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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu utama</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu utama</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasi </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" title="Kunjungi Halaman Utama [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Halaman Utama</span></a></li><li id="n-Daftar-isi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Isi"><span>Daftar isi</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terbaru" title="Daftar perubahan terbaru dalam wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terbaru</span></a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik"><span>Artikel pilihan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini"><span>Peristiwa terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru"><span>Halaman baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Halaman sembarang</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi"><span>Warung Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan."><span>Bantuan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar"><span>Pancapilar</span></a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman"><span>Kebijakan</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir"><span>Bak pasir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pencarian</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id" class=""><span>Menyumbang</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Akuifer" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Akuifer" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Akuifer" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Akuifer" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Klasifikasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klasifikasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Klasifikasi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Klasifikasi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Klasifikasi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Klasifikasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jenuh_dan_tak_jenuh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jenuh_dan_tak_jenuh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Jenuh dan tak jenuh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jenuh_dan_tak_jenuh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Akuifer,_akuitard,_dan_akuiklud" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Akuifer,_akuitard,_dan_akuiklud"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Akuifer, akuitard, dan akuiklud</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Akuifer,_akuitard,_dan_akuiklud-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terkekang_dan_bebas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terkekang_dan_bebas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Terkekang dan bebas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terkekang_dan_bebas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isotropik_dan_anisotropik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isotropik_dan_anisotropik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Isotropik dan anisotropik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isotropik_dan_anisotropik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Akuifer</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 56 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">56 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acuifero" title="Acuifero – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Acuifero" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="طبقة المياه الجوفية – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طبقة المياه الجوفية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%81%D8%B1" title="آکیفر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آکیفر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Водоносен хоризонт – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Водоносен хоризонт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0" title="ভূগর্ভস্থ সিক্ত শিলাস্তর – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভূগর্ভস্থ সিক্ত শিলাস্তর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aq%C3%BC%C3%ADfer" title="Aqüífer – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aqüífer" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%B5%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="ئاوھەڵگر – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئاوھەڵگر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvode%C5%88" title="Zvodeň – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zvodeň" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grundvandsmagasin" title="Grundvandsmagasin – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Grundvandsmagasin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grundwasserleiter" title="Grundwasserleiter – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Grundwasserleiter" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquifer" title="Aquifer – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Aquifer" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grundakvejo" title="Grundakvejo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Grundakvejo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B5hjaveekiht" title="Põhjaveekiht – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Põhjaveekiht" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akuifero" title="Akuifero – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Akuifero" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="آبخوان – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آبخوان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akviferi" title="Akviferi – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Akviferi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquif%C3%A8re" title="Aquifère – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aquifère" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uisc%C3%ADoch" title="Uiscíoch – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Uiscíoch" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acu%C3%ADfero" title="Acuífero – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Acuífero" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%94" title="אקווה – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אקווה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B0" title="जलभर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जलभर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akwif%C3%A8" title="Akwifè – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Akwifè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falda_acquifera" title="Falda acquifera – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Falda acquifera" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%AF%E6%B0%B4%E5%B1%A4" title="帯水層 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="帯水層" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AC%E1%83%A7%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="წყლიანი ჰორიზონტი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="წყლიანი ჰორიზონტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1swom_(a%CC%B1sa%CC%B1khwot)" title="A̱swom (a̱sa̱khwot) – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱swom (a̱sa̱khwot)" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%96_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Жергілікті сулар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жергілікті сулар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%B0" title="ಜಲಧರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜಲಧರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EC%88%98%EC%B8%B5" title="대수층 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대수층" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratum_aquiferum" title="Stratum aquiferum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Stratum aquiferum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aves" title="Aves – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Aves" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vandeningas_sluoksnis" title="Vandeningas sluoksnis – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vandeningas sluoksnis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Уст давхарга – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Уст давхарга" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akuifer" title="Akuifer – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Akuifer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquifer" title="Aquifer – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aquifer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akvifer" title="Akvifer – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Akvifer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81eeyi%CA%BCdi_t%C3%B3h%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD" title="Łeeyiʼdi tóhígíí – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Łeeyiʼdi tóhígíí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warstwa_wodono%C5%9Bna" title="Warstwa wodonośna – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Warstwa wodonośna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqu%C3%ADfero" title="Aquífero – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Aquífero" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acvifer" title="Acvifer – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Acvifer" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Водоносный горизонт – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Водоносный горизонт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izdan" title="Izdan – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Izdan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B0%E0%B6%BB" title="ජලධර – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජලධර" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquifer" title="Aquifer – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Aquifer" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrologick%C3%BD_kolektor" title="Hydrologický kolektor – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hydrologický kolektor" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodonosnik" title="Vodonosnik – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vodonosnik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Издан – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Издан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquifer" title="Aquifer – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Aquifer" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akvifer" title="Akvifer – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Akvifer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88" title="நிலத்தடி நீர்ப்படுகை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நிலத்தடி நீர்ப்படுகை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3" title="ชั้นหินอุ้มน้ำ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชั้นหินอุ้มน้ำ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akifer" title="Akifer – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Akifer" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Водоносний горизонт – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Водоносний горизонт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A2%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B0%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%81" title="زیر زمین آبی ذخیرہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="زیر زمین آبی ذخیرہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BA%A7ng_ng%E1%BA%ADm_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc" title="Tầng ngậm nước – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tầng ngậm nước" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%AB%E6%B0%B4%E5%B1%82" title="含水层 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="含水层" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q208791#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon 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href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Akuifer&id=25663591&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAkuifer"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAkuifer"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Akuifer"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Akuifer&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akuifer&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Aquifers" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q208791" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Aquifer_id.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Aquifer_id.svg/350px-Aquifer_id.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="346" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Aquifer_id.svg/525px-Aquifer_id.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Aquifer_id.svg/700px-Aquifer_id.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="672" data-file-height="665" /></a><figcaption>Akuifer</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Akuifer</b> adalah lapisan yang terdapat di bawah tanah yang mengandung air dan dapat mengalirkan air. Lapisan akuifer mengandung formasi batu-batuan yang mampu melepaskan air dalam jumlah yang banyak.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Air yang keluar dalam jumlah banyak mampu membentuk mata air. Melalui akuifer inilah <a href="/wiki/Air_tanah" title="Air tanah">air tanah</a> dapat diambil. Penelitian aliran air di akuifer dan karakterisasi akuifer disebut <a href="/wiki/Hidrogeologi" title="Hidrogeologi">hidrogeologi</a>. Aquifer ada dalam berbagai kedalaman. Misalnya, <a href="/wiki/Pegunungan_Atlas" title="Pegunungan Atlas">Pegunungan Atlas</a> di <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Utara" title="Afrika Utara">Afrika Utara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gunung_Lebanon" title="Gunung Lebanon">Gunung Lebanon</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-Lebanon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anti-Lebanon (halaman belum tersedia)">Anti-Lebanon</a> di <a href="/wiki/Suriah" title="Suriah">Suriah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palestina" title="Palestina">Palestina</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jebel_Akhdar_(Oman)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jebel Akhdar (Oman) (halaman belum tersedia)">Jebel Akhdar</a> di <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>, dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sierra_Nevada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sierra Nevada (halaman belum tersedia)">Sierra Nevada</a> memiliki akuifer dangkal yang dieksploitasi untuk mengekstraksi air. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klasifikasi">Klasifikasi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akuifer&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Klasifikasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akuifer&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Klasifikasi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jenuh_dan_tak_jenuh">Jenuh dan tak jenuh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akuifer&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Jenuh dan tak jenuh" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akuifer&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Jenuh dan tak jenuh"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Kadar_air" title="Kadar air">Kadar air</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Kerak_Bumi" title="Kerak Bumi">Kerak Bumi</a> dapat dibagi menjadi dua bagian, yakni zona <a href="/wiki/Kadar_air" title="Kadar air">jenuh</a> atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zona_freatik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zona freatik (halaman belum tersedia)">freatik</a> dan zona tak jenuh atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zona_vados&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zona vados (halaman belum tersedia)">vados</a>. Zona freatik adalah area yang seluruh ruang kosongnya terisi oleh air, seperti akuifer, akuitard, dan sebagainya.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sebaliknya, zona vados adalah area dalam tanah yang masih memiliki ruang untuk diisi oleh lebih banyak air.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kondisi jenuh merupakan kondisi ketika <a href="/wiki/Pressure_head" class="mw-redirect" title="Pressure head">pressure head</a> air lebih besar daripada <a href="/wiki/Tekanan_atmosfer" title="Tekanan atmosfer">tekanan atmosfer</a>. Dengan demikian, tekanan ukur untuk kondisi tersebut lebih dari nol. Pada muka air tanah, pressure head air sama dengan tekanan atmosfer, sehingga tekanan ukur pada kondisi tersebut sama dengan nol. Kondisi tak jenuh merupakan kondisi area di atas muka air tanah dengan pressure head negatif.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Akuifer,_akuitard,_dan_akuiklud"><span id="Akuifer.2C_akuitard.2C_dan_akuiklud"></span>Akuifer, akuitard, dan akuiklud</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akuifer&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Akuifer, akuitard, dan akuiklud" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akuifer&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Akuifer, akuitard, dan akuiklud"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Akuifer merupakan daerah di bawah tanah yang mampu mengalirkan air dalam jumlah yang cukup untuk menyediakan air bagi <a href="/wiki/Sumur" title="Sumur">sumur</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Mata_air" title="Mata air">mata air</a>. Zona yang mengalirkan air lebih lambat dibandingkan akuifer disebut akuitard. Akuitard mampu mengalirkan air dalam jumlah yang kecil sehingga tidak dapat memenuhi kebutuhan air sumur. Sementara itu, akuiklud adalah formasi geologis jenuh yang mampu menyimpan air, tetapi sulit untuk mengalirkannya.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Akuifer dapat berupa formasi batuan seperti <a href="/wiki/Kerikil" title="Kerikil">kerikil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Batu_pasir" title="Batu pasir">paras</a>, batu kapur, dan sebagainya. Akuitard dapat berupa formasi pasir berlumpur yang memiliki <a href="/wiki/Permeabilitas" title="Permeabilitas">permeabilitas</a> rendah. Tanah lempung dan serpih dapat dikategorikan sebagai akuiklud karena tidak mampu mengalirkan air dalam jumlah yang berarti.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Terkekang_dan_bebas">Terkekang dan bebas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akuifer&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Terkekang dan bebas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akuifer&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Terkekang dan bebas"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Porositas" title="Porositas">Porositas</a></div><p>Akuifer juga dapat dibagi menjadi akuifer terkekang dan akuifer bebas. Akuifer bebas, juga disebut sebagai akuifer muka air atau akuifer freatik, adalah akuifer yang batas atasnya berupa muka air atau permukaan freatik. Akuifer bebas tidak memiliki lapisan pembatas seperti akuiklud dan akuitard di atasnya. Umumnya, akuifer yang berada paling dekat dengan permukaan Bumi merupakan akuifer bebas. Sebaliknya, akuifer terkekang merupakan akuifer yang dibatasi oleh lapisan pembatas seperti tanah lempung di atasnya.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lapisan pembatas ini dapat melindungi akuifer terkekang terhadap kontaminasi dari permukaan Bumi. Meskipun demikian, akuifer terkekang tetap dapat terkontaminasi akibat aktivitas pertambangan.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Apabila perbedaan geologis antara akuifer bebas dan terkekang tidak begitu jelas, klasifikasi akuifer dapat ditentukan melalui nilai storativitas yang didapatkan dari uji akuifer. Akuifer terkekang umumnya memilki nilai storativitas kecil (antara 10<sup>−5</sup> hingga 0.001), sementara akuifer bebas memiliki nilai storativitas lebih tinggi (antara 0.01 hingga 0.35). Meskipun demikian, data yang didapatkan dari uji akuifer harus diimbangi dengan data lainnya karena nilai storativitas juga bergantung pada ketebalan akuifer, besar batuan, bentuk pori, dan faktor-faktor lainnya.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Isotropik_dan_anisotropik">Isotropik dan anisotropik</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akuifer&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Isotropik dan anisotropik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akuifer&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Isotropik dan anisotropik"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Akuifer dapat dikategorikan sebagai akuifer <a href="/wiki/Isotropi" title="Isotropi">isotropik</a> apabila konduktivitas hidrauliknya (K) sama saat ditinjau dari semua arah. Sebaliknya, apabila konduktivitas hidraulik akuifer berbeda saat ditinjau dari arah yang berbeda, maka akuifer tersebut dikategorikan sebagai akuifer anisotropik. Akuifer semi terkekang dengan satu atau lebih akuitard dikategorikan sebagai sistem anisotropik karena memiliki konduktivitas hidraulik horizontal (Kh) dan vertikal (Kv) yang berbeda meskipun pada kasus tertentu memiliki lapisan-lapisan pembatas isotropik.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akuifer&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akuifer&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Nailufar, Nibras Nada (2020-04-09). Nailufar, Nibras Nada, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kompas.com/skola/read/2020/04/09/120000969/pengertian-akuifer-dan-macamnya">"Pengertian Akuifer dan Macamnya"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Kompas.com" title="Kompas.com">Kompas.com</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2021-01-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kompas.com&rft.atitle=Pengertian+Akuifer+dan+Macamnya&rft.date=2020-04-09&rft.aulast=Nailufar&rft.aufirst=Nibras+Nada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kompas.com%2Fskola%2Fread%2F2020%2F04%2F09%2F120000969%2Fpengertian-akuifer-dan-macamnya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAkuifer" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Pepper, Ian L.; Gentry, Terry J. (2015-01-01). Pepper, Ian L.; Gerba, Charles P.; Gentry, Terry J., ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123946263000041"><i>Environmental Microbiology (Third Edition)</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). San Diego: Academic Press. hlm. 61–62. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-0-12-394626-3.00004-1">10.1016/b978-0-12-394626-3.00004-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-12-394626-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-12-394626-3">978-0-12-394626-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Environmental+Microbiology+%28Third+Edition%29&rft.place=San+Diego&rft.pages=61-62&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2015-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fb978-0-12-394626-3.00004-1&rft.isbn=978-0-12-394626-3&rft.aulast=Pepper&rft.aufirst=Ian+L.&rft.au=Gentry%2C+Terry+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB9780123946263000041&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAkuifer" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://water.usgs.gov/ogw/unsaturated.html">"Unsaturated Zone"</a>. <i>USGS Groundwater Information</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal 30-12-2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USGS+Groundwater+Information&rft.atitle=Unsaturated+Zone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwater.usgs.gov%2Fogw%2Funsaturated.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAkuifer" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|access-date=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Atangana, Abdon (2018-01-01). Atangana, Abdon, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128096703000126"><i>Fractional Operators with Constant and Variable Order with Application to Geo-Hydrology</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Academic Press. hlm. 299. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-0-12-809670-3.00012-6">10.1016/b978-0-12-809670-3.00012-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-12-809670-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-12-809670-3">978-0-12-809670-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fractional+Operators+with+Constant+and+Variable+Order+with+Application+to+Geo-Hydrology&rft.pages=299&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2018-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fb978-0-12-809670-3.00012-6&rft.isbn=978-0-12-809670-3&rft.aulast=Atangana&rft.aufirst=Abdon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB9780128096703000126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAkuifer" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Şen, Zekâi (2015-01-01). Şen, Zekâi, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128000755000029"><i>Practical and Applied Hydrogeology</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Oxford: Elsevier. hlm. 47. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-0-12-800075-5.00002-9">10.1016/b978-0-12-800075-5.00002-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-12-800075-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-12-800075-5">978-0-12-800075-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Practical+and+Applied+Hydrogeology&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2015-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fb978-0-12-800075-5.00002-9&rft.isbn=978-0-12-800075-5&rft.aulast=%C5%9Een&rft.aufirst=Zek%C3%A2i&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB9780128000755000029&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAkuifer" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-difference-between-a-confined-and-unconfined-water-table-aquifer?qt-news_science_products=0#qt-news_science_products">"What is the difference between a confined and an unconfined (water-table) aquifer?"</a>. <i>www.usgs.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2020-12-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.usgs.gov&rft.atitle=What+is+the+difference+between+a+confined+and+an+unconfined+%28water-table%29+aquifer%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usgs.gov%2Ffaqs%2Fwhat-difference-between-a-confined-and-unconfined-water-table-aquifer%3Fqt-news_science_products%3D0%23qt-news_science_products&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAkuifer" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Teng, Yanguo; Feng, Dan; Song, Liuting; Wang, Jinsheng; Li, Jian (2013-11-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3274-4">"Total petroleum hydrocarbon distribution in soils and groundwater in Songyuan oilfield, Northeast China"</a>. <i>Environmental Monitoring and Assessment</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). <b>185</b> (11): 9567. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10661-013-3274-4">10.1007/s10661-013-3274-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1573-2959">1573-2959</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Monitoring+and+Assessment&rft.atitle=Total+petroleum+hydrocarbon+distribution+in+soils+and+groundwater+in+Songyuan+oilfield%2C+Northeast+China&rft.volume=185&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=9567&rft.date=2013-11-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10661-013-3274-4&rft.issn=1573-2959&rft.aulast=Teng&rft.aufirst=Yanguo&rft.au=Feng%2C+Dan&rft.au=Song%2C+Liuting&rft.au=Wang%2C+Jinsheng&rft.au=Li%2C+Jian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2Fs10661-013-3274-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAkuifer" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> "In the unconfined aquifer, the highest concentration of TPH in groundwater was mainly in farmland, while for the confined aquifer, higher concentrations of TPH in groundwater were mainly in the oil exploitation area."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Kumar, T. Jeyavel Raja; Balasubramanian, A.; Kumar, R. S.; Dushiyanthan, C.; Thiruneelakandan, B.; Suresh, R.; Karthikeyan, K.; Davidraju, D. (2016-06-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-014-0216-4">"Assessment of groundwater potential based on aquifer properties of hard rock terrain in the Chittar–Uppodai watershed, Tamil Nadu, India"</a>. <i>Applied Water Science</i> (dalam bahasa Inggris). <b>6</b> (2): 183. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs13201-014-0216-4">10.1007/s13201-014-0216-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2190-5495">2190-5495</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Water+Science&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+groundwater+potential+based+on+aquifer+properties+of+hard+rock+terrain+in+the+Chittar%E2%80%93Uppodai+watershed%2C+Tamil+Nadu%2C+India&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=183&rft.date=2016-06-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs13201-014-0216-4&rft.issn=2190-5495&rft.aulast=Kumar&rft.aufirst=T.+Jeyavel+Raja&rft.au=Balasubramanian%2C+A.&rft.au=Kumar%2C+R.+S.&rft.au=Dushiyanthan%2C+C.&rft.au=Thiruneelakandan%2C+B.&rft.au=Suresh%2C+R.&rft.au=Karthikeyan%2C+K.&rft.au=Davidraju%2C+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2Fs13201-014-0216-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAkuifer" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Atangana, Abdon (2018-01-01). Atangana, Abdon, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128096703000011"><i>Fractional Operators with Constant and Variable Order with Application to Geo-Hydrology</i></a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Academic Press. hlm. 2–3. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-0-12-809670-3.00001-1">10.1016/b978-0-12-809670-3.00001-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-12-809670-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-12-809670-3">978-0-12-809670-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fractional+Operators+with+Constant+and+Variable+Order+with+Application+to+Geo-Hydrology&rft.pages=2-3&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2018-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fb978-0-12-809670-3.00001-1&rft.isbn=978-0-12-809670-3&rft.aulast=Atangana&rft.aufirst=Abdon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB9780128096703000011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AAkuifer" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akuifer&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akuifer&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earth-policy.org/images/uploads/book_files/outch06.pdf">Falling Water Tables</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ppl.nl/index.php?option=com_wrapper&view=wrapper&Itemid=82">Bibliography on Water Resources and International Law</a> Peace Palace Library</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.igrac.net">IGRAC International Groundwater Resources Assessment Centre</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waterlog.info/sahysmod.htm">SahysMod aquifer model</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18342415">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Geographylogo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ikon rintisan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Geographylogo.png/30px-Geographylogo.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/59/Geographylogo.png 1.5x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">Artikel bertopik geografi ini adalah sebuah <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Rintisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Rintisan">rintisan</a>. 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