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Find me here:  https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Maikel-Kuijpers <br /><br />In an increasingly polarised world and facing several societal challenges archaeology is not only about objects and the past, but about people and the future.<br /><br />* Core research areas: craft, cognition, skill, material use over time<br />* Making a case for material intelligence: working with your hands is a way of knowing.<br />* Concerned with the value of the past in terms of politics, grand narratives, business, and tackling societal challenges.<br /><b>Address: </b>Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span><a class="ri-more-link js-profile-ri-list-card" data-click-track="profile-user-info-primary-research-interest" data-has-card-for-ri-list="157693292">View All (10)</a></div><div 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/><img alt="Play" class="play-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/video-play-icon.svg" /><div class="video-duration">12:28</div></div></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" href="https://www.academia.edu/video/jya7Nj">The Future is Handmade</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A MINI-DOCUMENTARY on skill, featuring Richard Sennett, Trevor Marchand, and Glenn Adamson. Prese...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A MINI-DOCUMENTARY on skill, featuring Richard Sennett, Trevor Marchand, and Glenn Adamson. Presented by The Craftsmanship Initiative, in collaboration with The Centre for Global Heritage and <br />Development. Read the full story here: <a href="https://craftsmanship.net/the-future-is-handmade/" rel="nofollow">https://craftsmanship.net/the-future-is-handmade/</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-video-id="jya7Nj"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" href="https://leidenuni.academia.edu/video/edit/jya7Nj" rel="nofollow" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-video-id="jya7Nj">20 views</span></span></span></div></div></div><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Books" id="Books"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Books by Maikel Kuijpers</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44922200"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44922200/An_Archaeology_of_Skill_Metalworking_Skill_and_Material_Specialization_in_Early_Bronze_Age_Central_Europe"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of An Archaeology of Skill. Metalworking Skill and Material Specialization in Early Bronze Age Central Europe" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65446549/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44922200/An_Archaeology_of_Skill_Metalworking_Skill_and_Material_Specialization_in_Early_Bronze_Age_Central_Europe">An Archaeology of Skill. Metalworking Skill and Material Specialization in Early Bronze Age Central Europe</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Routledge Studies in Archaeology</span><span>, Mar 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Material is the mother of innovation and it is through skill that innovations are brought about. ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Material is the mother of innovation and it is through skill that innovations are brought about. This core thesis that is developed in this book identifies skill as the linchpin of-and missing link between-studies on craft, creativity , innovation, and material culture. Through a detailed study of early Bronze Age axes the question is tackled of what it involves to be skilled, providing an evidence-based argument about levels of skill. The unique contribution of this work is that it lays out a theoretical framework and methodology through which an empirical analysis of skill is achievable. A specific chaîne opératoire for metal axes is used that compares not only what techniques were used, but also how they were applied. A large corpus of axes is compared in terms of what skills and attention were given at the different stages of their production. The ideas developed in this book are of interest to the emerging trend of 'material thinking' in the human and social sciences. At the same time, it looks towards and augments the development in craft-studies, recognising the many different aspects of craft in contemporary and past societies, and the particular relationship that craftspeople have with their material. Drawing together these two distinct fields of research will stimulate (re)thinking of how to integrate production with discussions of other aspects of object biographies, and how we link arguments about value to social models. Maikel H.G. Kuijpers holds a PhD from Cambridge University and is currently a lecturer in European Prehistory at the Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, the Netherlands. His main research topics are technology , craftsmanship, and skill which he explores both in archaeology as well as contemporary society.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2d549829b1bc78fa642ad9662fe5147e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65446549,"asset_id":44922200,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65446549/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44922200"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44922200"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44922200; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44922200]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44922200]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44922200; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44922200']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44922200, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "2d549829b1bc78fa642ad9662fe5147e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44922200]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44922200,"title":"An Archaeology of Skill. 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A research into the preservation of metallurgy related artefacts and the social position of the smith." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65447298/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44922897/Bronze_Age_Metalworking_in_the_Netherlands_c_2000_800BC_A_research_into_the_preservation_of_metallurgy_related_artefacts_and_the_social_position_of_the_smith">Bronze Age Metalworking in the Netherlands (c.2000-800BC). A research into the preservation of metallurgy related artefacts and the social position of the smith.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Bronze Age Metalworking in the Netherlands</span><span>, 2008</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Almost fifty years ago J.J. Butler started his research to trace the possible remains of a Bronze...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Almost fifty years ago J.J. Butler started his research to trace the<br />possible remains of a Bronze Age metalworkers workshop in the<br />Netherlands. Yet, while metalworking has been deduced on the<br />ground of the existence regional types of axes and some scarce<br />finds related to metalworking, the production locus of the smith<br />has remained elusive. In this Research Master Thesis I have tried<br />to tackle this problem. I have considered both the social as well as<br />the technological aspects of metalworking to be able to determine<br />conclusively whether metalworking took place in the Netherlands<br />or not.<br />The first part of the thesis revolves around the social position<br />of the smith and the social organization of metalworking. My<br />approach entailed a re-evaluation of the current theories on<br />metalworking, which I believe to be unfounded and one-sided.<br />They tend to disregard production of everyday objects of which<br />the most prominent example is the axe.<br />The second part deals with the technological aspects of<br />metalworking and how these processes are manifested in the<br />archaeological record. Based on evidence from archaeological sites<br />elsewhere in Europe and with the aid of experimental archaeology a<br />metalworking toolkit is constructed. Finally, a method is presented<br />which might help archaeologists recognize the production locus<br />of a Bronze Age smith.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ec3f0c90ab87da08b10a78325426f199" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65447298,"asset_id":44922897,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65447298/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44922897"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44922897"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44922897; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44922897]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44922897]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44922897; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44922897']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44922897, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "ec3f0c90ab87da08b10a78325426f199" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44922897]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44922897,"title":"Bronze Age Metalworking in the Netherlands (c.2000-800BC). A research into the preservation of metallurgy related artefacts and the social position of the smith.","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Almost fifty years ago J.J. Butler started his research to trace the\npossible remains of a Bronze Age metalworkers workshop in the\nNetherlands. Yet, while metalworking has been deduced on the\nground of the existence regional types of axes and some scarce\nfinds related to metalworking, the production locus of the smith\nhas remained elusive. In this Research Master Thesis I have tried\nto tackle this problem. I have considered both the social as well as\nthe technological aspects of metalworking to be able to determine\nconclusively whether metalworking took place in the Netherlands\nor not.\nThe first part of the thesis revolves around the social position\nof the smith and the social organization of metalworking. My\napproach entailed a re-evaluation of the current theories on\nmetalworking, which I believe to be unfounded and one-sided.\nThey tend to disregard production of everyday objects of which\nthe most prominent example is the axe.\nThe second part deals with the technological aspects of\nmetalworking and how these processes are manifested in the\narchaeological record. Based on evidence from archaeological sites\nelsewhere in Europe and with the aid of experimental archaeology a\nmetalworking toolkit is constructed. Finally, a method is presented\nwhich might help archaeologists recognize the production locus\nof a Bronze Age smith.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2008,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Bronze Age Metalworking in the Netherlands"},"translated_abstract":"Almost fifty years ago J.J. Butler started his research to trace the\npossible remains of a Bronze Age metalworkers workshop in the\nNetherlands. Yet, while metalworking has been deduced on the\nground of the existence regional types of axes and some scarce\nfinds related to metalworking, the production locus of the smith\nhas remained elusive. In this Research Master Thesis I have tried\nto tackle this problem. I have considered both the social as well as\nthe technological aspects of metalworking to be able to determine\nconclusively whether metalworking took place in the Netherlands\nor not.\nThe first part of the thesis revolves around the social position\nof the smith and the social organization of metalworking. My\napproach entailed a re-evaluation of the current theories on\nmetalworking, which I believe to be unfounded and one-sided.\nThey tend to disregard production of everyday objects of which\nthe most prominent example is the axe.\nThe second part deals with the technological aspects of\nmetalworking and how these processes are manifested in the\narchaeological record. Based on evidence from archaeological sites\nelsewhere in Europe and with the aid of experimental archaeology a\nmetalworking toolkit is constructed. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Refereed journal articles" id="Refereed journal articles"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Refereed journal articles by Maikel Kuijpers</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44945860"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44945860/The_origins_of_money_Calculation_of_similarity_indexes_demonstrates_the_earliest_development_of_commodity_money_in_prehistoric_Central_Europe"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The origins of money: Calculation of similarity indexes demonstrates the earliest development of commodity money in prehistoric Central Europe" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65475212/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44945860/The_origins_of_money_Calculation_of_similarity_indexes_demonstrates_the_earliest_development_of_commodity_money_in_prehistoric_Central_Europe">The origins of money: Calculation of similarity indexes demonstrates the earliest development of commodity money in prehistoric Central Europe</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuni.academia.edu/MaikelKuijpers">Maikel Kuijpers</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://utwente.academia.edu/CatalinPopa">Catalin N Popa</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>PLOS One</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The origins of money and the formulation of coherent weight and measurement systems are amongst t...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The origins of money and the formulation of coherent weight and measurement systems are amongst the most significant prehistoric developments of the human intellect. We present a method for detecting perceptible standardization of weights and apply this to 5028 Early Bronze Age rings, ribs, and axe blades from Central Europe. We calculate the degree of uniformity on the basis of psychophysics, and quantify this using similarity indexes. The analysis shows that 70.3% of all rings could not be perceptibly distinguished from a ring weighing 195.5 grams, indicating their suitability as commodity money. Perceptive weight equivalence is demonstrated between rings, and a selection of ribs and axe blades. Co-occurrence of these objects evidences their interchangeability. We further suggest that producing copies of rings led to recognition of weight similarities and the independent emergence of a system of weighing in Central Europe at the end of the Early Bronze Age.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="74f3a314cefd7796b4db8f804060017e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65475212,"asset_id":44945860,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65475212/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44945860"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44945860"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44945860; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44945860]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44945860]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44945860; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44945860']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44945860, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "74f3a314cefd7796b4db8f804060017e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44945860]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44945860,"title":"The origins of money: Calculation of similarity indexes demonstrates the earliest development of commodity money in prehistoric Central Europe","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0240462","abstract":"The origins of money and the formulation of coherent weight and measurement systems are amongst the most significant prehistoric developments of the human intellect. We present a method for detecting perceptible standardization of weights and apply this to 5028 Early Bronze Age rings, ribs, and axe blades from Central Europe. We calculate the degree of uniformity on the basis of psychophysics, and quantify this using similarity indexes. The analysis shows that 70.3% of all rings could not be perceptibly distinguished from a ring weighing 195.5 grams, indicating their suitability as commodity money. Perceptive weight equivalence is demonstrated between rings, and a selection of ribs and axe blades. Co-occurrence of these objects evidences their interchangeability. We further suggest that producing copies of rings led to recognition of weight similarities and the independent emergence of a system of weighing in Central Europe at the end of the Early Bronze Age.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2021,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"PLOS One"},"translated_abstract":"The origins of money and the formulation of coherent weight and measurement systems are amongst the most significant prehistoric developments of the human intellect. We present a method for detecting perceptible standardization of weights and apply this to 5028 Early Bronze Age rings, ribs, and axe blades from Central Europe. We calculate the degree of uniformity on the basis of psychophysics, and quantify this using similarity indexes. The analysis shows that 70.3% of all rings could not be perceptibly distinguished from a ring weighing 195.5 grams, indicating their suitability as commodity money. Perceptive weight equivalence is demonstrated between rings, and a selection of ribs and axe blades. Co-occurrence of these objects evidences their interchangeability. We further suggest that producing copies of rings led to recognition of weight similarities and the independent emergence of a system of weighing in Central Europe at the end of the Early Bronze Age.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44945860/The_origins_of_money_Calculation_of_similarity_indexes_demonstrates_the_earliest_development_of_commodity_money_in_prehistoric_Central_Europe","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-01-21T01:22:18.719-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":157693292,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":36180027,"work_id":44945860,"tagging_user_id":157693292,"tagged_user_id":86583,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"p***n@yahoo.com","affiliation":"University of Twente","display_order":1,"name":"Catalin N Popa","title":"The origins of money: Calculation of similarity indexes demonstrates the earliest development of commodity money in prehistoric Central 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href="https://www.academia.edu/44929879/The_Bronze_Age_a_World_of_Specialists_Metalworking_from_the_Perspective_of_Skill_and_Material_Specialization"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Bronze Age, a World of Specialists? Metalworking from the Perspective of Skill and Material Specialization" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65455527/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44929879/The_Bronze_Age_a_World_of_Specialists_Metalworking_from_the_Perspective_of_Skill_and_Material_Specialization">The Bronze Age, a World of Specialists? Metalworking from the Perspective of Skill and Material Specialization</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>European Journal of Archaeology</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This article starts from the observation that the social persona of 'specialist' is an important ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This article starts from the observation that the social persona of 'specialist' is an important analytical unit in archaeology, typically to model social (craft) organization from a Marxist perspective. This has caused this concept to solidify around economic rather than material concerns. I argue that the 'specialist' has become too much an ideational concept that is no longer accurately rooted in archaeological artefacts. Hence, through a brief exploration of Early Bronze Age axes, my aim is to highlight technical skill and use this to reveal different levels of material specialization. On this basis, I suggest moving beyond the umbrella term of 'specialist' and using four, more precise analytical units that are better equipped to accommodate the qualitative diversity of material cultures: the amateur, showing basic knowledge but little refinement; the craftsperson, producing well-made practical objects; the master, striving for perfection and setting the norm; and the virtuoso, taking risks in creating original and unique products.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="be73a457f33088cb8fb806bd8aaed698" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65455527,"asset_id":44929879,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65455527/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44929879"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44929879"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44929879; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44929879]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44929879]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44929879; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44929879']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44929879, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "be73a457f33088cb8fb806bd8aaed698" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44929879]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44929879,"title":"The Bronze Age, a World of Specialists? 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On this basis, I suggest moving beyond the umbrella term of 'specialist' and using four, more precise analytical units that are better equipped to accommodate the qualitative diversity of material cultures: the amateur, showing basic knowledge but little refinement; the craftsperson, producing well-made practical objects; the master, striving for perfection and setting the norm; and the virtuoso, taking risks in creating original and unique products.","page_numbers":"550-571","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2018,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"European Journal of Archaeology"},"translated_abstract":"This article starts from the observation that the social persona of 'specialist' is an important analytical unit in archaeology, typically to model social (craft) organization from a Marxist perspective. This has caused this concept to solidify around economic rather than material concerns. 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On this basis, I suggest moving beyond the umbrella term of 'specialist' and using four, more precise analytical units that are better equipped to accommodate the qualitative diversity of material cultures: the amateur, showing basic knowledge but little refinement; the craftsperson, producing well-made practical objects; the master, striving for perfection and setting the norm; and the virtuoso, taking risks in creating original and unique products.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44929879/The_Bronze_Age_a_World_of_Specialists_Metalworking_from_the_Perspective_of_Skill_and_Material_Specialization","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-01-18T12:41:10.431-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":157693292,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65455527,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65455527/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"bronze_age_a_world_of_specialists_metalworking_from_the_perspective_of_skill_and_material_specialization.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65455527/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Bronze_Age_a_World_of_Specialists_Me.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/65455527/bronze_age_a_world_of_specialists_metalworking_from_the_perspective_of_skill_and_material_specialization-libre.pdf?1611006860=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Bronze_Age_a_World_of_Specialists_Me.pdf\u0026Expires=1732495671\u0026Signature=KIE9UFvrRXWvun--ENHpirjDOop15HYTcErz7Xom7PrKUHkP-AnfmzvoypdHsxFJaua18-dkm3JLtjTAf5ZqJzfrx-8onO8SpMeeVsOmMfK1h6qOpabVzqcVMTGgvJTxLNo9HQHEJQ7nMy1qLE1DHfSGoGPmGklOzIrkTzd9XBjBphrvKsH-4JXVUgBcRU6bPTlJXC7YY3zCziJVb9sbKHfg1QJxdtQLLF5xMe1mGfgnbERqjnGoWuDXVKFp9HOiJ5I50OveSER5owtBFvrZqIDqHF5tNWMBh4DmMcQiwcN9ta0hkBV5frp1WkHSsErH-hmDCUipOzYdQRNnthsJXQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"The_Bronze_Age_a_World_of_Specialists_Metalworking_from_the_Perspective_of_Skill_and_Material_Specialization","translated_slug":"","page_count":22,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":157693292,"first_name":"Maikel","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kuijpers","page_name":"MaikelKuijpers","domain_name":"leidenuni","created_at":"2020-05-11T23:47:31.088-07:00","display_name":"Maikel Kuijpers","url":"https://leidenuni.academia.edu/MaikelKuijpers"},"attachments":[{"id":65455527,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65455527/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"bronze_age_a_world_of_specialists_metalworking_from_the_perspective_of_skill_and_material_specialization.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65455527/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Bronze_Age_a_World_of_Specialists_Me.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/65455527/bronze_age_a_world_of_specialists_metalworking_from_the_perspective_of_skill_and_material_specialization-libre.pdf?1611006860=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Bronze_Age_a_World_of_Specialists_Me.pdf\u0026Expires=1732495671\u0026Signature=KIE9UFvrRXWvun--ENHpirjDOop15HYTcErz7Xom7PrKUHkP-AnfmzvoypdHsxFJaua18-dkm3JLtjTAf5ZqJzfrx-8onO8SpMeeVsOmMfK1h6qOpabVzqcVMTGgvJTxLNo9HQHEJQ7nMy1qLE1DHfSGoGPmGklOzIrkTzd9XBjBphrvKsH-4JXVUgBcRU6bPTlJXC7YY3zCziJVb9sbKHfg1QJxdtQLLF5xMe1mGfgnbERqjnGoWuDXVKFp9HOiJ5I50OveSER5owtBFvrZqIDqHF5tNWMBh4DmMcQiwcN9ta0hkBV5frp1WkHSsErH-hmDCUipOzYdQRNnthsJXQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology"},{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology"},{"id":24522,"name":"Archaeometallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeometallurgy"},{"id":49855,"name":"Craft Specialization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Craft_Specialization"},{"id":58724,"name":"Bronze Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="35097159"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/35097159/Quantitative_comparisons_of_the_color_of_CuAs_CuSn_CuNi_and_CuSb_alloys"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Quantitative comparisons of the color of CuAs, CuSn, CuNi, and CuSb alloys" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/55182743/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/35097159/Quantitative_comparisons_of_the_color_of_CuAs_CuSn_CuNi_and_CuSb_alloys">Quantitative comparisons of the color of CuAs, CuSn, CuNi, and CuSb alloys</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://infomus.academia.edu/MarianneM%C3%B6dlinger">Marianne Mödlinger</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cranfield.academia.edu/DennisBraekmans">Dennis Braekmans</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cez-archaeometrie.academia.edu/DanielBerger">Daniel Berger</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuni.academia.edu/MaikelKuijpers">Maikel Kuijpers</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The colors of copper alloys are of particular interest in archaeology and can be characterized qu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The colors of copper alloys are of particular interest in archaeology and can be characterized quantitatively and systematically. The CIELAB color system can determine different color parameters such as a*, b*, and L* by means of a spectrophotometer that describes the surface color. Additional information such as C* and h values can be calculated from these parameters which allows one to build a set of color composition diagrams that connects chromaticity and alloy composition. With such data it is possible to estimate the color of prehistoric metal artifacts with similar chemical composition. A better understanding of the association between metallurgical composition and color will aid the research of prehistoric metalwork because choices in production and use of metal were likely influenced by this particular quality of metal.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="87f82c422887fd1c78f9e272a90b4588" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":55182743,"asset_id":35097159,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55182743/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="35097159"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35097159"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35097159; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35097159]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35097159]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35097159; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='35097159']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35097159, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "87f82c422887fd1c78f9e272a90b4588" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=35097159]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":35097159,"title":"Quantitative comparisons of the color of CuAs, CuSn, CuNi, and CuSb alloys","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The colors of copper alloys are of particular interest in archaeology and can be characterized quantitatively and systematically. 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The CIELAB color system can determine different color parameters such as a*, b*, and L* by means of a spectrophotometer that describes the surface color. Additional information such as C* and h values can be calculated from these parameters which allows one to build a set of color composition diagrams that connects chromaticity and alloy composition. With such data it is possible to estimate the color of prehistoric metal artifacts with similar chemical composition. A better understanding of the association between metallurgical composition and color will aid the research of prehistoric metalwork because choices in production and use of metal were likely influenced by this particular quality of metal.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/35097159/Quantitative_comparisons_of_the_color_of_CuAs_CuSn_CuNi_and_CuSb_alloys","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2017-11-09T03:01:36.920-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":130399,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":30601552,"work_id":35097159,"tagging_user_id":130399,"tagged_user_id":71418088,"co_author_invite_id":6568405,"email":"d***s@arch.leidenuniv.nl","affiliation":"Cranfield University","display_order":1,"name":"Dennis Braekmans","title":"Quantitative comparisons of the color of CuAs, CuSn, CuNi, and CuSb 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$a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44922953"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44922953/Materials_and_Skills_in_the_History_of_Knowledge_An_Archaeological_Perspective_from_the_Non_Asian_Field"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Materials and Skills in the History of Knowledge: An Archaeological Perspective from the "Non-Asian" Field" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65447371/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44922953/Materials_and_Skills_in_the_History_of_Knowledge_An_Archaeological_Perspective_from_the_Non_Asian_Field">Materials and Skills in the History of Knowledge: An Archaeological Perspective from the "Non-Asian" Field</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Technology and Culture</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This essay assesses the connections between craft, science, and technology, which I explore throu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This essay assesses the connections between craft, science, and technology, which I explore through the notion of skill. In particular, what we can learn from studying things and materials? Where do the properties of materials fit in the history of science and technology? Materiality, I argue, allows for a synthetic kind of thinking in line with the approach taken by Joseph Needham in his seven-volume Science and Civilisation in China (1954-84). A methodology is proposed that seeks to harmonize science and craft knowledge, and offers a potential route through which the relationship between social and material phenomena may be explored.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f437dda9e17b8b568fbc83952d157aae" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65447371,"asset_id":44922953,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65447371/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44922953"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44922953"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44922953; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44922953]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44922953]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44922953; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44922953']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44922953, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f437dda9e17b8b568fbc83952d157aae" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44922953]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44922953,"title":"Materials and Skills in the History of Knowledge: An Archaeological Perspective from the \"Non-Asian\" Field","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1353/tech.2019.0040","issue":"2","volume":"60","abstract":"This essay assesses the connections between craft, science, and technology, which I explore through the notion of skill. 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About the Functionality and Meaning of Bell Beaker Wrist-guards." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/753713/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/219182/Bracers_or_Bracelets_About_the_Functionality_and_Meaning_of_Bell_Beaker_Wrist_guards">Bracers or Bracelets? About the Functionality and Meaning of Bell Beaker Wrist-guards.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/HarryFokkens">Harry Fokkens</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuni.academia.edu/MaikelKuijpers">Maikel Kuijpers</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society</span><span>, 2008</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper discusses the meaning of Bell Beaker bracers. We discuss known finds of Bell Beakers i...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper discusses the meaning of Bell Beaker bracers. We discuss known finds of Bell Beakers in situ on inhumation burials and conclude that the majority of the bracers is placed on the outside rather than on the inside of the wrist. In the discussion we suggest that the stone wrist guard in fact is a decorative applique to a leather wrist guard. Its practical function is limited, but its meaning (in relation to martiality) may have been much more important.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="95089d379a6ccb9d7a2f6b690d97511d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":753713,"asset_id":219182,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/753713/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="219182"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="219182"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 219182; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=219182]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=219182]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 219182; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='219182']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 219182, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "95089d379a6ccb9d7a2f6b690d97511d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=219182]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":219182,"title":"Bracers or Bracelets? 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Book chapters" id="Book chapters"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Book chapters by Maikel Kuijpers</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44922961"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44922961/Material_is_the_Mother_of_Innovation"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Material is the Mother of Innovation" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65447386/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44922961/Material_is_the_Mother_of_Innovation">Material is the Mother of Innovation</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>A Cultural Economic Analysis of Craft</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="82e9ad97a5aa0963dbbcd1b3b0357470" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65447386,"asset_id":44922961,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65447386/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44922961"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44922961"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44922961; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44929984"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44929984/The_sound_of_fire_taste_of_copper_feel_of_bronze_and_colours_of_the_cast_sensory_aspects_of_metalworking_technology"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The sound of fire, taste of copper, feel of bronze and colours of the cast: sensory aspects of metalworking technology" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65455665/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44929984/The_sound_of_fire_taste_of_copper_feel_of_bronze_and_colours_of_the_cast_sensory_aspects_of_metalworking_technology">The sound of fire, taste of copper, feel of bronze and colours of the cast: sensory aspects of metalworking technology</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Embodied Knowledge: Historical Perspectives on Technology and Belief</span><span>, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="779a52ef192fe3e7a28ed2f3894ae859" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65455665,"asset_id":44929984,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65455665/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44929984"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44929984"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44929984; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44936636"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44936636/Some_thoughts_on_quality_and_skill_in_Early_Bronze_Age_axes"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Some thoughts on quality and skill in Early Bronze Age axes" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65463861/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44936636/Some_thoughts_on_quality_and_skill_in_Early_Bronze_Age_axes">Some thoughts on quality and skill in Early Bronze Age axes</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Metaaltijden 2. Bijdragen in de studie van de metaaltijden</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">My aim in this paper is to think about quality differences between objects that are the result of...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">My aim in this paper is to think about quality differences between objects that are the result of different levels of skill of the maker, because such observations rarely seem to be the subject of a well-demarcated analytical approach.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4524977ee210ffc0a9060ec8047cada1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65463861,"asset_id":44936636,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65463861/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44936636"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44936636"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44936636; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44936636]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44936636]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44936636; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44936636']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44936636, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4524977ee210ffc0a9060ec8047cada1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44936636]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44936636,"title":"Some thoughts on quality and skill in Early Bronze Age axes","translated_title":"","metadata":{"volume":"2","abstract":"My aim in this paper is to think about quality differences between objects that are the result of different levels of skill of the maker, because such observations rarely seem to be the subject of a well-demarcated analytical approach.","page_numbers":"19-27","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2015,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Metaaltijden 2. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44936592"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44936592/Contradicting_Context_understanding_Early_Bronze_Age_axes_from_the_perspective_of_production"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Contradicting Context; understanding Early Bronze Age axes from the perspective of production" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65463803/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44936592/Contradicting_Context_understanding_Early_Bronze_Age_axes_from_the_perspective_of_production">Contradicting Context; understanding Early Bronze Age axes from the perspective of production</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Forging Identities. The Mobility of Culture in the Bronze Age. Report from a Marie Curie Project 2009-2012 with concluding conference at Aarhus University, Moesgaard 2012</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This article’s polemic argument is that context – in its current definition – may be overestimate...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This article’s polemic argument is that context – in its current definition – may be overestimated as a guide for archaeological interpretation. Although the importance of context is not in doubt, I argue that, as context is increasingly understood as the last place in which an object was used, over-emphasising this context might lead to skewed interpretations of the past. In this paper, I advocate for the plurality of contexts by analytically separating production, use, and deposition as different contexts in order to widen our understanding of material. As an example, five Early Bronze Age axes are discussed in order to show the potential of understanding a specific kind of object in the context of other, similar objects as well as from the perspective of production instead of consumption. On the basis of these five exemplary axes, it is tentatively suggested that we might be able to identify intentionality.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5fdc5bfc3e27088140cfa6a9616f72de" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65463803,"asset_id":44936592,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65463803/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44936592"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44936592"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44936592; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44936592]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44936592]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44936592; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44936592']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44936592, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5fdc5bfc3e27088140cfa6a9616f72de" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44936592]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44936592,"title":"Contradicting Context; understanding Early Bronze Age axes from the perspective of production","translated_title":"","metadata":{"volume":"1","abstract":"This article’s polemic argument is that context – in its current definition – may be overestimated as a guide for archaeological interpretation. Although the importance of context is not in doubt, I argue that, as context is increasingly understood as the last place in which an object was used, over-emphasising this context might lead to skewed interpretations of the past. In this paper, I advocate for the plurality of contexts by analytically separating production, use, and deposition as different contexts in order to widen our understanding of material. As an example, five Early Bronze Age axes are discussed in order to show the potential of understanding a specific kind of object in the context of other, similar objects as well as from the perspective of production instead of consumption. On the basis of these five exemplary axes, it is tentatively suggested that we might be able to identify intentionality.","page_numbers":"203-212","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2015,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Forging Identities. The Mobility of Culture in the Bronze Age. Report from a Marie Curie Project 2009-2012 with concluding conference at Aarhus University, Moesgaard 2012"},"translated_abstract":"This article’s polemic argument is that context – in its current definition – may be overestimated as a guide for archaeological interpretation. Although the importance of context is not in doubt, I argue that, as context is increasingly understood as the last place in which an object was used, over-emphasising this context might lead to skewed interpretations of the past. In this paper, I advocate for the plurality of contexts by analytically separating production, use, and deposition as different contexts in order to widen our understanding of material. As an example, five Early Bronze Age axes are discussed in order to show the potential of understanding a specific kind of object in the context of other, similar objects as well as from the perspective of production instead of consumption. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44936744"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44936744/Towards_a_deeper_understanding_of_metalworking_technology"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Towards a deeper understanding of metalworking technology" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65464001/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44936744/Towards_a_deeper_understanding_of_metalworking_technology">Towards a deeper understanding of metalworking technology</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Beyond Elites. Alternatives to Hierarchical Systems in Modelling Social Formations. International Conference at the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany, October 22-24, 2009</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper focuses on the important status that is often ascribed to metalworking and critically ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper focuses on the important status that is often ascribed to metalworking and critically questions whether this reflects a prehistoric reality. Following from this it also questions the role of metalworking with regards to the presence of elites. It is argued that explaining metalworking as a 'ritual' craft does not lead to a better understanding of the organisation of metalworking in the Bronze Age. Finally a suggestion is made for a different approach towards met-alworking technology, in which the choices, made by the prehistoric metalworker and recorded in the objects themselves , are the main focus.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="dac841bf862bc437f32895f6aeb3c8e1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65464001,"asset_id":44936744,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65464001/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44936744"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44936744"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44936744; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44936744]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44936744]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44936744; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44936744']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44936744, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "dac841bf862bc437f32895f6aeb3c8e1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44936744]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44936744,"title":"Towards a deeper understanding of metalworking technology","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This paper focuses on the important status that is often ascribed to metalworking and critically questions whether this reflects a prehistoric reality. 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What are the alternatives?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65463499/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44936369/The_materials_that_build_our_world_are_also_destroying_it_What_are_the_alternatives">The materials that build our world are also destroying it. What are the alternatives?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Correspondent</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Materials like concrete, steel, plastic and fertiliser shape the world around us, but they’re als...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Materials like concrete, steel, plastic and fertiliser shape the world around us, but they’re also extremely polluting. If we want to build a more sustainable society, we can learn a lot from archaeologists. How do we relate to these materials? And are there alternatives?</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="47c43ce35f561d4bcb744c13a532bbda" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65463499,"asset_id":44936369,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65463499/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44936369"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44936369"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44936369; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44936369]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44936369]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44936369; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44936369']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44936369, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "47c43ce35f561d4bcb744c13a532bbda" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44936369]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44936369,"title":"The materials that build our world are also destroying it. 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Here’s how we can make it sustainable" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44932259/Concrete_is_one_of_the_most_polluting_materials_in_the_world_Here_s_how_we_can_make_it_sustainable">Concrete is one of the most polluting materials in the world. Here’s how we can make it sustainable</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Correspondent</span><span>, Sep 9, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Half of all buildings in the world are made of concrete. It’s the ideal construction material: st...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Half of all buildings in the world are made of concrete. It’s the ideal construction material: strong, fluid and cheap. But the climate pays the real price because concrete is one of the most polluting materials in the world. So what’s an alternative? Ask the Romans.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5a54413af60bde5bde682eeda7460e97" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65458389,"asset_id":44932259,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65458389/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44932259"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44932259"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44932259; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44932259]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44932259]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44932259; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44932259']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44932259, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5a54413af60bde5bde682eeda7460e97" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44932259]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44932259,"title":"Concrete is one of the most polluting materials in the world. 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Here’s how we can make it the foundation of a new, sustainable iron age" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44932428/We_can_t_stop_using_steel_Here_s_how_we_can_make_it_the_foundation_of_a_new_sustainable_iron_age">We can’t stop using steel. Here’s how we can make it the foundation of a new, sustainable iron age</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Correspondent</span><span>, Sep 21, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">We build everything from railroads to lunchboxes with steel, and for good reason: it’s strong, fl...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">We build everything from railroads to lunchboxes with steel, and for good reason: it’s strong, flexible and easily mass produced. But the iron production necessary to create steel is majorly polluting the planet. And it’s almost impossible to replace the material because we need it to keep building. So how do we move forward?</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="677e1bea75868b6e1837bca0d1106131" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65458429,"asset_id":44932428,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65458429/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44932428"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44932428"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44932428; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44932428]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44932428]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44932428; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44932428']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44932428, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "677e1bea75868b6e1837bca0d1106131" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44932428]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44932428,"title":"We can’t stop using steel. 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The solution? Eat less meat" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65463670/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44936494/The_most_important_invention_of_the_20th_century_keeps_us_alive_but_is_killing_the_environment_The_solution_Eat_less_meat">The most important invention of the 20th century keeps us alive but is killing the environment. The solution? Eat less meat</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Correspondent</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Thanks to an invention in 1909, we now have a world population of almost eight billion people. It...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Thanks to an invention in 1909, we now have a world population of almost eight billion people. It keeps half the world’s population alive while wreaking environmental havoc. But we can plant the seeds of positive change by reducing our meat consumption.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="12ef4aa2fcc84e0571281355720a6c1b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65463670,"asset_id":44936494,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65463670/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44936494"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44936494"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44936494; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44936494]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44936494]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44936494; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44936494']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44936494, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "12ef4aa2fcc84e0571281355720a6c1b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44936494]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44936494,"title":"The most important invention of the 20th century keeps us alive but is killing the environment. 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Het verdient meer dan de prullenbak" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44936473/Plastic_is_briljant_Het_verdient_meer_dan_de_prullenbak">Plastic is briljant. Het verdient meer dan de prullenbak</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>De Correspondent</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Je smartphone zit er vol mee, je poetst er je tanden mee en verpakt er je boterhammen in. Plastic...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Je smartphone zit er vol mee, je poetst er je tanden mee en verpakt er je boterhammen in. Plastic is overal: we leven in een plastic age. Maar zo belangrijk als het materiaal is, zo achteloos gaan we ermee om. Dat komt omdat ons is aangeleerd dat plastic waardeloos is. 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Prese...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A MINI-DOCUMENTARY on skill, featuring Richard Sennett, Trevor Marchand, and Glenn Adamson. Presented by The Craftsmanship Initiative, in collaboration with The Centre for Global Heritage and <br />Development. Read the full story here: <a href="https://craftsmanship.net/the-future-is-handmade/" rel="nofollow">https://craftsmanship.net/the-future-is-handmade/</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-video-id="jya7Nj"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" href="https://leidenuni.academia.edu/video/edit/jya7Nj" rel="nofollow" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-video-id="jya7Nj">20 views</span></span></span></div></div></div></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="10879512" id="books"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44922200"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44922200/An_Archaeology_of_Skill_Metalworking_Skill_and_Material_Specialization_in_Early_Bronze_Age_Central_Europe"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of An Archaeology of Skill. Metalworking Skill and Material Specialization in Early Bronze Age Central Europe" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65446549/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44922200/An_Archaeology_of_Skill_Metalworking_Skill_and_Material_Specialization_in_Early_Bronze_Age_Central_Europe">An Archaeology of Skill. Metalworking Skill and Material Specialization in Early Bronze Age Central Europe</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Routledge Studies in Archaeology</span><span>, Mar 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Material is the mother of innovation and it is through skill that innovations are brought about. ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Material is the mother of innovation and it is through skill that innovations are brought about. This core thesis that is developed in this book identifies skill as the linchpin of-and missing link between-studies on craft, creativity , innovation, and material culture. Through a detailed study of early Bronze Age axes the question is tackled of what it involves to be skilled, providing an evidence-based argument about levels of skill. The unique contribution of this work is that it lays out a theoretical framework and methodology through which an empirical analysis of skill is achievable. A specific chaîne opératoire for metal axes is used that compares not only what techniques were used, but also how they were applied. A large corpus of axes is compared in terms of what skills and attention were given at the different stages of their production. The ideas developed in this book are of interest to the emerging trend of 'material thinking' in the human and social sciences. At the same time, it looks towards and augments the development in craft-studies, recognising the many different aspects of craft in contemporary and past societies, and the particular relationship that craftspeople have with their material. Drawing together these two distinct fields of research will stimulate (re)thinking of how to integrate production with discussions of other aspects of object biographies, and how we link arguments about value to social models. Maikel H.G. Kuijpers holds a PhD from Cambridge University and is currently a lecturer in European Prehistory at the Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, the Netherlands. His main research topics are technology , craftsmanship, and skill which he explores both in archaeology as well as contemporary society.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2d549829b1bc78fa642ad9662fe5147e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65446549,"asset_id":44922200,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65446549/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44922200"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44922200"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44922200; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44922200]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44922200]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44922200; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44922200']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44922200, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "2d549829b1bc78fa642ad9662fe5147e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44922200]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44922200,"title":"An Archaeology of Skill. Metalworking Skill and Material Specialization in Early Bronze Age Central Europe","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Material is the mother of innovation and it is through skill that innovations are brought about. This core thesis that is developed in this book identifies skill as the linchpin of-and missing link between-studies on craft, creativity , innovation, and material culture. Through a detailed study of early Bronze Age axes the question is tackled of what it involves to be skilled, providing an evidence-based argument about levels of skill. The unique contribution of this work is that it lays out a theoretical framework and methodology through which an empirical analysis of skill is achievable. A specific chaîne opératoire for metal axes is used that compares not only what techniques were used, but also how they were applied. A large corpus of axes is compared in terms of what skills and attention were given at the different stages of their production. 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A specific chaîne opératoire for metal axes is used that compares not only what techniques were used, but also how they were applied. A large corpus of axes is compared in terms of what skills and attention were given at the different stages of their production. The ideas developed in this book are of interest to the emerging trend of 'material thinking' in the human and social sciences. At the same time, it looks towards and augments the development in craft-studies, recognising the many different aspects of craft in contemporary and past societies, and the particular relationship that craftspeople have with their material. Drawing together these two distinct fields of research will stimulate (re)thinking of how to integrate production with discussions of other aspects of object biographies, and how we link arguments about value to social models. Maikel H.G. Kuijpers holds a PhD from Cambridge University and is currently a lecturer in European Prehistory at the Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, the Netherlands. His main research topics are technology , craftsmanship, and skill which he explores both in archaeology as well as contemporary society.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44922200/An_Archaeology_of_Skill_Metalworking_Skill_and_Material_Specialization_in_Early_Bronze_Age_Central_Europe","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-01-17T10:22:18.154-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":157693292,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"book","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65446549,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65446549/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Kuijpers2018_Archaeology_of_Skill.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65446549/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"An_Archaeology_of_Skill_Metalworking_Ski.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/65446549/Kuijpers2018_Archaeology_of_Skill-libre.pdf?1610908263=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAn_Archaeology_of_Skill_Metalworking_Ski.pdf\u0026Expires=1732495670\u0026Signature=ZmSe3eCsEq7y8-crlXJSg6CZq1rjR1PiMdtcbyLefGtIIJzn7NMfnb9SEmcq2-BhPBUMoyz86oILL4FFjQK92~2gTDXTVTrpbvTiWdsrU5LTCZB8PNWPE0oxItJt9QA2GyVzfECP4TlrABvbElImb4bDowCMYNzmp4lnh8R04C6ckOKhTje2uF~8bA-hdLzhjNkdXm7vKovx30OqxsyhhA1teDMXhZuIcPoib0b6CbcfOic2BCxk4Qn3uiTBUncnItqONNDLsfXsiXsnmZn~9gAKhdfyQ1KkcIVNdAeK~TqGaDAdL7tJ--Gvoa3ZrylNI6bSPnpy~X4E1wn7qwco9w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"An_Archaeology_of_Skill_Metalworking_Skill_and_Material_Specialization_in_Early_Bronze_Age_Central_Europe","translated_slug":"","page_count":335,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":157693292,"first_name":"Maikel","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kuijpers","page_name":"MaikelKuijpers","domain_name":"leidenuni","created_at":"2020-05-11T23:47:31.088-07:00","display_name":"Maikel Kuijpers","url":"https://leidenuni.academia.edu/MaikelKuijpers"},"attachments":[{"id":65446549,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65446549/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Kuijpers2018_Archaeology_of_Skill.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65446549/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"An_Archaeology_of_Skill_Metalworking_Ski.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/65446549/Kuijpers2018_Archaeology_of_Skill-libre.pdf?1610908263=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAn_Archaeology_of_Skill_Metalworking_Ski.pdf\u0026Expires=1732495670\u0026Signature=ZmSe3eCsEq7y8-crlXJSg6CZq1rjR1PiMdtcbyLefGtIIJzn7NMfnb9SEmcq2-BhPBUMoyz86oILL4FFjQK92~2gTDXTVTrpbvTiWdsrU5LTCZB8PNWPE0oxItJt9QA2GyVzfECP4TlrABvbElImb4bDowCMYNzmp4lnh8R04C6ckOKhTje2uF~8bA-hdLzhjNkdXm7vKovx30OqxsyhhA1teDMXhZuIcPoib0b6CbcfOic2BCxk4Qn3uiTBUncnItqONNDLsfXsiXsnmZn~9gAKhdfyQ1KkcIVNdAeK~TqGaDAdL7tJ--Gvoa3ZrylNI6bSPnpy~X4E1wn7qwco9w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science"},{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology"},{"id":6309,"name":"Metallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metallurgy"},{"id":13509,"name":"Bronze Age Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age_Archaeology"},{"id":24522,"name":"Archaeometallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeometallurgy"},{"id":29906,"name":"Craft Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Craft_Theory"},{"id":33106,"name":"Ancient Craftmanship (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Craftmanship_Archaeology_"},{"id":86719,"name":"Copper age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Copper_age"},{"id":262817,"name":"4E Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/4E_Cognition"}],"urls":[{"id":9197056,"url":"https://www.routledge.com/An-Archaeology-of-Skill-Metalworking-Skill-and-Material-Specialization/Kuijpers/p/book/9780367271008"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44922897"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44922897/Bronze_Age_Metalworking_in_the_Netherlands_c_2000_800BC_A_research_into_the_preservation_of_metallurgy_related_artefacts_and_the_social_position_of_the_smith"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Bronze Age Metalworking in the Netherlands (c.2000-800BC). A research into the preservation of metallurgy related artefacts and the social position of the smith." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65447298/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44922897/Bronze_Age_Metalworking_in_the_Netherlands_c_2000_800BC_A_research_into_the_preservation_of_metallurgy_related_artefacts_and_the_social_position_of_the_smith">Bronze Age Metalworking in the Netherlands (c.2000-800BC). A research into the preservation of metallurgy related artefacts and the social position of the smith.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Bronze Age Metalworking in the Netherlands</span><span>, 2008</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Almost fifty years ago J.J. Butler started his research to trace the possible remains of a Bronze...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Almost fifty years ago J.J. Butler started his research to trace the<br />possible remains of a Bronze Age metalworkers workshop in the<br />Netherlands. Yet, while metalworking has been deduced on the<br />ground of the existence regional types of axes and some scarce<br />finds related to metalworking, the production locus of the smith<br />has remained elusive. In this Research Master Thesis I have tried<br />to tackle this problem. I have considered both the social as well as<br />the technological aspects of metalworking to be able to determine<br />conclusively whether metalworking took place in the Netherlands<br />or not.<br />The first part of the thesis revolves around the social position<br />of the smith and the social organization of metalworking. My<br />approach entailed a re-evaluation of the current theories on<br />metalworking, which I believe to be unfounded and one-sided.<br />They tend to disregard production of everyday objects of which<br />the most prominent example is the axe.<br />The second part deals with the technological aspects of<br />metalworking and how these processes are manifested in the<br />archaeological record. Based on evidence from archaeological sites<br />elsewhere in Europe and with the aid of experimental archaeology a<br />metalworking toolkit is constructed. Finally, a method is presented<br />which might help archaeologists recognize the production locus<br />of a Bronze Age smith.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ec3f0c90ab87da08b10a78325426f199" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65447298,"asset_id":44922897,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65447298/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44922897"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44922897"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44922897; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44922897]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44922897]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44922897; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44922897']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44922897, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "ec3f0c90ab87da08b10a78325426f199" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44922897]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44922897,"title":"Bronze Age Metalworking in the Netherlands (c.2000-800BC). A research into the preservation of metallurgy related artefacts and the social position of the smith.","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Almost fifty years ago J.J. Butler started his research to trace the\npossible remains of a Bronze Age metalworkers workshop in the\nNetherlands. Yet, while metalworking has been deduced on the\nground of the existence regional types of axes and some scarce\nfinds related to metalworking, the production locus of the smith\nhas remained elusive. In this Research Master Thesis I have tried\nto tackle this problem. I have considered both the social as well as\nthe technological aspects of metalworking to be able to determine\nconclusively whether metalworking took place in the Netherlands\nor not.\nThe first part of the thesis revolves around the social position\nof the smith and the social organization of metalworking. My\napproach entailed a re-evaluation of the current theories on\nmetalworking, which I believe to be unfounded and one-sided.\nThey tend to disregard production of everyday objects of which\nthe most prominent example is the axe.\nThe second part deals with the technological aspects of\nmetalworking and how these processes are manifested in the\narchaeological record. Based on evidence from archaeological sites\nelsewhere in Europe and with the aid of experimental archaeology a\nmetalworking toolkit is constructed. Finally, a method is presented\nwhich might help archaeologists recognize the production locus\nof a Bronze Age smith.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2008,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Bronze Age Metalworking in the Netherlands"},"translated_abstract":"Almost fifty years ago J.J. Butler started his research to trace the\npossible remains of a Bronze Age metalworkers workshop in the\nNetherlands. Yet, while metalworking has been deduced on the\nground of the existence regional types of axes and some scarce\nfinds related to metalworking, the production locus of the smith\nhas remained elusive. In this Research Master Thesis I have tried\nto tackle this problem. I have considered both the social as well as\nthe technological aspects of metalworking to be able to determine\nconclusively whether metalworking took place in the Netherlands\nor not.\nThe first part of the thesis revolves around the social position\nof the smith and the social organization of metalworking. My\napproach entailed a re-evaluation of the current theories on\nmetalworking, which I believe to be unfounded and one-sided.\nThey tend to disregard production of everyday objects of which\nthe most prominent example is the axe.\nThe second part deals with the technological aspects of\nmetalworking and how these processes are manifested in the\narchaeological record. Based on evidence from archaeological sites\nelsewhere in Europe and with the aid of experimental archaeology a\nmetalworking toolkit is constructed. Finally, a method is presented\nwhich might help archaeologists recognize the production locus\nof a Bronze Age smith.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44922897/Bronze_Age_Metalworking_in_the_Netherlands_c_2000_800BC_A_research_into_the_preservation_of_metallurgy_related_artefacts_and_the_social_position_of_the_smith","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2021-01-17T12:53:56.069-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":157693292,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"book","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65447298,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65447298/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Kuijpers_Bronze_Age_metalworking_in_the_Netherlands.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65447298/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Bronze_Age_Metalworking_in_the_Netherlan.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/65447298/Kuijpers_Bronze_Age_metalworking_in_the_Netherlands-libre.pdf?1610919932=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DBronze_Age_Metalworking_in_the_Netherlan.pdf\u0026Expires=1732495671\u0026Signature=Bu30gXOEHwuSEzKGqr0MmZ7BT1RlqLCVJjWW-EYs7tE0Q0E2DqoIiDokoWvMdqSbS4aMJuXThuDoj1~B4NDiVCiK7LLWt7nQZjvpP-8F9KVNUzIGy~BMuhe8n9vbzuiX8avgFxiHE39ZfAxMh~TJPAl6miQAUTtR7Fx79CSoQv2MZMKohQcmdWAMV5Rcsy5MTZ8aYf5XAQdZiQMUAj3VVI-Ewu6i5o92zRBq2258kuRfPIWPIeh8LFgw2gyNuGWDOAWz1ZJhqc~f6t~sgwULnD7M-UvEbQgoNYBr-Lj00R-ml4NPZCsdsmZp1MQtag6cH6~Km7d9Q6ghqDPQh1aKuw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Bronze_Age_Metalworking_in_the_Netherlands_c_2000_800BC_A_research_into_the_preservation_of_metallurgy_related_artefacts_and_the_social_position_of_the_smith","translated_slug":"","page_count":178,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":157693292,"first_name":"Maikel","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Kuijpers","page_name":"MaikelKuijpers","domain_name":"leidenuni","created_at":"2020-05-11T23:47:31.088-07:00","display_name":"Maikel Kuijpers","url":"https://leidenuni.academia.edu/MaikelKuijpers"},"attachments":[{"id":65447298,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65447298/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Kuijpers_Bronze_Age_metalworking_in_the_Netherlands.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65447298/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Bronze_Age_Metalworking_in_the_Netherlan.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/65447298/Kuijpers_Bronze_Age_metalworking_in_the_Netherlands-libre.pdf?1610919932=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DBronze_Age_Metalworking_in_the_Netherlan.pdf\u0026Expires=1732495671\u0026Signature=Bu30gXOEHwuSEzKGqr0MmZ7BT1RlqLCVJjWW-EYs7tE0Q0E2DqoIiDokoWvMdqSbS4aMJuXThuDoj1~B4NDiVCiK7LLWt7nQZjvpP-8F9KVNUzIGy~BMuhe8n9vbzuiX8avgFxiHE39ZfAxMh~TJPAl6miQAUTtR7Fx79CSoQv2MZMKohQcmdWAMV5Rcsy5MTZ8aYf5XAQdZiQMUAj3VVI-Ewu6i5o92zRBq2258kuRfPIWPIeh8LFgw2gyNuGWDOAWz1ZJhqc~f6t~sgwULnD7M-UvEbQgoNYBr-Lj00R-ml4NPZCsdsmZp1MQtag6cH6~Km7d9Q6ghqDPQh1aKuw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology"},{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology"},{"id":6309,"name":"Metallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Metallurgy"},{"id":24522,"name":"Archaeometallurgy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeometallurgy"},{"id":26726,"name":"Bronze Age (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age_Archaeology_"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="10879652" id="refereedjournalarticles"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44945860"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44945860/The_origins_of_money_Calculation_of_similarity_indexes_demonstrates_the_earliest_development_of_commodity_money_in_prehistoric_Central_Europe"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The origins of money: Calculation of similarity indexes demonstrates the earliest development of commodity money in prehistoric Central Europe" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65475212/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44945860/The_origins_of_money_Calculation_of_similarity_indexes_demonstrates_the_earliest_development_of_commodity_money_in_prehistoric_Central_Europe">The origins of money: Calculation of similarity indexes demonstrates the earliest development of commodity money in prehistoric Central Europe</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuni.academia.edu/MaikelKuijpers">Maikel Kuijpers</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://utwente.academia.edu/CatalinPopa">Catalin N Popa</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>PLOS One</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The origins of money and the formulation of coherent weight and measurement systems are amongst t...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The origins of money and the formulation of coherent weight and measurement systems are amongst the most significant prehistoric developments of the human intellect. We present a method for detecting perceptible standardization of weights and apply this to 5028 Early Bronze Age rings, ribs, and axe blades from Central Europe. We calculate the degree of uniformity on the basis of psychophysics, and quantify this using similarity indexes. The analysis shows that 70.3% of all rings could not be perceptibly distinguished from a ring weighing 195.5 grams, indicating their suitability as commodity money. Perceptive weight equivalence is demonstrated between rings, and a selection of ribs and axe blades. Co-occurrence of these objects evidences their interchangeability. We further suggest that producing copies of rings led to recognition of weight similarities and the independent emergence of a system of weighing in Central Europe at the end of the Early Bronze Age.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="74f3a314cefd7796b4db8f804060017e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65475212,"asset_id":44945860,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65475212/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44945860"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44945860"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44945860; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44945860]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44945860]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44945860; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44945860']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44945860, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "74f3a314cefd7796b4db8f804060017e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44945860]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44945860,"title":"The origins of money: Calculation of similarity indexes demonstrates the earliest development of commodity money in prehistoric Central Europe","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0240462","abstract":"The origins of money and the formulation of coherent weight and measurement systems are amongst the most significant prehistoric developments of the human intellect. 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Metalworking from the Perspective of Skill and Material Specialization" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65455527/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44929879/The_Bronze_Age_a_World_of_Specialists_Metalworking_from_the_Perspective_of_Skill_and_Material_Specialization">The Bronze Age, a World of Specialists? Metalworking from the Perspective of Skill and Material Specialization</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>European Journal of Archaeology</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This article starts from the observation that the social persona of 'specialist' is an important ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This article starts from the observation that the social persona of 'specialist' is an important analytical unit in archaeology, typically to model social (craft) organization from a Marxist perspective. This has caused this concept to solidify around economic rather than material concerns. I argue that the 'specialist' has become too much an ideational concept that is no longer accurately rooted in archaeological artefacts. Hence, through a brief exploration of Early Bronze Age axes, my aim is to highlight technical skill and use this to reveal different levels of material specialization. On this basis, I suggest moving beyond the umbrella term of 'specialist' and using four, more precise analytical units that are better equipped to accommodate the qualitative diversity of material cultures: the amateur, showing basic knowledge but little refinement; the craftsperson, producing well-made practical objects; the master, striving for perfection and setting the norm; and the virtuoso, taking risks in creating original and unique products.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="be73a457f33088cb8fb806bd8aaed698" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65455527,"asset_id":44929879,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65455527/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44929879"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44929879"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44929879; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44929879]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44929879]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44929879; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44929879']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44929879, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "be73a457f33088cb8fb806bd8aaed698" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44929879]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44929879,"title":"The Bronze Age, a World of Specialists? 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="35097159"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/35097159/Quantitative_comparisons_of_the_color_of_CuAs_CuSn_CuNi_and_CuSb_alloys"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Quantitative comparisons of the color of CuAs, CuSn, CuNi, and CuSb alloys" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/55182743/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/35097159/Quantitative_comparisons_of_the_color_of_CuAs_CuSn_CuNi_and_CuSb_alloys">Quantitative comparisons of the color of CuAs, CuSn, CuNi, and CuSb alloys</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://infomus.academia.edu/MarianneM%C3%B6dlinger">Marianne Mödlinger</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cranfield.academia.edu/DennisBraekmans">Dennis Braekmans</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://cez-archaeometrie.academia.edu/DanielBerger">Daniel Berger</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuni.academia.edu/MaikelKuijpers">Maikel Kuijpers</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The colors of copper alloys are of particular interest in archaeology and can be characterized qu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The colors of copper alloys are of particular interest in archaeology and can be characterized quantitatively and systematically. The CIELAB color system can determine different color parameters such as a*, b*, and L* by means of a spectrophotometer that describes the surface color. Additional information such as C* and h values can be calculated from these parameters which allows one to build a set of color composition diagrams that connects chromaticity and alloy composition. With such data it is possible to estimate the color of prehistoric metal artifacts with similar chemical composition. A better understanding of the association between metallurgical composition and color will aid the research of prehistoric metalwork because choices in production and use of metal were likely influenced by this particular quality of metal.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="87f82c422887fd1c78f9e272a90b4588" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":55182743,"asset_id":35097159,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55182743/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="35097159"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="35097159"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35097159; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35097159]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35097159]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 35097159; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='35097159']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35097159, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "87f82c422887fd1c78f9e272a90b4588" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=35097159]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":35097159,"title":"Quantitative comparisons of the color of CuAs, CuSn, CuNi, and CuSb alloys","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The colors of copper alloys are of particular interest in archaeology and can be characterized quantitatively and systematically. 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The CIELAB color system can determine different color parameters such as a*, b*, and L* by means of a spectrophotometer that describes the surface color. Additional information such as C* and h values can be calculated from these parameters which allows one to build a set of color composition diagrams that connects chromaticity and alloy composition. With such data it is possible to estimate the color of prehistoric metal artifacts with similar chemical composition. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/44922953/Materials_and_Skills_in_the_History_of_Knowledge_An_Archaeological_Perspective_from_the_Non_Asian_Field">Materials and Skills in the History of Knowledge: An Archaeological Perspective from the "Non-Asian" Field</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Technology and Culture</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This essay assesses the connections between craft, science, and technology, which I explore throu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This essay assesses the connections between craft, science, and technology, which I explore through the notion of skill. In particular, what we can learn from studying things and materials? Where do the properties of materials fit in the history of science and technology? Materiality, I argue, allows for a synthetic kind of thinking in line with the approach taken by Joseph Needham in his seven-volume Science and Civilisation in China (1954-84). A methodology is proposed that seeks to harmonize science and craft knowledge, and offers a potential route through which the relationship between social and material phenomena may be explored.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f437dda9e17b8b568fbc83952d157aae" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65447371,"asset_id":44922953,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65447371/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44922953"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44922953"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44922953; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44922953]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44922953]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44922953; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44922953']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44922953, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "f437dda9e17b8b568fbc83952d157aae" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44922953]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44922953,"title":"Materials and Skills in the History of Knowledge: An Archaeological Perspective from the \"Non-Asian\" Field","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1353/tech.2019.0040","issue":"2","volume":"60","abstract":"This essay assesses the connections between craft, science, and technology, which I explore through the notion of skill. 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About the Functionality and Meaning of Bell Beaker Wrist-guards." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/753713/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/219182/Bracers_or_Bracelets_About_the_Functionality_and_Meaning_of_Bell_Beaker_Wrist_guards">Bracers or Bracelets? About the Functionality and Meaning of Bell Beaker Wrist-guards.</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/HarryFokkens">Harry Fokkens</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://leidenuni.academia.edu/MaikelKuijpers">Maikel Kuijpers</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society</span><span>, 2008</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper discusses the meaning of Bell Beaker bracers. We discuss known finds of Bell Beakers i...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper discusses the meaning of Bell Beaker bracers. We discuss known finds of Bell Beakers in situ on inhumation burials and conclude that the majority of the bracers is placed on the outside rather than on the inside of the wrist. In the discussion we suggest that the stone wrist guard in fact is a decorative applique to a leather wrist guard. Its practical function is limited, but its meaning (in relation to martiality) may have been much more important.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="95089d379a6ccb9d7a2f6b690d97511d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":753713,"asset_id":219182,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/753713/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="219182"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="219182"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 219182; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=219182]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=219182]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 219182; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='219182']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 219182, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "95089d379a6ccb9d7a2f6b690d97511d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=219182]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":219182,"title":"Bracers or Bracelets? 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44936636"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44936636/Some_thoughts_on_quality_and_skill_in_Early_Bronze_Age_axes"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Some thoughts on quality and skill in Early Bronze Age axes" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65463861/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44936636/Some_thoughts_on_quality_and_skill_in_Early_Bronze_Age_axes">Some thoughts on quality and skill in Early Bronze Age axes</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Metaaltijden 2. Bijdragen in de studie van de metaaltijden</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">My aim in this paper is to think about quality differences between objects that are the result of...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">My aim in this paper is to think about quality differences between objects that are the result of different levels of skill of the maker, because such observations rarely seem to be the subject of a well-demarcated analytical approach.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4524977ee210ffc0a9060ec8047cada1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65463861,"asset_id":44936636,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65463861/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44936636"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44936636"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44936636; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44936636]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44936636]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44936636; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44936636']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44936636, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4524977ee210ffc0a9060ec8047cada1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44936636]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44936636,"title":"Some thoughts on quality and skill in Early Bronze Age axes","translated_title":"","metadata":{"volume":"2","abstract":"My aim in this paper is to think about quality differences between objects that are the result of different levels of skill of the maker, because such observations rarely seem to be the subject of a well-demarcated analytical approach.","page_numbers":"19-27","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2015,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Metaaltijden 2. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44936592"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44936592/Contradicting_Context_understanding_Early_Bronze_Age_axes_from_the_perspective_of_production"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Contradicting Context; understanding Early Bronze Age axes from the perspective of production" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65463803/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44936592/Contradicting_Context_understanding_Early_Bronze_Age_axes_from_the_perspective_of_production">Contradicting Context; understanding Early Bronze Age axes from the perspective of production</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Forging Identities. The Mobility of Culture in the Bronze Age. Report from a Marie Curie Project 2009-2012 with concluding conference at Aarhus University, Moesgaard 2012</span><span>, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This article’s polemic argument is that context – in its current definition – may be overestimate...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This article’s polemic argument is that context – in its current definition – may be overestimated as a guide for archaeological interpretation. Although the importance of context is not in doubt, I argue that, as context is increasingly understood as the last place in which an object was used, over-emphasising this context might lead to skewed interpretations of the past. In this paper, I advocate for the plurality of contexts by analytically separating production, use, and deposition as different contexts in order to widen our understanding of material. As an example, five Early Bronze Age axes are discussed in order to show the potential of understanding a specific kind of object in the context of other, similar objects as well as from the perspective of production instead of consumption. On the basis of these five exemplary axes, it is tentatively suggested that we might be able to identify intentionality.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5fdc5bfc3e27088140cfa6a9616f72de" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65463803,"asset_id":44936592,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65463803/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44936592"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44936592"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44936592; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44936592]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44936592]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44936592; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44936592']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44936592, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5fdc5bfc3e27088140cfa6a9616f72de" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44936592]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44936592,"title":"Contradicting Context; understanding Early Bronze Age axes from the perspective of production","translated_title":"","metadata":{"volume":"1","abstract":"This article’s polemic argument is that context – in its current definition – may be overestimated as a guide for archaeological interpretation. Although the importance of context is not in doubt, I argue that, as context is increasingly understood as the last place in which an object was used, over-emphasising this context might lead to skewed interpretations of the past. In this paper, I advocate for the plurality of contexts by analytically separating production, use, and deposition as different contexts in order to widen our understanding of material. As an example, five Early Bronze Age axes are discussed in order to show the potential of understanding a specific kind of object in the context of other, similar objects as well as from the perspective of production instead of consumption. On the basis of these five exemplary axes, it is tentatively suggested that we might be able to identify intentionality.","page_numbers":"203-212","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2015,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Forging Identities. The Mobility of Culture in the Bronze Age. Report from a Marie Curie Project 2009-2012 with concluding conference at Aarhus University, Moesgaard 2012"},"translated_abstract":"This article’s polemic argument is that context – in its current definition – may be overestimated as a guide for archaeological interpretation. Although the importance of context is not in doubt, I argue that, as context is increasingly understood as the last place in which an object was used, over-emphasising this context might lead to skewed interpretations of the past. In this paper, I advocate for the plurality of contexts by analytically separating production, use, and deposition as different contexts in order to widen our understanding of material. As an example, five Early Bronze Age axes are discussed in order to show the potential of understanding a specific kind of object in the context of other, similar objects as well as from the perspective of production instead of consumption. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="44936744"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/44936744/Towards_a_deeper_understanding_of_metalworking_technology"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Towards a deeper understanding of metalworking technology" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65464001/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44936744/Towards_a_deeper_understanding_of_metalworking_technology">Towards a deeper understanding of metalworking technology</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Beyond Elites. Alternatives to Hierarchical Systems in Modelling Social Formations. International Conference at the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany, October 22-24, 2009</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">This paper focuses on the important status that is often ascribed to metalworking and critically ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">This paper focuses on the important status that is often ascribed to metalworking and critically questions whether this reflects a prehistoric reality. Following from this it also questions the role of metalworking with regards to the presence of elites. It is argued that explaining metalworking as a 'ritual' craft does not lead to a better understanding of the organisation of metalworking in the Bronze Age. Finally a suggestion is made for a different approach towards met-alworking technology, in which the choices, made by the prehistoric metalworker and recorded in the objects themselves , are the main focus.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="dac841bf862bc437f32895f6aeb3c8e1" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65464001,"asset_id":44936744,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65464001/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44936744"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44936744"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44936744; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44936744]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44936744]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44936744; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44936744']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44936744, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "dac841bf862bc437f32895f6aeb3c8e1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44936744]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44936744,"title":"Towards a deeper understanding of metalworking technology","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"This paper focuses on the important status that is often ascribed to metalworking and critically questions whether this reflects a prehistoric reality. 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Following from this it also questions the role of metalworking with regards to the presence of elites. It is argued that explaining metalworking as a 'ritual' craft does not lead to a better understanding of the organisation of metalworking in the Bronze Age. 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What are the alternatives?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65463499/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44936369/The_materials_that_build_our_world_are_also_destroying_it_What_are_the_alternatives">The materials that build our world are also destroying it. What are the alternatives?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Correspondent</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Materials like concrete, steel, plastic and fertiliser shape the world around us, but they’re als...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Materials like concrete, steel, plastic and fertiliser shape the world around us, but they’re also extremely polluting. If we want to build a more sustainable society, we can learn a lot from archaeologists. How do we relate to these materials? And are there alternatives?</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="47c43ce35f561d4bcb744c13a532bbda" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65463499,"asset_id":44936369,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65463499/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44936369"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44936369"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44936369; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44936369]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44936369]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44936369; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44936369']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44936369, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "47c43ce35f561d4bcb744c13a532bbda" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44936369]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44936369,"title":"The materials that build our world are also destroying it. 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Here’s how we can make it sustainable" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44932259/Concrete_is_one_of_the_most_polluting_materials_in_the_world_Here_s_how_we_can_make_it_sustainable">Concrete is one of the most polluting materials in the world. Here’s how we can make it sustainable</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Correspondent</span><span>, Sep 9, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Half of all buildings in the world are made of concrete. It’s the ideal construction material: st...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Half of all buildings in the world are made of concrete. It’s the ideal construction material: strong, fluid and cheap. But the climate pays the real price because concrete is one of the most polluting materials in the world. So what’s an alternative? Ask the Romans.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5a54413af60bde5bde682eeda7460e97" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65458389,"asset_id":44932259,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65458389/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44932259"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44932259"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44932259; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44932259]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44932259]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44932259; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44932259']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44932259, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5a54413af60bde5bde682eeda7460e97" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44932259]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44932259,"title":"Concrete is one of the most polluting materials in the world. 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Here’s how we can make it the foundation of a new, sustainable iron age</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Correspondent</span><span>, Sep 21, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">We build everything from railroads to lunchboxes with steel, and for good reason: it’s strong, fl...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">We build everything from railroads to lunchboxes with steel, and for good reason: it’s strong, flexible and easily mass produced. But the iron production necessary to create steel is majorly polluting the planet. And it’s almost impossible to replace the material because we need it to keep building. So how do we move forward?</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="677e1bea75868b6e1837bca0d1106131" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65458429,"asset_id":44932428,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65458429/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44932428"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44932428"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44932428; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44932428]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44932428]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44932428; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44932428']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44932428, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "677e1bea75868b6e1837bca0d1106131" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44932428]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44932428,"title":"We can’t stop using steel. 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The solution? Eat less meat" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65463670/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44936494/The_most_important_invention_of_the_20th_century_keeps_us_alive_but_is_killing_the_environment_The_solution_Eat_less_meat">The most important invention of the 20th century keeps us alive but is killing the environment. The solution? Eat less meat</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Correspondent</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Thanks to an invention in 1909, we now have a world population of almost eight billion people. It...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Thanks to an invention in 1909, we now have a world population of almost eight billion people. It keeps half the world’s population alive while wreaking environmental havoc. 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Plastic...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Je smartphone zit er vol mee, je poetst er je tanden mee en verpakt er je boterhammen in. Plastic is overal: we leven in een plastic age. Maar zo belangrijk als het materiaal is, zo achteloos gaan we ermee om. Dat komt omdat ons is aangeleerd dat plastic waardeloos is. 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De oplossing? Minder vlees eten" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65463626/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44936464/De_belangrijkste_uitvinding_van_de_20ste_eeuw_houdt_ons_in_leven_%C3%A9n_is_een_ramp_voor_het_milieu_De_oplossing_Minder_vlees_eten">De belangrijkste uitvinding van de 20ste eeuw houdt ons in leven én is een ramp voor het milieu. De oplossing? Minder vlees eten</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>De Correspondent</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Dankzij een uitvinding uit 1909 hebben we nu een wereldbevolking van bijna 8 miljard mensen. Kuns...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Dankzij een uitvinding uit 1909 hebben we nu een wereldbevolking van bijna 8 miljard mensen. Kunstmest is leven, maar zadelt ons ook op met een enorm stikstofprobleem en een almaar uitdijende veestapel. 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Het is het ideale constructiemateriaal: st...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">De helft van alle gebouwen van de wereld is van beton. Het is het ideale constructiemateriaal: sterk, vloeibaar, goedkoop. Maar de echte prijs betaalt het klimaat, want beton is een van de vervuilendste materialen ter wereld. Een goed alternatief is te vinden in het verleden, bij de Romeinen.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="32dc5e5c820032b292f815a6a5577661" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65463610,"asset_id":44936458,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65463610/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44936458"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44936458"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44936458; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44936458]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44936458]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44936458; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44936458']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44936458, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "32dc5e5c820032b292f815a6a5577661" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44936458]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44936458,"title":"Voor écht duurzaam beton moeten we bij de Romeinen zijn.","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"De helft van alle gebouwen van de wereld is van beton. 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Wat zijn de alternatieven?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65463594/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44936437/Deze_vier_materialen_vormen_de_moderne_wereld_maar_maken_haar_ook_kapot_Wat_zijn_de_alternatieven">Deze vier materialen vormen de moderne wereld, maar maken haar ook kapot. Wat zijn de alternatieven?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>De Correspondent</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Beton, staal, plastic en kunstmest vormen de wereld om ons heen, maar ze zijn ook extreem vervuil...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Beton, staal, plastic en kunstmest vormen de wereld om ons heen, maar ze zijn ook extreem vervuilend. Willen we naar een duurzame samenleving, dan helpt het om te leren kijken als een archeoloog. Hoe is onze relatie met deze materialen? En wat zijn de alternatieven?</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ce2f7f826b0212e6286addeb8524003d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":65463594,"asset_id":44936437,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65463594/download_file?st=MTczMjUwNTAzMCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="44936437"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="44936437"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44936437; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44936437]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=44936437]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 44936437; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='44936437']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 44936437, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "ce2f7f826b0212e6286addeb8524003d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=44936437]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":44936437,"title":"Deze vier materialen vormen de moderne wereld, maar maken haar ook kapot. 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Hoe ziet een duurzame ijzertijd eruit?" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44936419/Staal_is_onmisbaar_%C3%A9n_supervervuilend_Hoe_ziet_een_duurzame_ijzertijd_eruit">Staal is onmisbaar én supervervuilend. Hoe ziet een duurzame ijzertijd eruit?</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>De Correspondent</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Bruggen, treinrails, wolkenkrabbers, auto’s, containerschepen én windmolens: onze moderne wereld ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Bruggen, treinrails, wolkenkrabbers, auto’s, containerschepen én windmolens: onze moderne wereld is er een van staal. Het is het materiaal van nationale trots, maar ook van een gigantische CO2-uitstoot. 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But our relationship with it is trash" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44932196/Plastic_is_a_brilliant_material_But_our_relationship_with_it_is_trash">Plastic is a brilliant material. But our relationship with it is trash</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Correspondent</span><span>, Nov 19, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">It’s in your smartphone, you brush your teeth with it and it’s even in your mattress. 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(ed.). Craftwork as problem solving: ethnographic studies of design and making. xviii, 267 pp., table, illus., bibliogrs. London: Routledge, 2018. £115.00 (cloth)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65464160/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44936820/Marchand_Trevor_H_J_ed_Craftwork_as_problem_solving_ethnographic_studies_of_design_and_making_xviii_267_pp_table_illus_bibliogrs_London_Routledge_2018_115_00_cloth_">Marchand, Trevor H.J. (ed.). Craftwork as problem solving: ethnographic studies of design and making. xviii, 267 pp., table, illus., bibliogrs. 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Built in Niugini: constructions in the highlands of Papua New Guinea. xvi, 34 & Sillitoe, Paul.Made in Niugini: technology in the highlands of Papua New Guinea. xxiv, 636 pp., maps, figs, tables, illus., bibliogr. Canon Pyon, Heref.: Sean Kingston Publishing, 2017." class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/65464048/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/44936778/Sillitoe_Paul_Built_in_Niugini_constructions_in_the_highlands_of_Papua_New_Guinea_xvi_34_and_Sillitoe_Paul_Made_in_Niugini_technology_in_the_highlands_of_Papua_New_Guinea_xxiv_636_pp_maps_figs_tables_illus_bibliogr_Canon_Pyon_Heref_Sean_Kingston_Publishing_2017">Sillitoe, Paul. Built in Niugini: constructions in the highlands of Papua New Guinea. xvi, 34 & Sillitoe, Paul.Made in Niugini: technology in the highlands of Papua New Guinea. xxiv, 636 pp., maps, figs, tables, illus., bibliogr. 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