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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">First Lady of Poland</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Maria Piłsudska</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maria_Pi%C5%82sudska.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Maria_Pi%C5%82sudska.jpg/225px-Maria_Pi%C5%82sudska.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Maria_Pi%C5%82sudska.jpg/338px-Maria_Pi%C5%82sudska.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Maria_Pi%C5%82sudska.jpg 2x" data-file-width="434" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_Poland" title="First Lady of Poland">First Lady of Poland</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In role</b></span><br />November 14, 1918 – 17 August 1921</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Pi%C5%82sudski" title="Józef Piłsudski">Józef Piłsudski</a><br /><small>(Chief of State)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Position established</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aleksandra_Pi%C5%82sudska" title="Aleksandra Piłsudska">Aleksandra Piłsudska</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Maria Koplewska</div><br />1865<br /><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vilna_Governorate" title="Vilna Governorate">Vilna Governorate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> (now part of <a href="/wiki/Vilnius_County" title="Vilnius County">Vilnius County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate">1921-08-17</span>)</span>17 August 1921 (aged 55–56)<br /><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>, <a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Poland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data">Polish</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Marian Juszkiewicz</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1883; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1887)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Pi%C5%82sudski" title="Józef Piłsudski">Józef Piłsudski</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1899)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">Wanda Juszkiewicz (1887–1908)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bestuzhev_Courses" title="Bestuzhev Courses">Bestuzhev Courses</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Maria Piłsudska</b> (née <b>Koplewska</b>; 1865 – 17 August 1921), was a Polish socialist and independence activist, the first wife of <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_State_(Poland)" title="Chief of State (Poland)">Chief of State</a> <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Pi%C5%82sudski" title="Józef Piłsudski">Józef Piłsudski</a> and ostensibly the <a href="/wiki/First_lady" title="First lady">first lady</a> of Poland during most of his service as Poland's <a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of Poland">Chief of State</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maria_Pi%C5%82sudska&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Koplewska-Maria-150dpi_demoire_PR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Koplewska-Maria-150dpi_demoire_PR.jpg/150px-Koplewska-Maria-150dpi_demoire_PR.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Koplewska-Maria-150dpi_demoire_PR.jpg/225px-Koplewska-Maria-150dpi_demoire_PR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Koplewska-Maria-150dpi_demoire_PR.jpg/299px-Koplewska-Maria-150dpi_demoire_PR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Maria Piłsudska née Koplewska (1865-1921) in her youth, ca. 1885</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rossa-Maria_Pi%C5%82sudska.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Rossa-Maria_Pi%C5%82sudska.JPG/150px-Rossa-Maria_Pi%C5%82sudska.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Rossa-Maria_Pi%C5%82sudska.JPG/225px-Rossa-Maria_Pi%C5%82sudska.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Rossa-Maria_Pi%C5%82sudska.JPG/300px-Rossa-Maria_Pi%C5%82sudska.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Maria Piłsudska's grave at <a href="/wiki/Rossa_Cemetery" class="mw-redirect" title="Rossa Cemetery">Rossa Cemetery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a></figcaption></figure><p>She was born in 1865 in <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>, at that time part of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, to Konstanty Koplewski, a prominent physician. After graduating from high school, she moved to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">St. Petersburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. There she studied in the <a href="/wiki/Bestuzhev_Courses" title="Bestuzhev Courses">Bestuzhev Courses</a>, a university for women, while cultivating friendships within certain revolutionary circles. It was there she met Marian Juszkiewicz, a young <a href="/wiki/Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway">railway</a> engineer whom she married in 1883. Their marriage was not a happy one, however, and fell apart soon after the birth of their daughter, Wanda, in 1887. </p><p>In 1892, the beautiful, intelligent and socially poised Maria met <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Pi%C5%82sudski" title="Józef Piłsudski">Józef Piłsudski</a>. After seven years, they married on 15 July 1899 at the village of <a href="/wiki/Papro%C4%87_Du%C5%BCa" title="Paproć Duża">Paproć Duża</a> near <a href="/wiki/%C5%81om%C5%BCa" title="Łomża">Łomża</a>. Since Maria was a divorcee and the Catholic Church did not recognize divorce, she and Piłsudski had converted to <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a>. Soon afterward they settled in <a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA" title="Łódź">Łódź</a>, where Józef continued his revolutionary activities. In February 1900, they were arrested when a clandestine printing press was discovered in their apartment. After eleven months Maria was released, while Piłsudski remained imprisoned in the infamous Tenth Pavilion at the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Citadel" title="Warsaw Citadel">Warsaw Citadel</a> in the Russian-occupied part of Poland. Upon his subsequent escape from a mental hospital in St. Petersburg to which he had been transferred, the couple moved to <a href="/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w" class="mw-redirect" title="Lwów">Lwów</a>, in eastern <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Central_Europe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Galicia (Central Europe)">Galicia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>. </p><p>In mid-November 1901, they relocated to <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, the seat of the Polish Socialist Party's leadership. In April 1902, however, pursuant to the needs of the PPS, they returned to Lwów, and in 1904 moved to <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>. </p><p>In May 1906 Piłsudski met <a href="/wiki/Aleksandra_Pi%C5%82sudska" title="Aleksandra Piłsudska">Aleksandra Szczerbińska</a>, who was working with the PPS paramilitary organization. After a time, Piłsudski and Aleksandra began an affair. In 1908 Maria Piłsudska's daughter by her first marriage, Wanda, died. By 1909, Maria was aware of Józef's affair but refused to divorce him, and they continued to share a home until the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>. Maria remained popular among the PPS and its paramilitary faction, and had helped Józef gain adherents amongst them. Their marriage continued to deteriorate, however, and after his release from <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a> Prison in November 1918, Piłsudski abandoned her. Aleksandra Szczerbińska became his de facto wife, although for propriety's sake they had to maintain separate homes. Maria Piłsudska withdrew from public life and continued to reside in Kraków. </p><p>Maria Piłsudska died in Kraków on 17 August 1921. She was buried at the <a href="/wiki/Rasos_Cemetery" title="Rasos Cemetery">Rasos Cemetery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>. Piłsudski did not attend the funeral; two months later he married Aleksandra, by whom he had had a daughter, <a href="/wiki/Wanda_Pi%C5%82sudska" title="Wanda Piłsudska">Wanda</a>, in 1918, and a second daughter, <a href="/wiki/Jadwiga_Pi%C5%82sudska" title="Jadwiga Piłsudska">Jadwiga</a>, in 1920. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maria_Pi%C5%82sudska&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGarlicki1981" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Garlicki, Andrzej (1981). "Maria z Koplewskich Piłsudska". <i>Polski Słownik Biograficzny</i> (in Polish). Vol. 26. Wrocław. pp. 304–305.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Maria+z+Koplewskich+Pi%C5%82sudska&rft.btitle=Polski+S%C5%82ownik+Biograficzny&rft.place=Wroc%C5%82aw&rft.pages=304-305&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Garlicki&rft.aufirst=Andrzej&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaria+Pi%C5%82sudska" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_encyclopedia" title="Template:Cite encyclopedia">cite encyclopedia</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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