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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Executive_Branch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executive_Branch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Executive Branch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executive_Branch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Council_of_Ministers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Council_of_Ministers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Council of Ministers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Council_of_Ministers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parliament_of_Somalia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parliament_of_Somalia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Parliament of Somalia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parliament_of_Somalia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judiciary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judiciary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Judiciary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judiciary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_member_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_member_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Federal member states</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_member_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Healthcare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Healthcare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Healthcare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Healthcare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Identity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Identity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Identity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Identity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_and_police" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_and_police"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Military and police</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_and_police-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Capital" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capital"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Capital</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capital-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Passports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Passports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Passports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Passports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Federal Government of Somalia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="حكومة الصومال الفيدرالية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حكومة الصومال الفيدرالية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundesregierung_Somalias" title="Bundesregierung Somalias – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bundesregierung Somalias" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobierno_Federal_de_Somalia" title="Gobierno Federal de Somalia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gobierno Federal de Somalia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%85%D8%AA_%D9%81%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C" title="حکومت فدرال سومالی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حکومت فدرال سومالی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouvernement_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9ral_de_Somalie" title="Gouvernement fédéral de Somalie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gouvernement fédéral de Somalie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="संघीय गणराज्य सोमालिया – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="संघीय गणराज्य सोमालिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemerintah_Federal_Somalia" title="Pemerintah Federal Somalia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pemerintah Federal Somalia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governo_Federal_da_Som%C3%A1lia" title="Governo Federal da Somália – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Governo Federal da Somália" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Федеральное правительство Сомали – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Федеральное правительство Сомали" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawladda_federaalka_Soomaaliya" title="Dawladda federaalka Soomaaliya – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dawladda federaalka Soomaaliya" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="รัฐบาลกลางโซมาเลีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐบาลกลางโซมาเลีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="索马里联邦政府 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="索马里联邦政府" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5440239#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Internationally recognised government of Somalia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Somaliland" title="Government of Somaliland">Government of Somaliland</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Federal Government of Somalia</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg/150px-Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1240" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia" title="Coat of arms of Somalia">Coat of arms of Somalia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data">20 August 2012<span class="noprint">; 12 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2012-08-20</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founding document</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Somalia" title="Constitution of Somalia">Constitution of Somalia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jurisdiction</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.somalia.gov.so">www<wbr />.somalia<wbr />.gov<wbr />.so</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="vertical-align: middle; background-color:lavender;">Legislative branch</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliament_of_Somalia" title="Federal Parliament of Somalia">Federal Parliament</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="vertical-align: middle; background-color:lavender;">Executive branch</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Leader</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of Somalia">Prime minister of Somalia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/President_of_Somalia" title="President of Somalia">President of Somalia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Villa_Somalia" title="Villa Somalia">Villa Somalia</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="vertical-align: middle; background-color:lavender;">Judicial branch</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Seat</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mogadishu" title="Mogadishu">Mogadishu</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Federal Government of Somalia</b> (<b>FGS</b>; <a href="/wiki/Somali_language" title="Somali language">Somali</a>: <i lang="so">Dowladda Federaalka Soomaaliya</i>, DFS; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الحكومة الفيدرالية الصومالية</span>) is the internationally recognised government of <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>, and the first attempt to create a central government in Somalia since the <a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War" title="Somali Civil War">collapse</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Somali_Democratic_Republic" title="Somali Democratic Republic">Somali Democratic Republic</a>. It replaced the <a href="/wiki/Transitional_Federal_Government_of_Somalia" title="Transitional Federal Government of Somalia">Transitional Federal Government</a> (TFG) of Somalia on 20 August 2012 with the adoption of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Somalia" title="Constitution of Somalia">Constitution of Somalia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fcacsunesinpshm_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fcacsunesinpshm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It officially comprises the <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive</a> branch of government, with the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Somalia">parliament</a> serving as the <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislative</a> branch. It is headed by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Somalia" title="President of Somalia">President of Somalia</a>, to whom the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers" title="Council of Ministers">Council of Ministers</a> reports through the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Somalia">Prime Minister</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gttsdpc_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gttsdpc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Somali_Democratic_Republic" title="Somali Democratic Republic">Somali Democratic Republic</a> in 1991, there were no relations between the government of Somalia and the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Somaliland" title="Government of Somaliland">Somaliland government</a>, which declared itself an independent country. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Somalia" title="Politics of Somalia">Politics of Somalia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg/200px-Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg/300px-Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg/400px-Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1240" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <p><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League"><img alt="Arab League" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Member State of the Arab League</a></span> </p> <hr /></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Somalia" title="Constitution of Somalia">Constitution</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Somalia" title="Constitution of Somalia">Provisional Constitution</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Executive</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Somalia" title="President of Somalia">President</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Somalia" title="List of presidents of Somalia">List</a>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Sheikh_Mohamud" title="Hassan Sheikh Mohamud">Hassan Sheikh Mohamud</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Somalia" title="List of prime ministers of Somalia">Prime Minister</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Hamza_Abdi_Barre" title="Hamza Abdi Barre">Hamza Abdi Barre</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Council_of_Ministers" class="mw-redirect" title="Somali Council of Ministers">Council of Ministers</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliament_of_Somalia" title="Federal Parliament of Somalia">Legislature</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_Parliament_of_Somalia" title="List of speakers of the Parliament of Somalia">Speaker</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Aden_Madobe" title="Aden Madobe">Aden Madobe</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Federal_Parliament_of_Somalia" title="List of members of the Federal Parliament of Somalia">Members of the Federal Parliament</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Somalia" title="Judiciary of Somalia">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Somalia" title="Judiciary of Somalia">Judiciary</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Somalia" title="Elections in Somalia">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li>Recent elections <dl><dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Presidential: <a href="/wiki/2017_Somali_presidential_election" title="2017 Somali presidential election">2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Somali_presidential_election" title="2022 Somali presidential election">2022</a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Parliamentary: <a href="/wiki/2016_Somali_parliamentary_election" title="2016 Somali parliamentary election">2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%932022_Somali_parliamentary_election" title="2021–2022 Somali parliamentary election">2021–2022</a></li></ul></div></dd> <dd><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Referendum: <a href="/wiki/1979_Somali_constitutional_referendum" title="1979 Somali constitutional referendum">1979 <span style="font-size:85%;">(latest)</span></a></li></ul></div></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Somalia" title="Administrative divisions of Somalia">Administrative divisions</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/States_and_regions_of_Somalia" title="States and regions of Somalia">States and regions</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Galmudug" title="Galmudug">Galmudug</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hirshabelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Hirshabelle">Hirshabelle</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jubaland" title="Jubaland">Jubaland</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Puntland" title="Puntland">Puntland</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/South_West_State_of_Somalia" title="South West State of Somalia">South West Somalia</a></dd></dl></li> <li>Claimed territory <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></dd></dl></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Somalia" title="Foreign relations of Somalia">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Somalia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Somalia)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <dl><dd>Minister: <a href="/wiki/Abshir_Omar_Huruse" title="Abshir Omar Huruse">Abshir Omar Huruse</a></dd></dl></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Somalia" title="List of diplomatic missions of Somalia">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Somalia" title="List of diplomatic missions in Somalia">in Somalia</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somali_nationality_law" title="Somali nationality law">Somali nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_passport" title="Somali passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Somali_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Somali citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Somalia" title="Visa policy of Somalia">Visa policy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Other</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Somalia" title="List of political parties in Somalia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Somalia" title="Human rights in Somalia">Human rights</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Somalia" title="Portal:Somalia">Somalia portal</a> <div class="hlist" style="text-align:center;font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region" title="Outline of political science">Other countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Somalia" title="Template:Politics of Somalia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Somalia" title="Template talk:Politics of Somalia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Somalia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Somalia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Somalia" title="Constitution of Somalia">national constitution</a> lays out the basic way in which the government is to operate.<sup id="cite_ref-Gttsdpc_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gttsdpc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was passed on June 23, 2012, after several days of deliberation between Somali federal and regional politicians.<sup id="cite_ref-Aassladc_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aassladc-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To come into effect, the constitution must be ratified by the new parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the new constitution, Somalia, now officially known as the <i>Federal Republic of Somalia</i>, is a <a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">federation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FRSom_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FRSom-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Executive_Branch">Executive Branch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Government_of_Somalia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Executive Branch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of Somalia">List of Presidents of Somalia</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Somalia">List of Prime Ministers of Somalia</a></div> <p>The President is elected by the Parliament. The president serves as the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> and chooses the Prime Minister, who serves as the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a> and leads the Council of Ministers. According to Article 97 of the constitution, most executive powers of the Somali government are vested in the Council of Ministers.<sup id="cite_ref-Gttsdpc_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gttsdpc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The incumbent President of Somalia is <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Sheikh_Mohamud" title="Hassan Sheikh Mohamud">Hassan Sheikh Mohamud</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rslemanp_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rslemanp-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hamza_Abdi_Barre" title="Hamza Abdi Barre">Hamza Abdi Barre</a> is the national Prime Minister.<sup id="cite_ref-pmroble_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmroble-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Council_of_Ministers">Council of Ministers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Government_of_Somalia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Council of Ministers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_Somalia" title="Council of Ministers of Somalia">Council of Ministers of Somalia</a></div> <p>The Council is formally known as the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers" title="Council of Ministers">Council of Ministers</a> of the Federal Government of Somalia but is sometimes referred to as the Cabinet. Its members are appointed by the Prime Minister.<sup id="cite_ref-Gttsdpc_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gttsdpc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parliament_of_Somalia">Parliament of Somalia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Government_of_Somalia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Parliament of Somalia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliament_of_Somalia" title="Federal Parliament of Somalia">Federal Parliament of Somalia</a></div><p>The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Parliament_of_Somalia" title="Federal Parliament of Somalia">Federal Parliament of Somalia</a> elects the President and Prime Minister and has the authority to pass and <a href="/wiki/Veto" title="Veto">veto</a> laws.<sup id="cite_ref-Gttsdpc_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gttsdpc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is <a href="/wiki/Bicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicameral">bicameral</a>, and consists of a 275-seat <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">lower house</a>, as well as an <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">upper house</a>, capped at 54 representatives.<sup id="cite_ref-Ajssihnp_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ajssihnp-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By law, at least 30% of all MPs must be women.<sup id="cite_ref-Sgcctac_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sgcctac-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current Members of parliament were selected by a Technical Selection Committee, which was tasked with vetting potential legislators that were in turn nominated by a National Constituent Assembly consisting of elders.<sup id="cite_ref-Gslonpl_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gslonpl-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current Speaker of the Federal Parliament is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aaden_Maxamed_Nuur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aaden Maxamed Nuur (page does not exist)">Aaden Maxamed Nuur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Vspepfng_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vspepfng-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judiciary">Judiciary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Government_of_Somalia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Judiciary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Somalia" title="Judiciary of Somalia">Judiciary of Somalia</a></div> <p>The national court structure is organized into three tiers: the Constitutional Court, Federal Government level courts and <a href="/wiki/States_and_regions_of_Somalia" title="States and regions of Somalia">Federal Member State</a> level courts. A nine-member Judicial Service Commission appoints any Federal tier member of the judiciary. It also selects and presents potential Constitutional Court judges to the House of the People of the Federal Parliament for approval. If endorsed, the President appoints the candidate as a judge of the Constitutional Court. The five-member Constitutional Court adjudicates issues about the constitution, in addition to various Federal and sub-national matters.<sup id="cite_ref-Frspc_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frspc-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_member_states">Federal member states</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Government_of_Somalia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Federal member states"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/States_and_regions_of_Somalia" title="States and regions of Somalia">States and regions of Somalia</a></div> <p>Local state governments, officially recognized as the <i>Federal Member States</i>, have a degree of autonomy over regional affairs and maintain their police and security forces. However, they are constitutionally subject to the authority of the Government of the Federal Republic of Somalia. The national parliament is tasked with selecting the ultimate number and boundaries of the Federal Member States within the Federal Republic of Somalia.<sup id="cite_ref-FRSom_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FRSom-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gttsdpc_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gttsdpc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Government_of_Somalia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Somalia" title="Education in Somalia">Education in Somalia</a></div> <p>The Ministry of Education is officially responsible for education in Somalia. As of 24th June 2016, the institution is led by <a href="/wiki/Abdulkadir_Abdi_Hashi" title="Abdulkadir Abdi Hashi">Abdulkadir Abdi Hashi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gnmatc_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gnmatc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Healthcare">Healthcare</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Government_of_Somalia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Healthcare"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Ministry of Health heads the country's healthcare system. As of January 2015, the institution is led by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohamed_Xaji_Abdinur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohamed Xaji Abdinur (page does not exist)">Mohamed Xaji Abdinur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gnmatc_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gnmatc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Government_of_Somalia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The federal government has two main media outlets: <a href="/wiki/Radio_Mogadishu" title="Radio Mogadishu">Radio Mogadishu</a>, the state-run radio station and <a href="/wiki/Somali_National_Television" title="Somali National Television">Somali National Television</a>, the national television channel and Somali national news agency. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Identity">Identity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Government_of_Somalia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Identity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 2023, the federal government established the <a href="/wiki/NIRA_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="NIRA Somalia">National Identification and Registration Authority</a>, whose mandates includes developing a National Identification Number, designed to streamline administrative processes, enhance security, and mitigate fraud and corruption by verifying identities in both digital and in-person transactions.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_and_police">Military and police</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Government_of_Somalia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Military and police"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Somalia">Military of Somalia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Somali_Police_Force" title="Somali Police Force">Somali Police Force</a></div> <p>The central government's <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Somalia)" title="Ministry of Defence (Somalia)">Ministry of Defence</a> is officially responsible for the <a href="/wiki/Somali_Armed_Forces" title="Somali Armed Forces">Somali Armed Forces</a> and its various subdivisions.The Ministry is led by <a href="/wiki/Abdirashid_Abdullahi_Mohamed" title="Abdirashid Abdullahi Mohamed">Abdirashid Abdullahi Mohamed</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gnmatc_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gnmatc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Capital">Capital</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Government_of_Somalia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Capital"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mogadishu" title="Mogadishu">Mogadishu</a></div> <p>The constitution recognizes <a href="/wiki/Mogadishu" title="Mogadishu">Mogadishu</a> as the capital of Somalia. The Parliament of Somalia meets in the city, which is also the seat of the nation's <a href="/wiki/Supreme_court" title="Supreme court">Supreme Court</a>. In addition, Mogadishu is the location of the presidential palace, <a href="/wiki/Villa_Somalia" title="Villa Somalia">Villa Somalia</a>, where the President resides. The Prime Minister also lives in the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Government_of_Somalia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Somalia" title="Foreign relations of Somalia">Foreign relations of Somalia</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Somalia" title="List of diplomatic missions of Somalia">List of diplomatic missions of Somalia</a></div><p>The Federal Government of Somalia is internationally recognized as Somalia's official central government. It occupies the country's seat in the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, the <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation">Organisation of Islamic Cooperation</a> (OIC). The Somali federal government has a Permanent Representative and Deputy Permanent Representative to the United Nations. It also has <a href="/wiki/Embassy" class="mw-redirect" title="Embassy">embassies</a> in various countries.<sup id="cite_ref-Somali_Ministry_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Somali_Ministry-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additionally, there are various <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Somalia" title="List of diplomatic missions in Somalia">foreign diplomatic missions in Somalia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> maintains an embassy in Mogadishu,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Consulate#Consulates_and_embassies" title="Consulate">consulates</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hargeisa" title="Hargeisa">Hargeisa</a> in the self-declared Republic of <a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a><sup id="cite_ref-Etoss_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Etoss-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Garowe" class="mw-redirect" title="Garowe">Garowe</a> in <a href="/wiki/Puntland" title="Puntland">Puntland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Eocip_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eocip-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a> re-opened its embassy in Mogadishu in December 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following year, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> also re-opened its embassy in the capital after a twenty-year absence,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as did <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> followed suit in 2013,<sup id="cite_ref-Tcibroeis_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tcibroeis-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a> and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-Qdimm_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qdimm-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Scooeist_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scooeist-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> maintains a special diplomatic delegation and a Technical Mission to Mogadishu and is scheduled to re-open its embassy in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-Ifiwtreis_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ifiwtreis-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> likewise announced plans to re-open its embassy in Mogadishu.<sup id="cite_ref-Etroeim_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Etroeim-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2013, the United States announced that it was set to exchange diplomatic notes with the new central government of Somalia, re-establishing official ties with the country for the first time in 20 years.<sup id="cite_ref-Usstfrsgatyh_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Usstfrsgatyh-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Usstrsg_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Usstrsg-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Somalia%27s_diplomatic_missions.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Somalia%27s_diplomatic_missions.png/220px-Somalia%27s_diplomatic_missions.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Somalia%27s_diplomatic_missions.png/330px-Somalia%27s_diplomatic_missions.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Somalia%27s_diplomatic_missions.png/440px-Somalia%27s_diplomatic_missions.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>Current <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Somalia" title="List of diplomatic missions of Somalia">diplomatic missions of Somalia</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#23B14B; color:black;"> </span> Somalia</div></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Passports">Passports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Government_of_Somalia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Passports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For travel, Somali citizens can obtain a <a href="/wiki/Somali_passport" title="Somali passport">Somali passport</a> from government-designated locations or Somali embassies abroad. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Government_of_Somalia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Fcacsunesinpshm-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fcacsunesinpshm_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://allafrica.com/stories/201208220474.html">"Somalia: UN Envoy Says Inauguration of New Parliament in Somalia 'Historic Moment'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>AllAfrica</i>. 21 August 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140327164504/http://allafrica.com/stories/201208220474.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AllAfrica&rft.atitle=Somalia%3A+UN+Envoy+Says+Inauguration+of+New+Parliament+in+Somalia+%27Historic+Moment%27&rft.date=2012-08-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fallafrica.com%2Fstories%2F201208220474.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Government+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gttsdpc-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gttsdpc_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gttsdpc_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gttsdpc_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gttsdpc_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gttsdpc_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gttsdpc_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130120021547/http://unpos.unmissions.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=v067edqd7a8%3D&tabid=9705&language=en-US">"Guidebook to the Somali Draft Provisional Constitution"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unpos.unmissions.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=v067edqd7a8%3D&tabid=9705&language=en-US">the original</a> on 2013-01-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guidebook+to+the+Somali+Draft+Provisional+Constitution&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funpos.unmissions.org%2FLinkClick.aspx%3Ffileticket%3Dv067edqd7a8%253D%26tabid%3D9705%26language%3Den-US&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Government+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aassladc-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Aassladc_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.africanseer.com/general/203260-somalia-somali-leaders-adopt-draft-constitution.html">"Somalia: Somali Leaders Adopt Draft Constitution"</a>. ANP/AFP<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Somalia%3A+Somali+Leaders+Adopt+Draft+Constitution&rft.pub=ANP%2FAFP&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.africanseer.com%2Fgeneral%2F203260-somalia-somali-leaders-adopt-draft-constitution.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Government+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-19075685">"Somali leaders back new constitution"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></i>. 1 August 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201011154026/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-19075685/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Somali+leaders+back+new+constitution&rft.date=2012-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-19075685&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Government+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FRSom-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FRSom_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FRSom_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130120021519/http://dastuurkeenna.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/120708-Harmonized-Draft-Constitution-Eng-Tran-_incl-errata-changes.pdf">"The Federal Republic of Somalia - Harmonized Draft Constitution"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Federal Republic of Somalia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dastuurkeenna.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/120708-Harmonized-Draft-Constitution-Eng-Tran-_incl-errata-changes.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2013-01-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Federal+Republic+of+Somalia+-+Harmonized+Draft+Constitution&rft.pub=Federal+Republic+of+Somalia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdastuurkeenna.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F07%2F120708-Harmonized-Draft-Constitution-Eng-Tran-_incl-errata-changes.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Government+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rslemanp-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rslemanp_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/somalia-politics-idUSL5E8KAIUR20120910">"Somali lawmakers elect Mohamud as next president"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 10 September 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220527223556/https://www.reuters.com/article/somalia-politics-idUSL5E8KAIUR20120910">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Somali+lawmakers+elect+Mohamud+as+next+president&rft.date=2012-09-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fsomalia-politics-idUSL5E8KAIUR20120910&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Government+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmroble-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmroble_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/africa/somalia-parliament-approves-new-prime-minister">"Somalia Parliament Approves New Prime Minister"</a>. <i>VOANEWS</i>. 24 September 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200925183555/https://www.voanews.com/africa/somalia-parliament-approves-new-prime-minister">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=VOANEWS&rft.atitle=Somalia+Parliament+Approves+New+Prime+Minister&rft.date=2014-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fafrica%2Fsomalia-parliament-approves-new-prime-minister&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Government+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ajssihnp-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ajssihnp_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2012/08/2012818183718864689.html">"Somalia swears in historic new parliament"</a>. <i>Al Jazeera</i>. 20 August 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200801112655/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2012/08/2012818183718864689.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Somalia+swears+in+historic+new+parliament&rft.date=2012-08-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fafrica%2F2012%2F08%2F2012818183718864689.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Government+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sgcctac-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sgcctac_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Garowe_conference_comes_to_a_close.shtml">Somalia Garowe conference comes to a close</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120612110303/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Garowe_conference_comes_to_a_close.shtml">Archived</a> June 12, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gslonpl-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gslonpl_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121122200336/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_List_of_new_parliamentarians_leaked.shtml">"Somalia: List of new parliamentarians leaked"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_List_of_new_parliamentarians_leaked.shtml">the original</a> on 2012-11-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-08-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Somalia%3A+List+of+new+parliamentarians+leaked&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.garoweonline.com%2Fartman2%2Fpublish%2FSomalia_27%2FSomalia_List_of_new_parliamentarians_leaked.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Government+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vspepfng-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vspepfng_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/somali/war-61253550">"Somali Parliament Elects Speaker for New Gov't"</a>. <i>Voice of America</i>. 28 August 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220428050806/https://www.bbc.com/somali/war-61253550">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Voice+of+America&rft.atitle=Somali+Parliament+Elects+Speaker+for+New+Gov%27t&rft.date=2012-08-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fsomali%2Fwar-61253550&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Government+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frspc-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Frspc_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130124010543/http://www.somaliweyn.com/pages/news/Aug_12/Somalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf">"The Federal Republic of Somalia - Provisional Constitution"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.somaliweyn.com/pages/news/Aug_12/Somalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on January 24, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Federal+Republic+of+Somalia+-+Provisional+Constitution&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.somaliweyn.com%2Fpages%2Fnews%2FAug_12%2FSomalia_Constitution_English_FOR_WEB.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Government+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gnmatc-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gnmatc_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gnmatc_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gnmatc_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=9446">"Nominated Ministers and Their Clans"</a>. Goobjoog. 21 March 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230602020401/https://goobjoog.com/english/?p=9446">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Nominated+Ministers+and+Their+Clans&rft.date=2015-03-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgoobjoog.com%2Fenglish%2F%3Fp%3D9446&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Government+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIfiye2023" class="citation web cs1">Ifiye, Khadar (2023-03-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://horseedmedia.net/golaha-aqalka-sare-ee-baarlamaanka-soomaaliya-oo-ansixiyey-sharciga-aqoonsiga-iyo-diiwaangelinta-378136">"Golaha Aqalka sare ee baarlamaanka Soomaaliya oo ansixiyey sharciga Aqoonsiga iyo Diiwaangelinta"</a>. <i>Horseed Media</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240105112929/https://horseedmedia.net/golaha-aqalka-sare-ee-baarlamaanka-soomaaliya-oo-ansixiyey-sharciga-aqoonsiga-iyo-diiwaangelinta-378136">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-01-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-01-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Horseed+Media&rft.atitle=Golaha+Aqalka+sare+ee+baarlamaanka+Soomaaliya+oo+ansixiyey+sharciga+Aqoonsiga+iyo+Diiwaangelinta&rft.date=2023-03-11&rft.aulast=Ifiye&rft.aufirst=Khadar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhorseedmedia.net%2Fgolaha-aqalka-sare-ee-baarlamaanka-soomaaliya-oo-ansixiyey-sharciga-aqoonsiga-iyo-diiwaangelinta-378136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Government+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Somali_Ministry-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Somali_Ministry_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120208215144/http://www.mfa.somaligov.net/Somali%20Embassies.html">"Somali Ministry"</a>. <i>Ministry of Foreign Affairs</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.somaligov.net/Somali%20Embassies.html">the original</a> on 2012-02-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-08-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=Somali+Ministry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.somaligov.net%2FSomali%2520Embassies.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Government+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/568947">We urgently need an Embassy in Somalia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120910063948/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/568947">Archived</a> 2012-09-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Etoss-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Etoss_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/org/org_17923.html">"Ethiopian Trade Office Somaliland - Somalia"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120518202048/http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/org/org_17923.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-05-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-08-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ethiopian+Trade+Office+Somaliland+-+Somalia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afdevinfo.com%2Fhtmlreports%2Forg%2Forg_17923.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Government+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eocip-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Eocip_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100619101510/http://horseedmedia.net/2010/05/somalia-ethiopia-opens-consulate-in-puntland/">"SOMALIA: Ethiopia opens consulate in Puntland"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://horseedmedia.net/2010/05/somalia-ethiopia-opens-consulate-in-puntland/">the original</a> on 2010-06-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-08-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SOMALIA%3A+Ethiopia+opens+consulate+in+Puntland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhorseedmedia.net%2F2010%2F05%2Fsomalia-ethiopia-opens-consulate-in-puntland%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Government+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.demotix.com/news/536695/djibouti-government-opens-its-embassy-mogadishu">Djibouti Government Opens its Embassy in Mogadishu</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160116073353/http://www.demotix.com/news/536695/djibouti-government-opens-its-embassy-mogadishu">Archived</a> 2016-01-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://allafrica.com/stories/201103070057.html">"Somalia: India Reopens Its Embassy in Country After 20 Years"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121019011916/http://allafrica.com/stories/201103070057.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-10-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-08-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Somalia%3A+India+Reopens+Its+Embassy+in+Country+After+20+Years&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fallafrica.com%2Fstories%2F201103070057.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Government+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129130024/http://www.mfa.gov.tr/no_-248_-1-november-2011_-press-release-regarding-the-re-opening-of-the-turkish-embassy-in-mogadishu.en.mfa">"Press Release Regarding the Re-opening of the Turkish Embassy in Mogadishu"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.tr/no_-248_-1-november-2011_-press-release-regarding-the-re-opening-of-the-turkish-embassy-in-mogadishu.en.mfa">the original</a> on 2014-11-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-08-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Press+Release+Regarding+the+Re-opening+of+the+Turkish+Embassy+in+Mogadishu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.tr%2Fno_-248_-1-november-2011_-press-release-regarding-the-re-opening-of-the-turkish-embassy-in-mogadishu.en.mfa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Government+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tcibroeis-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tcibroeis_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170904063327/http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2013/04/26/2013042600493.html">"Britain Re-opens Embassy in Somalia"</a>. <i>The Chosun Ilbo</i>. 26 April 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2013/04/26/2013042600493.html">the original</a> on 4 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Chosun+Ilbo&rft.atitle=Britain+Re-opens+Embassy+in+Somalia&rft.date=2013-04-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.chosun.com%2Fsite%2Fdata%2Fhtml_dir%2F2013%2F04%2F26%2F2013042600493.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Government+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Qdimm-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Qdimm_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gulf-times.com/mobile//qatar/178/details/405445/qatari-diplomat-in-mogadishu-meeting">"Qatari diplomat in Mogadishu meeting"</a>. Gulf Times. 24 August 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140826114439/http://www.gulf-times.com/mobile//qatar/178/details/405445/qatari-diplomat-in-mogadishu-meeting">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Qatari+diplomat+in+Mogadishu+meeting&rft.date=2014-08-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gulf-times.com%2Fmobile%2F%2Fqatar%2F178%2Fdetails%2F405445%2Fqatari-diplomat-in-mogadishu-meeting&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Government+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scooeist-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Scooeist_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161226055401/http://www.raxanreeb.com/2014/10/somalia-china-officially-opens-embassy-in-somalia-today/">"SOMALIA: China officially opens embassy in Somalia today"</a>. Raxanreeb. 12 October 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.raxanreeb.com/2014/10/somalia-china-officially-opens-embassy-in-somalia-today/">the original</a> on 2016-12-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=SOMALIA%3A+China+officially+opens+embassy+in+Somalia+today&rft.date=2014-10-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.raxanreeb.com%2F2014%2F10%2Fsomalia-china-officially-opens-embassy-in-somalia-today%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Government+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ifiwtreis-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ifiwtreis_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jimmatimes.com/article/Latest_News/Latest_News/Italy_first_in_West_to_reopen_embassy_in_Somalia/32358">Italy first in West to reopen embassy in Somalia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120315072940/http://www.jimmatimes.com/article/Latest_News/Latest_News/Italy_first_in_West_to_reopen_embassy_in_Somalia/32358">Archived</a> March 15, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Etroeim-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Etroeim_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130313203241/http://sabahionline.com/en_GB/articles/hoa/articles/newsbriefs/2013/03/11/newsbrief-04">"Egypt to re-open embassy in Mogadishu"</a>. <i>Sabahi</i>. 11 March 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sabahionline.com/en_GB/articles/hoa/articles/newsbriefs/2013/03/11/newsbrief-04">the original</a> on 13 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sabahi&rft.atitle=Egypt+to+re-open+embassy+in+Mogadishu&rft.date=2013-03-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsabahionline.com%2Fen_GB%2Farticles%2Fhoa%2Farticles%2Fnewsbriefs%2F2013%2F03%2F11%2Fnewsbrief-04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Government+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Usstfrsgatyh-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Usstfrsgatyh_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/17/hillary-clinton-to-recognise-somalian-government">"US set to formally recognise Somali government after 20-year hiatus"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 17 January 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014516/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/17/hillary-clinton-to-recognise-somalian-government">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=US+set+to+formally+recognise+Somali+government+after+20-year+hiatus&rft.date=2013-01-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2013%2Fjan%2F17%2Fhillary-clinton-to-recognise-somalian-government&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Government+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Usstrsg-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Usstrsg_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130120051508/http://www.voanews.com/content/us-set-to-recognize-somali-government/1585876.html">"U.S. Set to Recognize Somali Government"</a>. <i>VOA</i>. 17 January 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voanews.com/content/us-set-to-recognize-somali-government/1585876.html">the original</a> on 20 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=VOA&rft.atitle=U.S.+Set+to+Recognize+Somali+Government&rft.date=2013-01-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fcontent%2Fus-set-to-recognize-somali-government%2F1585876.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+Government+of+Somalia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_Government_of_Somalia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220121094327/https://www.somalia.gov.so/">Federal Government of Somalia</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Somali_civil_war_(2009–present)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Somali_Civil_War_(2009%E2%80%93present)" title="Template:Somali Civil War (2009–present)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Somali_Civil_War_(2009%E2%80%93present)" title="Template talk:Somali Civil War (2009–present)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Somali_Civil_War_(2009%E2%80%93present)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Somali Civil War (2009–present)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Somali_civil_war_(2009–present)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Somali_civil_war_(2009%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Somali civil war (2009–present)">Somali civil war (2009–present)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Part of the <a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War" title="Somali Civil War">Somali Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Timeline</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2009_timeline_of_the_Somali_Civil_War" title="2009 timeline of the Somali Civil War">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_timeline_of_the_Somali_Civil_War" title="2010 timeline of the Somali Civil War">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_timeline_of_the_Somali_Civil_War" title="2011 timeline of the Somali Civil War">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_timeline_of_the_Somali_Civil_War" title="2012 timeline of the Somali Civil War">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_timeline_of_the_Somali_Civil_War" title="2013 timeline of the Somali Civil War">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_timeline_of_the_Somali_Civil_War" title="2014 timeline of the Somali Civil War">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_timeline_of_the_Somali_Civil_War" title="2015 timeline of the Somali Civil War">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_timeline_of_the_Somali_Civil_War" title="2016 timeline of the Somali Civil War">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_timeline_of_the_Somali_Civil_War" title="2017 timeline of the Somali Civil War">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_timeline_of_the_Somali_Civil_War" title="2018 timeline of the Somali Civil War">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_timeline_of_the_Somali_Civil_War" title="2019 timeline of the Somali Civil War">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_timeline_of_the_Somali_Civil_War" title="2020 timeline of the Somali Civil War">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_timeline_of_the_Somali_Civil_War" title="2021 timeline of the Somali Civil War">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_timeline_of_the_Somali_Civil_War" title="2022 timeline of the Somali Civil War">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_timeline_of_the_Somali_Civil_War" title="2023 timeline of the Somali Civil War">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_timeline_of_the_Somali_Civil_War" title="2024 timeline of the Somali Civil War">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Somalia_(1991%E2%80%932006)" title="History of Somalia (1991–2006)">History of Somalia (1991–2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Somalia" title="Greater Somalia">Greater Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Horn_of_Africa" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa">Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Civil_War" title="Somali Civil War">Somali Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Factions_in_the_Somali_Civil_War" title="Factions in the Somali Civil War">Factions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_and_humanitarian_efforts_in_the_Somali_Civil_War" title="Diplomatic and humanitarian efforts in the Somali Civil War">Diplomatic and humanitarian efforts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_the_War_in_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Propaganda in the War in Somalia">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disarmament_in_Somalia" title="Disarmament in Somalia">Disarmament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Islamic_Courts_Union_offensive" title="2006 Islamic Courts Union offensive">2006 Islamic Courts Union offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mogadishu_(2006)" title="Battle of Mogadishu (2006)">Battle of Mogadishu (2006)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian%E2%80%93Somali_conflict" title="Ethiopian–Somali conflict">Ethiopian–Somali conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Ogaden" title="Insurgency in Ogaden">Insurgency in Ogaden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempts_at_reconciliation_in_Somalia_(1991%E2%80%932004)" title="Attempts at reconciliation in Somalia (1991–2004)">Somali Reconciliation Conferences</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conference_on_National_Reconciliation_in_Somalia" title="Conference on National Reconciliation in Somalia">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Somali_Reconciliation_Conference" title="2002 Somali Reconciliation Conference">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Somali_National_Reconciliation_Conference" title="2007 Somali National Reconciliation Conference">2007</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operations<br />and battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Mogadishu" title="Battle of South Mogadishu">Battle of South Mogadishu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mogadishu_(2009)" title="Battle of Mogadishu (2009)">Battle of Mogadishu (2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_for_Central_Somalia_(2009)" title="Battle for Central Somalia (2009)">Battle for Central Somalia (2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wabho" title="Battle of Wabho">Battle of Wabho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kismayo_(2009)" title="Battle of Kismayo (2009)">Battle of Kismayo (2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beledweyne_(2010)" title="Battle of Beledweyne (2010)">Battle of Beledweyne (2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Somaliland_border" title="Ethiopia–Somaliland border">2010 Ayn clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Kenya%E2%80%93Al-Shabaab_border_clash" title="2010 Kenya–Al-Shabaab border clash">2010 Kenya–Al-Shabaab border clash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mogadishu_(2010%E2%80%932011)" title="Battle of Mogadishu (2010–2011)">Battle of Mogadishu (2010–2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jubbada_Hoose" title="Battle of Jubbada Hoose">Battle of Jubbada Hoose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gedo" title="Battle of Gedo">Battle of Gedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Elwaq" title="Battle of Elwaq">Battle of Elwaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Linda_Nchi" title="Operation Linda Nchi">Operation Linda Nchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Deynile" title="Battle of Deynile">Battle of Deynile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beledweyne_(2011)" title="Battle of Beledweyne (2011)">Battle of Beledweyne (2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yurkud_(2012)" title="Battle of Yurkud (2012)">Battle of Yurkud (2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kismayo_(2012)" title="Battle of Kismayo (2012)">Battle of Kismayo (2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulo_Marer_hostage_rescue_attempt" title="Bulo Marer hostage rescue attempt">Bulo Marer hostage rescue attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Indian_Ocean" title="Operation Indian Ocean">Operation Indian Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galgala_campaign" title="Galgala campaign">Galgala campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baure" title="Battle of Baure">Battle of Baure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leego_(2015)" title="Battle of Leego (2015)">Battle of Leego (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Janale_(2015)" title="Battle of Janale (2015)">Battle of Janale (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_El_Adde" title="Battle of El Adde">Battle of El Adde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qandala_campaign" title="Qandala campaign">Qandala campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kulbiyow" title="Battle of Kulbiyow">Battle of Kulbiyow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_raid_on_Barii" title="2017 raid on Barii">2017 raid on Barii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Af_Urur" title="Battle of Af Urur">Battle of Af Urur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Golweyn_ambush" title="2017 Golweyn ambush">2017 Golweyn ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2017_Somalia_airstrike" title="November 2017 Somalia airstrike">November 2017 Somalia airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_African_Union_base_attack_in_Bulo_Marer" title="2018 African Union base attack in Bulo Marer">2018 African Union base attack in Bulo Marer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2018_airstrikes_in_Gandarshe" title="December 2018 airstrikes in Gandarshe">December 2018 airstrikes in Gandarshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Simba_attack" title="Camp Simba attack">Camp Simba attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Mogadishu_mutiny" title="2021 Mogadishu mutiny">2021 Mogadishu mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Golweyn_ambush" title="2021 Golweyn ambush">2021 Golweyn ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Galmudug_clashes" title="2021 Galmudug clashes">2021 Galmudug clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_al-Shabaab_invasion_of_Ethiopia" title="2022 al-Shabaab invasion of Ethiopia">2022 al-Shabaab invasion of Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bal%27ad" title="Battle of Bal'ad">Battle of Bal'ad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Runirgod" title="Battle of Runirgod">Battle of Runirgod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Buulo_Mareer" title="Battle of Buulo Mareer">Battle of Buulo Mareer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attacks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2009_African_Union_base_bombings_in_Mogadishu" title="2009 African Union base bombings in Mogadishu">2009 African Union base bombings in Mogadishu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Beledweyne_bombing" title="2009 Beledweyne bombing">2009 Beledweyne bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Hotel_Shamo_bombing" title="2009 Hotel Shamo bombing">2009 Hotel Shamo bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2010_Mogadishu_bombings" title="May 2010 Mogadishu bombings">May 2010 Mogadishu bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Kampala_bombings" title="2010 Kampala bombings">2010 Kampala bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muna_Hotel_attack" title="Muna Hotel attack">Muna Hotel attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Mogadishu_bombing" title="2011 Mogadishu bombing">2011 Mogadishu bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2013_Mogadishu_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="June 2013 Mogadishu attack">June 2013 Mogadishu attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Mogadishu_Turkish_embassy_attack" title="2013 Mogadishu Turkish embassy attack">2013 Mogadishu Turkish embassy attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westgate_shopping_mall_attack" title="Westgate shopping mall attack">Westgate shopping mall attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Beledweyne_attacks" title="2013 Beledweyne attacks">2013 Beledweyne attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Villa_Somalia_attack" title="2014 Villa Somalia attack">2014 Villa Somalia attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Hotel_Amalo_attack" title="2014 Hotel Amalo attack">2014 Hotel Amalo attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Hotel_attack" title="Central Hotel attack">Central Hotel attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makka_al-Mukarama_hotel_attack" title="Makka al-Mukarama hotel attack">Makka al-Mukarama hotel attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garissa_University_College_attack" title="Garissa University College attack">Garissa University College attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Ministry_of_Higher_Education_attack" title="2015 Ministry of Higher Education attack">2015 Ministry of Higher Education attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garowe_attack" title="Garowe attack">Garowe attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazeera_Palace_Hotel_bombing" title="Jazeera Palace Hotel bombing">Jazeera Palace Hotel bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahafi_Hotel_attacks" title="Sahafi Hotel attacks">Sahafi Hotel attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2016_Mogadishu_attack" title="January 2016 Mogadishu attack">January 2016 Mogadishu attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daallo_Airlines_Flight_159" title="Daallo Airlines Flight 159">Daallo Airlines Flight 159</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_Mogadishu_attack" title="February 2016 Mogadishu attack">February 2016 Mogadishu attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baidoa_suicide_bombing" title="Baidoa suicide bombing">Baidoa suicide bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2016_Mogadishu_attacks" title="June 2016 Mogadishu attacks">June 2016 Mogadishu attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Galkayo_bombings" title="2016 Galkayo bombings">2016 Galkayo bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2016_Mogadishu_car_bombing" title="November 2016 Mogadishu car bombing">November 2016 Mogadishu car bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2016_Mogadishu_suicide_bombing" title="December 2016 Mogadishu suicide bombing">December 2016 Mogadishu suicide bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_January_2017_Mogadishu_bombings" title="2 January 2017 Mogadishu bombings">2 January 2017 Mogadishu bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayah_Hotel_attack" title="Dayah Hotel attack">Dayah Hotel attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2017_Mogadishu_bombing" title="February 2017 Mogadishu bombing">February 2017 Mogadishu bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14_October_2017_Mogadishu_bombings" title="14 October 2017 Mogadishu bombings">14 October 2017 Mogadishu bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_October_2017_Mogadishu_attacks" title="28 October 2017 Mogadishu attacks">28 October 2017 Mogadishu attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2018_Mogadishu_attacks" title="February 2018 Mogadishu attacks">February 2018 Mogadishu attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2018_Mogadishu_bombing" title="March 2018 Mogadishu bombing">March 2018 Mogadishu bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2018_Mogadishu_bombings" title="July 2018 Mogadishu bombings">July 2018 Mogadishu bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_September_2018_Mogadishu_bombing" title="2 September 2018 Mogadishu bombing">2 September 2018 Mogadishu bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahafi_Hotel_attacks" title="Sahafi Hotel attacks">Sahafi Hotel attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2018_Mogadishu_bombing" title="December 2018 Mogadishu bombing">December 2018 Mogadishu bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nairobi_DusitD2_complex_attack" title="Nairobi DusitD2 complex attack">Nairobi DusitD2 complex attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nairobi_Latema_Road_blast" title="Nairobi Latema Road blast">Nairobi Latema Road blast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_February_2019_Mogadishu_bombing" title="4 February 2019 Mogadishu bombing">4 February 2019 Mogadishu bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28_February_2019_Mogadishu_bombings" title="28 February 2019 Mogadishu bombings">28 February 2019 Mogadishu bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asasey_Hotel_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Asasey Hotel attack">Asasey Hotel attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/22_July_2019_Mogadishu_bombing" title="22 July 2019 Mogadishu bombing">22 July 2019 Mogadishu bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24_July_2019_Mogadishu_bombing" title="24 July 2019 Mogadishu bombing">24 July 2019 Mogadishu bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Kenya_bus_shooting" title="2019 Kenya bus shooting">2019 Kenya bus shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2019_Mogadishu_bombing" title="December 2019 Mogadishu bombing">December 2019 Mogadishu bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Afgooye_bombing" title="2020 Afgooye bombing">2020 Afgooye bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Mogadishu_army_base_bombing" title="2020 Mogadishu army base bombing">2020 Mogadishu army base bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Mogadishu_hotel_attack" title="2020 Mogadishu hotel attack">2020 Mogadishu hotel attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Galkayo_bombing" title="2020 Galkayo bombing">2020 Galkayo bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2021_Mogadishu_bombing" title="March 2021 Mogadishu bombing">March 2021 Mogadishu bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2021_Mogadishu_bombing" title="June 2021 Mogadishu bombing">June 2021 Mogadishu bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2021_Mogadishu_bombing" title="November 2021 Mogadishu bombing">November 2021 Mogadishu bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Mandera_attack" title="2022 Mandera attack">2022 Mandera attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2022_Beledweyne_bombing" title="February 2022 Beledweyne bombing">February 2022 Beledweyne bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2022_Somalia_attacks" title="March 2022 Somalia attacks">March 2022 Somalia attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2022_Mogadishu_bombing" title="April 2022 Mogadishu bombing">April 2022 Mogadishu bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2022_Mogadishu_attack" title="August 2022 Mogadishu attack">August 2022 Mogadishu attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2022_Beledweyne_attack" title="September 2022 Beledweyne attack">September 2022 Beledweyne attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2022_Beledweyne_bombings" title="October 2022 Beledweyne bombings">October 2022 Beledweyne bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Kismayo_hotel_attack" title="2022 Kismayo hotel attack">2022 Kismayo hotel attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2022_Mogadishu_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="October 2022 Mogadishu bombings">October 2022 Mogadishu bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_Villa_Rossa_Hotel" title="Siege of the Villa Rossa Hotel">Siege of the Villa Rossa Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahas_bombings" title="Mahas bombings">Mahas bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Mogadishu_hotel_attack" title="2023 Mogadishu hotel attack">2023 Mogadishu hotel attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogadishu_military_academy_bombing" title="Mogadishu military academy bombing">Mogadishu military academy bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Beledweyne_bombing" title="2023 Beledweyne bombing">2023 Beledweyne bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogadishu_tea_shop_bombing" title="Mogadishu tea shop bombing">Mogadishu tea shop bombing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom_%E2%80%93_Horn_of_Africa" title="Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa">OEF–HOA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2009_Baraawe_raid" title="2009 Baraawe raid">2009 Baraawe raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulo_Marer_hostage_rescue_attempt" title="Bulo Marer hostage rescue attempt">Bulo Marer hostage rescue attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_raid_on_Barawe" title="2013 raid on Barawe">2013 raid on Barawe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_raid_on_Barii" title="2017 raid on Barii">2017 raid on Barii</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Noramfaizul_Mohd_Nor" title="Death of Noramfaizul Mohd Nor">Death of Noramfaizul Mohd Nor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Somalia_Conference" title="London Somalia Conference">London Somalia Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdiaziz_Abdinur_Ibrahim_controversy" title="Abdiaziz Abdinur Ibrahim controversy">Abdiaziz Abdinur Ibrahim controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daallo_Airlines_Flight_159" title="Daallo Airlines Flight 159">Daallo Airlines Flight 159</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awdiinle_massacre" title="Awdiinle massacre">Awdiinle massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key players</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(militant_group)" title="Al-Shabaab (militant group)">Al-Shabaab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mukhtar_Robow" title="Mukhtar Robow">Mukhtar Robow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Dhere" title="Ali Dhere">Ali Dhere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuad_Qalaf" title="Fuad Qalaf">Fuad Qalaf</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/15px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Jihad.svg/30px-Flag_of_Jihad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hizbul_Islam" title="Hizbul Islam">Hizbul Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Dahir_Aweys" title="Hassan Dahir Aweys">Hassan Dahir Aweys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Abdullah_Hersi_al-Turki" title="Hassan Abdullah Hersi al-Turki">Hassan Abdullah Hersi al-Turki</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia"><img alt="Somalia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Federal Government of Somalia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Sheikh_Mohamud" title="Hassan Sheikh Mohamud">Hassan Sheikh Mohamud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Sharmarke" title="Omar Sharmarke">Omar Sharmarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Sheikh_Hassan" title="Mohamed Sheikh Hassan">Mohamed Sheikh Hassan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia"><img alt="Somalia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ahlu_Sunna_Waljama%27a" title="Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a">Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia"><img alt="Somalia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/15px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Galmudug" title="Galmudug">Galmudug</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdi_Hasan_Awale" title="Abdi Hasan Awale">Abdi Hasan Awale</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Puntland.svg/15px-Flag_of_Puntland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Puntland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Puntland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Puntland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Puntland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Puntland" title="Puntland">Puntland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdiweli_Gaas" title="Abdiweli Gaas">Abdiweli Gaas</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_to_Somalia" title="African Union Mission to Somalia">AMISOM</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States <a href="/wiki/United_States_Africa_Command" title="United States Africa Command">AFRICOM</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/15px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/23px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Islamic_State_flag.svg/30px-Islamic_State_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_in_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State in Somalia">Islamic State in Somalia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Previous phase: <a href="/wiki/War_in_Somalia_(2006%E2%80%932009)" title="War in Somalia (2006–2009)">War in Somalia (2006–2009)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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