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<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-Q61Y5YWXL4"></script><script>window.dataLayer=window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}gtag('js',new Date());gtag('config','G-Q61Y5YWXL4');</script><title>ERIC - Education Resources Information Center</title><meta name="description" content="ERIC is an online library of education research and information, sponsored by the Institute of Education Sciences (IES) of the U.S. Department of Education."><meta name="citation_abstract" content="ERIC is an online library of education research and information, sponsored by the Institute of Education Sciences (IES) of the U.S. Department of Education."><link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="css/eric.css?v=0.9" media="all"><link rel="image_src" href="img/icon_fbshare.png"><script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery-3.5.1.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/respond.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="js/eric.js?v=0.8"></script> <script type="text/javascript">$(function() {dser();$('#tab1b').click();});</script> </head> <body id="bdyMain"> <div id="main"> <div id="actionbar"><a href="?note">Notes</a><a href="?faq">FAQ</a><a href="?contact">Contact Us</a></div><div id="logo"><a href="?" id="aHome" title="ERIC Home"><img src="img/eric_results.png" id="imgLogo" alt="ERIC - Institute of Education Sciences" /></a></div> <div id="sbar"> <form id="f"> <div> <div id="tab1" class="sTab"><span>Collection</span></div> <div id="tab1b" class="sTab"><a href="#thesaurus">Thesaurus</a></div> <a id="atips" href="?advanced">Advanced<br />Search Tips</a> <input id="s" type="text" name="q" placeholder="Search education resources" /> <input type="submit" value="Search" /> </div> <div id="sopt"> <label><input type="checkbox" name="pr" /> Peer reviewed only</label> <label><input type="checkbox" name="ft" /> Full text available on ERIC</label> </div> </form> <form id="ft" style="display:none"> <div> <div id="tab2b" class="sTab"><a href="#collection">Collection</a></div> <div id="tab2" class="sTab"><span>Thesaurus</span></div> <a id="attips" href="?ti=all">Browse<br />Thesaurus</a> <input id="st" type="text" name="qt" placeholder="Search thesaurus descriptors" /> <input type="submit" value="Search" /> </div> <div id="soptt"> <label><input type="checkbox" name="ts" /> Include Synonyms</label> <label><input type="checkbox" name="td" /> Include Dead terms</label> </div> </form> </div> <div id="i"><div id="details" class="tsd"> <h2>Purpose and Scope</h2> The ERIC Thesaurus is a list of terms representing research topics in the field of education. Descriptors from the ERIC Thesaurus are assigned to every document in the ERIC digital library to describe its subject content. <p><br /></p> Terms in the ERIC Thesaurus represent the vocabulary used in the documents that comprise the ERIC digital library collection. Learn more about how the Thesaurus is updated in this <a href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLPj1N4mAX8UIjLMdzlnCLEhEsd-S1ndhX">archived webinar</a>. <p><br /></p> The ERIC Thesaurus contains a total of 11,875 terms. There are 4,578 descriptors and 7,165 synonyms. There are also 132 dead terms, which are no longer used as descriptors but remain in the Thesaurus to aid in searching older records. The ERIC Thesaurus was last updated in 2023. The updated Thesaurus includes 25 new descriptors, 32 new synonyms, and changes to 37 existing terms. For more information, view the <a href="/pdf/ERIC_2023_Thesaurus_Update.pdf">full list of updates</a> and <a href="/?download">download the updated file</a>. <h2>Browse Alphabetically</h2><div class="alphalist"><a href="?ti=0">#</a><a href="?ti=A">A</a> <a href="?ti=B">B</a> <a href="?ti=C">C</a> <a href="?ti=D">D</a> <a href="?ti=E">E</a> <a href="?ti=F">F</a> <a href="?ti=G">G</a> <a href="?ti=H">H</a> <a href="?ti=I">I</a> <a href="?ti=J">J</a> <a href="?ti=K">K</a> <a href="?ti=L">L</a> <a href="?ti=M">M</a> <a href="?ti=N">N</a> <a href="?ti=O">O</a> <a href="?ti=P">P</a> <a href="?ti=Q">Q</a> <a href="?ti=R">R</a> <a href="?ti=S">S</a> <a href="?ti=T">T</a> <a href="?ti=U">U</a> <a href="?ti=V">V</a> <a href="?ti=W">W</a> <a href="?ti=X">X</a> <a href="?ti=Y">Y</a> <a href="?ti=Z">Z</a></div><h2>Browse by Category</h2><div><div class="col1"><ul><li><a href="?ti=410">Agriculture and Natural Resources</a></li><li><a href="?ti=420">Arts</a></li><li><a href="?ti=540">Bias and Equity</a></li><li><a href="?ti=650">Business, Commerce, and Industry</a></li><li><a href="?ti=720">Communications Media</a></li><li><a href="?ti=240">Counseling</a></li><li><a href="?ti=350">Curriculum Organization</a></li><li><a href="?ti=220">Disabilities</a></li><li><a href="?ti=620">Economics and Finance</a></li><li><a href="?ti=340">Educational Levels, Degrees, and Organizations</a></li><li><a href="?ti=310">Educational Process: Classroom Perspectives</a></li><li><a href="?ti=320">Educational Process: School Perspectives</a></li><li><a href="?ti=330">Educational Process: Societal Perspectives</a></li><li><a href="?ti=910">Equipment</a></li></ul></div><div class="col2"><ul><li><a href="?ti=920">Facilities</a></li><li><a href="?ti=610">Government and Politics</a></li><li><a href="?ti=210">Health and Safety</a></li><li><a href="?ti=550">Human Geography</a></li><li><a href="?ti=430">Humanities</a></li><li><a href="?ti=120">Individual Development and Characteristics</a></li><li><a href="?ti=510">Individual in Social Context</a></li><li><a href="?ti=710">Information/Communications Systems</a></li><li><a href="?ti=630">Labor and Employment</a></li><li><a href="?ti=450">Language and Speech</a></li><li><a href="?ti=440">Languages</a></li><li><a href="?ti=110">Learning and Perception</a></li><li><a href="?ti=480">Mathematics</a></li><li><a href="?ti=820">Measurement</a></li></ul></div><div class="col3"><ul><li><a href="?ti=230">Mental Health</a></li><li><a href="?ti=640">Occupations</a></li><li><a href="?ti=560">Peoples and Cultures</a></li><li><a href="?ti=470">Physical Education and Recreation</a></li><li><a href="?ti=730">Publication/Document Types</a></li><li><a href="?ti=460">Reading</a></li><li><a href="?ti=810">Research and Theory</a></li><li><a href="?ti=490">Science and Technology</a></li><li><a href="?ti=530">Social Problems</a></li><li><a href="?ti=520">Social Processes and Structures</a></li><li><a href="?ti=360">Students, Teachers, School Personnel</a></li><li><a href="?ti=400">Subjects of Instruction</a></li><li><a href="?ti=830">Tests and Scales</a></li></ul></div></div><div style="clear:both"></div> <h2>Identifiers</h2> The ERIC identifiers are lists of standardized proper nouns representing assessments and surveys, locations, and laws, policies, and programs. The identifiers were last updated in 2023 with 34 new and revised identifiers: 14 Assessment and Surveys identifiers, 11 Location identifiers, and 9 Laws, Policies, & Programs identifiers. The current lists of identifiers are now available for browsing and searching: <a href="pdf/ERIC_Assessments_and_Surveys_Identifiers_2023.pdf" target="_blank">Assessments and Surveys</a>; <a href="pdf/ERIC_Location_Identifiers_2023.pdf" target="_blank">Location</a>; <a href="pdf/ERIC_Laws_Policies_and_Programs_2023.pdf" target="_blank">Laws, Policies, and Programs</a>. For more information on using the identifiers in your search, please see the infographic <a href="/pdf/ERIC_Identifiers.pdf" target="_blank">What are ERIC Identifiers?</a> and the video <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UBFUknHSqko" target="_blank">How to Use ERIC Identifiers</a>. <p><br /></p> </div></div> <div id="divFooter"><div id="ftrPadding"><div id="ftr"><div id="ftrSocial"> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/SearchEduResources" id="facebook" style="padding-bottom:5px"><img src="img/icon_facebook.gif" alt="Facebook" width="16" height="16" border="0"></a> <a href="http://www.twitter.com/ERICinfo" id="twitter"><img src="img/icon_twitter.gif" alt="Twitter" width="16" height="16" border="0"></a></div><div id="ftrLogos"><a href="http://www.ed.gov"><img src="img/logo_ed.gif" alt="Department of Education"></a><a href="http://ies.ed.gov"><img src="img/logo_ies.gif" alt="Institute of Education Statistics"></a></div><div id="centerLinks"><a href="?privacy">Privacy</a> | <a href="?copyright">Copyright</a> | <a href="?contact">Contact Us</a> | <a href="?selection">Selection Policy</a> | <a href="?api">API</a> | <a href="metrics">Metrics</a><div><a href="?journals">Journals</a> | <a href="?nonjournals">Non-Journals</a> | <a href="?download">Download</a> | <a href="submit">Submit</a> | <a href="?multimedia">Multimedia</a> | <a href="?widget">Widget</a></div></div></div><script id="_fed_an_ua_tag" language="javascript" type="text/javascript" src="/js/Universal-Federated-Analytics-Min.js?pga4=55622235&agency=ED&subagency=ERIC"></script></div></div> </div> <script type="text/javascript">//<![CDATA[ if(self!=top) {top.location=self.location;} //]]></script> </body> </html>