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vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marie_Antoinette_and_her_Children_1787"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Marie Antoinette and her Children 1787</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marie_Antoinette_and_her_Children_1787-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Académie_royale_de_peinture_et_de_sculpture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Académie_royale_de_peinture_et_de_sculpture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Académie_royale_de_peinture_et_de_sculpture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flight_from_France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flight_from_France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Flight from France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flight_from_France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Austria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Austria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.2</span> <span>Austria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Austria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.3</span> <span>Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prussia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prussia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.4</span> <span>Prussia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prussia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Return_to_France_and_stay_at_Paris" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_to_France_and_stay_at_Paris"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.5</span> <span>Return to France and stay at Paris</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_to_France_and_stay_at_Paris-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-England" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#England"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.6</span> <span>England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-England-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Return_to_France_from_England" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_to_France_from_England"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.7</span> <span>Return to France from England</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_to_France_from_England-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Switzerland_in_1807" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Switzerland_in_1807"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.8</span> <span>Switzerland in 1807</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Switzerland_in_1807-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Switzerland_in_1808" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Switzerland_in_1808"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.9</span> <span>Switzerland in 1808</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Switzerland_in_1808-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Return_to_Paris_and_later_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_to_Paris_and_later_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Return to Paris and later life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_to_Paris_and_later_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-New_home_at_Louveciennes,_the_abdications_of_Napoleon_and_Bourbon_restorations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_home_at_Louveciennes,_the_abdications_of_Napoleon_and_Bourbon_restorations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1</span> <span>New home at Louveciennes, the abdications of Napoleon and Bourbon restorations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_home_at_Louveciennes,_the_abdications_of_Napoleon_and_Bourbon_restorations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Friendship_with_Antoine_Jean-Gros" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Friendship_with_Antoine_Jean-Gros"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.2</span> <span>Friendship with Antoine Jean-Gros</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Friendship_with_Antoine_Jean-Gros-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.3</span> <span>Later years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exhibitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exhibitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Exhibitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exhibitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portrayal_in_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portrayal_in_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Portrayal in popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portrayal_in_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Gallery subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Portraits_painted_in_France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portraits_painted_in_France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Portraits painted in France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portraits_painted_in_France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portraits_painted_in_Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portraits_painted_in_Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Portraits painted in Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portraits_painted_in_Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portraits_painted_in_Austria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portraits_painted_in_Austria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Portraits painted in Austria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portraits_painted_in_Austria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portraits_painted_in_Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portraits_painted_in_Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Portraits painted in Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portraits_painted_in_Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature_and_resources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature_and_resources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Literature and resources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature_and_resources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AB_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%BA_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="إليزابيث لويز فيغ لوبرون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إليزابيث لويز فيغ لوبرون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun" title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun" title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun" title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B6%D1%8D-%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Мары Элізабет Луіза Віжэ-Лебрэн – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мары Элізабет Луіза Віжэ-Лебрэн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun" title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5_%D0%9B%D1%8C%D0%BE_%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%BD" title="Елизабет Виже Льо Брюн – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Елизабет Виже Льо Брюн" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun" title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun" title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun" title="Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise_%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun" title="Louise Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Louise Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun" title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun" title="Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Le_Brun" title="Élisabeth-Louise Vigée-Le Brun – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Élisabeth-Louise Vigée-Le Brun" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AD%CF%84_%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%B6%CE%AD_%CE%9B%CE%B5_%CE%9C%CF%80%CF%81%CE%B5%CE%BD" title="Ελιζαμπέτ Βιζέ Λε Μπρεν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ελιζαμπέτ Βιζέ Λε Μπρεν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marie_Louise_%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Lebrun" title="Marie Louise Élisabeth Vigée Lebrun – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Marie Louise Élisabeth Vigée Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun" title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun" title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B2_%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%87_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86" title="لوئیز الیزابت ویژه لوبرن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لوئیز الیزابت ویژه لوبرن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun" title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%98%EB%A6%AC%EC%9E%90%EB%B2%A0%ED%8A%B8_%EB%B9%84%EC%A0%9C_%EB%A5%B4_%EB%B8%8C%EB%A3%85" title="엘리자베트 비제 르 브룅 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="엘리자베트 비제 르 브룅" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A5%D5%A9_%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%AA%D5%A5_%D5%AC%D5%A8_%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Էլիզաբեթ Վիժե լը Բրոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էլիզաբեթ Վիժե լը Բրոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise_%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun" title="Louise Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Louise Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun" title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun" title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun" title="Élisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Élisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun" title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%91%D7%98_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%96%27%D7%94-%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%9F" title="אליזבט ויז'ה-לה ברן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אליזבט ויז'ה-לה ברן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabetha_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun" title="Elisabetha Vigée-Lebrun – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Elisabetha Vigée-Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun" title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise_%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun" title="Louise Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Louise Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81" title="എലിസബത്ത് ലെബ്രു – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എലിസബത്ത് ലെബ്രു" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AB_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B2_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AC_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="اليزابيث لويز فيج لوبرون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اليزابيث لويز فيج لوبرون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Le_Brun" title="Élisabeth Vigée-Le Brun – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Élisabeth Vigée-Le Brun" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B6%E3%83%99%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%EF%BC%9D%E3%83%AB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA%E3%83%BB%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%EF%BC%9D%E3%83%AB%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3" title="エリザベート＝ルイーズ・ヴィジェ＝ルブラン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エリザベート＝ルイーズ・ヴィジェ＝ルブラン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Le_Brun" title="Élisabeth Vigée-Le Brun – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Élisabeth Vigée-Le Brun" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun" title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun" title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%AA%DA%BE_%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%92_%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86" title="لوئزی الزبتھ وجے لیبرن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لوئزی الزبتھ وجے لیبرن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun" title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun" title="Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun" title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun" title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5-%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD,_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Виже-Лебрен, Элизабет – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Виже-Лебрен, Элизабет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise_%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun" title="Louise Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Louise Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Louise_Vig%C3%A9eov%C3%A1-Lebrunov%C3%A1" title="Élisabeth Louise Vigéeová-Lebrunová – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Élisabeth Louise Vigéeová-Lebrunová" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Le_Brun" title="Élisabeth-Louise Vigée-Le Brun – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Élisabeth-Louise Vigée-Le Brun" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5-%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Елизабет Виже-Лебран – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Елизабет Виже-Лебран" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise_%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun" title="Louise Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Louise Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun" title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun" title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%95-%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8C-%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87" title="เอลีซาแบ็ต-หลุยส์ วีเฌ-เลอเบริง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เอลีซาแบ็ต-หลุยส์ วีเฌ-เลอเบริง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5-%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Элизабет Виже-Лебрун – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Элизабет Виже-Лебрун" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%B5-%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Елізабет Віже-Лебрен – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Елізабет Віже-Лебрен" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%88%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86" title="میری وجی لیبرن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="میری وجی لیبرن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun" title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E8%8E%89%E8%8E%8E%E7%99%BD%C2%B7%E7%B6%AD%E5%82%91%C2%B7%E5%8B%92%E5%B8%83%E5%80%AB" title="伊莉莎白·維傑·勒布倫 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊莉莎白·維傑·勒布倫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q213163#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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When this tag was added, its <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SIZERULE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SIZERULE">readable prose size</a> was 15,106 words.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Consider <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Splitting" title="Wikipedia:Splitting">splitting</a> content into sub-articles, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style" title="Wikipedia:Summary style">condensing</a> it, or adding <a href="/wiki/Help:Section#Subsections" title="Help:Section">subheadings</a>. Please discuss this issue on the article's <a href="/wiki/Talk:%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun" title="Talk:Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun">talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Self-portrait_in_a_Straw_Hat_by_Elisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Self-portrait_in_a_Straw_Hat_by_Elisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg/220px-Self-portrait_in_a_Straw_Hat_by_Elisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Self-portrait_in_a_Straw_Hat_by_Elisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg/330px-Self-portrait_in_a_Straw_Hat_by_Elisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Self-portrait_in_a_Straw_Hat_by_Elisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg/440px-Self-portrait_in_a_Straw_Hat_by_Elisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="6000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><i><a href="/wiki/Self-portrait_in_a_Straw_Hat" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-portrait in a Straw Hat">Self-portrait in a Straw Hat</a></i>, 1782</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Élisabeth Louise Vigée</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1755-04-16</span>)</span>16 April 1755<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">Paris, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">30 March 1842<span style="display:none">(1842-03-30)</span> (aged 86)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Paris, <a href="/wiki/July_Monarchy" title="July Monarchy">Kingdom of France</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Notable work</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r979066050">.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist-embedded{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;padding:0 0.25em 0 0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:after{content:", "}.mw-parser-output .sslist li:after{content:"; "}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child:after{content:none}</style><ul class="cslist"><li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette_with_a_Rose" title="Marie Antoinette with a Rose"><i>Marie Antoinette with a rose</i></a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette_with_a_Rose" title="Marie Antoinette with a Rose"><i>Marie Antoinette en gaulle</i></a></li><li><i><a href="/wiki/Self-portrait_in_a_Straw_Hat" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-portrait in a Straw Hat">Self-portrait in a Straw Hat</a></i></li><li><i>Life Study of Lady Hamilton as the Cumaean Sybil</i></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Movement</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">High Rococo</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">Neoclassicism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste-Pierre_Le_Brun" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Baptiste-Pierre Le Brun">Jean-Baptiste-Pierre Le Brun</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1776; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1793)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2, including <a href="/wiki/Julie_Le_Brun" title="Julie Le Brun">Julie</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Vig%C3%A9e" title="Louis Vigée">Louis Vigée</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun-Signature.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun-Signature.png/150px-Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun-Signature.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun-Signature.png/225px-Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun-Signature.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun-Signature.png/300px-Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun-Signature.png 2x" data-file-width="628" data-file-height="159" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Élisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[elizabɛt<span class="wrap"> </span>lwiz<span class="wrap"> </span>viʒe<span class="wrap"> </span>lə<span class="wrap"> </span>bʁœ̃]</a></span>; <span title="Name at birth"><a href="/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names" title="Birth name">née</a> <b>Vigée</b></span>; 16 April 1755 – 30 March 1842),<sup id="cite_ref-ExhCat_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ExhCat-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also known as <b>Louise Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun</b> or simply as <b>Madame Le Brun</b>, was a French painter who mostly specialized in <a href="/wiki/Portrait_painting" title="Portrait painting">portrait painting</a>, in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. </p><p>Her artistic style is generally considered part of the aftermath of <a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a> with elements of an adopted <a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">Neoclassical</a> style.<sup id="cite_ref-Gardner_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardner-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her subject matter and color palette can be classified as Rococo, but her style is aligned with the emergence of Neoclassicism. Vigée Le Brun created a name for herself in <a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a> society by serving as the portrait painter to <a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette" title="Marie Antoinette">Marie Antoinette</a>. She enjoyed the patronage of European <a href="/wiki/Aristocrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Aristocrat">aristocrats</a>, actors, and writers, and was elected to art academies in ten cities.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some famous contemporary artists, such as <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Reynolds" title="Joshua Reynolds">Joshua Reynolds</a>, viewed her as one of the greatest portraitists of her time, comparing her with the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Golden_Age_painting" title="Dutch Golden Age painting">old Dutch masters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vigée Le Brun created 660 portraits and 200 landscapes.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to many works in private collections, her paintings are owned by major museums, such as the <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a> in Paris, <a href="/wiki/Hermitage_Museum" title="Hermitage Museum">Hermitage Museum</a> in Saint Petersburg, <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery" title="National Gallery">National Gallery</a> in London, <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a> in New York, and many other collections in Europe and the United States. Her personal <a href="/wiki/Habitus_(sociology)" title="Habitus (sociology)">habitus</a> was characterized by a high sensitivity to sound, sight and smell. Between 1835 and 1837, when Vigée Le Brun was in her eighties, with the help of her nieces Caroline Rivière and Eugénie Tripier Le Franc<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eug%C3%A9nie_Tripier_Le_Franc" class="extiw" title="fr:Eugénie Tripier Le Franc">[fr]</a>, she published her memoirs in three volumes (<i>Souvenirs</i>), some of which are in epistolary format.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also contain many pen portraits as well as advice for young portraitists.<sup id="cite_ref-Memoirs_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Memoirs-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun" title="Special:EditPage/Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%C3%89lisabeth+Vig%C3%A9e+Le+Brun%22">"Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22%C3%89lisabeth+Vig%C3%A9e+Le+Brun%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22%C3%89lisabeth+Vig%C3%A9e+Le+Brun%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22%C3%89lisabeth+Vig%C3%A9e+Le+Brun%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22%C3%89lisabeth+Vig%C3%A9e+Le+Brun%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22%C3%89lisabeth+Vig%C3%A9e+Le+Brun%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in Paris on 16 April 1755,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Élisabeth Louise Vigée was the daughter of Jeanne (<span title="Name at birth"><a href="/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names" title="Birth name">née</a> Maisin</span>; 1728–1800), a hairdresser from a peasant background,<sup id="cite_ref-ExhCat_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ExhCat-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Louis_Vig%C3%A9e" title="Louis Vigée">Louis Vigée</a> (1715–1767), a portraitist, pastellist and member of the <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_de_Saint-Luc" title="Académie de Saint-Luc">Académie de Saint-Luc</a>, who mostly specialized in painting with oils. Élisabeth exhibited artistic inclinations from her childhood, making a sketch of a bearded man at the age of seven or eight; when he first saw her sketches her father was jubilant and exclaimed that "You will be a painter my child, if there ever was one", and started to give her lessons in art. In 1760, at the age of five, she had entered a convent, where she remained until 1766.<sup id="cite_ref-ExhCat_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ExhCat-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She then worked as an assistant to her father's friend, the painter and poet Pierre Davesne, with whom she learned more about painting. Her father died when she was 12 years old, from infections after several surgical operations. In 1768, her mother married a wealthy but mean jeweller, Jacques-François Le Sèvre, and shortly after, the family moved to the <a href="/wiki/Rue_Saint-Honor%C3%A9" title="Rue Saint-Honoré">Rue Saint-Honoré</a>, close to the <a href="/wiki/Palais_Royal" class="mw-redirect" title="Palais Royal">Palais Royal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Goodden_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goodden-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In her <a href="/wiki/Memoir" title="Memoir">memoir</a>, Vigée Le Brun directly stated her feelings about her stepfather: "I hated this man; even more so since he made use of my father's personal possessions. He wore his clothes, just as they were, without altering them to fit his figure."<sup id="cite_ref-Memoirs_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Memoirs-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this period, Élisabeth benefited from the advice of <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Fran%C3%A7ois_Doyen" title="Gabriel François Doyen">Gabriel François Doyen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Greuze" title="Jean-Baptiste Greuze">Jean-Baptiste Greuze</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Vernet" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Vernet">Joseph Vernet</a>, whose influence is evident in her portrait of her younger brother, playwright and poet <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Vig%C3%A9e" title="Étienne Vigée">Étienne Vigée</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Goodden_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goodden-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After her father's death, her mother sought to raise her spirits by taking her to the <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Palace" title="Luxembourg Palace">Palais de Luxembourg</a>'s art gallery; seeing the works of <a href="/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Peter Paul Rubens</a> and other old masters left a great impression on her. She also visited numerous private galleries, including those of Rendon de Boisset, the Duc de Praslin<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine-C%C3%A9sar_de_Choiseul-Praslin" class="extiw" title="fr:Antoine-César de Choiseul-Praslin">[fr]</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Gaston_de_L%C3%A9vis" title="François Gaston de Lévis">Marquis de Levis</a>; the artist took notes and copied the works of <a href="/wiki/Old_master" class="mw-redirect" title="Old master">old masters</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Anthony_van_Dyck" title="Anthony van Dyck">Van Dyke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Rubens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rembrandt" title="Rembrandt">Rembrandt</a> to improve her art. At an early age, she reversed the order of her given Christian names, and was known among her inner circle as 'Louise'. For most of her life, she signed her paintings, documents and letters as "Louise Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun", although she acknowledged later in life that the correct baptismal order would be Élisabeth Louise.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Self-portrait_at_age_sixteen_by_Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun._pastel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Self-portrait_at_age_sixteen_by_Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun._pastel.jpg/204px-Self-portrait_at_age_sixteen_by_Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun._pastel.jpg" decoding="async" width="204" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Self-portrait_at_age_sixteen_by_Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun._pastel.jpg/306px-Self-portrait_at_age_sixteen_by_Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun._pastel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Self-portrait_at_age_sixteen_by_Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun._pastel.jpg/408px-Self-portrait_at_age_sixteen_by_Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun._pastel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><i>Self-portrait at age sixteen</i>, 1771, pastel.</figcaption></figure> <p>By the time she was in her early teens, Élisabeth was painting portraits professionally.<sup id="cite_ref-OxfordArt_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OxfordArt-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She greatly disliked the contemporary <a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">High Rococo</a> fashion, and often solicited her sitters to allow her to alter their apparel. Inspired by <a href="/wiki/Raphael" title="Raphael">Raphael</a> and <a href="/wiki/Domenichino" title="Domenichino">Domenichino</a>, she often draped her subjects in shawls and long scarves; these styles would later become ubiquitous in her portraiture. After her studio was seized for her practicing without a license, she applied to the <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_de_Saint-Luc" title="Académie de Saint-Luc">Académie de Saint-Luc</a>, which unwittingly exhibited her works in its Salon. In 1774, she was made a member of the Académie.<sup id="cite_ref-OxfordArt_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OxfordArt-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her studio's reputation saw a meteoric rise, and her renown spread outside France. By 1774, she had painted portraits which included those of <a href="/wiki/Grigory_Orlov" title="Grigory Orlov">the Comte Orloff</a>, Comte Pierre Chouvaloff<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%9F%D1%91%D1%82%D1%80_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Шувалов, Пётр Иванович">[ru]</a> (one of Empress <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Russia" title="Elizabeth of Russia">Elizabeth's</a> favorites), the Comtesse de Brionne<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise-Julie-Constance_de_Brionne" class="extiw" title="fr:Louise-Julie-Constance de Brionne">[fr]</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Louise_Marie_Ad%C3%A9la%C3%AFde_de_Bourbon,_Duchess_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon, Duchess of Orléans">Duchess of Orléans</a> (future mother of King <a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I" title="Louis Philippe I">Louis Philippe</a>), the Marquis de Choiseul, and the <a href="/wiki/Henri_Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27Aguesseau" title="Henri François d'Aguesseau">Chancellor de Aguesseau</a>, among many others. In 1776, she received her first royal commission, to paint the portrait of the <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Comte de Provence</a> (the future King Louis XVIII). </p><p>After her stepfather retired from his business, he moved his family to the Hôtel de Lubert in Paris where she met <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste-Pierre_Le_Brun" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Baptiste-Pierre Le Brun">Jean-Baptiste-Pierre Le Brun</a>, a painter, art dealer and relation of the painter <a href="/wiki/Charles_Le_Brun" title="Charles Le Brun">Charles Le Brun</a>, on the Rue de Cléry where they lodged. Élisabeth visited M. Le Brun's apartments frequently to view his private collection of paintings, which included examples from many different schools. He agreed to her request to borrow some of the paintings in order to copy them and improve her skills, which she saw as one of the greatest boons of artistic instruction she had received. After residing in the Hôtel de Lubert for six months, M. Le Brun asked for the artist's hand in marriage. Élisabeth was in a dilemma as to whether to agree or refuse the offer; she had a steady source of income from her rising career as an artist and her future was secure; as such, she wrote, she had never contemplated marriage. On her mother's urging and goaded by her desire to be separated from her stepfather's worsening temperament, Élisabeth agreed, though her doubts were such that she was still hesitant on her wedding day on 11 January 1776; she was twenty years old. The wedding took place in great privacy in the <a href="/wiki/Saint-Eustache,_Paris" title="Saint-Eustache, Paris">Saint-Eustache church</a>, with only two <a href="/wiki/Banns_of_marriage" title="Banns of marriage">banns</a> being read, and was kept secret for some time at the request of her husband, who was officially engaged to another woman at the time in an attempt to secure a lucrative art deal with a Dutch art dealer. Élisabeth acceded to his request as she was reluctant to give up her now famous maiden name. In 1778, she and her husband contracted to purchase the Hôtel de Lubert. In this same year she became the official painter to the Queen. </p><p>During the two weeks after the wedding had taken place in secret, the artist was visited by a stream of people giving her ominous news regarding her husband, these people believing that she had still not agreed to his proposal. These visitors started with the court jeweller, followed by the Duchesse de Arenberg and <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Filleul,_Marquise_de_Souza-Botelho" title="Adelaide Filleul, Marquise de Souza-Botelho">Mme. de Souza</a>, the Portuguese ambassadress, who passed stories of M. Le Brun's habits as a spendthrift and womanizer. Élisabeth would later regret this match as she found these rumors to be true, though she wrote that in spite of his faults he was still an agreeable and obliging man with a sweet nature. However, she frequently condemned his gambling and adulterous habits in her memoirs, as these left her in a financially critical position at the time of her flight from France. Her relationship with him deteriorated later so much that she demanded the refund of her dowry from M. Le Brun in 1802. Vigée Le Brun began exhibiting her work at their home, and the salons she held there supplied her with many new and important contacts.<sup id="cite_ref-OxfordArt_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OxfordArt-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Her husband's great-great-uncle was <a href="/wiki/Charles_Le_Brun" title="Charles Le Brun">Charles Le Brun</a>, the first director of the <a href="/wiki/French_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="French Academy">French Academy</a> under <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a>. Her husband appropriated most of her income and pressed her to also take on the role of a private tutor to increase his income from her. The artist found tutoring to be frustrating due to her inability to assert authority over her pupils, most of whom were older than her, and found the distraction from her work irritating; she renounced tutoring soon after she had begun.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Daughter_Julie">Daughter Julie</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Daughter Julie"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Madame_Vigee-Lebrun_and_her_daughter,_Jeanne_Lucia_(Julie).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Madame_Vigee-Lebrun_and_her_daughter%2C_Jeanne_Lucia_%28Julie%29.jpg/203px-Madame_Vigee-Lebrun_and_her_daughter%2C_Jeanne_Lucia_%28Julie%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="203" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Madame_Vigee-Lebrun_and_her_daughter%2C_Jeanne_Lucia_%28Julie%29.jpg/304px-Madame_Vigee-Lebrun_and_her_daughter%2C_Jeanne_Lucia_%28Julie%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Madame_Vigee-Lebrun_and_her_daughter%2C_Jeanne_Lucia_%28Julie%29.jpg/406px-Madame_Vigee-Lebrun_and_her_daughter%2C_Jeanne_Lucia_%28Julie%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3034" data-file-height="3768" /></a><figcaption><i>Self-portrait with her Daughter Julie</i>, 1786. <a href="/wiki/Louvre_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Louvre Museum">Louvre Museum</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>After two years of marriage, Vigée Le Brun became pregnant, and on 12 February 1780, she gave birth to a daughter, <a href="/wiki/Julie_Le_Brun" title="Julie Le Brun">Jeanne Lucie Louise</a>, whom she called Julie and nicknamed "Brunette".<sup id="cite_ref-Memoirs_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Memoirs-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1784, she gave birth to a second child who died in infancy.<sup id="cite_ref-ExhCat_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ExhCat-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1781, she and her husband toured <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, where seeing the works of the Flemish masters inspired her to try new techniques. Her <i><a href="/wiki/Self-portrait_in_a_Straw_Hat" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-portrait in a Straw Hat">Self-portrait in a Straw Hat</a></i> (1782) was a "free imitation" of Rubens's <i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Susanna_Lunden" title="Portrait of Susanna Lunden">Le Chapeau de Paille</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dutch and Flemish influences have also been noted in <i>The Comte d'Espagnac</i> (1786) and <i>Madame Perregaux</i> (1789).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In yet another of the series of scandals that marked her early career, her 1785 portrait of Louis XVI's <a href="/wiki/Controller-General_of_Finances" title="Controller-General of Finances">minister of finance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Alexandre_de_Calonne" title="Charles Alexandre de Calonne">M. de Calonne</a>, was the target of a public scandal after it was exhibited in the <a href="/wiki/Salon_(Paris)" title="Salon (Paris)">Salon of 1785</a>. Rumors circulated that the minister had paid the artist a very large sum of money, while other rumors circulated that she had had an affair with de Calonne. The famous <a href="/wiki/Paris_Opera" title="Paris Opera">Paris Opera</a> soprano <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Arnould" title="Sophie Arnould">Mlle. de de Arnould</a> commented on the portrait "Madame Le Brun had cut off his legs so he could not escape". More rumors and scandals followed soon after as, to the painter's dismay, M. Le Brun began building a mansion on the Rue de-Gros-Chenet, with the public claiming that de Calonne was financing the new home - although her husband did not finish constructing the house until 1801, shortly before her return to France after her long exile. She was also rumored to have had another affair, with the <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hyacinthe_Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Paule_de_Rigaud,_Comte_de_Vaudreuil" title="Joseph Hyacinthe François de Paule de Rigaud, Comte de Vaudreuil">Comte de Vaudreuil</a>, who was one of her most devoted patrons. Their correspondence published later strongly affirmed the status of this affair. These rumors spiraled into an extensive defamation campaign targeting the painter throughout 1785.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1787, she caused a minor public scandal when her <i>Self-portrait with her Daughter Julie</i> was exhibited at that year's Salon showing her <a href="/wiki/Smile#Cultural_differences" title="Smile">smiling</a> and open-mouthed, which was in direct contravention of traditional painting conventions going back to antiquity. The court gossip-sheet <i><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9moires_secrets" title="Mémoires secrets">Mémoires secrets</a></i> commented: "An affectation which artists, art-lovers and persons of taste have been united in condemning, and which finds no precedent among the Ancients, is that in smiling, [Madame Vigée LeBrun] shows her teeth."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In light of this and her other <i>Self-portrait with her Daughter Julie</i> (1789), <a href="/wiki/Simone_de_Beauvoir" title="Simone de Beauvoir">Simone de Beauvoir</a> dismissed Vigée Le Brun as narcissistic in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Second_Sex" title="The Second Sex">The Second Sex</a></i> (1949): "Madame Vigée-Lebrun never wearied of putting her smiling maternity on her canvases."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1788, Vigée Le Brun was impressed with the faces of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Kingdom of Mysore">Mysorean</a> ambassadors of <a href="/wiki/Tipu_Sultan" title="Tipu Sultan">Tipu-Sultan</a>, and solicited their approval to take their portraits. The ambassador responded by saying he would only agree if the request came from the King, which Vigée Le Brun procured, and she proceeded to paint the <a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Muhammad_Dervish_Khan" title="Portrait of Muhammad Dervish Khan">portrait of Dervish Khan</a>, followed by a group portrait of the ambassador and his son. After finishing the portraits and leaving them with the ambassadors to dry, Vigée Le Brun sought their return in order to exhibit them in the Salon; one of the ambassadors refused the request, stating that a painting "needs a soul", and hid the paintings behind his bed. Vigée Le Brun managed to secure the portraits through the ambassador's valet, which enraged the ambassador to the point that he wished to kill his valet, but he was dissuaded from doing so as "it was not custom in Paris to kill one's valet". She falsely convinced the ambassador that the King wanted the portraits, and they were exhibited in the Salon of 1789. Unknown to the artist, these ambassadors were later executed upon their return to Mysore for failing in their mission to forge a military alliance with Louis XVI. After her husband's death, the paintings were sold along with the remnants of his estate, and Vigée Le Brun did not know who possessed them at the time she wrote her memoirs.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marie_Antoinette">Marie Antoinette</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Marie Antoinette"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_Marie_Antoinette_1783.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_Marie_Antoinette_1783.jpg/220px-Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_Marie_Antoinette_1783.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_Marie_Antoinette_1783.jpg/330px-Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_Marie_Antoinette_1783.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_Marie_Antoinette_1783.jpg/440px-Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_Marie_Antoinette_1783.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="1473" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette_with_a_Rose" title="Marie Antoinette with a Rose">Marie Antoinette with a Rose</a></i>, 1783. <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Palace of Versailles</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun,_%C3%89lisabeth_-_Marie-Antoinette_en_gaulle,_1783.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun%2C_%C3%89lisabeth_-_Marie-Antoinette_en_gaulle%2C_1783.JPG/220px-Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun%2C_%C3%89lisabeth_-_Marie-Antoinette_en_gaulle%2C_1783.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun%2C_%C3%89lisabeth_-_Marie-Antoinette_en_gaulle%2C_1783.JPG/330px-Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun%2C_%C3%89lisabeth_-_Marie-Antoinette_en_gaulle%2C_1783.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun%2C_%C3%89lisabeth_-_Marie-Antoinette_en_gaulle%2C_1783.JPG/440px-Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun%2C_%C3%89lisabeth_-_Marie-Antoinette_en_gaulle%2C_1783.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="3188" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette_with_a_Rose" title="Marie Antoinette with a Rose">Marie-Antoinette en gaulle</a></i>, 1783. The criticism for the dress in this portrait had been so intense that Vigée Le Brun had the portrait removed only a few days after it was displayed in the Salon of 1783, and quickly made a copy of it with the Queen wearing a blue silk dress, which was displayed instead.</figcaption></figure> <p>As her career blossomed, Vigée Le Brun was granted patronage by <a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette" title="Marie Antoinette">Marie Antoinette</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-OxfordArt_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OxfordArt-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She painted more than 30 portraits of the Queen and her family,<sup id="cite_ref-OxfordArt_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OxfordArt-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> leading to the common perception that she was the official portraitist of Marie Antoinette. At the Salon of 1783, Vigée Le Brun exhibited <i><a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette_with_a_Rose" title="Marie Antoinette with a Rose">Marie-Antoinette in a Muslin Dress</a></i> (1783), sometimes called <i>Marie-Antoinette en gaulle</i>, in which the Queen chose to be shown in a simple, informal cotton muslin dress, worn as an undergarment.<sup id="cite_ref-Larkin_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larkin-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The resulting scandal was prompted by both the informality of the attire and the Queen's decision to be shown in that way. Vigée Le Brun immediately had the portrait removed from the Salon and quickly repainted it, this time with the Queen in more formal attire.<sup id="cite_ref-Larkin_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Larkin-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After this scandal, the prices of Vigée Le Brun's paintings soared. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Marie_Antoinette_and_her_Children_1787">Marie Antoinette and her Children 1787</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Marie Antoinette and her Children 1787"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marie_Antoinette_and_her_Children_by_%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Marie_Antoinette_and_her_Children_by_%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg/280px-Marie_Antoinette_and_her_Children_by_%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="367" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Marie_Antoinette_and_her_Children_by_%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg/420px-Marie_Antoinette_and_her_Children_by_%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Marie_Antoinette_and_her_Children_by_%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg/560px-Marie_Antoinette_and_her_Children_by_%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2618" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette_and_Her_Children" title="Marie Antoinette and Her Children">Marie Antoinette and her Children</a></i>, 1787. <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Palace of Versailles</a>.<br />During the Napoleonic regime, this portrait was taken down by order of Napoleon, who had become concerned about the number of people who visited the gallery to see it. Instead of removing it from the gallery, the guards placed it in a dark corner, and visitors paid a small sum of money to see it. Vigée Le Brun was pleased to see it again there after her return from exile, and later still to see it displayed normally after the <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Bourbon restoration</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Vigée Le Brun's later <i><a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette_and_Her_Children" title="Marie Antoinette and Her Children">Marie Antoinette and her Children</a></i> (1787) was evidently an attempt to improve the Queen's image by making her more relatable to the public, in the hopes of countering the bad press and negative judgments that Marie Antoinette had recently received.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The portrait shows the Queen at home in the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Palace of Versailles</a>, engaged in her official function as the mother of the King's children, but also suggests Marie Antoinette's uneasy identity as a foreign-born queen whose maternal role was her only true function under <a href="/wiki/Salic_law" title="Salic law">Salic law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HydeMilam_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HydeMilam-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The child, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Joseph,_Dauphin_of_France" title="Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France">Louis Joseph</a>, on the right is pointing to an empty cradle, which signified the Queen's recent loss of a child, further emphasizing Marie Antoinette's role as a mother. Vigée Le Brun was initially afraid of displaying this portrait due to the Queen's unpopularity and fear of another negative reaction to it, to such a degree that she locked herself in at home and prayed incessantly for its success. However, she was soon greatly pleased at the positive reception for this group portrait, which was presented to the King by M. de Angevilliers, Louis XVI's minister of arts. Vigée Le Brun herself was also presented to the King, who praised the painting and told her "I know nothing about painting, but I grow to love it through you". The portrait was hung in the halls of Versailles, so that Marie Antoinette passed it on her way to mass, but it was taken down after the <a href="/wiki/Louis_Joseph,_Dauphin_of_France" title="Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France">Dauphin's</a> death in 1789. </p><p>Later on, during the <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First Empire</a>, she painted a posthumous portrait of the Queen ascending to heaven with two angels, alluding to the two children she had lost, and Louis XVI seated on two clouds. This painting was titled <i>The Apotheosis of the Queen</i>. It was displayed in the chapel of the Infirmerie Marie-Thérèse, rue Denfert-Rochereau, but vanished at some point in the 20th century. She also painted numerous other posthumous portraits of the Queen, and of King Louis XVI. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Académie_royale_de_peinture_et_de_sculpture"><span id="Acad.C3.A9mie_royale_de_peinture_et_de_sculpture"></span>Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun._La_paix_ramenant_l%27abondance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun._La_paix_ramenant_l%27abondance.jpg/223px-%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun._La_paix_ramenant_l%27abondance.jpg" decoding="async" width="223" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun._La_paix_ramenant_l%27abondance.jpg/335px-%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun._La_paix_ramenant_l%27abondance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun._La_paix_ramenant_l%27abondance.jpg/446px-%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun._La_paix_ramenant_l%27abondance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5233" data-file-height="4044" /></a><figcaption><i>Peace bringing back abundance</i>, 1783. <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>. Vigée Le Brun's submission to the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture upon her admission there </figcaption></figure> <p>On 31 May 1783, Vigée Le Brun was received as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_royale_de_peinture_et_de_sculpture" title="Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture">Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fidière_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fidière-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was one of only 15 women to be granted full membership in the Académie between 1648 and 1793.<sup id="cite_ref-Fidière_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fidière-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her rival, <a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9la%C3%AFde_Labille-Guiard" title="Adélaïde Labille-Guiard">Adélaïde Labille-Guiard</a>, was admitted on the same day.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vigée Le Brun was initially refused on the grounds that her husband was an art dealer, but eventually the Académie was overruled by an order from <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XVI of France">Louis XVI</a> because Marie Antoinette put considerable pressure on the King on behalf of her portraitist.<sup id="cite_ref-Sheriff_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sheriff-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As her <a href="/wiki/Reception_piece" title="Reception piece">reception piece</a>, Vigée Le Brun submitted an allegorical painting, <i>Peace Bringing Back Abundance</i> (<i>La Paix ramenant l'Abondance</i>), instead of a portrait, even though she was not asked for a reception piece.<sup id="cite_ref-Sheriff_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sheriff-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a consequence, the Académie did not place her work within a standard <a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_genres" title="Hierarchy of genres">category of painting</a>—either <a href="/wiki/History_painting" title="History painting">history</a> or portraiture.<sup id="cite_ref-Sheriff_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sheriff-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vigée Le Brun's membership in the Académie was dissolved after the French Revolution because the category of female academicians was abolished.<sup id="cite_ref-Gardner_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gardner-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flight_from_France">Flight from France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Flight from France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Madame_Perregaux_-_WGA25078.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Madame_Perregaux_-_WGA25078.jpg/220px-Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Madame_Perregaux_-_WGA25078.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Madame_Perregaux_-_WGA25078.jpg/330px-Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Madame_Perregaux_-_WGA25078.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Madame_Perregaux_-_WGA25078.jpg/440px-Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Madame_Perregaux_-_WGA25078.jpg 2x" data-file-width="791" data-file-height="1010" /></a><figcaption><i>Madame Perregaux</i>, 1789. (née Adélaïde Harenc de Praël), the illegitimate daughter of <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Beaujon" title="Nicolas Beaujon">Nicolas Beaujon</a>, banker to Louis XV. <a href="/wiki/Wallace_Collection" title="Wallace Collection">Wallace Collection</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MadameG_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MadameG-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption></figure> <p>Vigée Le Brun witnessed many of the events that accelerated the already rapid deterioration of the <a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a>. While travelling to <a href="/wiki/Romainville" title="Romainville">Romainville</a> to visit the <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Henri,_marquis_de_S%C3%A9gur" title="Philippe Henri, marquis de Ségur">Maréchal de Ségur</a> in July 1788, the artist experienced the massive hailstorm that swept the country, and observed the resultant devastation of crops. As the turmoil of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> grew, the artist's house on the Rue de-Gros-Chenet was harassed by <i><a href="/wiki/Sans-culottes" title="Sans-culottes">sans-culottes</a></i> due to her association with Marie Antoinette. Stricken with an intense anxiety, Vigée Le Brun's health deteriorated. M. and Mme. Brongniart pleaded with her to live with them to convalesce and recover her health, to which she agreed and spent several days in their apartment at <a href="/wiki/Les_Invalides" title="Les Invalides">Les Invalides</a>. Later in her life, in a letter to the <a href="/wiki/Princess_Natalia_Ivanovna_Kurakina" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Natalia Ivanovna Kurakina">Princess Kourakin</a>, the artist wrote: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Society seemed to be in a state of complete chaos, and honest people were left to fend for themselves, for the National Guard was made up of a strange crew, a mixture of bizarre and even frightening types. Everyone seemed to be suffering from fear; I grieved for the pregnant women who passed; the faces of most of them were sallow with worry. I noticed besides that the generation born during the Revolution was, in general, a lot less healthy than the previous one; indeed most of the children born in this sad time were weak and suffering!</p></blockquote> <p>As the situation in Paris and France continued to deteriorate with the rising tide of the revolution, the artist decided to leave Paris, and obtained passports for herself, her daughter and their governess. The very next day a large band of <a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(France)" title="National Guard (France)">national guards</a> entered her house and ordered her not to leave or else face punishment. Two sympathetic national guards from her neighborhood later returned to her house, and advised her to leave the city as fast as possible, but to take the stagecoach instead of her carriage. Vigée Le Brun then ordered three places on the stagecoach out of Paris, but had to wait two weeks to obtain seats as there were many people departing the city. Vigée Le Brun visited her mother before leaving. On 5 October 1789, the King and Queen were driven from <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_March_on_Versailles" title="Women's March on Versailles">Versailles to the Tuilleries</a> by a large crowd of Parisians – mostly women. Vigée Le Brun's stagecoach departed at midnight of the same day, with her brother and husband accompanying them to the Barrière du Trône. She, her daughter and governess dressed shabbily to avoid attracting attention. Vigée Le Brun travelled to <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> where she stayed for three days with acquaintances (Mme. and M. de Artaut), where she was barely recognized due to her changed features and shabby clothes, and then continued her journey across the <a href="/wiki/Le_Pont-de-Beauvoisin,_Is%C3%A8re" title="Le Pont-de-Beauvoisin, Isère">Beauvoisin bridge</a>, she was relieved to be finally out of France, although throughout her journey she was accompanied by <a href="/wiki/Jacobins" title="Jacobins">Jacobin</a> spies who tracked her movement.<sup id="cite_ref-GitaMay_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GitaMay-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her husband, who remained in Paris, claimed that Vigée Le Brun went to Italy "to instruct and improve herself",<sup id="cite_ref-Sheriff_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sheriff-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but she feared for her own safety.<sup id="cite_ref-Memoirs_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Memoirs-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GitaMay_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GitaMay-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Baillio_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baillio-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In her 12-year absence from France, she lived and worked in Italy (1789–1792), Austria (1792–1795), Russia (1795–1801) and Germany (1801), and remained a committed royalist throughout her life.<sup id="cite_ref-Baillio_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baillio-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Lady_Hamilton_as_the_Persian_Sibyl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Lady_Hamilton_as_the_Persian_Sibyl.jpg/220px-Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Lady_Hamilton_as_the_Persian_Sibyl.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Lady_Hamilton_as_the_Persian_Sibyl.jpg/330px-Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Lady_Hamilton_as_the_Persian_Sibyl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Lady_Hamilton_as_the_Persian_Sibyl.jpg/440px-Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Lady_Hamilton_as_the_Persian_Sibyl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1546" /></a><figcaption><i>Life Study of <a href="/wiki/Emma,_Lady_Hamilton" title="Emma, Lady Hamilton">Lady Hamilton</a> as the Cumaean Sybil</i>, 1792. <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>. This was widely considered to be one of Vigée Le Brun's greatest works, and was greatly received wherever it was displayed.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Italy">Italy</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The artist arrived in <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a> after crossing the Savoyard alps. In Turin she met the famous engraver <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Antonio_Porporati" title="Carlo Antonio Porporati">Porporati</a>, who was now a professor in the city's academy. Porporati and his daughter received the artist for five or six days until she resumed her journey southwards to <a href="/wiki/Parma" title="Parma">Parma</a>, where she met the Comte de Flavigny<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis-Agathon_de_Flavigny_de_Renansart" class="extiw" title="fr:Louis-Agathon de Flavigny de Renansart">[fr]</a> (then minister plenipotentiary of Louis XVI) who generously accommodated her during her stay there. While staying in Parma, she sought out churches and galleries that possessed works of the old master <a href="/wiki/Antonio_da_Correggio" title="Antonio da Correggio">Correggio</a>, whose painting <a href="/wiki/Nativity_(Correggio)" title="Nativity (Correggio)"><i>The Manger,</i> or <i>Nativity</i></a> had captivated her when she first saw it in the Louvre. She visited the <a href="/wiki/San_Giovanni_Evangelista,_Parma" title="San Giovanni Evangelista, Parma">church of San Giovanni</a> to observe the ceilings and alcoves painting by Correggio, and then the church of San Antonio. She also visited the library of Parma where she found ancient artifacts and sculptures. The Comte de Flavigny then introduced Vigée Le Brun to Marie Antoinette's older sister, the bereaved <a href="/wiki/Infante_of_Spain" title="Infante of Spain">Infanta</a> and Duchess of Parma, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Amalia,_Duchess_of_Parma" title="Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma">Maria Amalia</a>, while she was in mourning for her recently deceased brother <a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Emperor Joseph II</a>. The artist regarded her as lacking in Marie Antoinette's beauty and grace, and being as pallid as a ghost, and criticized her way of life as being "like that of a man", although she praised the warm welcome the Infanta had given her. Vigée Le Brun did not stay long in Parma, wishing to cross the mountains southwards before the seasons changed. De Flavigny postponed Vigée Le Brun's departure from Parma by two days so that she and her daughter could be escorted by one of his trusted men, the Vicomte de Lespignière, whose carriage accompanied her all the way to Rome. </p><p>She first arrived in <a href="/wiki/Modena" title="Modena">Modena</a>, where she visited the local Palazzo, and saw several old master paintings by Raphael, Romano and Titian. She also visited the library and the theater there. From Modena, she departed for <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>. The journey over the mountains was tortuous enough that she walked part of the way, and arrived in Bologna very tired. She wished to stay there at least one week to visit the local galleries and the Bologna arts school, which hosted some of the finest collections of old master paintings, but the innkeeper where she was residing had noticed her unloading her luggage, and informed her that her efforts were in vain, as French citizens were "allowed to reside in that city for only one night". Vigée Le Brun despaired at this news, and was fearful when a man clad in black arrived at the inn whom she recognized as a papal messenger, and assumed he was delivering an order to leave within the next twenty-four hours, She was surprised and elated when she realized that the missive he carried was permission for her to stay in Bologna as long as she pleased. At this juncture, Vigée Le Brun became aware that the Papal government was informed of all French travelers who entered Italy. </p><p> She visited the church of Sant'Agnese, of which she wrote: </p><blockquote><p>I went immediately to the church of Sant'Agnese, where this saint's martyrdom is represented in a painting by Domenichino. The youth and innocence of Saint Agnes is so well captured on her beautiful face and the features of the torturer striking her with his sword form such a cruel contrast to her divine nature, that I was overwhelmed with pious admiration. As I knelt before the masterpiece, someone played the overture to Iphigenia on the organ. The involuntary link that I made between the young pagan victim of that story and the young Christian victim, the memory of the peaceful, happy time when I had last listened to that piece of music, and the sad thought of all the evils pressing upon my unhappy country, weighed down my heart to the point where I began to cry bitterly and to pray to God on behalf of France. Fortunately I was alone in the church and I was able to remain there for some time, giving vent to those painful emotions which took control of my soul.</p></blockquote><p>She then visited several Palazzi, where she viewed some of the finest examples of the Bologna art school. She also visited the <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Caprara,_Bologna" title="Palazzo Caprara, Bologna">Palazzo Caprara</a>, the Palazzo Bonfigliola and the <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Sampieri_Talon" title="Palazzo Sampieri Talon">Palazzo Sampierei</a>, perusing arts and paintings by many old masters. Within three days of her arrival in Bologna, on 3 November 1789, she was received as a member of the academy and the institute of Bologna, with the academy director M. Bequetti personally delivering the letters of admission to her. </p><p>Soon after, she crossed the <a href="/wiki/Apennine_Mountains" title="Apennine Mountains">Apennines</a> and arrived in the <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscan</a> countryside, and from there to <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>. The artist was initially disappointed with its position at the bottom of a wide valley, having preference for elevated views, but was soon charmed by the city's beauty. She lodged herself in a hotel recommended to her. </p><p>While in Florence, she visited the famous <a href="/wiki/Uffizi" title="Uffizi">Medici gallery</a>, where she saw the widely-celebrated and famous <a href="/wiki/Venus_de%27_Medici" title="Venus de' Medici">Venus de' Medici</a> and the room of the Niobids. She then visited the <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Pitti" title="Palazzo Pitti">Pitti palace</a> where she was enamored of several paintings by old masters, including <a href="/wiki/Raphael" title="Raphael">Raphael's</a> <a href="/wiki/Madonna_della_Seggiola" title="Madonna della Seggiola"><i>Madonna della Sedia</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Titian" title="Titian">Titian's</a> <a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Pope_Paul_III_(Titian)" title="Portrait of Pope Paul III (Titian)">portrait of Paul III</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rembrandt" title="Rembrandt">Rembrandt's</a> <i>Portrait of a Philosopher</i>, <a href="/wiki/Ludovico_Carracci" title="Ludovico Carracci">Carracci's</a> <i>The</i> <i>Holy Family</i> and many others<i>.</i> She then visited the town's most beautiful landmarks, including the <a href="/wiki/Florence_Baptistery" title="Florence Baptistery">Florence Baptistery</a>, where she saw the Gates of Paradise by <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Ghiberti" title="Lorenzo Ghiberti">Ghiberti</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_San_Lorenzo,_Florence" title="Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence">Church of San Lorenzo</a>, and Michelangelo's mausoleum at the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Croce,_Florence" title="Santa Croce, Florence">Santa Croce</a>. She also visited the <a href="/wiki/Santissima_Annunziata,_Florence" title="Santissima Annunziata, Florence">Santissima Annunziata</a>, where she entered the cloister and was enthralled by <a href="/wiki/Andrea_del_Sarto" title="Andrea del Sarto">Andrea del Sarto's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Madonna_del_Sacco_(Andrea_del_Sarto)" title="Madonna del Sacco (Andrea del Sarto)">Madonna del Sacco</a>,</i> comparing it to Raphael's paintings, but also lamented the state of neglect of the lunettes. She also visited the <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palazzo_Valori-Altoviti" class="extiw" title="it:Palazzo Valori-Altoviti">Palazzo Altoviti</a>, where she saw the self-portrait of Raphael, praising his countenance and expression as that of a "man who was obviously a keen observer of life", but also stated that the painting's protective glass had made its shadows darker. She then visited the <a href="/wiki/Laurentian_Library" title="Laurentian Library">Medici library</a>, and later a gallery containing numerous self-portraits by famous artists, where she was asked to present her own self-portrait to the collection, promised to do so as soon as she reached Rome. During her stay in Florence, Vigée Le Brun made the acquaintance of another French lady, the Marquise de Venturi, who took her on excursions along <a href="/wiki/Arno" title="Arno">the Arno</a>. She soon left Florence and departed for <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, arriving there in late November 1789. </p><p>As she arrived in Rome, she was surprised by how filthy the famous <a href="/wiki/Tiber" title="Tiber">Tiber</a> was. She headed to the French Academy in the <a href="/wiki/Via_del_Corso" title="Via del Corso">Via del Corso</a> where the director of the academy, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Guillaume_M%C3%A9nageot" title="François-Guillaume Ménageot">M. de Ménageot</a>, went down to receive her. She requested lodging of him, and he quickly furnished her, her daughter and her governess a nearby apartment. He took her to see <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">Saint Peter's</a> on the very same day, where she was underwhelmed by its size; not matching the lavish descriptions she had heard of it, although its vastness became apparent to her upon walking around the structure. She stated to de Ménageot that she would have preferred for it to be supported by columns instead of enormous pillars, to which he replied that it was originally planned as such but it was found not feasible, later showing her some of the original plans for the Basilica. </p><p> She visited the <a href="/wiki/Sistine_Chapel" title="Sistine Chapel">Sistine Chapel</a> later on to see <a href="/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a>'s much criticized <i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Judgment_(Michelangelo)" title="The Last Judgment (Michelangelo)">The Last Judgement</a></i>, for which she expressed great praise, writing in a letter to the painter <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Robert" title="Hubert Robert">Robert</a>: </p><blockquote><p>I also climbed the steps to the Sistine chapel, to admire the ceiling with a fresco by Michelangelo as well as his painting of The Last Supper. Despite all the criticisms of this painting, I thought it a masterpiece of the first order for the expression and the boldness of the foreshortened figures. There is a sublime quality in both the composition and in the execution. As for the general air of chaos, I believe it to be totally justified by the subject matter. </p></blockquote><p>On the next day, she visited the Vatican museum; of her visit, she wrote to Robert: </p><blockquote><p>The following day I went to the Vatican Meusum. There is really nothing to compare with the classical masterpieces either in shape, style or execution. The Greeks, in particular, created a complete and perfect unison between truth and beauty. Looking at their work, there is no doubt that they possessed exceptional models, or that the men and women of Greece discovered an ideal of beauty long, long ago. As yet I have made only a superficial study of the museum's contents, but the (<a href="/wiki/Belvedere_Apollo" class="mw-redirect" title="Belvedere Apollo">Belvedere Apollo</a>) <i>Apollo</i>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Dying_Gladiator" class="mw-redirect" title="Dying Gladiator">Dying Gladiator</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Laoco%C3%B6n_and_His_Sons" title="Laocoön and His Sons"><i>Laocoon</i></a>, the magnificent altars, the splendid candelabras, indeed all the beautiful things that I saw have left a permanent impression on my memory.</p></blockquote><p>On the same day, she was summoned by the members of the Academy of Painting, including <a href="/wiki/Anne-Louis_Girodet_de_Roussy-Trioson" title="Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson">Girodet</a>: they presented her with the palette of the greatly talented deceased painter <a href="/wiki/Jean_Germain_Drouais" title="Jean Germain Drouais">Jean Germain Drouais</a>, In exchange, they asked her for her own palette, which she obliged.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She later visited the <a href="/wiki/Colosseum" title="Colosseum">Colosseum</a>, where she saw the cross placed on one of its high points by Robert. While in Rome, she was very keen to seek out the famous female painter <a href="/wiki/Angelica_Kauffman" title="Angelica Kauffman">Angelica Kaufmann</a>, with whom she spent two evenings. Kaufmann showed Vigée Le Brun her gallery and sketches, and they engaged in long conversations. Vigée Le Brun praised her wit and intellect, although Vigée Le Brun found little inspirations in these evenings, citing Kaufmann's lack of enthusiasm and Vigée Le Brun's own dearth of knowledge. For the first three days of her stay in Rome, she visited the home of <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Joachim_de_Pierre_de_Bernis" title="François-Joachim de Pierre de Bernis">Cardinal Bernis</a>, who was a gracious host to her. </p><p>Vigée Le Brun was very sensitive to sound while sleeping; this was a lifetime burden for her, and when traveling to new locations or cities, frequent moving of lodgings was customary until she found a suitably quiet residence. Due to the racket of coachmen and horses near her apartment in the French Academy and the nightly music of the Calabrians to a nearby Madonna, she searched for other lodgings, which she found in the home of the painter <a href="/wiki/Simon_Denis" title="Simon Denis">Simon Denis</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Piazza_di_Spagna" title="Piazza di Spagna">Piazza di Spagna</a>, but soon afterwards left this apartment due to the nightly habits of young men and women of singing in the streets at the night. She departed and found a third home, which she carefully scrutinized, then paid one month's worth of rent in advance. On her first night there, she was awoken by a loud noise behind her bed caused by water being pumped through pipes to wash the laundry; a nightly occurrence. She quickly left this home as well to continue her search for quiet lodgings. After a painstaking search, she found a private mansion where she was told she might be able to rent an apartment. She lodged herself there but found it completely unsavory due to the filthiness of its rooms, its poor insulation and a rat infestation in the wooden paneling. Finding herself at her wit's end, she was forced to stay there for six weeks before seeking a new home suitable to her needs. She eventually found a house which seemed perfect, but she refused to pay rent until she had spent a night there; she was immediately woken up by noise caused by a worm infestation in the joists of her room. She left this house as well, later writing; "<i>regretfully I had to abandon the idea of living there. No-one, I am sure, could have changed lodgings as often as I did during my various visits to the capital; I remain convinced that the most difficult thing to find in Rome is a place to live</i>." </p><p>Soon after her arrival in Rome, she dispatched the promised self-portrait to Florence. In this portrait, she depicted herself in the act of painting, with the Queen's face on her canvas. She made numerous copies of this portrait later on.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/French_Academy_in_Rome" title="French Academy in Rome">The Rome Academy</a> also requested her self-portrait, which she presented them with. She attended the <a href="/wiki/Urbi_et_Orbi" title="Urbi et Orbi">pope's blessing</a>, delivered by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_IV" title="Pope Pius IV">Pope Pius IV</a> during Easter Day in Saint Peter's, while in Rome. Vigée Le Brun found his features stunning, describing them as "not showing any signs of age". </p><p>She worked hard during her three-year residency in Rome, painting numerous subjects including <a href="/wiki/Anne_Grenville,_Baroness_Grenville" title="Anne Grenville, Baroness Grenville">Miss Pitt</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hervey,_4th_Earl_of_Bristol" title="Frederick Hervey, 4th Earl of Bristol">Lord Bristol</a>, <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Anna_Cetner" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Anna Cetner">Countess Potocka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emma,_Lady_Hamilton" title="Emma, Lady Hamilton">Lady Hamilton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyacinthe-Gabrielle_Roland" title="Hyacinthe-Gabrielle Roland">Mme. Roland</a> and many others. She toured Rome's landmarks extensively, visiting the <a href="/wiki/San_Pietro_in_Vincoli" title="San Pietro in Vincoli">San Pietro in Vincoli</a>, the <a href="/wiki/San_Lorenzo_fuori_le_mura" title="San Lorenzo fuori le mura">San Lorenzo Fuori le Mura</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Archbasilica_of_Saint_John_Lateran" title="Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran">St. John Lateran</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Paul_Outside_the_Walls" title="Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls">San Paolo la Fuori le Mura</a>, which she found to be, architecturally, the most beautiful church in Rome. She also visited the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_della_Vittoria,_Rome" title="Santa Maria della Vittoria, Rome">Santa Maria della Vittoria</a>, where she saw <a href="/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini" title="Gian Lorenzo Bernini">Bernini's</a> notorious <i><a href="/wiki/Ecstasy_of_Saint_Teresa" title="Ecstasy of Saint Teresa">Ecstasy of Saint Teresa</a>,</i> writing of it "...whose scandalous expression defies description". </p><p>Apart from her fellow female artist Kaufmann, Vigée Le Brun found company in the <a href="/wiki/Aim%C3%A9e_de_Coigny" title="Aimée de Coigny">Duchesse de Fleury</a>, with whom she became close friends. She also found herself in the social circles of exiled French aristocracy who came to Rome, embedding herself there like most exiled French had done, instead of congregating with Italian aristocracy. She spent many evenings hosted by de Ménageot or the Prince Camille de Rohan, ambassador to <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>.,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who hosted many other exiled French aristocrats. Many of these she attended with her close friend the Duchesse de Fleury, on whom she greatly doted. She soon found one of her oldest friends, M. d'Agincourt, who had lent her art pieces from his gallery to copy when she was very young. She had last met him fourteen years previously in Paris, before he departed from there. She also met the <a href="/wiki/Jean-Sifrein_Maury" title="Jean-Sifrein Maury">Abbe Maury</a> before he became Cardinal, who informed her that the pope wished her to paint his portrait. She was greatly flattered by the offer, but politely declined; fearing that she would fumble the portrait as she would be forced to wear a veil while painting the pope. Soon afterwards she was taken by de Ménageot, along with the painter Denis, for an excursion to Tivoli. There she visited the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Vesta,_Tivoli" title="Temple of Vesta, Tivoli">Temple of the Sibyl</a>, and then Neptune's Grotto. De Ménageot also took her to see the <a href="/wiki/Villa_Aldobrandini" title="Villa Aldobrandini">Villa Aldobrandini</a>, and the ancient ruins of the Roman town of <a href="/wiki/Tusculum" title="Tusculum">Tusculum</a>, which "evoked many sad thoughts". The entourage continued to <a href="/wiki/Monte_Cavo" title="Monte Cavo">Monte Cavo</a>, seeking out the Temple of Jupiter built there. She visited numerous villas, including the Villa Conti, the Villa Palavicina and the ruins of <a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Villa" title="Hadrian's Villa">Hadrian's Villa</a>. She also made frequent excursions to the summit of <a href="/wiki/Monte_Mario" title="Monte Mario">Monte Mario</a> to enjoy the view it offered of the Apennines, and visited the Villa Mellini there. In the summer months, she and the Duchesse de Fleury rented an apartment in the home of the painter <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Maratta" title="Carlo Maratta">Carlo Maratta</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Genazzano" title="Genazzano">Genazzano</a> countryside. She and the Duchess toured the countryside there regularly, visiting <a href="/wiki/Lake_Nemi" title="Lake Nemi">Nemi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Albano" title="Lake Albano">Albano</a> among others. One of these excursions around <a href="/wiki/Ariccia" title="Ariccia">Ariccia</a> caused an incident in which she and the Duchess fled for their lives from what they suspected was a rogue following them, of which she wrote "I have never discovered whether the man who caused our exhaustion was a real villain or the most innocent man in the world". </p><p>After a residency of eight months in Rome, the painter planned to follow most of French polite society as it moved to <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>. She informed Cardinal Bernis, who approved of her decision to go, but told her to not travel alone; to that end, he referred her to M. Duvivier, the husband of <a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise_Mignot" title="Marie Louise Mignot">Mme. Mignot</a>, widow of the painter Denis and <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a>'s niece. She traveled in his spacious carriage to Naples, stopping at an inn in <a href="/wiki/Terracina" title="Terracina">Terracina</a> on the way. As she arrived in Naples she was captivated by the view of the city, the distant plumes of smoke from <a href="/wiki/Mount_Vesuvius" title="Mount Vesuvius">Mount Vesuvius</a>, the rolling hills of the countryside, and its citizens, writing "...even the people, so lively, so boisterous, so different from the people of Rome, that one would think a thousand leagues lay between the two cities". Her first residency in Naples lasted for six months, although originally planned to be six weeks. </p><p>She initially lodged in <a href="/wiki/Chiaia" title="Chiaia">Chiaia</a>, in the Hotel de Maroc. Her neighbor, the ailing Count Scavronsky, Russian Minister Plenipotentiary to Naples, sent a missive to inquire of her shortly after her arrival, and sent her a lavish dinner. She visited him and his wife, <a href="/wiki/Yekaterina_von_Engelhardt" title="Yekaterina von Engelhardt">Countess Catherine Skavronskaïa</a>, the same night in their mansion, where she found amiable company with the couple, who invited her again on many evenings. The Count made Vigée Le Brun promise to paint his wife before anyone else in Naples, and she set to painting her <a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Countess_Yekaterina_Skavronskaya" title="Portrait of Countess Yekaterina Skavronskaya">portrait</a> two days after her arrival. Soon afterwards, <a href="/wiki/William_Hamilton_(diplomat)" title="William Hamilton (diplomat)">Sir William Hamilton</a>, the English envoy extraordinary to the Kingdom of Naples, visited Vigée Le Brun while the Countess was sitting for her, requesting that the artist paint his mistress, Emma Hart, as her first portrait in the city, it being unknown to him that she had already promised Count Scavronsky that she would paint his wife. She later painted Emma Hart as a <a href="/wiki/Maenad" title="Maenad">bacchante</a>, and was captivated by her beauty and long chestnut hair. Sir William also commissioned a portrait of himself, which she completed later. The artist noticed that Sir William had a mercantile inclination towards art, frequently selling paintings and portraits he commissioned for profit. On her future visit to England, she found that he had sold her portrait of him for 300 <a href="/wiki/Guinea_(coin)" title="Guinea (coin)">guineas</a>. She also met Lord Bristol again and painted a second portrait of him. While in Naples, she also painted portraits of the Queen of Naples, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Carolina_of_Austria" title="Maria Carolina of Austria">Maria Carolina</a> of Austria (sister of Marie Antoinette) and her four eldest living children: <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Naples_and_Sicily" title="Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily">Maria Teresa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Francis I of the Two Sicilies">Francesco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Princess_Luisa_of_Naples_and_Sicily" title="Princess Luisa of Naples and Sicily">Luisa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maria_Cristina_of_Naples_and_Sicily" title="Maria Cristina of Naples and Sicily">Maria Cristina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Baillio_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baillio-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She later recalled that Luisa "was extremely ugly, and pulled such faces that I was most reluctant to finish her portrait."<sup id="cite_ref-Memoirs_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Memoirs-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She visited the French ambassador to Naples, the Baron de Talleyrand,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and while being hosted by him she met Mme. Silva, a Portuguese woman. Vigée Le Brun then decided to visit the island of <a href="/wiki/Capri" title="Capri">Capri</a> to see the palatial Roman ruins there. Her entourage included Mme. Silva, the Comte de la Roche-Aymon<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Charles_%C3%89tienne_Paul_de_La_Roche-Aymon" class="extiw" title="fr:Antoine Charles Étienne Paul de La Roche-Aymon">[fr]</a> and the young son of Baron de Talleyrand. The voyage to the island was turbulent due to rough waters. Soon afterwards, she made multiple trips to the summit of Vesuvius. Her entourage included Mme. Silva and Abbé Bertrand on the first journey, which was hampered by severe rain. On the next day, with clear weather, she climbed the volcano again, with M. de la Chesnaye joining. The party observed the erupting volcano, with plumes of smoke and ash rising from it. </p><p> Of her visit to Mt. Vesuvius, she wrote in a letter to the architect <a href="/wiki/Alexandre-Th%C3%A9odore_Brongniart" title="Alexandre-Théodore Brongniart">Brongniart</a>: </p><blockquote><p>We also went up to the mountain refuge. The sun set and we watched its rays disappear behind the islands of Ischia and Procida: what a view! Eventually night fell, and the smoke turned into flames, the most magnificent I have ever seen in my life. Great jets of fire shot up from the craters in quick succession, throwing red hot rocks noisily on all sides. At the same time a cascade of fire ran down front the summit, covering an area of four to five miles. Another lower mouth of the volcano was also alight; this crater churned out a red and gold smoke, rounding off the frightening but wonderful spectacle. The thunderous noise that seemed to come from deep inside the volcano echoed around us, and the ground shook beneath our feet. I was quite frightened, but tried to hide my fear for the sake of my poor little daughter who was crying, `Maman, should I be afraid?'. But there was so much to admire that I soon forgot my fear. Imagine looking down over countless furnaces, whole fields swallowed by the blaze that followed in the wake of the lava. I saw bushes, trees, vines, consumed by this terrible rolling fire; I saw the fire rise up and die out, and I heard it eat its way through the surrounding undergrowth. This powerful scene of destruction is both painful and impressive, and stirs deep feelings within one's soul; I could not speak for a while on my return to Naples; on the road, I kept turning around to see the sparks and that river of fire once more. I was sad to leave such a spectacle; but I have the memory still, and every day I think on different aspects of what I saw. I have four drawings which I shall bring to Paris to show you. Two have already been mounted; we are very happy here.</p></blockquote><p>She returned to the volcano several times, visiting it with the painter <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Guillon-Lethi%C3%A8re" title="Guillaume Guillon-Lethière">Lethière</a>, former director of the French Academy of painting in Rome. Soon afterwards, she was invited by Sir William to visit the Islands of <a href="/wiki/Ischia" title="Ischia">Ischia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Procida" title="Procida">Procida</a>. This voyage included his mistress Emma Hart and her mother. Vigée Le Brun was instantly mesmerized by the island and its inhabitants, writing of its women "I was instantly struck by the beauty of the women we encountered on the road. They were nearly all tall and statuesque, their costume as well as their build reminding me of the ancient women of Greece". </p><p>The party departed from Procida on the same way, bound for Ischia. They arrived there in the late evening. On the next day, they were taken by General Baron de Salis with a party of twenty to visit the summit of Monte San Nicola. The journey was perilous, and Vigée Le Brun was separated from the party due to dense fog, but soon afterwards found her way to the refuge at the summit of the mountain. After returning to Naples, the artist visited the ancient ruins of <a href="/wiki/Paestum" title="Paestum">Paestum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herculaneum" title="Herculaneum">Herculaneum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Portici" title="Royal Palace of Portici">museum at Portici</a>. Shortly before the new year, she moved to another home due to problems with her previous residence. It was there that she also met the famous composer <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Paisiello" title="Giovanni Paisiello">Paëisiello</a> and painted his portrait while he was in the process of composition. She frequented Mt. Posillipo during her stay in Naples, including the ancient ruins there and <a href="/wiki/Virgil%27s_tomb" title="Virgil's tomb">Virgil's grave</a>, and it became one of her favorite landmarks. </p><p>She returned to Rome afterwards, just in time to find the Queen of Naples arriving from her visit to Austria. The Queen espied the artist in a large crowd, went to her and impressed her to return to Naples to paint her portrait; Le Brun agreed to the prospect. Upon her return to Naples, she was taken by Sir William to the widely popular local festival of Madonna di Piedigrotta, the festival of Madonna dell'Arco. She also visited the <a href="/wiki/Solfatara_(volcano)" title="Solfatara (volcano)">Solfatara</a> volcano with M. Amaury Duval and Sacaut. While in Naples, the artist was also fascinated by the local culture of the <a href="/wiki/Lazzaroni_(Naples)" title="Lazzaroni (Naples)">Lazzaroni</a>. </p><p>Upon finishing her portrait of the Queen, she was offered her summerhouse near the coast to entice her to spend more time in Naples, but Le Brun insisted on leaving. Before departing, the Queen gave her a luxurious lacquered box containing her monogram surrounded by fine gems. She returned to Rome once again, undertaking many commissions there, including those of Louis XVI's aunts, mesdames <a href="/wiki/Victoire_of_France" title="Victoire of France">Victoire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9la%C3%AFde_of_France" title="Adélaïde of France">Adélaïde</a>. She left Rome on 14 April 1792 for Venice, writing later that she wept bitterly as she left Rome, having grown very attached to that city. She was accompanied by M. <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_Louis_Jean-Baptiste_Rivi%C3%A8re" class="extiw" title="fr:Auguste Louis Jean-Baptiste Rivière">Auguste Rivière</a>, occasional diplomat and painter and the brother of Le Brun's sister-in-law.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He would be the artist's travelling companion for 9 years, often copying her portraits. Le Brun spent the first night on the road at <a href="/wiki/Civita_Castellana" title="Civita Castellana">Civita Castellana</a>, then continued her journey through precipitous and craggy roads, describing the landscape there as gloomy and 'the saddest in the world'. She then arrived in <a href="/wiki/Narni" title="Narni">Narni</a>, where she was charmed by the countryside. From there she continued on to <a href="/wiki/Terni" title="Terni">Terni</a> where she toured the countryside and hiked up local mountains. She resumed her journey over <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valico_della_Somma" class="extiw" title="it:Valico della Somma">Monte Somma across the Apennines</a> then to Spoleto. In this town, she witnessed Raphael's partially completed Adoration of the Magi, from which she gained valuable information on his painting techniques, observing that he painted hands and faces first, and experimented frequently with different tints during the early drafting process. While in Spoleto she also visited the Temple of Concord in the mountains,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the ruins of the ancient town there. She continued to Venice, passing <a href="/wiki/Treviso" title="Treviso">Trevi</a>, Cetri and <a href="/wiki/Foligno" title="Foligno">Foligno</a>. In the latter town she found Raphael's <i><a href="/wiki/Madonna_of_Foligno" title="Madonna of Foligno">Madonna di Foligno</a>,</i> which gained the complete admiration of Le Brun. She continued to <a href="/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia">Perugia</a>, passing by <a href="/wiki/Lake_Trasimeno" title="Lake Trasimeno">Lake Trasimene</a> and hen on to Lise, Combuccia, <a href="/wiki/Arezzo" title="Arezzo">Arezzo</a>, Levana and Pietre-Fonte, finally arriving in Florence, where she had resided for a short while after her flight from France. </p><p>Upon her arrival in Florence, she had a memorable meeting with the <a href="/wiki/Felice_Fontana" title="Felice Fontana">Abbé Fontana</a>, then a renowned anatomist. Fontana showed Le Brun his study, filled with wax figures of human organs. The intricacy of the details on some of the replicas had made the artist feel that only divine power could have created the human body. Fontana then showed Le Brun a life-sized figure of a human female, with an exposed cutaway of the intestines. Vigée Le Brun was nearly sick at this sight, and was haunted by it for a long time, later writing to Fontana for advice on relieving herself from the stress and consequences of having seen the internal anatomy of the human body, to which he replied to her; "<i>That which you describe as a weakness and a misfortune, is in fact the source of your strength and talent; moreover, if you wish to diminish the inconvenience caused by this sensitivity, then stop painting</i>". </p><p> After departing Florence she travelled to <a href="/wiki/Siena" title="Siena">Siena</a> where she remained for a few days, excursing frequently in its countryside and visiting local churches and galleries. From Siena she left for Parma, where she was welcomed as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Fine_Arts_of_Parma" title="Academy of Fine Arts of Parma">Academy of Fine Arts of Parma</a>, and donated a portrait of her daughter. During her stay there, she was visited by a small group of art students from the academy who wished to acquaint themselves with her work;</p><blockquote><p>I was told that there were seven or eight art students downstairs who wished to see me. They were ushered into the room where I had placed my <i>Sibyl</i> and a few minutes later I went to receive them. Having spoken of their desire to meet me, they continued by saying that they would very much like to see one of my paintings. 'Here is one I have recently completed,' I replied, pointing to the <i>Sibyl</i>. At first their surprise held them silent: I considered this far more flattering than the most fulsome praise: several then said that they had thought the painting the work of one of the masters of their school: one actually threw himself at my feet, his eyes full of tears. I was even more moved, even more delighted with their admiration since the <i>Sibyl</i> had always been one of my favourite works. </p></blockquote><p>After a few days in Parma, during which she revisited numerous churches and local landmarks & galleries, she finally departed Parma in July 1792, visiting Mantua on her way to Venice. In Mantua she visited the <a href="/wiki/Mantua_Cathedral" title="Mantua Cathedral">local Cathedral</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ducal_Palace,_Mantua" title="Ducal Palace, Mantua">ducal palace</a>, the house of <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Romano_(painter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Giulio Romano (painter)">Giulio Romano</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Sant%27Andrea,_Mantua" title="Basilica of Sant'Andrea, Mantua">Church of Sant'Andrea</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_del_Te" title="Palazzo del Te">Palazzo del Te</a> and numerous other local landmarks. </p><p>She arrived in Venice on the eve of Ascension day. She was surprised by the city's partially submerged aspect, and it was some time before she became accustomed to the modes of transportation in the city's canals. She was received by M. Denon, a fellow artist whom she knew from Paris, who acted as her <a href="/wiki/Cicerone" title="Cicerone">cicerone</a>, touring the city's landmarks with her. She subsequently witnessed the <a href="/wiki/Marriage_of_the_Sea_ceremony" title="Marriage of the Sea ceremony">marriage of Venice and the Sea ceremony</a>. During the celebrations, she met the <a href="/wiki/Prince_Augustus_Frederick,_Duke_of_Sussex" title="Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex">Prince Augustus of England</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Marie_Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_de_Choiseul" title="Marie Thérèse de Choiseul">Princess de Monaco</a>, whom she found to have been pining to return to France to see her children; this was to be her last meeting with the princess, who had been later executed during <a href="/wiki/Reign_of_Terror" title="Reign of Terror">Reign of Terror</a>. </p><p>While in Venice, she visited the churches of <a href="/wiki/Santi_Giovanni_e_Paolo,_Venice" title="Santi Giovanni e Paolo, Venice">Santi Giovanni e Paolo</a>, the <a href="/wiki/St_Mark%27s_Basilica" title="St Mark's Basilica">Church of Saint Mark</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Piazza_San_Marco" title="Piazza San Marco">square there</a>, and the local cemetery. While residing in Venice, she often engaged the company of the Spanish ambassadress, with whom she attended <a href="/wiki/Gaspare_Pacchierotti" title="Gaspare Pacchierotti">Paccherotti's</a> last concert. She soon departed Venice for <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, stopping at Vicenza, touring its palaces and landmarks, where she was also received lavishly. She then visited Padua, where she visited <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Eremitani" title="Church of the Eremitani">Church of the Eremitani</a>, praising the church's frescos that were made by <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Mantegna" title="Andrea Mantegna">Mantegna</a>, and also visited the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Anthony_of_Padua" title="Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua">Basilica del Santo</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Padua_Baptistery" title="Padua Baptistery">church of St. John the Baptist</a>. After departing Padua, she visited Verona, where she spent a week, touring the <a href="/wiki/Verona_Arena" title="Verona Arena">ruins of the Amphitheatre</a>, the <a href="/wiki/San_Giorgio_in_Braida,_Verona" title="San Giorgio in Braida, Verona">San Giorgio in Braida</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sant%27Anastasia,_Verona" title="Sant'Anastasia, Verona">Church of Sant'Anastasia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_San_Zeno,_Verona" title="Basilica of San Zeno, Verona">Church of San Zeno</a>. After spending a week in Verona she left the city, hoping to return to France by way of <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>. </p><p>In Turin she referred herself to the <a href="/wiki/Clotilde_of_France" title="Clotilde of France">Queen of Sardinia</a>, having been given letters of introduction by her aunts, the Mesdames of France whom she had painted in Rome; requesting the artist to paint their niece on her way to France. When she presented this to the bereaved Queen, she politely refused the request, stating that she has given up all worldly matters and had taken up an austere life, which the painter had confirmed from the Queen's disheveled appearance. She also made acquaintance of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel_IV_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia">her husband, the King of Sardinia</a>, while visiting the Queen, finding that had become increasingly reclusive and very thin, and delegated most of his duties to the Queen. </p><p>After meeting the Queen of Sardinia, Le Brun visited Madame, the wife of the <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Comte de Provence</a>, future king Louis XVIII (future queen of France in-exile). She excursed frequently to the countryside with her and her lady in waiting, <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_de_Gourbillon" title="Marguerite de Gourbillon">Mme. de Gourbillon</a>. She soon met the engraver Porporati again, who recommended her to lodge in a quiet inn in the countryside, she travelled there and was greatly pleased by the quietude and charming views it offered. not long afterwards Vigée Le Brun received news of the <a href="/wiki/Insurrection_of_10_August_1792" title="Insurrection of 10 August 1792">storming of the Tuileries in 10th August</a>. Beset with despair, she set back for Turin, where she found the town filled with French refugees as turmoil intensified during the French revolution, setting a cruel spectacle for the artist. She subsequently rented a small home on the <a href="/wiki/Moncalieri" title="Moncalieri">Moncalieri hillside</a>, overlooking the <a href="/wiki/Po_(river)" title="Po (river)">Po river</a> with M. de Rivière, who had arrived recently and narrowly escaped revolutionary violence as it swept the countryside, in solitude. Soon after she was frequently visited there by the <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Yusupov" title="Nikolay Yusupov">Prince Ysoupoff</a>. She soon decided to leave for Milan, but not before repaying the kindness Porporati had extended to her by painting his daughter's portrait, with which he was greatly pleased and made several engravings of the painting, sending several of them to Le Brun. </p><p>During her stay in Venice she lost yet another fortune, amounting to 35,000 francs, most of which she had accumulated from her commissions in Italy - which she had deposited in the bank of Venice, when <a href="/wiki/Italian_campaigns_of_the_French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars">French troops, campaigning</a> under the command of the rising general <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon Buonaparte</a>, captured the city shortly after she had left it. Le Brun had been repeatedly warned by M. Sacaut, the embassy secretary, to withdraw her money from the bank, foreseeing that French Republican troops might attack the city. The artist dismissed his warnings as 'a republic would never attack another republic'; nevertheless Napoleon later issued an ultimatum to the city to submit, and French troops entered the city. As Venice was looted, General Buonaparte had instructed the banker to spare Le Brun's deposit and afford her an annuity, but the orders were not carried out in the chaotic predicament of the city, and all that reached Vigée Le Brun were two hundred and fifty francs out of an original deposit of 40,000. During her travels in Italy, her name was added to the list of émigrés, losing her French citizenship and having her property scheduled for confiscation. M. Le Brun attempted to have his wife's name struck from the list of émigrés at this juncture by appealing to the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_(France)" title="Legislative Assembly (France)">Assemblée législative</a> to no avail, and he along with Etienne, Vigée Le Brun's brother, were both briefly incarcerated in 1793, shortly before the terror began. Soon after, M. Le Brun attempted to protect himself and their properties from confiscation and began suing for divorce from his wife. The decree of divorce was issued on 3 June 1793. </p><p> Halfway through her journey to Milan, she was detained for two days due to her nationality. She sent a letter to Count Wilsheck, the Austrian embassador in the town, who secured her release. The count convinced Vigée Le Brun to travel to Vienna, and she decided to go there after her visit to Milan. The artist received a warm welcome in Milan, with many young men and women from noble families serenading her outside her window, which persuaded the artist to extend her stay in Milan by a few days. It was during this time that she visited the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_delle_Grazie,_Milan" title="Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan">Santa Maria delle Grazie</a> and saw <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo Da Vinci's</a> famous <i><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a>.</i> Writing of it;</p><blockquote><p>I visited the refectory of the monastery known as Santa Maria delle Grazie with its famous Last Supper fresco by Leonardo da Vinci. It is one of the great masterpieces of the Italian school: yet in admiring this nobly portrayed Christ and all the other characters painted with such truth and such feeling, I groaned to see the extent to which this superb painting had been defaced: to begin with it had been covered with plaster, and then repainted in several parts. Nevertheless it was possible to judge what this beautiful work had been like prior to these disasters. for the effect, when viewed from a little distance, was still admirable. Since then I have learnt of a completely different cause of its poor condition. I was told that during the wars with Bonaparte in Italy, the soldiers would amuse themselves by firing musket balls at Leonardo's Last Supper! May these Barbarians be cursed!</p></blockquote><p> She also saw various cartoons of Raphael's <a href="/wiki/The_School_of_Athens" title="The School of Athens"><i>School of Athens</i></a>, and various other drawings and sketches by Raphael, Da Vinci and numerous other artists at the <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Ambrosiana" title="Biblioteca Ambrosiana">Biblioteca Ambrosiana</a>. She visited the Madonna del Monte, enjoying its commanding view, and sketched the countryside frequently. </p><p>She later visited <a href="/wiki/Lake_Maggiore" title="Lake Maggiore">Lake Maggiore</a> and resided on one of the two islands in the lake, the <a href="/wiki/Isola_Bella_(Lago_Maggiore)" title="Isola Bella (Lago Maggiore)">Isola Bella</a>, being granted permission by the Prince Borromeo to lodge on the estate there. She soon attempted to visit the other isle, Isola Madre, but stormy weather affected her journey and she returned. It was during this period that she met the Countess Bistri, who would become one of her close friends. She informed the countess of her desire to travel to Vienna, and the countess replied that she and her husband were travelling there soon. Wishing to accompany the artist on her travel, the count and countess brought forward their date of departure to accomplish this. Vigée Le Brun praised the great care they took of her, and she finally left Milan for Austria. Vigée Le Brun would later describe Milan as being very similar to Paris. </p><p>While in Italy, Vigée Le Brun was elected to the Academy in <a href="/wiki/Parma" title="Parma">Parma</a> (1789) and the <a href="/wiki/Accademia_di_San_Luca" title="Accademia di San Luca">Accademia di San Luca</a> in Rome (1790).<sup id="cite_ref-Baillio_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baillio-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vigée Le Brun also painted <a href="/wiki/Allegory" title="Allegory">allegorical</a> portraits of <a href="/wiki/Emma,_Lady_Hamilton" title="Emma, Lady Hamilton">Emma Hamilton</a> as <a href="/wiki/Ariadne" title="Ariadne">Ariadne</a> (1790) and as a <a href="/wiki/Maenad" title="Maenad">Bacchante</a> (1792). Lady Hamilton was similarly the model for Vigée Le Brun's <i>Sibyl</i> (1792), which was inspired by the painted <a href="/wiki/Sibyl" title="Sibyl">sibyls</a> of <a href="/wiki/Domenichino" title="Domenichino">Domenichino</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sheriff_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sheriff-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Baillio2_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baillio2-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The painting represents the <a href="/wiki/Cumaean_Sibyl" title="Cumaean Sibyl">Cumaean Sibyl</a>, as indicated by the Greek inscription on the figure's scroll, which is taken from <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>'s fourth <a href="/wiki/Eclogues" title="Eclogues">Eclogue</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hottle_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hottle-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Sibyl</i> was Vigée Le Brun's favorite work;<sup id="cite_ref-Baillio_26-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baillio-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is mentioned in her <a href="/wiki/Memoir" title="Memoir">memoir</a> more than any other work.<sup id="cite_ref-Sheriff_23-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sheriff-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Baillio_26-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baillio-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She displayed it while in <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a> (1792), <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> (1792), <a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a> (1794) and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> (1795); she also sent it to be shown at the Salon of 1798.<sup id="cite_ref-Memoirs_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Memoirs-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Baillio2_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baillio2-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was perhaps her most successful painting, and had always garnered the most praise and attracted many viewers wherever it was displayed. Like her reception piece, <i>Peace Bringing Back Abundance</i>, Vigée Le Brun regarded her <i>Sibyl</i> as a <a href="/wiki/History_painting" title="History painting">history painting</a>, the most elevated category in the Académie's hierarchy.<sup id="cite_ref-Hottle_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hottle-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Austria">Austria</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Austria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Princess_Maria_Josefa_Hermenegilde_von_Esterhazy_(1793)_Le_Brun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Portrait_of_Princess_Maria_Josefa_Hermenegilde_von_Esterhazy_%281793%29_Le_Brun.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_Princess_Maria_Josefa_Hermenegilde_von_Esterhazy_%281793%29_Le_Brun.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Portrait_of_Princess_Maria_Josefa_Hermenegilde_von_Esterhazy_%281793%29_Le_Brun.jpg/330px-Portrait_of_Princess_Maria_Josefa_Hermenegilde_von_Esterhazy_%281793%29_Le_Brun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Portrait_of_Princess_Maria_Josefa_Hermenegilde_von_Esterhazy_%281793%29_Le_Brun.jpg/440px-Portrait_of_Princess_Maria_Josefa_Hermenegilde_von_Esterhazy_%281793%29_Le_Brun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1540" data-file-height="2160" /></a><figcaption><i>Princess von Esterhazy as Ariadne</i>, 1793. Princely Collections, <a href="/wiki/House_of_Liechtenstein" title="House of Liechtenstein">House of Liechtenstein</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>As well as the Countess Bistri and her husband she travelled to Vienna with two other French refugees of poorer origin whom they had taken on. The artist found their company priceless and lodged herself with them in Vienna, with some difficulty in procuring residence due to the travelling party's composition. This would be the beginning of two and a half years of her residency in Austria. Upon lodging herself there, she finished her painting of the countess Bistri, praising her as a "truly beautiful woman", then she presented herself to the <a href="/wiki/Maria_Wilhelmine_von_Thun_und_Hohenstein" title="Maria Wilhelmine von Thun und Hohenstein">Countess Thoun</a>, armed with letters of introduction given to her by Count Wilsheck. The artist found a large number of elegant ladies in the countess' salon, and while there, met the <a href="/wiki/Theresia_of_Dietrichstein" title="Theresia of Dietrichstein">Countess Kinska</a>, of whom Vigée Le Brun was completely enraptured with her beauty. Vigée Le Brun proceeded to tour the city's galleries as was her custom when visiting new cities. She first paid a visit to the gallery of the famous painter of battles, <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Giuseppe_Casanova" title="Francesco Giuseppe Casanova">Casanova</a>. She found him in the middle of undertaking several paintings, and found him to be quite active despite being about sixty and "having the habit of wearing two or three spectacles, atop one another", and commented on his 'unusual and sharp mind' and his rich imagination when retelling stories or recounting past events during the dinners they had spent with the <a href="/wiki/Wenzel_Anton,_Prince_of_Kaunitz-Rietberg" title="Wenzel Anton, Prince of Kaunitz-Rietberg">Prince Kaunitz</a>. Vigée Le Brun praised his composition, though commented that numerous of his works that she witnessed were still not finished. </p><p>After meeting Casanova, she presented herself to the aging <a href="/wiki/Wenzel_Anton,_Prince_of_Kaunitz-Rietberg" title="Wenzel Anton, Prince of Kaunitz-Rietberg">Prince Kaunitz</a>, at his palace. She found dinners hosted by the prince to be uncomfortable due to the late time in which he dined and the large number of people often present at his table, and subsequently decided to dine at home most days. On days when she would accept his invitations, she would dine at home before leaving, and ate very little at his table. The prince noticed this and was offended by this and her frequent refusal of his invitations, leading to a short quarrel between the two, but they were soon reconciled. The Prince continued to host the artist and exhibited her <i>Sibyl</i> in his gallery, and she praised the kindness and sweetness he had extended her during her stay. When the Prince died shortly after, Vigée Le Brun was upset by the indifference the city's residents and aristocracy showed, and was further shocked when she visited the wax museum and found the Prince lying in state, his hair and clothes dressed exactly as they had always been. This sight had made a sorrowful impression on her. </p><p>While in Vienna, Vigée Le Brun was commissioned to paint Princess <a href="/wiki/Maria_Josepha_Hermengilde_Esterh%C3%A1zy" title="Maria Josepha Hermengilde Esterházy">Maria Josepha Hermengilde Esterházy</a> as <a href="/wiki/Ariadne" title="Ariadne">Ariadne</a> and Princess <a href="/wiki/Karoline_von_Manderscheid-Blankenheim" title="Karoline von Manderscheid-Blankenheim">Karoline von Liechtenstein</a> as <a href="/wiki/Iris_(mythology)" title="Iris (mythology)">Iris</a> among many others, the latter portrait causing a minor scandal among the Princess's relatives.<sup id="cite_ref-Baumstark_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baumstark-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The portraits depict the Liechtenstein sisters-in-law in unornamented Roman-inspired garments that show the influence of <a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">Neoclassicism</a>, and which may have been a reference to the virtuous republican Roman matron <a href="/wiki/Cornelia_Africana" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornelia Africana">Cornelia, mother of the Gracchi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Baumstark_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baumstark-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The artist met for the second time in Vienna one of her greatest friends, the <a href="/wiki/Charles-Joseph,_7th_Prince_of_Ligne" title="Charles-Joseph, 7th Prince of Ligne">Prince de Ligne</a>, whom she had first met in Brussels in 1781. It was at his urging that Vigée Le Brun wished so much to meet the Russian sovereign <a href="/wiki/Catherine_the_Great" title="Catherine the Great">Catherine the Great</a> and to visit Russia. The Prince de Ligne urged her to stay at his former convent atop <a href="/wiki/Kahlenberg" title="Kahlenberg">Kahlenberg</a>, with its commanding view of the countryside, to which she agreed. During Vigée Le Brun's stay in Kahlenberg, de Ligne wrote a passionate poem about her. After two and half years in Vienna, the artist departed for Saint Petersburg on 19 April 1795, via <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>. She also visited Dresden on her way, and the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Königsberg">Königsberg</a> fortress, where she made the acquaintance of <a href="/wiki/Prince_Henry_of_Prussia_(1726%E2%80%931802)" title="Prince Henry of Prussia (1726–1802)">Prince Henry</a>, who was very hospitable to the artist. While visiting Dresden on her way to Russia, Vigée Le Brun visited the famous Dresden gallery, writing that it was without doubt the most extensive one in all of Europe. It was there that she saw Raphael's <i><a href="/wiki/Sistine_Madonna" title="Sistine Madonna">Madonna di San Sisto</a>.</i> She was completely enamored of the painting, and wrote: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Suffice to say I came to the conclusion that Raphael is the greatest master of them all. I had just visited several rooms within the gallery when I found myself standing in front of a painting which aroused in me an admiration far more intense than that normally inspired by the art of painting. It showed the Virgin, sitting among the clouds. holding the infant Jesus in her arms. Her face is so beautiful and so noble that it is worthy of the divine brush that painted it. The face of the child, which is charming, bears an expression both innocent and celestial; the robes are accurately drawn and painted in the most magnificent colours. To the right of the Virgin stands a saint who seems quite real; his hands in particular merit admiration. To the left stands a young saint, her head bowed, watching two angels at the base of the painting. Her figure is full of beauty, candour and modesty. The two small angels lean upon their hands, their eyes lifted to the characters above them, and their heads bear an ingenuity and sensitivity that words alone cannot express. Having stood for some time gazing in awe at this painting, I had to pass it yet again on my way out, returning by the same route. The best paintings by the great masters had lost some of their perfection in my eyes, for I carried the image of that wonderful composition and that divine figure of the Virgin about with me! In Art nothing can compete with noble simplicity, and all the faces I viewed subsequently seemed to wear a sort of grimace.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun, Memoirs</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Russia">Russia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexandra_and_Elena_Pavlovna_of_Russia_by_E.Vigee-Lebrun_(1796,_Hermitage).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Alexandra_and_Elena_Pavlovna_of_Russia_by_E.Vigee-Lebrun_%281796%2C_Hermitage%29.jpg/230px-Alexandra_and_Elena_Pavlovna_of_Russia_by_E.Vigee-Lebrun_%281796%2C_Hermitage%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Alexandra_and_Elena_Pavlovna_of_Russia_by_E.Vigee-Lebrun_%281796%2C_Hermitage%29.jpg/345px-Alexandra_and_Elena_Pavlovna_of_Russia_by_E.Vigee-Lebrun_%281796%2C_Hermitage%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Alexandra_and_Elena_Pavlovna_of_Russia_by_E.Vigee-Lebrun_%281796%2C_Hermitage%29.jpg/460px-Alexandra_and_Elena_Pavlovna_of_Russia_by_E.Vigee-Lebrun_%281796%2C_Hermitage%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1919" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><i>Alexandra and Elena Pavlovna</i>, 1795–1797. <a href="/wiki/Hermitage_Museum" title="Hermitage Museum">Hermitage Museum</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In Russia, where she stayed from 1795 until 1801, she was well-received by the nobility and painted numerous aristocrats, including the former King of Poland, <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski" title="Stanisław August Poniatowski">Stanisław August Poniatowski</a>, whom she became well acquainted with, and other members of the family of <a href="/wiki/Catherine_II_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine II of Russia">Catherine the Great</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nikolenko_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nikolenko-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vigée Le Brun painted Catherine's granddaughters (daughters of <a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Russia" title="Paul I of Russia">Paul I</a>), <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Elena_Pavlovna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna of Russia">Elena</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchess_Alexandra_Pavlovna_of_Russia" title="Grand Duchess Alexandra Pavlovna of Russia">Alexandra Pavlovna</a>, in Grecian tunics with exposed arms. The Empress's favorite, <a href="/wiki/Platon_Zubov" title="Platon Zubov">Platon Zubov</a>, commented to Vigée Le Brun that the painting had scandalized the Empress due to the amount of bare skin the short sleeves revealed. Vigée Le Brun was greatly worried by this and considered it a hurtful remark and replaced the tunics with the muslin dresses the princesses wore, and added long sleeves (called Amadis in Russia). Vigée Le Brun was later reassured in a conversation with Catherine that she made no such remark, but by then the damage had already been done. When Paul later became Emperor, he expressed having been upset with the alterations Vigée Le Brun made to the painting. When Vigée Le Brun told him what Zubov told her, he shrugged and said "They played a joke on you". </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elizaveta_Alexeevna_with_roses_by_Vigee-Le_Brun_(1795,_Hermitage).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Elizaveta_Alexeevna_with_roses_by_Vigee-Le_Brun_%281795%2C_Hermitage%29.jpg/230px-Elizaveta_Alexeevna_with_roses_by_Vigee-Le_Brun_%281795%2C_Hermitage%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Elizaveta_Alexeevna_with_roses_by_Vigee-Le_Brun_%281795%2C_Hermitage%29.jpg/345px-Elizaveta_Alexeevna_with_roses_by_Vigee-Le_Brun_%281795%2C_Hermitage%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Elizaveta_Alexeevna_with_roses_by_Vigee-Le_Brun_%281795%2C_Hermitage%29.jpg/460px-Elizaveta_Alexeevna_with_roses_by_Vigee-Le_Brun_%281795%2C_Hermitage%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1348" data-file-height="1896" /></a><figcaption><i>Grand Duchess <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Alexeievna_(Louise_of_Baden)" title="Elizabeth Alexeievna (Louise of Baden)">Elizabeth Alexeievna</a> with Roses</i>, 1795. <a href="/wiki/Hermitage_Museum" title="Hermitage Museum">Hermitage Museum</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Vigée Le Brun painted many other people during her stay in Russia, including the emperor Paul and his consort. </p><p>Catherine herself also agreed to sit for Vigée Le Brun, but she died the very next day, which was when she had promised to sit for the artist.<sup id="cite_ref-GitaMay_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GitaMay-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While in Russia, Vigée Le Brun was made a member of the Academy of Fine Arts of Saint Petersburg.<sup id="cite_ref-OxfordArt_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OxfordArt-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much to her dismay, her daughter Julie married Gaétan Bernard Nigris, secretary to the Director of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Theaters_of_Saint_Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Theaters of Saint Petersburg">Imperial Theaters of Saint Petersburg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Baillio_26-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baillio-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vigée Le Brun attempted everything in her power to prevent this match, and viewed it as a scheme concocted by her enemies and her governess to separate her from her daughter.However, as Julie's remonstrations and pressure on her mother grew, Vigée Le Brun relented and gave her approval for the wedding, though she was greatly distressed at the prospect, and soon found her stay in Russia, hitherto so enjoyable, had become suffocating and decided to return to Paris. She wrote; </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>As for myself, all the charm of my life seemed to have disappeared forever. I could not find the same pleasure in loving my daughter, and yet God knows how much I still love her, despite her faults. Only mothers will understand me when I say this. Shortly after her marriage she caught smallpox. Although I had never had this dreadful illness, no-one could stop me from running to her bedside. I found her face so swollen that I was seized with fright; but I was only frightened for her sake; as long as the malady lasted, I did not think of myself for one moment. To my joy she recovered without the least disfigurement. I needed to travel. I needed to leave Saint Petersburg, where I had suffered so much that my health had deteriorated. However those cruel remarks that had arisen as a result of this affair were soon retracted after the marriage. The men who had offended me the most were sorry indeed at the injustice.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Souvenirs De Madame Vigée Le Brun, Page 213</cite></div></blockquote> <p>Before departing for France, Vigée Le Brun decided to visit Moscow. Halfway through her journey to the city, news of the assassination of Paul I reached her. The journey was extremely difficult due to the melting snow, and the carriage often got stuck in the infamous <a href="/wiki/Rasputitsa" title="Rasputitsa">Russian mud</a>, and her journey was further delayed when most horses were taken by couriers spreading the news of the death of Paul and the coronation of Alexander. Vigée Le Brun enjoyed her stay in Moscow, and painted many portraits during her stay. Upon her return to Saint Petersburg she met the newly crowned <a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Russia" title="Alexander I of Russia">Emperor Alexander I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Alexeievna_(Louise_of_Baden)" title="Elizabeth Alexeievna (Louise of Baden)">Empress Louise</a>, who urged her to stay in Saint Petersburg. Upon telling the Emperor of her poor health and prescription by a physician to take the waters near Karlsbad to cure her internal obstruction, the Emperor replied "Do not go there, there is no need to go so far to find a remedy; I shall give you the Empress's horse, a few rides will have you cured". Vigée Le Brun was touched by this, but replied to the Emperor that she did not know how to ride, to which the Emperor said "Well, I will give you a riding instructor, he will teach you". The artist was still adamant about leaving Russia, despite her closest friends, the <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Alexandrovich_Stroganov" title="Pavel Alexandrovich Stroganov">Count Stroganoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Riffardeau,_marquis_de_Rivi%C3%A8re" title="Charles François de Riffardeau, marquis de Rivière">M. de Rivière</a> and the princesses <a href="/wiki/Dolgoruky" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolgoruky">Dolgoruky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Princess_Natalia_Ivanovna_Kurakina" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Natalia Ivanovna Kurakina">Kourakin</a> and others attempting all they could to make her stay in Saint Petersburg, she left after residing there for six years. Julie predeceased her mother in 1819, by which time they had reconciled.<sup id="cite_ref-Memoirs_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Memoirs-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was in Russia that Vigée Le Brun formed several of her longest lasting and most intimate friendships, with the Princesses Dolgoruky and Kourakin, and the Count Stroganoff. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Prussia">Prussia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Prussia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After her departure from Saint Petersburg, Vigée Le Brun travelled – with some difficulty – through <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a>, visiting <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> after an exhausting journey. The <a href="/wiki/Louise_of_Mecklenburg-Strelitz" title="Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz">Queen of Prussia</a> invited Vigée Le Brun to Potsdam to meet her; the Queen then commissioned a portrait of herself. The Queen invited the artist to reside in the Potsdam palace until she finished her portrait, but Vigée Le Brun, not wishing to intrude on the Queen's ladies-in-waiting, chose to reside in a nearby hotel, where her stay was uncomfortable. </p><p>The pair soon became friends. During a conversation, Vigée Le Brun complemented the Queen on her bracelets with an antique design, which the Queen then took off and put around Vigée Le Brun's arms. Vigée Le Brun considered this gift one of her most valued possessions for the rest of her life, and wore it almost everywhere. At the Queen's urging, Vigée Le Brun visited the Queen's <a href="/wiki/Pfaueninsel" title="Pfaueninsel">Peacock Island</a>, where the artist enjoyed the countryside. </p><p>Aside from two pastel portraits commissioned by the Queen, Vigée Le Brun also painted other pastel portraits of <a href="/wiki/Prince_Louis_Ferdinand_of_Prussia_(1772%E2%80%931806)" title="Prince Louis Ferdinand of Prussia (1772–1806)">Prince Ferdinand's</a> family. </p><p>During her stay in Berlin, she met with the <a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Ruel,_marquis_de_Beurnonville" title="Pierre de Ruel, marquis de Beurnonville">General Plenipotentiary Bournonville</a>, hoping to procure a passport to return to France. The general encouraged Vigée Le Brun to return and assured her that order and safety had been restored. Her brother and husband had already struck her name from the list of émigrés with ease, and had her French status restored. Shortly before her departure from Berlin, the General Director of <a href="/wiki/Prussian_Academy_of_Arts" title="Prussian Academy of Arts">the Academy of Painting</a> visited her, bringing her the diploma for her admission to that academy.<sup id="cite_ref-Memoirs_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Memoirs-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After her departure from Berlin, she visited Dresden and painted several copies of Emperor Alexander, which she had promised earlier, and also visited Brunswick where she resided for six days with the Rivière family, and was sought out by the <a href="/wiki/Charles_William_Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Brunswick" title="Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick">Duke of Brunswick</a> who wished to make her acquaintance. She also passed through Weimar and Frankfurt on her way. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Danae.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Danae.jpg/220px-Danae.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Danae.jpg/330px-Danae.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Danae.jpg/440px-Danae.jpg 2x" data-file-width="888" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Dana%C3%AB" title="Danaë">Danaë</a></i>, after <a href="/wiki/Dana%C3%AB_(Titian_paintings)" title="Danaë (Titian paintings)">Titian</a> </figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marie_Louise_Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Marie_Louise_Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_001.jpg/170px-Marie_Louise_Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Marie_Louise_Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_001.jpg/255px-Marie_Louise_Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Marie_Louise_Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_001.jpg/340px-Marie_Louise_Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="2320" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Germaine de Staël">Madame de Staël</a> as Corinne at Cape Miseno</i>, 1807–1809. <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Art_et_d%27Histoire_(Geneva)" title="Musée d'Art et d'Histoire (Geneva)">Musée d'Art et d'Histoire (Geneva)</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Return_to_France_and_stay_at_Paris">Return to France and stay at Paris</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Return to France and stay at Paris"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After a sustained campaign by her ex-husband and other family members to have her name removed from the list of counter-revolutionary émigrés, Vigée Le Brun was finally able to return to France in January 1802.<sup id="cite_ref-ExhCat_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ExhCat-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The artist received a rapturous welcome in her home at Rue de-Gros-Chenet and was greatly hailed by the press. Three days after her arrival, a letter arrived for her from the <a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9die-Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Comédie-Française">Comédie-Française</a>, containing a decree reinstating her as a member of the theater. The leading members of the theater also wished to enact a comedy at her house to celebrate her return, which she politely refused. Soon afterwards, the artist was taken to witness the first consul's routine military ceremony at the <a href="/wiki/Tuileries_Palace" title="Tuileries Palace">Tuileries</a> where she saw <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon Bonaparte</a> for the first time, from a window inside the <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>. The artist found it difficult to recognize the short figure as the man she had heard so much about; as with Catherine the Great, she had imagined a tall figure. A few days later, Bonaparte's brothers visited her gallery to view her works, with <a href="/wiki/Lucien_Bonaparte" title="Lucien Bonaparte">Lucien Bonaparte</a> greatly complimenting her famous <i>Sibyl</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Memoirs_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Memoirs-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During her stay, Vigée Le Brun was surprised and dismayed by the greatly changed social customs of Parisian society upon her return there. She soon visited the famous painter <a href="/wiki/Joseph-Marie_Vien" title="Joseph-Marie Vien">M. Vien</a>, who was the former <i><a href="/wiki/Premier_peintre_du_Roi" title="Premier peintre du Roi">Premier peintre du Roi</a></i>; then 82 years old and a <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9nat_conservateur" title="Sénat conservateur">senator</a>, he gave Vigée Le Brun an enthusiastic welcome and showed her some of his newest sketches. She met her friend from Saint Petersburg, Princess Dolgorouky, and saw her almost daily. In 1802, she demanded the refund of her dowry from her husband, whose gambling habits had dissipated a significant portion of the wealth she had accumulated in her early career as a portraitist. The artist soon felt mentally tormented in Paris, mainly due to memories of the early days of the revolution, and decided to move to a secluded house in Meudon forest. She was visited there by her neighbors, the famous dissident pair and <a href="/wiki/French_Directory" title="French Directory">Directory period</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Incroyables_and_merveilleuses" title="Incroyables and merveilleuses">Merveilleuses</a></i> the <a href="/wiki/Aim%C3%A9e_de_Coigny" title="Aimée de Coigny">Duchesse de Fleury</a>, whom she met there for the first time since their friendship in Rome, and <a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A8le_de_Bellegarde" title="Adèle de Bellegarde">Adèle de Bellegarde</a>; time spent with the pair restored her spirits. Shortly thereafter, Vigée Le Brun decided to travel to England, and departed from Paris on 15 April 1802. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="England">England</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vigée Le Brun arrived at Dover, where she took the stagecoach to London, accompanied by the woman who would become her lifetime friend and chambermaid, Mme. Adélaïde, who later married M. Contat, Vigée Le Brun's accountant. Vigée Le Brun was confused by the large crowd at the quays, but was reassured that it was common for crowds of curious people to observe disembarking travelers in England. She had been told that highwaymen were common in England, and so hid her diamonds in her stocking. During her ride to London she was greatly frightened by two riders who approached the stagecoach whom she thought were bandits, but nothing came of it. </p><p>Upon her arrival at London she lodged at the Brunet hotel in <a href="/wiki/Leicester_Square" title="Leicester Square">Leicester Square</a>. She could not sleep during her first night due to noise from her upstairs neighbor, who she found next morning was none other than the poet <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Auguste_Parseval-Grandmaison" title="François-Auguste Parseval-Grandmaison">M. François-Auguste Parseval-Grandmaison</a>, whom she had known from Paris. He always paced while reading or reciting his poetry. He promised her to take care not to interrupt her sleep, and she was able to rest well for the next night. </p><p>Wishing to find a more permanent lodging, a compatriot named Charmilly directed her to a house in Beck street, which overlooked the Royal Guards barracks. Vigée Le Brun terminated her residence there because of the noise from the barracks; in her words, "...every morning between three and four o'clock there was a trumpet blast so loud that it could have served for the day of judgement. The noise of the trumpet, together with that of the horses whose stables lay directly beneath my window, prevented me from catching any sleep at all. In the daytime there was a constant din made by the neighbor's children...". Vigée Le Brun then moved to a beautiful house in <a href="/wiki/Portman_Square" title="Portman Square">Portman Square</a>. Upon closely scrutinizing the house's surroundings for any acoustic nuisance, she took up lodging there, only to be awakened at daybreak by a great screeching from a large bird owned by her neighbor. Later on, she also discovered that the former residents had buried two of their slaves in the cellar, where their bodies remained, and once again she decided to move, this time to a very damp building in <a href="/wiki/Maddox_Street" title="Maddox Street">Maddox Street</a>. Although this was far from perfect, the artist was exhausted from constant moving, and decided to remain there, though the dampness of the house, combined with London's humid weather – greatly disliked by the artist – hindered her painting process. Vigée Le Brun found London lacking in inspiration for an artist due to its lack of public galleries at that time. She visited monuments, including <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>, where she was greatly affected by the tomb of <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Mary, Queen of Scots">Mary, Queen of Scots</a>, and visited the sarcophagi of the poets <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespeare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chatterton" title="Thomas Chatterton">Chatterton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope">Pope</a>. She also visited St. Paul's Cathedral, the Tower of London and the London Museum. She greatly disliked the austere social customs of the English, particularly how quiet and empty the city was on <a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Day" title="Lord's Day">Sundays</a>, when all shops were closed and no social gatherings took place; the only pastime was the city's long walks. The artist also did not enjoy the local soiree equivalent – known as <a href="/wiki/Rout#Other_uses_of_the_term" title="Rout">Routs</a> (or rout-parties), describing them as stuffy and dour. The artist sought out the tree under which the famous poet <a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">Milton</a> was said to have composed <i><a href="/wiki/Paradise_Lost" title="Paradise Lost">Paradise Lost</a></i>, but was surprised to find that it had been cut down. </p><p>The artist visited the galleries of several prominent artists while in London, starting with the studio of artist <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_West" title="Benjamin West">Benjamin West</a>. She also viewed some works by Joshua Reynolds. Vigée Le Brun was surprised to find that it was customary in England for visitors to the studios of artists to pay a small fee to the artist. Vigée Le Brun did not adhere to this local custom, and allowed her servant to pocket this toll. She was greatly pleased to meet one of the most famous actress and tragediennes of her era, <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Siddons" title="Sarah Siddons">Sarah Siddons</a>, who visited Vigée Le Brun's studio in Maddox Street. During her stay in London, the English portraitist <a href="/wiki/John_Hoppner" title="John Hoppner">John Hoppner</a> published a speech that viciously criticized her, her art and French artists in general, to which she made a scathing reply by letter which she published later in her life as part of her memoirs. </p><p>Vigée Le Brun continued to hold soirées and receptions in her house, which although damp, was beautiful. She received many people, including the <a href="/wiki/George_IV" title="George IV">Prince of Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isabella_Ingram-Seymour-Conway,_Marchioness_of_Hertford" title="Isabella Ingram-Seymour-Conway, Marchioness of Hertford">Lady Hertford</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Parker,_1st_Earl_of_Morley" title="John Parker, 1st Earl of Morley">Lord Borington</a> and the famous actress <a href="/wiki/Giuseppina_Grassini" title="Giuseppina Grassini">Mme. Grassini</a> among others. Vigée Le Brun sought out other compatriots during her stay in England, and cultivated a social circle of émigrés that included the <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Comte d'Artois</a> (future King Charles X) and his son the <a href="/wiki/Charles_Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Berry" title="Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry">Duc de Berri</a>, the Duc de Serant and the Duc de Rivière. </p><p>Shortly after her arrival in London, the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Amiens" title="Treaty of Amiens">Treaty of Amiens</a> was abrogated, and hostilities between France and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a> resumed. The British Government ordered all French people who had not resided more than a year in the UK to depart immediately. The Prince of Wales reassured Vigée Le Brun that this would not affect her, and she might reside in England however long she pleased. This permit from the King was difficult to procure, but the Prince of Wales personally delivered the permit to Vigée Le Brun. </p><p>Vigée Le Brun toured the countryside during her stay in England. She started with a visit to Margaret Chinnery at <a href="/wiki/Gilwell_Park" title="Gilwell Park">Gilwell Hall</a>, where she received a "charming welcome" and met the famous musician <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Viotti" title="Giovanni Battista Viotti">Viotti</a>, who composed a song for her which was sung by Mrs. Chinnery's daughter. She painted Mrs. Chinnery and her children whilst there, departing for Windsor after staying at Gilwell for a fortnight. She also visited <a href="/wiki/Windsor_Great_Park" title="Windsor Great Park">Windsor Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hampton_Court_Palace" title="Hampton Court Palace">Hampton Court</a> on the outskirts of London before leaving to visit <a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath</a>, where she greatly enjoyed the picturesque architecture of the city, its rolling hills and the countryside; but much like London, she found its society and weather dreary. She found some of her Russian friends from Saint Petersburg there, and went to visit the astronomer siblings <a href="/wiki/William_Herschel" title="William Herschel">William Herschel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Herschel" title="Caroline Herschel">Caroline Herschel</a>. William Herschel showed Vigée Le Brun detailed maps of the moon, among other things. </p><p>The artist greatly enjoyed the English countryside, describing <a href="/wiki/Matlock_Bath" title="Matlock Bath">Matlock</a> as being as picturesque as the Swiss countryside. Vigée Le Brun also visited the Duchess of Dorset at <a href="/wiki/Knole" title="Knole">Knole House</a> in Kent, which had once been owned by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I" title="Elizabeth I">Elizabeth I</a>. She returned to London, where she found the <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hyacinthe_Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Paule_de_Rigaud,_Comte_de_Vaudreuil" title="Joseph Hyacinthe François de Paule de Rigaud, Comte de Vaudreuil">Comte de Vaudreuil</a>, and then went to Twickenham where she visited Mme. la Comtesse de Vaudreuil and the <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Philippe,_Duke_of_Montpensier" title="Antoine Philippe, Duke of Montpensier">Duc de Montpensier</a>, with whom Vigée Le Brun became well acquainted; they enjoyed painting the countryside together. She was subsequently received by the <a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I" title="Louis Philippe I">Duc d'Orléans</a> (the future King Louis Philippe). She then visited the <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth,_Princess_Berkeley" title="Elizabeth, Princess Berkeley">Margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach, the Baroness Craven</a>, whom she painted and came to greatly enjoy her company, spending three weeks at her estate. Together, they visited the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Wight" title="Isle of Wight">Isle of Wight</a>, where Vigée Le Brun was mesmerized by the beauty of the countryside and the amiability of its inhabitants, writing later that along with the <a href="/wiki/Ischia" title="Ischia">Isle of Ischia</a> (near Naples), these were the only two places where she would happily spend her entire life.<sup id="cite_ref-Memoirs_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Memoirs-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She visited Mary Elizabeth Grenville, Marchioness of Buckingham, at <a href="/wiki/Stowe_House" title="Stowe House">Stowe</a>. She also went to the home of <a href="/wiki/Francis_Rawdon-Hastings,_1st_Marquess_of_Hastings" title="Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st Marquess of Hastings">Lord Moira</a> and his sister Charlotte Adelaide Constantia Rawdon, where Vigée Le Brun further experienced the stern social milieu of English aristocracy; she spent some of the winter there. She then departed for <a href="/wiki/Warwick_Castle" title="Warwick Castle">Warwick Castle</a>, eager to see this after hearing it praised so much. Vigée Le Brun attempted to visit the area incognito to avoid any awkwardness with <a href="/wiki/George_Greville,_2nd_Earl_of_Warwick" title="George Greville, 2nd Earl of Warwick">Lord Warwick</a>, as he would receive foreigners only if he knew their name. When he became aware that Vigée Le Brun was visiting, he went to her in person and gave her a decorous reception. After introducing the artist to his wife, he took her on a tour around the castle, looking over the lavish art collection there. He presented her with two drawings which she had sketched in <a href="/wiki/William_Hamilton_(diplomat)" title="William Hamilton (diplomat)">Sir William Hamilton's</a> summerhouse during her stay in Italy, telling her that he had paid a high price to buy them from his nephew. Vigée Le Brun later wrote that she had never sold them to Sir William to begin with. He also presented to her the famous <a href="/wiki/Warwick_Vase" title="Warwick Vase">Warwick vase</a>, which he had purchased from Sir William as well. Vigée Le Brun then ended her tour by visiting <a href="/wiki/Blenheim_Palace" title="Blenheim Palace">Blenheim Palace</a> before returning to London, and preparing to depart for France after staying in England for nearly three years. Upon her imminent departure becoming known, many of her acquaintances attempted to extend her residence with them, but to no avail as Vigée Le Brun wanted to see her daughter, who was in Paris at the time. As she prepared to leave London, Mme. Grassini arrived and then accompanied her, staying with her until her ship departed for Rotterdam, ending a trip that was originally intended to last only five months. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Return_to_France_from_England">Return to France from England</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Return to France from England"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Her ship arrived in <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a>, where she first visited <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_VI_de_Beauharnais" title="François VI de Beauharnais">François de Beauharnais</a>, the prefect of Rotterdam and brother in law to the Empress <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9phine_de_Beauharnais" title="Joséphine de Beauharnais">Joséphine de Beauharnais</a> (brother to the late <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_de_Beauharnais" title="Alexandre de Beauharnais">Alexandre de Beauharnais</a>, who had been executed during <a href="/wiki/Reign_of_Terror" title="Reign of Terror">The Terror</a>). The artist was ordered to reside for eight to ten days in Rotterdam, as she has arrived from hostile soil, and was ordered to appear before <a href="/wiki/Charles_Oudinot" title="Charles Oudinot">General Oudinot</a>, who was hospitable to her. After residing in Rotterdam for ten days, she received her passport and started for Paris. She visited Antwerp on her way to Paris and was received by its prefect, the Comte d'Hédouville<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Th%C3%A9odore_Ernest_de_H%C3%A9douville" class="extiw" title="fr:Charles Théodore Ernest de Hédouville">[fr]</a>, and toured the city with him and his wife, and visited a sick young painter who wished to make her acquaintance. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elisabeth_Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Le_Brun_-_Juno_Borrowing_the_Belt_of_Venus,_1781.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Elisabeth_Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Le_Brun_-_Juno_Borrowing_the_Belt_of_Venus%2C_1781.jpg/242px-Elisabeth_Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Le_Brun_-_Juno_Borrowing_the_Belt_of_Venus%2C_1781.jpg" decoding="async" width="242" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Elisabeth_Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Le_Brun_-_Juno_Borrowing_the_Belt_of_Venus%2C_1781.jpg/363px-Elisabeth_Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Le_Brun_-_Juno_Borrowing_the_Belt_of_Venus%2C_1781.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Elisabeth_Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Le_Brun_-_Juno_Borrowing_the_Belt_of_Venus%2C_1781.jpg/485px-Elisabeth_Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Le_Brun_-_Juno_Borrowing_the_Belt_of_Venus%2C_1781.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1496" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><i>Juno Borrowing the Belt of Venus</i>, 1781. Private Collection.</figcaption></figure> <p>She arrived in Paris and rejoiced to find her brother and her husband there, who was charged with recruiting artists for Saint Petersburg. He departed a few months later for Saint Petersburg, but Julie remained due to their failing union,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (October 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> though her relationship with her daughter continued to be a torment to her. She made the acquaintance of one of the most famous singers of her time, <a href="/wiki/Angelica_Catalani" title="Angelica Catalani">Angelica Catalani</a>. She painted her and kept her portrait along with that of Mme. Grassini for the rest of her life, and continued to host soirées in her home as she had always had, to which Mme. Catalani was a regular. </p><p> Shortly after her arrival in Paris, Vigée Le Brun was commissioned by the court painter, <a href="/wiki/Vivant_Denon" title="Vivant Denon">Denon</a>, to paint a portrait of the Emperor's sister <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Bonaparte" title="Caroline Bonaparte">Caroline Bonaparte</a>, though she had heard that her journey to England had displeased Napoleon, who had allegedly said "Madame Le Brun has gone to England to see her <i>friends</i>." Vigée Le Brun accepted the commission despite the fact that she was paid 1800 Francs, less than half the customary asking price, and later also included Mme. Murat's daughter in the portrait without raising the fee. She later described this commission as "torture", and wrote in her memoirs:</p><blockquote><p>It would be impossible to describe all the vexations and torment I had to suffer while painting this portrait. First of all Mme Murat arrived with two ladies in waiting who proceeded to dress her hair as I tried to paint her. When I observed that it would be impossible to capture a likeness if I allowed them to continue, she eventually agreed to send the two women away. Added to this inconvenience, she almost always broke our appointments, which meant my staying in Paris for the whole summer waiting, usually in vain, for her to appear, for I was eager to finish the painting; I cannot tell you how this woman tried my patience. Moreover the gap between sittings was so long, that each time she did appear, her hair was dressed differently. At the beginning, for example, she had curls falling onto her cheek and I painted them accordingly; but a little later this style had gone out of fashion and she returned with a completely different one; I then had to rub out the curls as well as the pearls on her bandeau and replace them with cameos. The same thing happened with the dresses. The first dress I painted was rather open, as was the fashion then, and had a great deal of bold embroidery; when the fashion changed and the embroidery became more delicate, I had to enlarge the dress in order not to lose the detail. Eventually all these irritations reached a pitch, and I became very bad tempered as a result; one day she happened to be in my studio and I said to M. Denon, in a voice loud enough for her to overhear: 'When I painted real princesses they never gave me any trouble and never kept me waiting.' Of course Mme Murat did not know that punctuality is the politeness of kings, as Louis XIV quite rightly remarked and he, at least, was no upstart.</p></blockquote><p>The portrait was exhibited in the Salon of 1807, and was the only portrait the imperial government commissioned from her. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Switzerland_in_1807">Switzerland in 1807</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Switzerland in 1807"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 1807, the artist crossed to Switzerland, arriving first at the town of <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>, where she was received by <a href="/wiki/Christoph_Ehinger" title="Christoph Ehinger">M. Ethinger</a>, a local banker, who threw a banquet to welcome the artist. She proceeded to <a href="/wiki/Biel/Bienne" title="Biel/Bienne">Biel</a> on the advice of Ethinger, but the roads there were so hazardous that part of the journey had to be made on foot. After recuperating in Biel for a single day, she proceeded to the tiny <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Island" title="St. Peter's Island">Île Saint-Pierre</a> to visit the home of <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Rousseau</a>, which she found, to her great surprise and dismay, had become a tavern. Vigée Le Brun praised the picturesque countryside repeatedly in her letters to Countess Vincent Potocka. After departing the island to return to Biel, she went on to <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Berne</a>, where she was received by the wife of the <i>Landamann</i> (magistrate), Mme. de Watteville, and the General Ambassador <a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_Vial" title="Honoré Vial">Honoré Vial</a>. She also met the seven-months pregnant Mme. de Brac, who accompanied her to <a href="/wiki/Thun" title="Thun">Thun</a>, and then to the <a href="/wiki/Lauterbrunnen" title="Lauterbrunnen">Lauterbrunnen Valley</a>, which she found dark and grim due to its being hidden from sunlight on both sides by steep mountains. On her descent, she and her company encountered a group of local shepherdesses; the beauty and naivete of the local people and the wilderness where the encounter took place made her liken the experience to something out of <i><a href="/wiki/One_Thousand_and_One_Nights" title="One Thousand and One Nights">Arabian Nights</a></i>. She went on to visit the <a href="/wiki/Staubbach_Falls" title="Staubbach Falls">Staubbach Falls</a> in the valley. </p><p>After traversing the rugged trails of the valley, she returned to Berne via Brientz, and then arrived at <a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a> where she was received by the local <a href="/wiki/Burgomaster" title="Burgomaster">Burgomeister</a>, who took her to see the <a href="/wiki/Rhine_Falls" title="Rhine Falls">Rhine Falls</a>. After departing from Schaffhausen, she visited the city of <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a>, where she enjoyed the hospitality of General Baron de Salis. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elisabeth_Louise_Vigee_Lebrun_-_Innocence_takes_refuge_in_the_arms_of_Justice_-_(MeisterDrucke-136933).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Elisabeth_Louise_Vigee_Lebrun_-_Innocence_takes_refuge_in_the_arms_of_Justice_-_%28MeisterDrucke-136933%29.jpg/250px-Elisabeth_Louise_Vigee_Lebrun_-_Innocence_takes_refuge_in_the_arms_of_Justice_-_%28MeisterDrucke-136933%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Elisabeth_Louise_Vigee_Lebrun_-_Innocence_takes_refuge_in_the_arms_of_Justice_-_%28MeisterDrucke-136933%29.jpg/375px-Elisabeth_Louise_Vigee_Lebrun_-_Innocence_takes_refuge_in_the_arms_of_Justice_-_%28MeisterDrucke-136933%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Elisabeth_Louise_Vigee_Lebrun_-_Innocence_takes_refuge_in_the_arms_of_Justice_-_%28MeisterDrucke-136933%29.jpg/500px-Elisabeth_Louise_Vigee_Lebrun_-_Innocence_takes_refuge_in_the_arms_of_Justice_-_%28MeisterDrucke-136933%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="826" /></a><figcaption><i>Innocence takes refuge in the arms of Justice</i>, 1779, <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_d%27Angers" title="Musée des Beaux-Arts d'Angers">Musée des Beaux-Arts d'Angers</a>. exhibited in 1783 at the Salon de la Correspondance</figcaption></figure><p> After taking the young daughter-in-law of de Salis with her, she departed for the small <a href="/wiki/Ufenau" title="Ufenau">island of Ufenau</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lake_Zurich" title="Lake Zurich">Lake Zurich</a>, then visited Rappercheld  [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>] where she continued to be mesmerized by the beauty of the countryside and the "native innocence" of the locals. After a hazardous boat ride destined for Walenstadt, the entourage turned back to Rappercheld and then visited the valley of <a href="/wiki/Glarus" title="Glarus">Glarus</a>. The artist then continued to the village of <a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Soleure</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Jura_Mountains" title="Jura Mountains">Jura mountains</a>. Seeing a solitary chalet perched atop Mount Wunchenstein  [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>], her curiosity was excited by who would live so far and high, and she made a trek up the mountain after being assured that the conditions of the road would support her carriage. After slightly less than an hour, the road became very rugged and far too steep, prompting her to dismount and continue the journey on foot. The trek lasted about five and a half hours, though she wrote in a letter to Countess Potocka that the view made it completely worth it:</p><blockquote><p>to tell the truth, the view completely eliminated my fatigue. Five or six vast forests, piled one upon the other, fell away beneath my eyes; the canton of Soleure seemed no more than a plain, the town and the villages, tiny specks; the fine line of glaciers which fringed the horizon became redder and redder as the sun sank: the other mountains between them formed a complete color spectrum; gold rays stretched across the mountain to my left, each carrying a rainbow in its arc; the sun set behind the peak; red-violet mountains grew imperceptibly fainter and fainter in the distance, stretching away to the lake of Biel and the far edge of Lake Neuchatel., they stood so far apart that you could only distinguish them by two gold lines. heavy with translucent mist; I was still overlooking the deep ravines and mountains covered with thick foliage; at my feet lay wild valleys surrounded by black pine forests. As the sun set, I watched the shadows change; different points took on a more sinister character, partly because of their shape and partly because of that long silence which slips harmoniously into the day's demise. All I can tell you is that my soul gloried in such a solemn and melancholy vision.</p></blockquote><p>She returned to Soleure the next day, and then departed for <a href="/wiki/Vevey" title="Vevey">Vevey</a>, which she described as "the land of my dreams". She rented a house on the banks of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Geneva" title="Lake Geneva">Lake Geneva</a> and toured the countryside and mountains around Vevey. She walked up Mount Blonay where the Messieurs de Blonay hosted her at <a href="/wiki/Blonay_Castle" title="Blonay Castle">Blonay castle</a>. After descending the mountain, the artist hired the innkeeper where she was lodged to row her out on the lake at night. She was enthralled by the charming beauty and silence of the lake, and wrote of the journey later "He was not Saint Preux and I was not Julie, but I was no less happy". Vigée Le Brun then departed for <a href="/wiki/Coppet" title="Coppet">Coppet</a>, where she met the famous dissident socialite and woman of letters <a href="/wiki/Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Germaine de Staël">Madame de Staël</a>, who was exiled by the Napoleonic regime. She stayed at <a href="/wiki/Coppet" title="Coppet">Coppet</a> with Madame de Staël, whom she painted as <a href="/wiki/Corinna" title="Corinna">Corinne</a>, a character from Mme. de Staël's most recent novel, <i><a href="/wiki/Corinne_ou_l%27Italie" class="mw-redirect" title="Corinne ou l'Italie">Corinne ou l'Italie</a></i> (1807). </p><p>After returning from Coppet to Geneva, where she was made an honorary member of the Société pour l'Avancement des Beaux-Arts,<sup id="cite_ref-Goodden_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goodden-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> she departed in a group with the de Brac family for <a href="/wiki/Chamonix" title="Chamonix">Chamonix</a>, intending to visit the <a href="/wiki/Sallanches" title="Sallanches">Sallanches mountains</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Aiguille_du_Go%C3%BBter" title="Aiguille du Goûter">Aiguille du Goûter</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mont_Blanc" title="Mont Blanc">Mont Blanc</a>. The journey was perilous. The entourage visited the <a href="/wiki/Bossons_Glacier" title="Bossons Glacier">Bossons Glacier</a>. On the way upwards, M. de Brac fell ill with catalepsy, and was slowly nursed back to health in a nearby inn, where Vigée Le Brun, the pregnant Mme. de Brac and her son were distraught and worried about his condition, but he recuperated slowly over the course of a week. After eleven days in Chamonix, the artist departed alone without the de Brac family, writing that nothing would bring her to visit the "melancholic"' Chamonix again. She then left Switzerland and returned to Paris. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Switzerland_in_1808">Switzerland in 1808</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Switzerland in 1808"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VigeeLeBrun_ViewOfTheLakeOfChallesAndMontBlanc_MIA_200751.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/VigeeLeBrun_ViewOfTheLakeOfChallesAndMontBlanc_MIA_200751.jpg/250px-VigeeLeBrun_ViewOfTheLakeOfChallesAndMontBlanc_MIA_200751.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/VigeeLeBrun_ViewOfTheLakeOfChallesAndMontBlanc_MIA_200751.jpg/375px-VigeeLeBrun_ViewOfTheLakeOfChallesAndMontBlanc_MIA_200751.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/VigeeLeBrun_ViewOfTheLakeOfChallesAndMontBlanc_MIA_200751.jpg/500px-VigeeLeBrun_ViewOfTheLakeOfChallesAndMontBlanc_MIA_200751.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2177" /></a><figcaption><i>Lake of Challes and <a href="/wiki/Mont_Blanc" title="Mont Blanc">Mont Blanc</a></i>, painted during her travels to Switzerland. <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis_Institute_of_Art" title="Minneapolis Institute of Art">Minneapolis institute of Art</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>With her desire for travel still not sated, Vigée Le Brun re-entered Switzerland in 1808 via <a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a>, and then visited <a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a>, where she was enchanted by the picturesque and wild town. The artist also visited Brown  [<i><a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a></i>] and the market town of <a href="/wiki/Schwyz" title="Schwyz">Schwyz</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug</a>, where she crossed <a href="/wiki/Lake_Zug" title="Lake Zug">Lake Zug</a>. She visited an inn where she wanted to visit the infamous landslide of <a href="/wiki/Goldau" title="Goldau">Goldau</a>. The artist visited the valley, once populated with several villages, now buried under rocks. Heavy with sorrow, she contemplated the remains of the villages for a long time before departing for <a href="/wiki/Arth" title="Arth">Arth</a>. Vigée Le Brun then climbed <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCssnacht" title="Küssnacht">Kussnacht</a>, intending to visit the spot where the legendary <a href="/wiki/William_Tell" title="William Tell">William Tell</a> was said to have killed <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Gessler" title="Albrecht Gessler">Gessler</a>; at the time a chapel had been constructed on the location. There, the artist observed a shepherd and shepherdess singing to each other across the valley, a local courting custom, although the two stopped singing when they noticed her. The "communication of love through melody" presented her with a delightful scene, which she would describe as an <a href="/wiki/Eclogue" title="Eclogue">eclogue</a> in action. </p><p>The artist then visited <a href="/wiki/Unterseen" title="Unterseen">Untersee</a>, where she was fortunate to arrive in time to witness the <a href="/wiki/Unspunnenfest" title="Unspunnenfest">Shepherd's festival</a> at <a href="/wiki/Unspunnen_Castle" title="Unspunnen Castle">Unspunnen castle</a>, which took place once every century. She was hosted by M. and Mme. Konig, who hosted all notable people who came to visit the festivals. Vigée Le Brun went to the château du Bailli to witness the start of the festival, which had been postponed a few days due to incessant rain, and was captivated by the festival's solemn pastoral chants and fireworks at night. The next day, she returned to see the festival taking place at half past ten in the morning; she joined the celebrations and dancing, before sitting back and watching the contests between the shepherds and shepherdesses. Vigée Le Brun recorded that she was frequently moved to tears by the enchanting atmosphere of the festival. </p><p>Coincidentally, she found Madame de Staël at the festival, and joined her in the procession that followed the Bailli and his magistrates, which was joined by people from the neighboring valleys, dressed in their local costume and carrying flags representing each canton or valley. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Return_to_Paris_and_later_life">Return to Paris and later life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Return to Paris and later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="New_home_at_Louveciennes,_the_abdications_of_Napoleon_and_Bourbon_restorations"><span id="New_home_at_Louveciennes.2C_the_abdications_of_Napoleon_and_Bourbon_restorations"></span>New home at Louveciennes, the abdications of Napoleon and Bourbon restorations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: New home at Louveciennes, the abdications of Napoleon and Bourbon restorations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After returning to Paris from her second visit to Switzerland, Vigée Le Brun purchased a house in <a href="/wiki/Louveciennes" title="Louveciennes">Louveciennes</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Île-de-France (region)">Île-de-France</a> near the <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a>, and invited her niece (daughter of her brother Etienne) Caroline Rivière and her husband to live with her. She doted on the newlywed couple and formed a close bond with them, and occasionally visited Paris. She had Mme. Pourat and the talented actress Comtesse de Hocquart as neighbors. She visited Madame du Barry's home, the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Louveciennes#The_Pavilion" class="mw-redirect" title="Château de Louveciennes">Pavillon de Louveciennes</a>, which she found had been looted and stripped clean of its furniture and contents. On 31 March 1814, her house was raided by <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussian</a> troops who were <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Paris_(1814)" title="Battle of Paris (1814)">advancing towards Paris</a> in the final stages of the war of the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sixth_Coalition" title="War of the Sixth Coalition">Sixth Coalition</a>. As she prepared to go to bed after eleven o'clock, with no knowledge of the proximity of the allied troops, they entered her home, while she lay in her bed. They entered her bedchamber and proceeded to loot her home. Her German-speaking Swiss servant Joseph screamed at the soldiers to spare her person until his voice was hoarse. After the looting, the soldiers left her home. She left as well, initially intending to head to <a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain-des-Pr%C3%A9s" title="Saint-Germain-des-Prés">St. Germain</a> before learning that the road there was unsafe. Instead she decided to take refuge in a room above <a href="/wiki/Machine_de_Marly" title="Machine de Marly">the pumping machine at Marly aqueduct</a>, near Du Barry's pavilion, with many other people, having entrusted her house to Joseph. As fighting nearby intensified, Vigée Le Brun attempted to take refuge in cave, but gave up after injuring her leg. There, she observed how most of the merchants taking refuge were, like her, pining for the restoration of the Bourbons. </p><p>She departed for Paris as soon as she received the news, and communicated by letter with Joseph about the condition of her Louveciennes home, which had been ransacked and its garden destroyed by the Prussian troops. Her servant wrote to her: "I beg them to be less greedy, to content themselves with whatever I give them, they reply: "The French have done far worse things in our country". Vigée Le Brun wrote in her memoirs "The Prussians are right; poor Joseph and I had to answer for that." </p><p>Vigée Le Brun was exultant at the entry of the Comte d'Artois to Paris on 12 April, shortly after Napoleon had agreed to abdicate. She wrote to him about the King, to which he replied: "His legs are still bad, but his mind is in excellent form. We will march for him, and he will think for us". She attended the euphoric reception of the King in Paris on 3 May 1814, and the restoration of the monarchy. The King personally gave her his regards while on his way to attend the Sunday services when he spotted her in a crowd. </p><p> Upon Napoleon's return from Elba, she noted the contrast between the rapturous reception the Bourbons had received the previous year and Napoleon's tepid welcome upon his return to France from his exile in <a href="/wiki/Elba" title="Elba">Elba</a>, after which he initiated the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days" title="Hundred Days">Hundred Days</a> war. Vigée Le Brun exhibited her staunch royalist sympathies in her memoirs, writing: </p><blockquote><p>Without wishing to insult the memory of a great captain and many brave generals and soldiers who helped win such resounding victories, I would like nevertheless to ask where these victories led us, and whether we still own any of the land which cost us so dear? For my part, the bulletins from the Russian campaign both distressed and revolted me; one of the later ones spoke of the loss of thousands of French soldiers and added that the Emperor had never looked so well! We read this bulletin at the home of the Bellegarde ladies, and felt so angry that we threw it on to the fire. The fact that the people were tired of these interminable wars is easily attested by their lack of enthusiasm during the Hundred Days. More than once I saw Bonaparte appear at his window and then retire immediately, furious no doubt, for the acclamation of the crowd was limited to the shouts of a hundred or so boys, paid, I believe, as an act of derision to chant long live the Emperor! There is a sharp contrast between this indifference and the joyful enthusiasm which greeted the King on his entry into Paris on the 8th of July 1815; this joy was almost universal, for after the many misfortunes incurred by Bonaparte, Louis XVIII brought only peace. </p></blockquote> <p>Her Louveciennes home was once again looted in the Hundred Days, this time by British troops. Among the possessions lost during this incident was a lacquer box gifted to her by the Count Stroganoff during her stay at Saint Petersburg, which she had prized immensely. </p><p>Her estranged husband died in August 1813, in their old home built on the Rue de-Gros-Chenet. Though they had drifted apart for several years, she was nonetheless sorely affected by his death. </p><p>In 1819 she sold her portrait of Lady Hamilton as the Comaean Sibyl to the Duc de Berri, despite it being her favorite, because she wished to satisfy the Duke. She also painted two portraits of the <a href="/wiki/Marie-Caroline_of_Bourbon-Two_Sicilies,_Duchess_of_Berry" title="Marie-Caroline of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Duchess of Berry">Duchesse de Berri</a>, initially in the Tuileries, but then finishing their sittings in her home. In the same year, her daughter Julie died of syphilis, which devastated her. The next year, her brother Etienne died an alcoholic, leaving her niece Caroline her principal heir. Her friends advised the grief-stricken artist to travel to <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a> to occupy her mind with something else. She traveled first to <a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans">Orléans</a>, where she resided in the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_M%C3%A9r%C3%A9ville" title="Château de Méréville">Château de Méréville</a>, where she was mesmerized by its elegance, beauty and architecture, designed in the <a href="/wiki/English_landscape_garden" title="English landscape garden">English Garden</a> style; she wrote that it "surpassed anything of its kind in England". She toured the city and sampled its architecture and landmarks, including the <a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans_Cathedral" title="Orléans Cathedral">cathedral</a> and the ruins surrounding the city. She then traveled to <a href="/wiki/Blois" title="Blois">Blois</a> where she visited the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Chambord" title="Château de Chambord">Château de Chambord</a>, which she described it as "a romantic, fairy tale place". She then visited the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Chanteloup" title="Château de Chanteloup">Château de Chanteloup</a>, residence of the late <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Fran%C3%A7ois,_duc_de_Choiseul" class="mw-redirect" title="Étienne François, duc de Choiseul">Duc de Choiseul</a>. Afterwards, she traveled to <a href="/wiki/Tours" title="Tours">Tours</a>, where the impure air forced her to quit the city after only two days. In Tours, she was received by the director of the academy, who offered to be her guide in the city. She also visited the ruins of the <a href="/wiki/Marmoutier_Abbey,_Tours" title="Marmoutier Abbey, Tours">Marmoutier monastery</a>. She then passed <a href="/wiki/Poitiers" title="Poitiers">Poitiers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Angoulême">Angoulême</a> on her way to Bordeaux. After arriving in Bordeaux, she stayed in the Fumel Hospice and was received there by the prefect, the <a href="/wiki/Camille_de_Tournon-Simiane" title="Camille de Tournon-Simiane">Comte de Tournon-Simiane</a>. She toured the countryside and visited the cemetery, which she praised for its sepulchral beauty and symmetrical layout. It became her second-favorite after the <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8re_Lachaise_Cemetery" title="Père Lachaise Cemetery">Père La Chaise</a> cemetery of Paris. She also visited the synagogue of Bordeaux, styled after the <a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">temple of Solomon</a>, the ruins of the ancient Roman Gallien Arena. After spending a week in Bordeaux, she started back for Paris, greatly satisfied with her travels. During her journey, it was common for her to be mistaken for a noble lady owing to her expensive carriage; she later lamented in her memoirs that this often meant she had to pay more in the inns where she resided. </p><p>Her journey to Bordeaux was the last time she traveled extensively. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Friendship_with_Antoine_Jean-Gros">Friendship with Antoine Jean-Gros</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Friendship with Antoine Jean-Gros"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The artist formed an intimate friendship with <a href="/wiki/Antoine-Jean_Gros" title="Antoine-Jean Gros">Antoine-Jean Gros</a>, whom she had known since he was seven years old and had painted his portrait when he was at that age, during which she had noticed an artistic inclination in the child. Upon her return to France she was surprised to find Gros had become a successful and famous painter, head of his own school of art. Gros was socially reclusive, and often brusque to others, but he formed a close bond with Vigée Le Brun, who wrote: "Gros was always a man of natural impulses. He was prone to feel the keenest sensations and would become equally passionate over a kind action or a beautiful work of art. He was ill at ease in society, rarely breaking the silence in a crowded place, but he listened attentively and replied with his gentle smile, or by a single word, always very apt. To appreciate Gros, one had to know him intimately. Then he would open up his heart, a kind and noble one at that; some people reproached him for having a certain brusqueness of tone, but this disappeared entirely in private. His conversation was even more fascinating because he never expressed himself in the same way as other men; always finding the most unusual and powerful images to convey a thought, you might almost say he painted with words." </p><p>She was greatly affected by his suicide in 1835; she had met him the day before and noted him brooding over criticism he had received over one of his paintings. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Later_years">Later years</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Later years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tombe_vigee-lebrun.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Tombe_vigee-lebrun.JPG/220px-Tombe_vigee-lebrun.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Tombe_vigee-lebrun.JPG/330px-Tombe_vigee-lebrun.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Tombe_vigee-lebrun.JPG/440px-Tombe_vigee-lebrun.JPG 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>Vigée Le Brun's grave in <a href="/wiki/Louveciennes" title="Louveciennes">Louveciennes</a></figcaption></figure> <p>She spent most of her time in Louveciennes, typically eight months of the year. She formed new friendships with people including the writer and man of letters M. de Briffaut, the playwright <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste-Denis_Despr%C3%A9" title="Jean-Baptiste-Denis Despré">M. Despré</a>, the writer M. <a href="/wiki/Aim%C3%A9_Martin" title="Aimé Martin">Louis Aimé-Martin</a>, the composer <a href="/wiki/Marc-Antoine_Madeleine_D%C3%A9saugiers" title="Marc-Antoine Madeleine Désaugiers">M. Désaugiers</a>, the painter and antiquarian <a href="/wiki/Louis_Nicolas_Philippe_Auguste_de_Forbin" title="Louis Nicolas Philippe Auguste de Forbin">Comte de Forbin</a>, and the famous painter Antoine-Jean Gros. She hosted these people and socialized with them regularly in her countryside home or in Paris, as well as her old friend the Princess Kourakin. She painted <a href="/wiki/Genevieve" title="Genevieve">Saint Geneviève</a>, with the face being a posthumous portrait of 12-year old Julie. For the local chapel, the <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phanie_F%C3%A9licit%C3%A9,_comtesse_de_Genlis" title="Stéphanie Félicité, comtesse de Genlis">Comtesse de Genlis</a> graced this painting with two separate poems; one for the saint, the other for the painter. She spent her time with her nieces Caroline Rivière and Eugénie Tripier-Le Franc, whom she came to regard as her own children. She had tutored the latter in painting since childhood and was greatly pleased to see her blossom into a professional artist. Eugénie and Caroline would assist her in writing her memoirs, late in her life. She died in Paris on 30 March 1842, aged 86. She was buried at the <a href="/wiki/Cimeti%C3%A8re_de_Louveciennes" title="Cimetière de Louveciennes">Cimetière de Louveciennes</a> near her old home. Her tombstone <a href="/wiki/Epitaph" title="Epitaph">epitaph</a> says "<i>Ici, enfin, je repose...</i>" (Here, at last, I rest...).<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exhibitions">Exhibitions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Exhibitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During her lifetime, Vigée Le Brun's work was publicly exhibited in Paris at the <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_de_Saint-Luc" title="Académie de Saint-Luc">Académie de Saint-Luc</a> (1774), Salon de la Correspondance (1779, 1781, 1782, 1783) and <a href="/wiki/Salon_(Paris)" title="Salon (Paris)">Salon of the Académie in Paris</a> (1783, 1785, 1787, 1789, 1791, 1798, 1802, 1817, 1824).<sup id="cite_ref-Baillio_26-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baillio-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first <a href="/wiki/Retrospective" title="Retrospective">retrospective</a> exhibition of Vigée Le Brun's work was held in 1982 at the <a href="/wiki/Kimbell_Art_Museum" title="Kimbell Art Museum">Kimbell Art Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth, Texas</a>. The first major international retrospective exhibition of her art premiered at the <a href="/wiki/Galeries_nationales_du_Grand_Palais" title="Galeries nationales du Grand Palais">Galeries nationales du Grand Palais</a> in Paris (2015—2016).<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was subsequently shown at the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> (2016) and the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Canada" title="National Gallery of Canada">National Gallery of Canada</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a> (2016).<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Portrayal_in_popular_culture">Portrayal in popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Portrayal in popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 2014 docudrama made for French television, <i>Le fabuleux destin d'Elisabeth Vigée Le Brun,</i> directed by Arnaud Xainte,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and starring Marlène Goulard and Julie Ravix as the young and old Elisabeth respectively, is available in English as <i>The Fabulous Life of Elisabeth Vigée Le Brun.</i> </p><p>An episode of the 1980 BBC television series, <a href="/wiki/100_Great_Paintings" title="100 Great Paintings">100 Great Paintings</a>, presented by the art historian and author, <a href="/wiki/Anita_Brookner" title="Anita Brookner">Anita Brookner</a>, featured Vigée Le Brun's <i>Self-portrait with her Daughter, 1789</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the episode "The Portrait" from the BBC series <i><a href="/wiki/Let_Them_Eat_Cake_(TV_series)" title="Let Them Eat Cake (TV series)">Let Them Eat Cake</a></i> (1999) written by Peter Learmouth, starring <a href="/wiki/Dawn_French" title="Dawn French">Dawn French</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Saunders" title="Jennifer Saunders">Jennifer Saunders</a>, Madame Vigée Le Brun (<a href="/wiki/Maggie_Steed" title="Maggie Steed">Maggie Steed</a>) paints a portrait of the Comtesse de Vache (Jennifer Saunders) weeping over a dead canary.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Vigée Le Brun is one of only three characters in Joel Gross's <i>Marie Antoinette: The Color of Flesh</i> (premiered in 2007), a fictionalized historical drama about a love triangle set against the backdrop of the French Revolution.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vigée Le Brun's portrait of Marie Antoinette is featured on the cover of the 2010 album <i><a href="/wiki/Nobody%27s_Daughter" title="Nobody's Daughter">Nobody's Daughter</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Hole_(band)" title="Hole (band)">Hole</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun is a dateable <a href="/wiki/Non-player_character" title="Non-player character">non-player character</a> in the historically-based <a href="/wiki/Dating_sim" title="Dating sim">dating sim</a> video game <i>Ambition: A Minuet in Power</i> published by Joy Manufacturing Co.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Singer-songwriter Kelly Chase released the song "Portrait of a Queen" in 2021 to accompany the History Detective Podcast, Season 2, Episode 3 Marie Antionette's Portrait Artist: Vigée Le Brun. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portraits_painted_in_France">Portraits painted in France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Portraits painted in France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 103.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 101.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_Of_The_Artists_Brother_by_%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Étienne Vigée, 1773. Saint Louis Art Museum."><img alt="Étienne Vigée, 1773. Saint Louis Art Museum." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Portrait_Of_The_Artists_Brother_by_%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg/152px-Portrait_Of_The_Artists_Brother_by_%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Portrait_Of_The_Artists_Brother_by_%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg/228px-Portrait_Of_The_Artists_Brother_by_%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Portrait_Of_The_Artists_Brother_by_%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg/303px-Portrait_Of_The_Artists_Brother_by_%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4570" data-file-height="5420" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Étienne Vigée</i>, 1773. <a href="/wiki/Saint_Louis_Art_Museum" title="Saint Louis Art Museum">Saint Louis Art Museum</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 88px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 86px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Self-portrait_in_a_Straw_Hat_by_Elisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Self-portrait in a Straw Hat, National Gallery, London"><img alt="Self-portrait in a Straw Hat, National Gallery, London" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Self-portrait_in_a_Straw_Hat_by_Elisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg/129px-Self-portrait_in_a_Straw_Hat_by_Elisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Self-portrait_in_a_Straw_Hat_by_Elisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg/194px-Self-portrait_in_a_Straw_Hat_by_Elisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Self-portrait_in_a_Straw_Hat_by_Elisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg/259px-Self-portrait_in_a_Straw_Hat_by_Elisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="6000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Self-portrait in a Straw Hat</i>, National Gallery, London</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 86px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 84px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Duchess_of_Polignac_by_E.Vigee-Lebrun_(1787,_Atheneum).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Duchesse de Polignac, 1782 oil on canvas. Musée de l'Histoire de France (Versailles)."><img alt="Duchesse de Polignac, 1782 oil on canvas. Musée de l'Histoire de France (Versailles)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Duchess_of_Polignac_by_E.Vigee-Lebrun_%281787%2C_Atheneum%29.jpg/126px-Duchess_of_Polignac_by_E.Vigee-Lebrun_%281787%2C_Atheneum%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Duchess_of_Polignac_by_E.Vigee-Lebrun_%281787%2C_Atheneum%29.jpg/188px-Duchess_of_Polignac_by_E.Vigee-Lebrun_%281787%2C_Atheneum%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Duchess_of_Polignac_by_E.Vigee-Lebrun_%281787%2C_Atheneum%29.jpg/251px-Duchess_of_Polignac_by_E.Vigee-Lebrun_%281787%2C_Atheneum%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="792" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Yolande_de_Polastron" title="Yolande de Polastron">Duchesse de Polignac</a></i>, 1782 oil on canvas. <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_l%27Histoire_de_France_(Versailles)" title="Musée de l'Histoire de France (Versailles)">Musée de l'Histoire de France (Versailles)</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 90px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 88px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_-_%C3%89lisabeth_of_France,_Versailles.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Élisabeth of France, sister of Louis XVI. 1782, Musée de l'Histoire de France"><img alt="Élisabeth of France, sister of Louis XVI. 1782, Musée de l'Histoire de France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_-_%C3%89lisabeth_of_France%2C_Versailles.jpg/132px-Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_-_%C3%89lisabeth_of_France%2C_Versailles.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_-_%C3%89lisabeth_of_France%2C_Versailles.jpg/199px-Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_-_%C3%89lisabeth_of_France%2C_Versailles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_-_%C3%89lisabeth_of_France%2C_Versailles.jpg/265px-Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_-_%C3%89lisabeth_of_France%2C_Versailles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3564" data-file-height="4844" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth_of_France" title="Élisabeth of France">Élisabeth of France</a></i>, sister of Louis XVI. 1782, <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_l%27Histoire_de_France_(Versailles)" title="Musée de l'Histoire de France (Versailles)">Musée de l'Histoire de France</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 94.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 92.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Du_Barry.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Madame du Barry, 1782. The last Maîtresse-en-titre of Louis XV of France and a victim of the Reign of Terror." One of three Vigée Le Brun portraits, including a posthumous portrait that she finished in 1805.[37] (Note:Though du Barry never wore rouge, another artist added it to her cheeks.[citation needed])"><img alt="Madame du Barry, 1782. The last Maîtresse-en-titre of Louis XV of France and a victim of the Reign of Terror." One of three Vigée Le Brun portraits, including a posthumous portrait that she finished in 1805.[37] (Note:Though du Barry never wore rouge, another artist added it to her cheeks.[citation needed])" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Du_Barry.jpg/139px-Du_Barry.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Du_Barry.jpg/209px-Du_Barry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Du_Barry.jpg/278px-Du_Barry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3167" data-file-height="4096" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Madame_du_Barry" title="Madame du Barry">Madame du Barry</a></i>, 1782. The last <i><a href="/wiki/Ma%C3%AEtresse-en-titre" title="Maîtresse-en-titre">Maîtresse-en-titre</a></i> of Louis XV of France and a victim of the <a href="/wiki/Reign_of_Terror" title="Reign of Terror">Reign of Terror</a>." One of three Vigée Le Brun portraits, including a <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Du_Barry.jpg" class="extiw" title="c:File:Vigée-Lebrun - Du Barry.jpg">posthumous portrait</a> that she finished in 1805.<sup id="cite_ref-Browne1_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Browne1-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(Note:Though du Barry never wore rouge, another artist added it to her cheeks.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 97.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 95.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Madame_Grand_(No%C3%ABl_Catherine_Vorl%C3%A9e,_1761%E2%80%931835)_MET_DP320094.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Madame Grand, 1783. Metropolitan Museum of Art."><img alt="Madame Grand, 1783. Metropolitan Museum of Art." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Madame_Grand_%28No%C3%ABl_Catherine_Vorl%C3%A9e%2C_1761%E2%80%931835%29_MET_DP320094.jpg/143px-Madame_Grand_%28No%C3%ABl_Catherine_Vorl%C3%A9e%2C_1761%E2%80%931835%29_MET_DP320094.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Madame_Grand_%28No%C3%ABl_Catherine_Vorl%C3%A9e%2C_1761%E2%80%931835%29_MET_DP320094.jpg/214px-Madame_Grand_%28No%C3%ABl_Catherine_Vorl%C3%A9e%2C_1761%E2%80%931835%29_MET_DP320094.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Madame_Grand_%28No%C3%ABl_Catherine_Vorl%C3%A9e%2C_1761%E2%80%931835%29_MET_DP320094.jpg/286px-Madame_Grand_%28No%C3%ABl_Catherine_Vorl%C3%A9e%2C_1761%E2%80%931835%29_MET_DP320094.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3174" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Madame_Grand_(Louise_%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun)" class="mw-redirect" title="Madame Grand (Louise Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun)">Madame Grand</a></i>, 1783. <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 88px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 86px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_-_Portrait_of_Marie_Gabrielle_de_Gramont,_Duchesse_de_Caderousse_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Marie-Gabrielle de Gramont, Duchesse de Caderousse, 1784. Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art."><img alt="Marie-Gabrielle de Gramont, Duchesse de Caderousse, 1784. Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Elisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_-_Portrait_of_Marie_Gabrielle_de_Gramont%2C_Duchesse_de_Caderousse_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/129px-Elisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_-_Portrait_of_Marie_Gabrielle_de_Gramont%2C_Duchesse_de_Caderousse_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Elisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_-_Portrait_of_Marie_Gabrielle_de_Gramont%2C_Duchesse_de_Caderousse_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/193px-Elisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_-_Portrait_of_Marie_Gabrielle_de_Gramont%2C_Duchesse_de_Caderousse_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Elisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_-_Portrait_of_Marie_Gabrielle_de_Gramont%2C_Duchesse_de_Caderousse_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/258px-Elisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_-_Portrait_of_Marie_Gabrielle_de_Gramont%2C_Duchesse_de_Caderousse_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2869" data-file-height="4001" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Marie-Gabrielle de Gramont, Duchesse de Caderousse</i>, 1784. <a href="/wiki/Nelson-Atkins_Museum_of_Art" title="Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art">Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun,_Elisabeth-Louise_-_Charles-Alexandre_de_Calonne_(1734-1802)_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Charles-Alexandre de Calonne, 1784. Royal Collection."><img alt="Charles-Alexandre de Calonne, 1784. Royal Collection." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun%2C_Elisabeth-Louise_-_Charles-Alexandre_de_Calonne_%281734-1802%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/150px-Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun%2C_Elisabeth-Louise_-_Charles-Alexandre_de_Calonne_%281734-1802%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun%2C_Elisabeth-Louise_-_Charles-Alexandre_de_Calonne_%281734-1802%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/226px-Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun%2C_Elisabeth-Louise_-_Charles-Alexandre_de_Calonne_%281734-1802%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun%2C_Elisabeth-Louise_-_Charles-Alexandre_de_Calonne_%281734-1802%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/301px-Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun%2C_Elisabeth-Louise_-_Charles-Alexandre_de_Calonne_%281734-1802%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3994" data-file-height="4777" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Charles-Alexandre_de_Calonne" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles-Alexandre de Calonne">Charles-Alexandre de Calonne</a></i>, 1784. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Collection" title="Royal Collection">Royal Collection</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 88px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 86px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_Baronne_de_Crussol_(RO_307).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baronne de Crussol, 1785. Musée des Augustins."><img alt="Baronne de Crussol, 1785. Musée des Augustins." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_Baronne_de_Crussol_%28RO_307%29.jpg/129px-Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_Baronne_de_Crussol_%28RO_307%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_Baronne_de_Crussol_%28RO_307%29.jpg/193px-Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_Baronne_de_Crussol_%28RO_307%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_Baronne_de_Crussol_%28RO_307%29.jpg/257px-Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_Baronne_de_Crussol_%28RO_307%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="572" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Baronne de Crussol</i>, 1785. <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_des_Augustins" title="Musée des Augustins">Musée des Augustins</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 96px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 94px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Comtesse_de_la_Ch%C3%A2tre_(Marie_Charlotte_Louise_Perrette_Agla%C3%A9_Bontemps,_1762%E2%80%931848)_MET_DP320086.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Comtesse de La Châtre, 1789. Metropolitan Museum of Art."><img alt="Comtesse de La Châtre, 1789. Metropolitan Museum of Art." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Comtesse_de_la_Ch%C3%A2tre_%28Marie_Charlotte_Louise_Perrette_Agla%C3%A9_Bontemps%2C_1762%E2%80%931848%29_MET_DP320086.jpg/141px-Comtesse_de_la_Ch%C3%A2tre_%28Marie_Charlotte_Louise_Perrette_Agla%C3%A9_Bontemps%2C_1762%E2%80%931848%29_MET_DP320086.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Comtesse_de_la_Ch%C3%A2tre_%28Marie_Charlotte_Louise_Perrette_Agla%C3%A9_Bontemps%2C_1762%E2%80%931848%29_MET_DP320086.jpg/211px-Comtesse_de_la_Ch%C3%A2tre_%28Marie_Charlotte_Louise_Perrette_Agla%C3%A9_Bontemps%2C_1762%E2%80%931848%29_MET_DP320086.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Comtesse_de_la_Ch%C3%A2tre_%28Marie_Charlotte_Louise_Perrette_Agla%C3%A9_Bontemps%2C_1762%E2%80%931848%29_MET_DP320086.jpg/281px-Comtesse_de_la_Ch%C3%A2tre_%28Marie_Charlotte_Louise_Perrette_Agla%C3%A9_Bontemps%2C_1762%E2%80%931848%29_MET_DP320086.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3127" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Comtesse de La Châtre</i>, 1789. <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 90.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 88.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Self-portrait_with_Her_Daughter_by_Elisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Self-portrait with her Daughter, 1789. Louvre."><img alt="Self-portrait with her Daughter, 1789. Louvre." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Self-portrait_with_Her_Daughter_by_Elisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun.jpg/133px-Self-portrait_with_Her_Daughter_by_Elisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Self-portrait_with_Her_Daughter_by_Elisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun.jpg/200px-Self-portrait_with_Her_Daughter_by_Elisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Self-portrait_with_Her_Daughter_by_Elisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun.jpg/266px-Self-portrait_with_Her_Daughter_by_Elisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2565" data-file-height="3466" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Self-portrait with her Daughter</i>, 1789. <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 88.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 86.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%89lisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Le_Brun_-_Madame_Mol%C3%A9-Reymond_(1786).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Madame Molé-Reymond, actrice de la Comédie italienne, 1786. Louvre Museum."><img alt="Madame Molé-Reymond, actrice de la Comédie italienne, 1786. Louvre Museum." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/%C3%89lisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Le_Brun_-_Madame_Mol%C3%A9-Reymond_%281786%29.jpg/130px-%C3%89lisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Le_Brun_-_Madame_Mol%C3%A9-Reymond_%281786%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/%C3%89lisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Le_Brun_-_Madame_Mol%C3%A9-Reymond_%281786%29.jpg/194px-%C3%89lisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Le_Brun_-_Madame_Mol%C3%A9-Reymond_%281786%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/%C3%89lisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Le_Brun_-_Madame_Mol%C3%A9-Reymond_%281786%29.jpg/259px-%C3%89lisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Le_Brun_-_Madame_Mol%C3%A9-Reymond_%281786%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3084" data-file-height="4279" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Madame Molé-Reymond</i>, actrice de la Comédie italienne, 1786. <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre Museum</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 154px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 152px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_-_The_Marquise_de_Pezay_and_the_Marquise_de_Roug%C3%A9_with_Her_Sons_Alexis_and_Adrien.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Marquise de Pezay, and the Marquise de Rougé with her Sons Alexis and Adrien, 1787"><img alt="The Marquise de Pezay, and the Marquise de Rougé with her Sons Alexis and Adrien, 1787" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Elisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_-_The_Marquise_de_Pezay_and_the_Marquise_de_Roug%C3%A9_with_Her_Sons_Alexis_and_Adrien.jpg/228px-Elisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_-_The_Marquise_de_Pezay_and_the_Marquise_de_Roug%C3%A9_with_Her_Sons_Alexis_and_Adrien.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Elisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_-_The_Marquise_de_Pezay_and_the_Marquise_de_Roug%C3%A9_with_Her_Sons_Alexis_and_Adrien.jpg/342px-Elisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_-_The_Marquise_de_Pezay_and_the_Marquise_de_Roug%C3%A9_with_Her_Sons_Alexis_and_Adrien.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Elisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_-_The_Marquise_de_Pezay_and_the_Marquise_de_Roug%C3%A9_with_Her_Sons_Alexis_and_Adrien.jpg/457px-Elisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_-_The_Marquise_de_Pezay_and_the_Marquise_de_Roug%C3%A9_with_Her_Sons_Alexis_and_Adrien.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2977" data-file-height="2348" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>The Marquise de Pezay, and the Marquise de Rougé with her Sons Alexis and Adrien</i>, 1787</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 76.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 74.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elizabeth_Vigee_Lebrun_-_Portrait_of_Mohammed_Dervish_Khan_366N10007_B3Y2Q.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Muhammad Dervish Khan, 1788. Private collection."><img alt="Muhammad Dervish Khan, 1788. Private collection." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Elizabeth_Vigee_Lebrun_-_Portrait_of_Mohammed_Dervish_Khan_366N10007_B3Y2Q.jpg/112px-Elizabeth_Vigee_Lebrun_-_Portrait_of_Mohammed_Dervish_Khan_366N10007_B3Y2Q.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Elizabeth_Vigee_Lebrun_-_Portrait_of_Mohammed_Dervish_Khan_366N10007_B3Y2Q.jpg/168px-Elizabeth_Vigee_Lebrun_-_Portrait_of_Mohammed_Dervish_Khan_366N10007_B3Y2Q.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Elizabeth_Vigee_Lebrun_-_Portrait_of_Mohammed_Dervish_Khan_366N10007_B3Y2Q.jpg/224px-Elizabeth_Vigee_Lebrun_-_Portrait_of_Mohammed_Dervish_Khan_366N10007_B3Y2Q.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="4631" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Muhammad_Dervish_Khan" title="Portrait of Muhammad Dervish Khan"><i>Muhammad Dervish Khan</i></a>, 1788. Private collection.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 99.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 97.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%89lisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Le_Brun_-_Joseph_Vernet_(1778).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Joseph Vernet, 1778. Louvre Museum."><img alt="Joseph Vernet, 1778. Louvre Museum." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/%C3%89lisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Le_Brun_-_Joseph_Vernet_%281778%29.jpg/146px-%C3%89lisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Le_Brun_-_Joseph_Vernet_%281778%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/%C3%89lisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Le_Brun_-_Joseph_Vernet_%281778%29.jpg/219px-%C3%89lisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Le_Brun_-_Joseph_Vernet_%281778%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/%C3%89lisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Le_Brun_-_Joseph_Vernet_%281778%29.jpg/292px-%C3%89lisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Le_Brun_-_Joseph_Vernet_%281778%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3091" data-file-height="3806" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Claude-Joseph_Vernet" title="Claude-Joseph Vernet"><i>Joseph Vernet</i></a>, 1778. <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre Museum</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 98.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 96.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%89lisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Le_Brun_-_Hubert_Robert_(1788).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hubert Robert, 1788. Exhibited in the 1779 Salon Carré. Louvre Museum."><img alt="Hubert Robert, 1788. Exhibited in the 1779 Salon Carré. Louvre Museum." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/%C3%89lisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Le_Brun_-_Hubert_Robert_%281788%29.jpg/145px-%C3%89lisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Le_Brun_-_Hubert_Robert_%281788%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/%C3%89lisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Le_Brun_-_Hubert_Robert_%281788%29.jpg/217px-%C3%89lisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Le_Brun_-_Hubert_Robert_%281788%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/%C3%89lisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Le_Brun_-_Hubert_Robert_%281788%29.jpg/289px-%C3%89lisabeth-Louise_Vig%C3%A9e-Le_Brun_-_Hubert_Robert_%281788%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3134" data-file-height="3901" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Robert" title="Hubert Robert">Hubert Robert</a></i>, 1788. Exhibited in the 1779 <a href="/wiki/Salon_Carr%C3%A9" title="Salon Carré">Salon Carré</a>. Louvre Museum.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 101.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 99.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_selfportrait_(Kimbell_Art_Museum,_1781-2)FXD.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Self-Portrait, 1781. Kimbell Art Museum."><img alt="Self-Portrait, 1781. Kimbell Art Museum." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_selfportrait_%28Kimbell_Art_Museum%2C_1781-2%29FXD.jpg/149px-%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_selfportrait_%28Kimbell_Art_Museum%2C_1781-2%29FXD.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_selfportrait_%28Kimbell_Art_Museum%2C_1781-2%29FXD.jpg/224px-%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_selfportrait_%28Kimbell_Art_Museum%2C_1781-2%29FXD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_selfportrait_%28Kimbell_Art_Museum%2C_1781-2%29FXD.jpg/298px-%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_selfportrait_%28Kimbell_Art_Museum%2C_1781-2%29FXD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4557" data-file-height="5496" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Self-Portrait</i>, 1781. <a href="/wiki/Kimbell_Art_Museum" title="Kimbell Art Museum">Kimbell Art Museum</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 96px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 94px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%89lisabeth_Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_-_The_Vicomtesse_de_Vaudreuil_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vicomtesse de Vaudreuil, 1785. Getty Center."><img alt="Vicomtesse de Vaudreuil, 1785. Getty Center." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/%C3%89lisabeth_Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_-_The_Vicomtesse_de_Vaudreuil_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/141px-%C3%89lisabeth_Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_-_The_Vicomtesse_de_Vaudreuil_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/%C3%89lisabeth_Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_-_The_Vicomtesse_de_Vaudreuil_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/212px-%C3%89lisabeth_Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_-_The_Vicomtesse_de_Vaudreuil_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/%C3%89lisabeth_Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_-_The_Vicomtesse_de_Vaudreuil_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/283px-%C3%89lisabeth_Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_-_The_Vicomtesse_de_Vaudreuil_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3292" data-file-height="4190" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Vicomtesse de Vaudreuil</i>, 1785. <a href="/wiki/Getty_Center" title="Getty Center">Getty Center</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portraits_painted_in_Italy">Portraits painted in Italy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Portraits painted in Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 95.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 93.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lebrun,_Self-portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Self-portrait, painting Marie Antoinette, 1790. Uffizi."><img alt="Self-portrait, painting Marie Antoinette, 1790. Uffizi." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Lebrun%2C_Self-portrait.jpg/140px-Lebrun%2C_Self-portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Lebrun%2C_Self-portrait.jpg/209px-Lebrun%2C_Self-portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Lebrun%2C_Self-portrait.jpg/279px-Lebrun%2C_Self-portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1610" data-file-height="2074" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Self-portrait, painting Marie Antoinette</i>, 1790. <a href="/wiki/Uffizi" title="Uffizi">Uffizi</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 158.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 156.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Lady_Hamilton_as_Ariadne.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emma, Lady Hamilton as Ariadne, 1790. Private Collection. Painted in Naples."><img alt="Emma, Lady Hamilton as Ariadne, 1790. Private Collection. Painted in Naples." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Lady_Hamilton_as_Ariadne.jpg/235px-Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Lady_Hamilton_as_Ariadne.jpg" decoding="async" width="157" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Lady_Hamilton_as_Ariadne.jpg/353px-Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Lady_Hamilton_as_Ariadne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Lady_Hamilton_as_Ariadne.jpg/470px-Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Lady_Hamilton_as_Ariadne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="627" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Emma, Lady Hamilton as Ariadne</i>, 1790. Private Collection. Painted in Naples.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 90.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 88.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ritratto_dell%27infante_Francesco_di_Borbone.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Francesco di Borbone, 1790. Museo di Capodimonte."><img alt="Francesco di Borbone, 1790. Museo di Capodimonte." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Ritratto_dell%27infante_Francesco_di_Borbone.jpg/133px-Ritratto_dell%27infante_Francesco_di_Borbone.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Ritratto_dell%27infante_Francesco_di_Borbone.jpg/199px-Ritratto_dell%27infante_Francesco_di_Borbone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Ritratto_dell%27infante_Francesco_di_Borbone.jpg/265px-Ritratto_dell%27infante_Francesco_di_Borbone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1980" data-file-height="2687" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Francis I of the Two Sicilies"><i>Francesco di Borbone</i></a>, 1790. <a href="/wiki/Museo_di_Capodimonte" title="Museo di Capodimonte">Museo di Capodimonte</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 84px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 82px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Luisa_Maria_Amelia_Teresa_di_Borbone-Due_Sicilie_V2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Luisa Maria Amelia di Borbone, 1790. Museo di Capodimonte."><img alt="Luisa Maria Amelia di Borbone, 1790. Museo di Capodimonte." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Luisa_Maria_Amelia_Teresa_di_Borbone-Due_Sicilie_V2.jpg/123px-Luisa_Maria_Amelia_Teresa_di_Borbone-Due_Sicilie_V2.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Luisa_Maria_Amelia_Teresa_di_Borbone-Due_Sicilie_V2.jpg/185px-Luisa_Maria_Amelia_Teresa_di_Borbone-Due_Sicilie_V2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Luisa_Maria_Amelia_Teresa_di_Borbone-Due_Sicilie_V2.jpg/246px-Luisa_Maria_Amelia_Teresa_di_Borbone-Due_Sicilie_V2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1752" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Luisa Maria Amelia di Borbone</i>, 1790. <a href="/wiki/Museo_di_Capodimonte" title="Museo di Capodimonte">Museo di Capodimonte</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maria_Cristina_by_%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maria Cristina of Bourbon, 1790. Museo di Capodimonte."><img alt="Maria Cristina of Bourbon, 1790. Museo di Capodimonte." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Maria_Cristina_by_%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e.jpg/136px-Maria_Cristina_by_%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Maria_Cristina_by_%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e.jpg/204px-Maria_Cristina_by_%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Maria_Cristina_by_%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e.jpg/273px-Maria_Cristina_by_%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1026" data-file-height="1354" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Princess_Maria_Cristina" class="mw-redirect" title="Portrait of Princess Maria Cristina">Maria Cristina of Bourbon</a></i>, 1790. <a href="/wiki/Museo_di_Capodimonte" title="Museo di Capodimonte">Museo di Capodimonte</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 87.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 85.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Portrait_of_Anna_Pitt_as_Hebe_-_WGA25079.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Anne Pitt as Hebe, 1792. Hermitage Museum."><img alt="Anne Pitt as Hebe, 1792. Hermitage Museum." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Portrait_of_Anna_Pitt_as_Hebe_-_WGA25079.jpg/128px-Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Portrait_of_Anna_Pitt_as_Hebe_-_WGA25079.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Portrait_of_Anna_Pitt_as_Hebe_-_WGA25079.jpg/192px-Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Portrait_of_Anna_Pitt_as_Hebe_-_WGA25079.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Portrait_of_Anna_Pitt_as_Hebe_-_WGA25079.jpg/256px-Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Portrait_of_Anna_Pitt_as_Hebe_-_WGA25079.jpg 2x" data-file-width="891" data-file-height="1253" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Anne_Pitt" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne Pitt">Anne Pitt</a> as Hebe</i>, 1792. <a href="/wiki/Hermitage_Museum" title="Hermitage Museum">Hermitage Museum</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 96px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 94px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LadyHamilton.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emma Hamilton as a Bacchante, 1792. Lady Lever Art Gallery."><img alt="Emma Hamilton as a Bacchante, 1792. Lady Lever Art Gallery." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/LadyHamilton.jpg/141px-LadyHamilton.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/LadyHamilton.jpg/211px-LadyHamilton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/LadyHamilton.jpg/282px-LadyHamilton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3416" data-file-height="4362" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Emma,_Lady_Hamilton" title="Emma, Lady Hamilton"><i>Emma Hamilton as a Bacchante</i></a>, 1792. <a href="/wiki/Lady_Lever_Art_Gallery" title="Lady Lever Art Gallery">Lady Lever Art Gallery</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 96px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 94px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun._Autoportrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Copy of her 1790 self-portrait, originally done for the accademia di St. Luca in Rome."><img alt="Copy of her 1790 self-portrait, originally done for the accademia di St. Luca in Rome." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun._Autoportrait.jpg/141px-Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun._Autoportrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun._Autoportrait.jpg/212px-Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun._Autoportrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun._Autoportrait.jpg/282px-Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun._Autoportrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1763" data-file-height="2247" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Copy of her 1790 self-portrait, originally done for the <a href="/wiki/Accademia_di_San_Luca" title="Accademia di San Luca">accademia di St. Luca</a> in Rome.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Portrait_of_Hyacinthe_Gabrielle_Roland_(191).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mme. Roland, 1791 Rome. Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco."><img alt="Mme. Roland, 1791 Rome. Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Portrait_of_Hyacinthe_Gabrielle_Roland_%28191%29.jpg/136px-Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Portrait_of_Hyacinthe_Gabrielle_Roland_%28191%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Portrait_of_Hyacinthe_Gabrielle_Roland_%28191%29.jpg/205px-Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Portrait_of_Hyacinthe_Gabrielle_Roland_%28191%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Portrait_of_Hyacinthe_Gabrielle_Roland_%28191%29.jpg/273px-Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Portrait_of_Hyacinthe_Gabrielle_Roland_%28191%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="3294" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Mme. Roland</i>, 1791 Rome. <a href="/wiki/Fine_Arts_Museums_of_San_Francisco" title="Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco">Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 82px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Skawronska.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Countess Skavronskaia, Jacquemart-André museum."><img alt="Countess Skavronskaia, Jacquemart-André museum." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Skawronska.jpeg/120px-Skawronska.jpeg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Skawronska.jpeg/180px-Skawronska.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Skawronska.jpeg/241px-Skawronska.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1795" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Countess Skavronskaia</i>, <bdi><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Jacquemart-Andr%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="fr:Musée Jacquemart-André">Jacquemart-André museum</a>.</bdi></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 108.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 106.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anna_Zetzner_(1764-1814)_by_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Countess Potocka, Private collection."><img alt="Countess Potocka, Private collection." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Anna_Zetzner_%281764-1814%29_by_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun.jpg/160px-Anna_Zetzner_%281764-1814%29_by_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Anna_Zetzner_%281764-1814%29_by_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun.jpg/240px-Anna_Zetzner_%281764-1814%29_by_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Anna_Zetzner_%281764-1814%29_by_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun.jpg/320px-Anna_Zetzner_%281764-1814%29_by_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1351" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Countess Potocka</i>, Private collection.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 96.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 94.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%89lisabeth_Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_(1755-1842)_-_Frederick_Augustus_Hervey_(1730%E2%80%931803),_4th_Earl_of_Bristol_and_Bishop_of_Derry_-_851764_-_National_Trust.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lord Bristol, 1790, National Trust collection"><img alt="Lord Bristol, 1790, National Trust collection" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/%C3%89lisabeth_Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_%281755-1842%29_-_Frederick_Augustus_Hervey_%281730%E2%80%931803%29%2C_4th_Earl_of_Bristol_and_Bishop_of_Derry_-_851764_-_National_Trust.jpg/142px-%C3%89lisabeth_Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_%281755-1842%29_-_Frederick_Augustus_Hervey_%281730%E2%80%931803%29%2C_4th_Earl_of_Bristol_and_Bishop_of_Derry_-_851764_-_National_Trust.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/%C3%89lisabeth_Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_%281755-1842%29_-_Frederick_Augustus_Hervey_%281730%E2%80%931803%29%2C_4th_Earl_of_Bristol_and_Bishop_of_Derry_-_851764_-_National_Trust.jpg/213px-%C3%89lisabeth_Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_%281755-1842%29_-_Frederick_Augustus_Hervey_%281730%E2%80%931803%29%2C_4th_Earl_of_Bristol_and_Bishop_of_Derry_-_851764_-_National_Trust.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/%C3%89lisabeth_Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_%281755-1842%29_-_Frederick_Augustus_Hervey_%281730%E2%80%931803%29%2C_4th_Earl_of_Bristol_and_Bishop_of_Derry_-_851764_-_National_Trust.jpg/285px-%C3%89lisabeth_Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_%281755-1842%29_-_Frederick_Augustus_Hervey_%281730%E2%80%931803%29%2C_4th_Earl_of_Bristol_and_Bishop_of_Derry_-_851764_-_National_Trust.jpg 2x" data-file-width="949" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Lord Bristol</i>, 1790, <a href="/wiki/National_Trust" title="National Trust">National Trust collection</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portraits_painted_in_Austria">Portraits painted in Austria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Portraits painted in Austria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 88px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 86px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marie_Louise_Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Le_Brun_-_Portrait_de_la_comtesse_Maria_Theresia_Bucquoi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="La Comtesse Maria Theresia Bucquoi, 1793. Minneapolis Institute of Art."><img alt="La Comtesse Maria Theresia Bucquoi, 1793. Minneapolis Institute of Art." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Marie_Louise_Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Le_Brun_-_Portrait_de_la_comtesse_Maria_Theresia_Bucquoi.jpg/129px-Marie_Louise_Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Le_Brun_-_Portrait_de_la_comtesse_Maria_Theresia_Bucquoi.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Marie_Louise_Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Le_Brun_-_Portrait_de_la_comtesse_Maria_Theresia_Bucquoi.jpg/193px-Marie_Louise_Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Le_Brun_-_Portrait_de_la_comtesse_Maria_Theresia_Bucquoi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Marie_Louise_Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Le_Brun_-_Portrait_de_la_comtesse_Maria_Theresia_Bucquoi.jpg/257px-Marie_Louise_Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Le_Brun_-_Portrait_de_la_comtesse_Maria_Theresia_Bucquoi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4057" data-file-height="5671" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>La Comtesse Maria Theresia Bucquoi</i>, 1793. <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis_Institute_of_Art" title="Minneapolis Institute of Art">Minneapolis Institute of Art</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 90px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 88px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Theresa,_Countess_Kinsky_by_Marie-Louise-Elisabeth_Vigee-Lebrun.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Theresa, Countess Kinsky, 1793. Norton Simon Museum."><img alt="Theresa, Countess Kinsky, 1793. Norton Simon Museum." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Theresa%2C_Countess_Kinsky_by_Marie-Louise-Elisabeth_Vigee-Lebrun.jpg/132px-Theresa%2C_Countess_Kinsky_by_Marie-Louise-Elisabeth_Vigee-Lebrun.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Theresa%2C_Countess_Kinsky_by_Marie-Louise-Elisabeth_Vigee-Lebrun.jpg/198px-Theresa%2C_Countess_Kinsky_by_Marie-Louise-Elisabeth_Vigee-Lebrun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Theresa%2C_Countess_Kinsky_by_Marie-Louise-Elisabeth_Vigee-Lebrun.jpg/264px-Theresa%2C_Countess_Kinsky_by_Marie-Louise-Elisabeth_Vigee-Lebrun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2140" data-file-height="2921" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Theresa, Countess Kinsky</i>, 1793. <a href="/wiki/Norton_Simon_Museum" title="Norton Simon Museum">Norton Simon Museum</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 87.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 85.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Princess_Karoline_of_Liechtenstein_(1793)_LeBrun.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Princess Karoline of Liechtenstein, 1793. Liechtenstein Museum."><img alt="Princess Karoline of Liechtenstein, 1793. Liechtenstein Museum." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Portrait_of_Princess_Karoline_of_Liechtenstein_%281793%29_LeBrun.jpg/128px-Portrait_of_Princess_Karoline_of_Liechtenstein_%281793%29_LeBrun.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Portrait_of_Princess_Karoline_of_Liechtenstein_%281793%29_LeBrun.jpg/192px-Portrait_of_Princess_Karoline_of_Liechtenstein_%281793%29_LeBrun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Portrait_of_Princess_Karoline_of_Liechtenstein_%281793%29_LeBrun.jpg/256px-Portrait_of_Princess_Karoline_of_Liechtenstein_%281793%29_LeBrun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1777" data-file-height="2500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Princess Karoline of Liechtenstein</i>, 1793. <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_Museum" title="Liechtenstein Museum">Liechtenstein Museum</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 93.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 91.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Countess_Siemontkowsky_Bystry_by_Vigee_le_Brun.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Countess Siemontkowsky-Bystry, 1793. Private collection."><img alt="Countess Siemontkowsky-Bystry, 1793. Private collection." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Countess_Siemontkowsky_Bystry_by_Vigee_le_Brun.jpg/137px-Countess_Siemontkowsky_Bystry_by_Vigee_le_Brun.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Countess_Siemontkowsky_Bystry_by_Vigee_le_Brun.jpg/206px-Countess_Siemontkowsky_Bystry_by_Vigee_le_Brun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Countess_Siemontkowsky_Bystry_by_Vigee_le_Brun.jpg/275px-Countess_Siemontkowsky_Bystry_by_Vigee_le_Brun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5493" data-file-height="7200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Countess Siemontkowsky-Bystry</i>, 1793. Private collection.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 88px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 86px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lebrun_Pelagie_Sapiezyna.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pélagie Sapieżyna-Potocka, 1794. Royal Castle, Warsaw."><img alt="Pélagie Sapieżyna-Potocka, 1794. Royal Castle, Warsaw." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Lebrun_Pelagie_Sapiezyna.jpg/129px-Lebrun_Pelagie_Sapiezyna.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Lebrun_Pelagie_Sapiezyna.jpg/193px-Lebrun_Pelagie_Sapiezyna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Lebrun_Pelagie_Sapiezyna.jpg/258px-Lebrun_Pelagie_Sapiezyna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="788" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Pélagie Sapieżyna-Potocka</i>, 1794. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Castle,_Warsaw" title="Royal Castle, Warsaw">Royal Castle, Warsaw</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 96.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 94.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%89lisabeth_Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_(1755-1842)_-_Frederick_Augustus_Hervey_(1730%E2%80%931803),_4th_Earl_of_Bristol_and_Bishop_of_Derry_-_851764_-_National_Trust.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lord Bristol, 1790, National Trust collection"><img alt="Lord Bristol, 1790, National Trust collection" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/%C3%89lisabeth_Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_%281755-1842%29_-_Frederick_Augustus_Hervey_%281730%E2%80%931803%29%2C_4th_Earl_of_Bristol_and_Bishop_of_Derry_-_851764_-_National_Trust.jpg/142px-%C3%89lisabeth_Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_%281755-1842%29_-_Frederick_Augustus_Hervey_%281730%E2%80%931803%29%2C_4th_Earl_of_Bristol_and_Bishop_of_Derry_-_851764_-_National_Trust.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/%C3%89lisabeth_Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_%281755-1842%29_-_Frederick_Augustus_Hervey_%281730%E2%80%931803%29%2C_4th_Earl_of_Bristol_and_Bishop_of_Derry_-_851764_-_National_Trust.jpg/213px-%C3%89lisabeth_Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_%281755-1842%29_-_Frederick_Augustus_Hervey_%281730%E2%80%931803%29%2C_4th_Earl_of_Bristol_and_Bishop_of_Derry_-_851764_-_National_Trust.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/%C3%89lisabeth_Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_%281755-1842%29_-_Frederick_Augustus_Hervey_%281730%E2%80%931803%29%2C_4th_Earl_of_Bristol_and_Bishop_of_Derry_-_851764_-_National_Trust.jpg/285px-%C3%89lisabeth_Louise_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun_%281755-1842%29_-_Frederick_Augustus_Hervey_%281730%E2%80%931803%29%2C_4th_Earl_of_Bristol_and_Bishop_of_Derry_-_851764_-_National_Trust.jpg 2x" data-file-width="949" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Lord Bristol</i>, 1790, <a href="/wiki/National_Trust" title="National Trust">National Trust collection</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portraits_painted_in_Russia">Portraits painted in Russia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Portraits painted in Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 103.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 101.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_1800.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Self-portrait of herself painting Louise of Baden submitted for her admission to the Saint Petersburg Academy of Arts Now in the Hermitage Museum. Along with the other Uffizi portrait, are the only surviving self-portraits by the artist showing her in the act of painting."><img alt="Self-portrait of herself submitted for her admission to the Saint Petersburg Academy of Arts Now in the Hermitage Museum. Along with the other Uffizi portrait,these are the only surviving self-portraits by the artist showing her in the act of painting." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_1800.jpg/152px-Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_1800.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_1800.jpg/228px-Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_1800.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_1800.jpg/304px-Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_1800.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1332" data-file-height="1575" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Self-portrait of herself painting <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Alexeievna_(Louise_of_Baden)" title="Elizabeth Alexeievna (Louise of Baden)">Louise of Baden</a> submitted for her admission to the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Academy_of_Arts" title="Imperial Academy of Arts">Saint Petersburg Academy of Arts</a> Now in the <a href="/wiki/Hermitage_Museum" title="Hermitage Museum">Hermitage Museum</a>. Along with the other Uffizi portrait, are the only surviving self-portraits by the artist showing her in the act of painting.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 90.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 88.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Louise_%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun._The_portrait_of_princess_Ekaterina_Nikolaevna_Menshikova.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Princess Ekaterina Nikolaevna Menshikova, 1795. National Gallery of Armenia."><img alt="Princess Ekaterina Nikolaevna Menshikova, 1795. National Gallery of Armenia." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Louise_%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun._The_portrait_of_princess_Ekaterina_Nikolaevna_Menshikova.jpg/133px-Louise_%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun._The_portrait_of_princess_Ekaterina_Nikolaevna_Menshikova.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Louise_%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun._The_portrait_of_princess_Ekaterina_Nikolaevna_Menshikova.jpg/199px-Louise_%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun._The_portrait_of_princess_Ekaterina_Nikolaevna_Menshikova.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Louise_%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun._The_portrait_of_princess_Ekaterina_Nikolaevna_Menshikova.jpg/266px-Louise_%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun._The_portrait_of_princess_Ekaterina_Nikolaevna_Menshikova.jpg 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="623" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Princess Ekaterina Nikolaevna Menshikova</i>, 1795. <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Armenia" title="National Gallery of Armenia">National Gallery of Armenia</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 93.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 91.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anna_tolstoy_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Anna Ivanovna Baryatinskaya Tolstoy, 1796. National Gallery of Canada."><img alt="Anna Ivanovna Baryatinskaya Tolstoy, 1796. National Gallery of Canada." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Anna_tolstoy_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg/137px-Anna_tolstoy_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Anna_tolstoy_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg/205px-Anna_tolstoy_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Anna_tolstoy_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg/274px-Anna_tolstoy_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1176" data-file-height="1547" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Anna_Ivanovna_Baryatinskaya_Tolstoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Anna Ivanovna Baryatinskaya Tolstoy">Anna Ivanovna Baryatinskaya Tolstoy</a></i>, 1796. <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Canada" title="National Gallery of Canada">National Gallery of Canada</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 94.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 92.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ekaterina_Dolgorukaya_(Baryatinsky).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ekaterina Feodorovna Baryatinskaya-Dolgorukova, 1796. Yamazaki Mazak Museum of Art."><img alt="Ekaterina Feodorovna Baryatinskaya-Dolgorukova, 1796. Yamazaki Mazak Museum of Art." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Ekaterina_Dolgorukaya_%28Baryatinsky%29.jpg/139px-Ekaterina_Dolgorukaya_%28Baryatinsky%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Ekaterina_Dolgorukaya_%28Baryatinsky%29.jpg/208px-Ekaterina_Dolgorukaya_%28Baryatinsky%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Ekaterina_Dolgorukaya_%28Baryatinsky%29.jpg/278px-Ekaterina_Dolgorukaya_%28Baryatinsky%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="513" data-file-height="665" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Ekaterina_Feodorovna_Baryatinskaya-Dolgorukova" title="Ekaterina Feodorovna Baryatinskaya-Dolgorukova">Ekaterina Feodorovna Baryatinskaya-Dolgorukova</a></i>, 1796. Yamazaki Mazak Museum of Art.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 88.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 86.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anna_Alexandrovna_Galitzin,_nee_Gruzinsky.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Princess Ana Gruzinsky Galitzine, 1797. Baltimore Museum of Art."><img alt="Princess Ana Gruzinsky Galitzine, 1797. Baltimore Museum of Art." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Anna_Alexandrovna_Galitzin%2C_nee_Gruzinsky.jpg/130px-Anna_Alexandrovna_Galitzin%2C_nee_Gruzinsky.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Anna_Alexandrovna_Galitzin%2C_nee_Gruzinsky.jpg/196px-Anna_Alexandrovna_Galitzin%2C_nee_Gruzinsky.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Anna_Alexandrovna_Galitzin%2C_nee_Gruzinsky.jpg/261px-Anna_Alexandrovna_Galitzin%2C_nee_Gruzinsky.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1654" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Princess <a href="/wiki/Ana_Gruzinsky_Galitzine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ana Gruzinsky Galitzine">Ana Gruzinsky Galitzine</a></i>, 1797. <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_Museum_of_Art" title="Baltimore Museum of Art">Baltimore Museum of Art</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 100.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 98.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maria_Razumovskaya_by_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Princess Golitsyna, 1797. (Maria Razumovskaya)"><img alt="Maria Grigorievna Razumovskaya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Maria_Razumovskaya_by_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg/148px-Maria_Razumovskaya_by_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Maria_Razumovskaya_by_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg/222px-Maria_Razumovskaya_by_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Maria_Razumovskaya_by_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg/296px-Maria_Razumovskaya_by_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1317" data-file-height="1602" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Princess Golitsyna</i>, 1797. (<a href="/wiki/Maria_Razumovskaya" title="Maria Razumovskaya">Maria Razumovskaya</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 97.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 95.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Barber_Institute_of_Fine_Arts_-_Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Portrait_of_Countess_Golovina.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Varvara Golovina, 1797–1800. Barber Institute of Fine Arts."><img alt="Varvara Golovina, 1797–1800. Barber Institute of Fine Arts." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/The_Barber_Institute_of_Fine_Arts_-_Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Portrait_of_Countess_Golovina.jpg/143px-The_Barber_Institute_of_Fine_Arts_-_Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Portrait_of_Countess_Golovina.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/The_Barber_Institute_of_Fine_Arts_-_Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Portrait_of_Countess_Golovina.jpg/214px-The_Barber_Institute_of_Fine_Arts_-_Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Portrait_of_Countess_Golovina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/The_Barber_Institute_of_Fine_Arts_-_Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Portrait_of_Countess_Golovina.jpg/286px-The_Barber_Institute_of_Fine_Arts_-_Elisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun_-_Portrait_of_Countess_Golovina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2371" data-file-height="2987" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Varvara_Golovina" title="Varvara Golovina">Varvara Golovina</a></i>, 1797–1800. <a href="/wiki/Barber_Institute_of_Fine_Arts" title="Barber Institute of Fine Arts">Barber Institute of Fine Arts</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 99.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 97.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anna_Beloselskaya-Belozerskaya_by_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Anna Beloselskaya-Belozerskaya, 1798. National Museum of Women in the Arts."><img alt="Anna Beloselskaya-Belozerskaya, 1798. National Museum of Women in the Arts." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Anna_Beloselskaya-Belozerskaya_by_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg/146px-Anna_Beloselskaya-Belozerskaya_by_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Anna_Beloselskaya-Belozerskaya_by_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg/219px-Anna_Beloselskaya-Belozerskaya_by_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Anna_Beloselskaya-Belozerskaya_by_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg/293px-Anna_Beloselskaya-Belozerskaya_by_Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="527" data-file-height="648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Anna Beloselskaya-Belozerskaya</i>, 1798. <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Women_in_the_Arts" title="National Museum of Women in the Arts">National Museum of Women in the Arts</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vigee-Lebrun%E2%80%93Julie-Lebrun-as-Flora.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Julie Le Brun as Flora, 1799. Museum of Fine Arts (St. Petersburg, Florida)."><img alt="Julie Le Brun as Flora, 1799. Museum of Fine Arts (St. Petersburg, Florida)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Vigee-Lebrun%E2%80%93Julie-Lebrun-as-Flora.jpg/135px-Vigee-Lebrun%E2%80%93Julie-Lebrun-as-Flora.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Vigee-Lebrun%E2%80%93Julie-Lebrun-as-Flora.jpg/203px-Vigee-Lebrun%E2%80%93Julie-Lebrun-as-Flora.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Vigee-Lebrun%E2%80%93Julie-Lebrun-as-Flora.jpg/271px-Vigee-Lebrun%E2%80%93Julie-Lebrun-as-Flora.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1595" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Julie Le Brun as Flora</i>, 1799. <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts_(St._Petersburg,_Florida)" title="Museum of Fine Arts (St. Petersburg, Florida)">Museum of Fine Arts (St. Petersburg, Florida)</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 95.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 93.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vigee_Stanislaw_Augustus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stanislaus Augustus Poniatowski, former King of Poland, 1796. Versailles Collection."><img alt="Stanislaus Augustus Poniatowski, former King of Poland, 1796. Versailles Collection." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Vigee_Stanislaw_Augustus.jpg/140px-Vigee_Stanislaw_Augustus.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Vigee_Stanislaw_Augustus.jpg/210px-Vigee_Stanislaw_Augustus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Vigee_Stanislaw_Augustus.jpg/281px-Vigee_Stanislaw_Augustus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1158" data-file-height="1485" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_August_Poniatowski" title="Stanisław August Poniatowski"><i>Stanislaus Augustus Poniatowski</i></a>, former King of Poland, 1796. <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Versailles Collection.</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Victoire_Lemoine" title="Marie-Victoire Lemoine">Marie-Victoire Lemoine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_artists" title="Women artists">Women artists</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">There are several variant spellings: <a href="/wiki/ULAN" class="mw-redirect" title="ULAN">ULAN</a> prefers <i>LeBrun</i>, <a href="/wiki/RKD" class="mw-redirect" title="RKD">RKD</a> uses <i>Elisabeth Vigée-Le Brun</i> and so on.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">These memoirs are partially penned by her niece, this opened a debate for their authenticity.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Le Brun does not mention this child anywhere in her memoirs.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vigée Le Brun had been acquainted with the young Drouais back in Paris before he departed for Rome, became <a href="/wiki/Jacques-Louis_David" title="Jacques-Louis David">David's</a> star pupil and met his untimely death. In her memoirs she praised his skill, writing of him as having exhibited the potential to become the French <a href="/wiki/Raphael" title="Raphael">Raphael</a> before his death.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Later versions showing Vigée Le Brun painting her daughter instead of the Queen since she was decreasing the appearance of her royal sympathies in order to be struck from the list of émigrés.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This portrait depicted Anne as <a href="/wiki/Hebe_(mythology)" title="Hebe (mythology)">Hébé</a> offering a cup of water to the eagle. A real eagle was used during the painting process, although it greatly frightened her and Miss Anne.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">He was also Grand Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Knights of Malta</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Not to be mistaken with the more famous <a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand-P%C3%A9rigord" title="Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord">Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand</a>, Napoleon's patron.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">He was related to her by his sister's marriage to Etienne. Not to be mistaken with the marquis de Rivière, another friend of Vigée Le Brun.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">It appears that she is referring to the 6th century church known as the <a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Clitumnus" title="Temple of Clitumnus">Temple of Clitumnus</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ExhCat-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ExhCat_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ExhCat_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ExhCat_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ExhCat_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ExhCat_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBaillioSalmon2015" class="citation book cs1">Baillio, Joseph; Salmon, Xavier, eds. (2015). <i>Élisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun</i>. Paris: Éditions de la Réunion des musées nationaux—Grand Palais.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C3%89lisabeth+Louise+Vig%C3%A9e+Le+Brun&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+de+la+R%C3%A9union+des+mus%C3%A9es+nationaux%E2%80%94Grand+Palais&rft.date=2015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89lisabeth+Vig%C3%A9e+Le+Brun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gardner-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gardner_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gardner_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKleiner2015" class="citation book cs1">Kleiner, Fred S., ed. (2015). <i>Gardner's Art through the Ages: The Western Perspective</i>. Vol. 2 (15th ed.). Boston: Cengage Learning. p. 656. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-305-64505-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-305-64505-9"><bdi>978-1-305-64505-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gardner%27s+Art+through+the+Ages%3A+The+Western+Perspective&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=656&rft.edition=15th&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-305-64505-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89lisabeth+Vig%C3%A9e+Le+Brun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170402151333/https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/%C3%A9lisabeth-louise-vig%C3%A9e-lebrun">"National Museum of Women in the Arts"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/%c3%a9lisabeth-louise-vig%c3%a9e-lebrun">the original</a> on 2 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Museum+of+Women+in+the+Arts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnmwa.org%2Fexplore%2Fartist-profiles%2F%25c3%25a9lisabeth-louise-vig%25c3%25a9e-lebrun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89lisabeth+Vig%C3%A9e+Le+Brun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaillio" class="citation book cs1">Baillio, Joseph. <i>Marie-Antoinette and her children, by Mme. Vigée Le Brun</i>. Paris: L'Oeil. p. 90.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marie-Antoinette+and+her+children%2C+by+Mme.+Vig%C3%A9e+Le+Brun&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=L%27Oeil&rft.aulast=Baillio&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89lisabeth+Vig%C3%A9e+Le+Brun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristianeLarassKlier2008" class="citation book cs1">Christiane, Weidemann; Larass, Petra; Klier, Melanie (2008). <i>50 Women Artists You Should Know</i>. Munich: Prestel. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/195744889">195744889</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=50+Women+Artists+You+Should+Know&rft.place=Munich&rft.pub=Prestel&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F195744889&rft.aulast=Christiane&rft.aufirst=Weidemann&rft.au=Larass%2C+Petra&rft.au=Klier%2C+Melanie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89lisabeth+Vig%C3%A9e+Le+Brun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Memoirs-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Memoirs_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Memoirs_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Memoirs_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Memoirs_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Memoirs_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Memoirs_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Memoirs_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Memoirs_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Memoirs_8-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Memoirs_8-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Memoirs of Elisabeth Vigée-Le Brun</i>. Translated by Siân Evans. London: Camden Press. 1989.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Memoirs+of+Elisabeth+Vig%C3%A9e-Le+Brun&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Camden+Press&rft.date=1989&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89lisabeth+Vig%C3%A9e+Le+Brun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaze2001" class="citation book cs1">Gaze, Delia (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V4h7A0XIN14C"><i>Concise Dictionary of Women Artists</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 678. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57958-335-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57958-335-4"><bdi>978-1-57958-335-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Concise+Dictionary+of+Women+Artists&rft.pages=678&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-57958-335-4&rft.aulast=Gaze&rft.aufirst=Delia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DV4h7A0XIN14C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89lisabeth+Vig%C3%A9e+Le+Brun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goodden-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Goodden_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goodden_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goodden_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodden1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Angelica_Goodden" title="Angelica Goodden">Goodden, Angelica</a> (1997). <i>The Sweetness of Life: A Biography of Elisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun</i>. London: André Deutsch Limited.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sweetness+of+Life%3A+A+Biography+of+Elisabeth+Louise+Vig%C3%A9e+Le+Brun&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Andr%C3%A9+Deutsch+Limited&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Goodden&rft.aufirst=Angelica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89lisabeth+Vig%C3%A9e+Le+Brun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OxfordArt-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OxfordArt_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OxfordArt_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OxfordArt_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OxfordArt_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OxfordArt_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OxfordArt_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicholson" class="citation web cs1">Nicholson, Kathleen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordartonline.com/subscriber/article/grove/art/T089458">"Vigée Le Brun, Elisabeth-Louise"</a>. <i>Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online</i>. Oxford University Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Grove+Art+Online.+Oxford+Art+Online.&rft.atitle=Vig%C3%A9e+Le+Brun%2C+Elisabeth-Louise&rft.aulast=Nicholson&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordartonline.com%2Fsubscriber%2Farticle%2Fgrove%2Fart%2FT089458&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89lisabeth+Vig%C3%A9e+Le+Brun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLangmuir1997" class="citation book cs1">Langmuir, Erika (1997). <i>The National Gallery Companion Guide</i> (rev. ed.). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Gallery&rft.atitle=Self-Portrait+in+a+Straw+Hat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgallery.org.uk%2Fpaintings%2Felisabeth-louise-vigee-le-brun-self-portrait-in-a-straw-hat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89lisabeth+Vig%C3%A9e+Le+Brun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuffyHedley2004" class="citation book cs1">Duffy, Stephen; Hedley, Jo (2004). <i>The Wallace Collection's Pictures: A Complete Catalogue</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2024</span> – via www.bbc.co.uk.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anita+Brookner+on+Art%3A+100+Great+Paintings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fiplayer%2Fepisode%2Fm001xhzb%2Fanita-brookner-on-art-100-great-paintings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89lisabeth+Vig%C3%A9e+Le+Brun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGenzlinger2007" class="citation news cs1">Genzlinger, Neil (11 April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/11/theater/reviews/11fles.html">"How a Queen Lost Her Heart Before She Lost Her Head"</a>. <i>New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=How+a+Queen+Lost+Her+Heart+Before+She+Lost+Her+Head&rft.date=2007-04-11&rft.aulast=Genzlinger&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F04%2F11%2Ftheater%2Freviews%2F11fles.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89lisabeth+Vig%C3%A9e+Le+Brun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spin.com/2010/03/hole-reveal-new-album-art-and-tracklist/">"Hole Reveal New Album Art and Tracklist"</a>. <i>Spin</i>. 25 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spin&rft.atitle=Hole+Reveal+New+Album+Art+and+Tracklist&rft.date=2010-03-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spin.com%2F2010%2F03%2Fhole-reveal-new-album-art-and-tracklist%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89lisabeth+Vig%C3%A9e+Le+Brun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValentine2020" class="citation web cs1">Valentine, Rebekah (9 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2020-07-08-ambition-a-minuet-in-power-wants-to-meet-underserved-audiences-with-extravagance">"Ambition: A Minuet in Power's extravagant aspirations"</a>. <i>GamesIndustry.biz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GamesIndustry.biz&rft.atitle=Ambition%3A+A+Minuet+in+Power%27s+extravagant+aspirations&rft.date=2020-07-09&rft.aulast=Valentine&rft.aufirst=Rebekah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamesindustry.biz%2Farticles%2F2020-07-08-ambition-a-minuet-in-power-wants-to-meet-underserved-audiences-with-extravagance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89lisabeth+Vig%C3%A9e+Le+Brun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Browne1-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Browne1_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://allencbrowne.blogspot.com/2016/04/madame-du-barry.html">"The Portrait Gallery: Madame du Barry"</a>. 15 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Portrait+Gallery%3A+Madame+du+Barry&rft.date=2016-04-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fallencbrowne.blogspot.com%2F2016%2F04%2Fmadame-du-barry.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89lisabeth+Vig%C3%A9e+Le+Brun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literature_and_resources">Literature and resources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Literature and resources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/lebrun/memoirs/memoirs.html#I">University of Pennsylvania, <i><b>Memoirs of Madame Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun</b></i></a>, Translated by Lionel Strachey, Copyright 1903, by <a href="/wiki/Doubleday_(publisher)" title="Doubleday (publisher)">Doubleday, Page & Company</a>, Published, October, 1903</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun">Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVigée-Lebrun" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vigée-Lebrun, Louise-Elisabeth</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/25622"><i>The Memoirs of Madame Vigée Lebrun</i></a> – via Project Gutenberg.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Memoirs+of+Madame+Vig%C3%A9e+Lebrun&rft.aulast=Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun&rft.aufirst=Louise-Elisabeth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Febooks%2Fauthor%2F25622&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89lisabeth+Vig%C3%A9e+Le+Brun" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/vigee-lebrun_marie_louise_elisabeth.html">"Artcyclopedia entry: Marie Louise Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Artcyclopedia+entry%3A+Marie+Louise+%C3%89lisabeth+Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.artcyclopedia.com%2Fartists%2Fvigee-lebrun_marie_louise_elisabeth.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89lisabeth+Vig%C3%A9e+Le+Brun" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeffares" class="citation book cs1">Jeffares, Neil. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pastellists.com"><i>Dictionary of Pastellists before 1800</i></a> (Online ed.).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Pastellists+before+1800&rft.edition=Online&rft.aulast=Jeffares&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pastellists.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89lisabeth+Vig%C3%A9e+Le+Brun" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181111173815/https://artuk.org/discover/artists/vigee-lebrun-elisabeth-louise-17551842">"Works of art by Vigée Le Brun in British Collections"</a>. Art UK. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artuk.org/discover/artists/vigee-lebrun-elisabeth-louise-17551842">the original</a> on 11 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Works+of+art+by+Vig%C3%A9e+Le+Brun+in+British+Collections&rft.pub=Art+UK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fartuk.org%2Fdiscover%2Fartists%2Fvigee-lebrun-elisabeth-louise-17551842&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89lisabeth+Vig%C3%A9e+Le+Brun" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19981205170835/http://www.batguano.com/vigee.html">"Gallery of works by Vigée Le Brun, articles, her memoirs, and biographical information"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.batguano.com/vigee.html">the original</a> on 5 December 1998.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gallery+of+works+by+Vig%C3%A9e+Le+Brun%2C+articles%2C+her+memoirs%2C+and+biographical+information&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.batguano.com%2Fvigee.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89lisabeth+Vig%C3%A9e+Le+Brun" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2016/vigee-le-brun">"Vigée Le Brun: Woman Artist in Revolutionary France"</a>. Metropolitan Museum of Art.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vig%C3%A9e+Le+Brun%3A+Woman+Artist+in+Revolutionary+France&rft.place=Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Fexhibitions%2Flistings%2F2016%2Fvigee-le-brun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89lisabeth+Vig%C3%A9e+Le+Brun" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/13345">Works by Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://manpodcast.com/portfolio/no-228-katharine-baetjer-nancy-princenthal/">Katherine Baetjer: "Vigée Le Brun: Woman Artist in Revolutionary France."</a>, <i>Modern Arts Notes Podcast</i></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiceHeartz2014" class="citation book cs1">Rice, John A.; Heartz, Daniel (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/9676638">"Elizabeth Vigée-Lebrun's Portrait of Giovanni Paisiello"</a>. In Wilcox, Beverly (ed.). <i>Artists and Musicians: Portrait Studies from the Rococo to the Revolution</i>. Ann Arbor: Steglein Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Elizabeth+Vig%C3%A9e-Lebrun%27s+Portrait+of+Giovanni+Paisiello&rft.btitle=Artists+and+Musicians%3A+Portrait+Studies+from+the+Rococo+to+the+Revolution&rft.place=Ann+Arbor&rft.pub=Steglein+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=John+A.&rft.au=Heartz%2C+Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F9676638&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89lisabeth+Vig%C3%A9e+Le+Brun" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun" title="Template:Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun" title="Template talk:Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:%C3%89lisabeth_Vig%C3%A9e_Le_Brun" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Élisabeth_Vigée_Le_Brun" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paintings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Peace_Bringing_Back_Abundance" title="Peace Bringing Back Abundance">Peace Bringing Back Abundance</a></i> (1780)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Self-Portrait_in_a_Straw_Hat" title="Self-Portrait in a Straw Hat">Self-Portrait in a Straw Hat</a></i> (c. 1782)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette_with_a_Rose" title="Marie Antoinette with a Rose">Marie Antoinette with a Rose</a></i> (1783)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Grand#1783_portrait" title="Catherine Grand">Madame Grand</a></i> (1783)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette_and_Her_Children" title="Marie Antoinette and Her Children">Marie Antoinette and Her Children</a></i> (1787)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Self-Portrait_with_Julie_(Maternal_Tenderness)" title="Self-Portrait with Julie (Maternal Tenderness)">Self-Portrait with Julie (Maternal Tenderness)</a></i> (1787)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Muhammad_Dervish_Khan" title="Portrait of Muhammad Dervish Khan">Portrait of Muhammad Dervish Khan</a></i> (1788)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Comtesse_de_la_Ch%C3%A2tre" title="Comtesse de la Châtre">Comtesse de la Châtre</a></i> (1789)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Self-Portrait_with_Julie_(Self-Portrait_%C3%A0_la_Greque)" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-Portrait with Julie (Self-Portrait à la Greque)">Self-Portrait with Julie (Self-Portrait à la Greque)</a></i> (1789)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Self-Portrait_Painting_Marie_Antoinette" title="Self-Portrait Painting Marie Antoinette">Self-Portrait Painting Marie Antoinette</a></i> (1790)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Countess_Yekaterina_Skavronskaya" title="Portrait of Countess Yekaterina Skavronskaya">Portrait of Countess Yekaterina Skavronskaya</a></i> (1790)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Princess_Maria_Christina" title="Portrait of Princess Maria Christina">Portrait of Princess Maria Christina</a></i> (c. 1790)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_Countess_Yekaterina_von_Engelhardt" title="Portrait of Countess Yekaterina von Engelhardt">Portrait of Countess Yekaterina von Engelhardt</a></i> (1796)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Madame_de_Sta%C3%ABl_as_Corinne_at_Cape_Miseno" title="Madame de Staël as Corinne at Cape Miseno">Madame de Staël as Corinne at Cape Miseno</a></i> (1807–1809)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portrayals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Interior_of_an_Atelier_of_a_Woman_Painter_(Lemoine)" title="The Interior of an Atelier of a Woman Painter (Lemoine)"><i>The Interior of an Atelier of a Woman Painter</i> (Lemoine)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Le_Brun" title="Julie Le Brun">Julie Le Brun</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste-Pierre_Lebrun" title="Jean-Baptiste-Pierre Lebrun">Jean-Baptiste-Pierre Lebrun</a> (husband)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Vig%C3%A9e" title="Louis Vigée">Louis Vigeé</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Vig%C3%A9e" title="Étienne Vigée">Étienne Vigée</a> (brother)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213163#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213163#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213163#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12105724r">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12105724r">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36535545">Australia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500010070">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/80953">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/95b2b02a-f3a0-4838-a6ca-9d6adc6eb772">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1278546">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118768417.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6wq0qj0">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.tepapa.govt.nz/agent/56360">Te Papa (New Zealand)</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Élisabeth_Vigée_Le_Brun&oldid=1262193242">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Élisabeth_Vigée_Le_Brun&oldid=1262193242</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1755_births" title="Category:1755 births">1755 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1842_deaths" title="Category:1842 deaths">1842 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