CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="ro" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Acvifer - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )rowikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","ianuarie","februarie","martie","aprilie","mai","iunie","iulie","august","septembrie","octombrie","noiembrie","decembrie"],"wgRequestId":"51c9de71-db59-4dd6-b64d-e91042256c81","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Acvifer","wgTitle":"Acvifer","wgCurRevisionId":15306962,"wgRevisionId":15306962,"wgArticleId":948735,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Pagini cu note pe 2 coloane","Articole despre adjective","Geologie","Hidrologie"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"ro","wgPageContentLanguage":"ro","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Acvifer","wgRelevantArticleId":948735,"wgTempUserName":null,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive": true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"ro","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"ro"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q208791","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.2"};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready", "user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022" ,"ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ro&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=ro&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ro&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Aquifer_ro.svg/1200px-Aquifer_ro.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1188"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Aquifer_ro.svg/800px-Aquifer_ro.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="792"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Aquifer_ro.svg/640px-Aquifer_ro.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="633"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Acvifer - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//ro.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acvifer"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Modificare" href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (ro)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//ro.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acvifer"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ro"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Abonare Atom" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Schimb%C4%83ri_recente&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Acvifer rootpage-Acvifer skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Sari la conținut</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Meniul principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Meniul principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Meniul principal</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pagina_principal%C4%83" title="Vedeți pagina principală [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Pagina principală</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Schimb%C4%83ri_recente" title="Lista ultimelor schimbări realizate în acest wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Schimbări recente</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cafenea" title="Informații despre evenimentele curente"><span>Cafenea</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Aleatoriu" title="Afișează o pagină aleatoare [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Articol aleatoriu</span></a></li><li id="n-Facebook" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/WikipediaRomana" rel="nofollow"><span>Facebook</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Participare" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Participare" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Participare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Cum-încep-pe-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Bun_venit"><span>Cum încep pe Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Cuprins" title="Locul în care găsiți ajutor"><span>Ajutor</span></a></li><li id="n-Portals" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:R%C4%83sfoire"><span>Portaluri tematice</span></a></li><li id="n-Articole-cerute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articole_cerute"><span>Articole cerute</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Pagina_principal%C4%83" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="enciclopedia liberă" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ro.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:C%C4%83utare" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Căutare în Wikipedia [c]" accesskey="c"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Căutare</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Căutare în Wikipedia" aria-label="Căutare în Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Căutare în Wikipedia [c]" accesskey="c" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Căutare"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Căutare</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Unelte personale"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aspect" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspect</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ro.wikipedia.org&uselang=ro" class=""><span>Donații</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%C3%8Enregistrare&returnto=Acvifer" title="Vă încurajăm să vă creați un cont și să vă autentificați; totuși, nu este obligatoriu" class=""><span>Creare cont</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Autentificare&returnto=Acvifer" title="Sunteți încurajat să vă autentificați, deși acest lucru nu este obligatoriu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Autentificare</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte personale" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte personale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Meniul de utilizator" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ro.wikipedia.org&uselang=ro"><span>Donații</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%C3%8Enregistrare&returnto=Acvifer" title="Vă încurajăm să vă creați un cont și să vă autentificați; totuși, nu este obligatoriu"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Creare cont</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Autentificare&returnto=Acvifer" title="Sunteți încurajat să vă autentificați, deși acest lucru nu este obligatoriu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Autentificare</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eascunde\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"anonnotice\" lang=\"ro\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"plainlinks\" style=\"border: 1px solid #ddd; margin: 0 0 3px;\"\u003E\n\u003Cdiv class=\"nomobile\" style=\"float:right\"\u003E\n\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Concurs_de_scriere\" title=\"Wikipedia:Concurs de scriere\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Concurs_de_scriere.png/126px-Concurs_de_scriere.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"126\" height=\"95\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Concurs_de_scriere.png/189px-Concurs_de_scriere.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Concurs_de_scriere.png/251px-Concurs_de_scriere.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"506\" data-file-height=\"383\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"color: grey; max-width:1280px; margin: 12px auto; font-family: Tahoma, \u0026#39;DejaVu Sans Condensed\u0026#39;, sans-serif; text-align: center; font-size: 12pt; position: relative;\"\u003EA început o nouă ediție a concursului de scriere! Sunteți cu drag invitați să participați la ediția cu numărul 22, cu articole scrise sau dezvoltate considerabil între 1 aprilie și 30 noiembrie 2024. Pentru înscriere de articole la concurs (nominalizări), condiții de eligibilitate, punctare și alte detalii, vă rugăm să accesați \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Concurs_de_scriere\" title=\"Wikipedia:Concurs de scriere\"\u003Epagina\u0026#160;concursului\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003Cdiv style=\"clear: both;\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\n\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Cuprins" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Strat_acvifer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strat_acvifer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Strat acvifer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strat_acvifer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roci_constituente" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roci_constituente"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Roci constituente</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roci_constituente-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caracteristici" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caracteristici"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Caracteristici</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Caracteristici-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Caracteristici subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Caracteristici-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Acviferele_libere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acviferele_libere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Acviferele libere</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acviferele_libere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Caracteristici_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caracteristici_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Caracteristici</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caracteristici_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dinamică" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dinamică"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Dinamică</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dinamică-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acviferele_captive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acviferele_captive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Acviferele captive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acviferele_captive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Caracteristicei" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caracteristicei"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Caracteristicei</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caracteristicei-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dinamică_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dinamică_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Dinamică</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dinamică_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acvifere_multistrat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acvifere_multistrat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Acvifere multistrat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acvifere_multistrat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clasificări" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clasificări"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Clasificări</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clasificări-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rolurile_acviferelor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rolurile_acviferelor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Rolurile acviferelor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rolurile_acviferelor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vezi_și" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vezi_și"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Vezi și</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vezi_și-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Acvifer</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 56 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">56 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acuifero" title="Acuifero – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Acuifero" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="طبقة المياه الجوفية – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طبقة المياه الجوفية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%81%D8%B1" title="آکیفر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آکیفر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Водоносен хоризонт – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Водоносен хоризонт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0" title="ভূগর্ভস্থ সিক্ত শিলাস্তর – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভূগর্ভস্থ সিক্ত শিলাস্তর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aq%C3%BC%C3%ADfer" title="Aqüífer – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aqüífer" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%B5%DA%AF%D8%B1" title="ئاوھەڵگر – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئاوھەڵگر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvode%C5%88" title="Zvodeň – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zvodeň" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grundvandsmagasin" title="Grundvandsmagasin – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Grundvandsmagasin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grundwasserleiter" title="Grundwasserleiter – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Grundwasserleiter" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquifer" title="Aquifer – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Aquifer" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grundakvejo" title="Grundakvejo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Grundakvejo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B5hjaveekiht" title="Põhjaveekiht – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Põhjaveekiht" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akuifero" title="Akuifero – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Akuifero" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="آبخوان – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آبخوان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akviferi" title="Akviferi – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Akviferi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquif%C3%A8re" title="Aquifère – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aquifère" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uisc%C3%ADoch" title="Uiscíoch – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Uiscíoch" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acu%C3%ADfero" title="Acuífero – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Acuífero" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%94" title="אקווה – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אקווה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B0" title="जलभर – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जलभर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akwif%C3%A8" title="Akwifè – haitiană" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Akwifè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akuifer" title="Akuifer – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Akuifer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falda_acquifera" title="Falda acquifera – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Falda acquifera" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%AF%E6%B0%B4%E5%B1%A4" title="帯水層 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="帯水層" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AC%E1%83%A7%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="წყლიანი ჰორიზონტი – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="წყლიანი ჰორიზონტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1swom_(a%CC%B1sa%CC%B1khwot)" title="A̱swom (a̱sa̱khwot) – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱swom (a̱sa̱khwot)" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%96_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Жергілікті сулар – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жергілікті сулар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%B0" title="ಜಲಧರ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜಲಧರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EC%88%98%EC%B8%B5" title="대수층 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대수층" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratum_aquiferum" title="Stratum aquiferum – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Stratum aquiferum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aves" title="Aves – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Aves" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vandeningas_sluoksnis" title="Vandeningas sluoksnis – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vandeningas sluoksnis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Уст давхарга – mongolă" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Уст давхарга" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akuifer" title="Akuifer – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Akuifer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquifer" title="Aquifer – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Aquifer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akvifer" title="Akvifer – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Akvifer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81eeyi%CA%BCdi_t%C3%B3h%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD" title="Łeeyiʼdi tóhígíí – navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Łeeyiʼdi tóhígíí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warstwa_wodono%C5%9Bna" title="Warstwa wodonośna – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Warstwa wodonośna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqu%C3%ADfero" title="Aquífero – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Aquífero" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Водоносный горизонт – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Водоносный горизонт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izdan" title="Izdan – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Izdan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B0%E0%B6%BB" title="ජලධර – singhaleză" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජලධර" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquifer" title="Aquifer – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Aquifer" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrologick%C3%BD_kolektor" title="Hydrologický kolektor – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hydrologický kolektor" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodonosnik" title="Vodonosnik – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vodonosnik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Издан – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Издан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquifer" title="Aquifer – sundaneză" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Aquifer" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akvifer" title="Akvifer – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Akvifer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88" title="நிலத்தடி நீர்ப்படுகை – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நிலத்தடி நீர்ப்படுகை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3" title="ชั้นหินอุ้มน้ำ – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชั้นหินอุ้มน้ำ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akifer" title="Akifer – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Akifer" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Водоносний горизонт – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Водоносний горизонт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A2%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B0%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%81" title="زیر زمین آبی ذخیرہ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="زیر زمین آبی ذخیرہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BA%A7ng_ng%E1%BA%ADm_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc" title="Tầng ngậm nước – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tầng ngậm nước" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%AB%E6%B0%B4%E5%B1%82" title="含水层 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="含水层" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q208791#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Acvifer" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie:Acvifer" rel="discussion" title="Discuții despre această pagină [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discuție</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">română</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vizualizări"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Acvifer"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&action=history" title="Versiunile anterioare ale paginii și autorii lor. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Unelte</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acțiuni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Acvifer"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&action=history"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Ce_se_leag%C4%83_aici/Acvifer" title="Lista tuturor paginilor wiki care conduc spre această pagină [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ce trimite aici</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Modific%C4%83ri_corelate/Acvifer" rel="nofollow" title="Schimbări recente în legătură cu această pagină [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Schimbări corelate</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Trimite_fi%C8%99ier" title="Încărcare fișiere [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Trimite fișier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Pagini_speciale" title="Lista tuturor paginilor speciale [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagini speciale</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&oldid=15306962" title="Legătură permanentă către această versiune a acestei pagini"><span>Legătură permanentă</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&action=info" title="Mai multe informații despre această pagină"><span>Informații despre pagină</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citeaz%C4%83&page=Acvifer&id=15306962&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informații cu privire la modul de citare a acestei pagini"><span>Citează acest articol</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAcvifer"><span>Obține URL scurtat</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAcvifer"><span>Descărcați codul QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tipărire/exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Acvifer"><span>Creare carte</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Acvifer&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descărcare ca PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiune de tipărit</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Aquifers" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q208791" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Aquifer_ro.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Aquifer_ro.svg/300px-Aquifer_ro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Aquifer_ro.svg/450px-Aquifer_ro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Aquifer_ro.svg/600px-Aquifer_ro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="672" data-file-height="665" /></a><figcaption><div style="text-align:center">Secțiune printr-un acvifer tipic</div></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Acviferul</b> este o formațiune geologică reprezentată de un strat subteran destul de poros de <a href="/wiki/Roc%C4%83" title="Rocă">roci</a> încât să poată stoca <a href="/wiki/Ap%C4%83" title="Apă">apă</a> și suficient de permeabil încât apa să poată circula liber prin el. </p><p>Denumirea derivă din cuvintele din limba latină <i>aqua</i> = apă, <i>ferre</i> = a purta, a duce, <i>phreatos</i> = puț.<sup id="cite_ref-optsase_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-optsase-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Strat_acvifer">Strat acvifer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Strat acvifer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Strat acvifer"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Straturile permeabile saturate sau acvifere, permit acumularea <a href="/wiki/Ap%C4%83" title="Apă">apelor</a> gravifice care apoi se pot deplasa în virtutea legilor <a href="/wiki/Hidrodinamic%C4%83" title="Hidrodinamică">hidro-dinamice</a>. </p><p>Prin strat acvifer înțelegem primul orizont saturat cu <a href="/wiki/Ap%C4%83" title="Apă">apă</a> întâlnit sub <a href="/wiki/Suprafa%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Suprafață">suprafața</a> <a href="/wiki/Teren" class="mw-disambig" title="Teren">terenului</a>, cu variația nivelului influențată de condițiile <a href="/wiki/Clim%C4%83" title="Climă">climatice</a>. Sunt în general, alcătuite din depozite permeabile care au la bază un strat impermeabil, dar nu și deasupra lor, fiind prin circulație descendentă, în legătură directă cu aportul de <a href="/wiki/Ap%C4%83" title="Apă">apă</a> <a href="/wiki/Infiltra%C8%9Bie" title="Infiltrație">infiltrată</a>. </p><p>Nivelul freatic al acestor strate urmărește cu un grad de atenuare nivelul <a href="/wiki/Suprafa%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Suprafață">suprafeței</a> topografice, putând fi ridicat sau coborât în mod natural sau prin diferite lucrări efectuate de <a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">om</a>. De exemplu creșterea nivelului apelor dintr-un <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A2u" title="Râu">râu</a> <a href="/wiki/Canal" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Canal">canal</a> sau <a href="/wiki/Lac" title="Lac">lac</a> de acumulare va modifica pozitiv și nivelul apelor freatice din zona limitrofă. Din contră, în zonele de <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A2mpie" title="Câmpie">câmpie</a> cu nivelul apelor freatice foarte aproape de <a href="/wiki/Suprafa%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Suprafață">suprafața</a> topografică, prin tăierea <a href="/wiki/Canal" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Canal">canalelor</a> de drenaj nivelurile apelor freatice pot fi coborâte </p><p>Aceste orizonturi constituie <a href="/wiki/Resurse_de_ap%C4%83" title="Resurse de apă">resurse</a> de <a href="/wiki/Ape_subterane" title="Ape subterane">ape subterane</a> care se pot folosi pentru alimentarea cu <a href="/wiki/Ap%C4%83" title="Apă">apă</a> a <a href="/wiki/Popula%C8%9Bie" title="Populație">populației</a> sau pentru diferite folosințe socio-economice. Pot fi ușor interceptate prin <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A2nt%C3%A2n%C4%83" title="Fântână">fântânile</a> săpate în mod <a href="/wiki/Tradi%C8%9Bie" title="Tradiție">tradițional</a>. </p><p>La un strat acvifer se întâlnesc trei părți componente: </p> <ul><li>Zona de alimentare, care recepționează <a href="/wiki/Precipita%C8%9Bii" class="mw-redirect" title="Precipitații">precipitațiile</a> și este situată la cotele cele mai ridicate;</li> <li>Zona de acumulare, cu extindere mare în subteran și cu o circulație redusă a apei prin strat;</li> <li>Zona de descărcare, situată la cote inferioare ale stratului și care este marcată de regulă, de apariția <a href="/wiki/Izvor" title="Izvor">izvoarelor</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Roci_constituente">Roci constituente</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Roci constituente" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Roci constituente"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Formațiunile permeabile numite și roci acvifere, au pori <a href="/wiki/Capilaritate" title="Capilaritate">supracapilari</a> și capacitatea de înmagazina <a href="/wiki/Ap%C4%83" title="Apă">apa</a> dar și de a o ceda prin <a href="/wiki/Hidrodinamic%C4%83" title="Hidrodinamică">curgere</a>, cum sunt straturile de <a href="/wiki/Pietri%C8%99" title="Pietriș">pietrișuriși</a> <a href="/wiki/Nisip" title="Nisip">nisipuri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gresie" class="mw-disambig" title="Gresie">gresii</a> și <a href="/wiki/Conglomerat" title="Conglomerat">conglomerate</a> slab <a href="/wiki/Ciment" title="Ciment">cimentate</a>, bolovănișuri și <a href="/wiki/Grohoti%C8%99" title="Grohotiș">grohotișuri</a>. Există și roci cu fisuri largi de genul celor solubile, cum sunt <a href="/wiki/Calcar" title="Calcar">calcarul</a> și <a href="/wiki/Gips" class="mw-redirect" title="Gips">gipsul</a><sup id="cite_ref-pdoiunu_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pdoiunu-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Formațiuni impermeabile sunt mai ales <a href="/wiki/Argil%C4%83" title="Argilă">argilele</a>. Deși înmagazinează și ele cantități importante se apă, nu pot alimenta puțurile deoarece separă acviferele. Ele nu sunt perfect etanșe și rar alcătuiesc ecrane complet izolatoare în acvifere. Viteza de scurgere a apei în cadrul unei asemenea formațiuni este foarte lentă (câțiva milimetri/an sau cm/secol)<sup id="cite_ref-psase_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-psase-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rocile semipermeabile (cu permeabilitate redusă) captează apa, ele fiind traversate de aceasta - fenomenul purtând denumirea de drenanță<sup id="cite_ref-psase_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-psase-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Caracteristici">Caracteristici</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Caracteristici" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Caracteristici"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stratele acvifere pot fi ecranate numai la partea inferioară de un strat impermeabil (acvifer liber), sau pot fi cuprinse între două strate impermeabile (acvifer captiv), putând fi capabile să înmagazineze cantități importante de <a href="/wiki/Ap%C4%83" title="Apă">apă</a> precum și să permită mișcarea acestora prin ele. </p><p>Acviferele pot fi mărginite de un strat semi-impermeabil numit acvitard sau de un strat impermeabil denumit acvifug. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acviferele_libere">Acviferele libere</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Acviferele libere" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Acviferele libere"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Caracteristici_2">Caracteristici</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Caracteristici" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Caracteristici"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sunt uneori denumite și acvifere freatice sau pânze freatice<sup id="cite_ref-optsase_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-optsase-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> datorită faptului că limita lor superioară este tocmai suprafața freatică. </p><p>În cele mai multe cazuri acviferul aflat la adâncimea cea mai mică este cel liber, neavând un acvitard sau un acvifug între el și suprafață. </p><p>În decursul anului suprafața liberă a pânzei freatice oscilează între valori maximale (aprilie-mai) și valori minimale (octombrie-noiembrie<sup id="cite_ref-optsapte_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-optsapte-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dinamică"><span id="Dinamic.C4.83"></span>Dinamică</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Dinamică" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Dinamică"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Acviferele libere se reîncarcă de obicei direct de la suprafață, din apa de <a href="/wiki/Precipita%C8%9Bii" class="mw-redirect" title="Precipitații">precipitație</a> sau din alte mase de apă ( <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A2u" title="Râu">râuri</a> sau <a href="/wiki/Lac" title="Lac">lacuri</a>) conectate hidraulic cu stratul acvifer. Circulația apei este spre zonele de izvorâre aflate la <a href="/wiki/Cot%C4%83_(topografie)" title="Cotă (topografie)">cote topografice</a> minime<sup id="cite_ref-optsase_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-optsase-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>În zonele aride alimentarea pânzei pe calea precipitațiilor este redusă, astfel că suprafața liberă a pânzei freatice este coborâtă, alimentarea acesteia făcându-se din apele de suprafață<sup id="cite_ref-optsapte_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-optsapte-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>În zonele <a href="/wiki/Aluviune" title="Aluviune">aluvionare</a> de <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A2mpie" title="Câmpie">câmpie</a>, datorită faptului că materialul depus de cursul de apă este foarte permeabil (nisip, pietriș), legătura dintre apele de suprafață și apele subterane este puternică, astfel că pe anumite porțiuni apa subterană alimentează pânza freatică - numită și pânză subfluvială. Suprafața liberă a pânzei este apropiată de cea a <a href="/wiki/Sol" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Sol">solului</a> și adesea deasupra nivelului <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A2u" title="Râu">râului</a><sup id="cite_ref-optsapte_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-optsapte-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-optopt_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-optopt-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acviferele_captive">Acviferele captive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Acviferele captive" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Acviferele captive"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Caracteristicei">Caracteristicei</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Caracteristicei" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Caracteristicei"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Au limita superioară sub nivelul suprafeței freatice locale și, se regăsesc în majoritatea cazurilor sub acviferele libere, fiind despărțite de acestea de un strat impermeabil sau semi-impermeabil numit acoperiș, având la bază un alt strat impermeabil numit culcuș<sup id="cite_ref-optnoua_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-optnoua-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dinamică_2"><span id="Dinamic.C4.83_2"></span>Dinamică</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifică secțiunea: Dinamică" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Dinamică"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alimentarea lor nu corespunde cu <a href="/wiki/Teritoriu" class="mw-disambig" title="Teritoriu">arealul</a> pe care-l ocupă stratul ca în cazul celor freatice. Aceste acvifere se mai numesc și straturi de adâncime. </p><p>Acviferul captiv fără presiune, se formează în cazul în care nu toată grosimea stratului permeabil a fost pe deplin saturată cu apă<sup id="cite_ref-pdoidoi_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pdoidoi-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Acviferul sub presiune (sau confinat) se formează în cazul în care întregul strat permeabil este saturat cu apă. Este cazul stratelor care prezintă un oarecare grad de înclinare, în care în procesul de echilibrare a apelor se exercită o presiune asupra plafonului impermeabil<sup id="cite_ref-pdoidoi_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pdoidoi-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Intr-un puț care străbate un acvifer sub presiune, nivelul apei se ridică deasupra stratului impermeabil superior<sup id="cite_ref-optnoua_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-optnoua-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Un acvifer artezian este un acvifer sub presiune pentru care la foraj, nivelul apei este deasupra suprafeței solului. Atât timp cât acviferele pot comunica între ele pe anumite porțiuni prin intermediul straturilor semimpermeabile care le despart, pot exista acvifere sub presiune alimentate prin drenaj dintr-un strat cu presiune mai mare<sup id="cite_ref-optnoua_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-optnoua-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acvifere_multistrat">Acvifere multistrat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifică secțiunea: Acvifere multistrat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Acvifere multistrat"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Există și pânze freatice care sub stratul impermeabil de la bază au un alt strat permeabil în care se formează o altă pânză freatică, cu care pot exista legături verticale prin care se face drenanță<sup id="cite_ref-optopt_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-optopt-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Două sau mai multe astfel de acvifere separate de strate semipermeabile, formează un acvifer multistrat<sup id="cite_ref-psase_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-psase-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clasificări"><span id="Clasific.C4.83ri"></span>Clasificări</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifică secțiunea: Clasificări" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Clasificări"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>După terenurile în care se află, stratele acvifere se pot clasifica în: </p> <ul><li>Strate acvifere în depozite <a href="/wiki/Aluviuni" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluviuni">aluvionare</a> - întâlnite în lungul <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A2u" title="Râu">râurilor</a> în <a href="/wiki/Canal_(dezambiguizare)" class="mw-disambig" title="Canal (dezambiguizare)">albiile</a> majore ale acestora</li> <li>Strate acvifere situate la baza teraselor</li> <li>Strate acvifere cantonate la baza conurilor de dejecție sau a depozitelor deluviale</li> <li>Strate acvifere freatice în zonele <a href="/wiki/Interfluviu" title="Interfluviu">interfluviale</a> fie în zona de <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A2mpie" title="Câmpie">câmpie</a>, fie la <a href="/wiki/Deal" title="Deal">deal</a> sau la <a href="/wiki/Munte" title="Munte">munte</a>.</li> <li>Acviferele din <a href="/wiki/Roc%C4%83" title="Rocă">roci</a> compacte cu fisuri mici</li> <li>Acviferele din <a href="/wiki/Roc%C4%83" title="Rocă">roci</a> cu fisuri largi se întâlnesc, de regulă, în rocile solubile, cum sunt <a href="/wiki/Calcar" title="Calcar">calcarele</a> și <a href="/wiki/Gips" class="mw-redirect" title="Gips">gipsurile</a>.</li></ul> <p>Din punct de vedere al condițiilor de margine și alimentare al acviferelor, se pot defini urmatoarele tipuri<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>acvifere infinite, la care zona de alimentare se află la mare distanța de puțul de extracție</li> <li>acvifere semiinfinite, la care una dintre zonele de alimentare se află la mare distanță, iar în apropiere de puțul de extracție se află o limită impermeabilă sau o altă zonă de alimentare</li> <li>acvifere tip bandă, la care zonele de alimentare sau limitele impermeabile se află la mică distanță de puțul de extracție și sunt în general paralele</li> <li>acvifere unghiulare, la care limitele de mai sus mai sus formează un unghi oarecare</li> <li>acvifere închise pe contur, la care limita de alimentare sau limita impermeabilă sunt reprezentate de un contur închis și bine determinat.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rolurile_acviferelor">Rolurile acviferelor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifică secțiunea: Rolurile acviferelor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Rolurile acviferelor"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sursă de apă<sup id="cite_ref-nouatrei_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nouatrei-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În general sunt surse reânoibile prin alimetare pluvială sau din apele de suprafață (care la rândul lor pot fi alimentate de acvifere). Există însă acvifere de adâncime, în care apa provine din înmagazinarea în trecutul îndepărtat în alte condiții hidrogeologice. Acestea reprezintă surse nereînnoibile. </p><p>Rezervor de înmagazinare<sup id="cite_ref-nouatrei_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nouatrei-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: Prin încărcare artificială (pentru perioade variabile). </p><p>Mediu conductor<sup id="cite_ref-nouatrei_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nouatrei-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: Apa poate fi injectată într-o zonă de încărcare cu nivel ridicat și captată printr-un puțu de pompare aflat la unu nivel topografic mai scăzut. </p><p>Filtru<sup id="cite_ref-nouatrei_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nouatrei-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: Prin încărcare artificială, un acvifer poate <a href="/wiki/Filtrare_(dezambiguizare)" class="mw-redirect" title="Filtrare (dezambiguizare)">filtra</a> și purifica apa injectată încărcată cu impurități. Astfel filtrarea va consta din reținerea suspensiilor, reacții chimice - <a href="/wiki/Adsorb%C8%9Bie" title="Adsorbție">adsorbție</a> și schimburi ionice la suprafața materiei solide, în special în solurile argiloase, amestecul apei poluate injectate cu apa din acvifer. </p><p>Controlul curgerii de bază<sup id="cite_ref-nouatrei_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nouatrei-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: se poate realiza în izvoare și râuri, prin controlul nivelului apei în acviferele care le alimentează. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ape_subterane" title="Ape subterane">Ape subterane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calitatea_apei" title="Calitatea apei">Calitatea apei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurse_de_ap%C4%83" title="Resurse de apă">Resurse de apă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospod%C4%83rirea_apelor" title="Gospodărirea apelor">Gospodărirea apelor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidrologie" title="Hidrologie">Hidrologie</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografie">Bibliografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bibliografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.speotimis.ro/dictionar-speologic/acvifer.html">Dicționar speologie</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/58453606/16/Stratele-acvifere">Hidrologie, Autor: Ion Zăvoianu, Ediția a IV-a București, Ed. Fundației România de Mâine, 2006, ISBN (10) 973-725-716-2 (13) 978-973-725-716-1</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-optsase-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-optsase_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-optsase_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-optsase_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hydrop.pub.ro/marinovc1.htm">p. 86 Cap. 51, Curs de Hidrodinamica apelor subterane, Marinov Anca Marina, Catedra de hidraulică, Mașini hidrauluice și Ingineria mediului, Universitatea Politehnică București</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120506224131/http://www.hydrop.pub.ro/marinovc1.htm">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2012-05-06">6 mai 2012</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. accesat 2012.07.20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pdoiunu-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pdoiunu_2-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mindrescu.net/ro/predare/Hcurs.htm">p. 21, Curs Hidrologie - Capitolul VI - Hidrogeologie, Marcel Mîndrescu, Universitatea “Ștefan cel Mare” Suceava</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120308095717/http://www.mindrescu.net/ro/predare/Hcurs.htm">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2012-03-08">8 martie 2012</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. accesat 2012.07.20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-psase-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-psase_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-psase_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-psase_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mindrescu.net/ro/predare/Hcurs.htm">p. 6, Curs Hidrologie - Capitolul VI - Hidrogeologie, Marcel Mîndrescu, Universitatea “Ștefan cel Mare” Suceava</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120308095717/http://www.mindrescu.net/ro/predare/Hcurs.htm">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2012-03-08">8 martie 2012</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. accesat 2012.07.20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-optsapte-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-optsapte_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-optsapte_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-optsapte_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hydrop.pub.ro/marinovc1.htm">p. 87 Cap. 51, Curs de Hidrodinamica apelor subterane, Marinov Anca Marina, Catedra de hidraulică, Mașini hidrauluice și Ingineria mediului, Universitatea Politehnică București</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120506224131/http://www.hydrop.pub.ro/marinovc1.htm">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2012-05-06">6 mai 2012</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. accesat 2012.07.20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-optopt-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-optopt_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-optopt_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hydrop.pub.ro/marinovc1.htm">p. 88 Cap. 51, Curs de Hidrodinamica apelor subterane, Marinov Anca Marina, Catedra de hidraulică, Mașini hidrauluice și Ingineria mediului, Universitatea Politehnică București</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120506224131/http://www.hydrop.pub.ro/marinovc1.htm">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2012-05-06">6 mai 2012</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. accesat 2012.07.20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-optnoua-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-optnoua_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-optnoua_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-optnoua_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hydrop.pub.ro/marinovc1.htm">p. 89 Cap. 51, Curs de Hidrodinamica apelor subterane, Marinov Anca Marina, Catedra de hidraulică, Mașini hidrauluice și Ingineria mediului, Universitatea Politehnică București</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120506224131/http://www.hydrop.pub.ro/marinovc1.htm">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2012-05-06">6 mai 2012</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. accesat 2012.07.20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pdoidoi-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pdoidoi_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pdoidoi_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mindrescu.net/ro/predare/Hcurs.htm">p. 22, Curs Hidrologie - Capitolul VI - Hidrogeologie, Marcel Mîndrescu, Universitatea “Ștefan cel Mare” Suceava</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120308095717/http://www.mindrescu.net/ro/predare/Hcurs.htm">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2012-03-08">8 martie 2012</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. accesat 2012.07.20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hydrop.pub.ro/marinovc1.htm">p. 90 Cap. 51, Curs de Hidrodinamica apelor subterane, Marinov Anca Marina, Catedra de hidraulică, Mașini hidrauluice și Ingineria mediului, Universitatea Politehnică București</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120506224131/http://www.hydrop.pub.ro/marinovc1.htm">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2012-05-06">6 mai 2012</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. accesat 2012.07.20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nouatrei-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nouatrei_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nouatrei_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nouatrei_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nouatrei_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nouatrei_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hydrop.pub.ro/marinovc1.htm">p. 93 Cap. 51, Curs de Hidrodinamica apelor subterane, Marinov Anca Marina, Catedra de hidraulică, Mașini hidrauluice și Ingineria mediului, Universitatea Politehnică București</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120506224131/http://www.hydrop.pub.ro/marinovc1.htm">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2012-05-06">6 mai 2012</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. accesat 2012.07.20</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="plainlinks">„<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dexonline.ro/definitie/Acvifer">Acvifer</a>” la <a href="/wiki/DEX_online" title="DEX online">DEX online</a></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Adus de la <a dir="ltr" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&oldid=15306962">https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&oldid=15306962</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categorii" title="Special:Categorii">Categorii</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Geologie" title="Categorie:Geologie">Geologie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Hidrologie" title="Categorie:Hidrologie">Hidrologie</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorii ascunse: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Categorie:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Pagini_cu_note_pe_2_coloane" title="Categorie:Pagini cu note pe 2 coloane">Pagini cu note pe 2 coloane</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_despre_adjective" title="Categorie:Articole despre adjective">Articole despre adjective</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ultima editare a paginii a fost efectuată la 23 noiembrie 2022, ora 01:51.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Acest text este disponibil sub licența <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ro">Creative Commons cu atribuire și distribuire în condiții identice</a>; pot exista și clauze suplimentare. Vedeți detalii la <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Termenii de utilizare</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Politica de confidențialitate</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Despre">Despre Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Termeni">Termeni</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Cod de conduită</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Dezvoltatori</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/ro.wikipedia.org">Statistici</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Declarație cookie</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//ro.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acvifer&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Versiune mobilă</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7fc47fc68d-7cnpf","wgBackendResponseTime":178,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.074","walltime":"0.178","ppvisitednodes":{"value":471,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":4639,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":25,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":8,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":10389,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 41.448 1 -total"," 93.08% 38.580 1 Format:Listănote"," 70.30% 29.139 9 Format:Webarchive"," 6.73% 2.790 1 Format:Dexonline"," 2.93% 1.215 1 Format:Column-count"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.013","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":1042095,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-77c8488b9d-w6cwx","timestamp":"20241125092841","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Acvifer","url":"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Acvifer","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q208791","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q208791","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2012-02-04T06:28:12Z","dateModified":"2022-11-22T23:51:24Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/c1\/Aquifer_ro.svg"}</script> </body> </html>