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</header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sommaire" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sommaire</h2> <button 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synthèse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Synthèse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synthèse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Utilisations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utilisations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Utilisations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Utilisations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Utilisations</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Utilisations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bijouterie_/_joaillerie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bijouterie_/_joaillerie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Bijouterie / joaillerie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bijouterie_/_joaillerie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Horlogerie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Horlogerie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Horlogerie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Horlogerie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polissage_et_rectification_mécanique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polissage_et_rectification_mécanique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Polissage et rectification mécanique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polissage_et_rectification_mécanique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Multimètres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multimètres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Multimètres</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multimètres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Laser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Laser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Laser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Laser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symbolique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbolique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Symbolique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symbolique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quelques_rubis_célèbres" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quelques_rubis_célèbres"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Quelques rubis célèbres</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quelques_rubis_célèbres-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rubis</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 99 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-99" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">99 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rub%C3%AD" title="Rubí – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Rubí" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AA" title="ياقوت – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ياقوت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AA" title="ياقوت – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ياقوت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rub%C3%ADn" title="Rubín – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Rubín" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaqut" title="Yaqut – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yaqut" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%8C_%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="روبی، آلاسکا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="روبی، آلاسکا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Рубін – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рубін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Рубін – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рубін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Рубин – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рубин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirah_delima" title="Mirah delima – banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Mirah delima" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubiz" title="Rubiz – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rubiz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob%C3%AD" title="Robí – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Robí" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AA" title="یاقووت – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="یاقووت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rub%C3%ADn" title="Rubín – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rubín" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubin" title="Rubin – kachoube" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Rubin" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kachoube" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Рубин – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Рубин" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhuddem" title="Rhuddem – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhuddem" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubin" title="Rubin – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rubin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubin" title="Rubin – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rubin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9" title="Ρουμπίνι – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρουμπίνι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ruby" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubeno" title="Rubeno – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rubeno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rub%C3%AD" title="Rubí – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rubí" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubiin" title="Rubiin – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rubiin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errubi" title="Errubi – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Errubi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AA" title="یاقوت – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یاقوت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubiini" title="Rubiini – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rubiini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAib%C3%ADn" title="Rúibín – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Rúibín" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rub%C3%AD" title="Rubí – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rubí" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="माणिक – konkani de Goa" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="माणिक" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="konkani de Goa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B9ng-p%C3%B3-sa%CC%8Dk" title="Fùng-pó-sa̍k – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Fùng-pó-sa̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%93%D7%9D" title="אודם – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אודם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6" title="कुरुविंद – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कुरुविंद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubin" title="Rubin – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rubin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Սուտակ – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սուտակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubino" title="Rubino – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Rubino" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirah_delima" title="Mirah delima – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mirah delima" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubino" title="Rubino – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Rubino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BAb%C3%ADnn" title="Rúbínn – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rúbínn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubino" title="Rubino – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rubino" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%93%E3%83%BC" title="ルビー – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルビー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ლალი – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლალი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubii" title="Rubii – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Rubii" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaqut" title="Yaqut – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Yaqut" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Рубин – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Рубин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%82" title="បទុមរាគ – khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="បទុមរាគ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF_(%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%BF)" title="ಮಾಣಿಕ್ಯ (ರೂಬಿ) – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಾಣಿಕ್ಯ (ರೂಬಿ)" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EB%B9%84" title="루비 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루비" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagend" title="Pagend – kurde" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pagend" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Рубин – kirghize" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Рубин" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghize" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbunculus" title="Carbunculus – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Carbunculus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubin" title="Rubin – luxembourgeois" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Rubin" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubinas" title="Rubinas – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rubinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rub%C4%ABns" title="Rubīns – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rubīns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatomena" title="Vatomena – malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Vatomena" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Рубин – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рубин" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82_(%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82)" title="മാണിക്യം (നവരത്നം) – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മാണിക്യം (നവരത്നം)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="माणिक – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="माणिक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batu_delima" title="Batu delima – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Batu delima" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ပတ္တမြား – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပတ္တမြား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="माणिक – népalais" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="माणिक" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="népalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AC%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE)" title="माणिक्कम् (सन् १९९६या संकिपा) – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="माणिक्कम् (सन् १९९६या संकिपा)" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robijn_(korund)" title="Robijn (korund) – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Robijn (korund)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubin" title="Rubin – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Rubin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubin" title="Rubin – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rubin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durri_diimaa" title="Durri diimaa – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Durri diimaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Лал – ossète" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Лал" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossète" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80" title="ਰੂਬੀ – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੂਬੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubin" title="Rubin – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rubin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AA" title="یاقوت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="یاقوت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AA" title="ياقوت – pachto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ياقوت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pachto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubi" title="Rubi – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rubi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puka_umi%C3%B1a" title="Puka umiña – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Puka umiña" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubin" title="Rubin – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rubin" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Рубин – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рубин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="माणिक्यम् – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="माणिक्यम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby – écossais" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ruby" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubin" title="Rubin – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rubin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%A7" title="රතුකැට – cingalais" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රතුකැට" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ruby" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rub%C3%ADn" title="Rubín – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rubín" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubin" title="Rubin – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rubin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Рубин – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рубин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubin" title="Rubin – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rubin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மாணிக்கம் – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மாணிக்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%81%D2%9B%D1%83%D1%82" title="Ёқут – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ёқут" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1_(%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B5)" title="ทับทิม (อัญมณี) – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทับทิม (อัญมณี)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubi" title="Rubi – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Rubi" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakut" title="Yakut – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yakut" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%89%D8%B2%D9%89%D9%84_%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%87%D8%AA" title="قىزىل ياقۇت – ouïghour" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="قىزىل ياقۇت" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ouïghour" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Рубін – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рубін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AA" title="یاقوت – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="یاقوت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoqut" title="Yoqut – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yoqut" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%E1%BB%93ng_ng%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Hồng ngọc – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hồng ngọc" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E5%AE%9D%E7%9F%B3" title="红宝石 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="红宝石" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9F" title="רובין – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רובין" 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class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox_v2 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="entete defaut" style="background-color:#ffc4ab;color:black;">Rubis<br /><small>Catégorie <abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr> : oxydes et hydroxydes<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></small> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Ruby_cristal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Image illustrative de l’article Rubis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Ruby_cristal.jpg/200px-Ruby_cristal.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Ruby_cristal.jpg/300px-Ruby_cristal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Ruby_cristal.jpg/400px-Ruby_cristal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="975" /></a></span> <br />Cristal de rubis non taillé, hauteur : <span class="nowrap"><span title="">2</span> <span title="centimètre">cm</span></span>. </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#ffc4ab; color:#000000">Général</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Num%C3%A9ro_CAS" title="Numéro CAS">Numéro CAS</a> </th> <td><span class="reflink plainlinksneverexpand"><span class="noarchive"><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/magnustools/cas.php?cas=12174-49-1&language=fr&title=Rubis">12174-49-1</a></span></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Classification_de_Strunz" title="Classification de Strunz">Classe de Strunz</a> </th> <td><div class="NavFrame" title="[+]/[–]" style="border:none; padding: 0;"> <div class="NavHead" style="background-color:transparent; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000); font-weight:normal;"><big>4.CB.05</big></div> <div class="NavContent" style="display:none; text-align:left;"> <p><b>4</b> OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)<br />  <b>4.C</b> Metal:Oxygen = 2:3, 3:5, and Similar<br />   <b>4.CB</b> With medium-sized cations<br />    <b>4.CB.05</b> Tistarite Ti2O3<br />Space Group R <span class="o">3c</span><br />Point Group <span class="o">3 2/m</span><br />    <b>4.CB.05</b> Auroantimonate AuSbO3<br />Space Group Ortho ?<br />Point Group Ortho<br />    <b>4.CB.05</b> Brizziite-VII NaSb+++++O3<br />Space Group R <span class="o">3</span><br />Point Group <span class="o">3</span><br />    <b>4.CB.05</b> Corundum Al2O3<br />Space Group R <span class="o">3c</span><br />Point Group <span class="o">3 2/m</span><br />    <b>4.CB.05</b> Eskolaite Cr2O3<br />Space Group R <span class="o">3c</span><br />Point Group <span class="o">3 2/m</span><br />    <b>4.CB.05</b> Hematite Fe2O3<br />Space Group R <span class="o">3c</span><br />Point Group <span class="o">3 2/m</span><br />    <b>4.CB.05</b> Karelianite V2O3<br />Space Group R <span class="o">3c</span><br />Point Group <span class="o">3 2/m</span><br />    <b>4.CB.05</b> Geikielite MgTiO3<br />Space Group R <span class="o">3</span><br />Point Group <span class="o">3</span><br />    <b>4.CB.05</b> Ecandrewsite (Zn,Fe++,Mn++)TiO3<br />Space Group R <span class="o">3</span><br />Point Group <span class="o">3</span><br />    <b>4.CB.05</b> Ilmenite Fe++TiO3<br />Space Group R <span class="o">3</span><br />Point Group <span class="o">3</span><br />    <b>4.CB.05</b> Pyrophanite MnTiO3<br />Space Group R <span class="o">3</span><br />Point Group <span class="o">3</span><br />    <b>4.CB.05</b> Brizziite-III NaSb+++++O3<br />Space Group R <span class="o">3</span><br />Point Group <span class="o">3</span><br />    <b>4.CB.05</b> Melanostibite Mn(Sb+++++,Fe+++)O3<br />Space Group R <span class="o">3</span><br />Point Group <span class="o">3</span><br />    <b>4.CB.05</b> Romanite (Fe++,U,Pb)2(Ti,Fe+++)O4<br />Space Group Trig ?<br />Point Group Trig<br /> </p> </div></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Classification_de_Dana" title="Classification de Dana">Classe de Dana</a> </th> <td><div class="NavFrame" title="[+]/[–]" style="border:none; padding: 0;"> <div class="NavHead" style="background-color:transparent; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000); font-weight:normal;"><big>04.03.01.01</big></div> <div class="NavContent" style="display:none; text-align:left;"> <p>Oxydes<br /> 4. Oxydes simples<br /> 4.3.1/ Groupe du corindon hématite<br /> 4.3.1.1 <b>Corindon</b> Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><br /> </p> </div></div> </td> </tr> <tr class="mw-empty-elt"> </tr><tr><th>Formule chimique</th> <td><span style="display:none"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a><sub>2</sub><a href="/wiki/Oxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Oxygène">O</a><sub>3</sub>   <a href="/wiki/Al2O3" class="mw-redirect" title="Al2O3"><small>[Polymorphes]</small></a></span>Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>:Cr</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#ffc4ab; color:#000000">Identification</th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Masse_mol%C3%A9culaire" title="Masse moléculaire">Masse formulaire</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>101,9613 ± 0,0009 <a href="/wiki/Unit%C3%A9_de_masse_atomique_unifi%C3%A9e" title="Unité de masse atomique unifiée">uma</a><br /><small>Al 52,93 %,  O 47,07 %,  </small><br /> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Couleur </th> <td>rouge, avec des variations marron et pourpres </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_cristallin" title="Système cristallin">Système cristallin</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_cristallin_trigonal" title="Système cristallin trigonal">Trigonal</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9seau_de_Bravais#Espace_tridimensionnel" title="Réseau de Bravais">Réseau de Bravais</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_r%C3%A9ticulaire_rhombo%C3%A9drique" title="Système réticulaire rhomboédrique">Rhomboédrique</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Classe_cristalline" title="Classe cristalline">Classe cristalline</a> et <a href="/wiki/Groupe_d%27espace" title="Groupe d'espace">groupe d'espace</a> </th> <td>scalénoèdre - ditrigonal<br /><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R{\bar {3}}c}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mn>3</mn> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mi>c</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R{\bar {3}}c}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4bfddab8439240157f9544d45fefd38aa5f14e06" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.933ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R{\bar {3}}c}"></span> (<abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 167)<div class="NavFrame" title="[+]/[-]" style="border:none; padding: 0;"><div class="NavContent" style="display:none; text-align:left;">trigonal <br /> <p>Hermann-Mauguin : <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R\ {\bar {3}}\ 2/c\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>R</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mn>3</mn> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mtext> </mtext> <mn>2</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mi>c</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R\ {\bar {3}}\ 2/c\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c558606569f1bcbba76d514ec1cf0b85f1a7d5ec" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.807ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R\ {\bar {3}}\ 2/c\,}"></span> <br /> Hermann-Mauguin court : <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle R{\bar {3}}c\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>R</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mn>3</mn> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mi>c</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle R{\bar {3}}c\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/357d72c1037441dbef3a05837c06c197455dc2e8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.32ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle R{\bar {3}}c\,}"></span> <br /> </p> Schoenflies : <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle D_{3d}^{6}\,}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msubsup> <mi>D</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> <mi>d</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>6</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle D_{3d}^{6}\,}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/51292f55e0bdb7bfaa5e5d55c28547bd508c2b34" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:4.225ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle D_{3d}^{6}\,}"></span></div></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Clivage" title="Clivage">Clivage</a> </th> <td>pas de clivage </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Cassure" title="Cassure">Cassure</a> </th> <td>inégale ou conchoïdale </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89chelle_de_Mohs" title="Échelle de Mohs">Échelle de Mohs</a> </th> <td>9,0 </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Trait_(min%C3%A9ralogie)" title="Trait (minéralogie)">Trait</a> </th> <td>blanc </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#ffc4ab; color:#000000">Propriétés optiques</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Indice_de_r%C3%A9fraction" title="Indice de réfraction">Indice de réfraction</a> </th> <td>N<sub>e</sub> = 1,76-1,768 <br /> N<sub>o</sub> = 1,768-1,778 </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Bir%C3%A9fringence" title="Biréfringence">Biréfringence</a> </th> <td>Δ = 0,008 ; uniaxe négatif </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Pl%C3%A9ochro%C3%AFsme" title="Pléochroïsme">Pléochroïsme</a> </th> <td>rouge orangé, pourpre </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#ffc4ab; color:#000000">Propriétés chimiques</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Densit%C3%A9" title="Densité">Densité</a> </th> <td>3,97 - 4,05 </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Temp%C3%A9rature_de_fusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Température de fusion">Température de fusion</a> </th> <td>2050 <a href="/wiki/Degr%C3%A9_Celsius" title="Degré Celsius">°C</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Fusibilit%C3%A9" title="Fusibilité">Fusibilité</a> </th> <td>parfaite </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><hr style="height:2px; background-color:#ffc4ab;" /></td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">Unités du <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_international_d%27unit%C3%A9s" title="Système international d'unités">SI</a> & <a href="/wiki/Conditions_normales_de_temp%C3%A9rature_et_de_pression" title="Conditions normales de température et de pression">CNTP</a>, sauf indication contraire.</td> </tr><tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #ffc4ab solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rubis&action=edit&section=0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Min%C3%A9ral" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p>Le <b>rubis</b> est la variété <a href="/wiki/Rouge" title="Rouge">rouge</a> de la famille minérale du <a href="/wiki/Corindon" title="Corindon">corindon</a>. </p><p>Sa couleur est causée principalement par la présence d'atomes de <a href="/wiki/Chrome" title="Chrome">chrome</a> (les corindons sans la présence de chrome sont les <a href="/wiki/Saphir" title="Saphir">saphirs</a>), à hauteur d'environ 2 % au maximum. Le rubis est classé comme <a href="/wiki/Gemme" title="Gemme">pierre gemme</a> en <a href="/wiki/Joaillerie" title="Joaillerie">joaillerie</a>, où il est utilisé. Il a une dureté de 9 sur l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89chelle_de_Mohs" title="Échelle de Mohs">échelle de Mohs</a>. Parmi les minéraux, ceux qui ont une dureté supérieure sont le <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">diamant</a> (10 sur l'échelle de Mohs), la <a href="/wiki/Lonsdal%C3%A9ite" title="Lonsdaléite">lonsdaléite</a> (controversé) et la <a href="/wiki/Carbure_de_silicium" title="Carbure de silicium">moissanite</a> (9,5 sur l'échelle de Mohs). </p><p>La valeur marchande d'un rubis dépend de plusieurs facteurs : ses dimensions, sa couleur, sa pureté et sa taille (sa « découpe »). Tous les rubis naturels possèdent des inclusions, seuls les rubis synthétiques peuvent donner l'impression d'être parfaits. Plus ces inclusions sont rares et infimes, plus la pierre a de valeur. C'est, avec les diamants de couleur, la pierre précieuse qui peut atteindre les valeurs les plus élevées. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extraction">Extraction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubis&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Extraction" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubis&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Extraction"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Rubis_gisements.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Rubis_gisements.jpg/220px-Rubis_gisements.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Rubis_gisements.jpg/330px-Rubis_gisements.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Rubis_gisements.jpg/440px-Rubis_gisements.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2434" data-file-height="1608" /></a><figcaption>Carte des principaux pays producteurs de rubis dans le monde.</figcaption></figure> <p>Les rubis sont extraits dans des mines principalement en <a href="/wiki/Asie" title="Asie">Asie</a> et quelquefois en <a href="/wiki/Afrique" title="Afrique">Afrique</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Australie" title="Australie">Australie</a> et dans certains États <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis" title="États-Unis">américains</a> tels que le <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a> et la <a href="/wiki/Caroline_du_Sud" title="Caroline du Sud">Caroline du Sud</a>. </p><p>Les principaux gisements se trouvent en <a href="/wiki/Birmanie" title="Birmanie">Birmanie</a> : 90 % de la production mondiale<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il y a aussi des gisements en Thaïlande, au Cambodge, au Vietnam, au <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> ainsi qu'au Mozambique et à <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>... </p><p>Le plus grand gisement se trouvait à Mong Hsu, au nord-est de la Birmanie. Les cristaux issus de Mong Hsu sont bicolores à l’état naturel : un centre noirâtre et des parois externes d’un rouge vif. Leur utilisation en joaillerie resta limitée jusqu'à la découverte d'un traitement thermique permettant l'effacement de la couleur noire du centre, laissant uniquement le rouge de la périphérie. À <a href="/wiki/Mogok" title="Mogok">Mogok</a>, situé aussi en Birmanie, on trouve notamment les très rares et très prisés rubis <span class="citation">« sang-de-pigeon »</span><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Le rubis tient une place particulière en Inde. Le terme de « corindon » vient du mot <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">sanskrit</a> <i>kuruvinda</i>. En langue sanscrite, le rubis est appelé <i>ratnaraj</i>, dont la traduction serait « Roi des Pierres Précieuses ». </p><p>Le rubis se distingue du <a href="/wiki/Spinelle" title="Spinelle">spinelle</a>, qui est parfois présent dans les mêmes formations géologiques. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Synthèse"><span id="Synth.C3.A8se"></span>Synthèse</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubis&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Synthèse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubis&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Synthèse"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En 1902, le chimiste français <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Verneuil" title="Auguste Verneuil">Auguste Verneuil</a> produit un rubis synthétique par fusion au <a href="/wiki/Chalumeau_(outil)" title="Chalumeau (outil)">chalumeau</a> oxyhydrique de poudre d'<a href="/wiki/Alumine" title="Alumine">oxyde d'aluminium</a> (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub><sub></sub>) en y ajoutant des traces d'<a href="/wiki/Oxyde_de_chrome" class="mw-disambig" title="Oxyde de chrome">oxyde de chrome</a> pour lui conférer sa couleur rouge caractéristique. Auparavant, de 1876 à 1891, Edmond Frémy, dont Auguste Verneuil était le fils adoptif et assistant, avait effectué avec lui la synthèse du rubis par la méthode des sels fondus<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utilisations">Utilisations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubis&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Utilisations" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubis&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Utilisations"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bijouterie_/_joaillerie"><span id="Bijouterie_.2F_joaillerie"></span>Bijouterie / joaillerie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubis&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Bijouterie / joaillerie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubis&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Bijouterie / joaillerie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Cut_Ruby.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Cut_Ruby.jpg/170px-Cut_Ruby.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Cut_Ruby.jpg/255px-Cut_Ruby.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Cut_Ruby.jpg/340px-Cut_Ruby.jpg 2x" data-file-width="380" data-file-height="336" /></a><figcaption>Rubis taillé.</figcaption></figure> <p>Comme toutes les pierres précieuses, le rubis est utilisé dans la joaillerie et dans les <a href="/wiki/Bijou" title="Bijou">bijoux</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Horlogerie">Horlogerie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubis&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Horlogerie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubis&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Horlogerie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Raquette_eta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Raquette_eta.jpg/220px-Raquette_eta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Raquette_eta.jpg/330px-Raquette_eta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Raquette_eta.jpg/440px-Raquette_eta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="837" data-file-height="746" /></a><figcaption>Rubis protégeant le pivot de la roue du ressort spiral dans une montre mécanique.</figcaption></figure> <p>Il est parfois utilisé dans l'horlogerie électronique, mais très largement dans l'horlogerie mécanique, pour la fabrication des paliers qui supportent les pivots des axes du rouage, à cause des frottements extrêmement réduits du métal sur la pierre. D'autre part, vu les pressions relatives très élevées (si l'on compare le <a href="/wiki/Couple_(physique)" title="Couple (physique)">couple</a> transmis par les <a href="/wiki/Engrenage" title="Engrenage">engrenages</a> en rapport avec la surface extrêmement réduite des pivots : 15/<abbr class="abbr" title="Centième">100<sup>e</sup></abbr> de mm de diamètre pour les plus fins), la <a href="/wiki/Platine_(horlogerie)" title="Platine (horlogerie)">platine</a> de <a href="/wiki/Montre_(horlogerie)" title="Montre (horlogerie)">montre</a> étant elle-même en métal, le <a href="/wiki/Frottement" title="Frottement">frottement</a> métal sur métal induirait inévitablement, à court terme, un <a href="/wiki/Grippage" title="Grippage">grippage</a> du palier après que les <a href="/wiki/Huile" title="Huile">huiles</a> auront perdu de leur efficacité (état inéluctable pour une montre fonctionnant plusieurs années consécutives). Les rubis utilisés sont tous synthétiques et peuvent être des agrégats de poudre de rubis aussi bien que des monoblocs (tel que dans les mécanismes les plus luxueux). Ils sont dans ce cas légèrement rosâtres et totalement transparents. Voir aussi : <i><a href="/wiki/Pierre_d%27horlogerie" title="Pierre d'horlogerie">Pierre d'horlogerie</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polissage_et_rectification_mécanique"><span id="Polissage_et_rectification_m.C3.A9canique"></span>Polissage et rectification mécanique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubis&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Polissage et rectification mécanique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubis&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Polissage et rectification mécanique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="need_ref" title="Ce passage nécessite une référence (demandé le 15 novembre 2016)." style="cursor:help;">On l'utilise pour la fabrication de meules, seul ou en combinaison avec du corindon blanc (grain mixe dur et tendre) pour la rectification de pièce cémentée ou trempée, avec le seul inconvénient de fatiguer le diamant que l'on utilise pour régénérer le grain de cette dernière.</span><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire" title="Aide:Référence nécessaire">[réf. nécessaire]</a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Multimètres"><span id="Multim.C3.A8tres"></span>Multimètres</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubis&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Multimètres" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubis&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Multimètres"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Des petits rubis étaient également utilisés dans les <a href="/wiki/Multim%C3%A8tre" title="Multimètre">voltmètres, ampèremètres et multimètres</a> analogiques afin de minimiser au maximum les frottements dans la suspension de l'équipage mobile du galvanomètre, frottements qui seraient sources d'erreur lors des mesures. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Laser">Laser</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubis&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifier la section : Laser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubis&action=edit&section=8" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Laser"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le premier <a href="/wiki/Laser_%C3%A0_rubis" title="Laser à rubis">laser à rubis</a> fut construit en 1960 et cette <a href="/wiki/Technique" title="Technique">technique</a> fut employée dans l'industrie dès 1965. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbolique">Symbolique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubis&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifier la section : Symbolique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubis&action=edit&section=9" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Symbolique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Les <a href="/wiki/Noces" class="mw-redirect" title="Noces">noces</a> de rubis symbolisent les 35 ans de <a href="/wiki/Mariage" title="Mariage">mariage</a> dans le folklore français. Cette pierre précieuse symbolise le mois de juillet<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Le rubis fut la pierre la plus précieuse dans l'ancien temps. On lui confère le mythe dans lequel le rubis représenterait le sang du Christ dans les sociétés chrétiennes. Elle était la pierre précieuse qui ornait les anneaux cardinalices jusqu'au <a href="/wiki/Concile" title="Concile">concile</a> œcuménique <a href="/wiki/IIe_concile_%C5%93cum%C3%A9nique_du_Vatican" class="mw-redirect" title="IIe concile œcuménique du Vatican">Vatican II</a>. </p><p>Il symbolise aussi charité, amour, courage, loyauté ou encore passion. Les rois et chevaliers en portaient sur leurs heaumes et couronnes dans le but de les garder en bonne santé, ainsi que de les protéger des blessures. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quelques_rubis_célèbres"><span id="Quelques_rubis_c.C3.A9l.C3.A8bres"></span>Quelques rubis célèbres</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubis&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifier la section : Quelques rubis célèbres" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubis&action=edit&section=10" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Quelques rubis célèbres"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Le rubis de la <a href="/wiki/Couronne_de_saint_Venceslas" title="Couronne de saint Venceslas">couronne</a> de <a href="/wiki/Saint_Wenceslas" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Wenceslas">saint Wenceslas</a> : un rubis non taillé de 250 carats environ, conservé à la <a href="/wiki/Cath%C3%A9drale_Saint-Guy_de_Prague" title="Cathédrale Saint-Guy de Prague">cathédrale Saint-Guy</a> de <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Le rubis Hixon est un cristal brut de rubis de 196 carats, il est conservé dans la collection de minéraux du <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27histoire_naturelle_du_comt%C3%A9_de_Los_Angeles" title="Musée d'histoire naturelle du comté de Los Angeles">musée d'histoire naturelle du comté de Los Angeles</a>.</li> <li>Le rubis Maung Lin était un rubis de 400 carats qui a été découpé en trois parties.</li> <li>Le rubis de la Paix : découvert en Birmanie le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1919-06-30" data-sort-value="1919-06-30">30 juin 1919</time> (deux jours après la signature du <a href="/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_de_Versailles" title="Traité de Versailles">traité de Versailles</a>), il est rond, pèse 25 carats et sa couleur est « sang de pigeon ». Il est aujourd'hui exposé au <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_am%C3%A9ricain_d%27histoire_naturelle" title="Musée américain d'histoire naturelle">musée d'Histoire naturelle</a> à New York.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubis&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubis&action=edit&section=11" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:30em;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">La <a href="/wiki/Classification_des_min%C3%A9raux" title="Classification des minéraux">classification des minéraux</a> choisie est <a href="/wiki/Classification_de_Strunz" title="Classification de Strunz">celle de Strunz</a>, à l'exception des polymorphes de la silice, qui sont classés parmi les silicates.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Masse molaire calculée d’après <span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iupac/AtWt/AtWt07.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;"><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Atomic weights of the elements 2007</span></cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">www.chem.qmul.ac.uk</span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Marc Roche, <span class="noarchive">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071031052450/https://www.lemonde.fr/web/article/0,1-0@2-3232,36-972370,0.html">Rubis de sang birmans</a> »</span>, sur <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2007-10-30" data-sort-value="2007-10-30">30 octobre 2007</time> <small>(version du <time class="nowrap" datetime="2007-10-31" data-sort-value="2007-10-31">31 octobre 2007</time> sur <i><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>)</small>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Transon1992"><span class="ouvrage" id="Emmanuel_Transon1992">Emmanuel Transon (<abbr class="abbr" title="photographies">photogr.</abbr> Yves Gellie), « <cite style="font-style:normal">Fièvre sur le rubis</cite> », <i>Géo</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 159,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="1992-05" data-sort-value="1992-05">mai 1992</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 54 à 71 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/0220-8245">0220-8245</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Fi%C3%A8vre+sur+le+rubis&rft.jtitle=G%C3%A9o&rft.issue=159&rft.aulast=Transon&rft.aufirst=Emmanuel&rft.date=1992-05&rft.pages=54+%C3%A0+71&rft.issn=0220-8245&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ARubis"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Voir Musée de la Minéralogie et Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle à Paris.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Hall2015"><span class="ouvrage" id="Judy_Hall2015">Judy Hall, <cite class="italique">Cristaux : Comment utiliser les cristaux et leur énergie pour améliorer votre vie</cite>, Varennes, AdA, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2015-12-10" data-sort-value="2015-12-10">10 décembre 2015</time>, 308 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-89752-917-8" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-89752-917-8"><span class="nowrap">978-2-89752-917-8</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WxolDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cristaux&rft.place=Varennes&rft.pub=AdA&rft.stitle=Comment+utiliser+les+cristaux+et+leur+%C3%A9nergie+pour+am%C3%A9liorer+votre+vie&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Judy&rft.date=2015-12-10&rft.tpages=308&rft.isbn=978-2-89752-917-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ARubis"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gemmantia.com/rubis-celebres.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Rubis célèbres</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">gemmantia.com</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-01-10" data-sort-value="2021-01-10">10 janvier 2021</time>)</small></span>.</span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubis&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubis&action=edit&section=12" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ruby?uselang=fr">Rubis</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li><li class="wiktionary"><a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/rubis" class="extiw" title="wikt:rubis">rubis</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur le <span class="project">Wiktionnaire</span></span></li> </ul> </div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers">Notices dans des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43088?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/ruby"><i>Britannica</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://denstoredanske.lex.dk//rubin/"><i>Den Store Danske Encyklopædi</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/rubino_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/"><i>Enciclopedia italiana</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/rubino.html"><i>Enciclopedia De Agostini</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snl.no/rubin"><i>Store norske leksikon</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/rubino"><i>Treccani</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/rubis/"><i>Universalis</i></a></li> </ul></div></li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43088?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85115689">LCCN</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/4126594-4">GND</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap uid noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007546156105171">Israël</a></span></li> </ul></div></li></ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Pierres_et_m%C3%A9taux_de_joaillerie" title="Modèle:Palette Pierres et métaux de joaillerie"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Pierres_et_m%C3%A9taux_de_joaillerie&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%">Pierres et métaux de <a href="/wiki/Joaillerie" title="Joaillerie">joaillerie</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#DDDDFF; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tal_pr%C3%A9cieux" title="Métal précieux">Métaux précieux</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argent" title="Argent">Argent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Or" title="Or">Or</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Palladium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platine" title="Platine">Platine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rhodium</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#DDDDFF; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Alliage" title="Alliage">Alliages</a> de métaux précieux</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left; background:#ECECFF"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Or#Alliages" title="Or">Alliages aurifères</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Or_blanc" title="Or blanc">Or blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argent_Britannia" title="Argent Britannia">Argent Britannia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argent_sterling" title="Argent sterling">Argent sterling </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billon_(alliage)" title="Billon (alliage)">Billon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lectrum" title="Électrum">Électrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermeil" title="Vermeil">Vermeil</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#DDDDFF; vertical-align:middle;">Métaux et alliages</th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acier_inoxydable" title="Acier inoxydable">Acier inoxydable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airain" title="Airain">Airain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliage_plomb-%C3%A9tain" title="Alliage plomb-étain">Alliage plomb-étain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">Bronze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuivre" title="Cuivre">Cuivre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiton" title="Laiton">Laiton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maillechort" title="Maillechort">Maillechort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Niobium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinchbeck_(alliage)" title="Pinchbeck (alliage)">Pinchbeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantale_(chimie)" title="Tantale (chimie)">Tantale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titane" title="Titane">Titane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungst%C3%A8ne" title="Tungstène">Tungstène</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#DDDDFF; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_pr%C3%A9cieuse" title="Pierre précieuse">Pierres précieuses</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left; background:#ECECFF"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">Diamant</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rubis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89meraude" title="Émeraude">Émeraude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saphir" title="Saphir">Saphir</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#DDDDFF; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Gemme" title="Gemme">Pierres fines</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actinote_(min%C3%A9ral)" title="Actinote (minéral)">Actinote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agate" title="Agate">Agate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aigue-marine" title="Aigue-marine">Aigue-marine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrite" title="Alexandrite">Alexandrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almandin" title="Almandin">Almandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amblygonite" title="Amblygonite">Amblygonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9thyste" title="Améthyste">Améthyste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatase" title="Anatase">Anatase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andradite" title="Andradite">Andradite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angl%C3%A9site" title="Anglésite">Anglésite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apatite" title="Apatite">Apatite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aventurine" title="Aventurine">Aventurine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axinite" title="Axinite">Axinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barytine" title="Barytine">Barytine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9nito%C3%AFte" title="Bénitoïte">Bénitoïte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilianite" title="Brazilianite">Brazilianite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancrinite" title="Cancrinite">Cancrinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charo%C3%AFte" title="Charoïte">Charoïte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysocolle" title="Chrysocolle">Chrysocolle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrine" title="Citrine">Citrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinozo%C3%AFsite" title="Clinozoïsite">Clinozoïsite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordi%C3%A9rite" title="Cordiérite">Cordiérite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornaline" title="Cornaline">Cornaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartz_(min%C3%A9ral)" title="Quartz (minéral)">Cristal de roche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danburite" title="Danburite">Danburite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andradite" title="Andradite">Démantoïde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disth%C3%A8ne" title="Disthène">Disthène</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elba%C3%AFte" title="Elbaïte">Elbaïte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89pidote" title="Épidote">Épidote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gosh%C3%A9nite" title="Goshénite">Goshénite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenat" title="Grenat">Grenat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha%C3%BCyne" title="Haüyne">Haüyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9liodore_(b%C3%A9ryl)" title="Héliodore (béryl)">Héliodore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9matite" title="Hématite">Hématite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spodum%C3%A8ne" title="Spodumène">Hiddénite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jade" title="Jade">Jade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaspe" title="Jaspe">Jaspe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spodum%C3%A8ne" title="Spodumène">Kunzite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapis-lazuli" title="Lapis-lazuli">Lapis-lazuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larimar" title="Larimar">Larimar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachite" title="Malachite">Malachite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andradite" title="Andradite">Mélanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microcline" title="Microcline">Microcline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morganite" title="Morganite">Morganite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%92il-de-tigre" title="Œil-de-tigre">Œil-de-tigre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligoclase" title="Oligoclase">Oligoclase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onyx_(min%C3%A9ral)" title="Onyx (minéral)">Onyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opale" title="Opale">Opale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painite" title="Painite">Painite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9riclase" title="Périclase">Périclase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9ridot" title="Péridot">Péridot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_lune" title="Pierre de lune">Pierre de lune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9liolite" title="Héliolite">Pierre de soleil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehnite" title="Prehnite">Prehnite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartz_rose" title="Quartz rose">Quartz rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartz_fum%C3%A9" title="Quartz fumé">Quartz fumé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodonite" title="Rhodonite">Rhodonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutile" title="Rutile">Rutile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheelite" title="Scheelite">Scheelite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpentine_(min%C3%A9ral)" title="Serpentine (minéral)">Serpentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodalite" title="Sodalite">Sodalite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spessartine" title="Spessartine">Spessartine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinelle" title="Spinelle">Spinelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spodum%C3%A8ne" title="Spodumène">Spodumène</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staurolite" title="Staurolite">Staurolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanite" title="Tanzanite">Tanzanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A9molite" title="Trémolite">Trémolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topaze_(min%C3%A9ral)" title="Topaze (minéral)">Topaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourmaline" title="Tourmaline">Tourmaline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turquoise_(min%C3%A9ral)" title="Turquoise (minéral)">Turquoise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uvarovite" title="Uvarovite">Uvarovite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variscite" title="Variscite">Variscite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zircon" title="Zircon">Zircon</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="width:170px; background:#DDDDFF; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Gemme" title="Gemme">Gemmes</a> organiques</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left; background:#ECECFF"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambre" title="Ambre">Ambre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copal" title="Copal">Copal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corail_rouge" title="Corail rouge">Corail rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jais" title="Jais">Jais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mellite_(min%C3%A9ral)" title="Mellite (minéral)">Mellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nacre" title="Nacre">Nacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perle" title="Perle">Perle</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Min%C3%A9raux_et_roches" title="Portail des minéraux et roches"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Emerald_rough_300x422.jpg/17px-Emerald_rough_300x422.jpg" decoding="async" width="17" height="24" class="mw-file-element" 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