CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Algonquian peoples - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"c8501ee6-56b7-4b37-94bc-34d472ec270c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Algonquian_peoples","wgTitle":"Algonquian peoples","wgCurRevisionId":1254365176,"wgRevisionId":1254365176,"wgArticleId":1106301,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from December 2013","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from October 2023","Articles with permanently dead external links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from March 2024","Articles with unsourced statements from July 2021", "Articles with unsourced statements from July 2023","Commons category link from Wikidata","Algonquian peoples","Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands","Great Lakes tribes","Indigenous peoples in the United States","First Nations in Ontario","First Nations in Quebec","First Nations in Atlantic Canada","First Nations in Alberta","First Nations in Saskatchewan","First Nations in Manitoba","Native American tribes in North Carolina"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Algonquian_peoples","wgRelevantArticleId":1106301,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr", "pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1621197","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles" :"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Algonquian_langs.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1099"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Algonquian_langs.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="733"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Algonquian_langs.png/640px-Algonquian_langs.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="586"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Algonquian peoples - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algonquian_peoples"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Algonquian_peoples&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algonquian_peoples"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Algonquian_peoples rootpage-Algonquian_peoples skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Algonquian+peoples" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Algonquian+peoples" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Algonquian+peoples" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Algonquian+peoples" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Colonial_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Colonial period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonial_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tribal_identity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tribal_identity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tribal identity</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tribal_identity-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tribal identity subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tribal_identity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-New_England_area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_England_area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>New England area</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_England_area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Midwest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Midwest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Midwest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Midwest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Upper_west" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Upper_west"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Upper west</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Upper_west-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_historic_Algonquian-speaking_peoples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_historic_Algonquian-speaking_peoples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>List of historic Algonquian-speaking peoples</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_historic_Algonquian-speaking_peoples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Algonquian peoples</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB_(%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB)" title="Алгонкинал (миллатал) – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Алгонкинал (миллатал)" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alqonkinl%C9%99r_(xalqlar_qrupu)" title="Alqonkinlər (xalqlar qrupu) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Alqonkinlər (xalqlar qrupu)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Алганкіны – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Алганкіны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Алгонкински народи – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Алгонкински народи" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algonquins" title="Algonquins – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Algonquins" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algonkinsk%C3%A9_kmeny" title="Algonkinské kmeny – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Algonkinské kmeny" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algonkiner" title="Algonkiner – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Algonkiner" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblos_algonquinos" title="Pueblos algonquinos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pueblos algonquinos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algonkenaj_etnoj" title="Algonkenaj etnoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Algonkenaj etnoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A2%D9%84%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="مردمان آلگانکی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مردمان آلگانکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peuples_algonquiens" title="Peuples algonquiens – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Peuples algonquiens" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%8C%EA%B3%A4%ED%82%A8_%EC%A0%9C%EC%A1%B1" title="알곤킨 제족 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="알곤킨 제족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC%D5%A3%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80_(%D6%81%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%A2)" title="Ալգոնկիններ (ցեղախումբ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալգոնկիններ (ցեղախումբ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algonchini" title="Algonchini – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Algonchini" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Алгонкиндер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Алгонкиндер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algonkinu_tautas" title="Algonkinu tautas – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Algonkinu tautas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algonkinai" title="Algonkinai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Algonkinai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algoncian_(popla)" title="Algoncian (popla) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Algoncian (popla)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82" title="അൽഗോങ്കിയൻ വർഗം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അൽഗോങ്കിയൻ വർഗം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AD%E3%83%B3%E6%97%8F" title="アルゴンキン族 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アルゴンキン族" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algonkinske_folk" title="Algonkinske folk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Algonkinske folk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algonkinske_folk" title="Algonkinske folk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Algonkinske folk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludy_algonkia%C5%84skie" title="Ludy algonkiańskie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ludy algonkiańskie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2)" title="Алгонкины (группа народов) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Алгонкины (группа народов)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algonkinovia" title="Algonkinovia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Algonkinovia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Алгонквини – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Алгонквини" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algonkin-kansat" title="Algonkin-kansat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Algonkin-kansat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algonkin_halklar%C4%B1" title="Algonkin halkları – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Algonkin halkları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B8_(%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%B2)" title="Алгонкіни (група народів) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Алгонкіни (група народів)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%AF" title="الگونکوئن لوگ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="الگونکوئن لوگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1621197#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Algonquian_peoples" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Algonquian_peoples" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Algonquian_peoples"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algonquian_peoples&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algonquian_peoples&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Algonquian_peoples"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algonquian_peoples&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algonquian_peoples&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Algonquian_peoples" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Algonquian_peoples" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algonquian_peoples&oldid=1254365176" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algonquian_peoples&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Algonquian_peoples&id=1254365176&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAlgonquian_peoples"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAlgonquian_peoples"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Algonquian_peoples&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algonquian_peoples&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Algonquian_peoples" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1621197" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Native North American ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the numerous peoples speaking <a href="/wiki/Algonquian_languages" title="Algonquian languages">Algonquian languages</a>. For the "Algonquin" of Quebec and Ontario, see <a href="/wiki/Algonquin_people" title="Algonquin people">Algonquin people</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Algonquian_langs.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Algonquian_langs.png/220px-Algonquian_langs.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Algonquian_langs.png/330px-Algonquian_langs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Algonquian_langs.png/440px-Algonquian_langs.png 2x" data-file-width="702" data-file-height="643" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Algonquian_languages" title="Algonquian languages">Algonquian</a>-speaking peoples in North America before European settlement</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_village_of_Pomeioc,_North_Carolina,_1885,_color_-_NARA_-_535753.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/The_village_of_Pomeioc%2C_North_Carolina%2C_1885%2C_color_-_NARA_-_535753.jpg/220px-The_village_of_Pomeioc%2C_North_Carolina%2C_1885%2C_color_-_NARA_-_535753.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/The_village_of_Pomeioc%2C_North_Carolina%2C_1885%2C_color_-_NARA_-_535753.jpg/330px-The_village_of_Pomeioc%2C_North_Carolina%2C_1885%2C_color_-_NARA_-_535753.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/The_village_of_Pomeioc%2C_North_Carolina%2C_1885%2C_color_-_NARA_-_535753.jpg/440px-The_village_of_Pomeioc%2C_North_Carolina%2C_1885%2C_color_-_NARA_-_535753.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1576" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>A 1585 sketch of the Algonquian village of Pomeiock near present-day <a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_North_Carolina#Pamlico_River" title="List of rivers of North Carolina">Gibbs Creek</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Algonquians</b> are one of the most populous and widespread North American <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">indigenous North American</a> groups, consisting of the peoples who speak <a href="/wiki/Algonquian_languages" title="Algonquian languages">Algonquian languages</a>. They historically were prominent along the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">Atlantic Coast</a> and in the interior regions along <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence River">Saint Lawrence River</a> and around the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before contact with Europeans, most Algonquian settlements lived by hunting and fishing, with many of them supplementing their diet by cultivating <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">corn</a>, beans and <a href="/wiki/Cucurbita" title="Cucurbita">squash</a> (the "<a href="/wiki/Three_Sisters_(agriculture)" title="Three Sisters (agriculture)">Three Sisters"</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Ojibwe" title="Ojibwe">Ojibwe</a> cultivated <a href="/wiki/Wild_rice" title="Wild rice">wild rice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Colonial_period">Colonial period</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algonquian_peoples&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Colonial period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Colonial history of the United States">Colonial history of the United States</a></div> <p>At the time of the first European settlements in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>, Algonquian peoples resided in present-day <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> east of the <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky Mountains</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, southeastern <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a>, and down the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">Atlantic Coast</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Upper_South" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper South">Upper South</a>, and around the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a> in present-day <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>. The precise homeland of the Algonquian peoples is not known. At the time of the European arrival, the hegemonic <a href="/wiki/Iroquois_Confederacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Iroquois Confederacy">Iroquois Confederacy</a>, based in present-day New York and <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, was regularly at war with their Algonquian neighbors.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tribal_identity">Tribal identity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algonquian_peoples&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Tribal identity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Algonquian peoples include and have included historical populations in: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narragansett_people" title="Narragansett people">Narragansett</a> of <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohegan" title="Mohegan">Mohegan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chowanoke" class="mw-redirect" title="Chowanoke">Chowanoke</a>, formerly of <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamlico" title="Pamlico">Carolina Algonquian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roanoke_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Roanoke tribe">Roanoke</a>, formerly of <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatan" title="Croatan">Croatan</a>, formerly of <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powhatan_Confederacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Powhatan Confederacy">Powhatan Confederacy</a> of <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pamunkey" title="Pamunkey">Pamunkey</a> of <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powhatan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Powhatan people">Powhatan people</a> of <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wampanoag_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Wampanoag people">Wampanoag</a> of <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patuxet" title="Patuxet">Patuxet</a>, formerly a band of the <a href="/wiki/Wampanoag" title="Wampanoag">Wampanoag</a> peoples</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabanaki_Confederacy" title="Wabanaki Confederacy">Wabanaki</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Maritime_provinces" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime provinces">Maritime provinces</a>/<a href="/wiki/Atlantic_provinces" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic provinces">Atlantic provinces</a> in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abenaki" title="Abenaki">Abenaki</a> of <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>; historically <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penobscot" title="Penobscot">Penobscot</a> of <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%EA%9E%8Ckmaq" class="mw-redirect" title="Miꞌkmaq">Miꞌkmaq</a> of <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> and <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland" class="mw-redirect" title="Newfoundland">Newfoundland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passamaquoddy" title="Passamaquoddy">Passamaquoddy</a> of <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maliseet" class="mw-redirect" title="Maliseet">Maliseet</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawnee" title="Shawnee">Shawnee</a>, formerly of the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_River_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohio River Valley">Ohio River Valley</a>, now <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Algonquian" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Algonquian">Central Algonquian</a> peoples <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kickapoo_people" title="Kickapoo people">Kickapoo</a> (Kikapú, Kiikaapoa, Kiikaapoi): originally from <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Michigan" title="Southeast Michigan">southeast Michigan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>; now in <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, United States; <a href="/wiki/Coahuila" title="Coahuila">Coahuila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoria_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Peoria tribe">Peoria</a> (Illiniwek), formerly <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> now <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menominee" title="Menominee">Menominee</a> (kāēyas-mamāceqtaw) of <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Upper_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Michigan">Upper Michigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anishinaabe" title="Anishinaabe">Anishinaabe</a>, Great Lakes, Subarctic, Northern Plains <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe" title="Ojibwe">Ojibwe</a> (including the <a href="/wiki/Saulteaux" title="Saulteaux">Saulteaux</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oji-Cree" title="Oji-Cree">Oji-Cree</a>)), <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potawatomi" title="Potawatomi">Potawatomi</a> of <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odawa" title="Odawa">Odawa</a> of <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a> and now <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississaugas" title="Mississaugas">Mississaugas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipissing_First_Nation" title="Nipissing First Nation">Nipissing</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algonquin_people" title="Algonquin people">Algonquin</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cree" title="Cree">Cree</a> of <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_England_area">New England area</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algonquian_peoples&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: New England area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Colonists in the Massachusetts Bay area first encountered the <a href="/wiki/Wampanoag_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Wampanoag people">Wampanoag</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusett" title="Massachusett">Massachusett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nipmuc" title="Nipmuc">Nipmuc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennacook" title="Pennacook">Pennacook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penobscot" title="Penobscot">Penobscot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Passamaquoddy" title="Passamaquoddy">Passamaquoddy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Quinnipiac" title="Quinnipiac">Quinnipiac</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Mohegan" title="Mohegan">Mohegan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pequot" class="mw-redirect" title="Pequot">Pequot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pocumtuc" class="mw-redirect" title="Pocumtuc">Pocumtuc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Podunk_people" title="Podunk people">Podunk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunxis" title="Tunxis">Tunxis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Narragansett_people" title="Narragansett people">Narragansett</a> were based in southern New England. The <a href="/wiki/Abenaki_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Abenaki people">Abenaki</a> were located in northern New England: present-day Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont in what became the United States and eastern Quebec in what became Canada. They traded with French colonists who settled along the Atlantic coast and the Saint Lawrence River. The <a href="/wiki/Mahican" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahican">Mahican</a> were located in western New England in the upper Hudson River Valley (around present-day Albany, New York). These groups cultivated crops, hunted, and fished.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Algonquians of <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Piscataway_people" title="Piscataway people">Piscataway</a> (who spoke <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Algonquian_languages" title="Eastern Algonquian languages">Eastern Algonquian</a>), practised a seasonal economy. The basic <a href="/wiki/Social_group" title="Social group">social unit</a> was the village: a few hundred people related by a <a href="/wiki/Clan" title="Clan">clan</a> <a href="/wiki/Kinship" title="Kinship">kinship</a> structure. Villages were temporary and mobile. The people moved to locations of greatest natural food supply, often breaking into smaller units or gathering as the circumstances required. This custom resulted in a certain degree of intertribal mobility, especially in troubled times.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In warm weather, they constructed portable <a href="/wiki/Wigwam" title="Wigwam">wigwams</a>, a type of hut usually with <a href="/wiki/Buckskin_(leather)" title="Buckskin (leather)">buckskin</a> doors. In the winter, they erected the more substantial <a href="/wiki/Longhouses_of_the_indigenous_peoples_of_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Longhouses of the indigenous peoples of North America">longhouses</a>, in which more than one <a href="/wiki/Clan" title="Clan">clan</a> could reside. They cached food supplies in more permanent, <a href="/wiki/Root_cellar" title="Root cellar">semi-subterranean structures</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the spring, when the fish were spawning, they left the winter camps to build villages at coastal locations and waterfalls. In March, they caught <a href="/wiki/Smelt_(fish)" title="Smelt (fish)">smelt</a> in nets and <a href="/wiki/Weir" title="Weir">weirs</a>, moving about in <a href="/wiki/Birch_bark" title="Birch bark">birch bark</a> <a href="/wiki/Canoe" title="Canoe">canoes</a>. In April, they netted <a href="/wiki/Alewife_(fish)" title="Alewife (fish)">alewife</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sturgeon" title="Sturgeon">sturgeon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salmon" title="Salmon">salmon</a>. In May, they caught <a href="/wiki/Cod" title="Cod">cod</a> with hook and line in the <a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">ocean</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Trout" title="Trout">trout</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smelt_(fish)" title="Smelt (fish)">smelt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Striped_bass" title="Striped bass">striped bass</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flounder" title="Flounder">flounder</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Estuaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Estuaries">estuaries</a> and streams. Putting out to sea, they hunted <a href="/wiki/Whale" title="Whale">whales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porpoise" title="Porpoise">porpoises</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walrus" title="Walrus">walruses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pinniped" title="Pinniped">seals</a>. They gathered <a href="/wiki/Scallop" title="Scallop">scallops</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mussel" title="Mussel">mussels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clam" title="Clam">clams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crab" title="Crab">crabs</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, in southern New Jersey, harvested clams year-round.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From April through October, natives hunted <a href="/wiki/Bird_migration" title="Bird migration">migratory</a> birds and their eggs: <a href="/wiki/Canada_geese" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada geese">Canada geese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brent_Goose" class="mw-redirect" title="Brent Goose">brant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mourning_dove" title="Mourning dove">mourning doves</a> and others. In July and August they gathered <a href="/wiki/Strawberry" title="Strawberry">strawberries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raspberry" title="Raspberry">raspberries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blueberry" title="Blueberry">blueberries</a> and nuts. In September, they split into small groups and moved up the streams to the forest. There, they hunted <a href="/wiki/Beaver" title="Beaver">beaver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caribou" class="mw-redirect" title="Caribou">caribou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moose" title="Moose">moose</a> and <a href="/wiki/White-tailed_deer" title="White-tailed deer">white-tailed deer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December, when the snows began, the people created larger winter camps in sheltered locations, where they built or reconstructed longhouses. February and March were lean times. The tribes in <a href="/wiki/Southern_New_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern New England">southern New England</a> and other northern latitudes had to rely on cached food. Northerners developed a practice of going hungry for several days at a time. Historians hypothesize that this practice kept the population down, with some invoking <a href="/wiki/Liebig%27s_law_of_the_minimum" title="Liebig's law of the minimum">Liebig's law of the minimum</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The southern Algonquians of New England relied predominantly on <a href="/wiki/Slash_and_burn" class="mw-redirect" title="Slash and burn">slash and burn</a> agriculture.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They cleared fields by burning for one or two years of cultivation, after which the village moved to another location. This is the reason the <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">English</a> found the region relatively cleared and ready for planting. By using various kinds of native corn (maize), beans and squash, southern New England natives were able to improve their diet to such a degree that their population increased and they reached a density of 287 people per 100 square miles as opposed to 41 in the north.<sup id="cite_ref-Cronon_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cronon-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Scholars estimate that, by the year 1600, the indigenous population of New England had reached 70,000–100,000.<sup id="cite_ref-Cronon_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cronon-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Midwest">Midwest</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algonquian_peoples&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Midwest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The French encountered Algonquian peoples in this area through their trade and limited colonization of New France along the Mississippi and Ohio rivers. The historic peoples of the Illinois Country were the <a href="/wiki/Shawnee" title="Shawnee">Shawnee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illiniwek" class="mw-redirect" title="Illiniwek">Illiniwek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kickapoo_people" title="Kickapoo people">Kickapoo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Menominee" title="Menominee">Menominee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miami_people" title="Miami people">Miami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sauk_people" title="Sauk people">Sauk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meskwaki" title="Meskwaki">Meskwaki</a>. The latter were also known as the Sac and Fox, and later known as the Meskwaki Indians, who lived throughout the present-day Midwest of the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Meskwaki_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meskwaki-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the nineteenth century, many Native Americans from east of the Mississippi River were displaced over great distances through the United States passage and enforcement of <a href="/wiki/Indian_removal" title="Indian removal">Indian removal</a> legislation; they forced the people west of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a> to what they designated as <a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory" title="Indian Territory">Indian Territory</a>. After the US extinguished Indian land claims, this area was admitted as the state of <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> in the early 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Meskwaki_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meskwaki-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Upper_west">Upper west</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algonquian_peoples&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Upper west"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ojibwe/Chippewa, <a href="/wiki/Odawa" title="Odawa">Odawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potawatomi" title="Potawatomi">Potawatomi</a>, and a variety of <a href="/wiki/Cree" title="Cree">Cree</a> groups lived in <a href="/wiki/Upper_Peninsula_of_Michigan" title="Upper Peninsula of Michigan">Upper Peninsula of Michigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Ontario">Western Ontario</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Prairies" title="Canadian Prairies">Canadian Prairies</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Arapaho" title="Arapaho">Arapaho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_Confederacy" title="Blackfoot Confederacy">Blackfoot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cheyenne" title="Cheyenne">Cheyenne</a> developed as indigenous to the <a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_historic_Algonquian-speaking_peoples">List of historic Algonquian-speaking peoples</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algonquian_peoples&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: List of historic Algonquian-speaking peoples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col div-col-rules" style="column-width: 10em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algonquin_people" title="Algonquin people">Algonquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abenaki" title="Abenaki">Abenaki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Missiquoi" title="Missiquoi">Missiquoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennacook" title="Pennacook">Pennacook</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arapaho" title="Arapaho">Arapaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beothuk" title="Beothuk">Beothuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_Confederacy" title="Blackfoot Confederacy">Blackfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheyenne" title="Cheyenne">Cheyenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chowanoke" class="mw-redirect" title="Chowanoke">Chowanoke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cree" title="Cree">Cree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gros_Ventre" title="Gros Ventre">Gros Ventre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Confederation" title="Illinois Confederation">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kickapoo_people" title="Kickapoo people">Kickapoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenape" title="Lenape">Lenape</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Munsee" title="Munsee">Munsee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wappinger" title="Wappinger">Wappinger</a></li></ul></li> <li>Unami</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meskwaki" title="Meskwaki">Meskwaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menominee" title="Menominee">Menominee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahican" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahican">Mahican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maliseet" class="mw-redirect" title="Maliseet">Maliseet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mascouten" title="Mascouten">Mascouten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusett" title="Massachusett">Massachusett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattabesic" class="mw-redirect" title="Mattabesic">Mattabesic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wangunk" title="Wangunk">Mattabessett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podunk_people" title="Podunk people">Podunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunxis" title="Tunxis">Tunxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Hill_Paugussett_Indian_Nation" title="Golden Hill Paugussett Indian Nation">Paugussett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinnipiac" title="Quinnipiac">Quinnipiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metoac" title="Metoac">Unquachog</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami_people" title="Miami people">Miami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%27kmaq" title="Mi'kmaq">Mi'kmaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montaukett" title="Montaukett">Montaukett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohegan" title="Mohegan">Mohegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanticoke_people" title="Nanticoke people">Nanticoke</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piscataway_people" title="Piscataway people">Piscataway</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nacotchtank" title="Nacotchtank">Nacotchtank</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narragansett_people" title="Narragansett people">Narragansett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niantic_people" title="Niantic people">Niantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipissing_First_Nation" title="Nipissing First Nation">Nipissing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipmuc" title="Nipmuc">Nipmuc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odawa" title="Odawa">Odawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe" title="Ojibwe">Ojibwe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mississaugas" title="Mississaugas">Mississauga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passamaquoddy" title="Passamaquoddy">Passamaquoddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penobscot" title="Penobscot">Penobscot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pequot" class="mw-redirect" title="Pequot">Pequot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potawatomi" title="Potawatomi">Potawatomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powhatan" title="Powhatan">Powhatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauk_people" title="Sauk people">Sauk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawnee" title="Shawnee">Shawnee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chalahgawtha" title="Chalahgawtha">Chalahgawtha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hathawekela" title="Hathawekela">Hathawekela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kispoko" title="Kispoko">Kispoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mekoche" title="Mekoche">Mekoche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekowi" title="Pekowi">Pekowi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secotan" title="Secotan">Secotan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roanoke_people" title="Roanoke people">Roanoke people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatan" title="Croatan">Croatan</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wampanoag" title="Wampanoag">Wampanoag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapemeoc_Indians" title="Weapemeoc Indians">Weapemeoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plains_Cree_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Plains Cree people">Plains Cree</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algonquian_peoples&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Doctors <a href="/wiki/Dean_R._Snow" class="mw-redirect" title="Dean R. Snow">Dean R. Snow</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_A._Starna" title="William A. Starna">William A. Starna</a> – Archeologists and historians who have conducted ground-breaking archeological research in the <a href="/wiki/Mohawk_Valley" title="Mohawk Valley">Mohawk Valley</a> and other Algonquian and Iroquoian sites.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagaiguninini" title="Sagaiguninini">Sagaiguninini</a> – An alleged sub-nation that existed at least from 1630 to 1640.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algonquian_peoples&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyclopediavirginia.org/154hpr-5d492058cf8d5c8/">"The towne of Pmeiock"</a>, <i>Encyclopedia Virginia</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStoltz2006" class="citation journal cs1">Stoltz, Julie Ann (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.22191%2Fneha%2Fvol35%2Fiss1%2F30">"Book Review of "The Continuance—An Algonquian Peoples Seminar: Selected Research Papers 2000", edited by Shirley Dunn, 2004, New York State Education Department, Albany, New York, 144 pages, $19.95 (paper)"</a>. <i>Northeast Historical Archaeology</i>. <b>35</b> (1): 201–202. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.22191%2Fneha%2Fvol35%2Fiss1%2F30">10.22191/neha/vol35/iss1/30</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0048-0738">0048-0738</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northeast+Historical+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Book+Review+of+%22The+Continuance%E2%80%94An+Algonquian+Peoples+Seminar%3A+Selected+Research+Papers+2000%22%2C+edited+by+Shirley+Dunn%2C+2004%2C+New+York+State+Education+Department%2C+Albany%2C+New+York%2C+144+pages%2C+%2419.95+%28paper%29.&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=201-202&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.22191%2Fneha%2Fvol35%2Fiss1%2F30&rft.issn=0048-0738&rft.aulast=Stoltz&rft.aufirst=Julie+Ann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.22191%252Fneha%252Fvol35%252Fiss1%252F30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlgonquian+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRasterHill2016" class="citation journal cs1">Raster, Amanda; Hill, Christina Gish (2016-05-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/language_pubs/154">"The dispute over wild rice: an investigation of treaty agreements and Ojibwe food sovereignty"</a>. <i>Agriculture and Human Values</i>. <b>34</b> (2): 267–281. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10460-016-9703-6">10.1007/s10460-016-9703-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0889-048X">0889-048X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55940408">55940408</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Agriculture+and+Human+Values&rft.atitle=The+dispute+over+wild+rice%3A+an+investigation+of+treaty+agreements+and+Ojibwe+food+sovereignty&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=267-281&rft.date=2016-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A55940408%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0889-048X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10460-016-9703-6&rft.aulast=Raster&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft.au=Hill%2C+Christina+Gish&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flib.dr.iastate.edu%2Flanguage_pubs%2F154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlgonquian+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aaanativearts.com/native-american-tribes-by-region/eastern-woodland-northeast-tribes/algonquin-tribe">"Algonquin Indians"</a>. <i>AAA Native Arts</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-04-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AAA+Native+Arts&rft.atitle=Algonquin+Indians&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aaanativearts.com%2Fnative-american-tribes-by-region%2Feastern-woodland-northeast-tribes%2Falgonquin-tribe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlgonquian+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mark Kurlansky, 2006 <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (December 2013)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dreibelbis, 1978 , page 33</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.know.cf/enciclopedia/en/Algonquian_peoples">"Algonquian peoples"</a>. <i>www.know.cf</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-04-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.know.cf&rft.atitle=Algonquian+peoples&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.know.cf%2Fenciclopedia%2Fen%2FAlgonquian_peoples&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlgonquian+peoples" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stevenson W. Fletcher, <i>Pennsylvania Agriculture and Country Life 1640-1840</i> (Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1950), 2, 35-37, 63-65, 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDay,_Gordon_M.1953" class="citation journal cs1">Day, Gordon M. (1953). "The Indian as an Ecological Factor in the Northeastern Forests". <i>Ecology</i>. <b>34</b> (2): 329–346. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1930900">10.2307/1930900</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1930900">1930900</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=The+Indian+as+an+Ecological+Factor+in+the+Northeastern+Forests&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=329-346&rft.date=1953&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1930900&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1930900%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Day%2C+Gordon+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlgonquian+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>New England and New York areas 1580-1800</i>, 1953. Note: The Lenni Lenape (Delaware) in New Jersey and the Massachuset in Massachusetts used fire in ecosystems</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Russell, Emily W.B. <i>Vegetational Change in Northern New Jersey Since 1500 A.D.: A Palynological, Vegetational and Historical Synthesis</i>, Ph.D. dissertation. New Brunswick, PA: Rutgers University. Author notes on page 8 that Indians often augmented lightning fires. 1979</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussell,_Emily_W.B.1983" class="citation journal cs1">Russell, Emily W.B. (1983). "Indian Set Fires in the Forests of the Northeastern United States". <i>Ecology</i>. <b>64</b> (1): 78–88. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1937331">10.2307/1937331</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1937331">1937331</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecology&rft.atitle=Indian+Set+Fires+in+the+Forests+of+the+Northeastern+United+States&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=78-88&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1937331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1937331%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Russell%2C+Emily+W.B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlgonquian+peoples" class="Z3988"></span> Author found no strong evidence that Indians purposely burned large areas, but they did burn small areas near their habitation sites. Noted that the Lenna Lenape used fire.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gowans, William. "A Brief Description of New York, Formerly Called New Netherland with the Places Thereunto Adjoining, Likewise a Brief Relation of the Customs of the Indians There." New York, NY: 1670. Reprinted in 1937 by the Facsimile Text Society, Columbia University Press, New York. Notes that the Lenni Lenape (Delaware) in New Jersey used fire in ecosystems.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cronon-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cronon_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cronon_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCronon1983" class="citation book cs1">Cronon, William (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AHclmuykdBQC&q=%2241%22+%22287%22&pg=PT57"><i>Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England</i></a>. New York: Hill and Wang. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8090-0158-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8090-0158-3"><bdi>978-0-8090-0158-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Changes+in+the+Land%3A+Indians%2C+Colonists%2C+and+the+Ecology+of+New+England&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Hill+and+Wang&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-8090-0158-3&rft.aulast=Cronon&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAHclmuykdBQC%26q%3D%252241%2522%2B%2522287%2522%26pg%3DPT57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlgonquian+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meskwaki-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Meskwaki_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meskwaki_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200412195746/https://meskwaki.org/about-us/history/">"History | Meskwaki Nation"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meskwaki.org/about-us/history/">the original</a> on 2020-04-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-04-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+%7C+Meskwaki+Nation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmeskwaki.org%2Fabout-us%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlgonquian+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tolatsga.org/ojib.html">"Ojibwe"</a>. <i>www.tolatsga.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-04-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tolatsga.org&rft.atitle=Ojibwe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tolatsga.org%2Fojib.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlgonquian+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algonquian_peoples&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Melissa Otis, <i>Rural Indigenousness: A History of Iroquoian and Algonquian Peoples of the Adirondacks.</i> Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2018.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algonquian_peoples&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Algonquian_peoples" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Algonquian peoples">Algonquian peoples</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1621197#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000250909&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Algonquian_peoples&oldid=1254365176">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Algonquian_peoples&oldid=1254365176</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Algonquian_peoples" title="Category:Algonquian peoples">Algonquian peoples</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Northeastern_Woodlands" title="Category:Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands">Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Great_Lakes_tribes" title="Category:Great Lakes tribes">Great Lakes tribes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indigenous_peoples_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Indigenous peoples in the United States">Indigenous peoples in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:First_Nations_in_Ontario" title="Category:First Nations in Ontario">First Nations in Ontario</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:First_Nations_in_Quebec" title="Category:First Nations in Quebec">First Nations in Quebec</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:First_Nations_in_Atlantic_Canada" title="Category:First Nations in Atlantic Canada">First Nations in Atlantic Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:First_Nations_in_Alberta" title="Category:First Nations in Alberta">First Nations in Alberta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:First_Nations_in_Saskatchewan" title="Category:First Nations in Saskatchewan">First Nations in Saskatchewan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:First_Nations_in_Manitoba" title="Category:First Nations in Manitoba">First Nations in Manitoba</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Native_American_tribes_in_North_Carolina" title="Category:Native American tribes in North Carolina">Native American tribes in North Carolina</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_December_2013" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from December 2013">Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from December 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_October_2023" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from October 2023">Articles with dead external links from October 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_March_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from March 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2021" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2021">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 30 October 2024, at 17:14<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Algonquian_peoples&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-ps8jv","wgBackendResponseTime":165,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.453","walltime":"0.604","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2353,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":35514,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4564,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":19,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":8,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":42640,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 506.389 1 -total"," 37.29% 188.808 1 Template:Reflist"," 20.84% 105.543 4 Template:Cite_journal"," 17.23% 87.263 1 Template:Authority_control"," 16.76% 84.888 1 Template:Short_description"," 15.25% 77.240 6 Template:Fix"," 13.00% 65.825 4 Template:Citation_needed"," 7.96% 40.330 2 Template:Pagetype"," 7.18% 36.377 12 Template:Category_handler"," 5.37% 27.204 1 Template:Commons_category-inline"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.257","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5918991,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-n7l2w","timestamp":"20241122141143","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Algonquian peoples","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Algonquian_peoples","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1621197","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1621197","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-10-26T22:19:58Z","dateModified":"2024-10-30T17:14:57Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/19\/Algonquian_langs.png","headline":"ethnic group of Native Americans"}</script> </body> </html>