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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#18th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 18th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-18th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 19th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th–21st_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th–21st_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 20th–21st centuries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th–21st_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Geology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Administrative divisions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Race_and_ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Race_and_ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Race and ethnicity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Race_and_ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Taxation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Taxation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Agriculture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Tourism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.1 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performance_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performance_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.2 Performance arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performance_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Infrastructure </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Infrastructure subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Energy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Transportation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-International_crossings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_crossings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.1 International crossings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_crossings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railroads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railroads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.2 Railroads </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railroads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roadways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roadways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.3 Roadways </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roadways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intercity_bus_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intercity_bus_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.4 Intercity bus services </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intercity_bus_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2.5 Airports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Government </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Government subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-State_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 State government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Law </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_symbols_and_nicknames" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_symbols_and_nicknames"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 State symbols and nicknames </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_symbols_and_nicknames-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Sister regions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Michigan</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 188 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-188" aria-hidden="true" > 188 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9A%E1%88%BA%E1%8C%8B%E1%8A%95" title="ሚሺጋን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሚሺጋን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miscegan" title="Miscegan – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Miscegan" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ميشيغان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ميشيغان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%AB%DC%9D%DC%93%DC%A2" title="ܡܫܝܓܢ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܫܝܓܢ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%B7%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A8%D5%B6" title="Միշիկըն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Միշիկըն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mich%C2%B7igan" title="Mich·igan – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Mich·igan" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan_suyu" title="Michigan suyu – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Michigan suyu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C3%A7iqan" title="Miçiqan – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Miçiqan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86" title="میشیقان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="میشیقان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="মিশিগান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মিশিগান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мічыган – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мічыган" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мічыган – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мічыган" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8" title="मिशिगन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मिशिगन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мичиган – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мичиган" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%85%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B7%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="མི་ཅི་གྷན། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མི་ཅི་གྷན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мичиган – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Мичиган" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мичиган – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Мичиган" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%DD%A3%D9%86" title="ميشيݣن – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ميشيݣن" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilk%CA%BCisch%C3%AD%C3%ADt%C3%B3_Hahoodzo" title="Dilkʼischíító Hahoodzo – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Dilkʼischíító Hahoodzo" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BD" title="Μίσιγκαν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μίσιγκαν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ACchigan" title="Mìchigan – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Mìchigan" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ADchigan" title="Míchigan – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Míchigan" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C4%89igano" title="Miĉigano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Miĉigano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="میشیگان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="میشیگان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ADchigan" title="Míchigan – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Míchigan" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B2%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BD" title="𐌼𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌽 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌼𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌽" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84%EC%A3%BC" title="미시간주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미시간주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikikana" title="Mikikana – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Mikikana" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%B9%D5%AB%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Միչիգան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միչիգան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8" title="मिशिगन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मिशिगन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="মিশিগান – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মিশিগান" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misrigi%C3%B1" title="Misrigiñ – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Misrigiñ" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мичиган – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Мичиган" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMishigeni" title="IMishigeni – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IMishigeni" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%92%D7%9F" title="מישיגן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מישיגן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mizigaanii" title="Mizigaanii – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Mizigaanii" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="მიჩიგანის შტატი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მიჩიგანის შტატი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мичиган – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мичиган" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michig%C3%A0n" title="Michigàn – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Michigàn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Мичиган (штат) – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мичиган (штат)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мичиган – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Мичиган" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B4%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%99" title="ລັດມິຊິແກນ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ລັດມິຊິແກນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigania" title="Michigania – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Michigania" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C4%8Digana" title="Mičigana – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mičigana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C4%8Diganas" title="Mičiganas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mičiganas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8" title="मिचिगन – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="मिचिगन" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Мичиген – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мичиген" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%BA" title="മിഷിഗൺ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മിഷിഗൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehekina" title="Mehekina – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Mehekina" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8" title="मिशिगन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मिशिगन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="მიჩიგანიშ შტატი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მიჩიგანიშ შტატი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ميشيجان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ميشيجان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="میشیگان – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="میشیگان" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯃꯤꯆꯤꯒꯥꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯤꯆꯤꯒꯥꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мичиган – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мичиган" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AE%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AE%E1%80%82%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="မီချီဂန်ပြည်နယ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မီချီဂန်ပြည်နယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8" title="मिचिगन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मिचिगन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8" title="मिशिगन – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मिशिगन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%82%B7%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3%E5%B7%9E" title="ミシガン州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ミシガン州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мичиган – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Мичиган" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мичиган – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Мичиган" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A8" title="ਮਿਸ਼ੀਗਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਿਸ਼ੀਗਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8" title="मिसिगन – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="मिसिगन" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%86" title="مشیگن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مشیگن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%86" title="میشیګان – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="میشیګان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C3%A7igan" title="Miçigan – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Miçigan" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan_suyu" title="Michigan suyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Michigan suyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мичиган – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мичиган" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мичиган – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Мичиган" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A8" title="मिशिगन – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मिशिगन" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C3%A7igen" title="Miçigen – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Miçigen" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%8A_%DA%AF%D9%86" title="مشي گن – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مشي گن" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mishiigan" title="Mishiigan – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Mishiigan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="میشیگان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="میشیگان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Мичиген – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мичиген" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="மிச்சிகன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மிச்சிகன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82)" title="Мичиган (штат) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мичиган (штат)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="మిషిగన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మిషిగన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%99" title="รัฐมิชิแกน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐมิชิแกน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мичиган – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Мичиган" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Мічиган – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мічиган" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D9%86" title="مشی گن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مشی گن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%89%DA%86%D9%89%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A6%D9%89%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%89" title="مىچىگان ئىشتاتى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مىچىگان ئىشتاتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E6%AD%87%E6%A0%B9%E5%B7%9E" title="密歇根州 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="密歇根州" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E6%AD%87%E6%A0%B9%E5%B7%9E" title="密歇根州 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="密歇根州" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%92%D7%9F" title="מישיגן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מישיגן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E8%8A%9D%E6%A0%B9%E5%B7%9E" title="密芝根州 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="密芝根州" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%97%C4%8D%C4%97gans" title="Mėčėgans – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Mėčėgans" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E8%A5%BF%E6%A0%B9%E5%B7%9E" title="密西根州 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="密西根州" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Michigan" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micigan" title="Micigan – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Micigan" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1166#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Michigan_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Michigan (disambiguation)">Michigan (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"The Great Lakes State" redirects here. For states around the Great Lakes region, see <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_region" title="Great Lakes region">Great Lakes region</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State in the United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Michigan</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Michigan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Michigan"><img alt="Flag of Michigan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/125px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/188px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/250px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="457" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Michigan" title="Flag of Michigan">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Michigan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Michigan"><img alt="Official seal of Michigan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Seal_of_Michigan.svg/100px-Seal_of_Michigan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Seal_of_Michigan.svg/150px-Seal_of_Michigan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Seal_of_Michigan.svg/200px-Seal_of_Michigan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Michigan" title="Seal of Michigan">Seal</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_nicknames" title="List of U.S. state and territory nicknames">Nicknames</a>: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">"The Great Lakes State", "The Wolverine State", "Water (Winter) Wonderland"</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_mottos" title="List of U.S. state and territory mottos">Motto(s)</a>: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><a href="/wiki/Si_quaeris_peninsulam_amoenam_circumspice" class="mw-redirect" title="Si quaeris peninsulam amoenam circumspice">Si quaeris peninsulam amoenam circumspice</a> (English: "If you seek a pleasant peninsula, look about you")</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_songs" title="List of U.S. state songs">Anthem:</a> "<a href="/wiki/My_Michigan" title="My Michigan">My Michigan</a>"</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Michigan_in_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Michigan within the United States"><img alt="Location of Michigan within the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Michigan_in_United_States.svg/300px-Michigan_in_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Michigan_in_United_States.svg/450px-Michigan_in_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Michigan_in_United_States.svg/600px-Michigan_in_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Michigan within the United States</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Before statehood</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Territory" title="Michigan Territory">Michigan Territory</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_admission_to_the_Union" title="List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union">Admitted to the Union</a></th><td class="infobox-data">January 26, 1837; 188 years ago (1837-01-26) (26th)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">Capital</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lansing,_Michigan" title="Lansing, Michigan">Lansing</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of largest cities of U.S. states and territories by population">Largest city</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_most_populous_counties_by_U.S._state" title="List of the most populous counties by U.S. state">Largest county or equivalent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_Michigan" title="Wayne County, Michigan">Wayne</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Statistical_area_(United_States)" title="Statistical area (United States)">Largest metro</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas" title="List of United States urban areas">urban</a> areas</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Metro_Detroit" title="Metro Detroit">Detroit</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Michigan" title="Governor of Michigan">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gretchen_Whitmer" title="Gretchen Whitmer">Gretchen Whitmer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Michigan" title="Lieutenant Governor of Michigan">Lieutenant Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Garlin_Gilchrist" title="Garlin Gilchrist">Garlin Gilchrist</a> (D)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislature</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Legislature" title="Michigan Legislature">Michigan Legislature</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Upper_house" title="Upper house">Upper house</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Senate" title="Michigan Senate">Senate</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">Lower house</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Michigan_House_of_Representatives" title="Michigan House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary" title="Judiciary">Judiciary</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Supreme_Court" title="Michigan Supreme Court">Michigan Supreme Court</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Michigan" title="List of United States senators from Michigan">U.S. senators</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Peters" title="Gary Peters">Gary Peters</a> (D) <a href="/wiki/Elissa_Slotkin" title="Elissa Slotkin">Elissa Slotkin</a> (D)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Michigan" title="List of United States representatives from Michigan">U.S. House delegation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">7 <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republicans</a> 6 <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democrats</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Michigan" title="United States congressional delegations from Michigan">list</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">96,716 sq mi (250,493 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">58,110 sq mi (150,504 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">38,606 sq mi (99,990 km2)  41.8%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_area" title="List of U.S. states and territories by area">11th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Dimensions<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Length</th><td class="infobox-data">456<a href="#cite_note-MiB-pdf-1">[1]</a> mi (734 km)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Width</th><td class="infobox-data">386<a href="#cite_note-MiB-pdf-1">[1]</a> mi (621 km)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">900 ft (270 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Mount_Arvon" title="Mount Arvon">Mount Arvon</a><a href="#cite_note-USGS-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-3">[a]</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,979 ft (603 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Lake_Erie" title="Lake Erie">Lake Erie</a><a href="#cite_note-USGS-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-3">[a]</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">571 ft (174 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2024)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Neutral increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/11px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/17px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/22px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /> 10,140,459<a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of U.S. states and territories by population">10th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">174/sq mi (67.1/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">  • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States_by_population_density" title="List of states and territories of the United States by population density">17th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">Median household income</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">$71,100 (2023)<a href="#cite_note-5">[4]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Income rank<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_district_by_median_household_income" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. states and district by median household income">32nd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Michigander" title="Michigander">Michigander</a>, Michiganian, Yooper (Upper Peninsula)<a href="#cite_note-yooper-6">[5]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Language<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">Official language</a></th><td class="infobox-data">None (English, de facto)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">Spoken language</a></th><td class="infobox-data">English 91.11% Spanish 3.86% Arabic 1.05% Other 4.92%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zones</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Most of state</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9205:00" title="UTC−05:00">UTC−05:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">Eastern</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9204:00" title="UTC−04:00">UTC−04:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Daylight Time">EDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">4 <a href="/wiki/Upper_Peninsula_of_Michigan" title="Upper Peninsula of Michigan">U.P.</a> counties (<a href="/wiki/Gogebic_County,_Michigan" title="Gogebic County, Michigan">Gogebic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iron_County,_Michigan" title="Iron County, Michigan">Iron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dickinson_County,_Michigan" title="Dickinson County, Michigan">Dickinson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Menominee_County,_Michigan" title="Menominee County, Michigan">Menominee</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9206:00" title="UTC−06:00">UTC−06:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Time_Zone_(North_America)" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Time Zone (North America)">Central</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9205:00" title="UTC−05:00">UTC−05:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Daylight Time">CDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_abbreviations" title="List of U.S. state and territory abbreviations">USPS abbreviation</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">MI</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:US" title="ISO 3166-2:US">US-MI</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_abbreviations" title="List of U.S. state and territory abbreviations">Traditional abbreviation</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Mich.</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Latitude</th><td class="infobox-data">41°41′ N to 48°18′ N</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Longitude</th><td class="infobox-data">82°7′ W to 90°25′ W</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://michigan.gov">michigan.gov</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1141396924">.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-none{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-center{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-title{font-size:120%}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-subheader{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cddeff}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-island{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cef2e0}</style><table class="infobox ib-region-symbols"><caption class="infobox-title">State symbols of Michigan</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:85%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Michigan_state_symbols" title="List of Michigan state symbols">List of state symbols</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid">Living insignia</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_birds" title="List of U.S. state birds">Bird</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/American_robin" title="American robin">American robin</a> (Turdus migratorius)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_fish" title="List of U.S. state fish">Fish</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brook_trout" title="Brook trout">Brook trout</a> (Salvelinus fontinalis)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_flowers" title="List of U.S. state and territory flowers">Flower</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Apple" title="Apple">Apple blossom</a> (Malus domestica) Wildflower: <a href="/wiki/Iris_lacustris" title="Iris lacustris">Dwarf lake iris</a> (Iris lacustris)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_mammals" title="List of U.S. state mammals">Mammal</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Unofficial: <a href="/wiki/Wolverine" title="Wolverine">Wolverine</a> (Gulo gulo luscus) Game animal: <a href="/wiki/White-tailed_deer" title="White-tailed deer">White-tailed deer</a> (Odocoileus virginianus)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_reptiles" title="List of U.S. state reptiles">Reptile</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Painted_turtle" title="Painted turtle">Painted turtle</a> (Chrysemys picta)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_trees" title="List of U.S. state and territory trees">Tree</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pinus_strobus" title="Pinus strobus">Eastern white pine</a> (Pinus strobus)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid">Inanimate insignia</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_foods" title="List of U.S. state foods">Food</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wild_rice" title="Wild rice">Manoomin</a> (state native grain)<a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_fossils" title="List of U.S. state fossils">Fossil</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mastodon" title="Mastodon">Mastodon</a> (Mammut americanum)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_minerals,_rocks,_stones_and_gemstones" title="List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones">Gemstone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chlorastrolite" title="Chlorastrolite">Isle Royale greenstone</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_minerals,_rocks,_stones_and_gemstones" title="List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones">Rock</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Petoskey_stone" title="Petoskey stone">Petoskey stone</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_soils" title="List of U.S. state soils">Soil</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kalkaska_sand" title="Kalkaska sand">Kalkaska sand</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"><a href="/wiki/Numbered_highways_in_the_United_States#State_highways" title="Numbered highways in the United States">State route marker</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:M-28.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Route marker"><img alt="Route marker" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/M-28.svg/85px-M-28.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/M-28.svg/128px-M-28.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/M-28.svg/170px-M-28.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"><a href="/wiki/50_State_quarters" title="50 State quarters">State quarter</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:2004_MI_Proof.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Michigan quarter dollar coin"><img alt="Michigan quarter dollar coin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/2004_MI_Proof.png/85px-2004_MI_Proof.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/2004_MI_Proof.png/128px-2004_MI_Proof.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/2004_MI_Proof.png/169px-2004_MI_Proof.png 2x" data-file-width="922" data-file-height="925" /></a><div>Released in 2004</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_United_States_state_symbols" title="Lists of United States state symbols">Lists of United States state symbols</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Michigan (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈmɪʃɪɡən/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c3\/En-us-Michigan.ogg\/En-us-Michigan.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Michigan.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c3/En-us-Michigan.ogg/En-us-Michigan.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Michigan.ogg" title="File:En-us-Michigan.ogg">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">MISH-ig-ən</a>) is a peninsular <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">state</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_region" title="Great Lakes region">Great Lakes</a> region of the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Midwest" title="Upper Midwest"> Upper Midwestern</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. It shares water and land boundaries with <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a> to the northwest, <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> to the west, <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> to the southwest, <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a> to the southeast, and the Canadian <a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> to the east, northeast and north. With a population of 10.14 million<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a> and an area of 96,716 sq mi (250,490 km2), Michigan is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_population" title="List of U.S. states and territories by population">10th-largest</a> state by population, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_area" title="List of U.S. states and territories by area">11th-largest</a> by area, and the largest by total area east of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[b]</a> The state capital is <a href="/wiki/Lansing,_Michigan" title="Lansing, Michigan">Lansing</a>, while its most populous city is <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Metro_Detroit" title="Metro Detroit">Metro Detroit</a> region in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Michigan" title="Southeast Michigan">Southeast Michigan</a> is among the nation's most populous and largest metropolitan economies. Other important <a href="/wiki/List_of_Michigan_metropolitan_areas" title="List of Michigan metropolitan areas">metropolitan areas</a> include <a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids_metropolitan_area" title="Grand Rapids metropolitan area">Grand Rapids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genesee_County,_Michigan" title="Genesee County, Michigan">Flint</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washtenaw_County,_Michigan" title="Washtenaw County, Michigan">Ann Arbor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalamazoo%E2%80%93Portage_metropolitan_area" title="Kalamazoo–Portage metropolitan area">Kalamazoo</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Saginaw,_Midland,_and_Bay_City_metropolitan_area" title="Saginaw, Midland, and Bay City metropolitan area">Tri-Cities</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Muskegon_County,_Michigan" title="Muskegon County, Michigan">Muskegon</a>. Michigan consists of two peninsulas: the heavily forested <a href="/wiki/Upper_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Peninsula">Upper Peninsula</a> (commonly called "the U.P."), which juts eastward from northern Wisconsin, and the more populated Lower Peninsula, stretching north from Ohio and Indiana. The peninsulas are separated by the <a href="/wiki/Straits_of_Mackinac" title="Straits of Mackinac">Straits of Mackinac</a>, which connects Lake Michigan and Lake Huron, and are linked by the 5-mile-long <a href="/wiki/Mackinac_Bridge" title="Mackinac Bridge">Mackinac Bridge</a> along <a href="/wiki/Interstate_75" title="Interstate 75">Interstate 75</a>. Bordering four of the five <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake_St._Clair" title="Lake St. Clair">Lake St. Clair</a>, Michigan has the longest <a href="/wiki/Freshwater" class="mw-redirect" title="Freshwater">freshwater</a> coastline of any U.S. political subdivision, measuring 3,288 miles.<a href="#cite_note-NOAA-CRM-11">[9]</a> The state ranks second behind <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> in water coverage by square miles and first in percentage, with approximately 42%, and it also contains 64,980 <a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Michigan" title="List of lakes of Michigan">inland lakes and ponds</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[11]</a> In the 17th century, French explorers claimed the Great Lakes region for <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a>, though the area had largely been inhabited for thousands of years by Indigenous peoples such as the <a href="/wiki/Ojibwe" title="Ojibwe">Ojibwe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odawa" title="Odawa">Odawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Potawatomi" title="Potawatomi">Potawatomi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wyandot_people" title="Wyandot people">Wyandot</a>. French settlers and <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tis" title="Métis">Métis</a> established forts and settlements, with the region’s name derived from the Ojibwe word ᒥᓯᑲᒥ (mishigami),<a href="#cite_note-14">[c]</a> meaning "large water" or "large lake".<a href="#cite_note-MiB-pdf-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[12]</a> After France's defeat in the <a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a> in 1762, the area came under British control and later the U.S. following the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris (1783)</a>, though control remained disputed with Indigenous tribes until treaties between 1795 and 1842. The area was part of the larger <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territory" title="Northwest Territory">Northwest Territory</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Territory" title="Michigan Territory">Michigan Territory</a> was organized in 1805. Michigan was <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_admission_to_the_Union" title="List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union">admitted</a> as the 26th state on January 26, 1837, entering as a <a href="/wiki/Slave_states_and_free_states" title="Slave states and free states">free state</a> and quickly developing into an industrial and trade hub that attracted European immigrants, particularly from <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[13]</a> In the 1930s, migration from <a href="/wiki/Appalachia" title="Appalachia">Appalachia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Great_Migration_(African_American)" title="Great Migration (African American)">Great Migration</a> of <a href="/wiki/Black_Southerners" title="Black Southerners">Black Southerners</a> further shaped the state, especially in Metro Detroit.<a href="#cite_note-17">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[15]</a> Michigan has a diversified economy with a gross state product of $711.481 billion as of Q3 2024, ranking <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_GDP" title="List of U.S. states and territories by GDP">14th</a> among the 50 states.<a href="#cite_note-19">[16]</a> Although the state has developed a diverse economy, in the early 20th century it became widely known as the center of the <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Automotive industry in the United States">U.S. automotive industry</a>, which developed as a major national economic force. It is home to the country's <a href="/wiki/Big_Three_(automobile_manufacturers)" title="Big Three (automobile manufacturers)">three major automobile companies</a> (whose headquarters are all in Metro Detroit). Once exploited for logging and mining, today the sparsely populated Upper Peninsula is important for tourism because of its abundance of natural resources.<a href="#cite_note-20">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[18]</a> The Lower Peninsula is a center of <a href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">manufacturing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forestry" title="Forestry">forestry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Service_(economics)" title="Service (economics)">services</a>, and <a href="/wiki/High-tech" class="mw-redirect" title="High-tech">high-tech</a> industry. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Michigan" title="History of Michigan">History of Michigan</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Michigan_history" title="Timeline of Michigan history">Timeline of Michigan history</a>.</div> When the first European explorers arrived, the most populous tribes were the <a href="/wiki/Algonquian_peoples" title="Algonquian peoples">Algonquian peoples</a>, which include the <a href="/wiki/Anishinaabe" title="Anishinaabe">Anishinaabe</a> groups of <a href="/wiki/Ojibwe" title="Ojibwe">Ojibwe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_(tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottawa (tribe)">Odaawaa/Odawa (Ottawa)</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Potawatomi" title="Potawatomi">Boodewaadamii/Bodéwadmi (Potawatomi)</a>. The three nations coexisted peacefully as part of a loose confederation called the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Three_Fires" title="Council of Three Fires">Council of Three Fires</a>. The Ojibwe, whose numbers are estimated to have been at least 35,000, were the largest.<a href="#cite_note-22">[19]</a> The Ojibwe Indians (also known as Chippewa in the U.S.), an Anishinaabe tribe, were established in Michigan's Upper Peninsula and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Michigan" title="Northern Michigan">northern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Michigan" title="Central Michigan">central Michigan</a>. Bands also inhabited <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> and southern <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a>, Canada; and northern <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>, and northern and north-central <a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a>. The Ottawa Indians lived primarily south of the <a href="/wiki/Straits_of_Mackinac" title="Straits of Mackinac">Straits of Mackinac</a> in northern, <a href="/wiki/Western_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Michigan">western</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Michigan" title="Southern Michigan">southern Michigan</a>, but also in southern Ontario, northern Ohio, and eastern Wisconsin. The Potawatomi were in southern and western Michigan, in addition to northern and central Indiana, northern Illinois, southern Wisconsin, and southern Ontario. Other Algonquian tribes in Michigan, in the south and east, were the <a href="/wiki/Mascouten" title="Mascouten">Mascouten</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Menominee" title="Menominee">Menominee</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Miami_(tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Miami (tribe)">Miami</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sac_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sac people">Sac</a> (or Sauk), and the <a href="/wiki/Meskwaki" title="Meskwaki">Meskwaki (Fox)</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Wyandot_people" title="Wyandot people">Wyandot</a> were an Iroquoian-speaking people in this area; they were historically known as the Huron by the French, and were the historical adversaries of the <a href="/wiki/Iroquois_Confederation" class="mw-redirect" title="Iroquois Confederation">Iroquois Confederation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-23">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="17th_century">17th century</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canada_(New_France)" title="Canada (New France)">Canada (New France)</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti 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.trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:212px;max-width:212px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:210px;max-width:210px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:131px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Michigan_Territory_1818-1833.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Michigan_Territory_1818-1833.png/208px-Michigan_Territory_1818-1833.png" decoding="async" width="208" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Michigan_Territory_1818-1833.png/312px-Michigan_Territory_1818-1833.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Michigan_Territory_1818-1833.png/416px-Michigan_Territory_1818-1833.png 2x" data-file-width="1437" data-file-height="910" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:210px;max-width:210px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:115px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Michigan_Territory_1833-1836.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Michigan_Territory_1833-1836.png/208px-Michigan_Territory_1833-1836.png" decoding="async" width="208" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Michigan_Territory_1833-1836.png/312px-Michigan_Territory_1833-1836.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Michigan_Territory_1833-1836.png/416px-Michigan_Territory_1833-1836.png 2x" data-file-width="1633" data-file-height="910" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:210px;max-width:210px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:112px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Michigan_and_Wisconsin_Territories_1836.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Michigan_and_Wisconsin_Territories_1836.png/208px-Michigan_and_Wisconsin_Territories_1836.png" decoding="async" width="208" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Michigan_and_Wisconsin_Territories_1836.png/312px-Michigan_and_Wisconsin_Territories_1836.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Michigan_and_Wisconsin_Territories_1836.png/416px-Michigan_and_Wisconsin_Territories_1836.png 2x" data-file-width="1676" data-file-height="910" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Territorial changes of the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Territory" title="Michigan Territory">Michigan Territory</a> from 1818 to 1836</div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pere_Marquette.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Pere_Marquette.JPG/220px-Pere_Marquette.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Pere_Marquette.JPG/330px-Pere_Marquette.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Pere_Marquette.JPG/440px-Pere_Marquette.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2096" data-file-height="1686" /></a><figcaption>Père Marquette and the Indians (1869), by Wilhelm Lamprecht</figcaption></figure> French <a href="/wiki/Voyageurs" title="Voyageurs">voyageurs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coureur_des_bois" title="Coureur des bois">coureurs des bois</a> explored and settled in Michigan in the 17th century. The first Europeans to reach what became Michigan were those of <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Br%C3%BBl%C3%A9" title="Étienne Brûlé">Étienne Brûlé</a>'s expedition in 1622. The first permanent European settlement was founded in 1668 on the site where Père <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Marquette" title="Jacques Marquette">Jacques Marquette</a> established <a href="/wiki/Sault_Ste._Marie,_Michigan" title="Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan">Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan</a>, as a base for Catholic missions.<a href="#cite_note-24">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[22]</a> Missionaries in 1671–75 founded outlying stations at <a href="/wiki/Saint_Ignace,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Ignace, Michigan">Saint Ignace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marquette,_Michigan" title="Marquette, Michigan">Marquette</a>. Jesuit missionaries were well received by the area's Indian populations, with few difficulties or hostilities. In 1679, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Cavelier,_Sieur_de_la_Salle" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Cavelier, Sieur de la Salle">Robert Cavelier, Sieur de la Salle</a> built <a href="/wiki/Fort_Miami_(Michigan)" title="Fort Miami (Michigan)">Fort Miami</a> at present-day <a href="/wiki/St._Joseph,_Michigan" title="St. Joseph, Michigan">St. Joseph</a>. In 1691, the French established a trading post and Fort St. Joseph along the St. Joseph River at the present-day city of <a href="/wiki/Niles,_Michigan" title="Niles, Michigan">Niles</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="18th_century">18th century</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)" title="Treaty of Paris (1763)">Treaty of Paris (1763)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Quebec_(1763%E2%80%931791)" title="Province of Quebec (1763–1791)">Province of Quebec (1763–1791)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Reserve_(1763)" title="Indian Reserve (1763)">Indian Reserve (1763)</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris (1783)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Ordinance" title="Northwest Ordinance">Northwest Ordinance</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territory" title="Northwest Territory">Northwest Territory</a></div> In 1701, French explorer and army officer <a href="/wiki/Antoine_de_la_Mothe_Cadillac" title="Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac">Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac</a> founded <a href="/wiki/Fort_Pontchartrain_du_D%C3%A9troit" title="Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit">Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit</a> or "Fort Pontchartrain on-the-Strait" on the strait, known as the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_River" title="Detroit River">Detroit River</a>, between lakes <a href="/wiki/Lake_Saint_Clair_(North_America)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Saint Clair (North America)">Saint Clair</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Erie" title="Lake Erie">Erie</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Cadillac had convinced <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">King Louis XIV's</a> chief minister, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Ph%C3%A9lypeaux_(1643-1727)" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Phélypeaux (1643-1727)">Louis Phélypeaux, Comte de Pontchartrain</a>, that a permanent community there would strengthen French control over the upper Great Lakes and discourage <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">British</a> aspirations.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The hundred soldiers and workers who accompanied Cadillac built a fort enclosing one <a href="/wiki/Arpent" title="Arpent">arpent</a> (about 0.85 acres (3,400 m2),<a href="#cite_note-tbaytel-26">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-histdet-27">[24]</a> the equivalent of just under 200 feet (61 m) per side) and named it <a href="/wiki/Fort_Pontchartrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Pontchartrain">Fort Pontchartrain</a>. Cadillac's wife, Marie Thérèse Guyon, soon moved to Detroit, becoming one of the first European women to settle in what was considered the wilderness of Michigan. The town quickly became a major <a href="/wiki/Fur_trade" title="Fur trade">fur-trading</a> and shipping post. The <a href="/wiki/Ste._Anne_de_Detroit_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Ste. Anne de Detroit Catholic Church">Église de Saint-Anne</a> (Catholic Church of Saint Anne) was founded the same year.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] While the original building does not survive, the congregation remains active.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Cadillac later departed to serve as the French governor of Louisiana from 1710 to 1716.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] French attempts to consolidate the fur trade led to the <a href="/wiki/Fox_Wars" title="Fox Wars">Fox Wars</a>, in which the Meskwaki (Fox) and their allies fought the French and their Native allies.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] At the same time, the French strengthened <a href="/wiki/Fort_Michilimackinac" title="Fort Michilimackinac">Fort Michilimackinac</a> at the Straits of Mackinac to better control their lucrative fur-trading empire. By the mid-18th century, the French also occupied forts at present-day Niles and Sault Ste. Marie, though most of the rest of the region remained unsettled by Europeans. France offered free land to attract families to Detroit, which grew to 800 people in 1765. It was the largest city between Montreal and New Orleans.<a href="#cite_note-28">[25]</a> French settlers also established small farms south of the Detroit River opposite the fort, near a Jesuit mission and Huron village. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:British_colonies_1763-76_shepherd1923.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/British_colonies_1763-76_shepherd1923.PNG/220px-British_colonies_1763-76_shepherd1923.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/British_colonies_1763-76_shepherd1923.PNG/330px-British_colonies_1763-76_shepherd1923.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/British_colonies_1763-76_shepherd1923.PNG/440px-British_colonies_1763-76_shepherd1923.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1651" data-file-height="1010" /></a><figcaption>Map of <a href="/wiki/British_America" title="British America">British America</a> showing the original boundaries of the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of Quebec">Province of Quebec</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Act_of_1774" class="mw-redirect" title="Quebec Act of 1774">Quebec Act of 1774</a> post-annexation boundaries</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Treaty_of_Paris_by_Benjamin_West_1783.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Treaty_of_Paris_by_Benjamin_West_1783.jpg/220px-Treaty_of_Paris_by_Benjamin_West_1783.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Treaty_of_Paris_by_Benjamin_West_1783.jpg/330px-Treaty_of_Paris_by_Benjamin_West_1783.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Treaty_of_Paris_by_Benjamin_West_1783.jpg/440px-Treaty_of_Paris_by_Benjamin_West_1783.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="932" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(painting)" title="Treaty of Paris (painting)">Treaty of Paris</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_West" title="Benjamin West">Benjamin West</a> (1783), an unfinished painting of the American diplomatic negotiators of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">Treaty of Paris</a> which brought official conclusion to the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">Revolutionary War</a> and gave possession of Michigan and other territory to the new United States</figcaption></figure> From 1660 until the end of French rule, Michigan was part of the Royal Province of <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[d]</a> In 1760, <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> fell to the British forces, ending the <a href="/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a> (1754–1763), the North American front of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a> in Europe. Under the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)" title="Treaty of Paris (1763)">1763 Treaty of Paris</a>, Michigan and the rest of New France east of the Mississippi River were ceded by defeated France to Great Britain.<a href="#cite_note-30">[26]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Act" title="Quebec Act">Quebec Act</a> was passed in 1774, Michigan became part of the British <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Quebec_(1763-1791)" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of Quebec (1763-1791)">Province of Quebec</a>. By 1778, Detroit's population reached 2,144 and it was the third-largest city in Quebec province.<a href="#cite_note-31">[27]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>, Detroit was an important British supply center. Most of the inhabitants were French-Canadians or American Indians, many of whom had been allied with the French because of long trading ties. Because of imprecise cartography and unclear language defining the boundaries in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1783)" title="Treaty of Paris (1783)">1783 Treaty of Paris</a>, the British retained control of Detroit and Michigan after the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>. When Quebec split into Lower and Upper Canada in 1791, Michigan was part of <a href="/wiki/Kent_County,_Ontario" title="Kent County, Ontario">Kent County</a>, Upper Canada. It held its first democratic elections in August 1792 to send delegates to the new provincial parliament at Newark (now <a href="/wiki/Niagara-on-the-Lake,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario">Niagara-on-the-Lake</a>).<a href="#cite_note-SFarmer-32">[28]</a> Under terms negotiated in the 1794 <a href="/wiki/Jay_Treaty" title="Jay Treaty">Jay Treaty</a>, Britain withdrew from Detroit and Michilimackinac in 1796. It retained control of territory east and south of the Detroit River, which are now included in Ontario, Canada. Questions remained over the boundary for many years, and the United States did not have uncontested control of the Upper Peninsula and <a href="/wiki/Drummond_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Drummond Island">Drummond Island</a> until 1818 and 1847, respectively. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Territory" title="Indiana Territory">Indiana Territory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organic_act#List_of_organic_acts" title="Organic act">Organic act § List of organic acts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Territory" title="Michigan Territory">Michigan Territory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Admission_to_the_Union" title="Admission to the Union">Admission to the Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_admission_to_the_Union" title="List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union">List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Michigan_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Michigan in the American Civil War">Michigan in the American Civil War</a></div> During the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>, the United States forces at Fort Detroit surrendered <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Territory" title="Michigan Territory">Michigan Territory</a> (effectively consisting of Detroit and the surrounding area) after a nearly bloodless <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Detroit" title="Siege of Detroit">siege</a> in 1812. A U.S. attempt to retake Detroit resulted in a severe American defeat in the <a href="/wiki/River_Raisin_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="River Raisin Massacre">River Raisin Massacre</a>. This battle, still ranked as the bloodiest ever fought in the state, had the highest number of American casualties of any battle of the war. Michigan was recaptured by the Americans in 1813 after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lake_Erie" title="Battle of Lake Erie">Battle of Lake Erie</a>. They used Michigan as a base to launch an invasion of Canada, which culminated in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Thames" title="Battle of the Thames">Battle of the Thames</a>. But the more northern areas of Michigan were held by the British until the peace treaty restored the old boundaries. A number of forts, including <a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne_(Detroit)" title="Fort Wayne (Detroit)">Fort Wayne</a>, were built by the United States in Michigan during the 19th century out of fears of renewed fighting with Britain. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detroit_in_1820_and_steamboat_Walk-in-the-Water.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Detroit_in_1820_and_steamboat_Walk-in-the-Water.jpg/220px-Detroit_in_1820_and_steamboat_Walk-in-the-Water.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Detroit_in_1820_and_steamboat_Walk-in-the-Water.jpg/330px-Detroit_in_1820_and_steamboat_Walk-in-the-Water.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Detroit_in_1820_and_steamboat_Walk-in-the-Water.jpg/440px-Detroit_in_1820_and_steamboat_Walk-in-the-Water.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8664" data-file-height="5064" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Walk-in-the-Water" title="Walk-in-the-Water">Walk-in-the-Water</a> steamboat at Detroit, 1820</figcaption></figure> Michigan Territory governor and judges established the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a> in 1817, as the Catholepistemiad, or the University of Michigania.<a href="#cite_note-33">[29]</a> The population grew slowly until the opening in 1825 of the <a href="/wiki/Erie_Canal" title="Erie Canal">Erie Canal</a> through the Mohawk Valley in New York, connecting the Great Lakes to the Hudson River and New York City.<a href="#cite_note-34">[30]</a> The new route attracted a large influx of settlers to the Michigan territory. They worked as farmers, lumbermen, shipbuilders, and merchants and shipped out grain, lumber, and iron ore. By the 1830s, Michigan had 30,000 residents, more than enough to apply and qualify for statehood.<a href="#cite_note-35">[31]</a> On November 1, 1935, the U.S. Post Office issued a commemorative 3-cent stamp celebrating the 100th anniversary of Michigan statehood. Michigan's statehood, however, wasn't officially established until January 26, 1837, but since the campaign for statehood actually began in 1835, Michigan chose to hold its centennial celebration in 1935, the year the stamp was first issued.<a href="#cite_note-centennial-36">[32]</a> A constitutional convention of assent was held to lead the territory to statehood.<a href="#cite_note-Progress-37">[33]</a> In October 1835 the people approved the constitution of 1835, thereby forming a state government. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congressional</a> recognition was delayed pending resolution of a boundary dispute with <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Toledo_War" title="Toledo War">Toledo War</a>. Congress awarded the "Toledo Strip" to Ohio. Michigan received the western part of the Upper Peninsula as a concession and formally entered the Union as a <a href="/wiki/Slave_and_free_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Slave and free states">free state</a> on January 26, 1837. The Upper Peninsula proved to be a rich source of lumber, iron, and copper. Michigan led the nation in lumber production from the 1850s to the 1880s. <a href="/wiki/History_of_railroads_in_Michigan" title="History of railroads in Michigan">Railroads</a> became a major engine of growth from the 1850s onward, with <a href="/wiki/History_of_Detroit" title="History of Detroit">Detroit the chief hub</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Co._D,_21st_Michigan_Infantry._Sherman%27s_Volunteers_MET_DP70807.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Co._D%2C_21st_Michigan_Infantry._Sherman%27s_Volunteers_MET_DP70807.jpg/220px-Co._D%2C_21st_Michigan_Infantry._Sherman%27s_Volunteers_MET_DP70807.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Co._D%2C_21st_Michigan_Infantry._Sherman%27s_Volunteers_MET_DP70807.jpg/330px-Co._D%2C_21st_Michigan_Infantry._Sherman%27s_Volunteers_MET_DP70807.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Co._D%2C_21st_Michigan_Infantry._Sherman%27s_Volunteers_MET_DP70807.jpg/440px-Co._D%2C_21st_Michigan_Infantry._Sherman%27s_Volunteers_MET_DP70807.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2710" data-file-height="2069" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/21st_Michigan_Infantry_Regiment" title="21st Michigan Infantry Regiment">21st Michigan Infantry</a>, a company of <a href="/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman" title="William Tecumseh Sherman">William Tecumseh Sherman</a>'s veterans</figcaption></figure> A second wave of French-Canadian immigrants settled in Michigan during the late 19th to early 20th century, working in lumbering areas in counties on the Lake Huron side of the Lower Peninsula, such as the Saginaw Valley, Alpena, and Cheboygan counties, as well as throughout the Upper Peninsula, with large concentrations in Escanaba and the <a href="/wiki/Keweenaw_Peninsula" title="Keweenaw Peninsula">Keweenaw Peninsula</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[34]</a> The first statewide meeting of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the United States Republican Party">Republican Party</a> took place on July 6, 1854, in <a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Michigan" title="Jackson, Michigan">Jackson, Michigan</a>, where the party adopted its platform.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The state was predominantly Republican until the 1930s, reflecting the political continuity of migrants from across the Northern Tier of New England and New York.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Michigan made <a href="/wiki/Michigan_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Michigan in the American Civil War">a significant contribution</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a> in the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> and sent more than forty regiments of volunteers to the federal armies.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Michigan modernized and expanded its system of education in this period.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The Michigan State Normal School, now <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Michigan_University" title="Eastern Michigan University">Eastern Michigan University</a>, was founded in 1849, for the training of teachers.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] It was the fourth oldest <a href="/wiki/Normal_school" title="Normal school">normal school</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and the first <a href="/wiki/Normal_school#United_States" title="Normal school">U.S. normal school</a> outside <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 1899, the Michigan State Normal School became the first normal school in the nation to offer a four-year curriculum. Michigan Agricultural College (1855), now <a href="/wiki/Michigan_State_University" title="Michigan State University">Michigan State University</a> in <a href="/wiki/East_Lansing,_Michigan" title="East Lansing, Michigan">East Lansing</a>, was founded as the first <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_college" class="mw-redirect" title="Agricultural college">agricultural college</a> in the nation.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Many private colleges were founded as well, and the smaller cities established high schools late in the century.<a href="#cite_note-39">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th–21st_centuries">20th–21st centuries</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TamarackMiners_CopperCountryMI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/TamarackMiners_CopperCountryMI.jpg/220px-TamarackMiners_CopperCountryMI.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/TamarackMiners_CopperCountryMI.jpg/330px-TamarackMiners_CopperCountryMI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/TamarackMiners_CopperCountryMI.jpg/440px-TamarackMiners_CopperCountryMI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1661" /></a><figcaption>Miners at the <a href="/wiki/Tamarack_mine" title="Tamarack mine">Tamarack mine</a> in <a href="/wiki/Copper_Country" title="Copper Country">Copper Country</a>, in 1905</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detroit_Skyline_1942d.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Detroit_Skyline_1942d.jpg/220px-Detroit_Skyline_1942d.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Detroit_Skyline_1942d.jpg/330px-Detroit_Skyline_1942d.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Detroit_Skyline_1942d.jpg/440px-Detroit_Skyline_1942d.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8152" data-file-height="4560" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a> in the mid-twentieth century. At the time, the city was the fourth-largest U.S. metropolis by population, and held about one-third of the state's population.</figcaption></figure> Michigan's economy underwent a transformation at the turn of the 20th century. Many individuals, including <a href="/wiki/Ransom_E._Olds" title="Ransom E. Olds">Ransom E. Olds</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Francis_Dodge" title="John Francis Dodge">John</a> and <a href="/wiki/Horace_Elgin_Dodge" title="Horace Elgin Dodge">Horace Dodge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Leland" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Leland">Henry Leland</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Dunbar_Buick" title="David Dunbar Buick">David Dunbar Buick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Bourne_Joy" title="Henry Bourne Joy">Henry Joy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Brady_King" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Brady King">Charles King</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford" title="Henry Ford">Henry Ford</a>, provided the concentration of engineering know-how and technological enthusiasm to develop the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_automobile" title="History of the automobile">automotive industry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[36]</a> Ford's development of the moving <a href="/wiki/Assembly_line" title="Assembly line">assembly line</a> in <a href="/wiki/Highland_Park,_Michigan" title="Highland Park, Michigan">Highland Park</a> marked a new era in transportation.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Like the <a href="/wiki/Steamship" title="Steamship">steamship</a> and railroad, mass production of automobiles was a far-reaching development. More than the forms of public transportation, the affordable automobile transformed private life. Automobile production became the major industry of Detroit and Michigan, and permanently altered the socioeconomic life of the United States and much of the world.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] With the growth, the auto industry created jobs in Detroit that attracted immigrants from Europe and migrants from across the United States, including both blacks and whites from the rural <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] By 1920, Detroit was the fourth-largest city in the U.S..[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Residential housing was in short supply, and it took years for the market to catch up with the population boom.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] By the 1930s, so many immigrants had arrived that more than 30 languages were spoken in the public schools, and <a href="/wiki/Ethnic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic">ethnic</a> communities celebrated in annual heritage festivals.<a href="#cite_note-41">[37]</a> Over the years immigrants and migrants contributed greatly to Detroit's diverse urban culture, including popular music trends. The influential <a href="/wiki/Motown" title="Motown">Motown Sound</a> of the 1960s was led by a variety of individual singers and groups.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan" title="Grand Rapids, Michigan">Grand Rapids</a>, the second-largest city in Michigan also became an important center of manufacturing. Since 1838, the city has been noted for its furniture industry.<a href="#cite_note-42">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[39]</a> In the 21st century, it is home to five of the world's leading office furniture companies. Grand Rapids is home to a number of major companies including <a href="/wiki/Steelcase" title="Steelcase">Steelcase</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amway" title="Amway">Amway</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Meijer" title="Meijer">Meijer</a>. Grand Rapids is also an important center for <a href="/wiki/GE_Aviation_Systems" title="GE Aviation Systems">GE Aviation Systems</a>. Michigan held its first <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_primary" title="United States presidential primary">United States presidential primary</a> election in 1910.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] With its rapid growth in industry, it was an important center of industry-wide union organizing, such as the rise of the <a href="/wiki/United_Auto_Workers" title="United Auto Workers">United Auto Workers</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 1920 <a href="/wiki/WWJ_(AM)" title="WWJ (AM)">WWJ (AM)</a> in Detroit became the first radio station in the United States to regularly broadcast commercial programs. Throughout that decade, some of the country's largest and most ornate <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Detroit" title="List of tallest buildings in Detroit">skyscrapers</a> were built in the city. Particularly noteworthy are the <a href="/wiki/Fisher_Building" title="Fisher Building">Fisher Building</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cadillac_Place" title="Cadillac Place">Cadillac Place</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Guardian_Building" title="Guardian Building">Guardian Building</a>, each of which has been designated as a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">National Historic Landmark</a> (NHL). <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:3c_Michigan_Centenary_state_seal,_1935_issue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/3c_Michigan_Centenary_state_seal%2C_1935_issue.jpg/290px-3c_Michigan_Centenary_state_seal%2C_1935_issue.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/3c_Michigan_Centenary_state_seal%2C_1935_issue.jpg/435px-3c_Michigan_Centenary_state_seal%2C_1935_issue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/3c_Michigan_Centenary_state_seal%2C_1935_issue.jpg/580px-3c_Michigan_Centenary_state_seal%2C_1935_issue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1266" data-file-height="802" /></a><figcaption>Commemorative stamp, issue of 1935, celebrating the 100th anniversary of Michigan statehood.<a href="#cite_note-centennial-36">[32]</a></figcaption></figure> In 1927 a school bombing took place in <a href="/wiki/Clinton_County,_Michigan" title="Clinton County, Michigan">Clinton County</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Bath_School_disaster" title="Bath School disaster">Bath School disaster</a> resulted in the deaths of 38 schoolchildren and constitutes the deadliest mass murder in a school in U.S. history.<a href="#cite_note-44">[40]</a> Michigan converted much of its manufacturing to satisfy defense needs during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>; it manufactured 10.9% of the United States military armaments produced during the war, ranking second (behind <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>) among the 48 states.<a href="#cite_note-45">[41]</a> Detroit continued to expand through the 1950s, at one point doubling its population in a decade. After World War II, housing was developed in suburban areas outside city cores to meet demand for residences. The federal government subsidized the construction of <a href="/wiki/Interstate_Highway_System" title="Interstate Highway System">interstate highways</a>, which were intended to strengthen military access, but also allowed commuters and business traffic to travel the region more easily. Since 1960, modern advances in the auto industry have led to increased automation, high-tech industry, and increased suburban growth. Longstanding tensions in Detroit culminated in the <a href="/wiki/1967_Detroit_riot" title="1967 Detroit riot">Twelfth Street riot</a> in July 1967. During the late 1970s and the early 1980s, increasing <a href="/wiki/Gasoline_and_diesel_usage_and_pricing" title="Gasoline and diesel usage and pricing">fuel costs</a> and other factors made significantly more global competition and recession among families. Michigan lost a significant amount of <a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population">population</a> due to global competition and the dramatic unavailability of manufacturing jobs.<a href="#cite_note-46">[42]</a> Meanwhile, Michigan had increased use of technology, specifically when the <a href="/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer" title="IBM Personal Computer">IBM Personal Computer</a> started selling in the state, in which became mostly used at work. Michigan became the leading auto-producing state in the U.S., with the industry primarily located throughout the <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern United States</a>; Ontario, Canada; and the Southern United States.<a href="#cite_note-NAM-47">[43]</a> With almost ten million residents in 2010, Michigan is a large and influential state, ranking tenth in population among the fifty states. Detroit is the centrally located metropolitan area of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_megalopolis" title="Great Lakes megalopolis">Great Lakes megalopolis</a> and the second-largest metropolitan area in the U.S. (after <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>) linking the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a> system. The <a href="/wiki/Metro_Detroit" title="Metro Detroit">Metro Detroit</a> area in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Michigan" title="Southeast Michigan">Southeast Michigan</a> is the state's largest metropolitan area (roughly 50% of the population resides there) and the eleventh largest in the United States. The <a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids_metropolitan_area" title="Grand Rapids metropolitan area">Grand Rapids metropolitan area</a> in Western Michigan is the state's fastest-growing metro area, with more than 1.3 million residents as of 2006<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michigan&action=edit">[update]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Michigan" title="Geography of Michigan">Geography of Michigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Michigan" title="Protected areas of Michigan">Protected areas of Michigan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Michigan_state_parks" title="List of Michigan state parks">List of Michigan state parks</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grlakes_lawrence_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Grlakes_lawrence_map.png/220px-Grlakes_lawrence_map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Grlakes_lawrence_map.png/330px-Grlakes_lawrence_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Grlakes_lawrence_map.png/440px-Grlakes_lawrence_map.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="483" /></a><figcaption>Map of the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence River">Saint Lawrence River/Great Lakes Watershed</a> in North America. Its drainage area includes the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a>, the world's largest system of freshwater lakes. The basin covers nearly all of Michigan.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Huron_National_Wildlife_Refuge_(7455778394).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Huron_National_Wildlife_Refuge_%287455778394%29.jpg/220px-Huron_National_Wildlife_Refuge_%287455778394%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Huron_National_Wildlife_Refuge_%287455778394%29.jpg/330px-Huron_National_Wildlife_Refuge_%287455778394%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Huron_National_Wildlife_Refuge_%287455778394%29.jpg/440px-Huron_National_Wildlife_Refuge_%287455778394%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Huron_National_Wildlife_Refuge" class="mw-redirect" title="Huron National Wildlife Refuge">Huron National Wildlife Refuge</a>, one of the fifteen <a href="/wiki/Wilderness_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilderness area">federal wildernesses</a> in Michigan</figcaption></figure> Michigan consists of two peninsulas separated by the <a href="/wiki/Straits_of_Mackinac" title="Straits of Mackinac">Straits of Mackinac</a>. The <a href="/wiki/45th_parallel_north" title="45th parallel north">45th parallel north</a> runs through the state, marked by highway signs and the Polar-Equator Trail—<a href="#cite_note-48">[44]</a> along a line including <a href="/wiki/Mission_Point_Light" title="Mission Point Light">Mission Point Light</a> near <a href="/wiki/Traverse_City,_Michigan" title="Traverse City, Michigan">Traverse City</a>, the towns of <a href="/wiki/Gaylord,_Michigan" title="Gaylord, Michigan">Gaylord</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alpena,_Michigan" title="Alpena, Michigan">Alpena</a> in the Lower Peninsula and <a href="/wiki/Menominee,_Michigan" title="Menominee, Michigan">Menominee</a> in the Upper Peninsula. With the exception of two tiny areas drained by the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi River</a> by way of the <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_River" title="Wisconsin River">Wisconsin River</a> in the Upper Peninsula and by way of the <a href="/wiki/Kankakee_River" title="Kankakee River">Kankakee</a>-<a href="/wiki/Illinois_River" title="Illinois River">Illinois River</a> in the Lower Peninsula, Michigan is drained by the Great Lakes-<a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_River" title="St. Lawrence River">St. Lawrence</a> watershed and is the only state with the majority of its land thus drained. No point in the state is more than six miles (9.7 km) from a natural water source or more than 85 miles (137 km) from a Great Lakes shoreline.<a href="#cite_note-49">[45]</a> The Great Lakes that border Michigan from east to west are <a href="/wiki/Lake_Erie" title="Lake Erie">Lake Erie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Huron" title="Lake Huron">Lake Huron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Michigan" title="Lake Michigan">Lake Michigan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Superior" title="Lake Superior">Lake Superior</a>. The state is bounded on the south by the states of <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>, sharing land and water boundaries with both. Michigan's western boundaries are almost entirely water boundaries, from south to north, with <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> in Lake Michigan; then a land boundary with Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula, that is principally demarcated by the <a href="/wiki/Menominee_River" title="Menominee River">Menominee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montreal_River_(Wisconsin-Michigan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Montreal River (Wisconsin-Michigan)">Montreal Rivers</a>; then water boundaries again, in Lake Superior, with Wisconsin and Minnesota to the west, capped around by the Canadian province of Ontario to the north and east. The heavily forested <a href="/wiki/Upper_Peninsula_of_Michigan" title="Upper Peninsula of Michigan">Upper Peninsula</a> is relatively mountainous in the west. The <a href="/wiki/Porcupine_Mountains" title="Porcupine Mountains">Porcupine Mountains</a>, which are part of one of the oldest mountain chains in the world,<a href="#cite_note-50">[46]</a> rise to an altitude of almost 2,000 feet (610 m) above sea level and form the watershed between the streams flowing into Lake Superior and Lake Michigan. The surface on either side of this range is rugged. The state's highest point, in the <a href="/wiki/Huron_Mountains" title="Huron Mountains">Huron Mountains</a> northwest of Marquette, is <a href="/wiki/Mount_Arvon" title="Mount Arvon">Mount Arvon</a> at 1,979 feet (603 m). The peninsula is as large as Connecticut, Delaware, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island combined but has fewer than 330,000 inhabitants. The people are sometimes called "Yoopers" (from "U.P.'ers"), and their speech (the "<a href="/wiki/Yooper_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Yooper dialect">Yooper dialect</a>") has been heavily influenced by the numerous <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavian</a> and Canadian immigrants who settled the area during the lumbering and <a href="/wiki/Copper_mining_in_Michigan" title="Copper mining in Michigan">mining boom</a> of the late 19th century. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mackinac_Island-View_from_Fort_Mackinac.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Mackinac_Island-View_from_Fort_Mackinac.jpg/220px-Mackinac_Island-View_from_Fort_Mackinac.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Mackinac_Island-View_from_Fort_Mackinac.jpg/330px-Mackinac_Island-View_from_Fort_Mackinac.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Mackinac_Island-View_from_Fort_Mackinac.jpg/440px-Mackinac_Island-View_from_Fort_Mackinac.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2992" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mackinac_Island" title="Mackinac Island">Mackinac Island</a>, an island and resort area at the eastern end of the <a href="/wiki/Straits_of_Mackinac" title="Straits of Mackinac">Straits of Mackinac</a>. More than 80% of the island is preserved as <a href="/wiki/Mackinac_Island_State_Park" title="Mackinac Island State Park">Mackinac Island State Park</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lake_Michigan_Sleeping_Bear_Dunes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Lake_Michigan_Sleeping_Bear_Dunes.jpg/220px-Lake_Michigan_Sleeping_Bear_Dunes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Lake_Michigan_Sleeping_Bear_Dunes.jpg/330px-Lake_Michigan_Sleeping_Bear_Dunes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Lake_Michigan_Sleeping_Bear_Dunes.jpg/440px-Lake_Michigan_Sleeping_Bear_Dunes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sleeping_Bear_Dunes" class="mw-redirect" title="Sleeping Bear Dunes">Sleeping Bear Dunes</a>, along the northwest coast of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Upper_Tahquamenon_Falls_Fall_2007.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Upper_Tahquamenon_Falls_Fall_2007.jpeg/220px-Upper_Tahquamenon_Falls_Fall_2007.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Upper_Tahquamenon_Falls_Fall_2007.jpeg/330px-Upper_Tahquamenon_Falls_Fall_2007.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Upper_Tahquamenon_Falls_Fall_2007.jpeg/440px-Upper_Tahquamenon_Falls_Fall_2007.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Tahquamenon_Falls" title="Tahquamenon Falls">Tahquamenon Falls</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Peninsula_of_Michigan" title="Upper Peninsula of Michigan">Upper Peninsula</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pointe_Mouillee.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Pointe_Mouillee.jpg/220px-Pointe_Mouillee.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Pointe_Mouillee.jpg/330px-Pointe_Mouillee.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Pointe_Mouillee.jpg/440px-Pointe_Mouillee.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1202" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Pointe_Mouillee_State_Game_Area" title="Pointe Mouillee State Game Area">Pointe Mouillee State Game Area</a>, one of the 221 <a href="/wiki/List_of_Michigan_state_game_and_wildlife_areas" title="List of Michigan state game and wildlife areas">state game and wildlife areas</a> in Michigan. It encompasses 7,483 acres of hunting, recreational, and protected wildlife and wetland areas at the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Huron_River_(Michigan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Huron River (Michigan)">Huron River</a> at <a href="/wiki/Lake_Erie" title="Lake Erie">Lake Erie</a>, as well as smaller outlying areas within the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_River" title="Detroit River">Detroit River</a>.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Lower_Peninsula_of_Michigan" title="Lower Peninsula of Michigan">Lower Peninsula</a> is shaped like a mitten and many residents hold up a hand to depict where they are from.<a href="#cite_note-keilman20111209-51">[47]</a> It is 277 miles (446 km) long from north to south and 195 miles (314 km) from east to west and occupies nearly two-thirds of the state's land area. The surface of the peninsula is generally level, broken by conical hills and glacial <a href="/wiki/Moraine" title="Moraine">moraines</a> usually not more than a few hundred feet tall. It is divided by a low water divide running north and south. The larger portion of the state is on the west of this and gradually slopes toward Lake Michigan. The highest point in the Lower Peninsula is either Briar Hill at 1,705 feet (520 m), or one of several points nearby in the vicinity of <a href="/wiki/Cadillac,_Michigan" title="Cadillac, Michigan">Cadillac</a>. The lowest point is the surface of Lake Erie at 571 feet (174 m). The geographic orientation of Michigan's peninsulas makes for a long distance between the ends of the state. <a href="/wiki/Ironwood,_Michigan" title="Ironwood, Michigan">Ironwood</a>, in the far western Upper Peninsula, lies 630 miles (1,010 kilometers) by highway from <a href="/wiki/Lambertville,_Michigan" title="Lambertville, Michigan">Lambertville</a> in the Lower Peninsula's southeastern corner. The geographic isolation of the Upper Peninsula from Michigan's political and population centers makes the region culturally and economically distinct. Frequent attempts to establish the Upper Peninsula as <a href="/wiki/Superior_(proposed_U.S._state)" title="Superior (proposed U.S. state)">its own state</a> have failed to gain traction.<a href="#cite_note-52">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[49]</a> A feature of Michigan that gives it the distinct shape of a mitten is <a href="/wiki/The_Thumb" title="The Thumb">the Thumb</a>, which projects into Lake Huron, forming <a href="/wiki/Saginaw_Bay" title="Saginaw Bay">Saginaw Bay</a>. Other notable peninsulas of Michigan include the <a href="/wiki/Keweenaw_Peninsula" title="Keweenaw Peninsula">Keweenaw Peninsula</a>, which projects northeasterly into Lake Superior from the Upper Peninsula and largely comprising Michigan's <a href="/wiki/Copper_Country" title="Copper Country">Copper Country</a> region, and the <a href="/wiki/Leelanau_Peninsula" title="Leelanau Peninsula">Leelanau Peninsula</a>, projecting from the Lower Peninsula into Lake Michigan, forming Michigan's "little finger". Numerous lakes and <a href="/wiki/Marsh" title="Marsh">marshes</a> mark both peninsulas, and the coast is much indented. Keweenaw Bay, <a href="/wiki/Whitefish_Bay" title="Whitefish Bay">Whitefish Bay</a>, and the Big and <a href="/wiki/Little_Bay_de_Noc" title="Little Bay de Noc">Little</a> Bays De Noc are the principal indentations on the Upper Peninsula. The Grand and <a href="/wiki/Little_Traverse_Bay" title="Little Traverse Bay">Little Traverse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thunder_Bay_(Michigan)" title="Thunder Bay (Michigan)">Thunder</a>, and Saginaw bays indent the Lower Peninsula. Michigan has the second longest shoreline of any state—3,288 miles (5,292 km),<a href="#cite_note-54">[50]</a> including 1,056 miles (1,699 km) of island shoreline.<a href="#cite_note-55">[51]</a> The state has <a href="/wiki/Islands_of_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Islands of Michigan">numerous large islands</a>, the principal ones being the <a href="/wiki/North_Manitou_Island" title="North Manitou Island">North Manitou</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Manitou_Island" title="South Manitou Island">South Manitou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beaver_Island_(Lake_Michigan)" title="Beaver Island (Lake Michigan)">Beaver</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fox_Islands_(Michigan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox Islands (Michigan)">Fox</a> groups in Lake Michigan; <a href="/wiki/Isle_Royale" title="Isle Royale">Isle Royale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Island_(Michigan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Island (Michigan)">Grande Isle</a> in Lake Superior; Marquette, <a href="/wiki/Bois_Blanc_Island_(Michigan)" title="Bois Blanc Island (Michigan)">Bois Blanc</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mackinac_Island" title="Mackinac Island">Mackinac</a> islands in Lake Huron; and <a href="/wiki/Neebish_Island" title="Neebish Island">Neebish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sugar_Island_(Michigan)" title="Sugar Island (Michigan)">Sugar</a>, and Drummond islands in <a href="/wiki/St._Marys_River_(Michigan-Ontario)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Marys River (Michigan-Ontario)">St. Mary's River</a>. Michigan has about 150 <a href="/wiki/Lighthouse" title="Lighthouse">lighthouses</a>, the most of any U.S. state.<a href="#cite_note-56">[52]</a> The first lighthouses in Michigan were built between 1818 and 1822. They were built to project light at night and to serve as a landmark during the day to safely guide the passenger ships and freighters traveling the Great Lakes (see: <a href="/wiki/Lighthouses_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Lighthouses in the United States">lighthouses in the United States</a>). The <a href="/wiki/List_of_Michigan_rivers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Michigan rivers">state's rivers</a> are generally small, short and shallow, and few are navigable. The principal ones include the Detroit River, St. Marys River, and <a href="/wiki/St._Clair_River" title="St. Clair River">St. Clair River</a> which connect the Great Lakes; the <a href="/wiki/Au_Sable_River_(Michigan)" title="Au Sable River (Michigan)">Au Sable</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cheboygan_River" title="Cheboygan River">Cheboygan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Saginaw_River" title="Saginaw River">Saginaw</a>, which flow into Lake Huron; the <a href="/wiki/Ontonagon_River" title="Ontonagon River">Ontonagon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tahquamenon_River" title="Tahquamenon River">Tahquamenon</a>, which flow into Lake Superior; and the <a href="/wiki/St._Joseph_River_(Lake_Michigan)" title="St. Joseph River (Lake Michigan)">St. Joseph</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalamazoo_River" title="Kalamazoo River">Kalamazoo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_River_(Michigan)" title="Grand River (Michigan)">Grand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muskegon_River" title="Muskegon River">Muskegon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manistee_River" title="Manistee River">Manistee</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Escanaba_River" title="Escanaba River">Escanaba</a>, which flow into Lake Michigan. The state has 11,037 inland lakes—totaling 1,305 square miles (3,380 km2) of inland water—in addition to 38,575 square miles (99,910 km2) of Great Lakes waters. No point in Michigan is more than six miles (9.7 km) from an inland lake or more than 85 miles (137 km) from one of the Great Lakes.<a href="#cite_note-57">[53]</a> The state is home to several areas maintained by the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> including: <a href="/wiki/Isle_Royale_National_Park" title="Isle Royale National Park">Isle Royale National Park</a>, in Lake Superior, about 30 miles (48 km) southeast of Thunder Bay, Ontario. Other national <a href="/wiki/Protected_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected areas">protected areas</a> in the state include: <a href="/wiki/Keweenaw_National_Historical_Park" title="Keweenaw National Historical Park">Keweenaw National Historical Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pictured_Rocks_National_Lakeshore" title="Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore">Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sleeping_Bear_Dunes_National_Lakeshore" title="Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore">Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huron_National_Forest" title="Huron National Forest">Huron National Forest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manistee_National_Forest" title="Manistee National Forest">Manistee National Forest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hiawatha_National_Forest" title="Hiawatha National Forest">Hiawatha National Forest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_National_Forest" title="Ottawa National Forest">Ottawa National Forest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Father_Marquette_National_Memorial" title="Father Marquette National Memorial">Father Marquette National Memorial</a>. The largest section of the <a href="/wiki/North_Country_National_Scenic_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="North Country National Scenic Trail">North Country National Scenic Trail</a> passes through Michigan. With 78 <a href="/wiki/State_park" title="State park">state parks</a>, 19 state recreation areas, and six <a href="/wiki/State_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="State forests">state forests</a>, Michigan has the largest state park and <a href="/wiki/State_forest" title="State forest">state forest</a> system of any state. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Michigan" title="Climate change in Michigan">Climate change in Michigan</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Michigan_tornadoes" title="List of Michigan tornadoes">List of Michigan tornadoes</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_Michigan.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_Michigan.png/220px-K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_Michigan.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_Michigan.png/330px-K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_Michigan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_Michigan.png/440px-K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Types_Michigan.png 2x" data-file-width="1530" data-file-height="1541" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate types</a> of Michigan, using 1991–2020 <a href="/wiki/Climatological_normal" title="Climatological normal">climate normals</a></figcaption></figure> Michigan has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">continental climate</a> with two distinct regions. The southern and central parts of the Lower Peninsula (south of Saginaw Bay and from the Grand Rapids area southward) have a warmer climate (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> Dfa) with hot summers and cold winters. The northern part of the Lower Peninsula and the entire Upper Peninsula has a more severe climate (Köppen Dfb), with warm, but shorter summers and longer, cold to very cold winters. Some parts of the state average high temperatures below freezing from December through February, and into early March in the far northern parts. During the winter through the middle of February, the state is frequently subjected to heavy <a href="/wiki/Lake-effect_snow" title="Lake-effect snow">lake-effect snow</a>. The state averages from 30 to 40 inches (76 to 102 cm) of precipitation annually; however, some areas in the northern lower peninsula and the upper peninsula average almost 160 inches (4,100 mm) of snowfall per year.<a href="#cite_note-58">[54]</a> Michigan's highest recorded temperature is 112 °F (44 °C) at <a href="/wiki/Mio,_Michigan" title="Mio, Michigan">Mio</a> on July 13, 1936, and the coldest recorded temperature is −51 °F (−46 °C) at <a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt,_Michigan" title="Vanderbilt, Michigan">Vanderbilt</a> on February 9, 1934.<a href="#cite_note-netstate-59">[55]</a> The state averages 30 days of thunderstorm activity per year. These can be severe, especially in the southern part of the state. The state averages 17 <a href="/wiki/Tornado" title="Tornado">tornadoes</a> per year, which are more common in the state's extreme southern section. Portions of the southern border have been almost as vulnerable historically as states further west and in <a href="/wiki/Tornado_Alley" title="Tornado Alley">Tornado Alley</a>. For this reason, many communities in the very southern portions of the state have tornado sirens to warn residents of approaching tornadoes. Farther north, in Central Michigan, Northern Michigan, and the Upper Peninsula, tornadoes are rare.<a href="#cite_note-60">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-Thunderstorm_hazards-61">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geology">Geology</h3></div> The geological formation of the state is greatly varied, with the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Basin" title="Michigan Basin">Michigan Basin</a> being the most major formation. Primary boulders are found over the entire surface of the Upper Peninsula (being principally of primitive origin), while Secondary deposits cover the entire Lower Peninsula. The Upper Peninsula exhibits Lower <a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">Silurian</a> sandstones, limestones, copper and iron bearing rocks, corresponding to the Huronian system of <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>. The central portion of the Lower Peninsula contains coal measures and rocks of the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvanian_(geology)" title="Pennsylvanian (geology)">Pennsylvanian</a> period. <a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">Devonian</a> and sub-Carboniferous deposits are scattered over the entire state. Michigan rarely experiences <a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquakes</a>, and those that it does experience are generally smaller ones that do not cause significant damage. A 4.6-magnitude earthquake struck in August 1947. More recently, a 4.2-magnitude earthquake occurred on Saturday, May 2, 2015, shortly after noon, about five miles south of <a href="/wiki/Galesburg,_Michigan" title="Galesburg, Michigan">Galesburg, Michigan</a> (9 miles southeast of <a href="/wiki/Kalamazoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalamazoo">Kalamazoo</a>) in central Michigan, about 140 miles west of Detroit, according to the Colorado-based <a href="/wiki/U.S._Geological_Survey" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Geological Survey">U.S. Geological Survey</a>'s <a href="/wiki/National_Earthquake_Information_Center" title="National Earthquake Information Center">National Earthquake Information Center</a>. No major damage or injuries were reported, according to then-Governor <a href="/wiki/Rick_Snyder" title="Rick Snyder">Rick Snyder</a>'s office.<a href="#cite_note-62">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Michigan" title="Administrative divisions of Michigan">Administrative divisions of Michigan</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Michigan" title="List of counties in Michigan">List of counties in Michigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Michigan" title="List of municipalities in Michigan">List of municipalities in Michigan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Michigan_metropolitan_areas" title="List of Michigan metropolitan areas">List of Michigan metropolitan areas</a></div> State government is decentralized among three tiers—statewide, county and <a href="/wiki/Civil_township" title="Civil township">township</a>. Counties are administrative divisions of the state, and townships are administrative divisions of a county. Both of them exercise state government authority, localized to meet the particular needs of their jurisdictions, as provided by state law. There are 83 <a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Michigan" title="List of counties in Michigan">counties in Michigan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[59]</a> Cities, <a href="/wiki/State_university_system" title="State university system">state universities</a>, and villages are vested with <a href="/wiki/Home_rule" title="Home rule">home rule</a> powers of varying degrees. Home rule cities can generally do anything not prohibited by law. The fifteen state universities have broad power and can do anything within the parameters of their status as educational institutions that is not prohibited by the state constitution. Villages, by contrast, have limited home rule and are not completely autonomous from the county and township in which they are located. There are two types of township in Michigan: general law township and charter. <a href="/wiki/Charter_township" title="Charter township">Charter township</a> status was created by the Legislature in 1947 and grants additional powers and stream-lined administration in order to provide greater protection against annexation by a city. As of April 2001<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michigan&action=edit">[update]</a>, there were 127 charter townships in Michigan. In general, charter townships have many of the same powers as a city but without the same level of obligations. For example, a charter township can have its own fire department, water and sewer department, police department, and so on—just like a city—but it is not required to have those things, whereas cities must provide those services. Charter townships can opt to use county-wide services instead, such as deputies from the county sheriff's office instead of a home-based force of ordinance officers. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;">Largest cities or towns in Michigan <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 U.S. census</a>:<a href="#cite_note-2020Census-64">[60]</a></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Michigan_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Michigan by population">Rank</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Michigan">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Counties of Michigan">County</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Michigan_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Michigan by population">Pop.</a> </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Detroit_Skyline_from_Windsor,_Ontario_9-5-2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Detroit"><img alt="Detroit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Detroit_Skyline_from_Windsor%2C_Ontario_9-5-2024.jpg/120px-Detroit_Skyline_from_Windsor%2C_Ontario_9-5-2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Detroit_Skyline_from_Windsor%2C_Ontario_9-5-2024.jpg/180px-Detroit_Skyline_from_Windsor%2C_Ontario_9-5-2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Detroit_Skyline_from_Windsor%2C_Ontario_9-5-2024.jpg/240px-Detroit_Skyline_from_Windsor%2C_Ontario_9-5-2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3987" data-file-height="2392" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Rapids_April_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grand Rapids"><img alt="Grand Rapids" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Grand_Rapids_April_2022.jpg/120px-Grand_Rapids_April_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Grand_Rapids_April_2022.jpg/180px-Grand_Rapids_April_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Grand_Rapids_April_2022.jpg/240px-Grand_Rapids_April_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3576" data-file-height="1619" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan" title="Grand Rapids, Michigan">Grand Rapids</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_Michigan" title="Wayne County, Michigan">Wayne</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">639,111 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Warren_-_Warren_Civic_Center_(50826952147).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Warren"><img alt="Warren" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Warren_-_Warren_Civic_Center_%2850826952147%29.jpg/120px-Warren_-_Warren_Civic_Center_%2850826952147%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Warren_-_Warren_Civic_Center_%2850826952147%29.jpg/180px-Warren_-_Warren_Civic_Center_%2850826952147%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Warren_-_Warren_Civic_Center_%2850826952147%29.jpg/240px-Warren_-_Warren_Civic_Center_%2850826952147%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5926" data-file-height="4577" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Warren,_Michigan" title="Warren, Michigan">Warren</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Sterling_Heights_City_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sterling Heights"><img alt="Sterling Heights" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Sterling_Heights_City_Hall.jpg/120px-Sterling_Heights_City_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Sterling_Heights_City_Hall.jpg/180px-Sterling_Heights_City_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Sterling_Heights_City_Hall.jpg/240px-Sterling_Heights_City_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="270" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sterling_Heights,_Michigan" title="Sterling Heights, Michigan">Sterling Heights</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan" title="Grand Rapids, Michigan">Grand Rapids</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kent_County,_Michigan" title="Kent County, Michigan">Kent</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">198,917 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Warren,_Michigan" title="Warren, Michigan">Warren</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Macomb_County,_Michigan" title="Macomb County, Michigan">Macomb</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">139,387 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sterling_Heights,_Michigan" title="Sterling Heights, Michigan">Sterling Heights</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Macomb_County,_Michigan" title="Macomb County, Michigan">Macomb</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">134,346 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor,_Michigan" title="Ann Arbor, Michigan">Ann Arbor</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Washtenaw_County,_Michigan" title="Washtenaw County, Michigan">Washtenaw</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">123,851 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lansing,_Michigan" title="Lansing, Michigan">Lansing</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ingham_County,_Michigan" title="Ingham County, Michigan">Ingham</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">112,644 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Dearborn,_Michigan" title="Dearborn, Michigan">Dearborn</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_Michigan" title="Wayne County, Michigan">Wayne</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">109,976 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Charter_Township,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinton Charter Township, Michigan">Clinton Charter Township</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Macomb_County,_Michigan" title="Macomb County, Michigan">Macomb</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">100,513 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Canton_Charter_Township,_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton Charter Township, Michigan">Canton Charter Township</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_Michigan" title="Wayne County, Michigan">Wayne</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">98,659 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Livonia,_Michigan" title="Livonia, Michigan">Livonia</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_Michigan" title="Wayne County, Michigan">Wayne</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">95,535 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Michigan_statistical_areas" title="Michigan statistical areas">Michigan statistical areas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Michigan" title="Demographics of Michigan">Demographics of Michigan</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style>Note</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1800_United_States_census" title="1800 United States census">1800</a></th><td>3,757</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1810_United_States_census" title="1810 United States census">1810</a></th><td>4,762</td><td></td><td>26.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1820_United_States_census" title="1820 United States census">1820</a></th><td>7,452</td><td></td><td>56.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1830_United_States_census" title="1830 United States census">1830</a></th><td>28,004</td><td></td><td>275.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_census" title="1840 United States census">1840</a></th><td>212,267</td><td></td><td>658.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1850_United_States_census" title="1850 United States census">1850</a></th><td>397,654</td><td></td><td>87.3%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_census" title="1860 United States census">1860</a></th><td>749,113</td><td></td><td>88.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census">1870</a></th><td>1,184,059</td><td></td><td>58.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td>1,636,937</td><td></td><td>38.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td>2,093,890</td><td></td><td>27.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>2,420,982</td><td></td><td>15.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>2,810,173</td><td></td><td>16.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>3,668,412</td><td></td><td>30.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>4,842,325</td><td></td><td>32.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>5,256,106</td><td></td><td>8.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>6,371,766</td><td></td><td>21.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>7,823,194</td><td></td><td>22.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>8,875,083</td><td></td><td>13.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>9,262,078</td><td></td><td>4.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>9,295,297</td><td></td><td>0.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>9,938,444</td><td></td><td>6.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>9,883,640</td><td></td><td>−0.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>10,077,331</td><td></td><td>2.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">2024 (est.)</th><td class="us-census-pop-estimate">10,140,459</td><td></td><td>0.6%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote" style="text-align: center">Sources: 1910–2020<a href="#cite_note-65">[61]</a> 2024<a href="#cite_note-66">[62]</a></td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-right"><div><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michigan-2020-population-density.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Michigan-2020-population-density.png/214px-Michigan-2020-population-density.png" decoding="async" width="214" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Michigan-2020-population-density.png/321px-Michigan-2020-population-density.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Michigan-2020-population-density.png/428px-Michigan-2020-population-density.png 2x" data-file-width="2659" data-file-height="3082" /></a><figcaption>Michigan 2020 population distribution</figcaption></figure></div></div> Since <a href="/wiki/1800_United_States_census" title="1800 United States census">1800 U.S. census</a>, Michigan has experienced relatively positive and stable population growth trends; beginning with a population of 3,757, the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010 census</a> recorded 9,883,635 residents. At the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 United States census</a>, its population was 10,077,331, an increase of 2.03% since 2010's tabulation. According to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>, it is the third-most populous state in the <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> and its <a href="/wiki/East_North_Central_states" title="East North Central states">East North Central</a> subregion, behind Ohio and Illinois. The <a href="/wiki/Center_of_population" title="Center of population">center of population</a> of Michigan is in <a href="/wiki/Shiawassee_County,_Michigan" title="Shiawassee County, Michigan">Shiawassee County</a>, in the southeastern corner of the civil township of <a href="/wiki/Bennington_Township,_Michigan" title="Bennington Township, Michigan">Bennington</a>, which is northwest of the village of <a href="/wiki/Morrice,_Michigan" title="Morrice, Michigan">Morrice</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67">[63]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/American_Immigration_Council" title="American Immigration Council">American Immigration Council</a> in 2019, an estimated 6.8% of Michiganders were immigrants, while 3.8% were native-born U.S. citizens with at least one immigrant parent.<a href="#cite_note-:0-68">[64]</a> Numbering approximately 678,255 according to the 2019 survey, the majority of Michigander immigrants came from Mexico (11.5%), India (11.3%), Iraq (7.5%), China (5.3%), and Canada (5.3%); the primary occupations of its immigrants were technology, agriculture, and healthcare. Among its immigrant cohort, there were 108,105 undocumented immigrants, making up 15.9% of the total immigrant population.<a href="#cite_note-:0-68">[64]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Department of Housing and Urban Development">HUD</a>'s 2022 <a href="/wiki/Annual_Homeless_Assessment_Report_to_Congress" title="Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress">Annual Homeless Assessment Report</a>, there were an estimated 8,206 <a href="/wiki/Homelessness" title="Homelessness">homeless</a> people in Michigan.<a href="#cite_note-69">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[66]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Race_and_ethnicity">Race and ethnicity</h3></div> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:right;"> <caption class="nowrap" style="font-size:100%">Michigan racial breakdown of population </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Self-identified race </th> <th scope="col">1970<a href="#cite_note-census-71">[67]</a> </th> <th scope="col">1990<a href="#cite_note-census-71">[67]</a> </th> <th scope="col">2000<a href="#cite_note-72">[68]</a> </th> <th scope="col">2010<a href="#cite_note-73">[69]</a> </th> <th scope="col">2020<a href="#cite_note-74">[70]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/White_American" class="mw-redirect" title="White American">White American</a> </th> <td>88.3%</td> <td>83.4%</td> <td>80.1%</td> <td>78.9%</td> <td>73.9% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">Black or African American</a> </th> <td>11.2%</td> <td>13.9%</td> <td>14.2%</td> <td>14.2%</td> <td>13.7% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian American</a> </th> <td>0.2%</td> <td>1.1%</td> <td>1.8%</td> <td>2.4%</td> <td>3.3% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">American Indian</a> </th> <td>0.2%</td> <td>0.6%</td> <td>0.6%</td> <td>0.6%</td> <td>0.6% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiian" class="mw-redirect" title="Native Hawaiian">Native Hawaiian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander" title="Pacific Islander">other Pacific Islander</a> </th> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States Census">Other race</a> </th> <td>0.2%</td> <td>0.9%</td> <td>1.3%</td> <td>1.5%</td> <td>2.2% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiracial American">Two or more races</a> </th> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>1.9%</td> <td>2.3%</td> <td>6.3% </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ethnic_Origins_in_Michigan.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Ethnic_Origins_in_Michigan.png/220px-Ethnic_Origins_in_Michigan.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Ethnic_Origins_in_Michigan.png/330px-Ethnic_Origins_in_Michigan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Ethnic_Origins_in_Michigan.png/440px-Ethnic_Origins_in_Michigan.png 2x" data-file-width="5134" data-file-height="5000" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic origins in Michigan in 2021.</figcaption></figure> Since colonial European and American settlement, the majority of Michigan's population has been predominantly <a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">non-Hispanic or non-Latino white</a>; <a href="/wiki/Americans_of_European_descent" class="mw-redirect" title="Americans of European descent">Americans of European descent</a> live throughout every county in the state, and most of Metro Detroit. Large European American groups include those of <a href="/wiki/German_Americans" title="German Americans">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Americans" title="British Americans">British</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irish_Americans" title="Irish Americans">Irish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polish_Americans" title="Polish Americans">Polish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Americans" title="Belgian Americans">Belgian</a> ancestry.<a href="#cite_note-75">[71]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nordic_and_Scandinavian_Americans" title="Nordic and Scandinavian Americans">Scandinavian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Americans" title="Finnish Americans">Finnish Americans</a> have a notable presence in the Upper Peninsula.<a href="#cite_note-76">[72]</a> <a href="/wiki/Western_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Michigan">Western Michigan</a> is known for its <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Americans" title="Dutch Americans">Dutch</a> heritage, especially in <a href="/wiki/Holland,_Michigan" title="Holland, Michigan">Holland</a> and metropolitan Grand Rapids.<a href="#cite_note-77">[73]</a> <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">Black and African Americans</a>—coming to Detroit and other northern cities in the Great Migration of the early 20th century—have formed a majority of the population in Detroit and other cities including <a href="/wiki/Flint,_Michigan" title="Flint, Michigan">Flint</a> and <a href="/wiki/Benton_Harbor,_Michigan" title="Benton Harbor, Michigan">Benton Harbor</a>. Since the 2021 census estimates—while Detroit was still the largest city in Michigan with a majority black population—it was no longer the largest black-majority city in the U.S., citing crime and higher-paying jobs given to whites.<a href="#cite_note-78">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[75]</a> As of 2007<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michigan&action=edit">[update]</a>, about 300,000 people in <a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeastern Michigan">Southeastern Michigan</a> trace their descent from the Middle East and Asia.<a href="#cite_note-80">[76]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dearborn,_Michigan" title="Dearborn, Michigan">Dearborn</a> has a sizeable <a href="/wiki/Arab_Americans" title="Arab Americans">Arab American</a> community, with many <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Americans" title="Assyrian Americans">Assyrians</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Americans" title="Lebanese Americans">Lebanese</a> who immigrated for jobs in the auto industry in the 1920s, along with more recent <a href="/wiki/Yemeni_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Yemeni American">Yemenis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Americans" title="Iraqi Americans">Iraqis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-81">[77]</a> As of 2007<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michigan&action=edit">[update]</a>, almost 8,000 <a href="/wiki/Hmong_people" title="Hmong people">Hmong people</a> lived in the state of Michigan, about double their 1999 presence in the state.<a href="#cite_note-Kaiser2-82">[78]</a> Most lived in northeastern Detroit, but they had been increasingly moving to Pontiac and Warren.<a href="#cite_note-Michdaily-83">[79]</a> By 2015, the number of Hmong in the Detroit city limits had significantly declined.<a href="#cite_note-Rosenremaining-84">[80]</a> Lansing hosts a statewide Hmong New Year Festival.<a href="#cite_note-Michdaily-83">[79]</a> The Hmong community also had a prominent portrayal in the 2008 film <a href="/wiki/Gran_Torino" title="Gran Torino">Gran Torino</a>, which was set in Detroit. As of 2015<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michigan&action=edit">[update]</a>, 80% of Michigan's Japanese population lived in the counties of Macomb, Oakland, Washtenaw, and Wayne in the Detroit and Ann Arbor areas.<a href="#cite_note-WilkinsonSookp158-85">[81]</a> As of April 2013<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michigan&action=edit">[update]</a>, the largest Japanese national population is in <a href="/wiki/Novi,_Michigan" title="Novi, Michigan">Novi</a>, with 2,666 Japanese residents, and the next largest populations are respectively in Ann Arbor, <a href="/wiki/West_Bloomfield_Township,_Michigan" title="West Bloomfield Township, Michigan">West Bloomfield Township</a>, <a href="/wiki/Farmington_Hills,_Michigan" title="Farmington Hills, Michigan">Farmington Hills</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Battle_Creek,_Michigan" title="Battle Creek, Michigan">Battle Creek</a>. The state has 481 Japanese employment facilities providing 35,554 local jobs. 391 of them are in Southeast Michigan, providing 20,816 jobs, and the 90 in other regions in the state provide 14,738 jobs. The Japanese Direct Investment Survey of the <a href="/wiki/Consulate-General_of_Japan,_Detroit" title="Consulate-General of Japan, Detroit">Consulate-General of Japan, Detroit</a> stated more than 2,208 additional Japanese residents were employed in the State of Michigan as of 1 October 2012<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michigan&action=edit">[update]</a>, than in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-86">[82]</a> During the 1990s, the Japanese population of Michigan experienced an increase, and many Japanese people with children moved to particular areas for their proximity to Japanese grocery stores and high-performing schools.<a href="#cite_note-WilkinsonSookp158-85">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3></div> In 2010, about 91.11% (8,507,947) of Michigan residents age five and older spoke only <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> at home, while 2.93% (273,981) spoke <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>, 1.04% (97,559) <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>, 0.44% (41,189) <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, 0.36% (33,648) <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> (which includes <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Mandarin</a>), 0.31% (28,891) <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, 0.29% (27,019) <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Assyrian_people#Language" title="Assyrian people">Syriac languages</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Neo-Aramaic_languages" title="Neo-Aramaic languages">Modern Aramaic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_Neo-Aramaic" title="Northeastern Neo-Aramaic">Northeastern Neo-Aramaic</a>) was spoken as a <a href="/wiki/Main_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Main language">main language</a> by 0.25% (23,420) of the population over the age of five. In total, 8.89% (830,281) of Michigan's population age five and older spoke a <a href="/wiki/Mother_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mother language">mother language</a> other than English.<a href="#cite_note-MLA_Data-87">[83]</a> Since 2021, 90.1% of residents aged five and older spoke only English at home, and Spanish was the second-most spoken language with 2.9% of the population speaking it.<a href="#cite_note-88">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1277850240">.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie{display:none;position:relative;width:100px;height:100px;border-radius:50%;background-color:yellowgreen;color:black;border:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie div{position:absolute;transform-origin:left bottom;background-color:#655;color:black;top:0;left:50%;width:50%;height:50%;border-radius:0 500%0 0}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie50{transform-origin:left center;height:100%;border-radius:0 100%100%0/50%}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie12-5{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,100%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie5{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,32.49197%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie7{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,47.056428%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie1{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,6.2914667%0%,0 100%)}@supports(clip-path:circle(50%)){.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie{display:block}}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-container{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:1em;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend{list-style-type:none!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend li{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:.5em}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend li span{display:block;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend li .l-color{border:1px solid var(--color-base,black);width:.8em;height:.8em;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .pie-thumb{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .pie-thumb .smooth-pie-container{padding:.5em;padding-bottom:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .pie-thumb .smooth-pie-caption{margin-bottom:1em;font-size:94%}@media print{.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-container{break-inside:avoid-page}}</style> <div class="pie-thumb thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="smooth-pie-container" style="width: min-content;flex-direction: column-reverse;"> <div class="smooth-pie-legend-container"><div class="smooth-pie-caption">Religious self-identification, per <a href="/wiki/Public_Religion_Research_Institute" title="Public Religion Research Institute">Public Religion Research Institute</a>'s 2021 American Values Survey<a href="#cite_note-89">[85]</a></div> <ol class="smooth-pie-legend"> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_the_United_States" title="Protestantism in the United States">Protestantism</a> (43%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States" title="Catholic Church in the United States">Catholicism</a> (24%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witness</a> (1%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_United_States" title="Irreligion in the United States">Unaffiliated</a> (28%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Jews" title="American Jews">Judaism</a> (1%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_United_States" title="Islam in the United States">Islam</a> (1%)</li> <li>Other (2%)</li> </ol> </div> <div class="smooth-pie" style="width:200px;height:200px;background:Black;color:#000;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;" title="Other (2%)" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="pie25" style="background:Blue;color:#000" title="Protestantism (43%)"></div> <div class="pie25" style="background:Blue;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.180turn)" title="Protestantism (43%)"></div> <div class="pie12-5" style="background:Purple;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.430turn)" title="Catholicism (24%)"></div> <div class="pie12-5" style="background:Purple;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.545turn)" title="Catholicism (24%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.670turn); background:Teal;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 6.29146673% 0%, 0 100%)" title="Jehovah's Witness (1%)"></div> <div class="pie25" style="background:White;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.680turn)" title="Unaffiliated (28%)"></div> <div class="pie25" style="background:White;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.710turn)" title="Unaffiliated (28%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.960turn); background:Pink;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 6.29146673% 0%, 0 100%)" title="Judaism (1%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.970turn); background:Green;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 6.29146673% 0%, 0 100%)" title="Islam (1%)"></div> </div> </div></div></div> Following <a href="/wiki/British_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="British colonization of the Americas">British</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="French colonization of the Americas">French colonization</a> of the region surrounding Michigan, <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_United_States" title="Christianity in the United States">Christianity</a> became the dominant religion, with <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a> historically being the largest single Christian group for the state. Until the 19th century, the Roman Catholic Church was the only organized religious group in Michigan, reflecting the territory's French colonial roots. Detroit's St. Anne's parish, established in 1701 by Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac, is the second-oldest Roman Catholic parish in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-90">[86]</a> On March 8, 1833, the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> formally established a diocese in the Michigan territory, which included all of Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and the Dakotas east of the Mississippi River. When Michigan became a state in 1837, the boundary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Detroit was redrawn to coincide with that of the state; the other dioceses were later carved out from the Detroit Diocese but remain part of the <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecclesiastical Province">Ecclesiastical Province</a> of Detroit.<a href="#cite_note-91">[87]</a> Several <a href="/wiki/Native_American_religions" title="Native American religions">Native American religions</a> have been practiced in Michigan. In 2020, there were 1,492,732 adherents of Roman Catholicism.<a href="#cite_note-:1-92">[88]</a> There's also a significant <a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholic</a> presence in Metro Detroit, including the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Catholic_Church_of_Christ" title="Ecumenical Catholic Church of Christ">Ecumenical Catholic Church of Christ</a> established by Archbishop Karl Rodig; the see of this church operates in a former Roman Catholic parish church.<a href="#cite_note-93">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[91]</a> With the introduction of Protestantism to the state, it began to form the largest collective Christian group. In 2010, the Association of Religion Data Archives reported the largest Protestant denomination was the <a href="/wiki/United_Methodist_Church" title="United Methodist Church">United Methodist Church</a> with 228,521 adherents;<a href="#cite_note-www.thearda.com3-96">[92]</a> followed by the <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church%E2%80%93Missouri_Synod" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod">Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod</a> with 219,618, and the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in America">Evangelical Lutheran Church in America</a> with 120,598 adherents. The <a href="/wiki/Christian_Reformed_Church_in_North_America" title="Christian Reformed Church in North America">Christian Reformed Church in North America</a> had almost 100,000 members and more than 230 congregations in Michigan.<a href="#cite_note-97">[93]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Church_in_America" title="Reformed Church in America">Reformed Church in America</a> had 76,000 members and 154 congregations in the state.<a href="#cite_note-98">[94]</a> By the 2020 study, <a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">non- and inter-denominational</a> Protestant churches formed the largest Protestant group in Michigan, numbering 508,904. The Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod grew to become the second-largest single Christian denomination, and United Methodists declined to being the third-largest. The Lutheran Protestant tradition was introduced by <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">German</a> and Scandinavian immigrants. Altogether, Baptists numbered 321,581 between the <a href="/wiki/National_Missionary_Baptist_Convention_of_America" title="National Missionary Baptist Convention of America">National Missionary Baptists</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Baptist_Convention,_USA,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.">National Baptists</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Baptist_Churches_USA" title="American Baptist Churches USA">American Baptists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Baptist_Convention" title="Southern Baptist Convention">Southern Baptists</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Baptist_Convention_of_America_International,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="National Baptist Convention of America International, Inc.">National Baptists of America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Progressive_National_Baptist_Convention" title="Progressive National Baptist Convention">Progressive National Baptists</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Full_Gospel_Baptist_Church_Fellowship" title="Full Gospel Baptist Church Fellowship">Full Gospel Baptists</a>; black Baptists formed the largest constituency.<a href="#cite_note-:1-92">[88]</a> In West Michigan, Dutch immigrants fled from the specter of religious persecution and famine in the Netherlands around 1850 and settled in and around what is now Holland, Michigan, establishing a "colony" on American soil that fervently held onto Calvinist doctrine that established a significant presence of Reformed churches.<a href="#cite_note-99">[95]</a> In the same 2010 survey, Jewish adherents in the state of Michigan were estimated at 44,382, and Muslims at 120,351.<a href="#cite_note-100">[96]</a> The first Jewish synagogue in the state was <a href="/wiki/Temple_Beth_El_(Detroit,_Michigan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Temple Beth El (Detroit, Michigan)">Temple Beth El</a>, founded by twelve German Jewish families in Detroit in 1850.<a href="#cite_note-101">[97]</a> Islam was introduced by immigrants from the Near East during the 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-102">[98]</a> Michigan is home to the largest mosque in North America, the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Center_of_America" title="Islamic Center of America">Islamic Center of America</a> in Dearborn. Battle Creek, Michigan, is also the birthplace of the <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist Church</a>, which was founded on May 21, 1863.<a href="#cite_note-Adventist_org-103">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-New_indian-104">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_based_in_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of companies based in Michigan">List of companies based in Michigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Economy of metropolitan Detroit">Economy of metropolitan Detroit</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Michigan_locations_by_per_capita_income" class="mw-redirect" title="Michigan locations by per capita income">Michigan locations by per capita income</a></div> <table class="toc" style="float:right; font-size:90%; text-align:center; margin:1em;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:tan">Top publicly traded companies in Michigan according to revenues with state and U.S. rankings </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#cccccc">State</td> <td></td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc">Corporation</td> <td></td> <td style="background-color:#cccccc">US </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a></td> <td></td> <td>19 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a></td> <td></td> <td>21 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dow_Chemical_Company" title="Dow Chemical Company">Dow</a></td> <td></td> <td>75 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Penske_Corporation" title="Penske Corporation">Penske Automotive</a></td> <td></td> <td>147 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lear_Corporation" title="Lear Corporation">Lear</a></td> <td></td> <td>189 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Whirlpool_Corporation" title="Whirlpool Corporation">Whirlpool</a></td> <td></td> <td>203 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/DTE_Energy" title="DTE Energy">DTE Energy</a></td> <td></td> <td>212 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Stryker_Corporation" title="Stryker Corporation">Stryker</a></td> <td></td> <td>224 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/BorgWarner" title="BorgWarner">BorgWarner</a></td> <td></td> <td>262 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kellogg%27s" title="Kellogg's">Kellogg's</a></td> <td></td> <td>270 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jackson_National_Life" title="Jackson National Life">Jackson Financial</a></td> <td></td> <td>282 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ally_Financial" title="Ally Financial">Ally</a></td> <td></td> <td>338 </td></tr> <tr> <td>13</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Auto-Owners_Insurance" title="Auto-Owners Insurance">Auto-Owners</a></td> <td></td> <td>362 </td></tr> <tr> <td>14</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/SpartanNash" title="SpartanNash">SpartanNash</a></td> <td></td> <td>399 </td></tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/UFP_Industries" title="UFP Industries">UFP Industries</a></td> <td></td> <td>403 </td></tr> <tr> <td>16</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Autoliv" title="Autoliv">Autoliv</a></td> <td></td> <td>429 </td></tr> <tr> <td>17</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Masco" title="Masco">Masco</a></td> <td></td> <td>436 </td></tr> <tr> <td>18</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/CMS_Energy" title="CMS Energy">CMS Energy</a></td> <td></td> <td>441 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Michigan_companies" title="List of Michigan companies">List of Michigan companies</a> Source: Fortune<a href="#cite_note-105">[101]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ambassador_Bridge_and_a_fragment_of_Windsor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Ambassador_Bridge_and_a_fragment_of_Windsor.jpg/220px-Ambassador_Bridge_and_a_fragment_of_Windsor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Ambassador_Bridge_and_a_fragment_of_Windsor.jpg/330px-Ambassador_Bridge_and_a_fragment_of_Windsor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Ambassador_Bridge_and_a_fragment_of_Windsor.jpg/440px-Ambassador_Bridge_and_a_fragment_of_Windsor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Ambassador_Bridge" title="Ambassador Bridge">Ambassador Bridge</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Suspension_bridge" title="Suspension bridge">suspension bridge</a> that connects Detroit with <a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario">Windsor, Ontario</a>, in Canada. It is the busiest international border crossing in North America in terms of trade volume.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Headquarters_of_GM_in_Detroit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Headquarters_of_GM_in_Detroit.jpg/220px-Headquarters_of_GM_in_Detroit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Headquarters_of_GM_in_Detroit.jpg/330px-Headquarters_of_GM_in_Detroit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Headquarters_of_GM_in_Detroit.jpg/440px-Headquarters_of_GM_in_Detroit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Michigan is the center of the <a href="/wiki/American_automotive_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="American automotive industry">American automotive industry</a>. The Renaissance Center in <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Detroit" title="Downtown Detroit">Downtown Detroit</a> is the world headquarters of <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ford_Dearborn_Development_Center_(Proving_Grounds),_Dearborn,_Michigan_(14200507431).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Ford_Dearborn_Development_Center_%28Proving_Grounds%29%2C_Dearborn%2C_Michigan_%2814200507431%29.jpg/220px-Ford_Dearborn_Development_Center_%28Proving_Grounds%29%2C_Dearborn%2C_Michigan_%2814200507431%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Ford_Dearborn_Development_Center_%28Proving_Grounds%29%2C_Dearborn%2C_Michigan_%2814200507431%29.jpg/330px-Ford_Dearborn_Development_Center_%28Proving_Grounds%29%2C_Dearborn%2C_Michigan_%2814200507431%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Ford_Dearborn_Development_Center_%28Proving_Grounds%29%2C_Dearborn%2C_Michigan_%2814200507431%29.jpg/440px-Ford_Dearborn_Development_Center_%28Proving_Grounds%29%2C_Dearborn%2C_Michigan_%2814200507431%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a> Dearborn Proving Ground (DPG) completed major reconstruction and renovations in 2006.</figcaption></figure> In 2022, 3,939,076 people in Michigan were employed at 227,870 establishments, according to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[102]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Economic_Analysis" title="Bureau of Economic Analysis">U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis</a> estimated Michigan's Q3 2024 <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_GDP" title="List of U.S. states and territories by GDP">gross state product</a> to be $711.481 billion, ranking 14th out of the 50 states.<a href="#cite_note-107">[103]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Labor_Statistics" title="Bureau of Labor Statistics">U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics</a>, as of November 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michigan&action=edit">[update]</a>, the state's <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_unemployment_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. states by unemployment rate">seasonally adjusted unemployment rate</a> was estimated at 4.8%.<a href="#cite_note-108">[104]</a> Products and services include automobiles, food products, information technology, aerospace, military equipment, furniture, and mining of copper and iron ore.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">quantify</a>] Michigan is the third-largest grower of <a href="/wiki/Christmas_tree" title="Christmas tree">Christmas trees</a> with 60,520 acres (245 km2) of land dedicated to Christmas tree farming in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-109">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[106]</a> The beverage <a href="/wiki/Vernors_Ginger_Ale" class="mw-redirect" title="Vernors Ginger Ale">Vernors Ginger Ale</a> was invented in Michigan in 1866, sharing the title of oldest soft drink with <a href="/wiki/Hires_Root_Beer" title="Hires Root Beer">Hires Root Beer</a>. <a href="/wiki/Faygo" title="Faygo">Faygo</a> was founded in Detroit on November 4, 1907. Two of the top four pizza chains were founded in Michigan and are headquartered there: <a href="/wiki/Domino%27s_Pizza" class="mw-redirect" title="Domino's Pizza">Domino's Pizza</a> by <a href="/wiki/Tom_Monaghan" title="Tom Monaghan">Tom Monaghan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Little_Caesars" title="Little Caesars">Little Caesars</a> Pizza by <a href="/wiki/Mike_Ilitch" title="Mike Ilitch">Mike Ilitch</a>. Michigan became the 24th <a href="/wiki/Right-to-work_law" title="Right-to-work law">right-to-work</a> state in the U.S. in 2012, however, in 2023 this law was repealed.<a href="#cite_note-111">[107]</a> Since 2009, GM, Ford and Chrysler have managed a significant reorganization of their benefit funds structure after a volatile stock market which followed the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Early_2000s_recession" title="Early 2000s recession">early 2000s recession</a> impacted their respective U.S. pension and benefit funds (<a href="/wiki/OPEB" class="mw-redirect" title="OPEB">OPEB</a>).<a href="#cite_note-112">[108]</a> General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler reached agreements with the United Auto Workers Union to transfer the liabilities for their respective health care and benefit funds to a 501(c)(9) <a href="/wiki/Voluntary_Employee_Beneficiary_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Voluntary Employee Beneficiary Association">Voluntary Employee Beneficiary Association</a> (VEBA). Manufacturing in the state grew 6.6% from 2001 to 2006,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-113">[109]</a> but the high speculative price of oil became a factor for the U.S. auto industry during the <a href="/wiki/Late-2000s_recession" class="mw-redirect" title="Late-2000s recession">economic crisis of 2008</a> impacting industry revenues. In 2009, GM and Chrysler emerged from <a href="/wiki/Chapter_11" class="mw-redirect" title="Chapter 11">Chapter 11</a> restructurings with financing provided in part by the U.S. and Canadian governments.<a href="#cite_note-Garrett-114">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stoll-115">[111]</a> GM began its <a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">initial public offering</a> (IPO) of stock in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-IPO-116">[112]</a> For 2010, the Big Three domestic automakers have reported significant profits indicating the beginning of rebound.<a href="#cite_note-117">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schroeder-118">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cwiek-120">[116]</a> As of 2002<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michigan&action=edit">[update]</a>, Michigan ranked fourth in the U.S. in high-tech employment with 568,000 high-tech workers, which includes 70,000 in the automotive industry.<a href="#cite_note-MEDCHiTech-121">[117]</a> Michigan typically ranks third or fourth in overall <a href="/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">research and development</a> (R&D) expenditures in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-MEDC1-122">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-NSF-123">[119]</a> Its research and development, which includes automotive, comprises a higher percentage of the state's overall gross domestic product than for any other U.S. state.<a href="#cite_note-124">[120]</a> The state is an important source of engineering job opportunities. The domestic auto industry accounts directly and indirectly for one of every ten jobs in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-125">[121]</a> Michigan was second in the U.S. in 2004 for new corporate facilities and expansions. From 1997 to 2004, Michigan was the only state to top the 10,000 mark for the number of major new developments;<a href="#cite_note-NAM-47">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[122]</a> however, the effects of the <a href="/wiki/Late_2000s_recession" class="mw-redirect" title="Late 2000s recession">late 2000s recession</a> have slowed the state's economy. In 2008, Michigan placed third in a site selection survey among the states for luring new business which measured capital investment and new job creation per one million population.<a href="#cite_note-siteselection-127">[123]</a> In August 2009, Michigan and Detroit's auto industry received $1.36 B in grants from the U.S. Department of Energy for the manufacture of electric vehicle technologies which is expected to generate 6,800 immediate jobs and employ 40,000 in the state by 2020.<a href="#cite_note-priddle-128">[124]</a> From 2007 to 2009, Michigan ranked 3rd in the U.S. for new corporate facilities and expansions.<a href="#cite_note-Lane-129">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-Medernach-130">[126]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abandoned_Packard_Automobile_Factory_Detroit_200.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Abandoned_Packard_Automobile_Factory_Detroit_200.jpg/220px-Abandoned_Packard_Automobile_Factory_Detroit_200.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Abandoned_Packard_Automobile_Factory_Detroit_200.jpg/330px-Abandoned_Packard_Automobile_Factory_Detroit_200.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Abandoned_Packard_Automobile_Factory_Detroit_200.jpg/440px-Abandoned_Packard_Automobile_Factory_Detroit_200.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5250" data-file-height="3633" /></a><figcaption>The former <a href="/wiki/Packard_Automotive_Plant" title="Packard Automotive Plant">Packard Automotive Plant</a> in Detroit, one of the hardest hit cities in the <a href="/wiki/Rust_Belt" title="Rust Belt">Rust Belt</a>.</figcaption></figure> As leading research institutions, the University of Michigan, Michigan State University, and Wayne State University are important partners in the state's economy and its University Research Corridor.<a href="#cite_note-University_Research_Corridor-131">[127]</a> Michigan's public universities attract more than $1.5 B in research and development grants each year.<a href="#cite_note-Bruns-132">[128]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Superconducting_Cyclotron_Laboratory" title="National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory">National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory</a> is at Michigan State University. Michigan's workforce is well-educated and highly skilled, making it attractive to companies. It has the third highest number of engineering graduates nationally.<a href="#cite_note-133">[129]</a> <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Metropolitan_Airport" title="Detroit Metropolitan Airport">Detroit Metropolitan Airport</a> is one of the nation's most recently expanded and modernized airports with six major runways, and large aircraft maintenance facilities capable of servicing and repairing a <a href="/wiki/Boeing_747" title="Boeing 747">Boeing 747</a> and is a major hub for <a href="/wiki/Delta_Air_Lines" title="Delta Air Lines">Delta Air Lines</a>. Michigan's schools and colleges rank among the nation's best. The state has maintained its early commitment to public education. The state's infrastructure gives it a competitive edge; Michigan has 38 <a href="/wiki/Deep-water_port" class="mw-redirect" title="Deep-water port">deep water ports</a>.<a href="#cite_note-134">[130]</a> In 2007, Bank of America announced that it would commit $25 billion to community development in Michigan following its acquisition of LaSalle Bank in <a href="/wiki/Troy,_Michigan" title="Troy, Michigan">Troy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bank-135">[131]</a> Michigan led the nation in job creation improvement in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-136">[132]</a> On December 20, 2019, Governor <a href="/wiki/Gretchen_Whitmer" title="Gretchen Whitmer">Gretchen Whitmer</a> signed a package of bills into law effectively legalizing <a href="/wiki/Online_gambling" title="Online gambling">online gambling</a> activities in Michigan, which allowed commercial and <a href="/wiki/Tribal_casinos" class="mw-redirect" title="Tribal casinos">tribal casinos</a> to apply for internet gaming licenses.<a href="#cite_note-137">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taxation">Taxation</h3></div> Michigan's personal <a href="/wiki/Income_tax" title="Income tax">income tax</a> is a flat rate of 4.25%. In addition, 22 cities impose income taxes; rates are set at 1% for residents and 0.5% for non-residents in all but four cities.<a href="#cite_note-city-income-tax-138">[134]</a> Michigan's state <a href="/wiki/Sales_tax" title="Sales tax">sales tax</a> is 6%, though items such as food and medication are exempted. <a href="/wiki/Property_tax" title="Property tax">Property taxes</a> are assessed on the local level, but every property owner's local assessment contributes six <a href="/wiki/Mill_(currency)" title="Mill (currency)">mills</a> (a rate of $6 per $1000 of property value) to the statutory State Education Tax. Property taxes are appealable to local boards of review and need the approval of the local electorate to exceed millage rates prescribed by state law and local charters. In 2011, the state repealed its business tax and replaced it with a 6% corporate income tax which substantially reduced taxes on business.<a href="#cite_note-139">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-140">[136]</a> Article IX of the Constitution of the State of Michigan also provides limitations on how much the state can tax. A 6% <a href="/wiki/Use_tax" title="Use tax">use tax</a> is levied on goods purchased outside the state (that are brought in and used in state), at parity with the sales tax.<a href="#cite_note-141">[137]</a> The use tax applies to internet sales/purchases from outside Michigan and is equivalent to the sales tax.<a href="#cite_note-142">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cherry_production_in_Michigan" title="Cherry production in Michigan">Cherry production in Michigan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michigan_Cherries,_2009_July.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Michigan_Cherries%2C_2009_July.jpg/220px-Michigan_Cherries%2C_2009_July.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Michigan_Cherries%2C_2009_July.jpg/330px-Michigan_Cherries%2C_2009_July.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Michigan_Cherries%2C_2009_July.jpg/440px-Michigan_Cherries%2C_2009_July.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>Michigan is the leading U.S. producer of <a href="/wiki/Prunus_cerasus" title="Prunus cerasus">tart cherries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blueberry" title="Blueberry">blueberries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pickling_cucumber" class="mw-redirect" title="Pickling cucumber">pickling cucumbers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Navy_bean" title="Navy bean">navy beans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Petunia" title="Petunia">petunias</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kellogg_World_Headquarters_(battlecreekcvb)_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Kellogg_World_Headquarters_%28battlecreekcvb%29_001.jpg/220px-Kellogg_World_Headquarters_%28battlecreekcvb%29_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Kellogg_World_Headquarters_%28battlecreekcvb%29_001.jpg/330px-Kellogg_World_Headquarters_%28battlecreekcvb%29_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Kellogg_World_Headquarters_%28battlecreekcvb%29_001.jpg/440px-Kellogg_World_Headquarters_%28battlecreekcvb%29_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1125" /></a><figcaption>The world headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Kellogg%27s" title="Kellogg's">Kellogg's</a> in <a href="/wiki/Battle_Creek" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle Creek">Battle Creek</a></figcaption></figure> A wide variety of commodity crops, fruits, and vegetables are grown in Michigan, making it second only to California among US states in the diversity of its agriculture.<a href="#cite_note-143">[139]</a> The state has 54,800 farms utilizing 10,000,000 acres (40,000 km2) of land which sold $6.49 billion worth of products in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-144">[140]</a> The most valuable agricultural product is milk. Leading crops include corn, soybeans, flowers, wheat, sugar beets, and potatoes. Livestock in the state included 78,000 sheep, a million cattle, a million hogs, and more than three million chickens. Livestock products accounted for 38% of the value of agricultural products while crops accounted for the majority. Michigan is a leading grower of fruit in the US, including blueberries, <a href="/wiki/Cherry_production_in_Michigan" title="Cherry production in Michigan">tart cherries</a>, apples, grapes, and peaches.<a href="#cite_note-MIAG-145">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[142]</a> Michigan produces 70 percent of the country's cherries. Most of these cherries are <a href="/wiki/Montmorency_cherries" class="mw-redirect" title="Montmorency cherries">Montmorency cherries</a>.<a href="#cite_note-147">[143]</a> Plums, pears, and strawberries are also grown in Michigan. These fruits are mainly grown in <a href="/wiki/West_Michigan" title="West Michigan">West Michigan</a> due to the moderating effect of Lake Michigan on the climate. There is also significant fruit production, especially cherries, but also grapes, apples, and other fruits, in northwest Michigan along Lake Michigan. Michigan produces <a href="/wiki/Michigan_wine" title="Michigan wine">wines</a>, beers and a multitude of processed food products. <a href="/wiki/Kellogg%27s" title="Kellogg's">Kellogg's</a> cereal is based in Battle Creek, Michigan and processes many locally grown foods. Thornapple Valley, <a href="/wiki/Ball_Park_Franks" title="Ball Park Franks">Ball Park Franks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koegel_Meat_Company" title="Koegel Meat Company">Koegel Meat Company</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_National" title="Hebrew National">Hebrew National</a> sausage companies are all based in Michigan. Michigan is home to very fertile land in the <a href="/wiki/Tri-Cities_(Michigan)" title="Tri-Cities (Michigan)">Saginaw Valley</a> and Thumb areas. Products grown there include corn, sugar beets, navy beans, and soybeans. Sugar beet harvesting usually begins the first of October. It takes the sugar factories about five months to process the 3.7 million tons of sugarbeets into 485,000 tons of pure, white sugar.<a href="#cite_note-148">[144]</a> Michigan's largest sugar refiner, <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Sugar_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Michigan Sugar Company">Michigan Sugar Company</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[145]</a> is the largest east of the Mississippi River and the fourth largest in the nation. Michigan sugar brand names are Pioneer Sugar and the newly incorporated Big Chief Sugar. Potatoes are grown in Northern Michigan, and corn is dominant in Central Michigan. Alfalfa, cucumbers, and asparagus are also grown. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_Michigan" title="List of National Historic Landmarks in Michigan">List of National Historic Landmarks in Michigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Registered_Historic_Places_in_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Registered Historic Places in Michigan">List of Registered Historic Places in Michigan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Michigan" title="List of museums in Michigan">List of museums in Michigan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2007_Michigan_Mackinac_Island_Grand_Hotel_carriage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/2007_Michigan_Mackinac_Island_Grand_Hotel_carriage.jpg/220px-2007_Michigan_Mackinac_Island_Grand_Hotel_carriage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/2007_Michigan_Mackinac_Island_Grand_Hotel_carriage.jpg/330px-2007_Michigan_Mackinac_Island_Grand_Hotel_carriage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/2007_Michigan_Mackinac_Island_Grand_Hotel_carriage.jpg/440px-2007_Michigan_Mackinac_Island_Grand_Hotel_carriage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2772" data-file-height="2079" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mackinac_Island" title="Mackinac Island">Mackinac Island</a> is well known for cultural events and a wide variety of architectural styles, including the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian</a> <a href="/wiki/Grand_Hotel_(Mackinac_Island)" title="Grand Hotel (Mackinac Island)">Grand Hotel</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Downtown_Holland,_Michigan_.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Downtown_Holland%2C_Michigan_.jpg/220px-Downtown_Holland%2C_Michigan_.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Downtown_Holland%2C_Michigan_.jpg/330px-Downtown_Holland%2C_Michigan_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Downtown_Holland%2C_Michigan_.jpg/440px-Downtown_Holland%2C_Michigan_.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Holland,_Michigan" title="Holland, Michigan">Holland, Michigan</a>, is the home of the <a href="/wiki/Tulip_Time_Festival" title="Tulip Time Festival">Tulip Time Festival</a>, the largest <a href="/wiki/Tulip_festival" title="Tulip festival">tulip festival</a> in the U.S.</figcaption></figure> As of 2011, Michigan's tourists spent $17.2 billion per year in the state, supporting 193,000 tourism jobs.<a href="#cite_note-150">[146]</a> Michigan's tourism website ranks among the busiest in the nation.<a href="#cite_note-151">[147]</a> Destinations draw vacationers, hunters, and nature enthusiasts from across the United States and Canada. Michigan is over 50% forest land,<a href="#cite_note-152">[148]</a> much of it quite remote. The forests, lakes and thousands of miles of beaches are top attractions. Event tourism draws large numbers to occasions like the <a href="/wiki/Tulip_Time_Festival" title="Tulip Time Festival">Tulip Time Festival</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Cherry_Festival" title="National Cherry Festival">National Cherry Festival</a>. In 2006, the Michigan State Board of Education mandated all public schools in the state hold their first day of school after Labor Day, in accordance with the new post-Labor Day school law. A survey found 70% of all tourism business comes directly from Michigan residents, and the Michigan Hotel, Motel, & Resort Association claimed the shorter summer between school years cut into the annual tourism season.<a href="#cite_note-153">[149]</a> However, a bill introduced in 2023 would cancel this requirement, allowing individual districts to decide when their school year should begin.<a href="#cite_note-154">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[151]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_metropolitan_Detroit" title="Tourism in metropolitan Detroit">Tourism in metropolitan Detroit</a> draws visitors to leading attractions, especially <a href="/wiki/The_Henry_Ford" title="The Henry Ford">The Henry Ford</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Institute_of_Arts" title="Detroit Institute of Arts">Detroit Institute of Arts</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Zoo" title="Detroit Zoo">Detroit Zoo</a>, and to <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Detroit" title="Sports in Detroit">sports in Detroit</a>. Other museums include the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Historical_Museum" title="Detroit Historical Museum">Detroit Historical Museum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Wright_Museum_of_African_American_History" title="Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History">Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History</a>, museums in the <a href="/wiki/Cranbrook_Educational_Community" title="Cranbrook Educational Community">Cranbrook Educational Community</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Arab_American_National_Museum" title="Arab American National Museum">Arab American National Museum</a>. The metro area offers four major casinos, <a href="/wiki/MGM_Grand_Detroit" title="MGM Grand Detroit">MGM Grand Detroit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Casino_at_Greektown" title="Hollywood Casino at Greektown">Hollywood Casino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motor_City_Casino" class="mw-redirect" title="Motor City Casino">Motor City</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Caesars_Windsor" title="Caesars Windsor">Caesars Windsor</a> in Windsor, Ontario, Canada; moreover, Detroit is the largest American city and metropolitan region to offer casino resorts.<a href="#cite_note-Mink-156">[152]</a> Hunting and fishing are significant industries in the state. Charter boats are based in many Great Lakes cities to fish for salmon, trout, walleye, and perch. Michigan ranks first in the nation in licensed hunters (over one million) who contribute $2 billion annually to its economy. More than three-quarters of a million hunters participate in <a href="/wiki/White-tailed_deer" title="White-tailed deer">white-tailed deer</a> season alone. Many school districts in rural areas of Michigan cancel school on the opening day of firearm deer season, because of attendance concerns.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Downtown_Marquette,_Michigan_in_Autumn_(43657514144).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Downtown_Marquette%2C_Michigan_in_Autumn_%2843657514144%29.jpg/220px-Downtown_Marquette%2C_Michigan_in_Autumn_%2843657514144%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Downtown_Marquette%2C_Michigan_in_Autumn_%2843657514144%29.jpg/330px-Downtown_Marquette%2C_Michigan_in_Autumn_%2843657514144%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Downtown_Marquette%2C_Michigan_in_Autumn_%2843657514144%29.jpg/440px-Downtown_Marquette%2C_Michigan_in_Autumn_%2843657514144%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marquette,_Michigan" title="Marquette, Michigan">Marquette, Michigan</a>, is home to a vast <a href="/wiki/Snowmobile" title="Snowmobile">snowmobile</a> trail system.</figcaption></figure> Michigan's Department of Natural Resources manages the largest dedicated state forest system in the nation. The forest products industry and recreational users contribute $12 billion and 200,000 associated jobs annually to the state's economy. Public hiking and hunting access has also been secured in extensive commercial forests. The state has the highest number of golf courses and registered <a href="/wiki/Snowmobile" title="Snowmobile">snowmobiles</a> in the nation.<a href="#cite_note-157">[153]</a> The state has numerous <a href="/wiki/Historical_marker" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical marker">historical markers</a>, which can themselves become the center of a tour.<a href="#cite_note-158">[154]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Circle_Tour" title="Great Lakes Circle Tour">Great Lakes Circle Tour</a> is a designated scenic road system connecting all of the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River.<a href="#cite_note-159">[155]</a> With its position in relation to the Great Lakes and the countless ships that have foundered over the many years they have been used as a transport route for people and bulk cargo, Michigan is a world-class scuba diving destination. The <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Underwater_Preserves" title="Michigan Underwater Preserves">Michigan Underwater Preserves</a> are 11 underwater areas where wrecks are protected for the benefit of sport divers. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts">Arts</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Music">Music</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Michigan" title="Music of Michigan">Music of Michigan</a></div> Michigan music is known for three music trends: early <a href="/wiki/Punk_rock" title="Punk rock">punk rock</a>, Motown/soul music and <a href="/wiki/Techno_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Techno music">techno music</a>. Michigan musicians include <a href="/wiki/Tally_Hall" title="Tally Hall">Tally Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Haley_%26_His_Comets" title="Bill Haley & His Comets">Bill Haley & His Comets</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Supremes" title="The Supremes">the Supremes</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Marvelettes" title="The Marvelettes">the Marvelettes</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Temptations" title="The Temptations">the Temptations</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Four_Tops" class="mw-redirect" title="The Four Tops">the Four Tops</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Gaye" title="Marvin Gaye">Marvin Gaye</a> "The Prince of Soul", <a href="/wiki/Smokey_Robinson_and_the_Miracles" class="mw-redirect" title="Smokey Robinson and the Miracles">Smokey Robinson and the Miracles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Wells" title="Mary Wells">Mary Wells</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tommy_James_and_the_Shondells" title="Tommy James and the Shondells">Tommy James and the Shondells</a>, <a href="/wiki/%3F_and_the_Mysterians" title="? and the Mysterians">? and the Mysterians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Green" title="Al Green">Al Green</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Spinners_(American_group)" title="The Spinners (American group)">The Spinners</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Funk_Railroad" title="Grand Funk Railroad">Grand Funk Railroad</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Stooges" title="The Stooges">the Stooges</a>, the <a href="/wiki/MC5" title="MC5">MC5</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Knack" title="The Knack">the Knack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna">Madonna</a> "The Queen of Pop", <a href="/wiki/Bob_Seger" title="Bob Seger">Bob Seger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Scott_(singer)" title="Jack Scott (singer)">Jack Scott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ray_Parker_Jr." title="Ray Parker Jr.">Ray Parker Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Wilson" title="Jackie Wilson">Jackie Wilson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aaliyah" title="Aaliyah">Aaliyah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eminem" title="Eminem">Eminem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Babytron" class="mw-redirect" title="Babytron">Babytron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kid_Rock" title="Kid Rock">Kid Rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_White" title="Jack White">Jack White</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meg_White" title="Meg White">Meg White</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_White_Stripes" title="The White Stripes">the White Stripes</a>), <a href="/wiki/Big_Sean" title="Big Sean">Big Sean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alice_Cooper" title="Alice Cooper">Alice Cooper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greta_Van_Fleet" title="Greta Van Fleet">Greta Van Fleet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mustard_Plug" title="Mustard Plug">Mustard Plug</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Del_Shannon" title="Del Shannon">Del Shannon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-160">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Performance_arts">Performance arts</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Public_Flint_Michigan_Mural.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Public_Flint_Michigan_Mural.jpg/220px-Public_Flint_Michigan_Mural.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Public_Flint_Michigan_Mural.jpg/330px-Public_Flint_Michigan_Mural.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Public_Flint_Michigan_Mural.jpg/440px-Public_Flint_Michigan_Mural.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Public Mural In Flint, Michigan</figcaption></figure> Major theaters in Michigan include the <a href="/wiki/Fox_Theatre_(Detroit)" title="Fox Theatre (Detroit)">Fox Theatre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_Hall_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="Music Hall Center for the Performing Arts">Music Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gem_Theatre_(Detroit)" title="Gem Theatre (Detroit)">Gem Theatre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Masonic_Temple" title="Detroit Masonic Temple">Masonic Temple Theatre</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Opera_House" title="Detroit Opera House">Detroit Opera House</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fisher_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisher Theatre">Fisher Theatre</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Fillmore_Detroit" title="The Fillmore Detroit">The Fillmore Detroit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Andrew%27s_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Andrew's Hall">Saint Andrew's Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Majestic_Theater_(Detroit,_Michigan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Majestic Theater (Detroit, Michigan)">Majestic Theater</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Orchestra_Hall_(Detroit)" title="Orchestra Hall (Detroit)">Orchestra Hall</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Nederlander_Organization" title="Nederlander Organization">Nederlander Organization</a>, the largest controller of Broadway productions in New York City, originated in Detroit.<a href="#cite_note-Almanac2-161">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Michigan_professional_sports_teams" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Michigan professional sports teams">List of Michigan professional sports teams</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Michigan_sport_championships" title="List of Michigan sport championships">List of Michigan sport championships</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michigan_Stadium_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Michigan_Stadium_2011.jpg/220px-Michigan_Stadium_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Michigan_Stadium_2011.jpg/330px-Michigan_Stadium_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Michigan_Stadium_2011.jpg/440px-Michigan_Stadium_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7001" data-file-height="4675" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Stadium" title="Michigan Stadium">Michigan Stadium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor" class="mw-redirect" title="Ann Arbor">Ann Arbor</a> is the largest <a href="/wiki/Stadium" title="Stadium">stadium</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a>, and the third-largest stadium in the world.</figcaption></figure> Michigan's major-league sports teams include: <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Tigers" title="Detroit Tigers">Detroit Tigers</a> baseball team, <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Lions" title="Detroit Lions">Detroit Lions</a> <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">football</a> team, <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Red_Wings" title="Detroit Red Wings">Detroit Red Wings</a> <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> team, and the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Pistons" title="Detroit Pistons">Detroit Pistons</a> men's basketball team. All of Michigan's major league teams play in the Metro Detroit area. The state also has a professional second-tier (<a href="/wiki/USL_Championship" title="USL Championship">USL Championship</a>) soccer team in <a href="/wiki/Detroit_City_FC" title="Detroit City FC">Detroit City FC</a>, which plays its home games at <a href="/wiki/Keyworth_Stadium" title="Keyworth Stadium">Keyworth Stadium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hamtramck,_Michigan" title="Hamtramck, Michigan">Hamtramck, Michigan</a>. The Pistons played at Detroit's <a href="/wiki/Cobo_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Cobo Arena">Cobo Arena</a> until 1978 and at the <a href="/wiki/Pontiac_Silverdome" title="Pontiac Silverdome">Pontiac Silverdome</a> until 1988 when they moved into <a href="/wiki/The_Palace_of_Auburn_Hills" title="The Palace of Auburn Hills">The Palace of Auburn Hills</a>. In 2017, the team moved to the newly built <a href="/wiki/Little_Caesars_Arena" title="Little Caesars Arena">Little Caesars Arena</a> in downtown Detroit. The Detroit Lions played at <a href="/wiki/Tiger_Stadium_(Detroit)" title="Tiger Stadium (Detroit)">Tiger Stadium</a> in Detroit until 1974, then moved to the Pontiac Silverdome where they played for 27 years between 1975 and 2002 before moving to <a href="/wiki/Ford_Field" title="Ford Field">Ford Field</a> in Detroit in 2002. The Detroit Tigers played at Tiger Stadium (formerly known as Navin Field and Briggs Stadium) from 1912 to 1999. In 2000 they moved to <a href="/wiki/Comerica_Park" title="Comerica Park">Comerica Park</a>. The Red Wings played at <a href="/wiki/Olympia_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympia Stadium">Olympia Stadium</a> before moving to <a href="/wiki/Joe_Louis_Arena" title="Joe Louis Arena">Joe Louis Arena</a> in 1979. They later moved to Little Caesars Arena to join the Pistons as tenants in 2017. Professional hockey got its start in 1903 in <a href="/wiki/Houghton,_Michigan" title="Houghton, Michigan">Houghton</a>,<a href="#cite_note-162">[158]</a> when the Portage Lakers were formed.<a href="#cite_note-163">[159]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MIS_2014_restart.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/MIS_2014_restart.JPG/220px-MIS_2014_restart.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/MIS_2014_restart.JPG/330px-MIS_2014_restart.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/MIS_2014_restart.JPG/440px-MIS_2014_restart.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1136" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Michigan_International_Speedway" title="Michigan International Speedway">Michigan International Speedway</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn,_Michigan" title="Brooklyn, Michigan">Brooklyn, Michigan</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Michigan_International_Speedway" title="Michigan International Speedway">Michigan International Speedway</a> is the site of <a href="/wiki/NASCAR" title="NASCAR">NASCAR</a> races and Detroit was formerly the site of a Formula One World Championship <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Grand_Prix" title="Detroit Grand Prix">Grand Prix</a> race. From 1959 to 1961, <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Dragway" title="Detroit Dragway">Detroit Dragway</a> hosted the <a href="/wiki/NHRA" class="mw-redirect" title="NHRA">NHRA</a>'s U.S. Nationals.<a href="#cite_note-164">[160]</a> Michigan is home to one of the major canoeing marathons: the 120-mile (190 km) <a href="/wiki/Au_Sable_River_Canoe_Marathon" title="Au Sable River Canoe Marathon">Au Sable River Canoe Marathon</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Port_Huron_to_Mackinac_Boat_Race" title="Port Huron to Mackinac Boat Race">Port Huron to Mackinac Boat Race</a> is also a favorite. Twenty-time Grand Slam champion <a href="/wiki/Serena_Williams" title="Serena Williams">Serena Williams</a> was born in Saginaw. The <a href="/wiki/2011_World_Artistic_Gymnastics_Championships" title="2011 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships">2011 World Champion for Women's Artistic Gymnastics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordyn_Wieber" title="Jordyn Wieber">Jordyn Wieber</a> is from DeWitt. Wieber was also a member of the <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_artistic_team_all-around" title="Gymnastics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's artistic team all-around">gold medal team</a> at the London Olympics in 2012. Collegiate sports in Michigan are popular in addition to professional sports. The state's two largest athletic programs are the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines" title="Michigan Wolverines">Michigan Wolverines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michigan_State_Spartans" title="Michigan State Spartans">Michigan State Spartans</a>, which play in the <a href="/wiki/NCAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA">NCAA</a> <a href="/wiki/Big_Ten_Conference" title="Big Ten Conference">Big Ten Conference</a>. <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Stadium" title="Michigan Stadium">Michigan Stadium</a> in Ann Arbor, home to the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines_football" title="Michigan Wolverines football">Michigan Wolverines football</a> team, is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_stadiums" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest stadiums">largest stadium in the Western Hemisphere</a> and the third-largest stadium worldwide. The <a href="/wiki/Michigan_High_School_Athletic_Association" title="Michigan High School Athletic Association">Michigan High School Athletic Association</a> features around 300,000 participants. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_Michigan" title="List of colleges and universities in Michigan">List of colleges and universities in Michigan</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_high_schools_in_Michigan" title="List of high schools in Michigan">List of high schools in Michigan</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:220px;max-width:220px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:163px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:A_picture_of_the_University_of_Michigan_campus_in_Ann_Arbor,_Michigan,_USA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/A_picture_of_the_University_of_Michigan_campus_in_Ann_Arbor%2C_Michigan%2C_USA.jpg/218px-A_picture_of_the_University_of_Michigan_campus_in_Ann_Arbor%2C_Michigan%2C_USA.jpg" decoding="async" width="218" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/A_picture_of_the_University_of_Michigan_campus_in_Ann_Arbor%2C_Michigan%2C_USA.jpg/327px-A_picture_of_the_University_of_Michigan_campus_in_Ann_Arbor%2C_Michigan%2C_USA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/A_picture_of_the_University_of_Michigan_campus_in_Ann_Arbor%2C_Michigan%2C_USA.jpg/436px-A_picture_of_the_University_of_Michigan_campus_in_Ann_Arbor%2C_Michigan%2C_USA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a></div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cranbrook11.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Cranbrook11.jpeg/220px-Cranbrook11.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Cranbrook11.jpeg/330px-Cranbrook11.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Cranbrook11.jpeg/440px-Cranbrook11.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cranbrook_Kingswood_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Cranbrook Kingswood School">Cranbrook Kingswood School</a>, one of the leading college preparatory <a href="/wiki/Boarding_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Boarding schools">boarding schools</a> in the country</figcaption></figure> Michigan's education system serves 1.6 million K-12 students in public schools. More than 124,000 students attend private schools and an uncounted number are <a href="/wiki/Homeschooling_in_the_United_States" title="Homeschooling in the United States">homeschooled</a> under certain legal requirements.<a href="#cite_note-165">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[162]</a> The public school system had a $14.5 billion budget in 2008–09.<a href="#cite_note-167">[163]</a> From 2009 to 2019, over 200 <a href="/wiki/Private_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Private schools">private schools</a> in Michigan closed, partly due to competition from <a href="/wiki/Charter_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Charter schools">charter schools</a>.<a href="#cite_note-168">[164]</a> In 2022, U.S. News & World Report rated three Michigan high schools among the nation's 100 best: <a href="/wiki/City_High_Middle_School" class="mw-redirect" title="City High Middle School">City High Middle School</a> (18th), the <a href="/wiki/International_Academy_of_Macomb" title="International Academy of Macomb">International Academy of Macomb</a> (21st), and the <a href="/wiki/International_Academy" title="International Academy">International Academy</a> (52nd). <a href="/wiki/Ypsilanti_Community_Schools" title="Ypsilanti Community Schools">Washtenaw International High School</a> ranked 107th.<a href="#cite_note-169">[165]</a> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a> is Michigan's oldest higher educational institution and among the oldest <a href="/wiki/Research_universities" class="mw-redirect" title="Research universities">research universities</a> in the nation. It was founded in 1817, 20 years before <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Territory" title="Michigan Territory">Michigan Territory</a> achieved statehood.<a href="#cite_note-170">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[167]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kalamazoo_College" title="Kalamazoo College">Kalamazoo College</a> is the state's oldest private liberal arts college, founded in 1833 by a group of <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a> ministers as the Michigan and Huron Institute. From 1840 to 1850, the college operated as the Kalamazoo Branch of the University of Michigan. <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a> settlers in <a href="/wiki/Spring_Arbor_Township" class="mw-redirect" title="Spring Arbor Township">Spring Arbor Township</a> founded <a href="/wiki/Albion_College" title="Albion College">Albion College</a> in 1835. It is the state's second-oldest private liberal arts college. <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Technological_University" title="Michigan Technological University">Michigan Technological University</a> is the first post-secondary institution in the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Peninsula_of_Michigan" title="Upper Peninsula of Michigan">Upper Peninsula of Michigan</a>, founded in 1885 as the Michigan Mining School. <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Michigan_University" title="Eastern Michigan University">Eastern Michigan University</a> was founded in 1849 as the Michigan State Normal School for the training of teachers. It was the nation's fourth-oldest <a href="/wiki/Normal_school#United_States" title="Normal school">normal school</a> and the first U.S. normal school outside <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>. In 1899, the Michigan State Normal School became the nation's first normal school to offer a four-year curriculum. <a href="/wiki/Michigan_State_University" title="Michigan State University">Michigan State University</a> was founded in 1855 as the nation's first <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_college" class="mw-redirect" title="Agricultural college">agricultural college</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Foundation_for_the_Advancement_of_Teaching" title="Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching">Carnegie Foundation</a> classifies eight of the state's institutions (Michigan State University, Michigan Technological University, Eastern Michigan University, <a href="/wiki/Wayne_State_University" title="Wayne State University">Wayne State University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Michigan_University" title="Central Michigan University">Central Michigan University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Michigan_University" title="Western Michigan University">Western Michigan University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oakland_University" title="Oakland University">Oakland University</a>, University of Michigan) as <a href="/wiki/Research_universities" class="mw-redirect" title="Research universities">research universities</a>.<a href="#cite_note-172">[168]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1275594942">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center .gallery{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left .gallery{justify-content:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right .gallery{justify-content:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery.gallery.gallery{line-height:1.35em;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;column-gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{outline:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hoben_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kalamazoo College"><img alt="Kalamazoo College" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Hoben_Hall.jpg/180px-Hoben_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Hoben_Hall.jpg/270px-Hoben_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Hoben_Hall.jpg/360px-Hoben_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1200" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kalamazoo_College" title="Kalamazoo College">Kalamazoo College</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Burrage_Library_.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Olivet College"><img alt="Olivet College" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Burrage_Library_.jpg/174px-Burrage_Library_.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Burrage_Library_.jpg/261px-Burrage_Library_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Burrage_Library_.jpg/348px-Burrage_Library_.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Olivet_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Olivet College">Olivet College</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:HopeDimnentChapel9.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hope College"><img alt="Hope College" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/HopeDimnentChapel9.jpg/180px-HopeDimnentChapel9.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/HopeDimnentChapel9.jpg/270px-HopeDimnentChapel9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/HopeDimnentChapel9.jpg/360px-HopeDimnentChapel9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Hope_College" title="Hope College">Hope College</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Finlandia_University_Entrance_Sign_Hancock_Michigan_2021-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Finlandia University"><img alt="Finlandia University" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Finlandia_University_Entrance_Sign_Hancock_Michigan_2021-2.jpg/163px-Finlandia_University_Entrance_Sign_Hancock_Michigan_2021-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="163" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Finlandia_University_Entrance_Sign_Hancock_Michigan_2021-2.jpg/244px-Finlandia_University_Entrance_Sign_Hancock_Michigan_2021-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Finlandia_University_Entrance_Sign_Hancock_Michigan_2021-2.jpg/325px-Finlandia_University_Entrance_Sign_Hancock_Michigan_2021-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5025" data-file-height="4020" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Finlandia_University" title="Finlandia University">Finlandia University</a></div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy">Energy</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Michigan" title="List of power stations in Michigan">List of power stations in Michigan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fermi_NPP.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Fermi_NPP.jpg/220px-Fermi_NPP.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Fermi_NPP.jpg/330px-Fermi_NPP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Fermi_NPP.jpg/440px-Fermi_NPP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2620" data-file-height="2130" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi_Nuclear_Generating_Station" title="Enrico Fermi Nuclear Generating Station">Enrico Fermi Nuclear Generating Station</a> on the shore of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Erie" title="Lake Erie">Lake Erie</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Monroe,_Michigan" title="Monroe, Michigan">Monroe</a></figcaption></figure> In 2020, Michigan consumed 113,740- <a href="/wiki/Kilowatt_hour#Watt-hour_multiples" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilowatt hour">gigawatt-hours</a> (GWh) of electrical energy and produced 116,700 (GWh) of electrical energy.<a href="#cite_note-MI-ESRP-173">[169]</a> <a href="/wiki/Coal_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal power">Coal power</a> is Michigan's leading source of electricity, producing roughly half its supply or 53,100 GWh of electrical energy (12.6 GW total capacity) in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-MI-ESRP-173">[169]</a> Although Michigan has no active coal mines, coal is easily moved from other states by train and across the <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a> by <a href="/wiki/Lake_freighter" title="Lake freighter">lake freighters</a>. The lower price of natural gas is leading to the closure of most coal plants, with Consumer Energy planning to close all of its remaining coal plants by 2025;<a href="#cite_note-174">[170]</a> DTE plans to retire 2100MW of coal power by 2023.<a href="#cite_note-175">[171]</a> The coal-fired <a href="/wiki/Monroe_Power_Plant" title="Monroe Power Plant">Monroe Power Plant</a> in <a href="/wiki/Monroe,_Michigan" title="Monroe, Michigan">Monroe</a>, on the western shore of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Erie" title="Lake Erie">Lake Erie</a>, is the nation's 11th-largest electric plant, with a net capacity of 3,400 MW. <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">Nuclear power</a> is also a significant source of electrical power in Michigan, producing roughly one-quarter of the state's supply or 28,000-<a href="/wiki/Kilowatt_hour#Watt-hour_multiples" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilowatt hour">gigawatt-hours</a> (GWh) of electrical energy (4.3 GW total capacity) in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-MI-ESRP-173">[169]</a> The three active nuclear power plants supply Michigan with about 26% of its electricity. <a href="/wiki/Donald_C._Cook_Nuclear_Plant" title="Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant">Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant</a>, just north of <a href="/wiki/Bridgman,_Michigan" title="Bridgman, Michigan">Bridgman</a>, is the state's largest <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_plant" title="Nuclear power plant">nuclear power plant</a>, with a net capacity of 2,213 MW. The <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi_Nuclear_Generating_Station" title="Enrico Fermi Nuclear Generating Station">Enrico Fermi Nuclear Generating Station</a> is the second-largest, with a net capacity of 1,150 MW. It is also one of the two nuclear power plants in the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit metropolitan area">Detroit metropolitan area</a> (within a 50-mile radius of Detroit's city center), about halfway between <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo, Ohio</a>, the other being the <a href="/wiki/Davis%E2%80%93Besse_Nuclear_Power_Station" title="Davis–Besse Nuclear Power Station">Davis–Besse Nuclear Power Station</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_County,_Ohio" title="Ottawa County, Ohio">Ottawa County, Ohio</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Palisades_Nuclear_Power_Plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Palisades Nuclear Power Plant">Palisades Nuclear Power Plant</a>, south of <a href="/wiki/South_Haven,_Michigan" title="South Haven, Michigan">South Haven</a>, closed in May 2022.<a href="#cite_note-176">[172]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Big_Rock_Point_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Big Rock Point Nuclear Power Plant">Big Rock Point Nuclear Power Plant</a>, Michigan's first nuclear power plant and the nation's fifth, was decommissioned in 1997. Utility companies were required to generate at least 10% of their energy from renewable sources by 2015, under Public Act 295 of 2008. In 2016, the legislature set another mandate to reach at least 12.5% renewable energy by 2019 and 15% by end of year 2021, which all utilities subject to the law successfully met. By the end of 2022, Michigan had at least 6 GW of renewable generating capacity, and was projected to have at least 8 GW by the end of 2026. Wind energy accounted for 59% of all Michigan energy credits in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-177">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[174]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="International_crossings">International crossings</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lake_freighter_approaches_a_bridge_(32304530671).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Lake_freighter_approaches_a_bridge_%2832304530671%29.jpg/220px-Lake_freighter_approaches_a_bridge_%2832304530671%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Lake_freighter_approaches_a_bridge_%2832304530671%29.jpg/330px-Lake_freighter_approaches_a_bridge_%2832304530671%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Lake_freighter_approaches_a_bridge_%2832304530671%29.jpg/440px-Lake_freighter_approaches_a_bridge_%2832304530671%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6144" data-file-height="4088" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Bluewater_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Bluewater Bridge">Blue Water Bridge</a>, a twin-span bridge across the <a href="/wiki/St._Clair_River" title="St. Clair River">St. Clair River</a> that links <a href="/wiki/Port_Huron" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Huron">Port Huron</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sarnia,_Ontario" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarnia, Ontario">Sarnia, Ontario</a></figcaption></figure> Michigan has nine international road crossings with Ontario, Canada: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambassador_Bridge" title="Ambassador Bridge">Ambassador Bridge</a>, North America's busiest international border, crossing the Detroit River</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Water_Bridge" title="Blue Water Bridge">Blue Water Bridge</a>, a twin-span bridge (<a href="/wiki/Port_Huron,_Michigan" title="Port Huron, Michigan">Port Huron, Michigan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Point_Edward,_Ontario" title="Point Edward, Ontario">Point Edward, Ontario</a>, but the larger city of <a href="/wiki/Sarnia" title="Sarnia">Sarnia</a> is usually referred to on the Canadian side)</li> <li>Blue Water Ferry (<a href="/wiki/Marine_City,_Michigan" title="Marine City, Michigan">Marine City, Michigan</a>, and Sombra, Ontario)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Central_Railway_Tunnel" title="Michigan Central Railway Tunnel">Canadian Pacific Railway tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit%E2%80%93Windsor_Truck_Ferry" title="Detroit–Windsor Truck Ferry">Detroit–Windsor Truck Ferry</a> (Detroit and <a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario">Windsor</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit%E2%80%93Windsor_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit–Windsor Tunnel">Detroit–Windsor Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sault_Ste._Marie_International_Bridge" title="Sault Ste. Marie International Bridge">International Bridge</a> (Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, and <a href="/wiki/Sault_Ste._Marie,_Ontario" title="Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario">Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Clair_Tunnel" title="St. Clair Tunnel">St. Clair River Railway Tunnel</a> (Port Huron and Sarnia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walpole_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Walpole Island">Walpole Island</a> Ferry (<a href="/wiki/Algonac,_Michigan" title="Algonac, Michigan">Algonac, Michigan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Walpole_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Walpole Island">Walpole Island</a> First Nation, Ontario)</li></ul> The <a href="/wiki/Gordie_Howe_International_Bridge" title="Gordie Howe International Bridge">Gordie Howe International Bridge</a>, a second international bridge between Detroit and Windsor, is under construction. It is expected to be completed in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-179">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[177]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Railroads">Railroads</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Michigan_railroads" title="List of Michigan railroads">List of Michigan railroads</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_railroads_in_Michigan" title="History of railroads in Michigan">History of railroads in Michigan</a></div> Michigan is served by four <a href="/wiki/Class_I_railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Class I railroad">Class I railroads</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_National_Railway" title="Canadian National Railway">Canadian National Railway</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Railway" title="Canadian Pacific Railway">Canadian Pacific Railway</a>, <a href="/wiki/CSX_Transportation" title="CSX Transportation">CSX Transportation</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Southern_Railway" title="Norfolk Southern Railway">Norfolk Southern Railway</a>. These are augmented by several dozen <a href="/wiki/Short_line_railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Short line railroad">short line railroads</a>. The vast majority of rail service in Michigan is devoted to <a href="/wiki/Freight_rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Freight rail">freight</a>, with Amtrak and various scenic railroads the exceptions.<a href="#cite_note-182">[178]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Services" title="Michigan Services">Michigan Services</a></div> Three <a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a> passenger rail routes serve the state. The <a href="/wiki/Pere_Marquette_(Amtrak_train)" title="Pere Marquette (Amtrak train)">Pere Marquette</a> from Chicago to Grand Rapids, the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Water_(train)" title="Blue Water (train)">Blue Water</a> from Chicago to Port Huron, and the <a href="/wiki/Wolverine_(Amtrak_train)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolverine (Amtrak train)">Wolverine</a> from Chicago to Pontiac. There are plans for <a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">commuter rail</a> for Detroit and its suburbs (see <a href="/wiki/SEMCOG_Commuter_Rail" class="mw-redirect" title="SEMCOG Commuter Rail">SEMCOG Commuter Rail</a>).<a href="#cite_note-183">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[181]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Roadways">Roadways</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Michigan_State_Trunkline_Highway_System" title="Michigan State Trunkline Highway System">Michigan State Trunkline Highway System</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_County-Designated_Highways_in_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of County-Designated Highways in Michigan">County-Designated Highways in Michigan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US2_Along_Lake_Michigan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/US2_Along_Lake_Michigan.jpg/220px-US2_Along_Lake_Michigan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/US2_Along_Lake_Michigan.jpg/330px-US2_Along_Lake_Michigan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/US2_Along_Lake_Michigan.jpg/440px-US2_Along_Lake_Michigan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="1288" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_2_in_Michigan" title="U.S. Route 2 in Michigan">U.S. Highway 2</a> (U.S. 2) runs along <a href="/wiki/Lake_Michigan" title="Lake Michigan">Lake Michigan</a> from <a href="/wiki/Naubinway_Island" title="Naubinway Island">Naubinway</a> to its eastern terminus at <a href="/wiki/St._Ignace,_Michigan" title="St. Ignace, Michigan">St. Ignace</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LightningVolt_Mackinac_Bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/LightningVolt_Mackinac_Bridge.jpg/220px-LightningVolt_Mackinac_Bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/LightningVolt_Mackinac_Bridge.jpg/330px-LightningVolt_Mackinac_Bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/LightningVolt_Mackinac_Bridge.jpg/440px-LightningVolt_Mackinac_Bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="353" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Mackinac_Bridge" title="Mackinac Bridge">Mackinac Bridge</a>, a suspension bridge spanning the <a href="/wiki/Straits_of_Mackinac" title="Straits of Mackinac">Straits of Mackinac</a> to connect the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Michigan">Upper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lower_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Michigan">Lower</a> peninsulas of Michigan</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_75_in_Michigan" title="Interstate 75 in Michigan">Interstate 75</a> (I-75) is the main thoroughfare between Detroit, Flint, and <a href="/wiki/Saginaw,_Michigan" title="Saginaw, Michigan">Saginaw</a> extending north to <a href="/wiki/Sault_Ste._Marie,_Ontario" title="Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario">Sault Ste. Marie</a> and providing access to Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. The freeway crosses the <a href="/wiki/Mackinac_Bridge" title="Mackinac Bridge">Mackinac Bridge</a> between the Lower and Upper Peninsulas. Auxiliary highways include <a href="/wiki/Interstate_275_(Michigan)" title="Interstate 275 (Michigan)">I-275</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_375_(Michigan)" title="Interstate 375 (Michigan)">I-375</a> in Detroit; <a href="/wiki/Interstate_475_(Michigan)" title="Interstate 475 (Michigan)">I-475</a> in Flint; and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_675_(Michigan)" title="Interstate 675 (Michigan)">I-675</a> in Saginaw.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_69_in_Michigan" title="Interstate 69 in Michigan">I-69</a> enters the state near the Michigan–Ohio–Indiana border, and it extends to <a href="/wiki/Port_Huron,_Michigan" title="Port Huron, Michigan">Port Huron</a> and provides access to the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Water_Bridge" title="Blue Water Bridge">Blue Water Bridge</a> crossing into <a href="/wiki/Sarnia" title="Sarnia">Sarnia</a>, Ontario.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_94_in_Michigan" title="Interstate 94 in Michigan">I-94</a> enters the western end of the state at the Indiana border, and it travels east to Detroit and then northeast to Port Huron and ties in with I-69. <a href="/wiki/Interstate_194_(Michigan)" title="Interstate 194 (Michigan)">I-194</a> branches off from this freeway in Battle Creek. I-94 is the main artery between Chicago and Detroit.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_96" title="Interstate 96">I-96</a> runs east–west between Detroit and <a href="/wiki/Muskegon,_Michigan" title="Muskegon, Michigan">Muskegon</a>. <a href="/wiki/Interstate_496" title="Interstate 496">I-496</a> loops through Lansing. <a href="/wiki/Interstate_196" title="Interstate 196">I-196</a> branches off from this freeway at Grand Rapids and connects to I-94 near Benton Harbor. <a href="/wiki/Interstate_696" title="Interstate 696">I-696</a> branches off from this freeway at <a href="/wiki/Novi,_Michigan" title="Novi, Michigan">Novi</a> and connects to I-94 near <a href="/wiki/St._Clair_Shores,_Michigan" title="St. Clair Shores, Michigan">St. Clair Shores</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_2_in_Michigan" title="U.S. Route 2 in Michigan">U.S. Highway 2</a> (U.S. 2) enters Michigan at the city of <a href="/wiki/Ironwood,_Michigan" title="Ironwood, Michigan">Ironwood</a> and travels east to the town of <a href="/wiki/Crystal_Falls,_Michigan" title="Crystal Falls, Michigan">Crystal Falls</a>, where it turns south and briefly re-enters Wisconsin northwest of <a href="/wiki/Florence_(CDP),_Wisconsin" title="Florence (CDP), Wisconsin">Florence</a>. It re-enters Michigan north of <a href="/wiki/Iron_Mountain,_Michigan" title="Iron Mountain, Michigan">Iron Mountain</a> and continues through the Upper Peninsula of Michigan to the cities of <a href="/wiki/Escanaba,_Michigan" title="Escanaba, Michigan">Escanaba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manistique,_Michigan" title="Manistique, Michigan">Manistique</a>, and <a href="/wiki/St._Ignace,_Michigan" title="St. Ignace, Michigan">St. Ignace</a>. Along the way, it cuts through the <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_National_Forest" title="Ottawa National Forest">Ottawa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hiawatha_National_Forest" title="Hiawatha National Forest">Hiawatha</a> national forests and follows the northern shore of Lake Michigan. Its eastern terminus lies at exit 344 on I-75, just north of the Mackinac Bridge.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_23_in_Michigan" title="U.S. Route 23 in Michigan">U.S. Highway 23</a> enters Michigan at the Ohio state line in the suburban spillover of <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo, Ohio</a>, as a freeway and leads northward to Ann Arbor before merging with I-75 just south of Flint. Concurrent with I-75 through Flint, Saginaw, and Bay City, it splits from I-75 at <a href="/wiki/Standish,_Michigan" title="Standish, Michigan">Standish</a> as an intermittently four lane/two-lane surface road closely following the western shore of Lake Huron generally northward through Alpena before turning west to northwest toward Mackinaw City and Interstate 75 again, where it terminates.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_31_in_Michigan" title="U.S. Route 31 in Michigan">U.S. Highway 31</a> enters Michigan as Interstate-quality freeway at the Indiana state line just northwest of South Bend, Indiana, heads north to Interstate 196 near Benton Harbor, and follows the eastern shore of Lake Michigan to Mackinaw City, where it has its northern terminus.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_127_in_Michigan" title="U.S. Route 127 in Michigan">U.S. Highway 127</a> enters Michigan from Ohio south of <a href="/wiki/Hudson,_Michigan" title="Hudson, Michigan">Hudson</a> as a two-lane, undivided highway and closely follows the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_meridian" title="Michigan meridian">Michigan meridian</a>, the principal north–south line used to survey Michigan in the early 19th century. It passes north through <a href="/wiki/Jackson,_Michigan" title="Jackson, Michigan">Jackson</a> and Lansing before terminating south of <a href="/wiki/Grayling,_Michigan" title="Grayling, Michigan">Grayling</a> at I-75, and is a four-lane freeway for the majority of its course.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_131" title="U.S. Route 131">U.S. Highway 131</a> has its southern terminus at the Indiana Toll Road roughly one mile south of the Indiana state line as a two-lane surface road. It passes through Kalamazoo and Grand Rapids as a freeway of Interstate standard and continues as such to <a href="/wiki/Manton,_Michigan" title="Manton, Michigan">Manton</a>, where it reverts to two-lane surface road to its northern terminus at U.S. 31 in Petoskey.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Intercity_bus_services">Intercity bus services</h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amtrak_Thruway" title="Amtrak Thruway">Amtrak Thruway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barons_Bus_Lines" title="Barons Bus Lines">Barons Bus Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flixbus" class="mw-redirect" title="Flixbus">Flixbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greyhound_Lines" title="Greyhound Lines">Greyhound Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Trails" title="Indian Trails">Indian Trails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megabus_(North_America)" title="Megabus (North America)">Megabus</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Airports">Airports</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Michigan" title="List of airports in Michigan">List of airports in Michigan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DTW_McNamara_Terminal_from_the_air.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/DTW_McNamara_Terminal_from_the_air.jpg/220px-DTW_McNamara_Terminal_from_the_air.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/DTW_McNamara_Terminal_from_the_air.jpg/330px-DTW_McNamara_Terminal_from_the_air.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/DTW_McNamara_Terminal_from_the_air.jpg/440px-DTW_McNamara_Terminal_from_the_air.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="2046" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Metropolitan_Airport" title="Detroit Metropolitan Airport">Detroit Metro Airport</a> (DTW)</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Metropolitan_Airport" title="Detroit Metropolitan Airport">Detroit Metropolitan Airport</a> in the western suburb of <a href="/wiki/Romulus,_Michigan" title="Romulus, Michigan">Romulus</a>, was in 2010 the 16th busiest airfield in North America measured by passenger traffic.<a href="#cite_note-186">[182]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Gerald_R._Ford_International_Airport" title="Gerald R. Ford International Airport">Gerald R. Ford International Airport</a> in Grand Rapids is the next busiest airport in the state, served by eight airlines to 23 destinations. Flint <a href="/wiki/Bishop_International_Airport" title="Bishop International Airport">Bishop International Airport</a> is the third largest airport in the state, served by four airlines to several primary hubs. Other frequently trafficked airports include <a href="/wiki/Cherry_Capital_Airport" title="Cherry Capital Airport">Cherry Capital Airport</a>, in Traverse City; <a href="/wiki/Kalamazoo/Battle_Creek_International_Airport" title="Kalamazoo/Battle Creek International Airport">Kalamazoo/Battle Creek International Airport</a>, serving the Kalamazoo and Battle Creek region; <a href="/wiki/Capital_Region_International_Airport" title="Capital Region International Airport">Capital Region International Airport</a>, located outside of Lansing; and <a href="/wiki/MBS_International_Airport" title="MBS International Airport">MBS International Airport</a> serving the <a href="/wiki/Midland,_Michigan" title="Midland, Michigan">Midland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bay_City,_Michigan" title="Bay City, Michigan">Bay City</a> and Saginaw tri-city region. Additionally, smaller regional and local airports are located throughout the state including on several islands. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Michigan">List of Governors of Michigan</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Michigan" title="United States congressional delegations from Michigan">United States congressional delegations from Michigan</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_government">State government</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Michigan" title="Government of Michigan">Government of Michigan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michigan_state_capitol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Michigan_state_capitol.jpg/220px-Michigan_state_capitol.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Michigan_state_capitol.jpg/330px-Michigan_state_capitol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Michigan_state_capitol.jpg/440px-Michigan_state_capitol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Michigan_State_Capitol" title="Michigan State Capitol">Michigan State Capitol</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lansing" class="mw-redirect" title="Lansing">Lansing</a> houses the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Legislature" title="Michigan Legislature">legislative branch</a> of the government of the US state of Michigan.</figcaption></figure> Michigan is governed as a republic, with three <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">branches of government</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Executive_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive branch">executive branch</a> consisting of the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Michigan" title="Governor of Michigan">Governor of Michigan</a> and the other independently elected constitutional officers; the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative branch">legislative branch</a> consisting of the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_State_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Michigan State House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Senate" title="Michigan Senate">Senate</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_branch" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial branch">judicial branch</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Michigan Constitution">Michigan Constitution</a> allows for the direct participation of the electorate by statutory <a href="/wiki/Popular_initiative" title="Popular initiative">initiative</a> and <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Recall_election" title="Recall election">recall</a>, and constitutional initiative and <a href="/wiki/Ratification" title="Ratification">referral</a> (Article II, § 9,<a href="#cite_note-187">[183]</a> defined as "the power to propose laws and to enact and reject laws, called the initiative, and the power to approve or reject laws enacted by the legislature, called the referendum. The power of initiative extends only to laws which the legislature may enact under this constitution"). <a href="/wiki/Lansing,_Michigan" title="Lansing, Michigan">Lansing</a> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_the_United_States" title="List of capitals in the United States">state capital</a> and is home to all three branches of state government. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michigan_House_of_Representatives.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Michigan_House_of_Representatives.jpg/220px-Michigan_House_of_Representatives.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Michigan_House_of_Representatives.jpg/330px-Michigan_House_of_Representatives.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Michigan_House_of_Representatives.jpg/440px-Michigan_House_of_Representatives.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>The floor of the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_House_of_Representatives" title="Michigan House of Representatives">Michigan House of Representatives</a></figcaption></figure> The governor and the other state constitutional officers serve four-year terms and may be re-elected only once. The current governor is <a href="/wiki/Gretchen_Whitmer" title="Gretchen Whitmer">Gretchen Whitmer</a>. Michigan has two official <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Governor%27s_Residence" class="mw-redirect" title="Michigan Governor's Residence">Governor's Residences</a>; one is in Lansing, and the other is on <a href="/wiki/Mackinac_Island" title="Mackinac Island">Mackinac Island</a>. The other constitutionally elected executive officers are the <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Michigan" title="Lieutenant Governor of Michigan">lieutenant governor</a>, who is elected on a joint ticket with the governor; the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_of_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State of Michigan">secretary of state</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney General of Michigan">attorney general</a>. The lieutenant governor presides over the Senate (voting only in case of a tie) and is also a member of the cabinet. The secretary of state is the chief elections officer and is charged with running many licensure programs including motor vehicles, all of which are done through the branch offices of the secretary of state. The <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Legislature" title="Michigan Legislature">Michigan Legislature</a> consists of a 38-member Senate and 110-member House of Representatives. Members of both houses of the legislature are elected through <a href="/wiki/First_past_the_post" class="mw-redirect" title="First past the post">first past the post</a> elections by single-member electoral districts of near-equal population that often have boundaries which coincide with county and municipal lines. Senators serve four-year terms concurrent to those of the governor, while representatives serve two-year terms. The <a href="/wiki/Michigan_State_Capitol" title="Michigan State Capitol">Michigan State Capitol</a> was dedicated in 1879 and has hosted the executive and legislative branches of the state ever since. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michigan_National_Guard_members_participate_in_inauguration,_Adjutant_General_swearing-in_190101-F-VX133-049.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Michigan_National_Guard_members_participate_in_inauguration%2C_Adjutant_General_swearing-in_190101-F-VX133-049.jpg/220px-Michigan_National_Guard_members_participate_in_inauguration%2C_Adjutant_General_swearing-in_190101-F-VX133-049.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Michigan_National_Guard_members_participate_in_inauguration%2C_Adjutant_General_swearing-in_190101-F-VX133-049.jpg/330px-Michigan_National_Guard_members_participate_in_inauguration%2C_Adjutant_General_swearing-in_190101-F-VX133-049.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Michigan_National_Guard_members_participate_in_inauguration%2C_Adjutant_General_swearing-in_190101-F-VX133-049.jpg/440px-Michigan_National_Guard_members_participate_in_inauguration%2C_Adjutant_General_swearing-in_190101-F-VX133-049.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3783" data-file-height="2735" /></a><figcaption>Governor Gretchen Whitmer speaking at a National Guard ceremony in 2019</figcaption></figure> The Michigan judiciary consists of two courts with primary jurisdiction (the Circuit Courts and the District Courts), one intermediate level appellate court (the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Court_of_Appeals" title="Michigan Court of Appeals">Michigan Court of Appeals</a>), and the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Supreme_Court" title="Michigan Supreme Court">Michigan Supreme Court</a>. There are several administrative courts and specialized courts. District courts are trial courts of <a href="/wiki/Limited_jurisdiction" title="Limited jurisdiction">limited jurisdiction</a>, handling most traffic violations, small claims, <a href="/wiki/Misdemeanor" title="Misdemeanor">misdemeanors</a>, and civil suits where the amount contended is below $25,000. District courts are often responsible for handling the preliminary examination and for setting bail in felony cases. District court judges are elected to terms of six years. In a few locations, municipal courts have been retained to the exclusion of the establishment of district courts. There are 57 circuit courts in the State of Michigan, which have <a href="/wiki/Original_jurisdiction" title="Original jurisdiction">original jurisdiction</a> over all civil suits where the amount contended in the case exceeds $25,000 and all criminal cases involving <a href="/wiki/Felony" title="Felony">felonies</a>. Circuit courts are also the only trial courts in the State of Michigan which possess the power to issue <a href="/wiki/Equitable_remedies" class="mw-redirect" title="Equitable remedies">equitable remedies</a>. Circuit courts have <a href="/wiki/Appellate_jurisdiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Appellate jurisdiction">appellate jurisdiction</a> from district and municipal courts, as well as from decisions and decrees of state agencies. Most counties have their own circuit court, but sparsely populated counties often share them. Circuit court judges are elected to terms of six years. State appellate court judges are elected to terms of six years, but vacancies are filled by an appointment by the governor. There are four divisions of the Court of Appeals in Detroit, Grand Rapids, Lansing, and Marquette. Cases are heard by the Court of Appeals by panels of three judges, who examine the application of the law and not the facts of the case unless there has been grievous error pertaining to questions of fact. The Michigan Supreme Court consists of seven members who are elected on non-partisan ballots for staggered eight-year terms. The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction only in narrow circumstances but holds appellate jurisdiction over the entire state judicial system. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law">Law</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Michigan" title="Law of Michigan">Law of Michigan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:712_michigan_hofj_edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/712_michigan_hofj_edit.jpg/220px-712_michigan_hofj_edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/712_michigan_hofj_edit.jpg/330px-712_michigan_hofj_edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/712_michigan_hofj_edit.jpg/440px-712_michigan_hofj_edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Supreme_Court" title="Michigan Supreme Court">Michigan Supreme Court</a> at the Hall of Justice</figcaption></figure> Michigan has had four constitutions, the first of which was ratified on October 5 and 6, 1835.<a href="#cite_note-188">[184]</a> There were also constitutions from 1850 and 1908, in addition to the current constitution from 1963. The current document has a preamble, 11 articles, and one section consisting of a schedule and temporary provisions. Michigan, like every U.S. state except <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, has a <a href="/wiki/Common_law" title="Common law">common law</a> legal system. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Michigan" title="Politics of Michigan">Politics of Michigan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michigan_Presidential_Election_Results_2024.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Michigan_Presidential_Election_Results_2024.svg/220px-Michigan_Presidential_Election_Results_2024.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Michigan_Presidential_Election_Results_2024.svg/330px-Michigan_Presidential_Election_Results_2024.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Michigan_Presidential_Election_Results_2024.svg/440px-Michigan_Presidential_Election_Results_2024.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="810" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election_in_Michigan" title="2024 United States presidential election in Michigan">2024 U.S. presidential election results</a> by county in Michigan <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;">  Democratic</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;">  Republican</div></figcaption></figure> Having been a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a>-leaning state at the presidential level since the 1990s, Michigan has evolved into a <a href="/wiki/Swing_state" title="Swing state">swing state</a> after <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> won the state in <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016</a>. He then won it again in <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024</a>, after losing it by a slim 2.8% to Democrat <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> in <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020</a>. Governors since the 1970s have alternated between the Democrats and <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republicans</a>, and statewide offices including <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Attorney_General" title="Michigan Attorney General">attorney general</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Secretary_of_State" title="Michigan Secretary of State">secretary of state</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">senator</a> have been held by members of both parties in varying proportion. Additionally, from <a href="/wiki/1994_Michigan_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Michigan gubernatorial election">1994</a> until <a href="/wiki/2022_Michigan_gubernatorial_election" title="2022 Michigan gubernatorial election">2022</a>, the governor-elect had always come from the party opposite the presidency. Following the <a href="/wiki/2024_Michigan_elections" title="2024 Michigan elections">2024 elections</a>, control of <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Legislature" title="Michigan Legislature">Michigan Legislature</a> is split, with the Democratic Party having a slim majority of two seats in the Senate while the Republican Party holds a 58 seat majority in the House. The state's <a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Michigan" title="United States congressional delegations from Michigan">congressional delegation</a> is commonly split, with one party or the other typically holding a narrow majority; as of 2025 Republicans have a 7-6 majority. Michigan was the home of <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a>, the 38th president of the United States. Born in Nebraska, he moved as an infant to Grand Rapids.<a href="#cite_note-189">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-ford-Nebraska-190">[186]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Gerald_R._Ford_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerald R. Ford Museum">Gerald R. Ford Museum</a> is in Grand Rapids, and the <a href="/wiki/Gerald_R._Ford_Presidential_Library" title="Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library">Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library</a> is on the campus of his alma mater, the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. In a 2020 study, Michigan was ranked as the 13th easiest state for citizens to vote in.<a href="#cite_note-191">[187]</a> In 2022, Michigan voters passed an amendment recognising abortion and contraceptive rights within the <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Michigan Constitution">state's constitution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-freep_passage-192">[188]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="State_symbols_and_nicknames">State symbols and nicknames</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dwarf_Lake_Iris.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Dwarf_Lake_Iris.jpg/220px-Dwarf_Lake_Iris.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Dwarf_Lake_Iris.jpg/330px-Dwarf_Lake_Iris.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Dwarf_Lake_Iris.jpg/440px-Dwarf_Lake_Iris.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_lake_iris" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwarf lake iris">Dwarf lake iris</a></figcaption></figure> Michigan is traditionally known as "The Wolverine State", and the University of Michigan uses the wolverine as its mascot. The association is well and long established: for example, many Detroiters volunteered to fight during the American Civil War and <a href="/wiki/George_Armstrong_Custer" title="George Armstrong Custer">George Armstrong Custer</a>, who led the Michigan Brigade, called them the "Wolverines". The origins of this association are obscure; it may derive from a busy trade in wolverine furs in Sault Ste. Marie in the 18th century or may recall a disparagement intended to compare early settlers in Michigan with the vicious mammal. Wolverines are, however, extremely rare in Michigan. A sighting in February 2004 near <a href="/wiki/Ubly,_Michigan" title="Ubly, Michigan">Ubly</a> was the first confirmed sighting in Michigan in 200 years.<a href="#cite_note-msnbc-193">[189]</a> Another wolverine was found dead in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-194">[190]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 27em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_nickname" class="mw-redirect" title="State nickname">State nicknames</a>: Wolverine State, Great Lakes State, Mitten State, Water-Winter Wonderland</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_mottos" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. state mottos">State motto</a>: <a href="/wiki/Si_quaeris_peninsulam_amoenam_circumspice" class="mw-redirect" title="Si quaeris peninsulam amoenam circumspice">Si quaeris peninsulam amoenam circumspice</a> (Latin: "If you seek a pleasant peninsula, look about you") adopted in 1835 on the coat-of-arms, but never as an official motto. This is a paraphrase of the epitaph of British architect Sir <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Wren" title="Christopher Wren">Christopher Wren</a> about his masterpiece, <a href="/wiki/St._Paul%27s_Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Paul's Cathedral">St. Paul's Cathedral</a>.<a href="#cite_note-195">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[192]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_song" class="mw-redirect" title="State song">State song</a>: "<a href="/wiki/My_Michigan" title="My Michigan">My Michigan</a>" (official since 1937, but disputed amongst residents),<a href="#cite_note-197">[193]</a> "<a href="/wiki/Michigan,_My_Michigan" title="Michigan, My Michigan">Michigan, My Michigan</a>" (unofficial state song, since the civil war)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_birds" title="List of U.S. state birds">State bird</a>: <a href="/wiki/American_robin" title="American robin">American robin</a> (since 1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_mammals" title="List of U.S. state mammals">State animal</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wolverine" title="Wolverine">wolverine</a> (traditional)</li> <li>State game animal: <a href="/wiki/White-tailed_deer" title="White-tailed deer">white-tailed deer</a> (since 1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_fish" title="List of U.S. state fish">State fish</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brook_trout" title="Brook trout">brook trout</a> (since 1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_reptiles" title="List of U.S. state reptiles">State reptile</a>: <a href="/wiki/Painted_turtle" title="Painted turtle">painted turtle</a> (since 1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_fossil" class="mw-redirect" title="State fossil">State fossil</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mastodon" title="Mastodon">mastodon</a> (since 2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_flowers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. state flowers">State flower</a>: <a href="/wiki/Apple" title="Apple">apple blossom</a> (adopted in 1897, official in 1997)</li> <li>State wildflower: <a href="/wiki/Dwarf_lake_iris" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwarf lake iris">dwarf lake iris</a> (since 1998) a federally listed threatened species</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_trees" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. state trees">State tree</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eastern_white_pine" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern white pine">white pine</a> (since 1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_minerals,_rocks,_stones_and_gemstones" title="List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones">State stone</a>: <a href="/wiki/Petoskey_stone" title="Petoskey stone">Petoskey stone</a> (since 1965). It is composed of fossilized <a href="/wiki/Coral" title="Coral">coral</a> (Hexagonaria pericarnata) from long ago when the middle of the continent was covered with a shallow sea.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_minerals,_rocks,_stones_and_gemstones" title="List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones">State gem</a>: <a href="/wiki/Chlorastrolite" title="Chlorastrolite">Isle Royale greenstone</a> (since 1973). Also called chlorastrolite (literally "green star stone"), the mineral is found on <a href="/wiki/Isle_Royale" title="Isle Royale">Isle Royale</a> and the Keweenaw peninsula.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/50_State_Quarters" class="mw-redirect" title="50 State Quarters">State quarter</a>: US coin issued in 2004 with the Michigan motto "Great Lakes State".</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_soils" title="List of U.S. state soils">State soil</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kalkaska_sand" title="Kalkaska sand">Kalkaska sand</a> (since 1990), ranges in color from black to yellowish brown, covers nearly 1,000,000-acre (4,000 km2) in 29 counties.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_regions">Sister regions</h2></div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Shiga_Prefecture" title="Shiga Prefecture">Shiga Prefecture</a>, Japan<a href="#cite_note-198">[194]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan Province</a>, People's Republic of China<a href="#cite_note-199">[195]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/48px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/64px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="457" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Michigan" title="Portal:Michigan">Michigan portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/M-Blank.svg/28px-M-Blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/M-Blank.svg/42px-M-Blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/M-Blank.svg/56px-M-Blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Michigan_highways" title="Portal:Michigan highways">Michigan highways portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Michigan-related_articles" title="Index of Michigan-related articles">Index of Michigan-related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Michigan" title="Outline of Michigan">Outline of Michigan</a>: organized list of topics about Michigan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Michigan" title="USS Michigan">USS Michigan</a>, 3 ships</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_3-1">b</a> Elevation adjusted to <a href="/wiki/North_American_Vertical_Datum_of_1988" title="North American Vertical Datum of 1988">North American Vertical Datum of 1988</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> i.e., including water that is part of state territory. <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a> is the largest state by land area alone east of the Mississippi and Michigan the second-largest. </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> The first form is the way it is spelled in <a href="/wiki/Ojibwe_syllabics" class="mw-redirect" title="Ojibwe syllabics">Ojibwe native syllabics</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> The Province included the modern states of Wisconsin, eastern Minnesota, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, two-thirds of Georgia, and small parts of West Virginia, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, and Maine. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-MiB-pdf-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MiB-pdf_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MiB-pdf_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MiB-pdf_1-2">c</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061108052946/http://www.michigan.gov/documents/hal_lm_MiB_156795_7.pdf">Michigan in Brief: Information About the State of Michigan</a> (PDF). 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Retrieved February 28, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Wonderful+Wilderness+of+Michigan%27s+Upper+Peninsula&rft.date=2011-05&rft.aulast=Kandell&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Ftravel%2Fthe-wonderful-wilderness-of-michigans-upper-peninsula-1803122%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArchibald" class="citation web cs1">Archibald, Robert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190301140033/https://www.nmu.edu/upperpeninsulastudies/environmental-history-upper-peninsula-michigan">"An Environmental History of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan: An Outline"</a>. NMU Center for U.P. Studies. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nmu.edu/upperpeninsulastudies/environmental-history-upper-peninsula-michigan">the original</a> on March 1, 2019. Retrieved February 28, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Environmental+History+of+the+Upper+Peninsula+of+Michigan%3A+An+Outline&rft.pub=NMU+Center+for+U.P.+Studies&rft.aulast=Archibald&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nmu.edu%2Fupperpeninsulastudies%2Fenvironmental-history-upper-peninsula-michigan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPritzker2000" class="citation book cs1">Pritzker, Barry (2000). A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 342. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195138771" title="Special:BookSources/9780195138771"><bdi>9780195138771</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Native+American+Encyclopedia%3A+History%2C+Culture%2C+and+Peoples&rft.pages=342&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780195138771&rft.aulast=Pritzker&rft.aufirst=Barry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wyandotte-nation.org/culture/our-history/">"Our History"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwyandotte-nation.org%2Fculture%2Four-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988">, Wyandotte Nation </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislature.mi.gov/documents/publications/manual/2003-2004/2003-mm-0003-0019-Chron.pdf">"Chronology of Michigan History"</a> (PDF). p. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721045242/http://www.legislature.mi.gov/documents/publications/manual/2003-2004/2003-mm-0003-0019-Chron.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on July 21, 2011. Retrieved September 30, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chronology+of+Michigan+History&rft.pages=3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislature.mi.gov%2Fdocuments%2Fpublications%2Fmanual%2F2003-2004%2F2003-mm-0003-0019-Chron.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160612002509/http://www.saultstemarie.com/soo-area-and-great-waters-region/our-local-history/">"Sault Ste Marie Pure Michigan"</a>. Sault Ste Marie. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saultstemarie.com/soo-area-and-great-waters-region/our-local-history/">the original</a> on June 12, 2016. Retrieved June 9, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sault+Ste+Marie+Pure+Michigan&rft.pub=Sault+Ste+Marie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saultstemarie.com%2Fsoo-area-and-great-waters-region%2Four-local-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tbaytel-26"><a href="#cite_ref-tbaytel_26-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://my.tbaytel.net/bmartin/cadillac.htm">"Cadillac's Village or Detroit under Cadillac"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061209205600/http://my.tbaytel.net/bmartin/cadillac.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 9, 2006. Retrieved January 5, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cadillac%27s+Village+or+Detroit+under+Cadillac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmy.tbaytel.net%2Fbmartin%2Fcadillac.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-histdet-27"><a href="#cite_ref-histdet_27-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historydetroit.com/places/fort_ponchartrain.asp">"History Detroit 1701–2001"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061209065758/http://www.historydetroit.com/places/fort_ponchartrain.asp">Archived</a> from the original on December 9, 2006. Retrieved January 5, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+Detroit+1701%E2%80%932001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historydetroit.com%2Fplaces%2Ffort_ponchartrain.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040824111504/http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/ENGLISH/exhibits/franco_ontarian/detroit.htm">"French Ontario in the 17th and 18th centuries: Detroit"</a>. Archives of Ontario. July 14, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov.on.ca/ENGLISH/exhibits/franco_ontarian/detroit.htm">the original</a> on August 24, 2004. Retrieved July 23, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=French+Ontario+in+the+17th+and+18th+centuries%3A+Detroit&rft.pub=Archives+of+Ontario&rft.date=2008-07-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov.on.ca%2FENGLISH%2Fexhibits%2Ffranco_ontarian%2Fdetroit.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Michigan">"Michigan" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 371–377, see page 376. <q>History.— From 1613 until 1760 the territory now within the borders of Michigan formed a part of New France...&... During the last war between the English and the French in America the Michigan settlements passed into the possession of the English, Detroit in 1760 and...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Michigan&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E371-%3C%2Fspan%3E377%2C+see+page+376&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetersonBrown2001" class="citation book cs1">Peterson, Jacqueline & Brown, Jennifer S.H. (2001). Many Roads to Red River. p. 69.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Many+Roads+to+Red+River&rft.pages=69&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=Jacqueline&rft.au=Brown%2C+Jennifer+S.H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">full citation needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-SFarmer-32"><a href="#cite_ref-SFarmer_32-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarmer2005" class="citation book cs1">Farmer, Silas (2005) [1889]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=micounty;cc=micounty;rgn=full%20text;idno=BAD1459.0001.001;didno=BAD1459.0001.001;view=image;seq=00000152">"Legislatures and Laws"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://name.umdl.umich.edu/bad1459.0001.001">The History of Detroit and Michigan; or, The Metropolis Illustrated; A Full Record of Territorial Days in Michigan, and the Annals of Wayne County</a>. p. 94. Retrieved June 15, 2006 – via University of Michigan Library.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Legislatures+and+Laws&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Detroit+and+Michigan%3B+or%2C+The+Metropolis+Illustrated%3B+A+Full+Record+of+Territorial+Days+in+Michigan%2C+and+the+Annals+of+Wayne+County&rft.pages=94&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Farmer&rft.aufirst=Silas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hti.umich.edu%2Fcgi%2Ft%2Ftext%2Fpageviewer-idx%3Fc%3Dmicounty%3Bcc%3Dmicounty%3Brgn%3Dfull%2520text%3Bidno%3DBAD1459.0001.001%3Bdidno%3DBAD1459.0001.001%3Bview%3Dimage%3Bseq%3D00000152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPence2016" class="citation web cs1">Pence, Studio (October 16, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historyofum.umich.edu/why-1817-matters/">"Why 1817 Matters"</a>. The History of the University of Michigan. Retrieved July 6, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+History+of+the+University+of+Michigan&rft.atitle=Why+1817+Matters&rft.date=2016-10-16&rft.aulast=Pence&rft.aufirst=Studio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistoryofum.umich.edu%2Fwhy-1817-matters%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eriecanalway.org/learn/history-culture">"Erie Canalway National Heritage Corridor :: History and Culture"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Erie+Canalway+National+Heritage+Corridor+%3A%3A+History+and+Culture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feriecanalway.org%2Flearn%2Fhistory-culture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://crcmich.org/almanac/population/michigan-population-trends">"Michigan Population Trends"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Michigan+Population+Trends&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcrcmich.org%2Falmanac%2Fpopulation%2Fmichigan-population-trends&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-centennial-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-centennial_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-centennial_36-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="smithsonian35" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://postalmuseum.si.edu/exhibition/about-us-stamps-bureau-period-1894-1939-commemorative-issues-1934-1935/michigan-centenary">"Michigan Centenary Issue"</a>. Smithsonian National Postal Museum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231104024922/https://postalmuseum.si.edu/exhibition/about-us-stamps-bureau-period-1894-1939-commemorative-issues-1934-1935/michigan-centenary">Archived</a> from the original on November 4, 2023. Retrieved November 3, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Michigan+Centenary+Issue&rft.pub=Smithsonian+National+Postal+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpostalmuseum.si.edu%2Fexhibition%2Fabout-us-stamps-bureau-period-1894-1939-commemorative-issues-1934-1935%2Fmichigan-centenary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Progress-37"><a href="#cite_ref-Progress_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lPlAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA313">Men of Progress: Embracing Biographical Sketches of Representative Michigan Men with an Outline History of the State</a>. Evening News Association. 1900. p. 313. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180818082123/https://books.google.com/books?id=lPlAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA313">Archived</a> from the original on August 18, 2018. Retrieved October 31, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Men+of+Progress%3A+Embracing+Biographical+Sketches+of+Representative+Michigan+Men+with+an+Outline+History+of+the+State&rft.pages=313&rft.pub=Evening+News+Association.&rft.date=1900&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlPlAAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA313&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDulong2001" class="citation book cs1">Dulong, John (2001). French Canadians in Michigan. Lansing, Michigan: Michigan State University Press. pp. 3–5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87013-582-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87013-582-8"><bdi>978-0-87013-582-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=French+Canadians+in+Michigan&rft.place=Lansing%2C+Michigan&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3-%3C%2Fspan%3E5&rft.pub=Michigan+State+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-87013-582-8&rft.aulast=Dulong&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunbarMay1980" class="citation book cs1">Dunbar & May (1980). "Chapter 14". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/michiganhistoryo01dunb">Michigan: A History of the Wolverine State</a>. Eerdman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802870438" title="Special:BookSources/9780802870438"><bdi>9780802870438</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+14&rft.btitle=Michigan%3A+A+History+of+the+Wolverine+State&rft.pub=Eerdman&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=9780802870438&rft.au=Dunbar&rft.au=May&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmichiganhistoryo01dunb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRae1983" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_B._Rae" title="John B. Rae">Rae, John B.</a> (1983). "Why Michigan". In Lewis, David L.; Goldstein, Laurence (eds.). The Automobile and American Culture. 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Model D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230629163228/https://www.modeldmedia.com/features/detroit-housing-pt1-111715.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2023. Retrieved June 29, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Model+D&rft.atitle=A+brief+history+of+housing+in+Detroit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.modeldmedia.com%2Ffeatures%2Fdetroit-housing-pt1-111715.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shuffleboardmccluretables.com/a-trip-through-time-grand-rapids-furniture-history/">"A Trip Through Time: Grand Rapids Furniture History"</a>. The Woodshop Blog. September 18, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230629164730/https://shuffleboardmccluretables.com/a-trip-through-time-grand-rapids-furniture-history/">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2023. Retrieved June 29, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Woodshop+Blog&rft.atitle=A+Trip+Through+Time%3A+Grand+Rapids+Furniture+History&rft.date=2014-09-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fshuffleboardmccluretables.com%2Fa-trip-through-time-grand-rapids-furniture-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fox17online.com/fox-17-unfiltered/did-ya-know/furniture-city-the-story-behind-grand-rapidss-original-identity">"Furniture City: The story behind Grand Rapids's original identity"</a>. FOX 17 West Michigan News. March 2, 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230629163228/https://www.fox17online.com/fox-17-unfiltered/did-ya-know/furniture-city-the-story-behind-grand-rapidss-original-identity">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2023. Retrieved June 29, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FOX+17+West+Michigan+News&rft.atitle=Furniture+City%3A+The+story+behind+Grand+Rapids%27s+original+identity&rft.date=2023-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fox17online.com%2Ffox-17-unfiltered%2Fdid-ya-know%2Ffurniture-city-the-story-behind-grand-rapidss-original-identity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaddad2023" class="citation web cs1">Haddad, Ken (May 18, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.clickondetroit.com/features/2023/05/16/96-years-later-michigans-bath-school-disaster-remains-deadliest-in-us-history/">"96 years later: Michigan's Bath School disaster remains deadliest in US history"</a>. WDIV. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230629163228/https://www.clickondetroit.com/features/2023/05/16/96-years-later-michigans-bath-school-disaster-remains-deadliest-in-us-history/">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2023. Retrieved June 29, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WDIV&rft.atitle=96+years+later%3A+Michigan%27s+Bath+School+disaster+remains+deadliest+in+US+history&rft.date=2023-05-18&rft.aulast=Haddad&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.clickondetroit.com%2Ffeatures%2F2023%2F05%2F16%2F96-years-later-michigans-bath-school-disaster-remains-deadliest-in-us-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeckScherer1962" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Whiz_Kids_(Department_of_Defense)" title="Whiz Kids (Department of Defense)">Peck, Merton J.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Frederic_M._Scherer" title="Frederic M. Scherer">Scherer, Frederic M.</a> (1962). The Weapons Acquisition Process: An Economic Analysis. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Business_School" title="Harvard Business School">Harvard Business School</a>. p. 111.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Weapons+Acquisition+Process%3A+An+Economic+Analysis&rft.pages=111&rft.pub=Harvard+Business+School&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Peck&rft.aufirst=Merton+J.&rft.au=Scherer%2C+Frederic+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislature.mi.gov/documents/publications/manual/2001-2002/2001-mm-0003-0026-History.pdf">"A Brief History of Michigan"</a> (PDF). Michigan Legislature. Retrieved November 15, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+Michigan&rft.pub=Michigan+Legislature&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislature.mi.gov%2Fdocuments%2Fpublications%2Fmanual%2F2001-2002%2F2001-mm-0003-0026-History.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NAM-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NAM_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NAM_47-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081023020928/http://www.nam.org/~/media/Files/State_Data/Michigan.ashx">"Facts about Michigan Manufacturing"</a>. National Association of Manufacturers. February 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nam.org/~/media/Files/State_Data/Michigan.ashx">the original</a> on October 23, 2008. Retrieved January 11, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Facts+about+Michigan+Manufacturing&rft.pub=National+Association+of+Manufacturers&rft.date=2008-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nam.org%2F~%2Fmedia%2FFiles%2FState_Data%2FMichigan.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.twincities.com/2009/06/27/in-michigan-drive-a-crooked-line-to-follow-the-45th-parallel/">"In Michigan, drive a crooked line to follow the 45th Parallel"</a>. Twin Cities. June 27, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230629154921/https://www.twincities.com/2009/06/27/in-michigan-drive-a-crooked-line-to-follow-the-45th-parallel/">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2023. Retrieved June 29, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Twin+Cities&rft.atitle=In+Michigan%2C+drive+a+crooked+line+to+follow+the+45th+Parallel&rft.date=2009-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.twincities.com%2F2009%2F06%2F27%2Fin-michigan-drive-a-crooked-line-to-follow-the-45th-parallel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161015171535/http://www.michigan.org/michigan-tourism-facts">"Michigan Tourism Facts"</a>. Michigan Economic Development Corporation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.michigan.org/michigan-tourism-facts/">the original</a> on October 15, 2016. Retrieved July 25, 2016. <q>In Michigan, you are never more than six miles from a lake or stream Stand anywhere in Michigan and you are within 85 miles of a Great Lake</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Michigan+Tourism+Facts&rft.pub=Michigan+Economic+Development+Corporation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.michigan.org%2Fmichigan-tourism-facts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,1607,7-153-10319-54024--,00.html">"Michigan Dept. of Natural Resources"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101203012620/http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,1607,7-153-10319-54024--,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 3, 2010. Retrieved December 26, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Michigan+Dept.+of+Natural+Resources&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.michigan.gov%2Fdnr%2F0%2C1607%2C7-153-10319-54024--%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-keilman20111209-51"><a href="#cite_ref-keilman20111209_51-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeilman2011" class="citation news cs1">Keilman, John (December 9, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/2011/12/09/hand-to-hand-combat/">"Hand-to-hand combat"</a>. Chicago Tribune. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120226210055/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2011-12-09/news/ct-talk-wisconsin-michigan-mitten-1209-20111209_1_wisconsin-department-tourism-new-image">Archived</a> from the original on February 26, 2012. Retrieved February 29, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Hand-to-hand+combat&rft.date=2011-12-09&rft.aulast=Keilman&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2F2011%2F12%2F09%2Fhand-to-hand-combat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCox2010" class="citation book cs1">Cox, Bruce K. (2010). Ted & Superior: Ted Albert & the 51st State of Superior. Wakefield, Michigan: Agogeebic Press LLC. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9822390-0-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9822390-0-1"><bdi>978-0-9822390-0-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ted+%26+Superior%3A+Ted+Albert+%26+the+51st+State+of+Superior&rft.place=Wakefield%2C+Michigan&rft.pub=Agogeebic+Press+LLC&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-9822390-0-1&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=Bruce+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.freep.com/article/20120506/NEWS06/205060541/51st-state-Yoopers-are-talking-up-secession-from-Michigan-again">"51st state? Yoopers Are Talking Up Secession from Michigan Again"</a>. Detroit Free Press. May 6, 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150928060147/http://archive.freep.com/article/20120506/NEWS06/205060541/51st-state-Yoopers-are-talking-up-secession-from-Michigan-again">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2015. Retrieved June 29, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Detroit+Free+Press&rft.atitle=51st+state%3F+Yoopers+Are+Talking+Up+Secession+from+Michigan+Again&rft.date=2012-05-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.freep.com%2Farticle%2F20120506%2FNEWS06%2F205060541%2F51st-state-Yoopers-are-talking-up-secession-from-Michigan-again&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060814202734/http://www.michigan.gov/som/0%2C1607%2C7-192-29938_30243-103397--%2C00.html">"Does Michigan have the longest coast line in the United States?"</a>. State of Michigan. July 28, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.michigan.gov/som/0,1607,7-192-29938_30243-103397--,00.html">the original</a> on August 14, 2006. Retrieved November 5, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Does+Michigan+have+the+longest+coast+line+in+the+United+States%3F&rft.pub=State+of+Michigan&rft.date=2011-07-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.michigan.gov%2Fsom%2F0%2C1607%2C7-192-29938_30243-103397--%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100720200244/http://www.michigan.gov/deq/0%2C1607%2C7-135-3313_3677-15959--%2C00.html">"Shorelines of the Great Lakes"</a>. Michigan Department of Natural Resources and Environment. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.michigan.gov/deq/0,1607,7-135-3313_3677-15959--,00.html">the original</a> on July 20, 2010. Retrieved July 8, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shorelines+of+the+Great+Lakes&rft.pub=Michigan+Department+of+Natural+Resources+and+Environment&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.michigan.gov%2Fdeq%2F0%2C1607%2C7-135-3313_3677-15959--%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFB2022" class="citation web cs1">B, Lisha (September 13, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mix957gr.com/did-you-know-that-michigan-has-the-most-lighthouses-in-the-u-s/">"Did You Know That Michigan Has the Most Lighthouses in the U.S.?"</a>. Mix 95.7FM. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230629154921/https://mix957gr.com/did-you-know-that-michigan-has-the-most-lighthouses-in-the-u-s/">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2023. Retrieved June 29, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mix+95.7FM&rft.atitle=Did+You+Know+That+Michigan+Has+the+Most+Lighthouses+in+the+U.S.%3F&rft.date=2022-09-13&rft.aulast=B&rft.aufirst=Lisha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmix957gr.com%2Fdid-you-know-that-michigan-has-the-most-lighthouses-in-the-u-s%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090102232935/http://www.michigan.gov/hal/0%2C1607%2C7-160-15481_20826_20829-54118--%2C00.html">"Why is Michigan sometimes called 'The Wolverine State?'"</a>. Michigan FAQ. Department of History, Arts and Libraries. 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In Michigan, you are never more than six miles from an inland lake or more than 85 miles from a Great Lake.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Michigan+FAQ&rft.atitle=Why+is+Michigan+sometimes+called+%27The+Wolverine+State%3F%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.michigan.gov%2Fhal%2F0%2C1607%2C7-160-15481_20826_20829-54118--%2C00.html%23wolver&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNWS_Gaylord_Region2010" class="citation web cs1">NWS Gaylord Region (August 31, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crh.noaa.gov/apx/snow/snowfallAvg.php">"Mean Annual Snowfall"</a>. National Weather Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111109014721/http://www.crh.noaa.gov/apx/snow/snowfallAvg.php">Archived</a> from the original on November 9, 2011. 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The Holland Sentinel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230629154922/https://www.hollandsentinel.com/story/news/2011/03/27/west-michigan-s-dutchness-has/45234398007/">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2023. Retrieved June 29, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Holland+Sentinel&rft.atitle=West+Michigan%27s+%27Dutchness%27+has+evolved+to+be+quite+different+from+the+Netherlands&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollandsentinel.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2F2011%2F03%2F27%2Fwest-michigan-s-dutchness-has%2F45234398007%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230629154932/https://michiganchronicle.com/2023/05/24/detroit-no-longer-the-largest-majority-black-city/">"Detroit is No Longer the Largest Majority-Black City"</a>. The Michigan Chronicle. May 24, 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://michiganchronicle.com/2023/05/24/detroit-no-longer-the-largest-majority-black-city/">the original</a> on June 29, 2023. Retrieved June 29, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Michigan+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Detroit+is+No+Longer+the+Largest+Majority-Black+City&rft.date=2023-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmichiganchronicle.com%2F2023%2F05%2F24%2Fdetroit-no-longer-the-largest-majority-black-city%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bet.com/article/9n4m5t/detroit-memphis-largest-majority-black-city-census-data">"Census Shows Memphis Is Largest Majority-Black City, Replacing Detroit"</a>. BET. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230629160426/https://www.bet.com/article/9n4m5t/detroit-memphis-largest-majority-black-city-census-data">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2023. Retrieved June 29, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BET&rft.atitle=Census+Shows+Memphis+Is+Largest+Majority-Black+City%2C+Replacing+Detroit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bet.com%2Farticle%2F9n4m5t%2Fdetroit-memphis-largest-majority-black-city-census-data&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaroub" class="citation news cs1">Karoub, Jeff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131005002453/http://abclocal.go.com/wpvi/story?section=news%2Fnational_world&id=5358711">"Detroit Expects Half of Iraqi Refugees"</a>. Philadelphia: <a href="/wiki/WPVI-TV" title="WPVI-TV">WPVI-TV</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://abclocal.go.com/wpvi/story?section=news/national_world&id=5358711">the original</a> on October 5, 2013. Retrieved May 5, 2013. <q>Southeastern Michigan has about 300,000 people who trace their roots to the Middle East.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Detroit+Expects+Half+of+Iraqi+Refugees&rft.aulast=Karoub&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fabclocal.go.com%2Fwpvi%2Fstory%3Fsection%3Dnews%2Fnational_world%26id%3D5358711&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiyaresAirriess2007" class="citation book cs1">Miyares, Ines M. & Airriess, Christopher A. 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Detroit: <a href="/wiki/Wayne_State_University_Press" title="Wayne State University Press">Wayne State University Press</a>. p. 158. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8143-3974-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8143-3974-9"><bdi>978-0-8143-3974-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904001127/https://books.google.com/books?id=Q311BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA158">Archived</a> from the original on September 4, 2015. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scfao.gov.cn/2005/2.html">the original</a> on June 7, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Briefing+on+Sichuan+International+Sister+Cities+Cooperation+and+Development+Week+2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scfao.gov.cn%2F2005%2F2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBald1961" class="citation book cs1">Bald, F. 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New York: Harper. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-000240-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-000240-4"><bdi>978-0-06-000240-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/478659">478659</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Michigan+in+Four+Centuries&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper&rft.date=1961&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F478659&rft.isbn=978-0-06-000240-4&rft.aulast=Bald&rft.aufirst=F.+Clever&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrowneVerBurg1995" class="citation book cs1">Browne, William P. & VerBurg, Kenneth (1995). Michigan Politics & Government: Facing Change in a Complex State. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-1209-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-1209-1"><bdi>978-0-8032-1209-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Michigan+Politics+%26+Government%3A+Facing+Change+in+a+Complex+State&rft.place=Lincoln%2C+NE&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-8032-1209-1&rft.aulast=Browne&rft.aufirst=William+P.&rft.au=VerBurg%2C+Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBureau_of_Business_Research1987" class="citation book cs1">Bureau of Business Research (1987). Michigan Statistical Abstract. Wayne State University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Michigan+Statistical+Abstract&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University&rft.date=1987&rft.au=Bureau+of+Business+Research&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunbarMay1995" class="citation book cs1">Dunbar, Willis F. & May, George S. (1995). Michigan: A History of the Wolverine State. Wm. B. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-7055-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-7055-1"><bdi>978-0-8028-7055-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Michigan%3A+A+History+of+the+Wolverine+State&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-7055-1&rft.aulast=Dunbar&rft.aufirst=Willis+F.&rft.au=May%2C+George+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGroopPress1984" class="citation map cs1">Groop, Richard E.; et al. (1984). Michigan Political Atlas (Map). Scale not given. East Lansing, MI: Center for Cartographic Research and Spatial Analysis. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/11918446">11918446</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Michigan+Political+Atlas&rft.place=East+Lansing%2C+MI&rft.pub=Center+for+Cartographic+Research+and+Spatial+Analysis&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F11918446&rft.aulast=Groop&rft.aufirst=Richard+E.&rft.au=Press%2C+Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRich1989" class="citation book cs1">Rich, Wilbur (1989). Coleman Young and Detroit Politics: From Social Activist to Power Broker. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8143-2093-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8143-2093-8"><bdi>978-0-8143-2093-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coleman+Young+and+Detroit+Politics%3A+From+Social+Activist+to+Power+Broker&rft.place=Detroit&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-8143-2093-8&rft.aulast=Rich&rft.aufirst=Wilbur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRubensteinZiewacz2008" class="citation book cs1">Rubenstein, Bruce A. & Ziewacz, Lawrence E. (2008). Michigan: A History of the Great Lakes State (4th ed.). Wheeling, IL: Harlan Davidson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88295-257-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88295-257-4"><bdi>978-0-88295-257-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Michigan%3A+A+History+of+the+Great+Lakes+State&rft.place=Wheeling%2C+IL&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Harlan+Davidson&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-88295-257-4&rft.aulast=Rubenstein&rft.aufirst=Bruce+A.&rft.au=Ziewacz%2C+Lawrence+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSissonZacherCayton2006" class="citation book cs1">Sisson, Richard; Zacher, Christian K. & Cayton, Andrew R.L., eds. (2006). The American Midwest: An Interpretive Encyclopedia. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-34886-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-34886-9"><bdi>978-0-253-34886-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Midwest%3A+An+Interpretive+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+IN&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-253-34886-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeeksKirkBlanchardWeeks1987" class="citation book cs1">Weeks, George; Kirk, Robert D.; Blanchard, Paula L. & Weeks, Don (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/stewardsofstateg0000week">Stewards of the State: The Governors of Michigan</a>. Ann Arbor, MI: Historical Society of Michigan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9614344-2-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9614344-2-7"><bdi>978-0-9614344-2-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stewards+of+the+State%3A+The+Governors+of+Michigan&rft.place=Ann+Arbor%2C+MI&rft.pub=Historical+Society+of+Michigan&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-9614344-2-7&rft.aulast=Weeks&rft.aufirst=George&rft.au=Kirk%2C+Robert+D.&rft.au=Blanchard%2C+Paula+L.&rft.au=Weeks%2C+Don&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstewardsofstateg0000week&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichigan" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Michigan at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Michigan" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Michigan">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Michigan" class="extiw" title="c:Michigan">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Michigan" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Michigan">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Michigan" class="extiw" title="q:Michigan">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Michigan" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Michigan">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Michigan" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Michigan">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Michigan" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Michigan">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Michigan" class="extiw" title="voy:Michigan">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/165789">Michigan</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.michigan.gov/">State of Michigan government website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211119002757/https://www.michigan.gov/">Archived</a> November 19, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101229134254/https://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=MI">Energy Data & Statistics for Michigan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infomi.com/city/">Info Michigan, detailed information on 630 cities</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240425004303/https://www.infomi.com/city/">Archived</a> April 25, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231203005555/http://michmarkers.com/">Michigan Historic Markers</a><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hsmichigan.org/">Historical Society of Michigan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240425004318/https://www.hsmichigan.org/">Archived</a> April 25, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://clarke.cmich.edu/">Clarke Historical Library, Central Michigan University, Bibliographies for Michigan by region, counties, etc.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130327201455/http://www.clarke.cmich.edu/">Archived</a> March 27, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/states/michigan/">Michigan State Guide from the Library of Congress</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201119013419/https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/states/michigan/">Archived</a> November 19, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.michigan.org/">Michigan Official Travel Site</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240425023107/https://www.michigan.org/">Archived</a> April 25, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.michiganbusiness.org/">Michigan Official Business Site</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240425004304/https://www.michiganbusiness.org/">Archived</a> April 25, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mitalent.org/">Michigan Official Talent Site</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240430002843/https://www.mitalent.org/">Archived</a> April 30, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=26&StateName=Michigan#.U8QpCrEXtQs">Michigan State Fact Sheet</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160824212804/http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/state-fact-sheets/state-data.aspx?StateFIPS=26&StateName=Michigan#.U8QpCrEXtQs">Archived</a> August 24, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> from the US Department of Agriculture</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mml.org/">The Michigan Municipal League</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240426130608/https://mml.org/">Archived</a> April 26, 2024, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070106165953/https://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=MI">USGS real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Michigan</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_date_of_statehood" class="mw-redirect" title="List of U.S. states by date of statehood">List of U.S. states by date of statehood</a> Admitted on January 26, 1837 (26th) </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output 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li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_Michigan417" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Michigan" title="Template:Michigan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Michigan" title="Template talk:Michigan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Michigan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Michigan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_Michigan417" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">State of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michigan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Lansing,_Michigan" title="Lansing, Michigan">Lansing</a> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Michigan" title="Outline of Michigan">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Michigan" title="Climate change in Michigan">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Michigan" title="United States congressional delegations from Michigan">Congressional delegation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Michigan" title="Cuisine of Michigan">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fauna_of_Michigan" title="List of fauna of Michigan">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Michigan" title="Geography of Michigan">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Michigan" title="Government of Michigan">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_State_Trunkline_Highway_System" title="Michigan State Trunkline Highway System">Highways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Michigan" title="History of Michigan">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Michigan-related_articles" title="Index of Michigan-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Michigan" title="List of islands of Michigan">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Michigan" title="Law of Michigan">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Lighthouses_of_Michigan" title="Template:Lighthouses of Michigan">Lighthouses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Michigan" title="List of municipalities in Michigan">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Michigan" title="List of museums in Michigan">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_Michigan" title="List of National Historic Landmarks in Michigan">National Historic Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Michigan" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Michigan">National Register of Historic Places listings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Michigan" title="List of people from Michigan">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Michigan_State_Historic_Sites" title="List of Michigan State Historic Sites">State Historic Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Michigan_state_parks" title="List of Michigan state parks">State parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Michigan_state_symbols" title="List of Michigan state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Michigan" title="List of tallest buildings in Michigan">Tallest buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Michigan_history" title="Timeline of Michigan history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Michigan" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Michigan">Tourist attractions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Michigan" title="Abortion in Michigan">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Michigan" title="Cannabis in Michigan">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Michigan_culture" title="Category:Michigan culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Michigan" title="Crime in Michigan">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Michigan" title="Demographics of Michigan">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Michigan">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in Michigan">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Michigan" title="Elections in Michigan">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Homelessness in Michigan">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Michigan">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Michigan" title="Gun laws in Michigan">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Michigan" title="Politics of Michigan">Politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#Michigan" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Upper_Peninsula_of_Michigan" title="Upper Peninsula of Michigan">Upper Peninsula</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Copper_Country" title="Copper Country">Copper Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gogebic_Range" title="Gogebic Range">Gogebic Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keweenaw_Peninsula" title="Keweenaw Peninsula">Keweenaw Peninsula</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Peninsula_of_Michigan" title="Lower Peninsula of Michigan">Lower Peninsula</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Michigan" title="Central Michigan">Central Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Detroit" title="Metro Detroit">Metro Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michiana" title="Michiana">Michiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Michigan" title="Northern Michigan">Northern Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Michigan" title="Southeast Michigan">Southeast Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Thumb" title="The Thumb">The Thumb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Michigan" title="West Michigan">West Michigan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Michigan" title="List of municipalities in Michigan">Largest municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor,_Michigan" title="Ann Arbor, Michigan">Ann Arbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_Creek,_Michigan" title="Battle Creek, Michigan">Battle Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloomfield_Township,_Oakland_County,_Michigan" title="Bloomfield Township, Oakland County, Michigan">Bloomfield Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton,_Michigan" title="Canton, Michigan">Canton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesterfield_Township,_Michigan" title="Chesterfield Township, Michigan">Chesterfield Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Township,_Macomb_County,_Michigan" title="Clinton Township, Macomb County, Michigan">Clinton Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commerce_Township,_Michigan" title="Commerce Township, Michigan">Commerce Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dearborn,_Michigan" title="Dearborn, Michigan">Dearborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dearborn_Heights,_Michigan" title="Dearborn Heights, Michigan">Dearborn Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Lansing,_Michigan" title="East Lansing, Michigan">East Lansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmington_Hills,_Michigan" title="Farmington Hills, Michigan">Farmington Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flint,_Michigan" title="Flint, Michigan">Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgetown_Township,_Michigan" title="Georgetown Township, Michigan">Georgetown Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Blanc_Township,_Michigan" title="Grand Blanc Township, Michigan">Grand Blanc Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan" title="Grand Rapids, Michigan">Grand Rapids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holland_Charter_Township,_Michigan" title="Holland Charter Township, Michigan">Holland Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Township,_Michigan" title="Independence Township, Michigan">Independence Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalamazoo,_Michigan" title="Kalamazoo, Michigan">Kalamazoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentwood,_Michigan" title="Kentwood, Michigan">Kentwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lansing,_Michigan" title="Lansing, Michigan">Lansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Park,_Michigan" title="Lincoln Park, Michigan">Lincoln Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonia,_Michigan" title="Livonia, Michigan">Livonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macomb_Township,_Michigan" title="Macomb Township, Michigan">Macomb Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridian_Charter_Township,_Michigan" title="Meridian Charter Township, Michigan">Meridian Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midland,_Michigan" title="Midland, Michigan">Midland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muskegon,_Michigan" title="Muskegon, Michigan">Muskegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novi,_Michigan" title="Novi, Michigan">Novi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_Township,_Michigan" title="Orion Township, Michigan">Orion Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsfield_Charter_Township,_Michigan" title="Pittsfield Charter Township, Michigan">Pittsfield Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontiac,_Michigan" title="Pontiac, Michigan">Pontiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portage,_Michigan" title="Portage, Michigan">Portage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redford,_Michigan" title="Redford, Michigan">Redford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester_Hills,_Michigan" title="Rochester Hills, Michigan">Rochester Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roseville,_Michigan" title="Roseville, Michigan">Roseville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Oak,_Michigan" title="Royal Oak, Michigan">Royal Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saginaw,_Michigan" title="Saginaw, Michigan">Saginaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saginaw_Charter_Township,_Michigan" title="Saginaw Charter Township, Michigan">Saginaw Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Clair_Shores,_Michigan" title="St. Clair Shores, Michigan">St. Clair Shores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelby_Charter_Township,_Michigan" title="Shelby Charter Township, Michigan">Shelby Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southfield,_Michigan" title="Southfield, Michigan">Southfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterling_Heights,_Michigan" title="Sterling Heights, Michigan">Sterling Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor,_Michigan" title="Taylor, Michigan">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy,_Michigan" title="Troy, Michigan">Troy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren,_Michigan" title="Warren, Michigan">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterford_Township,_Michigan" title="Waterford Township, Michigan">Waterford Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bloomfield_Township,_Michigan" title="West Bloomfield Township, Michigan">West Bloomfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland,_Michigan" title="Westland, Michigan">Westland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming,_Michigan" title="Wyoming, Michigan">Wyoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ypsilanti_Charter_Township,_Michigan" title="Ypsilanti Charter Township, Michigan">Ypsilanti Township</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Michigan" title="List of counties in Michigan">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcona_County,_Michigan" title="Alcona County, Michigan">Alcona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alger_County,_Michigan" title="Alger County, Michigan">Alger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegan_County,_Michigan" title="Allegan County, Michigan">Allegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpena_County,_Michigan" title="Alpena County, Michigan">Alpena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antrim_County,_Michigan" title="Antrim County, Michigan">Antrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arenac_County,_Michigan" title="Arenac County, Michigan">Arenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baraga_County,_Michigan" title="Baraga County, Michigan">Baraga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_County,_Michigan" title="Barry County, Michigan">Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_County,_Michigan" title="Bay County, Michigan">Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzie_County,_Michigan" title="Benzie County, Michigan">Benzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berrien_County,_Michigan" title="Berrien County, Michigan">Berrien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branch_County,_Michigan" title="Branch County, Michigan">Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calhoun_County,_Michigan" title="Calhoun County, Michigan">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cass_County,_Michigan" title="Cass County, Michigan">Cass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlevoix_County,_Michigan" title="Charlevoix County, Michigan">Charlevoix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheboygan_County,_Michigan" title="Cheboygan County, Michigan">Cheboygan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chippewa_County,_Michigan" title="Chippewa County, Michigan">Chippewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_County,_Michigan" title="Clare County, Michigan">Clare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_County,_Michigan" title="Clinton County, Michigan">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawford_County,_Michigan" title="Crawford County, Michigan">Crawford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_County,_Michigan" title="Delta County, Michigan">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dickinson_County,_Michigan" title="Dickinson County, Michigan">Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eaton_County,_Michigan" title="Eaton County, Michigan">Eaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmet_County,_Michigan" title="Emmet County, Michigan">Emmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesee_County,_Michigan" title="Genesee County, Michigan">Genesee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladwin_County,_Michigan" title="Gladwin County, Michigan">Gladwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gogebic_County,_Michigan" title="Gogebic County, Michigan">Gogebic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Traverse_County,_Michigan" title="Grand Traverse County, Michigan">Grand Traverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gratiot_County,_Michigan" title="Gratiot County, Michigan">Gratiot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsdale_County,_Michigan" title="Hillsdale County, Michigan">Hillsdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houghton_County,_Michigan" title="Houghton County, Michigan">Houghton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huron_County,_Michigan" title="Huron County, Michigan">Huron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingham_County,_Michigan" title="Ingham County, Michigan">Ingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionia_County,_Michigan" title="Ionia County, Michigan">Ionia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iosco_County,_Michigan" title="Iosco County, Michigan">Iosco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_County,_Michigan" title="Iron County, Michigan">Iron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_County,_Michigan" title="Isabella County, Michigan">Isabella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_County,_Michigan" title="Jackson County, Michigan">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalamazoo_County,_Michigan" title="Kalamazoo County, Michigan">Kalamazoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalkaska_County,_Michigan" title="Kalkaska County, Michigan">Kalkaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kent_County,_Michigan" title="Kent County, Michigan">Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keweenaw_County,_Michigan" title="Keweenaw County, Michigan">Keweenaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_County,_Michigan" title="Lake County, Michigan">Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapeer_County,_Michigan" title="Lapeer County, Michigan">Lapeer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leelanau_County,_Michigan" title="Leelanau County, Michigan">Leelanau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenawee_County,_Michigan" title="Lenawee County, Michigan">Lenawee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livingston_County,_Michigan" title="Livingston County, Michigan">Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luce_County,_Michigan" title="Luce County, Michigan">Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackinac_County,_Michigan" title="Mackinac County, Michigan">Mackinac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macomb_County,_Michigan" title="Macomb County, Michigan">Macomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manistee_County,_Michigan" title="Manistee County, Michigan">Manistee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquette_County,_Michigan" title="Marquette County, Michigan">Marquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mason_County,_Michigan" title="Mason County, Michigan">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecosta_County,_Michigan" title="Mecosta County, Michigan">Mecosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menominee_County,_Michigan" title="Menominee County, Michigan">Menominee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midland_County,_Michigan" title="Midland County, Michigan">Midland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missaukee_County,_Michigan" title="Missaukee County, Michigan">Missaukee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe_County,_Michigan" title="Monroe County, Michigan">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montcalm_County,_Michigan" title="Montcalm County, Michigan">Montcalm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montmorency_County,_Michigan" title="Montmorency County, Michigan">Montmorency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muskegon_County,_Michigan" title="Muskegon County, Michigan">Muskegon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newaygo_County,_Michigan" title="Newaygo County, Michigan">Newaygo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland_County,_Michigan" title="Oakland County, Michigan">Oakland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceana_County,_Michigan" title="Oceana County, Michigan">Oceana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogemaw_County,_Michigan" title="Ogemaw County, Michigan">Ogemaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontonagon_County,_Michigan" title="Ontonagon County, Michigan">Ontonagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osceola_County,_Michigan" title="Osceola County, Michigan">Osceola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscoda_County,_Michigan" title="Oscoda County, Michigan">Oscoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otsego_County,_Michigan" title="Otsego County, Michigan">Otsego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottawa_County,_Michigan" title="Ottawa County, Michigan">Ottawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presque_Isle_County,_Michigan" title="Presque Isle County, Michigan">Presque Isle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscommon_County,_Michigan" title="Roscommon County, Michigan">Roscommon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saginaw_County,_Michigan" title="Saginaw County, Michigan">Saginaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanilac_County,_Michigan" title="Sanilac County, Michigan">Sanilac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoolcraft_County,_Michigan" title="Schoolcraft County, Michigan">Schoolcraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiawassee_County,_Michigan" title="Shiawassee County, Michigan">Shiawassee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Clair_County,_Michigan" title="St. Clair County, Michigan">St. Clair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph_County,_Michigan" title="St. Joseph County, Michigan">St. Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuscola_County,_Michigan" title="Tuscola County, Michigan">Tuscola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Buren_County,_Michigan" title="Van Buren County, Michigan">Van Buren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washtenaw_County,_Michigan" title="Washtenaw County, Michigan">Washtenaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_County,_Michigan" title="Wayne County, Michigan">Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wexford_County,_Michigan" title="Wexford County, Michigan">Wexford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/48px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Michigan.svg/64px-Flag_of_Michigan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="457" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Michigan" title="Portal:Michigan">Michigan portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Midwestern_United_States76" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Midwestern_United_States" title="Template:Midwestern United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Midwestern_United_States" title="Template talk:Midwestern United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Midwestern_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Midwestern United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Midwestern_United_States76" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States#Culture" title="Midwestern United States">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States#Physical_geography" title="Midwestern United States">Geography</a></li> <li>Economy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States#Political_trends" title="Midwestern United States">Government and politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States#History" title="Midwestern United States">History</a></li> <li>Sports</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">Subregions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Midwest" title="Upper Midwest">Northern Midwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_North_Central_states" title="East North Central states">East North Central states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_North_Central_states" title="West North Central states">West North Central states</a></li> <li><a href="#Cultural_overlap">Southern Midwest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">Major cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">St. Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton,_Ohio" title="Dayton, Ohio">Dayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Rapids,_Michigan" title="Grand Rapids, Michigan">Grand Rapids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Wayne,_Indiana" title="Fort Wayne, Indiana">Fort Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Bay,_Wisconsin" title="Green Bay, Wisconsin">Green Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa">Des Moines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas" title="Wichita, Kansas">Wichita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaha,_Nebraska" title="Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux_Falls,_South_Dakota" title="Sioux Falls, South Dakota">Sioux Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_City,_South_Dakota" title="Rapid City, South Dakota">Rapid City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fargo,_North_Dakota" title="Fargo, North Dakota">Fargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Minnesota" title="Rochester, Minnesota">Rochester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio" title="Toledo, Ohio">Toledo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">State capitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lansing,_Michigan" title="Lansing, Michigan">Lansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_City,_Missouri" title="Jefferson City, Missouri">Jefferson City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa">Des Moines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">St. Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismarck,_North_Dakota" title="Bismarck, North Dakota">Bismarck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre,_South_Dakota" title="Pierre, South Dakota">Pierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Nebraska" title="Lincoln, Nebraska">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topeka,_Kansas" title="Topeka, Kansas">Topeka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_divisions_of_the_United_States359" style="text-align:left;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_political_divisions" title="Template:United States political divisions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_political_divisions" title="Template talk:United States political divisions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_political_divisions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States political divisions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_divisions_of_the_United_States359" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Political divisions of the United States</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States" title="List of states and territories of the United States">List of states and territories</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_district" title="Federal district">Federal district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" 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href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000404277058">ISNI</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000106620321">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/267241450">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1208387/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjHhdXqPcpRBtfF98RMyd">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4115139-2">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80046126">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119884476">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119884476">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01087717">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge134361&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX452228">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000765534&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007564323105171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058514575706706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/29fa065f-a568-418c-98b9-5023f64d9312">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA0899282X?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027952282">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Michigan&params=44_N_85_W_dim:300000_region:US-MI_type:adm1st&title=State+of+Michigan">44°N 85°W / 44°N 85°W / 44; -85 (State of Michigan)</a>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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