CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Teacher - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"d7422415-2afd-4c9b-a749-a93ba6424569","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Teacher","wgTitle":"Teacher","wgCurRevisionId":1258990446,"wgRevisionId":1258990446,"wgArticleId":205075,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages","Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages","Use dmy dates from October 2021","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from January 2008","All articles that may contain original research","Articles that may contain original research from September 2017","Commons category link is on Wikidata", "Teaching","Education and training occupations","Positions of authority"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Teacher","wgRelevantArticleId":205075,"wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["autoconfirmed"],"wgRestrictionMove":["sysop"],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Educator","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":70000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Teacher","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish": true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q37226","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges": "ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Classroom_at_a_seconday_school_in_Pendembu_Sierra_Leone.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="784"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Classroom_at_a_seconday_school_in_Pendembu_Sierra_Leone.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="523"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="418"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Teacher - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teacher"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teacher"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Teacher rootpage-Teacher skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Teacher" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Teacher" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Teacher" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Teacher" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Duties_and_functions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Duties_and_functions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Duties and functions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Duties_and_functions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Competences_and_qualities_required_by_teachers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Competences_and_qualities_required_by_teachers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Competences and qualities required by teachers</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Competences_and_qualities_required_by_teachers-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Competences and qualities required by teachers subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Competences_and_qualities_required_by_teachers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Competences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Competences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Competences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Competences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Qualities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qualities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Qualities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qualities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Enthusiasm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enthusiasm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Enthusiasm</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enthusiasm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interaction_with_learners" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interaction_with_learners"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Interaction with learners</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interaction_with_learners-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teaching_qualifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teaching_qualifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Teaching qualifications</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Teaching_qualifications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Teaching qualifications subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Teaching_qualifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Professional_standards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Professional_standards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Professional standards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Professional_standards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Professional_misconduct" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Professional_misconduct"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Professional misconduct</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Professional_misconduct-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pedagogy_and_teaching" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pedagogy_and_teaching"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Pedagogy and teaching</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pedagogy_and_teaching-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Pedagogy and teaching subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pedagogy_and_teaching-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Classroom_management" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classroom_management"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Classroom management</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classroom_management-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Teachers_and_school_discipline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teachers_and_school_discipline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Teachers and school discipline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teachers_and_school_discipline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Obligation_to_honor_students_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obligation_to_honor_students_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Obligation to honor students rights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Obligation_to_honor_students_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Occupational_hazards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Occupational_hazards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Occupational hazards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Occupational_hazards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teaching_around_the_world" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teaching_around_the_world"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Teaching around the world</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Teaching_around_the_world-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Teaching around the world subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Teaching_around_the_world-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>Philippines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.8</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-England" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#England"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.8.1</span> <span>England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-England-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scotland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scotland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.8.2</span> <span>Scotland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scotland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.8.3</span> <span>Wales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.9</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Assistant_teachers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Assistant_teachers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Assistant teachers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Assistant_teachers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Teacher</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 131 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-131" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">131 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onderwyser" title="Onderwyser – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Onderwyser" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="مدرس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مدرس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%95" title="শিক্ষক – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="শিক্ষক" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profesor" title="Profesor – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Profesor" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%95" title="शिक्षक – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="शिक्षक" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbo%27eh%C3%A1ra" title="Mbo'ehára – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mbo'ehára" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yachachijg_Yatichiri" title="Yachachijg Yatichiri – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Yachachijg Yatichiri" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BC%C9%99llim" title="Müəllim – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Müəllim" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A4%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%86" title="اؤگرتمن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اؤگرتمن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%95" title="শিক্ষক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শিক্ষক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A0u-o%C3%A2n" title="Kàu-oân – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kàu-oân" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D2%A1%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Уҡытыусы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Уҡытыусы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Настаўнік – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Настаўнік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Настаўнік – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Настаўнік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paratukdo" title="Paratukdo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Paratukdo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Учител – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Учител" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="དགེ་རྒན། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="དགེ་རྒན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mestre_d%27escola" title="Mestre d'escola – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mestre d'escola" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%C4%95%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%C3%A7%C4%95" title="Вĕрентевçĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вĕрентевçĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%C4%8Ditel" title="Učitel – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Učitel" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudzidzisi" title="Mudzidzisi – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mudzidzisi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athro" title="Athro – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Athro" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karimba" title="Karimba – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Karimba" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underviser" title="Underviser – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Underviser" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oahpaheaddji" title="Oahpaheaddji – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Oahpaheaddji" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehrer" title="Lehrer – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lehrer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%95petaja" title="Õpetaja – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Õpetaja" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Διδασκαλία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διδασκαλία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profesor" title="Profesor – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Profesor" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruisto" title="Instruisto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Instruisto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irakasle" title="Irakasle – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Irakasle" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="آموزگار – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آموزگار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enseignant" title="Enseignant – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Enseignant" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwizer" title="Underwizer – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Underwizer" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAinteoir" title="Múinteoir – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Múinteoir" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neach-teagaisg" title="Neach-teagaisg – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Neach-teagaisg" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Docente" title="Docente – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Docente" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B7%E0%AA%95" title="શિક્ષક – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="શિક્ષક" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kau-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%82" title="Kau-sṳ̂ – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kau-sṳ̂" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%90%EC%82%AC" title="교사 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="교사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malami" title="Malami – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Malami" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B9" title="Ուսուցիչ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ուսուցիչ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%95" title="शिक्षक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शिक्षक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%C4%8Ditelj" title="Učitelj – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Učitelj" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru" title="Guru – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Guru" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inseniante" title="Inseniante – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Inseniante" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kennari" title="Kennari – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kennari" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Docente" title="Docente – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Docente" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94" title="מורה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מורה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru" title="Guru – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Guru" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%95" title="ಶಿಕ್ಷಕ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಶಿಕ್ಷಕ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%AC%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="მასწავლებელი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მასწავლებელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%84%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="وۄستاد – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="وۄستاد" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D2%B1%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC" title="Мұғалім – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мұғалім" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwalimu" title="Mwalimu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mwalimu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pwofes%C3%A8" title="Pwofesè – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Pwofesè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamoste" title="Mamoste – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Mamoste" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor" title="Doctor – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Doctor" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skolot%C4%81js" title="Skolotājs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Skolotājs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokytojas" title="Mokytojas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mokytojas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru" title="Guru – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Guru" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molakisi" title="Molakisi – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Molakisi" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/preske" title="preske – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="preske" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%95" title="शिक्षक – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="शिक्षक" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Наставник – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Наставник" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BB" title="അധ്യാപകൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അധ്യാപകൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%A7alliem" title="Għalliem – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Għalliem" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%95" title="शिक्षक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="शिक्षक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AC%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="მარწაფალი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მარწაფალი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru" title="Guru – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Guru" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%ADng-s%C4%83ng" title="Sĭng-săng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sĭng-săng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%88" title="Багш – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Багш" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC" title="ဆရာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆရာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leraar_(basisonderwijs)" title="Leraar (basisonderwijs) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Leraar (basisonderwijs)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%95" title="शिक्षक – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="शिक्षक" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%93%A1" title="教員 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="教員" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE" title="Хьехархо – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Хьехархо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A6rer" title="Lærer – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lærer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A6rar" title="Lærar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lærar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BE" title="Туныктышо – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Туныктышо" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%CA%BBqituvchi" title="Oʻqituvchi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oʻqituvchi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%95" title="ਅਧਿਆਪਕ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਧਿਆਪਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="استاد – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="استاد" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%9A%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="ښوونکی – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ښوونکی" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%93" title="គ្រូបង្រៀន – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="គ្រូបង្រៀន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauczyciel" title="Nauczyciel – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nauczyciel" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professor" title="Professor – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Professor" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Env%C4%83%C8%9B%C4%83tor" title="Învățător – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Învățător" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yachachiq" title="Yachachiq – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Yachachiq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Педагог – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Педагог" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Учитель – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Учитель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%83" title="अध्यापकः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="अध्यापकः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teacher" title="Teacher – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Teacher" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ABsuesi" title="Mësuesi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mësuesi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maistru" title="Maistru – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Maistru" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F" title="ගුරුවරයා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ගුරුවරයා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teacher" title="Teacher – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Teacher" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thishela" title="Thishela – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Thishela" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%C4%8Dite%C4%BE" title="Učiteľ – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Učiteľ" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%C4%8Ditelj" title="Učitelj – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Učitelj" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bare" title="Bare – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Bare" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="مامۆستا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مامۆستا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%99" title="Учитељ – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Учитељ" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%C4%8Ditelj" title="Učitelj – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Učitelj" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru" title="Guru – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Guru" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opettaja" title="Opettaja – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Opettaja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4rare" title="Lärare – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lärare" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guro" title="Guro – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Guro" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆசிரியர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆசிரியர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%83%D1%87%D1%8B" title="Укытучы – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Укытучы" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%89%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A7%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81" title="ఉపాధ్యాయుడు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఉపాధ్యాయుడు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9" title="ครู – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ครู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BC%D3%AF%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Омӯзгор – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Омӯзгор" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96%C4%9Fretmen" title="Öğretmen – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Öğretmen" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Учитель – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Учитель" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="استاد – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="استاد" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%82%DB%87%D8%AA%D9%82%DB%87%DA%86%D9%89" title="ئوقۇتقۇچى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئوقۇتقۇچى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauxsae" title="Lauxsae – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Lauxsae" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profesore" title="Profesore – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Profesore" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%C3%A1o_vi%C3%AAn" title="Giáo viên – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giáo viên" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professeur" title="Professeur – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Professeur" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%B8%AB" title="教師 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="教師" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magturutdo" title="Magturutdo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Magturutdo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%B8%88" title="教师 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="教师" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thicara" title="Thicara – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Thicara" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%93" title="מלמד – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מלמד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%88%E7%94%9F" title="先生 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="先生" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%C4%B1m" title="Malım – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Malım" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%99%E5%B8%88" title="教师 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="教师" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongingia%27" title="Mongingia' – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Mongingia'" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mos mw-list-item"><a href="https://mos.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karemsaamba" title="Karemsaamba – Mossi" lang="mos" hreflang="mos" data-title="Karemsaamba" data-language-autonym="Moore" data-language-local-name="Mossi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Moore</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q37226#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Teacher" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Teacher" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Teacher"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teacher&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teacher&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Teacher"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teacher&action=edit"><span>View source</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teacher&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Teacher" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Teacher" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teacher&oldid=1258990446" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teacher&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Teacher&id=1258990446&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTeacher"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTeacher"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Teacher&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teacher&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Educators" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Teachers" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiquote</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q37226" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Educator&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Educator">Educator</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Person who helps others learn</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Educators" redirects here. For the TV series, see <a href="/wiki/Educators_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Educators (TV series)"><i>Educators</i> (TV series)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Teacher_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Teacher (disambiguation)">Teacher (disambiguation)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teachers_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Teachers (disambiguation)">Teachers (disambiguation)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Headmaster_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Headmaster (disambiguation)">Headmaster (disambiguation)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">Professor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tutor" class="mw-redirect" title="Tutor">Tutor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Paraprofessional_educator" title="Paraprofessional educator">Paraprofessional educator</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Teacher</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Classroom_at_a_seconday_school_in_Pendembu_Sierra_Leone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Classroom_at_a_seconday_school_in_Pendembu_Sierra_Leone.jpg/250px-Classroom_at_a_seconday_school_in_Pendembu_Sierra_Leone.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Classroom_at_a_seconday_school_in_Pendembu_Sierra_Leone.jpg/375px-Classroom_at_a_seconday_school_in_Pendembu_Sierra_Leone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Classroom_at_a_seconday_school_in_Pendembu_Sierra_Leone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="294" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A teacher in a classroom at a secondary school in <a href="/wiki/Pendembu" class="mw-redirect" title="Pendembu">Pendembu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Occupation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Names</th><td class="infobox-data">Teacher, educator, schoolteacher</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Occupation type</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Profession" title="Profession">Profession</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Activity sectors</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">Education</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Description</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Competencies</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pedagogy" title="Pedagogy">Pedagogy</a>, subject knowledge; competence in teaching the subject, in curriculum, in learner assessment; psychology; planning; leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-competence_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-competence-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Education required</div></th><td class="infobox-data">(varies by country) <a href="/wiki/Certified_teacher" title="Certified teacher">Teaching certification</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Fields of<br />employment</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/School" title="School">Schools</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Related jobs</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">Professor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Academic" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic">academic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lecturer" title="Lecturer">lecturer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tutor" class="mw-redirect" title="Tutor">tutor</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brack_Vocabularius_rerum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Brack_Vocabularius_rerum.jpg/170px-Brack_Vocabularius_rerum.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Brack_Vocabularius_rerum.jpg/255px-Brack_Vocabularius_rerum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Brack_Vocabularius_rerum.jpg/340px-Brack_Vocabularius_rerum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1112" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>A teacher of a Latin school and two students, 1487</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>teacher</b>, also called a <b>schoolteacher</b> or formally an <b>educator</b>, is a person who helps <a href="/wiki/Student" title="Student">students</a> to acquire <a href="/wiki/Knowledge" title="Knowledge">knowledge</a>, competence, or <a href="/wiki/Virtue" title="Virtue">virtue</a>, via the practice of <a href="/wiki/Teaching" title="Teaching">teaching</a>. </p><p><i>Informally</i> the role of teacher may be taken on by anyone (e.g. when showing a colleague how to perform a specific task). In some countries, teaching young people of school age may be carried out in an informal setting, such as within the family (<a href="/wiki/Homeschooling" title="Homeschooling">homeschooling</a>), rather than in a formal setting such as a school or college. Some other professions may involve a significant amount of teaching (e.g. youth worker, pastor). </p><p>In most countries, <i>formal</i> teaching of students is usually carried out by paid professional teachers. This article focuses on those who are <i>employed</i>, as their main role, to teach others in a <i>formal</i> <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">education</a> context, such as at a school or other place of <i>initial</i> formal education or training. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Duties_and_functions">Duties and functions</h2></div> <p>A teacher's role may vary among cultures. </p><p>Teachers may provide instruction in <a href="/wiki/Literacy_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Literacy education">literacy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Numeracy" title="Numeracy">numeracy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Artisan" title="Artisan">craftsmanship</a> or <a href="/wiki/Vocational_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocational training">vocational training</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_arts" title="The arts">the arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civics" title="Civics">civics</a>, community roles, or life skills. </p><p>Formal teaching tasks include preparing lessons according to agreed curricula, giving lessons, and assessing pupil progress. </p><p>A teacher's professional duties may extend beyond formal teaching. Outside of the classroom teachers may accompany students on field trips, supervise <a href="/wiki/Study_hall" title="Study hall">study halls</a>, help with the organization of school functions, and serve as supervisors for <a href="/wiki/Extracurricular_activities" class="mw-redirect" title="Extracurricular activities">extracurricular activities</a>. They also have the legal duty to protect students from harm,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as that which may result from bullying,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sexual harassment, racism or abuse.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some education systems, teachers may be responsible for student <a href="/wiki/Discipline" title="Discipline">discipline</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Competences_and_qualities_required_by_teachers">Competences and qualities required by teachers</h2></div> <p>Teaching is a highly complex activity.<sup id="cite_ref-Caena_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caena-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is partially because teaching is a social practice, that takes place in a specific context (time, place, culture, socioeconomic situation etc.) and therefore is shaped by the values of that specific context.<sup id="cite_ref-Cochrane_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cochrane-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Factors that influence what is expected (or required) of teachers include history and tradition, social views about the purpose of education, accepted theories about learning, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-Cummings_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cummings-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Competences">Competences</h3></div> <p>The competences required by a teacher are affected by the different ways in which the role is understood around the world. Broadly, there seem to be four models: </p> <dl><dd>the teacher as manager of instruction;</dd> <dd>the teacher as caring person;</dd> <dd>the teacher as expert learner; and</dd> <dd>the teacher as cultural and civic person.<sup id="cite_ref-Caena2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caena2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_Economic_Co-operation_and_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development">Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development</a> has argued that it is necessary to develop a shared definition of the skills and knowledge required by teachers, in order to guide teachers' career-long education and professional development.<sup id="cite_ref-OECD_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OECD-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some evidence-based international discussions have tried to reach such a common understanding. For example, the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> has identified three broad areas of competences that teachers require: </p> <dl><dd>Working with others</dd> <dd>Working with knowledge, technology, and information, and</dd> <dd>Working in and with society.<sup id="cite_ref-Caena3_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caena3-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Scholarly consensus is emerging that what is required of teachers can be grouped under three headings: </p> <dl><dd>knowledge (such as: the subject matter itself and knowledge about how to teach it, curricular knowledge, knowledge about the educational sciences, psychology, assessment etc.)</dd> <dd>craft skills (such as lesson planning, using teaching technologies, managing students and groups, monitoring and assessing learning etc.) and</dd> <dd>dispositions (such as essential values and attitudes, beliefs and commitment).<sup id="cite_ref-Will_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Will-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Qualities">Qualities</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Enthusiasm">Enthusiasm</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ashs-teacher-and-students.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Ashs-teacher-and-students.jpg/220px-Ashs-teacher-and-students.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Ashs-teacher-and-students.jpg/330px-Ashs-teacher-and-students.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Ashs-teacher-and-students.jpg/440px-Ashs-teacher-and-students.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="410" /></a><figcaption>A teacher interacts with older students at a school in New Zealand.</figcaption></figure> <p>It has been found that teachers who showed enthusiasm towards the course materials and students can create a positive learning experience.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These teachers do not teach by rote but attempt to invigorate their teaching of the course materials every day.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Teachers who cover the same curriculum repeatedly may find it challenging to maintain their enthusiasm, lest their boredom with the content bore their students in turn. Enthusiastic teachers are rated higher by their students than teachers who did not show much enthusiasm for the course materials.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mr._Shake_Amargosa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Mr._Shake_Amargosa.jpg/220px-Mr._Shake_Amargosa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Mr._Shake_Amargosa.jpg/330px-Mr._Shake_Amargosa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Mr._Shake_Amargosa.jpg/440px-Mr._Shake_Amargosa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>A primary school teacher on a picnic with her students, <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, 2014</figcaption></figure> <p>Teachers that exhibit enthusiasm are more likely to have engaged, interested and energetic students who are curious about learning the subject matter. Recent research has found a correlation between teacher enthusiasm and students' intrinsic motivation to learn and vitality in the classroom.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Controlled, experimental studies exploring intrinsic motivation of college students has shown that nonverbal expressions of enthusiasm, such as demonstrative gesturing, dramatic movements which are varied, and emotional facial expressions, result in college students reporting higher levels of intrinsic motivation to learn.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But even while a teacher's enthusiasm has been shown to improve motivation and increase task engagement, it does not necessarily improve learning outcomes or memory for the material.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are various mechanisms by which teacher enthusiasm may facilitate higher levels of intrinsic motivation.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Teacher enthusiasm may contribute to a classroom atmosphere of energy and enthusiasm which feeds student interest and excitement in learning the subject matter.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Enthusiastic teachers may also lead to students becoming more self-determined in their own learning process. The concept of mere exposure indicates that the teacher's enthusiasm may contribute to the student's expectations about intrinsic motivation in the context of learning. Also, enthusiasm may act as a "motivational embellishment", increasing a student's interest by the variety, novelty, and surprise of the enthusiastic teacher's presentation of the material. Finally, the concept of emotional contagion may also apply: students may become more intrinsically motivated by catching onto the enthusiasm and energy of the teacher.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Interaction_with_learners">Interaction with learners</h4></div> <p>Research shows that student motivation and attitudes towards school are closely linked to student-teacher relationships. Enthusiastic teachers are particularly good at creating beneficial relations with their students. Their ability to create effective learning environments that foster student achievement depends on the kind of relationship they build with their students.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bryant,_Jennings_1980_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bryant,_Jennings_1980-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hartmut,_J._1978_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hartmut,_J._1978-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Useful teacher-to-student interactions are crucial in linking academic success with personal achievement.<sup id="cite_ref-Osborne,_E._1999_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Osborne,_E._1999-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Here, personal success is a student's internal goal of improving themselves, whereas academic success includes the goals they receive from their superior. A teacher must guide their student in aligning their personal goals with their academic goals. Students who receive this positive influence show stronger self-confidence and greater personal and academic success than those without these teacher interactions.<sup id="cite_ref-Hartmut,_J._1978_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hartmut,_J._1978-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Students are likely to build stronger relations with teachers who are friendly and supportive and will show more interest in courses taught by these teachers.<sup id="cite_ref-Osborne,_E._1999_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Osborne,_E._1999-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Teachers that spend more time interacting and working directly with students are perceived as supportive and effective teachers. Effective teachers have been shown to invite student participation and decision making, allow humor into their classroom, and demonstrate a willingness to play.<sup id="cite_ref-Bryant,_Jennings_1980_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bryant,_Jennings_1980-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teaching_qualifications">Teaching qualifications</h2></div> <p>In many countries, a person who wishes to become a teacher must first obtain <a href="/wiki/Certified_teacher" title="Certified teacher">specified professional qualifications or credentials</a> from a <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">university</a> or <a href="/wiki/College" title="College">college</a>. These professional qualifications may include the study of <a href="/wiki/Pedagogy" title="Pedagogy">pedagogy</a>, the science of teaching. Teachers, like other professionals, may have to, or choose to, continue their education after they qualify, a process known as <a href="/wiki/Continuing_professional_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Continuing professional development">continuing professional development</a>. </p><p>The issue of teacher qualifications is linked to the status of the profession. In some societies, teachers enjoy a status on a par with <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physicians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lawyer" title="Lawyer">lawyers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Engineer" title="Engineer">engineers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Accountants" class="mw-redirect" title="Accountants">accountants</a>, in others, the status of the profession is low. In the twentieth century, many intelligent women were unable to get jobs in corporations or governments so many chose teaching as a default profession. As women become more welcomed into corporations and governments today, it may be more difficult to attract qualified teachers in the future. </p><p>Teachers are often required to undergo a course of initial education at a <a href="/wiki/College_of_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="College of Education">College of Education</a> to ensure that they possess the necessary knowledge, competences and adhere to relevant <a href="/wiki/Ethical_code" title="Ethical code">codes of ethics</a>. </p><p>There are a variety of bodies designed to instill, preserve and update the knowledge and professional standing of teachers. Around the world many teachers' colleges exist; they may be controlled by government or by the teaching profession itself. </p><p>They are generally established to serve and protect the public interest through <a href="/wiki/Certify" class="mw-redirect" title="Certify">certifying</a>, governing, quality controlling, and enforcing standards of practice for the teaching profession. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Professional_standards">Professional standards</h3></div> <p>The functions of the teachers' colleges may include setting out clear standards of practice, providing for the ongoing education of teachers, investigating complaints involving members, conducting hearings into <a href="/wiki/Allegation" title="Allegation">allegations</a> of professional misconduct and taking appropriate disciplinary action and <a href="/wiki/Accredit" class="mw-redirect" title="Accredit">accrediting</a> teacher education programs. In many situations teachers in <a href="/wiki/Public_school_(government_funded)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public school (government funded)">publicly funded schools</a> must be members in good standing with the college, and <a href="/wiki/Private_school" title="Private school">private schools</a> may also require their teachers to be college members. In other areas these roles may belong to the State <a href="/wiki/Board_of_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="Board of Education">Board of Education</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Superintendent_of_Public_Instruction" class="mw-redirect" title="Superintendent of Public Instruction">Superintendent of Public Instruction</a>, the <a href="/wiki/State_Education_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="State Education Agency">State Education Agency</a> or other governmental bodies. In still other areas <a href="/wiki/Teaching_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Teaching Union">Teaching Unions</a> may be responsible for some or all of these duties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Professional_misconduct">Professional misconduct</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Child_abuse" title="Child abuse">Child abuse</a></div> <p>Misconduct by teachers, especially <a href="/wiki/Sexual_misconduct" title="Sexual misconduct">sexual misconduct</a>, has been getting increased scrutiny from the media and the courts.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A study by the <a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_University_Women" title="American Association of University Women">American Association of University Women</a> reported that 9.6% of students in the United States claim to have received unwanted sexual attention from an adult associated with education; be they a volunteer, bus driver, teacher, administrator or other adult; sometime during their educational career.<sup id="cite_ref-DOEd_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOEd-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A study in England showed a 0.3% prevalence of sexual abuse by any professional, a group that included <a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">priests</a>, religious leaders, and case workers as well as teachers.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is important to note, however, that this British study is the only one of its kind and consisted of "a random ... probability sample of 2,869 young people between the ages of 18 and 24 in a computer-assisted study" and that the questions referred to "sexual abuse with a professional," not necessarily a teacher. It is therefore logical to conclude that information on the percentage of abuses by teachers in the United Kingdom is not explicitly available and therefore not necessarily reliable. The AAUW study, however, posed questions about fourteen types of sexual harassment and various degrees of frequency and included only abuses by teachers. "The sample was drawn from a list of 80,000 schools to create a stratified two-stage sample design of 2,065 8th to 11th grade students". Its reliability was gauged at 95% with a 4% margin of error. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> especially, several high-profile cases such as <a href="/wiki/Debra_LaFave" class="mw-redirect" title="Debra LaFave">Debra LaFave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pamela_Rogers_Turner" class="mw-redirect" title="Pamela Rogers Turner">Pamela Rogers Turner</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mary_Kay_Letourneau" title="Mary Kay Letourneau">Mary Kay Letourneau</a> have caused increased scrutiny on teacher misconduct. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Chris_Keates" title="Chris Keates">Chris Keates</a>, the general secretary of <a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Schoolmasters_Union_of_Women_Teachers" class="mw-redirect" title="National Association of Schoolmasters Union of Women Teachers">National Association of Schoolmasters Union of Women Teachers</a>, said that teachers who have sex with pupils over the age of consent should not be placed on the sex offenders register and that prosecution for statutory rape "is a real anomaly in the law that we are concerned about." This has led to outrage from child protection and parental rights groups.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fears of being labelled a <a href="/wiki/Pedophile" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedophile">pedophile</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hebephile" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebephile">hebephile</a> has led to several men who enjoy teaching avoiding the profession.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This has in some jurisdictions reportedly led to a shortage of male teachers.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pedagogy_and_teaching">Pedagogy and teaching</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pedagogy" title="Pedagogy">Pedagogy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adriaen_van_Ostade_007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Adriaen_van_Ostade_007.jpg/220px-Adriaen_van_Ostade_007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Adriaen_van_Ostade_007.jpg/330px-Adriaen_van_Ostade_007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Adriaen_van_Ostade_007.jpg/440px-Adriaen_van_Ostade_007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1576" data-file-height="1883" /></a><figcaption>Dutch schoolmaster and children, 1662</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Teacher_in_Laos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Teacher_in_Laos.jpg/220px-Teacher_in_Laos.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Teacher_in_Laos.jpg/330px-Teacher_in_Laos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Teacher_in_Laos.jpg/440px-Teacher_in_Laos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>A primary school teacher in northern <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rostock_Schmidt_Lehrer-Student.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Rostock_Schmidt_Lehrer-Student.jpg/170px-Rostock_Schmidt_Lehrer-Student.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Rostock_Schmidt_Lehrer-Student.jpg/255px-Rostock_Schmidt_Lehrer-Student.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Rostock_Schmidt_Lehrer-Student.jpg/340px-Rostock_Schmidt_Lehrer-Student.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1322" data-file-height="1763" /></a><figcaption>The teacher-student-monument in <a href="/wiki/Rostock" title="Rostock">Rostock</a>, Germany, honors teachers.</figcaption></figure> <p>Teachers facilitate student learning, often in a school or academy or perhaps in another environment such as <a href="/wiki/Outdoor_education" title="Outdoor education">outdoors</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-13055-0008,_Hohendorf,_JP_mit_Dorflehrer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-13055-0008%2C_Hohendorf%2C_JP_mit_Dorflehrer.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-13055-0008%2C_Hohendorf%2C_JP_mit_Dorflehrer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-13055-0008%2C_Hohendorf%2C_JP_mit_Dorflehrer.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-13055-0008%2C_Hohendorf%2C_JP_mit_Dorflehrer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-13055-0008%2C_Hohendorf%2C_JP_mit_Dorflehrer.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-13055-0008%2C_Hohendorf%2C_JP_mit_Dorflehrer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="578" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">GDR</a> "village teacher", a teacher teaching students of all age groups in one class in 1951</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jewish_Children_with_their_Teacher_in_Samarkand_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Jewish_Children_with_their_Teacher_in_Samarkand_cropped.jpg/220px-Jewish_Children_with_their_Teacher_in_Samarkand_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Jewish_Children_with_their_Teacher_in_Samarkand_cropped.jpg/330px-Jewish_Children_with_their_Teacher_in_Samarkand_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Jewish_Children_with_their_Teacher_in_Samarkand_cropped.jpg/440px-Jewish_Children_with_their_Teacher_in_Samarkand_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1914" data-file-height="1809" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Jew">Jewish</a> children with their teacher in <a href="/wiki/Samarkand" title="Samarkand">Samarkand</a>, the beginning of the 20th century</figcaption></figure> <p>The objective is typically accomplished through either an <a href="/wiki/Informal_learning" title="Informal learning">informal</a> or formal approach to learning, including a course of study and <a href="/wiki/Lesson_plan" title="Lesson plan">lesson plan</a> that teaches <a href="/wiki/Skill" title="Skill">skills</a>, <a href="/wiki/Knowledge" title="Knowledge">knowledge</a> or <a href="/wiki/Thinking" class="mw-redirect" title="Thinking">thinking</a> skills. Different ways to teach are often referred to as <a href="/wiki/Pedagogy" title="Pedagogy">pedagogy</a>. When deciding what teaching method to use teachers consider students' background knowledge, environment, and their learning goals as well as standardized <a href="/wiki/Curricula" class="mw-redirect" title="Curricula">curricula</a> as determined by the relevant authority. Many times, teachers assist in learning outside of the classroom by accompanying students on field trips. The increasing use of <a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">technology</a>, specifically the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">internet</a> over the past decade, has begun to shape the way teachers approach their roles in the <a href="/wiki/Classroom" title="Classroom">classroom</a>. </p><p>The objective is typically a course of study, <a href="/wiki/Lesson_plan" title="Lesson plan">lesson plan</a>, or a practical skill. A teacher may follow standardized <a href="/wiki/Curriculum" title="Curriculum">curricula</a> as determined by the relevant authority. The teacher may interact with students of different ages, from infants to adults, students with different abilities and students with learning <a href="/wiki/Disabilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Disabilities">disabilities</a>. </p><p>Teaching using pedagogy also involve assessing the educational levels of the students on particular skills. Understanding the pedagogy of the students in a classroom involves using <a href="/wiki/Differentiated_instruction" title="Differentiated instruction">differentiated instruction</a> as well as supervision to meet the needs of all students in the classroom. Pedagogy can be thought of in two manners. First, teaching itself can be taught in many different ways, hence, using a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedagogy_of_teaching_styles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pedagogy of teaching styles (page does not exist)">pedagogy of teaching styles</a>. Second, the pedagogy of the learners comes into play when a teacher assesses the pedagogic diversity of their students and differentiates for the individual students accordingly. For example, an experienced teacher and parent described the place of a teacher in learning as follows: "The real bulk of learning takes place in self-study and problem solving with a lot of feedback around that loop. The function of the teacher is to pressure the lazy, inspire the bored, deflate the cocky, encourage the timid, detect and correct individual flaws, and broaden the viewpoint of all. This function looks like that of a coach using the whole gamut of psychology to get each new class of rookies off the bench and into the game."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Perhaps the most significant difference between <a href="/wiki/Primary_school" title="Primary school">primary school</a> and <a href="/wiki/Secondary_school" title="Secondary school">secondary school</a> teaching is the relationship between teachers and children. In primary schools each class has a teacher who stays with them for most of the week and will teach them the whole curriculum. In secondary schools they will be taught by different subject specialists each session during the week and may have ten or more different teachers. The relationship between children and their teachers tends to be closer in the primary school where they act as form tutor, specialist teacher and surrogate parent during the course of the day. </p><p>This is true throughout most of the United States as well. However, alternative approaches for primary education do exist. One of these, sometimes referred to as a "platoon" system, involves placing a group of students together in one class that moves from one specialist to another for every subject. The advantage here is that students learn from teachers who specialize in one subject and who tend to be more knowledgeable in that one area than a teacher who teaches many subjects. Students still derive a strong sense of security by staying with the same group of peers for all classes. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Co-teaching" title="Co-teaching">Co-teaching</a> has also become a new trend amongst educational institutions. Co-teaching is defined as two or more teachers working harmoniously to fulfill the needs of every student in the classroom. Co-teaching focuses the student on learning by providing a <a href="/wiki/Social_networking" class="mw-redirect" title="Social networking">social networking</a> support that allows them to reach their full cognitive potential. Co-teachers work in sync with one another to create a climate of learning. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classroom_management">Classroom management</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Teachers_and_school_discipline">Teachers and school discipline</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/School_discipline" title="School discipline">School discipline</a>, <a href="/wiki/School_punishment" class="mw-redirect" title="School punishment">School punishment</a>, and <a href="/wiki/School_corporal_punishment" title="School corporal punishment">School corporal punishment</a></div><p> Throughout the <a href="/wiki/History_of_education" title="History of education">history of education</a> the most common form of <a href="/wiki/School_discipline" title="School discipline">school discipline</a> was <a href="/wiki/School_corporal_punishment" title="School corporal punishment">corporal punishment</a>. While a child was in school, a teacher was expected to act as a <a href="/wiki/In_loco_parentis" title="In loco parentis">substitute parent</a>, with all the normal forms of parental discipline open to them. </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Koerperstrafe-_MA_Birkenrute.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Koerperstrafe-_MA_Birkenrute.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="170" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="120" data-file-height="170" /></a><figcaption>Medieval schoolboy birched on the bare buttocks</figcaption></figure> <p>In past times, corporal punishment (<a href="/wiki/Spanking" title="Spanking">spanking</a> or <a href="/wiki/Paddle_(spanking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paddle (spanking)">paddling</a> or <a href="/wiki/Caning" title="Caning">caning</a> or <a href="/wiki/Strapping_(punishment)" title="Strapping (punishment)">strapping</a> or <a href="/wiki/Birching" title="Birching">birching</a> the student in order to cause physical pain) was one of the most common forms of school discipline throughout much of the world. Most Western countries, and some others, have now banned it, but it remains lawful in the United States following a US Supreme Court decision in 1977 which held that paddling did not violate the US Constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>30 US states have banned corporal punishment, the others (mostly in <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">the South</a>) have not. It is still used to a significant (though declining) degree in some public schools in <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>. Private schools in these and most other states may also use it. Corporal punishment in American schools is administered to the seat of the student's trousers or skirt with a specially made wooden paddle. This often used to take place in the classroom or hallway, but nowadays the punishment is usually given privately in the principal's office. </p><p>Official corporal punishment, often by caning, remains commonplace in schools in some Asian, African and Caribbean countries. </p><p>Currently detention is one of the most common punishments in schools in the United States, the UK, Ireland, Singapore and other countries. It requires the pupil to remain in school at a given time in the school day (such as lunch, recess or after school); or even to attend school on a non-school day, e.g. "Saturday detention" held at some schools. During detention, students normally have to sit in a classroom and do work, write lines or a punishment essay, or sit quietly. </p><p>A modern example of school discipline in North America and Western Europe relies upon the idea of an assertive teacher who is prepared to impose their will upon a class. Positive reinforcement is balanced with immediate and fair punishment for misbehavior and firm, clear boundaries define what is appropriate and inappropriate behavior.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Teachers are expected to respect their students; sarcasm and attempts to humiliate pupils are seen as falling outside of what constitutes reasonable discipline.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Whilst this is the consensus viewpoint amongst the majority of academics, some teachers and parents advocate a more assertive and confrontational style of discipline<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (refer to <i>Canter Model of Discipline</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such individuals claim that many problems with modern schooling stem from the weakness in school discipline and if teachers exercised firm control over the classroom they would be able to teach more efficiently. This viewpoint is supported by the educational attainment of countries—in East Asia for instance—that combine strict discipline with high standards of education.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It's not clear, however that this stereotypical view reflects the reality of East Asian classrooms or that the educational goals in these countries are commensurable with those in Western countries. In <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, for example, although average attainment on standardized tests may exceed those in Western countries, classroom discipline and behavior is highly problematic. Although, officially, schools have extremely rigid codes of behavior, in practice many teachers find the students unmanageable and do not enforce discipline at all. </p><p>Where school class sizes are typically 40 to 50 students, maintaining order in the classroom can divert the teacher from instruction, leaving little opportunity for concentration and focus on what is being taught. In response, teachers may concentrate their attention on motivated students, ignoring <a href="/wiki/Attention-seeking" class="mw-redirect" title="Attention-seeking">attention-seeking</a> and disruptive students. The result of this is that motivated students, facing demanding university entrance examinations, receive disproportionate resources. Given the emphasis on attainment of university places, administrators and governors may regard this policy as appropriate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Obligation_to_honor_students_rights">Obligation to honor students rights</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/School_discipline#Discipline_in_Sudbury-model_democratic_schools" title="School discipline">Discipline in Sudbury-model democratic schools</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sudbury_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudbury model">Sudbury-model</a> democratic schools claim that popularly based authority can maintain order more effectively than dictatorial authority for governments and schools alike. They also claim that in these schools the preservation of public order is easier and more efficient than anywhere else. Primarily because rules and regulations are made by the community as a whole, thence the school atmosphere is one of persuasion and negotiation, rather than confrontation since there is no one to confront. Sudbury model democratic schools' proponents argue that a school that has good, clear laws, fairly and democratically passed by the entire school community, and a good judicial system for enforcing these laws, is a school in which community discipline prevails, and in which an increasingly sophisticated concept of law and order develops, against other schools today, where rules are arbitrary, authority is absolute, punishment is capricious, and <a href="/wiki/Due_process_of_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Due process of law">due process of law</a> is unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Occupational_hazards">Occupational hazards</h2></div> <p>Teachers face several <a href="/wiki/Occupational_hazard" title="Occupational hazard">occupational hazards</a> in their line of work, including <a href="/wiki/Occupational_stress" title="Occupational stress">occupational stress</a>, which can negatively impact teachers' mental and physical health, productivity, and students' performance. Stress can be caused by organizational change, relationships with students, fellow teachers, and administrative personnel, working environment, expectations to substitute, long hours with a heavy workload, and inspections. Teachers are also at high risk for <a href="/wiki/Occupational_burnout" title="Occupational burnout">occupational burnout</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2000 study found that 42% of UK teachers experienced occupational stress, twice the figure for the average profession. A 2012 study found that teachers experienced double the rate of anxiety, depression, and stress than average workers.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are several ways to mitigate the occupational hazards of teaching. Organizational interventions, like changing teachers' schedules, providing support networks and mentoring, changing the work environment, and offering promotions and bonuses, may be effective in helping to reduce occupational stress among teachers. Individual-level interventions, including stress-management training and counseling, are also used to relieve occupational stress among teachers.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Apart from this, teachers are often not given sufficient opportunities for professional growth or promotions. This leads to some stagnancy, as there is not sufficient interests to enter the profession. An organisation in India called <a href="/w/index.php?title=Centre_for_Teacher_Accreditation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centre for Teacher Accreditation (page does not exist)">Centre for Teacher Accreditation (CENTA)</a> is working to reduce this hazard, by trying to open opportunities for teachers in India. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teaching_around_the_world">Teaching around the world<span class="anchor" id="By_country"></span></h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ASC_Leiden_-_Coutinho_Collection_-_6_24_-_School_for_adults_in_Guinea-Bissau_-_1974.tiff" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/ASC_Leiden_-_Coutinho_Collection_-_6_24_-_School_for_adults_in_Guinea-Bissau_-_1974.tiff/lossy-page1-220px-ASC_Leiden_-_Coutinho_Collection_-_6_24_-_School_for_adults_in_Guinea-Bissau_-_1974.tiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/ASC_Leiden_-_Coutinho_Collection_-_6_24_-_School_for_adults_in_Guinea-Bissau_-_1974.tiff/lossy-page1-330px-ASC_Leiden_-_Coutinho_Collection_-_6_24_-_School_for_adults_in_Guinea-Bissau_-_1974.tiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/ASC_Leiden_-_Coutinho_Collection_-_6_24_-_School_for_adults_in_Guinea-Bissau_-_1974.tiff/lossy-page1-440px-ASC_Leiden_-_Coutinho_Collection_-_6_24_-_School_for_adults_in_Guinea-Bissau_-_1974.tiff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4755" data-file-height="3204" /></a><figcaption>Teacher and pupils in liberated <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a>, 1974</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Agnar_O.P._Strandberg_1964.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Agnar_O.P._Strandberg_1964.jpg/150px-Agnar_O.P._Strandberg_1964.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Agnar_O.P._Strandberg_1964.jpg/225px-Agnar_O.P._Strandberg_1964.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Agnar_O.P._Strandberg_1964.jpg/300px-Agnar_O.P._Strandberg_1964.jpg 2x" data-file-width="899" data-file-height="1176" /></a><figcaption>Math and physics teacher at a junior college in <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, in the 1960s</figcaption></figure> <p>There are many similarities and differences among teachers around the world. In almost all countries teachers are educated in a university or college. Governments may require <a href="/wiki/Certified_teacher" title="Certified teacher">certification</a> by a recognized body before they can teach in a school. In many countries, elementary school education certificate is earned after completion of high school. The high school student follows an education specialty track, obtain the prerequisite "student-teaching" time, and receive a special diploma to begin teaching after graduation. In addition to certification, many educational institutions especially within the US, require that prospective teachers pass a background check and psychiatric evaluation to be able to teach in classroom. This is not always the case with adult further learning institutions but is fast becoming the norm in many countries as security<sup id="cite_ref-Osborne,_E._1999_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Osborne,_E._1999-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> concerns grow. </p><p><a href="/wiki/International_school" title="International school">International schools</a> generally follow an English-speaking, Western curriculum and are aimed at expatriate communities.<sup id="cite_ref-intschools_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-intschools-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Australia" title="Education in Australia">Education in Australia</a></div> <p>Education in Australia is primarily the responsibility of the individual <a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia">states and territories</a>. Generally, education in Australia follows the three-tier model which includes <a href="/wiki/Primary_education" title="Primary education">primary education</a> (primary schools), followed by <a href="/wiki/Secondary_education" title="Secondary education">secondary education</a> (secondary schools/high schools) and <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_education" title="Tertiary education">tertiary education</a> (universities or <a href="/wiki/Technical_and_further_education" title="Technical and further education">TAFE</a> colleges). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Canada" title="Education in Canada">Education in Canada</a></div> <p>Teaching in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> requires a post-secondary degree <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_Degree" class="mw-redirect" title="Bachelor's Degree">Bachelor's Degree</a>. In most provinces a second <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_Degree" class="mw-redirect" title="Bachelor's Degree">Bachelor's Degree</a> such as a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Education" title="Bachelor of Education">Bachelor of Education</a> is required to become a qualified teacher. Salary ranges from $40,000/year to $90,000/yr. Teachers have the option to teach for a public school which is funded by the provincial government or teaching in a private school which is funded by the private sector, businesses and sponsors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_France" title="Education in France">Education in France</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, teachers, or <i>professors</i>, are mainly civil servants, recruited by <a href="/wiki/Competitive_examination" class="mw-redirect" title="Competitive examination">competitive examination</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Germany" title="Education in Germany">Education in Germany</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, teachers are mainly civil servants recruited in special university classes, called <i>Lehramtstudien</i> (<i>Teaching Education Studies</i>). There are many differences between the teachers for elementary schools (<i>Grundschule</i>), lower secondary schools (<i>Hauptschule</i>), middle level secondary schools (<i>Realschule</i>) and higher level secondary schools (<i>Gymnasium</i>). Salaries for teachers depend on the civil servants' salary index scale (<i>Bundesbesoldungsordnung</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Gurukula" title="Gurukula">Gurukula</a> and <a href="/wiki/Education_in_India" title="Education in India">Education in India</a></div> <p>In ancient India, the most common form of education was <a href="/wiki/Gurukula" title="Gurukula">gurukula</a> based on the <a href="/wiki/Guru%E2%80%93shishya_tradition" title="Guru–shishya tradition">guru-shishya tradition</a> (teacher-disciple tradition) which involved the disciple and guru living in the same (or a nearby) residence. These <i>gurukulam</i> was supported by public donations and the guru would not accept any fees from the <i>shishya</i>. This organized system stayed the most prominent form of education in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> until the British invasion. Through strong efforts in 1886 and 1948, the gurukula system was revived in India.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The role and success of a teacher in the modern Indian education system is clearly defined. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Centre_for_Teacher_Accreditation_(CENTA)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centre for Teacher Accreditation (CENTA) (page does not exist)">CENTA</a> Standards define the competencies that a good teacher should possess. Schools look for competent teachers across grades. Teachers are appointed directly by schools in private sector, and through eligibility tests in government schools. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ireland">Ireland</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Education in the Republic of Ireland">Education in the Republic of Ireland</a></div> <p>Salaries for primary teachers in <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a> depend mainly on seniority (i.e. holding the position of <a href="/wiki/Principal_(school)" class="mw-redirect" title="Principal (school)">principal</a>, deputy principal or <a href="/wiki/Assistant_principal" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistant principal">assistant principal</a>), experience and qualifications. Extra pay is also given for teaching through the <a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish language</a>, in a <a href="/wiki/Gaeltacht" title="Gaeltacht">Gaeltacht</a> area or on an <a href="/wiki/Islands_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Islands of Ireland">island</a>. The basic pay for a starting teacher is €27,814 <a href="/wiki/Per_annum" title="Per annum">p.a.</a>, rising incrementally to €53,423 for a teacher with 25 years service. A principal of a large school with many years experience and several qualifications (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Arts" title="Master of Arts">M.A.</a>, <a href="/wiki/H.Dip." class="mw-redirect" title="H.Dip.">H.Dip.</a>, etc.) could earn over €90,000.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Teachers are required to be registered with the Teaching Council; under Section 30 of the Teaching Council Act 2001, a person employed in any capacity in a recognised teaching post - who is not registered with the Teaching Council - may not be paid from <a href="/wiki/Oireachtas" title="Oireachtas">Oireachtas</a> funds.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 2006 <a href="/wiki/Garda_S%C3%ADoch%C3%A1na" title="Garda Síochána">Garda</a> vetting has been introduced for new entrants to the teaching profession. These procedures apply to teaching and also to non-teaching posts and those who refuse vetting "cannot be appointed or engaged by the school in any capacity including in a voluntary role". Existing staff will be vetted on a phased basis.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philippines">Philippines</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_Philippines" title="Education in the Philippines">Education in the Philippines</a></div> <p>To become a teacher in the Philippines, one must have a bachelor's degree in education. Other degrees are also allowed as long they are able to get 18 units of professional education subjects (10 units for arts and sciences degrees). A board exam must be taken to become a professional teacher in the Philippines. Upon passing the board exam, the <a href="/wiki/Professional_Regulatory_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional Regulatory Commission">Professional Regulatory Commission</a> will issue a teaching licence.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Education in the United Kingdom">Education in the United Kingdom</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schoolmarm,_a_figurine_by_Royal_Doulton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Schoolmarm%2C_a_figurine_by_Royal_Doulton.jpg/220px-Schoolmarm%2C_a_figurine_by_Royal_Doulton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Schoolmarm%2C_a_figurine_by_Royal_Doulton.jpg/330px-Schoolmarm%2C_a_figurine_by_Royal_Doulton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Schoolmarm%2C_a_figurine_by_Royal_Doulton.jpg/440px-Schoolmarm%2C_a_figurine_by_Royal_Doulton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Schoolmarm, a figurine by <a href="/wiki/Royal_Doulton" title="Royal Doulton">Royal Doulton</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>Education in the United Kingdom is a <a href="/wiki/Devolution" title="Devolution">devolved matter</a> with each of the <a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">countries of the United Kingdom</a> having separate systems. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="England">England</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_England" title="Education in England">Education in England</a></div> <p>Salaries for <a href="/wiki/Nursery_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Nursery school">nursery</a>, primary and secondary school teachers ranged from <a href="/wiki/GBP" class="mw-redirect" title="GBP">£</a>20,133 to £41,004 in September 2007, although some salaries can go much higher depending on experience and extra responsibilities.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Preschool teachers may earn an average salary of £19,543 annually.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Teachers in state schools must have at least a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's degree</a>, complete an approved teacher education program, and be licensed. </p><p>Many counties offer alternative licensing programs to attract people into teaching, especially for hard-to-fill positions. Excellent job opportunities are expected as <a href="/wiki/Retirement" title="Retirement">retirements</a>, especially among secondary school teachers, outweigh slowing enrollment growth; opportunities will vary by geographic area and subject taught.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Scotland">Scotland</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Scotland" title="Education in Scotland">Education in Scotland</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, anyone wishing to teach must be registered with the <a href="/wiki/General_Teaching_Council_for_Scotland" title="General Teaching Council for Scotland">General Teaching Council for Scotland</a> (GTCS). Teaching in Scotland is an all graduate profession and the normal route for graduates wishing to teach is to complete a programme of Initial Teacher Education (ITE) at one of the seven Scottish Universities who offer these courses. Once successfully completed, "Provisional Registration" is given by the GTCS which is raised to "Full Registration" status after a year if there is sufficient evidence to show that the "Standard for Full Registration" has been met.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the salary year beginning April 2008, unpromoted teachers in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> earned from £20,427 for a Probationer, up to £32,583 after 6 years teaching, but could then go on to earn up to £39,942 as they complete the modules to earn Chartered Teacher Status (requiring at least 6 years at up to two modules per year.) Promotion to <a href="/wiki/Principal_Teacher" class="mw-redirect" title="Principal Teacher">Principal Teacher</a> positions attracts a salary of between £34,566 and £44,616; Deputy Head, and <a href="/wiki/Head_teacher" title="Head teacher">Head teachers</a> earn from £40,290 to £78,642.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Teachers in Scotland can be registered members of trade unions with the main ones being the <a href="/wiki/Educational_Institute_of_Scotland" title="Educational Institute of Scotland">Educational Institute of Scotland</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Secondary_Teachers%27_Association" title="Scottish Secondary Teachers' Association">Scottish Secondary Teachers' Association</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wales">Wales</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Wales" title="Education in Wales">Education in Wales</a></div> <p>Education in Wales differs in certain respects from education elsewhere in the United Kingdom. For example, a significant number of students all over Wales are educated either wholly or largely through the medium of Welsh: in 2008/09, 22 per cent of classes in maintained primary schools used Welsh as the sole or main medium of instruction. Welsh medium education is available to all age groups through nurseries, schools, colleges and universities and in adult education; lessons in the language itself are compulsory for all pupils until the age of 16. </p><p>Teachers in <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> can be registered members of <a href="/wiki/Trade_unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade unions">trade unions</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Teachers_and_Lecturers" title="Association of Teachers and Lecturers">ATL</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Teachers" title="National Union of Teachers">NUT</a> or <a href="/wiki/NASUWT" title="NASUWT">NASUWT</a> and a report in 2010 suggested that the average age of teachers in Wales was falling with teachers being younger than in previous years. It was suggested that a proportion of older teachers had faced discrimination and did not have their experience valued.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A growing cause of concern at that time was that attacks on teachers in Welsh schools reached an all-time high between 2005 and 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_States" title="Education in the United States">Education in the United States</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Paraprofessional_educator" title="Paraprofessional educator">Paraprofessional educator</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NOLA_Experience_-_Tulane_University_Students_and_Teacher_with_Cannon,_New_Orleans,_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/NOLA_Experience_-_Tulane_University_Students_and_Teacher_with_Cannon%2C_New_Orleans%2C_2009.jpg/220px-NOLA_Experience_-_Tulane_University_Students_and_Teacher_with_Cannon%2C_New_Orleans%2C_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/NOLA_Experience_-_Tulane_University_Students_and_Teacher_with_Cannon%2C_New_Orleans%2C_2009.jpg/330px-NOLA_Experience_-_Tulane_University_Students_and_Teacher_with_Cannon%2C_New_Orleans%2C_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/NOLA_Experience_-_Tulane_University_Students_and_Teacher_with_Cannon%2C_New_Orleans%2C_2009.jpg/440px-NOLA_Experience_-_Tulane_University_Students_and_Teacher_with_Cannon%2C_New_Orleans%2C_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3988" data-file-height="2776" /></a><figcaption>Students of a U.S. university with their professor on the far right, 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>In the United States, each <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">state</a> determines the requirements for getting a license to teach in public schools. Teaching certification generally lasts three years, but teachers can receive certificates that last as long as ten years.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Public school teachers are required to have a bachelor's degree and the majority must be certified by the state in which they teach. Many <a href="/wiki/Charter_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Charter schools">charter schools</a> do not require that their teachers be certified, provided they meet the standards to be highly qualified as set by <a href="/wiki/No_Child_Left_Behind" class="mw-redirect" title="No Child Left Behind">No Child Left Behind</a>. Additionally, the requirements for substitute/temporary teachers are generally not as rigorous as those for full-time professionals. The <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Labor_Statistics" title="Bureau of Labor Statistics">Bureau of Labor Statistics</a> estimates that there are 1.4 million <a href="/wiki/Elementary_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Elementary school">elementary school</a> teachers,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 674,000 <a href="/wiki/Middle_school" title="Middle school">middle school</a> teachers,<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 1 million <a href="/wiki/Secondary_school" title="Secondary school">secondary school</a> teachers employed in the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the past, teachers have been paid relatively low salaries. However, average teacher salaries have improved rapidly in recent years. US teachers are generally paid on graduated scales, with income depending on experience. Teachers with more experience and higher education earn more than those with a standard bachelor's degree and certificate. Salaries vary greatly depending on state, relative cost of living, and grade taught. Salaries also vary within states where wealthy suburban school districts generally have higher salary schedules than other districts. The median salary for all primary and secondary teachers was <a href="/wiki/USD" class="mw-redirect" title="USD">$</a>46,000 in 2004, with the average entry salary for a teacher with a bachelor's degree being an estimated $32,000. Median salaries for preschool teachers, however, were less than half the national median for secondary teachers, clock in at an estimated $21,000 in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-US_Salaries,_2004_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US_Salaries,_2004-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For high school teachers, median salaries in 2007 ranged from $35,000 in South Dakota to $71,000 in New York, with a national median of $52,000.<sup id="cite_ref-US_Salaries,_2007_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US_Salaries,_2007-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some contracts may include long-term <a href="/wiki/Disability_insurance" title="Disability insurance">disability insurance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Life_insurance" title="Life insurance">life insurance</a>, emergency/<a href="/wiki/Leave_of_absence" title="Leave of absence">personal leave</a> and investment options.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_Teachers" title="American Federation of Teachers">American Federation of Teachers</a>' teacher salary survey for the 2006–07 school year found that the average teacher salary was $51,009.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a salary survey report for K-12 teachers, elementary school teachers had the lowest median salary earning $39,259. High school teachers had the highest median salary earning $41,855.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many teachers take advantage of the opportunity to increase their income by supervising after-school programs and other extracurricular activities. In addition to monetary compensation, public school teachers may also enjoy greater benefits (like health insurance) compared to other occupations. Merit pay systems are on the rise for teachers, paying teachers extra money based on excellent classroom evaluations, high test scores and for high success at their overall school. Also, with the advent of the internet, many teachers are now selling their lesson plans to other teachers through the web in order to earn supplemental income, most notably on TeachersPayTeachers.com.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United Nations <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_4" title="Sustainable Development Goal 4">Sustainable Development Goal 4</a> also aims to substantially increase the supply of qualified teachers through international cooperation by 2030 in an effort to improve the quality of teaching around the world.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a 2024 study, the status of being a teacher in the United States (as measured by occupational prestige, interest among students, the number of individuals preparing for entry, and on-the-job satisfaction) was at its lowest levels since the 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Assistant_teachers">Assistant teachers</h2></div> <p>Assistant teachers are additional teachers assisting the primary teacher, often in the same classroom. There are different types around the world, as well as a variety of formal programs defining roles and responsibilities. </p><p>One type is a <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Language_Assistant" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Language Assistant">Foreign Language Assistant</a>, which in Germany is run by the Educational Exchange Service (<a href="/wiki/P%C3%A4dagogischer_Austauschdienst" title="Pädagogischer Austauschdienst">Pädagogischer Austauschdienst</a>). </p><p>British schools employ <a href="/wiki/Teaching_assistant_(United_Kingdom)" title="Teaching assistant (United Kingdom)">teaching assistants</a>, who are not considered fully qualified teachers, and as such, are guided by teachers but may supervise and teach groups of pupils independently. In the United Kingdom, the term "assistant teacher" used to be used to refer to any qualified or unqualified teacher who was not a head or deputy head teacher.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="The material near this tag possibly contains original research. (September 2017)">original research?</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Japanese education system employs <a href="/wiki/Assistant_Language_Teacher" title="Assistant Language Teacher">Assistant Language Teachers</a> in elementary, junior high and high schools. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Learning_by_teaching" title="Learning by teaching">Learning by teaching</a> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> short form: LdL) is a method which allows pupils and students to prepare and teach lessons or parts of lessons, with the understanding that a student's own learning is enhanced through the teaching process. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedeutology" title="Pedeutology">Pedeutology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AI_teaching_assistant" class="mw-redirect" title="AI teaching assistant">AI teaching assistant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying_in_teaching" title="Bullying in teaching">Bullying in teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Certified_teacher" title="Certified teacher">Certified teacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_education" title="School of education">School of education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_teacher" title="Student teacher">Student teacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substitute_teacher" title="Substitute teacher">Substitute teacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teacher_Support_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Teacher Support Network">Teacher Support Network</a> (in the UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_policy#Teacher_policy" title="Education policy">Education policy#Teacher policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teacher_education" title="Teacher education">Teacher education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Normal_school" title="Normal school">Normal school</a>, for training teachers before 1920</li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-competence-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-competence_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Williamson McDiarmid, G. & Clevenger-Bright M. (2008), 'Rethinking Teacher Capacity', in Cochran-Smith, M., Feiman-Nemser, S. & Mc Intyre, D. (Eds.): Handbook of Research on Teacher Education. Enduring questions in changing contexts. New York/Abingdon: Routledge/Taylor & Francis.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBurgerStrohmeierKollerová2022" class="citation journal cs1">Burger C, Strohmeier D, Kollerová L (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10964-022-01674-6">"Teachers can make a difference in bullying: Effects of teacher interventions on students' adoption of bully, victim, bully-victim or defender roles across time"</a>. <i>Journal of Youth and Adolescence</i>. <b>51</b> (12): 2312–2327. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10964-022-01674-6">10.1007/s10964-022-01674-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0047-2891">0047-2891</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9596519">9596519</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36053439">36053439</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:252009527">252009527</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Youth+and+Adolescence&rft.atitle=Teachers+can+make+a+difference+in+bullying%3A+Effects+of+teacher+interventions+on+students%27+adoption+of+bully%2C+victim%2C+bully-victim+or+defender+roles+across+time&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=2312-2327&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9596519%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A252009527%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10964-022-01674-6&rft.issn=0047-2891&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F36053439&rft.aulast=Burger&rft.aufirst=C&rft.au=Strohmeier%2C+D&rft.au=Kollerov%C3%A1%2C+L&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1007%2Fs10964-022-01674-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurger2022" class="citation journal cs1">Burger C (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9517642">"School bullying is not a conflict: The interplay between conflict management styles, bullying victimization and psychological school adjustment"</a>. <i>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</i>. <b>19</b> (18): 11809. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fijerph191811809">10.3390/ijerph191811809</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1661-7827">1661-7827</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9517642">9517642</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36142079">36142079</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Environmental+Research+and+Public+Health&rft.atitle=School+bullying+is+not+a+conflict%3A+The+interplay+between+conflict+management+styles%2C+bullying+victimization+and+psychological+school+adjustment&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=18&rft.pages=11809&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9517642%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1661-7827&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F36142079&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fijerph191811809&rft.aulast=Burger&rft.aufirst=C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9517642&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBriggsHawkins2020" class="citation book cs1">Briggs F, Hawkins R (2020). <i>Child Protection: A guide for teachers and child care professionals</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781003134701" title="Special:BookSources/9781003134701"><bdi>9781003134701</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Child+Protection%3A+A+guide+for+teachers+and+child+care+professionals&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781003134701&rft.aulast=Briggs&rft.aufirst=F&rft.au=Hawkins%2C+R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Caena-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Caena_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For a review of literature on competences required by teachers, see F Caena (2011) 'Literature review: Teachers' core competences: requirements and development' accessed January 2017 at <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/education_culture/repository/education/policy/strategic-framework/doc/teacher-competences_en.pdf">"Homepage | European Education Area"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170109184019/http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/education_culture/repository/education/policy/strategic-framework/doc/teacher-competences_en.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Homepage+%26%23124%3B+European+Education+Area&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fdgs%2Feducation_culture%2Frepository%2Feducation%2Fpolicy%2Fstrategic-framework%2Fdoc%2Fteacher-competences_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cochrane-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cochrane_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">for a useful discussion see, for example: Cochran-Smith, M. (2006): 'Policy, Practice, and Politics in Teacher Education', Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cummings-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cummings_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">see for example Cummings, W.K. (2003) 'The Institutions of Education. A Comparative Study of Educational Development in the Six Core Nations', Providence, MA: Symposium Books.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Caena2-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Caena2_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">F Caena (2011) 'Literature review: Teachers' core competences: requirements and development' accessed January 2017 at <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/education_culture/repository/education/policy/strategic-framework/doc/teacher-competences_en.pdf">"Homepage | European Education Area"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170109184019/http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/education_culture/repository/education/policy/strategic-framework/doc/teacher-competences_en.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Homepage+%26%23124%3B+European+Education+Area&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fdgs%2Feducation_culture%2Frepository%2Feducation%2Fpolicy%2Fstrategic-framework%2Fdoc%2Fteacher-competences_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span> citing Altet et al., 1996; Conway et al., 2010; Hansen, 2008; Seifert, 1999; Sockett, 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OECD-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OECD_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'Teachers Matter: Attracting, Developing and Retaining Effective Teachers', 2005, Paris: OECD publications <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.oecd.org/edu/teacherpolicy">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220830172223/https://www.oecd.org/education/school/attractingdevelopingandretainingeffectiveteachers-homepage.htm">Archived</a> 30 August 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Caena3-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Caena3_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">F Caena (2011) 'Literature review: Teachers' core competences: requirements and development' accessed January 2017 at <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/education_culture/repository/education/policy/strategic-framework/doc/teacher-competences_en.pdf">"Homepage | European Education Area"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170109184019/http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/education_culture/repository/education/policy/strategic-framework/doc/teacher-competences_en.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Homepage+%26%23124%3B+European+Education+Area&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fdgs%2Feducation_culture%2Frepository%2Feducation%2Fpolicy%2Fstrategic-framework%2Fdoc%2Fteacher-competences_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Will-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Will_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Williamson McDiarmid, G. & Clevenger-Bright M. (2008) 'Rethinking Teacher Capacity', in Cochran-Smith, M., Feiman-Nemser, S. & Mc Intyre, D. (Eds.). 'Handbook of Research on Teacher Education. Enduring questions in changing contexts'. New York/Abingdon: Routledge/Taylor & Francis cited in F Caena (2011)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Teaching Patterns: a Pattern Language for Improving the Quality of Instruction in Higher Education Settings by Daren Olson. Page 96</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Motivated Student: Unlocking the Enthusiasm for Learning by Bob Sullo. Page 62</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barkley, S., & Bianco, T. (2006). The Wonder of Wows. Kappa Delta Pi Record, 42(4), 148-151.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Patrick, B.C., Hisley, J. & Kempler, T. (2000) "What's Everybody so Excited about?": The Effects of Teacher Enthusiasm on Student Intrinsic Motivation and Vitality", The Journal of Experimental Education, Vol. 68, No. 3, pp. 217–236</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooks1985" class="citation journal cs1">Brooks, Douglas M. (1985). "The Teacher's Communicative Competence: The First Day of School". <i>Theory into Practice</i>. <b>24</b> (1): 63. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00405848509543148">10.1080/00405848509543148</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theory+into+Practice&rft.atitle=The+Teacher%27s+Communicative+Competence%3A+The+First+Day+of+School&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=63&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00405848509543148&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=Douglas+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMotzde_LeeuwCarvalhoLiang2017" class="citation journal cs1">Motz, B. A.; de Leeuw, J. R.; Carvalho, P. F.; Liang, K. L.; Goldstone, R. L. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5521834">"A dissociation between engagement and learning: Enthusiastic instructions fail to reliably improve performance on a memory task"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. <b>12</b> (7): e0181775. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PLoSO..1281775M">2017PLoSO..1281775M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0181775">10.1371/journal.pone.0181775</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5521834">5521834</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28732087">28732087</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=A+dissociation+between+engagement+and+learning%3A+Enthusiastic+instructions+fail+to+reliably+improve+performance+on+a+memory+task&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=e0181775&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5521834%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28732087&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0181775&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017PLoSO..1281775M&rft.aulast=Motz&rft.aufirst=B.+A.&rft.au=de+Leeuw%2C+J.+R.&rft.au=Carvalho%2C+P.+F.&rft.au=Liang%2C+K.+L.&rft.au=Goldstone%2C+R.+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5521834&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.in/dr-anil-k-rajvanshi/all-of-us-should-be-teachers-even-if-just-for-one-day/">All Of Us Should Be Teachers, Even If Just For One Day</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161009112708/http://www.huffingtonpost.in/dr-anil-k-rajvanshi/all-of-us-should-be-teachers-even-if-just-for-one-day/">Archived</a> 9 October 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Huffington Post, 27 September 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Amatora, M. (1950). Teacher Personality: Its Influence on Pupils. Education, 71(3), 154-158</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baker, J. A., Terry, T., Bridger, R., & Winsor, A. (1997). Schools as caring communities: A relational approach to school reform. School Psychology Review, 26, 576-588.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bryant,_Jennings_1980-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bryant,_Jennings_1980_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bryant,_Jennings_1980_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bryant, Jennings . 1980. Relationship between college teachers' use of humor in the classroom and students' evaluations of their teachers. Journal of educational psychology. 72, 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fraser, B. J., & Fisher, D. L. (1982). Predicting students' outcomes from their perceptions of classroom psychosocial environment. American Educational Research Journal, 19, 498- 518.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hartmut,_J._1978-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hartmut,_J._1978_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hartmut,_J._1978_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hartmut, J. (1978). Supportive dimensions of teacher behavior in relationship to pupil emotional cognitive processes. Psychologie in Erziehung und Unterricht, 25, 69-74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Osborne,_E._1999-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Osborne,_E._1999_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Osborne,_E._1999_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Osborne,_E._1999_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Osborne, E.;. Salzberger, I.; Wittenberg, G. W. 1999. The Emotional Experience of Learning and Teaching. Karnac Books, London.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Baker, J. A.Teacher-Student Interaction in Urban At-Risk Classrooms: Differential Behavior, Relationship Quality, and Student Satisfaction with School. The Elementary School Journal Volume 100, Number 1, 1999 by The University of Chicago.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moos, R. H. (1979). Evaluating Educational Environments: Measures, procedures, findings, and policy implications. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoorian1999" class="citation journal cs1">Goorian, Brad (December 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080227085217/http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/data/ericdocs2sql/content_storage_01/0000019b/80/15/fd/90.pdf">"Sexual Misconduct by School Employees"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/ERIC" class="mw-redirect" title="ERIC">ERIC Digest</a></i> (134): 1. ERIC #: ED436816. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/data/ericdocs2sql/content_storage_01/0000019b/80/15/fd/90.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 27 February 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ERIC+Digest&rft.atitle=Sexual+Misconduct+by+School+Employees&rft.issue=134&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1999-12&rft.aulast=Goorian&rft.aufirst=Brad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eric.ed.gov%2FERICDocs%2Fdata%2Fericdocs2sql%2Fcontent_storage_01%2F0000019b%2F80%2F15%2Ffd%2F90.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DOEd-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DOEd_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShakeshaft2004" class="citation web cs1">Shakeshaft, Charol (June 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ed.gov/rschstat/research/pubs/misconductreview/report.pdf#p28">"Educator Sexual Misconduct: A Synthesis of Existing Literature"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Education">U.S. Department of Education</a>, Office of the Under Secretary. p. 28. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080411133905/http://www.ed.gov/rschstat/research/pubs/misconductreview/report.pdf#p28">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 11 April 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Educator+Sexual+Misconduct%3A+A+Synthesis+of+Existing+Literature&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Education%2C+Office+of+the+Under+Secretary&rft.date=2004-06&rft.aulast=Shakeshaft&rft.aufirst=Charol&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ed.gov%2Frschstat%2Fresearch%2Fpubs%2Fmisconductreview%2Freport.pdf%23p28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ed.gov/rschstat/research/pubs/misconductreview/report.pdf#p28">Educator Sexual Misconduct: A Synthesis of Existing Literature</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080411133905/http://www.ed.gov/rschstat/research/pubs/misconductreview/report.pdf">Archived</a> 11 April 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> see page 8 and page 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/story/union-official-teachers-who-engage-in-consensual-sex-with-teen-pupils-shouldnt-face-prosecution">"Union Official: Teachers Who Engage in Consensual Sex With Teen Pupils Shouldn't Face Prosecution"</a>. <i>Fox News</i>. 6 October 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081010220256/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,432881,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=Union+Official%3A+Teachers+Who+Engage+in+Consensual+Sex+With+Teen+Pupils+Shouldn%27t+Face+Prosecution&rft.date=2008-10-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fstory%2Funion-official-teachers-who-engage-in-consensual-sex-with-teen-pupils-shouldnt-face-prosecution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKissen2002" class="citation book cs1">Kissen, Rita (2002). <i>Getting Ready for Benjamin: Preparing Teachers for Sexual Diversity in the classroom</i>. p. 62.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Getting+Ready+for+Benjamin%3A+Preparing+Teachers+for+Sexual+Diversity+in+the+classroom&rft.pages=62&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Kissen&rft.aufirst=Rita&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/stories/s72521.htm">"7.30 Report - 10/12/1999: Shortage of male primary school teachers"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030822201605/http://www.abc.net.au/7.30/stories/s72521.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 22 August 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.atitle=7.30+Report+-+10%2F12%2F1999%3A+Shortage+of+male+primary+school+teachers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2F7.30%2Fstories%2Fs72521.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Walter Evans (1965) letter to Roy Glasgow of Naval Postgraduate School, quoted by his son Gregory Walter Evans (December 2004) "Bringing Root Locus to the Classroom", <a href="/wiki/IEEE_Control_Systems_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE Control Systems Magazine">IEEE Control Systems Magazine</a>, page 81</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bucknell.edu/x4615.xml">"Ingraham v. Wright"</a>. Bucknell.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110908060547/http://www.bucknell.edu/x4615.xml">Archived</a> from the original on 8 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ingraham+v.+Wright&rft.pub=Bucknell.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bucknell.edu%2Fx4615.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurgerStrohmeierKollerová2022" class="citation journal cs1">Burger C, Strohmeier D, Kollerová L (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10964-022-01674-6">"Teachers can make a difference in bullying: Effects of teacher interventions on students' adoption of bully, victim, bully-victim or defender roles across time"</a>. <i>Journal of Youth and Adolescence</i>. <b>51</b> (12): 2312–2327. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10964-022-01674-6">10.1007/s10964-022-01674-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0047-2891">0047-2891</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9596519">9596519</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36053439">36053439</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:252009527">252009527</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Youth+and+Adolescence&rft.atitle=Teachers+can+make+a+difference+in+bullying%3A+Effects+of+teacher+interventions+on+students%27+adoption+of+bully%2C+victim%2C+bully-victim+or+defender+roles+across+time&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=2312-2327&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9596519%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A252009527%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10964-022-01674-6&rft.issn=0047-2891&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F36053439&rft.aulast=Burger&rft.aufirst=C&rft.au=Strohmeier%2C+D&rft.au=Kollerov%C3%A1%2C+L&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1007%2Fs10964-022-01674-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.feaonline.org/media/members/onepapers/Maintaining_Classroom_Discipline.pdf">"Maintaining Classroom Discipline"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Federal Education Association</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190214151248/http://feaonline.org/media/members/onepapers/Maintaining_Classroom_Discipline.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 14 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federal+Education+Association&rft.atitle=Maintaining+Classroom+Discipline&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.feaonline.org%2Fmedia%2Fmembers%2Fonepapers%2FMaintaining_Classroom_Discipline.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTauber2007" class="citation book cs1">Tauber, Robert T. (2007). <i>Classroom Management: Sound Theory and Effective Practice</i>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 112. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780275996680" title="Special:BookSources/9780275996680"><bdi>9780275996680</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Classroom+Management%3A+Sound+Theory+and+Effective+Practice&rft.pages=112&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780275996680&rft.aulast=Tauber&rft.aufirst=Robert+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles2005" class="citation web cs1">Charles, C.M (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://faculty.washington.edu/dcheney/EDSPE503ClassroomManagement/Readings/CanterChapter.pdf">"Building Classroom Discipline"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>University of Washington</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170809092352/http://faculty.washington.edu/dcheney/EDSPE503ClassroomManagement/Readings/CanterChapter.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Washington&rft.atitle=Building+Classroom+Discipline&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Charles&rft.aufirst=C.M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffaculty.washington.edu%2Fdcheney%2FEDSPE503ClassroomManagement%2FReadings%2FCanterChapter.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaumann2016" class="citation journal cs1">Baumann, Chris (2016). "School discipline, school uniforms and academic performance". <i>International Journal of Educational Management</i>. <b>30</b> (6): 1003–1029. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1108%2FIJEM-09-2015-0118">10.1108/IJEM-09-2015-0118</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Educational+Management&rft.atitle=School+discipline%2C+school+uniforms+and+academic+performance&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1003-1029&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1108%2FIJEM-09-2015-0118&rft.aulast=Baumann&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSui-chu_Ho2009" class="citation web cs1">Sui-chu Ho, Esther (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hkier.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/journal/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/erj_v24n2_327-348.pdf">"Characteristics of East Asian Learners: What We Learned From PISA"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>hkier.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180516192337/http://hkier.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/journal/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/erj_v24n2_327-348.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 16 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hkier.fed.cuhk.edu.hk%2F&rft.atitle=Characteristics+of+East+Asian+Learners%3A+What+We+Learned+From+PISA&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Sui-chu+Ho&rft.aufirst=Esther&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhkier.fed.cuhk.edu.hk%2Fjournal%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2010%2F06%2Ferj_v24n2_327-348.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMunro2016" class="citation web cs1">Munro, Kelsey (November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180317101745/https://www.smh.com.au/education/strict-classroom-discipline-improves-student-outcomes-and-work-ethic-studies-find-20161108-gsksiq.html">"Strict classroom discipline improves student outcomes and work ethic, studies find"</a>. <i>The Sydney Morning Herald</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/education/strict-classroom-discipline-improves-student-outcomes-and-work-ethic-studies-find-20161108-gsksiq.html">the original</a> on 17 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Strict+classroom+discipline+improves+student+outcomes+and+work+ethic%2C+studies+find&rft.date=2016-11&rft.aulast=Munro&rft.aufirst=Kelsey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Feducation%2Fstrict-classroom-discipline-improves-student-outcomes-and-work-ethic-studies-find-20161108-gsksiq.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Crisis in American Education — An Analysis and a Proposal, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sudval.com/05_onepersononevote.html#02">The Sudbury Valley School</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511180710/http://www.sudval.com/05_onepersononevote.html">Archived</a> 11 May 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (1970), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MAqxzEss8k4C&pg=PA49&dq=The+Crisis+in+American+Education+%E2%80%94+An+Analysis+and+a+Proposal,+The+Sudbury+Valley+School+(1970),+Law+and+Order:+Foundations+of+Discipline"><i>Law and Order: Foundations of Discipline</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170118063824/https://books.google.com/books?id=MAqxzEss8k4C&pg=PA49&dq=The+Crisis+in+American+Education+%E2%80%94+An+Analysis+and+a+Proposal,+The+Sudbury+Valley+School+(1970),+Law+and+Order:+Foundations+of+Discipline">Archived</a> 18 January 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (pg. 49-55). Retrieved 15 November 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Greenberg, D. (1987) The Sudbury Valley School Experience <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sudval.com/05_underlyingideas.html#09">"Back to Basics - Political basics."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511175026/http://www.sudval.com/05_underlyingideas.html">Archived</a> 11 May 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Knowing all this, we would expect; nay, insist (one would think) that the schools, in training their students to contribute productively to the political stability and growth of America, would be democratic and non-autocratic; be governed by clear rules and due process; be guardians of individual rights of students. A student growing up in schools having these features would be ready to move right into society at large. I think it is safe to say that the individual liberties so cherished by our ancestors and by each succeeding generation will never be really secure until our youth, throughout the crucial formative years of their minds and spirits, are nurtured in a school environment that embodies these basic American truths.</p></blockquote> Retrieved 4 January 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_44-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaghiehMontgomeryBonellThompson2015" class="citation journal cs1">Naghieh, Ali; Montgomery, Paul; Bonell, Christopher P.; Thompson, Marc; Aber, J. Lawrence (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gala.gre.ac.uk/19937/7/19937%20NAGIEH_Organisational_Interventions_for_%20Improving_Wellbeing_2015.pdf">"Organisational interventions for improving wellbeing and reducing work-related stress in teachers"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews</i>. <b>4</b> (4): CD010306. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F14651858.CD010306.pub2">10.1002/14651858.CD010306.pub2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1469-493X">1469-493X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25851427">25851427</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:205204278">205204278</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180720161312/http://gala.gre.ac.uk/19937/7/19937%20NAGIEH_Organisational_Interventions_for_%20Improving_Wellbeing_2015.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 20 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cochrane+Database+of+Systematic+Reviews&rft.atitle=Organisational+interventions+for+improving+wellbeing+and+reducing+work-related+stress+in+teachers&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=CD010306&rft.date=2015&rft.issn=1469-493X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A205204278%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25851427&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F14651858.CD010306.pub2&rft.aulast=Naghieh&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft.au=Montgomery%2C+Paul&rft.au=Bonell%2C+Christopher+P.&rft.au=Thompson%2C+Marc&rft.au=Aber%2C+J.+Lawrence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgala.gre.ac.uk%2F19937%2F7%2F19937%2520NAGIEH_Organisational_Interventions_for_%2520Improving_Wellbeing_2015.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-intschools-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-intschools_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeachers_International_Consultancy2008" class="citation web cs1">Teachers International Consultancy (17 July 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090209225547/http://www.ticrecruitment.com/contentpage.php?pageid=14">"Teaching at international schools is not TEFL"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ticrecruitment.com/contentpage.php?pageid=14">the original</a> on 9 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Teaching+at+international+schools+is+not+TEFL&rft.date=2008-07-17&rft.au=Teachers+International+Consultancy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ticrecruitment.com%2Fcontentpage.php%3Fpageid%3D14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Madalsa Ujjwal, 2008, "Swami Dayanand Saraswati Life and Ideas", Book Treasure Publications, Jodhpur, pp. 96–97</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joshi, Ankur; Gupta, Rajen K. (July 2017). "Elementary education in Bharat (that is India): insights from a postcolonial ethnographic study of a Gurukul". <i>International Journal of Indian Culture and Business Management</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.education.ie/en/Circulars-and-Forms/Active-Circulars/cl0040_2011.pdf">"Circular 0040/2011 (New Pay Scales for New Appointees to Teaching in 2011)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Department of Education, Ireland. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140606211440/http://www.education.ie/en/Circulars-and-Forms/Active-Circulars/cl0040_2011.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 6 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Circular+0040%2F2011+%28New+Pay+Scales+for+New+Appointees+to+Teaching+in+2011%29&rft.pub=Department+of+Education%2C+Ireland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.education.ie%2Fen%2FCirculars-and-Forms%2FActive-Circulars%2Fcl0040_2011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://education.ie/en/Schools-Colleges/Information/Employing-a-Teacher/Requirement-For-Teachers-To-Be-Registered-With-The-Teaching-Council-Under-Section-30-Of-The-Teaching-Council-Act-2001.html">"Requirement For Teachers To Be Registered With The Teaching Council Under Section 30 Of The Teaching Council Act, 2001"</a>. Department of Education and Skills, Ireland. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120722133213/http://www.education.ie/en/Schools-Colleges/Information/Employing-a-Teacher/Requirement-For-Teachers-To-Be-Registered-With-The-Teaching-Council-Under-Section-30-Of-The-Teaching-Council-Act-2001.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Requirement+For+Teachers+To+Be+Registered+With+The+Teaching+Council+Under+Section+30+Of+The+Teaching+Council+Act%2C+2001&rft.pub=Department+of+Education+and+Skills%2C+Ireland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feducation.ie%2Fen%2FSchools-Colleges%2FInformation%2FEmploying-a-Teacher%2FRequirement-For-Teachers-To-Be-Registered-With-The-Teaching-Council-Under-Section-30-Of-The-Teaching-Council-Act-2001.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/2001/en/act/pub/0008/print.html">"Teaching Council Act, 2001"</a>. Office of the Attorney General, Ireland. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120330232536/http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/2001/en/act/pub/0008/print.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Teaching+Council+Act%2C+2001&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Attorney+General%2C+Ireland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishstatutebook.ie%2F2001%2Fen%2Fact%2Fpub%2F0008%2Fprint.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://education.ie/en/Circulars-and-Forms/Archived-Circulars/cl0094_2006.doc">"New arrangements for the vetting of teaching and non-teaching staff"</a>. Department of Education and Science, Ireland. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150603011727/http://education.ie/en/Circulars-and-Forms/Archived-Circulars/cl0094_2006.doc">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+arrangements+for+the+vetting+of+teaching+and+non-teaching+staff&rft.pub=Department+of+Education+and+Science%2C+Ireland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feducation.ie%2Fen%2FCirculars-and-Forms%2FArchived-Circulars%2Fcl0094_2006.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://education.ie/en/Circulars-and-Forms/Active-Circulars/cl0063_2010.doc">"Recruitment procedures – requirements for Garda vetting"</a>. Department of Education and Science, Ireland. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121004112440/http://www.education.ie/en/Circulars-and-Forms/Active-Circulars/cl0063_2010.doc">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Recruitment+procedures+%E2%80%93+requirements+for+Garda+vetting&rft.pub=Department+of+Education+and+Science%2C+Ireland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feducation.ie%2Fen%2FCirculars-and-Forms%2FActive-Circulars%2Fcl0063_2010.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prc.gov.ph/requirements/teacher">"TEACHER"</a>. Professional Regulatory Commission, Philippines. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220518165605/https://www.prc.gov.ph/requirements/teacher">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TEACHER&rft.pub=Professional+Regulatory+Commission%2C+Philippines&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prc.gov.ph%2Frequirements%2Fteacher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bukas.ph/blog/how-to-become-a-teacher-in-the-philippines/">"How To Become A Teacher In The Philippines"</a>. Bukas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220518165605/https://bukas.ph/blog/how-to-become-a-teacher-in-the-philippines/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+To+Become+A+Teacher+In+The+Philippines&rft.pub=Bukas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbukas.ph%2Fblog%2Fhow-to-become-a-teacher-in-the-philippines%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070611100905/http://www.tda.gov.uk/upload/resources/pdf/t/teacher_salaries.pdf">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Teacher Salaries from September 2007' TDA (Training and Development Agency)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Tda.gov.uk. 31 March 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tda.gov.uk/upload/resources/pdf/t/teacher_salaries.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 11 June 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Teacher+Salaries+from+September+2007%27+TDA+%28Training+and+Development+Agency%29&rft.pub=Tda.gov.uk&rft.date=2011-03-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tda.gov.uk%2Fupload%2Fresources%2Fpdf%2Ft%2Fteacher_salaries.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indeed.co.uk/salaries/Preschool-Teacher-Salaries">"Preschool Teacher Salaries in the United Kingdom"</a>. <i>indeed</i>. July 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180726234113/https://www.indeed.co.uk/salaries/Preschool-Teacher-Salaries">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=indeed&rft.atitle=Preschool+Teacher+Salaries+in+the+United+Kingdom&rft.date=2018-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indeed.co.uk%2Fsalaries%2FPreschool-Teacher-Salaries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gtcs.org.uk/Becoming_a_Teacher/Trainingtobeateacher/Trainingtobeateacher.asp">Training to be a teacher</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080129112253/http://www.gtcs.org.uk/Becoming_a_Teacher/Trainingtobeateacher/Trainingtobeateacher.asp">Archived</a> 29 January 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> GTC Scotland</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tes.com/articles/scotland-headteachers-and-deputy-headteachers-pay">"Scotland: Headteachers and deputy headteachers' pay"</a>. <i>Tes</i>. 31 May 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170914091403/https://www.tes.com/articles/scotland-headteachers-and-deputy-headteachers-pay">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tes&rft.atitle=Scotland%3A+Headteachers+and+deputy+headteachers%27+pay&rft.date=2016-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tes.com%2Farticles%2Fscotland-headteachers-and-deputy-headteachers-pay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/8630117.stm">"Wales' teachers 'getting younger'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 20 April 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220830172219/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/8630117.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Wales%27+teachers+%27getting+younger%27&rft.date=2010-04-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fwales%2F8630117.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-11476605">"Attacks on teachers in Wales on the rise"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 7 October 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101123173859/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-11476605">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Attacks+on+teachers+in+Wales+on+the+rise&rft.date=2010-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-wales-11476605&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://teacherportal.com/teaching-certification">"Teacher certification"</a>. Teacherportal.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720050328/http://teacherportal.com/teaching-certification">Archived</a> from the original on 20 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Teacher+certification&rft.pub=Teacherportal.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fteacherportal.com%2Fteaching-certification&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes252021.htm">"Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education"</a>. Bls.gov. 17 May 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110728165708/http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes252021.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 28 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elementary+School+Teachers%2C+Except+Special+Education&rft.pub=Bls.gov&rft.date=2011-05-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bls.gov%2Foes%2Fcurrent%2Foes252021.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes252022.htm">"Middle School Teachers, Except Special and Vocational Education"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Labor_Statistics" title="Bureau of Labor Statistics">Bureau of Labor Statistics</a>. 17 May 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110804231628/http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes252022.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Middle+School+Teachers%2C+Except+Special+and+Vocational+Education&rft.pub=Bureau+of+Labor+Statistics&rft.date=2011-05-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bls.gov%2Foes%2Fcurrent%2Foes252022.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes252031.htm">"Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Vocational Education"</a>. Bls.gov. 17 May 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110804231748/http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes252031.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Secondary+School+Teachers%2C+Except+Special+and+Vocational+Education&rft.pub=Bls.gov&rft.date=2011-05-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bls.gov%2Foes%2Fcurrent%2Foes252031.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aft.org/earlychildhood/worthy-wage-day-2019/downloads-and-2019-wage-data">"Downloads and 2019 Wage Data"</a>. <i>American Federation of Teachers</i>. 16 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190628025049/https://www.aft.org/earlychildhood/worthy-wage-day-2019/downloads-and-2019-wage-data">Archived</a> from the original on 28 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Federation+of+Teachers&rft.atitle=Downloads+and+2019+Wage+Data&rft.date=2015-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aft.org%2Fearlychildhood%2Fworthy-wage-day-2019%2Fdownloads-and-2019-wage-data&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bls.gov/ooh/education-training-and-library/preschool-teachers.htm">"Preschool Teachers"</a>. <i>Occupational Outlook Handbook</i>. <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Labor_Statistics" title="Bureau of Labor Statistics">Bureau of Labor Statistics</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190628021815/https://www.bls.gov/ooh/education-training-and-library/preschool-teachers.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 28 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Occupational+Outlook+Handbook&rft.atitle=Preschool+Teachers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bls.gov%2Fooh%2Feducation-training-and-library%2Fpreschool-teachers.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-US_Salaries,_2004-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-US_Salaries,_2004_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos069.htm#earnings">"U.S. Department of Labor: Bureau of Labor Statistics. (July 18, 2007). <i>Teachers—Preschool, Kindergarten, Elementary, Middle, and Secondary: Earnings</i>"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011004532/http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos069.htm#earnings">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Department+of+Labor%3A+Bureau+of+Labor+Statistics.+%28July+18%2C+2007%29.+Teachers%E2%80%94Preschool%2C+Kindergarten%2C+Elementary%2C+Middle%2C+and+Secondary%3A+Earnings&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bls.gov%2Foco%2Focos069.htm%23earnings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-US_Salaries,_2007-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-US_Salaries,_2007_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bls.gov/spotlight/">"Spotlight on Statistics: Back to School"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011005502/http://www.bls.gov/spotlight/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spotlight+on+Statistics%3A+Back+to+School&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bls.gov%2Fspotlight%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nea.org/student-program/tools/makeithappen.html">"Make It Happen: A Student's Guide,"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928031818/http://www.nea.org/student-program/tools/makeithappen.html">Archived</a> 28 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> National Education Association. Retrieved 7/5/07.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aft.org/pdfs/teachers/salarysurvey07.pdf">2007 "Survey & Analysis of Teacher Salary Trends,"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100816003803/http://www.aft.org/pdfs/teachers/salarysurvey07.pdf">Archived</a> 16 August 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> American Federation of Teachers. Retrieved 8/7/10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.payscale.com/research/US/All_K-12_Teachers/Salary">2008 "Teacher Salary- Average Teacher Salaries"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080913144238/http://www.payscale.com/research/US/All_K-12_Teachers/Salary">Archived</a> 13 September 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> PayScale. Retrieved 9/16/08.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHu2009" class="citation news cs1">Hu, Winnie (14 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/15/education/15plans.html?_r=2&hp">"Selling Lessons Online Raises Cash and Questions"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110512095509/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/15/education/15plans.html?_r=2&hp">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Selling+Lessons+Online+Raises+Cash+and+Questions&rft.date=2009-11-14&rft.aulast=Hu&rft.aufirst=Winnie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F11%2F15%2Feducation%2F15plans.html%3F_r%3D2%26hp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.campaignforeducation.org/en/who-we-are/the-international-education-framework-2/the-sustainable-development-goal-4/sdg4s-10-targets/">"SDG4's 10 targets"</a>. <i>Global Campaign For Education</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201001184041/https://www.campaignforeducation.org/en/who-we-are/the-international-education-framework-2/the-sustainable-development-goal-4/sdg4s-10-targets/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Global+Campaign+For+Education&rft.atitle=SDG4%27s+10+targets&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.campaignforeducation.org%2Fen%2Fwho-we-are%2Fthe-international-education-framework-2%2Fthe-sustainable-development-goal-4%2Fsdg4s-10-targets%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKraftLyon2024" class="citation journal cs1">Kraft, Matthew A.; Lyon, Melissa Arnold (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.3102/00028312241276856">"The Rise and Fall of the Teaching Profession: Prestige, Interest, Preparation, and Satisfaction Over the Last Half Century"</a>. <i>American Educational Research Journal</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3102%2F00028312241276856">10.3102/00028312241276856</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-8312">0002-8312</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Educational+Research+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+Teaching+Profession%3A+Prestige%2C+Interest%2C+Preparation%2C+and+Satisfaction+Over+the+Last+Half+Century&rft.date=2024&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3102%2F00028312241276856&rft.issn=0002-8312&rft.aulast=Kraft&rft.aufirst=Matthew+A.&rft.au=Lyon%2C+Melissa+Arnold&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2F10.3102%2F00028312241276856&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeacher" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li>Elsbree, Willard S. <i>The American Teacher: Evolution of a Profession in a Democracy</i> (1939) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.153325">online</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Parkerson, Donald Hugh. <i>Transitions in American education : a social history of teaching</i> (2001) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/transitionsiname0000park">online</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Parkerson, Donald H., and Jo Ann Parkerson. <i>The American Teacher : Foundations of Education</i> (2008)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Educators" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Educators">Educators</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> Quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Teachers" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Teachers">Teachers</a> at Wikiquote</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/teacher" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:teacher"><i>teacher</i></a> at Wiktionary</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gpseducation.oecd.org/revieweducationpolicies/#!node=41728&filter=all">OECD's Education GPS, a review of education policy analysis and statistics: Teachers</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37226#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37226#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37226#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Lehrer"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4035088-5">Germany</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Lehrerin"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4035097-6">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Teachers"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85132964">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Enseignants"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119375503">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Enseignants"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119375503">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00567187">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="učitelé"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph126982&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="učitelky"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph276829&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000053796&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007563477005171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/010428">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10642321">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Teacher&oldid=1258990446">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Teacher&oldid=1258990446</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Teaching" title="Category:Teaching">Teaching</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Education_and_training_occupations" title="Category:Education and training occupations">Education and training occupations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Positions_of_authority" title="Category:Positions of authority">Positions of authority</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_semi-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages">Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_move-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages">Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_October_2021" title="Category:Use dmy dates from October 2021">Use dmy dates from October 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2008" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2008">Articles with unsourced statements from January 2008</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_that_may_contain_original_research" title="Category:All articles that may contain original research">All articles that may contain original research</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_that_may_contain_original_research_from_September_2017" title="Category:Articles that may contain original research from September 2017">Articles that may contain original research from September 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 22 November 2024, at 19:42<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Teacher&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6bb4bcc5b5-5q9zp","wgBackendResponseTime":177,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.767","walltime":"0.951","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5368,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":129952,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":5690,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":32,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":203863,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 779.674 1 -total"," 39.45% 307.588 1 Template:Reflist"," 14.01% 109.259 9 Template:Cite_journal"," 13.65% 106.390 30 Template:Cite_web"," 13.63% 106.250 1 Template:Authority_control"," 7.62% 59.421 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.04% 47.065 1 Template:Infobox_Occupation"," 5.53% 43.127 1 Template:Infobox"," 5.01% 39.075 2 Template:Pagetype"," 4.79% 37.372 2 Template:Fix"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.439","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7373520,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-cc877b49b-tsgl8","timestamp":"20241127114833","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Teacher","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Teacher","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q37226","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q37226","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-04-03T02:34:12Z","dateModified":"2024-11-22T19:42:47Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/db\/Classroom_at_a_seconday_school_in_Pendembu_Sierra_Leone.jpg","headline":"person who helps others to acquire knowledge, competences or values"}</script> </body> </html>