":"Faraone"},{"name":"Makris, Nikos","fname":"Nikos","lname":"Makris"},{"name":"Tsuang, Ming T","email":"mtsuang@ucsd.edu","fname":"Ming T","lname":"Tsuang","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-0076-5340"},{"name":"Seidman, Larry J","fname":"Larry J","lname":"Seidman"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":149,"asset_id":"a11e82d0062760192de76fa56fa1e9577fe2f77031126027417c1fc13115da73","timestamp":1682952091,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2016,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC San Diego Previously Published Works","link_path":"ucsd_postprints"}},{"id":"qt0t23x1cq","title":"59.4 Networks of Blood Analytes are Collectively Informative of Risk of Conversion to Schizophrenia","abstract":"Abstract Background: The presence and severity of attenuated-psychosis symptoms define a clinical high risk (CHR) population at elevated risk for psychotic disorders. The NAPLS project is a prospective study of mechanisms contributing to psychosis vulnerability in persons at CHR. Here we investigated a hypothesized role for the highly-integrated immune and redox systems in the development of psychosis. Methods: We examined expression of 143 plasma analytes from a subgroup of the NAPLS2 cohort, including 32 CHR with subsequent psychosis conversion, 40 CHR followed for 2 years without psychosis, and 35 unaffected subjects. We used a Luminex platform with analytes chosen to reflect immune, redox, hormonal, and metabolic system status, including many analytes previously associated with schizophrenia and psychosis risk. We applied correlation network analysis to discover potentially co-regulated networks associated with later development of psychosis. Results: Several robust (r > .75) and highly significant (P < .0001 after correction for multiple testing) correlation networks were found in all groups, including a network involving IL3, IL5, IL7, and IL13, and a network involving CCL5, BDNF, TSH, and PDGF. There were significantly fewer nodes in CHR-converters compared with CHR-nonconverters and unaffected subjects. In unaffected subjects, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) was highly correlated with matrix metallopeptidases (MMP) 7, 9 and 10 and CD40LG, this network was absent in CHR subjects, and in CHR-converters PAI-1 was robustly and significantly correlated with TIMP1, CCL13, and TIMP1. Conclusion: A pattern of robust and highly significant correlation networks in plasma analytes suggests shared regulatory mechanisms for the inter-correlated analytes. The lower number of correlated analytes in CHR subjects who converted to psychosis suggest a shift in regulation, as does the change in the correlation network involving PAI-1. PAI-1 is of interest given studies linking schizophrenia with reduced tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and increases in negative regulators of tPA, including activation of both PAI-1and TIMP1 with oxidative stress. In addition, a recent study links toxoplasmosis infection and schizophrenia risk to a pathway involving PAI-1 and TIMP1. Patricio O\u2019Donnell, Pfizer Inc.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Jeffries, Clark","fname":"Clark","lname":"Jeffries"},{"name":"Perkins, Diana","fname":"Diana","lname":"Perkins"},{"name":"Addington, Jean","fname":"Jean","lname":"Addington"},{"name":"Bearden, Carrie","fname":"Carrie","lname":"Bearden"},{"name":"Cadenhead, Kristen","fname":"Kristen","lname":"Cadenhead"},{"name":"Cannon, Tyrone","fname":"Tyrone","lname":"Cannon"},{"name":"Cornblatt, Barbara","fname":"Barbara","lname":"Cornblatt"},{"name":"Mathalon, Daniel","fname":"Daniel","lname":"Mathalon"},{"name":"McGlashan, Tom","fname":"Tom","lname":"McGlashan"},{"name":"Seidman, Larry J","fname":"Larry J","lname":"Seidman"},{"name":"Tsuang, Ming","email":"mtsuang@ucsd.edu","fname":"Ming","lname":"Tsuang","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-0076-5340"},{"name":"Walker, Elaine","fname":"Elaine","lname":"Walker"},{"name":"Woods, Scott","fname":"Scott","lname":"Woods"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":167,"asset_id":"d7f57468db9e0db827d0c1e60b1022a1c2a6b060ce52f3cb5f499b566cb43147","timestamp":1689405387,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2017,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC San Diego Previously Published Works","link_path":"ucsd_postprints"}},{"id":"qt9cb1z9c2","title":"Common Data Elements for National Institute of Mental Health\u2013Funded Translational Early Psychosis Research","abstract":"The National Institutes of Health has established the PhenX Toolkit as a web-based resource containing consensus measures freely available to the research community. The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) has introduced the Mental Health Research Core Collection as part of the PhenX Toolkit and recently convened the PhenX Early Psychosis Working Group to generate the PhenX Early Psychosis Specialty Collection. The Working Group consisted of two complementary panels for clinical and translational research. We review the process, deliberations, and products of the translational research panel. The Early Psychosis Specialty Collection rationale for measure selection as well as additional information and protocols for obtaining each measure are available on the PhenX website (https://www.phenxtoolkit.org). The NIMH strongly encourages investigators to use instruments from the PhenX Mental Health Research Collections in NIMH-funded studies and discourages use of alternative measures to collect similar data without justification. We also discuss some of the potential advances that can be achieved by collecting common data elements across large-scale longitudinal studies of early psychosis.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"\u00D6ng\u00FCr, Dost","fname":"Dost","lname":"\u00D6ng\u00FCr"},{"name":"Carter, Cameron S","email":"cscarter@ucdavis.edu","fname":"Cameron S","lname":"Carter"},{"name":"Gur, Raquel E","fname":"Raquel E","lname":"Gur"},{"name":"Perkins, Diana","fname":"Diana","lname":"Perkins"},{"name":"Sawa, Akira","fname":"Akira","lname":"Sawa"},{"name":"Seidman, Larry J","fname":"Larry J","lname":"Seidman"},{"name":"Tamminga, Carol","fname":"Carol","lname":"Tamminga"},{"name":"Huggins, Wayne","fname":"Wayne","lname":"Huggins"},{"name":"Hamilton, Carol","fname":"Carol","lname":"Hamilton"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":162,"asset_id":"18d1d24010d51f47cde8ae6a9e9eee3b6453f481299583d9a4f2f6003cdc6777","timestamp":1685603683,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2020,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC Davis Previously Published Works","link_path":"ucd_postprints"}},{"id":"qt6qq992xn","title":"Maternal Bacterial Infection During Pregnancy and Offspring Risk of Psychotic Disorders: Variation by Severity of Infection and Offspring Sex","abstract":"<h4>Objective</h4>Previous studies suggest that prenatal immune challenges may elevate the risk of schizophrenia and related psychoses in offspring, yet there has been limited research focused on maternal bacterial infection. The authors hypothesized that maternal bacterial infection during pregnancy increases offspring risk of psychotic disorders in adulthood, and that the magnitude of this association varies as a function of severity of infectious exposure and offspring sex.<h4>Methods</h4>The authors analyzed prospectively collected data from 15,421 pregnancies among women enrolled between 1959 and 1966 at two study sites through the Collaborative Perinatal Project. The sample included 116 offspring with confirmed psychotic disorders. The authors estimated associations between maternal bacterial infection during pregnancy and psychosis risk over the subsequent 40 years, stratified by offspring sex and presence of reported parental mental illness, with adjustment for covariates.<h4>Results</h4>Maternal bacterial infection during pregnancy was strongly associated with psychosis in offspring (adjusted odds ratio=1.8, 95% CI=1.2-2.7) and varied by severity of infection and offspring sex. The effect of multisystemic bacterial infection (adjusted odds ratio=2.9, 95% CI=1.3-5.9) was nearly twice that of less severe localized bacterial infection (adjusted odds ratio=1.6, 95% CI=1.1-2.3). Males were significantly more likely than females to develop psychosis after maternal exposure to any bacterial infection during pregnancy.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The study findings suggest that maternal bacterial infection during pregnancy is associated with an elevated risk for psychotic disorders in offspring and that the association varies by infection severity and offspring sex. These findings call for additional investigation and, if the findings are replicated, public health and clinical efforts that focus on preventing and managing bacterial infection in pregnant women.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Lee, Younga H","fname":"Younga H","lname":"Lee"},{"name":"Cherkerzian, Sara","fname":"Sara","lname":"Cherkerzian"},{"name":"Seidman, Larry J","fname":"Larry J","lname":"Seidman"},{"name":"Papandonatos, George D","fname":"George D","lname":"Papandonatos"},{"name":"Savitz, David A","fname":"David A","lname":"Savitz"},{"name":"Tsuang, Ming T","email":"mtsuang@ucsd.edu","fname":"Ming T","lname":"Tsuang","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-0076-5340"},{"name":"Goldstein, Jill M","fname":"Jill M","lname":"Goldstein"},{"name":"Buka, Stephen L","fname":"Stephen L","lname":"Buka"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":162,"asset_id":"f6d4c9fbb75fd0d444de9b395e27e18dccecc2c5ec11f7eedb97545f8b5d867c","timestamp":1685714546,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2020,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC San Diego Previously Published Works","link_path":"ucsd_postprints"}},{"id":"qt160961tz","title":"SU127. Negative Symptoms in Youth at Clinical High Risk of Psychosis","abstract":"Abstract Background: Longitudinal studies examining youth at clinical high risk (CHR) of psychosis have predominantly focused on positive symptoms. However, youth at CHR often demonstrate persistent and significant negative symptoms, which have been reported to be predictive of conversion to psychosis. The goal of this study was to examine negative symptoms over time in youth at CHR of psychosis and compare baseline negative symptoms in those who convert to psychosis with those who did not convert. Methods: Youth at CHR (N = 764) were recruited for the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS 2) at 8 sites across North America. Negative symptoms were rated on the Scale of Prodromal Symptoms (SOPS) at baseline, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Difference in prevalence of negative symptoms was assessed using Z test and change in negative symptom severity over time was assessed using repeated measures analysis of variance ANOVA. Wilcoxon rank sum test and 2-sample t test were utilized to compare baseline negative symptoms in converters vs nonconverters. Results: The mean total negative symptom score at baseline was 11.90 (SD = 9.80). A majority of participants (84.57%) had at least one negative symptom rated \u22653 at baseline. Negative symptom severity significantly decreased over time compared to baseline measures. Eighty-six participants converted in total. In participants with at least one negative symptom of moderate severity or above (N \u2265 3), nonconverters had lower severity ratings on expression of emotion (M = 1.49, SD = 1.47 vs M = 1.94, SD = 1.64, P = .02) and ideational richness (M = 1.23, SD = 1.37 vs M = 1.60, SD = 1.35, P = .04) compared to converters at baseline. In participants who completed 24 months of assessment and had negative symptom severity of moderate severity or above (N \u2265 3), nonconverters had significantly better expression of emotion (M = 1.40, SD = 1.51) compared to converters (M = 1.79, SD = 1.63, P = .03). Conclusion: First, this study demonstrated that the majority of youth at CHR have moderate to severe negative symptoms at baseline. Second, both decreased expression of emotion and decreased ideational richness was significantly more severe in participants who converted and may be indicative of later conversion to psychosis. Thus, early and persistent higher negative symptom scores may represent subsequent risk of conversion to psychosis.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Devoe, Daniel","fname":"Daniel","lname":"Devoe"},{"name":"Cadenhead, Kristen","fname":"Kristen","lname":"Cadenhead"},{"name":"Cannon, Tyrone","fname":"Tyrone","lname":"Cannon"},{"name":"Cornblatt, Barbara","fname":"Barbara","lname":"Cornblatt"},{"name":"McGlashan, Tom","fname":"Tom","lname":"McGlashan"},{"name":"Perkins, Diana","fname":"Diana","lname":"Perkins"},{"name":"Seidman, Larry J","fname":"Larry J","lname":"Seidman"},{"name":"Tsuang, Ming","email":"mtsuang@ucsd.edu","fname":"Ming","lname":"Tsuang","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-0076-5340"},{"name":"Walker, Elaine","fname":"Elaine","lname":"Walker"},{"name":"Woods, Scott","fname":"Scott","lname":"Woods"},{"name":"Bearden, Carrie","fname":"Carrie","lname":"Bearden"},{"name":"Mathalon, Daniel","fname":"Daniel","lname":"Mathalon"},{"name":"Addington, Jean","fname":"Jean","lname":"Addington"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":166,"asset_id":"e6380432417ccd93c81ccffd3e1f75bf548098163e748c149cb817085c9de04c","timestamp":1689405505,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2017,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC San Diego Previously Published Works","link_path":"ucsd_postprints"}},{"id":"qt0pq3b2xr","title":"North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS 2): overview and recruitment.","abstract":"The North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS) is a consortium of eight programs focusing on the psychosis prodrome. Funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), the sites are located at Emory University, Harvard University, University of Calgary, UCLA, UCSD, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Yale University, and Zucker Hillside Hospital. Although the programs initially developed independently, they previously collaborated to combine their historical datasets and to produce a series of analyses on predictors of psychosis in one of the largest samples of longitudinally followed prodromal subjects worldwide. This led to the development of a five year prospective study \"Predictors and Mechanisms of Conversion to Psychosis\", (also known as NAPLS-2) with three major aims: (1) to prospectively test the prediction algorithm developed in NAPLS-1, (2) to investigate the neuroanatomical, neurophysiological, neurocognitive, and neurohormonal factors that may contribute to the development of psychosis, and (3) to develop a repository of DNA, RNA, and plasma from participants meeting diagnostic criteria for a clinical high risk (CHR) state and from demographically similar healthy subjects. Funded by NIMH in 2008, NAPLS-2 will generate the largest CHR for psychosis sample with 720 CHR and 240 healthy comparison subjects, and thus will provide statistical power and scientific scope that cannot be duplicated by any single site study. This paper describes the overall methodology of the NAPLS-2 project and reports on the ascertainment and demographics at the midway point of the study with (360 CHR) and 180 controls.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Addington, Jean","fname":"Jean","lname":"Addington"},{"name":"Cadenhead, Kristin S","email":"kcadenhead@ucsd.edu","fname":"Kristin S","lname":"Cadenhead"},{"name":"Cornblatt, Barbara A","fname":"Barbara A","lname":"Cornblatt"},{"name":"Mathalon, Daniel H","email":"daniel.mathalon@ucsf.edu","fname":"Daniel H","lname":"Mathalon","ORCID_id":"0000-0001-6090-4974"},{"name":"McGlashan, Thomas H","fname":"Thomas H","lname":"McGlashan"},{"name":"Perkins, Diana O","fname":"Diana O","lname":"Perkins"},{"name":"Seidman, Larry J","fname":"Larry J","lname":"Seidman"},{"name":"Tsuang, Ming T","email":"mtsuang@ucsd.edu","fname":"Ming T","lname":"Tsuang","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-0076-5340"},{"name":"Walker, Elaine F","fname":"Elaine F","lname":"Walker"},{"name":"Woods, Scott W","fname":"Scott W","lname":"Woods"},{"name":"Addington, Jack A","fname":"Jack A","lname":"Addington"},{"name":"Cannon, Tyrone D","fname":"Tyrone D","lname":"Cannon"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":153,"asset_id":"c9a9e92dca929deca9f7011a643950084e6d2cc9c444a78ae54d2eb26ebfbb1d","timestamp":1680544985,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2012,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC San Francisco Previously Published Works","link_path":"ucsf_postprints"}},{"id":"qt9r0835j6","title":"Discriminatory experiences predict neuroanatomical changes and anxiety among healthy individuals and those at clinical high risk for psychosis.","abstract":"Individuals face discrimination based on characteristics including race/ethnicity, gender, age, and disability. Discriminatory experiences (DE) are associated with poor psychological health in the general population and with worse outcomes among individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR). Though the brain is sensitive to stress, and brain structural change is a well-documented precursor to psychosis, potential relationships between DE and brain structure among CHR or healthy individuals are not known. This report assessed whether lifetime DE are associated with cortical thinning and clinical outcomes across time, after controlling for discrimination-related demographic factors among CHR individuals who ultimately do (N = 57) and do not convert to psychosis (N = 451), and healthy comparison (N = 208) participants in the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study 2. Results indicate that DE are associated with thinner cortex across time in several cortical areas. Thickness in several right hemisphere regions partially mediates associations between DE and subsequent anxiety symptoms, but not attenuated positive symptoms of psychosis. This report provides the first evidence to date of an association between DE and brain structure in both CHR and healthy comparison individuals. Results also suggest that thinner cortex across time in areas linked with DE may partially explain associations between DE and cross-diagnostic indicators of psychological distress.","content_type":"application/pdf","author_hide":null,"authors":[{"name":"Collins, Meghan A","fname":"Meghan A","lname":"Collins"},{"name":"Chung, Yoonho","fname":"Yoonho","lname":"Chung"},{"name":"Addington, Jean","fname":"Jean","lname":"Addington"},{"name":"Bearden, Carrie E","email":"cbearden@mednet.ucla.edu","fname":"Carrie E","lname":"Bearden"},{"name":"Cadenhead, Kristin S","email":"kcadenhead@ucsd.edu","fname":"Kristin S","lname":"Cadenhead"},{"name":"Cornblatt, Barbara A","fname":"Barbara A","lname":"Cornblatt"},{"name":"Mathalon, Daniel H","email":"daniel.mathalon@ucsf.edu","fname":"Daniel H","lname":"Mathalon","ORCID_id":"0000-0001-6090-4974"},{"name":"McGlashan, Thomas H","fname":"Thomas H","lname":"McGlashan"},{"name":"Perkins, Diana O","fname":"Diana O","lname":"Perkins"},{"name":"Seidman, Larry J","fname":"Larry J","lname":"Seidman"},{"name":"Tsuang, Ming T","email":"mtsuang@ucsd.edu","fname":"Ming T","lname":"Tsuang","ORCID_id":"0000-0002-0076-5340"},{"name":"Walker, Elaine F","fname":"Elaine F","lname":"Walker"},{"name":"Woods, Scott W","fname":"Scott W","lname":"Woods"},{"name":"Cannon, Tyrone D","fname":"Tyrone D","lname":"Cannon"}],"supp_files":[{"type":"pdf","count":0},{"type":"image","count":0},{"type":"video","count":0},{"type":"audio","count":0},{"type":"zip","count":0},{"type":"other","count":0}],"thumbnail":{"width":121,"height":167,"asset_id":"2e1654768d5dd6f70b44ad61088edfbbd21b38d5870eae257adefa720b9a1fff","timestamp":1627910472,"image_type":"png"},"pub_year":2021,"genre":"article","rights":null,"peerReviewed":true,"unitInfo":{"displayName":"UC San Francisco Previously Published Works","link_path":"ucsf_postprints"}}],"facets":[{"display":"Type of Work","fieldName":"type_of_work","facets":[{"value":"article","count":124,"displayName":"Article"},{"value":"monograph","count":0,"displayName":"Book"},{"value":"dissertation","count":0,"displayName":"Theses"},{"value":"multimedia","count":0,"displayName":"Multimedia"}]},{"display":"Peer Review","fieldName":"peer_reviewed","facets":[{"value":"1","count":124,"displayName":"Peer-reviewed only"}]},{"display":"Supplemental Material","fieldName":"supp_file_types","facets":[{"value":"video","count":0,"displayName":"Video"},{"value":"audio","count":0,"displayName":"Audio"},{"value":"images","count":0,"displayName":"Images"},{"value":"zip","count":0,"displayName":"Zip"},{"value":"other files","count":0,"displayName":"Other files"}]},{"display":"Publication Year","fieldName":"pub_year","range":{"pub_year_start":null,"pub_year_end":null}},{"display":"Campus","fieldName":"campuses","facets":[{"value":"ucb","count":0,"displayName":"UC Berkeley"},{"value":"ucd","count":12,"displayName":"UC Davis"},{"value":"uci","count":9,"displayName":"UC Irvine"},{"value":"ucla","count":72,"displayName":"UCLA"},{"value":"ucm","count":0,"displayName":"UC Merced"},{"value":"ucr","count":0,"displayName":"UC Riverside"},{"value":"ucsd","count":115,"displayName":"UC San Diego"},{"value":"ucsf","count":62,"displayName":"UCSF"},{"value":"ucsb","count":4,"displayName":"UC Santa Barbara"},{"value":"ucsc","count":3,"displayName":"UC Santa Cruz"},{"value":"ucop","count":10,"displayName":"UC Office of the President"},{"value":"lbnl","count":6,"displayName":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory"},{"value":"anrcs","count":0,"displayName":"UC Agriculture & Natural Resources"}]},{"display":"Department","fieldName":"departments","facets":[{"value":"lbnl_cs","count":3,"displayName":"Computing Sciences"},{"value":"ucsdpsych","count":115,"displayName":"Department of Psychiatry, UCSD"},{"value":"lbnl_ees","count":5,"displayName":"Earth & Environmental Sciences"},{"value":"rgpo","count":10,"displayName":"Research Grants Program Office"},{"value":"ucsdsom","count":113,"displayName":"School of Medicine"},{"value":"uclapsych","count":63,"displayName":"UCLA Department of Psychology"}]},{"display":"Journal","fieldName":"journals","facets":[]},{"display":"Discipline","fieldName":"disciplines","facets":[]},{"display":"Reuse License","fieldName":"rights","facets":[{"value":"CC BY","count":2,"displayName":"BY - Attribution required"}]}]};</script> <script src="/js/vendors~app-bundle-7424603c338d723fd773.js"></script> <script src="/js/app-bundle-8362e6d7829414ab4baa.js"></script> </body> </html>