CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=5.0"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <title>Amazon Games opens Montreal studio | GamesIndustry.biz</title> <meta property="og:description" content="Amazon Games has announced the opening of its new Canadian studio, based in Montreal. The studio will be focusing on a …"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="GamesIndustry.biz"> <meta property="og:title" content="Amazon Games opens Montreal studio"> <meta property="og:type" content="article"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.gamesindustry.biz/amazon-games-opens-montreal-studio"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://assetsio.gnwcdn.com/Amazon_Games_Montreal_Studio.jpeg?width=1200&height=630&fit=crop&enable=upscale&auto=webp"> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2021-03-23T15:00:00+00:00"> <meta property="article:tag" content="Publishing"> <meta property="article:tag" content="Amazon Game Studios"> <meta property="article:tag" content="Development"> <meta name="description" content="Amazon Games has announced the opening of its new Canadian studio, based in Montreal. The studio will be focusing on a …"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Amazon Games has announced the opening of its new Canadian studio, based in Montreal. The studio will be focusing on a …"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Amazon Games opens Montreal studio"> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://assetsio.gnwcdn.com/Amazon_Games_Montreal_Studio.jpeg?width=1200&height=600&fit=crop&enable=upscale&auto=webp"> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@GIBiz"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@GIBiz"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/static/0f7ec083d1eb5497c6729d18914d143f/icon/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="48x48" href="/static/0f7ec083d1eb5497c6729d18914d143f/icon/favicon-48x48.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/static/0f7ec083d1eb5497c6729d18914d143f/icon/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/static/0f7ec083d1eb5497c6729d18914d143f/icon/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/static/0f7ec083d1eb5497c6729d18914d143f/icon/favicon.ico"> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "NewsArticle", "articleSection": "News", "author": {"@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Person", "description": "Marie joined GamesIndustry.biz in 2019 to head its Academy section. A journalist since 2012, she started in games in 2016. She can be found (rarely) tweeting @mariedeal, usually on a loop about Baldur\u2019s Gate and the Dead Cells soundtrack. GI resident Moomins expert.", "email": "marie.dealessandri@gamesindustry.biz", "image": "https://assets.gnwcdn.com/Marie-headshot.jpg", "jobTitle": "Deputy Editor", "name": "Marie Dealessandri", "url": ["https://www.gamesindustry.biz/authors/marie-dealessandri", "https://bsky.app/profile/mariedeal.bsky.social", "https://www.linkedin.com/in/mariedealessandri/", "https://twitter.com/mariedeal"], "worksFor": {"@type": "Organization", "name": "GamesIndustry.biz", "url": "https://www.gamesindustry.biz"}}, "datePublished": "2021-03-23T15:00:00+00:00", "headline": "Amazon Games opens Montreal studio", "image": ["https://assetsio.gnwcdn.com/Amazon_Games_Montreal_Studio.jpeg?width=1200\u0026height=1200\u0026fit=crop\u0026quality=100\u0026format=png\u0026enable=upscale\u0026auto=webp", "https://assetsio.gnwcdn.com/Amazon_Games_Montreal_Studio.jpeg?width=1200\u0026height=900\u0026fit=crop\u0026quality=100\u0026format=png\u0026enable=upscale\u0026auto=webp", "https://assetsio.gnwcdn.com/Amazon_Games_Montreal_Studio.jpeg?width=1600\u0026height=900\u0026fit=crop\u0026quality=100\u0026format=png\u0026enable=upscale\u0026auto=webp"], "inLanguage": "en", "keywords": ["Amazon Game Studios", "Development", "Publishing"], "mainEntityOfPage": "https://www.gamesindustry.biz/amazon-games-opens-montreal-studio", "publisher": {"@type": "NewsMediaOrganization", "actionableFeedbackPolicy": "https://www.gamesindustry.biz/editorial-policy#editorial-content", "contactPoint": {"@type": "ContactPoint", "url": "https://www.gamesindustry.biz/contact-us"}, "correctionsPolicy": "https://www.gamesindustry.biz/editorial-policy#editorial-content", "diversityPolicy": "https://www.ziffdavis.com/esg-diversity", "diversityStaffingReport": "https://s28.q4cdn.com/801973343/files/doc_downloads/Library/Ziff-Davis-2023-DEI-Report.pdf", "ethicsPolicy": "https://www.gamesindustry.biz/editorial-policy", "foundingDate": "2003-05-12", "logo": {"@type": "ImageObject", "height": 448, "url": "https://assets.gnwcdn.com/gamesindustry.webp", "width": 448}, "masthead": "https://www.gamesindustry.biz/about-us", "name": "GamesIndustry.biz", "ownershipFundingInfo": "https://www.gamesindustry.biz/editorial-policy#ownership", "parentOrganization": {"@type": "Corporation", "address": [{"@type": "PostalAddress", "addressCountry": "GB", "addressLocality": "London", "addressRegion": "Greater London", "postalCode": "E1 8AA", "streetAddress": "18 Mansell Street Level 3"}], "foundingDate": "1999-11-24", "name": "Gamer Network Limited", "url": "https://gamer.network"}, "url": "https://www.gamesindustry.biz/"}, "url": "https://www.gamesindustry.biz/amazon-games-opens-montreal-studio"} </script> <script type="application/ld+json"> {"@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [{"@type": "ListItem", "item": "https://www.gamesindustry.biz/", "name": "Home", "position": 1}, {"@type": "ListItem", "item": "https://www.gamesindustry.biz/archive/news", "name": "News", "position": 2}]} </script> <script> function enableElements() { if (!window.BrockmanAllowedCookies?.targeting) return; document.querySelectorAll('iframe[data-src], script[data-src], img[data-src]').forEach((el) => { if (el.src !== el.dataset.src) el.setAttribute('src', el.dataset.src); }); hideTargetingEmbedPlaceholders(); } function showVisibleEmbedPlaceholders() { Object.keys(window.BrockmanAllowedCookies || {}).forEach((type) => { if (!window.BrockmanAllowedCookies[type]) showEmbedPlaceholders(type); }); } function showEmbedPlaceholders(type) { document.querySelectorAll('.embed_placeholder').forEach((el) => { el.style.display = ''; }); } function hidePerformanceEmbedPlaceholders() { hideEmbedPlaceholders('performance'); } function hideFunctionalEmbedPlaceholders() { hideEmbedPlaceholders('functional'); } function hideTargetingEmbedPlaceholders() { hideEmbedPlaceholders('targeting'); } function hideEmbedPlaceholders(type) { if (!window.BrockmanAllowedCookies || !window.BrockmanAllowedCookies[type]) return; const identifier = '.embed_placeholder' + (type ? '[data-type="' + type + '"]' : ''); document.querySelectorAll(identifier).forEach((el) => { el.style.display = 'none'; }); } function performanceCookiesAllowed() { window.dispatchEvent(new Event('BrockmanPerformanceCookiesAllowed')); hidePerformanceEmbedPlaceholders(); } function performanceCookiesDisallowed() { window.dispatchEvent(new Event('BrockmanPerformanceCookiesDisallowed')); } function functionalCookiesAllowed() { window.dispatchEvent(new Event('BrockmanFunctionalCookiesAllowed')); hideFunctionalEmbedPlaceholders(); } function functionalCookiesDisallowed() { window.dispatchEvent(new Event('BrockmanFunctionalCookiesDisallowed')); } function targetingCookiesAllowed() { window.dispatchEvent(new Event('BrockmanTargetingCookiesAllowed')); enableElements(); } function targetingCookiesDisallowed() { window.dispatchEvent(new Event('BrockmanTargetingCookiesDisallowed')); } </script> <link rel="preload" href="https://cdn.ziffstatic.com/jst/zdconsent.js" as="script"> <script type="text/javascript">window.zdconsent = window.zdconsent || {'run': [], 'cmd':[], 'useractioncomplete': [], 'analytics':[], 'functional':[], 'social':[] };</script> <script type="text/javascript" id="zdconsent" src="https://cdn.ziffstatic.com/jst/zdconsent.js" async="true"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.BrockmanAllowedCookies = { performance: false, functional: false, targeting: false, }; window.zdconsent.run.push(function() { if(window.zdconsent.gdprApplies) { window.zdconsent.useractioncomplete.push(function() { if (window.zdconsent.optins['ga']) { window.BrockmanAllowedCookies.performance = true; window.BrockmanAllowedCookies.functional = true; } __tcfapi('addEventListener', 2, (tcData, success) => { if (success) { window.consentString = tcData.tcString; window.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('BrockmanTCFConsent', { detail: tcData })); if (tcData?.purpose?.consents[2]) { window.BrockmanAllowedCookies.targeting = true; } } else { window.dispatchEvent(new Event('BrockmanTCFOptOut')); } }); showVisibleEmbedPlaceholders(); window.BrockmanAllowedCookies.performance ? performanceCookiesAllowed() : performanceCookiesDisallowed(); window.BrockmanAllowedCookies.functional ? functionalCookiesAllowed() : functionalCookiesDisallowed(); window.BrockmanAllowedCookies.targeting ? targetingCookiesAllowed() : targetingCookiesDisallowed(); }); } else { window.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('BrockmanTCFConsent', { detail: '' })); if (window.zdconsent.optins['ga']) { window.BrockmanAllowedCookies.performance = true; window.BrockmanAllowedCookies.functional = true; } if (window.zdconsent.optins['core']) { window.BrockmanAllowedCookies.targeting = true; } showVisibleEmbedPlaceholders(); window.BrockmanAllowedCookies.performance ? performanceCookiesAllowed() : performanceCookiesDisallowed(); window.BrockmanAllowedCookies.functional ? functionalCookiesAllowed() : functionalCookiesDisallowed(); window.BrockmanAllowedCookies.targeting ? targetingCookiesAllowed() : targetingCookiesDisallowed(); } }); </script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({"content": {"articleAuthor": "Marie Dealessandri", "articleTitle": "Amazon Games opens Montreal studio", "articleTopic": "amazongamestudios,development,publishing", "articleType": "news", "articleVideoCount": 0, "articleWordCount": 345, "hasComments": false, "id": "8f1764e0-57dd-47f6-9ff9-1b293227c5d9", "isLiveblog": false, "onlineDate": "2021-03-23", "pageNumber": 1, "paywall": false, "updatedDate": "2021-03-23"}, "page": {"name": "article"}, "site": {"name": "GamesIndustry.biz", "type": "reedpop:digital:gaming-popverse"}, "visitor": {"userType": "anonymous"}}); </script> <script> window.addEventListener('mainScripts', () => { if ('getCountryCode' in window) { const country = window.getCountryCode(); const enabledCountries = 'US, GB'.split(',').map((c) => c.trim()); if (enabledCountries.includes(country)) { !function(e,o,n,i){if(!e){e=e||{},window.permutive=e,e.q=[];var t=function(){return([1e7]+-1e3+-4e3+-8e3+-1e11).replace(/[018]/g,function(e){return(e^(window.crypto||window.msCrypto).getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(1))[0]&15>>e/4).toString(16)})};e.config=i||{},e.config.apiKey=o,e.config.workspaceId=n,e.config.environment=e.config.environment||"production",(window.crypto||window.msCrypto)&&(e.config.viewId=t());for(var g=["addon","identify","track","trigger","query","segment","segments","ready","on","once","user","consent"],r=0;r<g.length;r++){var w=g[r];e[w]=function(o){return function(){var n=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,0);e.q.push({functionName:o,arguments:n})}}(w)}}}(window.permutive,"394f5b6d-4224-4a63-9ca8-964c7ebc364e","0f73e92f-4074-4fe3-85d3-ed3fc969859e",{"consentRequired": true}); window.googletag=window.googletag||{},window.googletag.cmd=window.googletag.cmd||[],window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){if(0===window.googletag.pubads().getTargeting("permutive").length){var e=window.localStorage.getItem("_pdfps");window.googletag.pubads().setTargeting("permutive",e?JSON.parse(e):[]);var o=window.localStorage.getItem("permutive-id");o&&(window.googletag.pubads().setTargeting("puid",o),window.googletag.pubads().setTargeting("ptime",Date.now().toString())),window.permutive.config.viewId&&window.googletag.pubads().setTargeting("prmtvvid",window.permutive.config.viewId),window.permutive.config.workspaceId&&window.googletag.pubads().setTargeting("prmtvwid",window.permutive.config.workspaceId)}}); window.permutive.readyWithTimeout=function(e,i,t){var u=!1,n=function(){u||(e(),u=!0)};(t=t||1/0)!==1/0&&window.setTimeout(n,t),permutive.ready(n,i)}; permutive.addon('web', { 'page': {"article": {"author": "Marie Dealessandri", "date_published": "2021-03-23T15:00:00+00:00", "type": "News"}, "classifications_watson": {"categories": "$alchemy_taxonomy", "keywords": "$alchemy_keywords"}, "companies": ["Amazon Game Studios"], "topics": ["Publishing", "Development"], "user": {"logged_in": false, "subscriber": false}}, }); function permutiveOptIn() { permutive.consent({ "opt_in": true, "token": "CONSENT_CAPTURED" }); } function permutiveOptOut() { permutive.consent({ "opt_in": false }); } function permutiveIdentify() { const identifiers = []; permutive.identify(identifiers); } window.addEventListener('BrockmanTargetingCookiesAllowed', (e) => { permutiveOptIn(); }); const scriptEl = document.createElement('script'); scriptEl.src = "https://0f73e92f-4074-4fe3-85d3-ed3fc969859e.edge.permutive.app/0f73e92f-4074-4fe3-85d3-ed3fc969859e-web.js"; scriptEl.async = true; document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(scriptEl); } } }); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-F7NJLZLLD2"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag() { window.dataLayer.push(arguments); } gtag('consent', 'default', { 'ad_storage': 'denied', 'analytics_storage': 'denied', 'ad_user_data': 'denied', 'ad_personalization': 'denied', 'wait_for_update': 500, }); gtag('js', new Date()); const options = {'dimension4': '0', 'dimension5': '0', 'dimension1': 'news', 'dimension2': 'amazongamestudios,development,publishing', 'dimension3': 'Marie Dealessandri', 'dimension7': '2021-03-23', 'article_title': 'Amazon Games opens Montreal studio'}; options['link_attribution'] = true; gtag('config', 'G-F7NJLZLLD2', options); function updateGoogleAnalyticsConsent() { gtag('consent', 'update', { 'ad_storage': 'granted', 'analytics_storage': 'granted', 'ad_user_data': 'granted', 'ad_personalization': 'granted', }); } function updateGoogleAnalyticsConsentAnonymous() { gtag('consent', 'update', { 'ad_storage': 'denied', 'analytics_storage': 'denied', 'ad_user_data': 'denied', 'ad_personalization': 'denied', }); } window.addEventListener('BrockmanPerformanceCookiesAllowed', (e) => { updateGoogleAnalyticsConsent(); }); </script> <script> window.sendBrockmanAnalyticsEvent = (category, action, name, value) => { const data = [category, action, name, value].filter(a => a !== undefined); window._paq = window._paq || []; window._paq.push(['trackEvent', ...data]); gtag('event', action, { event_category: category, event_label: name, value, }); }; </script> <script type='text/javascript'> { let chartbeatDone = false; window._sf_async_config = window._sf_async_config || {}; _sf_async_config.uid = 21105; _sf_async_config.domain = 'www.gamesindustry.biz'; _sf_async_config.flickerControl = false; _sf_async_config.useCanonical = true; _sf_async_config.useCanonicalDomain = true; _sf_async_config.authors = "Marie Dealessandri"; _sf_async_config.sections = "amazongamestudios,article,development,news,publishing"; const appendChartbeat = () => { if (chartbeatDone) return; const head = document.querySelector('head'); ['chartbeat_mab.js', 'chartbeat.js'].forEach((script) => { const el = document.createElement('script'); el.type = 'text/javascript'; el.async = true; el.src = `https://static.chartbeat.com/js/${script}`; head.append(el); }); chartbeatDone = true; }; window.addEventListener('BrockmanPerformanceCookiesAllowed', appendChartbeat); window.addEventListener('BrockmanPerformanceCookiesDisallowed', () => { _sf_async_config.noCookies = true; appendChartbeat(); }); } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> const runPiwik = (window, document, dataLayerName, id) => { window[dataLayerName]=window[dataLayerName]||[],window[dataLayerName].push({start:(new Date).getTime(),event:"stg.start"});var scripts=document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0],tags=document.createElement('script'); function stgCreateCookie(a,b,c){var d="";if(c){var e=new Date;e.setTime(e.getTime()+24*c*60*60*1e3),d="; expires="+e.toUTCString();f="; SameSite=Strict"}document.cookie=a+"="+b+d+f+"; path=/"} var isStgDebug=(window.location.href.match("stg_debug")||document.cookie.match("stg_debug"))&&!window.location.href.match("stg_disable_debug");stgCreateCookie("stg_debug",isStgDebug?1:"",isStgDebug?14:-1); var qP=[];dataLayerName!=="dataLayer"&&qP.push("data_layer_name="+dataLayerName),isStgDebug&&qP.push("stg_debug");var qPString=qP.length>0?("?"+qP.join("&")):""; tags.async=!0,tags.src="https://rxreedpop.containers.piwik.pro/"+id+".js"+qPString,scripts.parentNode.insertBefore(tags,scripts); !function(a,n,i){a[n]=a[n]||{};for(var c=0;c<i.length;c++)!function(i){a[n][i]=a[n][i]||{},a[n][i].api=a[n][i].api||function(){var a=[].slice.call(arguments,0);"string"==typeof a[0]&&window[dataLayerName].push({event:n+"."+i+":"+a[0],parameters:[].slice.call(arguments,1)})}}(i[c])}(window,"ppms",["tm","cm"]); }; runPiwik(window, document, 'dataLayer', '30ac83e6-100b-42c3-a3f3-d8bb4f810ed1'); </script> <script> document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { const sendAnalyticsEvent = (action, label=null, position=null, category='navigation') => { const data = [category, action]; if (label) data.push(label); if (label && Number.isInteger(position)) data.push(position); if ('sendBrockmanAnalyticsEvent' in window) window.sendBrockmanAnalyticsEvent(...data); }; const sendAnalyticsPageScrollEvent = (distance, action='article-content') => { if ('sendBrockmanAnalyticsEvent' in window) window.sendBrockmanAnalyticsEvent('custom page scroll', action, distance); }; const registerClicks = (selector, action, labelOverride=null, position=null, parent=document) => { parent.querySelectorAll(selector).forEach((item, index) => { item.addEventListener('click', () => { const label = getLabel(item, labelOverride); sendAnalyticsEvent(action, label.join(' | '), position); }); }); }; const getLabel = (el, labelOverride) => { const label = [labelOverride || el.textContent.trim()]; const href = el.getAttribute('href'); if (href) { let url; try { url = new URL(href); } catch { url = window.location.origin + href; } label.push(url); } return label; } const registerSectionClicks = (selector, action) => { document.querySelectorAll(selector).forEach((section) => { const sectionTitle = section.querySelector('.section_title'); const label = sectionTitle ? sectionTitle.textContent.trim() : 'no label'; section.querySelectorAll('.summary').forEach((summary, position) => { registerClicks('a', action, label, position + 1, summary); }); }); }; registerClicks('.app_header .nav_primary a', 'main navigation menu'); registerClicks('.app_header .nav_trending a', 'main navigation menu', labelOverride='Trending'); registerClicks('.app_header .nav_archives a', 'main navigation menu', labelOverride='Platform'); registerClicks('.app_header .nav_secondary a', 'sub navigation menu'); registerSectionClicks('#content_below .page_content section', 'article shelf click'); registerClicks('.page_content .article_body_content a:not([data-lightbox]):not([data-recommendation])', 'article body click'); registerClicks('.page_content .article_body_content a[data-keyword]', 'article body keyword click'); const article = document.querySelector('.article'); if (article) { let articleScroll50 = false; const articleScrollHandler = () => { const { height, top } = article.getBoundingClientRect(); const scrollTop = top * -1 + window.innerHeight / 2; const scrollDistance = scrollTop / height; if (!articleScroll50 && scrollDistance >= 0.5) { sendAnalyticsPageScrollEvent('50%'); articleScroll50 = true; } if (scrollDistance >= 1) { sendAnalyticsPageScrollEvent('100%'); window.removeEventListener('scroll', articleScrollHandler); } }; window.addEventListener('scroll', articleScrollHandler, { passive: true }); } const linkElements = document.querySelectorAll('a[data-dtm], button[data-dtm]'); if (linkElements.length > 0) { linkElements.forEach((el) => { const action = el.dataset.dtm; if (action) { const label = getLabel(el); el.addEventListener('click', () => { sendAnalyticsEvent(action, label.join(' | '), position=null, category='conversion driver'); }); } }); } const searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); const eventCategory = searchParams.get('event_category'); const eventAction = searchParams.get('event_action'); if (eventCategory && eventAction) sendAnalyticsEvent(eventAction, null, null, eventCategory); gtag('event', 'page_view_tracker', {"author": "Marie Dealessandri", "brand": "", "content_category": "News", "content_id": "8f1764e0-57dd-47f6-9ff9-1b293227c5d9", "content_title": "Amazon Games opens Montreal studio", "content_type": "Article", "event": "", "object_id": "", "object_name": "", "page": "/amazon-games-opens-montreal-studio", "pagetype": "article", "publish_date": "03-23-2021", "pvt": 1, "tags": "amazongamestudios,development,publishing", "user_group": "anonymous"}); }); </script> <script> window.mainScriptsEvent = document.createEvent('CustomEvent'); window.mainScriptsEvent.initCustomEvent('mainScripts'); </script> <script defer src="/static/0f7ec083d1eb5497c6729d18914d143f/js/main.min.js" onload="window.dispatchEvent(window.mainScriptsEvent)"></script> <script> window.addEventListener('mainScripts', function() { if (!window.BrockmanLazyLoad) return; window.brockmanLazyLoad = new BrockmanLazyLoad(); }); </script> <script> window.addEventListener('mainScripts', () => { if (!window.BrockmanLightbox) return; window.brockmanLightbox = new BrockmanLightbox(); window.brockmanLightbox.run(); }); </script> <script> window.addEventListener("mainScripts", () => { storage = new BrockmanInterestsStorage({ csrf: "", site: "gamesindustry-biz", all_follows_url: "/mypop/all-follows", follow_url: "/mypop/follow", follow_with_suggested_url: "/mypop/follow/suggested", unfollow_url: "/mypop/unfollow", logged_in: false, }); mypop = new BrockmanMyPop({ site: "gamesindustry-biz", defaultFollow: "Follow", defaultFollowing: "Following", defaultUnfollow: "Unfollow", defaultUnfollowed: "Unfollowed", loggedIn: false, loginURL: "/community/auth/start?next=/amazon-games-opens-montreal-studio", interests_storage: storage, loc: { error: "Error", }, }); }); </script> <script> window.addEventListener('mainScripts', function() { const containers = document.querySelectorAll('.truncated_text_wrapper'); containers.forEach((container) => { const button = container.querySelector('.read_more'); const fullDescription = container.querySelector('.full_description'); const truncatedDescription = container.querySelector('.truncated_description'); if (button && fullDescription && truncatedDescription) { button.addEventListener('click', function(e) { truncatedDescription.classList.toggle('hidden'); fullDescription.classList.toggle('hidden'); button.remove(); }); } }); }); </script> <script> window.addEventListener('mainScripts', function() { window.BrockmanAutoTimeZone = new BrockmanAutoTimeZone({ language: 'en', loc: { justNow: 'Just now', } }); window.BrockmanAutoTimeZone.run(); }); </script> <script> const buildGalleries = () => { if (!window.BrockmanGallery) return; document.querySelectorAll('.gallery:not([data-init])').forEach((target) => { const gallery = new BrockmanGallery({ target, }); gallery.run(); }); }; window.addEventListener('mainScripts', buildGalleries); </script> <script> window.commercialScriptsEvent = document.createEvent('CustomEvent'); window.commercialScriptsEvent.initCustomEvent('commercialScripts'); </script> <script defer src="/static/0f7ec083d1eb5497c6729d18914d143f/js/commercial.min.js" onload="window.dispatchEvent(window.commercialScriptsEvent)"></script> <meta name="pbstck_context:pbstck_ab_test" content="test-gamesindustry-bizNewAdScriptDisabled"/> <link rel="preload" href="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js" as="script"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://pg.ignimgs.com/pogoadkit.js" async="true"></script> <script> function appendBrockmanAds() { const adConfig = { customVariables: {"logged_in": "false", "source": "article", "tags": ["amazongamestudios", "development", "news", "publishing"], "version": "hd"}, baseUri: 'https://www.gamesindustry.biz', canonicalUrl: 'https://www.gamesindustry.biz/amazon-games-opens-montreal-studio', device: 'hd', runUAM: false, runPrebid: false, permutiveTimeout: 0, biddingTimeout: 1400, prebidTimeout: 1500, prebidLib: '', prebidConfig: {}, teadsIdOverride: '', runAnonymised: false, stickySidebar: true, appendSidebarAds: true, stickyViewports: 2, lazyloadDefaultSpacer: 800, lazyloadSpacerMobile: 800, viewportMultiplierMobile: 1, adObserverViewports: 1.8, adObserverMobileMultiplier: 2.0, advertHeader: 'Advertisement', countryCode: 'getCountryCode' in window ? window.getCountryCode() : '', floorPrices: { defaultFloorprice: 0.05, usFloorprice: 0.4, ukFloorprice: 0.3, aucaFloorprice: 0.2, euFloorprice: 0.1, }, refreshAdsConfig: { enabled: false, maxRefreshes: 10, conversantRate: 30000, refreshableAdvertIds: [ 0, 220082044, 78946204, 2925170143, 2984552083, 74678524, 74398204, 5039755858, 4887123045 ], refreshDirect: false, directMobileRate: 30000, overrideRate: 0, threshold: 0.5, }, runAutoSlotsEverywhere: false, primisPlacementId: '', primisPlaylistPlacementId: '', primisStyling: false, videoPlaylist: false, videoPlaylistArticles: false, videoPlaylistTitle: '', videoPlaylistID: '', videoPlaylistGamesList: {}, useArticleVideoLayout: false, articleType: 'news', articlePublishedDate: '2021-03-23 15:00:00+00:00', inlineInto: '', insertInto: '.gn_sidebar', firstMobileAd: 'GI_MPU_MOB', dynamicAd: 'GI_Lazy_Load', dynamicAdDesktop: '', stickyAd: 'GI_STICKY_LB', lowLeaderboard: 'GI_LB_2', runQuokkster: false, articleAutoPoll: true, articleVideoAutoInject: true, apesterToken: '', apesterDesktop: '.article_body_content', apesterDesktopOnly: false, outbrainDesktopWidgetId: '', outbrainMobileWidgetId: '', mobileInReadId: '', desktopInReadId: '', gdprApplies: window.zdconsent.gdprApplies, adRenderedCallback: (slotName, event) => { if (!event.isEmpty) return; const ad = document.getElementById(slotName); if (ad && ad.dataset.dfpCollapse == 'true') ad.parentNode.style.display = 'none'; } } let cohorts = []; window.brockmanAds = new BrockmanAds('.advert', adConfig, cohorts); window.brockmanAds.init(); window.brockmanAdsDone = true; } const brockmanAdsReady = { commercialScriptLoaded: false, consent: false, } const updateBrockmanAdsReady = () => { if (brockmanAdsReady.commercialScriptLoaded && brockmanAdsReady.consent) { if (window.brockmanAdsDone) return; appendBrockmanAds(); } }; window.addEventListener('BrockmanTCFConsent', (e) => { brockmanAdsReady.consent = true; updateBrockmanAdsReady(); }); window.addEventListener('commercialScripts', (e) => { brockmanAdsReady.commercialScriptLoaded = true; updateBrockmanAdsReady(); }); </script> <script> var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: '2', c2: '8518622', cs_ucfr: '', options: { enableFirstPartyCookie: true } }); function appendComscore(cs_ucfr_value) { (self.COMSCORE && COMSCORE.beacon({ c1: "2", c2: "8518622", options: { enableFirstPartyCookie: true }, cs_ucfr: cs_ucfr_value })); if (window.comscoreDone) return; _comscore[0].cs_ucfr = cs_ucfr_value; const s = document.createElement("script"); const el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.type = 'text/javascript'; s.async = true; s.src = 'https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/cs/8518622/beacon.js'; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); window.comscoreDone = true; } window.addEventListener('BrockmanPerformanceCookiesDisallowed', () => appendComscore(0)); window.addEventListener('BrockmanPerformanceCookiesAllowed', () => appendComscore(1)); </script> <script> function appendSkimlinks() { if (window.skimlinksDone) return; const skimlinksScript = document.createElement('script'); skimlinksScript.type = 'text/javascript'; skimlinksScript.async = true; skimlinksScript.src = 'https://s.skimresources.com/js/87431X1540263.skimlinks.js'; document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(skimlinksScript); window.skimlinksDone = true; } window.addEventListener('BrockmanTargetingCookiesAllowed', appendSkimlinks); </script> <script> function appendFacebookPixels() { if (window.facebookPixelsDone) return; !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s) {if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)}; if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0'; n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script', 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); fbq('init', '1863210500478936'); fbq('track', 'PageView'); window.facebookPixelsDone = true; window.dispatchEvent(new Event('BrockmanFacebookPixelsEnabled')); } window.addEventListener('BrockmanTargetingCookiesAllowed', appendFacebookPixels); </script> <script> window.articleScriptsEvent = document.createEvent('CustomEvent'); window.articleScriptsEvent.initCustomEvent('articleScripts'); </script> <script defer src="/static/0f7ec083d1eb5497c6729d18914d143f/js/article.min.js" onload="window.dispatchEvent(window.articleScriptsEvent)"></script> <script> window.commentsScriptsEvent = document.createEvent('CustomEvent'); window.commentsScriptsEvent.initCustomEvent('commentsScripts'); </script> <script defer src="/static/0f7ec083d1eb5497c6729d18914d143f/js/comments.min.js" onload="window.dispatchEvent(window.commentsScriptsEvent)"></script> <script> const buildTables = () => window.brockmanTables && window.brockmanTables.addTables(); window.addEventListener('articleScripts', () => { if (!window.BrockmanTables) return; window.brockmanTables = new BrockmanTables({ device: 'hd', loc: { filter: "Filter table", nothingFound: "No rows match this search term.", reset: "Clear search", }, }); window.brockmanTables.register(); buildTables(); }); </script> <script> { const buildCopyToClipboard = () => { document.querySelectorAll('.copy_to_clipboard:not([data-init])').forEach((wrapper) => { const wrapperText = wrapper.textContent.trim(); wrapper.innerHTML = ''; const text = document.createElement('span'); text.classList.add('copy_text', 'overflow-shadow') text.innerText = wrapperText; const button = document.createElement('button'); button.innerText = 'Copy'; button.classList = 'copy_button'; wrapper.appendChild(text); wrapper.appendChild(button); button.addEventListener('click', (e) => { e.preventDefault(); navigator.clipboard.writeText(wrapperText); button.innerHTML = 'Copied!'; setTimeout(() => button.innerText = 'Copy', 1000); }); wrapper.dataset.init = true; }); }; document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', buildCopyToClipboard); } </script> <script> const buildCompetitions = () => { if (!window.BrockmanCompetition) return; document.querySelectorAll('.competition-container:not([data-init])').forEach((element) => { const competition = new BrockmanCompetition({ element, loc: { genericError: "Sorry, there was an error loading this content. Try reloading the page.", noAnswerError: "Select an answer.", submitError: "Sorry, there was an error. Try reloading the page.", successMessage: "We\u0027ve received your entry. Thanks for entering, and good luck!", }, }); competition.run(); }); }; window.addEventListener('articleScripts', buildCompetitions); </script> <script> const buildRecommendations = () => { if (!window.BrockmanRecommendations) return; const recommendations = new BrockmanRecommendations({ data: [{"strapline": "Mirai CEO Charity Joy was previously general manager at Criterion", "thumbnail": "https://assetsio.gnwcdn.com/charity-joy.webp?width=160\u0026height=90\u0026fit=crop\u0026quality=70\u0026format=jpg\u0026auto=webp", "title": "Scopely opens new studio in Saudi Arabia led by EA veteran", "url": "https://www.gamesindustry.biz/scopely-opens-new-studio-in-saudi-arabia-led-by-ea-veteran"}, {"strapline": "Investment will help firm expand the capabilities of its project management tool", "thumbnail": "https://assetsio.gnwcdn.com/codecks.jpg?width=160\u0026height=90\u0026fit=crop\u0026quality=70\u0026format=jpg\u0026auto=webp", "title": "Codecks secures \u20ac1m in funding", "url": "https://www.gamesindustry.biz/codecks-secures-1m-in-funding"}], loc: { label: 'Related', }, }); recommendations.run(); }; window.addEventListener('articleScripts', buildRecommendations); </script> <script> window.addEventListener('articleScripts', () => { if (!window.BrockmanEdmonds) return; window.brockmanEdmonds = new BrockmanEdmonds({ site: 'gamesindustry.biz', edmonds_url: 'https://edmonds.gamer-network.net', }); window.brockmanEdmonds.run(); }); </script> <style> a,abbr,acronym,address,applet,article,aside,audio,b,big,blockquote,body,canvas,caption,center,cite,code,dd,del,details,dfn,div,dl,dt,em,embed,fieldset,figcaption,figure,footer,form,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,header,hgroup,html,i,iframe,img,ins,kbd,label,legend,li,mark,menu,nav,object,ol,output,p,pre,q,ruby,s,samp,section,small,span,strike,strong,sub,summary,sup,table,tbody,td,tfoot,th,thead,time,tr,tt,u,ul,var,video{border:0;font-size:100%;font:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;vertical-align:baseline}article,aside,details,figcaption,figure,footer,header,hgroup,menu,nav,section{display:block}ol,ul{list-style:none}blockquote,q{quotes:none}blockquote:after,blockquote:before,q:after,q:before{content:"";content:none}table{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0}.button{--button-icon-size:1em;--button-icon-spacing:0.25em}.button.inline_icon .icon{float:left;height:var(--button-icon-size);margin-right:var(--button-icon-spacing);width:var(--button-icon-size)}.button.large{--button-icon-spacing:0.5em;--icon-mask-size:100%;padding:8px 16px;width:100%}.ad-choices,.ccpa-opt-out{float:right;margin-left:4px}.ccpa-opt-out{height:15px;width:32px}.ad-choices{height:15px;width:19px}.link{text-decoration:underline}.link--invert,.link:hover{text-decoration:none}.link--invert:hover{text-decoration:underline}.link--expand:before{bottom:0;content:"";left:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;z-index:1}.overflow-shadow{background-attachment:local,local,scroll,scroll;background-image:linear-gradient(to right,var(--overflow-shadow-background,#fff),var(--overflow-shadow-background,#fff)),linear-gradient(to right,var(--overflow-shadow-background,#fff),var(--overflow-shadow-background,#fff)),linear-gradient(to right,var(--overflow-shadow-color,rgba(0,0,0,.2)),var(--overflow-shadow-background,#fff)),linear-gradient(to left,var(--overflow-shadow-color,rgba(0,0,0,.2)),var(--overflow-shadow-background,#fff));background-position:0,100%,0,100%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:20px 100%,20px 100%,10px 100%,10px 100%;transition:background-image .15s ease-in-out}@media screen and (min-width:769px){.push_notification_wrapper#onesignal-slidedown-container{left:50%!important;right:auto!important;transform:translate(-50%)}}.push_notification_wrapper #onesignal-slidedown-dialog{padding:16px!important}@media screen and (min-width:769px){.push_notification_wrapper #onesignal-slidedown-dialog{margin:0!important;max-width:none!important;padding:32px 48px!important}}.push_notification_wrapper #normal-slidedown{-moz-column-gap:16px;column-gap:16px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:auto;row-gap:8px;width:100%}.push_notification_wrapper #normal-slidedown:has(.slidedown-body-icon){grid-template-columns:auto 1fr}.push_notification_wrapper #normal-slidedown.first-prompt #tagging-container{display:none!important}.push_notification_wrapper #normal-slidedown #slidedown-footer{align-items:center;display:grid;grid-template-columns:auto;justify-content:flex-start;grid-gap:16px}@media screen and (min-width:769px){.push_notification_wrapper #normal-slidedown #slidedown-footer{grid-template-columns:auto auto}}.push_notification_wrapper #normal-slidedown #tagging-container{margin:16px 0!important}.push_notification_wrapper #normal-slidedown #tagging-container .tagging-container-col{display:grid;padding-left:0!important;row-gap:8px}.push_notification_wrapper #normal-slidedown #tagging-container .tagging-container-col:empty{display:none}.push_notification_wrapper #normal-slidedown #tagging-container .onesignal-category-label{height:calc(1.5em + 4px)!important;line-height:calc(1.5em + 4px)!important;margin-bottom:0!important;padding-left:2.25em!important}.push_notification_wrapper #normal-slidedown #tagging-container .onesignal-checkmark{background-color:transparent!important;border:2px solid #172425}.push_notification_wrapper #normal-slidedown #tagging-container .onesignal-checkmark:after{border-color:#172425!important}.push_notification_wrapper #normal-slidedown .slidedown-body-message{cursor:auto!important;float:none!important;padding:0!important;text-wrap:pretty;-webkit-user-select:auto!important;-moz-user-select:auto!important;user-select:auto!important;width:100%!important}.push_notification_wrapper #normal-slidedown .slidedown-body-icon,.push_notification_wrapper #normal-slidedown .slidedown-body-icon img{height:100px!important;width:75px!important}.push_notification_wrapper #normal-slidedown .slidedown-body-icon img:not(.default-icon){-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover}.push_notification_wrapper #normal-slidedown .slidedown-body-icon{border-radius:8px;grid-row:span 2;margin:auto;overflow:hidden}@media screen and (min-width:769px){.push_notification_wrapper #normal-slidedown .slidedown-body-icon{margin:0}}.push_notification_wrapper #normal-slidedown .button{border:none!important;border-radius:0!important;box-shadow:none;font-size:14px!important;letter-spacing:normal!important;line-height:1!important}.push_notification_wrapper #normal-slidedown .button:hover{text-decoration:underline}.push_notification_wrapper #normal-slidedown .allow{background:#172425!important;color:#fff!important;padding:8px 16px!important}.push_notification_wrapper #normal-slidedown .allow .icon{background:currentColor;height:1em!important;margin-right:8px;-webkit-mask-size:100% 100%;mask-size:100% 100%;width:1em!important}.push_notification_wrapper #normal-slidedown .dismiss{background-image:none;color:#172425!important;font-size:14px!important;margin-right:auto!important;padding-inline:0!important}.push_notification_wrapper #normal-slidedown .dismiss:hover{background-color:transparent!important}.push_notification_wrapper .clearfix{display:none!important}#skip_to_main_content{background:#ffc20a;border:2px solid #000;border-radius:4px;color:#000;left:50%;margin:auto;padding:12px;position:absolute;text-decoration:underline;top:-1000px;transform:translateX(-50%);white-space:nowrap;z-index:999999}#skip_to_main_content:focus{top:0}.social_icons li{display:inline-block;margin:0 8px 8px 0}.social_icons .social_icon{--social-color:#172425;--icon-mask-size:50%;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid;border-radius:100%;color:var(--social-color);display:block;height:2rem;line-height:2rem;padding:0;text-align:center;width:2rem}.social_icons .social_icon[data-type=bluesky]{--social-color:#0a7aff}.social_icons .social_icon[data-type=facebook]{--social-color:#4267b2}.social_icons .social_icon[data-type=twitter]{--social-color:#000}.social_icons .social_icon[data-type=instagram]{--social-color:#405de6}.social_icons .social_icon[data-type=tumblr]{--social-color:#021a35}.social_icons .social_icon[data-type=pinterest]{--social-color:#e60023}.social_icons .social_icon[data-type=whatsapp]{--social-color:#25d366}.social_icons .social_icon[data-type=linkedin]{--social-color:#0e76a8}.social_icons .social_icon[data-type=reddit]{--social-color:#ff4500;--icon-mask-size:60%}.social_icons .social_icon[data-type=youtube]{--social-color:red}.social_icons .social_icon[data-type=threads],.social_icons .social_icon[data-type=tiktok]{--social-color:#000}.social_icons .social_icon[data-type=twitch]{--social-color:#9146ff}.social_icons .social_icon[data-type=rss]{--social-color:#ee802f}.social_icons .social_icon[data-type=mastodon]{--social-color:#6364ff}.social_icons .social_icon[data-type=wikipedia]{--social-color:#000}.social_icons .social_icon[data-type=email]{--social-color:#0072c6}.social_icons .social_icon[data-type=official_website]{--social-color:#172425}.social_icons .social_icon:hover{background:var(--social-color);color:#fff}button,input{border:none;color:inherit;padding:0}button,input[type=submit]{cursor:pointer}button,input,select{background:transparent;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}button:disabled,input:disabled,select:disabled{opacity:.35;pointer-events:none}iframe,img{display:block;max-width:100%}img{height:auto}.overflow-hidden{overflow:hidden}.hidden{display:none!important}#content_above,#content_below{overflow-wrap:break-word}#content_above table,#content_below table{overflow-wrap:normal}.inline-tags{margin:-4px;overflow:hidden}.inline-tags .button{float:left;margin:4px}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Baskerville;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/static/fonts/baskerville/baskerville-regular.eot);src:local(""),url(/static/fonts/baskerville/baskerville-regular.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(/static/fonts/baskerville/baskerville-regular.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/static/fonts/baskerville/baskerville-regular.woff) format("woff"),url(/static/fonts/baskerville/baskerville-regular.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Baskerville;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(/static/fonts/baskerville/baskerville-bold.eot);src:local(""),url(/static/fonts/baskerville/baskerville-bold.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(/static/fonts/baskerville/baskerville-bold.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/static/fonts/baskerville/baskerville-bold.woff) format("woff"),url(/static/fonts/baskerville/baskerville-bold.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Baskerville;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;src:url(/static/fonts/baskerville/baskerville-italic.eot);src:local(""),url(/static/fonts/baskerville/baskerville-italic.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(/static/fonts/baskerville/baskerville-italic.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/static/fonts/baskerville/baskerville-italic.woff) format("woff"),url(/static/fonts/baskerville/baskerville-italic.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Bronkoh;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/static/fonts/bronkoh/bronkoh-regular.eot);src:local(""),url(/static/fonts/bronkoh/bronkoh-regular.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(/static/fonts/bronkoh/bronkoh-regular.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/static/fonts/bronkoh/bronkoh-regular.woff) format("woff"),url(/static/fonts/bronkoh/bronkoh-regular.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Bronkoh;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(/static/fonts/bronkoh/bronkoh-bold.eot);src:local(""),url(/static/fonts/bronkoh/bronkoh-bold.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(/static/fonts/bronkoh/bronkoh-bold.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/static/fonts/bronkoh/bronkoh-bold.woff) format("woff"),url(/static/fonts/bronkoh/bronkoh-bold.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Bronkoh;font-style:normal;font-weight:300;src:url(/static/fonts/bronkoh/bronkoh-light.eot);src:local(""),url(/static/fonts/bronkoh/bronkoh-light.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(/static/fonts/bronkoh/bronkoh-light.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/static/fonts/bronkoh/bronkoh-light.woff) format("woff"),url(/static/fonts/bronkoh/bronkoh-light.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{font-display:swap;font-family:Bronkoh;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;src:url(/static/fonts/bronkoh/bronkoh-italic.eot);src:local(""),url(/static/fonts/bronkoh/bronkoh-italic.eot?#iefix) format("embedded-opentype"),url(/static/fonts/bronkoh/bronkoh-italic.woff2) format("woff2"),url(/static/fonts/bronkoh/bronkoh-italic.woff) format("woff"),url(/static/fonts/bronkoh/bronkoh-italic.ttf) format("truetype")}@font-face{ascent-override:87%;descent-override:27%;font-family:fallback-font-serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;size-adjust:104%;src:local("Georgia"),local("serif")}@font-face{ascent-override:79%;descent-override:25%;font-family:fallback-font-serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;size-adjust:116%;src:local("Georgia"),local("serif")}@font-face{ascent-override:91%;descent-override:28%;font-family:fallback-font-serif;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;size-adjust:97%;src:local("Georgia"),local("serif")}@font-face{ascent-override:110%;descent-override:38%;font-family:fallback-font-sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;size-adjust:80%;src:local("Verdana"),local("Arial"),local("sans-serif")}@font-face{ascent-override:114%;descent-override:34%;font-family:fallback-font-sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;size-adjust:80.5%;src:local("Verdana"),local("Arial"),local("sans-serif")}@font-face{ascent-override:115%;descent-override:40%;font-family:fallback-font-sans-serif;font-style:normal;font-weight:300;size-adjust:78%;src:local("Verdana"),local("Arial"),local("sans-serif")}@font-face{ascent-override:130%;font-family:fallback-font-sans-serif;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;size-adjust:78.7%;src:local("Verdana"),local("Arial"),local("sans-serif")}.button{background:#fff;border:1px solid;color:#767573;display:inline-block;font-family:Bronkoh,fallback-font-sans-serif,sans-serif;font-size:21px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;padding:.5em .75em;text-align:center}.button:hover{text-decoration:underline}.button.small{font-size:15px}.button.active:not(.outline){background:#172425;border-color:#172425;color:#fff}.button.outline{background:transparent;color:#e02f32}.button.outline.active{background:#e02f32;border-color:#e02f32;color:#fff}.button.inverted.outline{color:#fff}.button.inverted:not(.outline){background:#fff;border-color:#fff;color:#767573}.button.close,.button.next,.button.pagination_button,.button.previous{background:#fff}.button.close:hover,.button.next:hover,.button.pagination_button:hover,.button.previous:hover{background:#767573;color:#fff}.button_group{display:flex}.button_group:not(.tabbed){grid-gap:8px}@media screen and (min-width:375px){.button_group.tabbed .button:not(:first-of-type){border-bottom-left-radius:0;border-top-left-radius:0}.button_group.tabbed .button:not(:last-of-type){border-bottom-right-radius:0;border-top-right-radius:0}}#ot-sdk-btn{font-family:Bronkoh,fallback-font-sans-serif,sans-serif}.thumbnail_image{height:auto;width:100%}.placeholder{background-image:url(/static/img/placeholder.png);background-position:50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:cover;display:block;height:100%;width:100%}.avatar,.placeholder{background-color:#f2f1ef}.avatar{border-radius:50%;overflow:hidden}.avatar .avatar_image{display:block;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover}.avatar .placeholder{background-size:400%}.thumbnail{background-color:#f2f1ef;height:0;padding-top:56.25%;position:relative;width:100%}.thumbnail .placeholder,.thumbnail amp-img,.thumbnail img{bottom:0;left:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:0}.thumbnail amp-img,.thumbnail img{height:100%;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;width:100%}figure img{background:#f2f1ef}.live_blinker{align-items:center;color:#e02f32;display:flex;font-size:16px;font-weight:400;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase}.live_blinker:before{animation:fade 1.25s ease-out infinite alternate;background:currentColor;border-radius:50%;content:"";height:.75em;margin-right:.25em;width:.75em}@keyframes fade{0%{opacity:0}to{opacity:1}}.social_list{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px}.social_icon{color:inherit;display:block;height:var(--icon-size,44px);width:var(--icon-size,44px)}.social_icon:hover{color:#e02f32}.summary{--metadata-color:#e02f32;--published-color:#707070;--times-color:#767573;position:relative}.summary .image,.summary .thumbnail{margin-bottom:12px}.summary .wrapper{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.summary .name,.summary .title{font-family:Bronkoh,fallback-font-sans-serif,sans-serif;font-size:21px;font-weight:400;line-height:22px;margin:16px 0}.summary .name a,.summary .title a{color:#172425}.summary .job_title,.summary .strapline{display:block;font-family:Baskerville,fallback-font-serif,serif;font-size:16px;font-weight:400;line-height:18px;margin:12px 0 0}.summary .metadata{color:var(--metadata-color);font-family:Bronkoh,fallback-font-sans-serif,sans-serif;font-size:15px;line-height:1;order:-1}.summary .article_type{display:flex;line-height:1;margin:0}.summary .article_type:before{border-top:1px solid #767573;content:"";flex-shrink:0;margin-right:8px;margin-top:.5em;width:40px}.summary .published_at{color:var(--published-color);display:block;margin:4px 0 0;padding-left:48px}.summary .author{font-family:Baskerville,fallback-font-serif,serif;font-size:14px;line-height:1;margin:16px 0 0}.summary .bio,.summary .description,.summary .tagline{font-family:Baskerville,fallback-font-serif,serif;font-size:15px;line-height:1.4;margin:16px 0 0}.summary .social a{color:#e02f32}.summary .social a,.summary .times{font-family:Bronkoh,fallback-font-sans-serif,sans-serif}.summary .times{color:var(--times-color)}.summary .dates,.summary .location{color:#e02f32;line-height:1;margin:8px 0 0}.summary .website{margin:16px 0 0}.summary .button,.summary .comments a,.summary .social a{position:relative;z-index:1}.summary[data-sponsored=true]{--metadata-color:#5337c6}.summary[data-sponsored=true] .kicker,.summary[data-sponsored=true] .published_at,.summary[data-sponsored=true] .times{color:#5337c6}.summary[data-external=true]{--metadata-color:#47a07c}.summary.event .name{font-weight:700;margin-top:0}.summary.event .name a{text-decoration:underline}.summary.event .name a:hover{text-decoration:none}:root{--section-color:#767573;--section-margin:56px;--logo-width:330px;--logo-height:123px}@media screen and (max-width:1024px){:root{--section-margin:32px}}*{box-sizing:border-box}body[data-version=mobile]{--logo-width:150px;--logo-height:43px}body{-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;background:#fff;color:#172425;font-family:Baskerville,fallback-font-serif,serif;font-feature-settings:"kern" 1,"dlig" 1;font-size:16px;line-height:1;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility;word-break:break-word}button{background:none;border:none;box-shadow:none;color:inherit;cursor:pointer;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;padding:0}p{line-height:1.4;margin:16px 0}b,strong{font-weight:700}em,i{font-style:italic}a{color:#000;text-decoration:none}a:hover,a:hover>*{text-decoration:underline}.logo img{height:var(--logo-height);width:var(--logo-width)}.section_title{border:1px solid;border-bottom:none;color:var(--section-color);font-family:Baskerville,fallback-font-serif,serif;font-size:23px;font-weight:400;line-height:1;margin:0 0 32px;padding:12px 96px 0 16px;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content}.section_title.small{font-size:19px;padding:12px 80px 0 16px}.live_blinker{font-family:Bronkoh,fallback-font-sans-serif,sans-serif}.icon{background-color:currentColor;display:inline-block;height:100%;-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-size:var(--icon-mask-size,65%) var(--icon-mask-size,65%);mask-size:var(--icon-mask-size,65%) var(--icon-mask-size,65%);width:100%}#content_below.hidden{display:none}.page_title{border:1px solid;border-bottom:none;font-family:Baskerville,fallback-font-serif,serif;font-size:30px;max-width:-moz-max-content;max-width:max-content;padding:16px 16px 0}.page_subtitle,.page_title{color:#e02f32;font-weight:400;line-height:1}.page_subtitle{font-family:Bronkoh,fallback-font-sans-serif,sans-serif;font-size:21px;margin:16px 17px}.page_title_wrapper{margin:0 0 32px}.view_archive{border-top:1px solid #767573;display:flex;justify-content:flex-end;margin:var(--section-margin,64px) 0 -1px auto;transform:translateY(-1px)}.view_archive .button{margin-top:-1px}#app_wrapper{background:#fff}#content{margin:0 auto;max-width:720px}#content_above{padding:24px 16px 0}#content_below{padding:0 24px}.page_content .notifications{margin:var(--section-margin,64px) 0}body[data-version=hd]{min-width:1260px}body[data-version=hd] #content{background:#fff;display:flow-root;max-width:100%;position:relative;width:1260px}body[data-version=hd] #content_above{min-height:1702px;padding-inline:64px;position:relative}body[data-version=hd] .page_title_wrapper{margin-bottom:48px}body[data-version=hd] .page_title{font-size:40px;margin-bottom:16px;padding:16px 128px 16px 32px}body[data-version=hd] .page_subtitle{font-size:23px;margin:16px 33px}body[data-version=hd][data-ads=true] #content_above{padding-right:380px}.advert_label{display:block;text-align:center}.advert_container{margin:0 auto;text-align:center}.advert_container.outlined{border-bottom:1px solid #f2f1ef;margin:48px auto}.advert_container.outlined>div:not(:empty){border-top:1px solid #f2f1ef;padding:48px 0}.advert.mpu{display:flex;justify-content:center}.commercial-slot-1:has(figure,.poll),.commercial-slot-2:has(figure,.poll){clear:both}.mpu{min-height:250px}.mpu.mobile_fixed_height{align-items:center;height:480px;margin:auto;overflow:hidden;width:300px}.inlinead{clear:both;margin:48px auto!important;text-align:center}.desktop_mpu{min-height:250px;position:relative;width:300px}.article_body_content .desktop_mpu{clear:left;float:left}.inlinead .advert,.inlinead_lazyload,.inlinead_lazyloaded{align-items:center;display:flex;justify-content:center;min-height:250px;position:relative}.inlinead .advert.mobile_fixed_height,.inlinead_lazyload.mobile_fixed_height,.inlinead_lazyloaded.mobile_fixed_height{align-items:center;display:flex;height:400px;justify-content:center;margin:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto}.inlinead .advert.mobile_fixed_height.mobile_halfpage,.inlinead_lazyload.mobile_fixed_heightmobile_halfpage,.inlinead_lazyloaded.mobile_fixed_height.mobile_halfpage{height:auto;min-height:400px}.leaderboard_container{align-items:center;display:flex;height:250px;justify-content:center;position:relative;width:1260px}.leaderboard_container.sticky{height:auto;position:sticky;top:0;width:100%;z-index:1}.advert_container_skin{position:sticky;top:0}.advert_skin{height:20px;left:0;position:absolute;top:0;width:20px}.advert.leaderboard{align-items:center;display:flex;justify-content:center}.low_leaderboard_container,.low_mpu_container,.mpu_container{margin:48px auto}.low_leaderboard,.low_mpu{align-items:center;display:flex;justify-content:center;min-height:250px}amp-ad{margin:0 auto}#sticky_leaderboard{bottom:0;padding:5px 0 0;pointer-events:none;position:fixed;text-align:center;width:100%;z-index:10000}#sticky_leaderboard .advert_label{color:#000;cursor:pointer;margin-bottom:8px;padding-top:8px}#sticky_leaderboard .leaderboard_inner{align-items:center;display:flex;height:100px;justify-content:center;margin:0 auto;width:320px}#sticky_leader_close{align-items:center;background-color:#efefef;border:0;border-radius:16px 0 0 0;cursor:pointer;display:none;flex-direction:row;font-weight:400;height:35px;padding:0 0 0 10px;position:absolute;right:0;top:-31px}#sticky_leader_close .icon{background-color:#000;height:31px;width:31px}#sticky_leaderboard.allow_click{pointer-events:auto}#sticky_leaderboard.show_wrapper{background:#efefef;filter:drop-shadow(0 0 1px rgba(0,0,0,.5))}#sticky_leaderboard.show_wrapper #sticky_leader_close{display:flex}body[data-version=hd] #sticky_leaderboard .leaderboard_inner{min-width:728px;width:auto}body[data-version=hd] #sticky_leaderboard{left:50%;padding:0 5px;transform:translateX(-50%);width:auto}body[data-version=hd] #sticky_leader_close{border-radius:16px 16px 0 0}.sidebar{display:none;right:16px;top:16px}.sidebar,.sidebar .gn_sidebar{bottom:0;position:absolute;width:300px}.sidebar .gn_sidebar{top:1316px}body[data-version=hd] .sidebar{display:flex}body[data-version=hd] .sidebar>.mpu_container{bottom:0;position:absolute;right:0}.sidebar .gn_sidebar{top:1066px}.advert_label{color:#707070;font-family:Bronkoh,fallback-font-sans-serif,sans-serif;font-size:15px;margin:0 0 8px}.sponsor_buttons{height:620px;overflow:hidden;width:300px}.alert{--alert-color:#172425;border:1px solid;color:var(--alert-color);display:flow-root;font-family:Bronkoh,fallback-font-sans-serif,sans-serif;font-size:16px;margin:16px auto;padding:16px 48px;position:relative;width:100%}.alert.info{--alert-color:#4295d4}.alert.info:before{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/circle-info.svg);content:"";-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image)}.alert.success{--alert-color:#47a07c}.alert.success:before{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/circle-check.svg);content:"";-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image)}.alert.error,.alert.warning{--alert-color:#e02f32}.alert.error:before,.alert.warning:before{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/triangle-exclamation.svg);content:"";-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image)}.alert:before{background:currentColor;bottom:16px;height:auto;left:16px;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;position:absolute;top:16px;width:16px}.alert>:first-child{margin-top:0}.alert>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.alert a{color:#000;color:inherit;text-decoration:underline}.alert a:hover,.alert a:hover>*{text-decoration:none}.flash-messages{margin-bottom:var(--section-margin,64px)}.flash-messages .alert{margin-top:0}section.notifications{margin-bottom:16px}section.notifications form{display:block;margin:0;width:100%}section.notifications form .submit-buttons{display:flex;gap:8px}@media screen and (max-width:500px){section.notifications form .submit-buttons{flex-direction:column}}section.notifications .table-checkboxes{margin-top:32px}section.notifications .table-checkboxes .table-row{align-items:center;border-bottom:1px solid #eee;display:grid;grid-template-columns:auto 240px 1fr}@media screen and (max-width:500px){section.notifications .table-checkboxes .table-row{grid-template-columns:auto 1fr}}section.notifications .table-checkboxes .table-row:hover{background-color:#fafafa}section.notifications .table-checkboxes .table-row.table-headers{border-bottom:2px solid #ccc}section.notifications .table-checkboxes .table-row.table-headers:hover{background-color:inherit}section.notifications .table-checkboxes .table-row.table-headers .table-cell{color:#172425!important;font-size:.975rem!important;font-weight:500}@media screen and (max-width:500px){section.notifications .table-checkboxes .table-row.table-headers .table-cell:last-child{display:none}}section.notifications .table-checkboxes .table-row.no-table-items{font-size:.975rem;padding:32px;width:100%}section.notifications .table-checkboxes .table-row.no-table-items:hover{background-color:inherit}@media screen and (max-width:500px){section.notifications .table-checkboxes .table-row.no-table-items{padding:16px}}section.notifications .table-checkboxes .table-row a{display:contents;text-decoration:none}section.notifications .table-checkboxes .table-row a:hover .table-cell:last-child{text-decoration:underline}section.notifications .table-checkboxes .table-row a.unread .table-cell{color:currentColor}section.notifications .table-checkboxes .table-row a.unread .table-cell:first-child:before{content:"\00B7";display:flex;flex-flow:column nowrap;font-size:22pt;height:100%;justify-content:center;left:0;position:absolute;text-align:center;top:0;width:3rem}@media screen and (max-width:500px){section.notifications .table-checkboxes .table-row a.unread .table-cell:first-child:before{width:1.5rem}section.notifications .table-checkboxes .table-row a .table-cell:first-child{width:100%}}section.notifications .table-checkboxes .table-row .table-cell{color:#777;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.2;padding:24px;position:relative}section.notifications .table-checkboxes .table-row .table-cell.notification-time{color:#999;font-size:.8175rem;padding-left:40px;text-decoration:none}@media screen and (max-width:500px){section.notifications .table-checkboxes .table-row .table-cell.notification-time{padding-left:32px}section.notifications .table-checkboxes .table-row .table-cell.subject{grid-column:span 2}section.notifications .table-checkboxes .table-row .table-cell:last-child{padding-top:0;width:100%}section.notifications .table-checkboxes .table-row .table-cell{padding:16px}section.notifications .table-checkboxes .table-row:last-child{border-bottom:none}section.notifications .table-checkboxes{margin-top:16px}}.app_footer{background:#000;color:#fff;container-name:footer;container-type:inline-size;font-size:15px;overflow:hidden}.app_footer .footer{display:grid;gap:32px;margin-inline:auto;max-width:1260px;padding:32px 24px 164px}.app_footer .nav-links{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px;margin:12px 0 0}.app_footer .nav-links__title{font-weight:700}.app_footer .nav-links .link{color:inherit;display:inline-block;line-height:1}.app_footer .footer-copyright{display:grid;gap:12px}.app_footer .footer-copyright p{font-size:inherit;line-height:1.4;margin:0}@container footer (min-width: 1024px){.app_footer .footer{grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr)}.app_footer .nav-links{flex-direction:column}.app_footer .footer-copyright,.app_footer .footer-nav--social{grid-column:span 4}}.coverage_header{background-color:var(--coverage-header-background-color);color:var(--coverage-header-text-color);font-size:16px;line-height:1;margin:16px auto 32px;max-width:896px;position:relative;width:100%}.coverage_header[data-size=large] .coverage_header__main{display:flex;width:100%}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.coverage_header[data-size=large] .coverage_header__main{flex-direction:column}}@media screen and (min-width:769px){.coverage_header[data-size=large] .coverage_header__asset{flex-shrink:0;width:450px}.coverage_header[data-size=large] .coverage_header__asset:has(.video_wrapper){margin:auto}}.coverage_header[data-size=large] .coverage_header__asset .primis_wrapper{margin-bottom:0}.coverage_header[data-size=large] .coverage_header__asset .primis_wrapper #primis_container_div,.coverage_header[data-size=large] .coverage_header__asset .primis_wrapper div[id^=Player-Div-SekindoSPlayer],.coverage_header[data-size=large] .coverage_header__asset .primis_wrapper div[id^=Video-Div-SekindoSPlayer],.coverage_header[data-size=large] .coverage_header__asset .primis_wrapper div[id^=Video-iFrame-SekindoSPlayer],.coverage_header[data-size=large] .coverage_header__asset .primis_wrapper div[id^=primis_playerSekindoSPlayer],.coverage_header[data-size=large] .coverage_header__asset .primis_wrapper iframe[id^=sekindoNativeSkinFrameSekindoSPlayer]{height:100%!important;width:100%!important}.coverage_header[data-size=large] .coverage_header__asset .primis_wrapper .primis_video,.coverage_header[data-size=large] .coverage_header__asset .primis_wrapper .primisslate{aspect-ratio:1.77777778}.coverage_header[data-size=large] .coverage_header__details{align-items:flex-start;display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-grow:1;padding:24px}.coverage_header[data-size=large] .description,.coverage_header[data-size=large] .headline,.coverage_header[data-size=large] .links_list{display:block;line-height:1;margin:0}.coverage_header[data-size=large] .description,.coverage_header[data-size=large] .headline{margin-bottom:8px}.coverage_header[data-size=large] .links_list{color:inherit;display:grid;gap:8px;margin:16px 0 16px 16px}.coverage_header[data-size=large] .links_list li{list-style:disc}.coverage_header[data-size=large] .button{margin:auto 0 0}.coverage_header[data-size=small]{padding:16px;position:relative}.coverage_header[data-size=small] .coverage_header__main{display:grid;gap:8px}@media screen and (min-width:769px){.coverage_header[data-size=small] .coverage_header__main{align-items:center;display:flex;flex-direction:row;gap:32px;justify-content:space-between}}.coverage_header[data-size=small] .headline{display:inline;font-size:22px}@media screen and (min-width:769px){.coverage_header[data-size=small] .headline{font-size:26px}}.coverage_header[data-size=small] .description:not(:first-of-type){margin:8px 0}@media screen and (min-width:769px){.coverage_header[data-size=small] .description:not(:first-of-type){margin-bottom:0}}.coverage_header .headline{font-size:26px;font-weight:700}.coverage_header .coverage_header__asset img{height:100%;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;width:100%}.coverage_header .button{background:var(--coverage-header-button-background-color);border-color:var(--coverage-header-button-background-color);color:var(--coverage-header-button-text-color);min-width:100%}.coverage_header .button:hover{text-decoration:underline}@media screen and (min-width:769px){.coverage_header .button{min-width:260px}}.coverage_header p{line-height:1;margin:0}.coverage_header a:not(.button){color:var(--coverage-header-link-color);text-decoration:underline}.coverage_header .embed_placeholder{color:initial}.disclaimer{color:#707070;font-size:13px;line-height:1;text-align:center}.disclaimer a{text-decoration:underline}.disclaimer a:hover{text-decoration:none}.embed_placeholder{align-items:center;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center}.embed_placeholder .message{display:block;text-align:center}.embed_placeholder .optanon-show-settings-popup-wrapper{height:auto}.primis_wrapper.primis_headline .embed_placeholder,.video_wrapper .embed_placeholder{bottom:0;left:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:0}.primis_video .embed_placeholder{height:100%}.embed_wrapper[data-domain]{clear:both;height:0;padding-bottom:56.25%;position:relative;width:100%}.embed_wrapper[data-domain][data-domain="playlist.megaphone.fm"]{padding-bottom:clamp(150px,33.33333333%,200px)}.embed_wrapper[data-domain][data-domain="w.soundcloud.com"]{padding-bottom:clamp(116px,25%,165px)}.embed_wrapper[data-domain][data-domain="twitter.com"],.embed_wrapper[data-domain][data-domain="www.facebook.com"],.embed_wrapper[data-domain][data-domain="www.instagram.com"],.embed_wrapper[data-domain][data-domain="www.tiktok.com"]{display:flex;height:-moz-max-content;height:max-content;justify-content:center;padding-bottom:0}.embed_wrapper[data-domain][data-domain="twitter.com"] blockquote,.embed_wrapper[data-domain][data-domain="www.facebook.com"] blockquote,.embed_wrapper[data-domain][data-domain="www.instagram.com"] blockquote,.embed_wrapper[data-domain][data-domain="www.tiktok.com"] blockquote{margin:0}.embed_wrapper[data-domain]:not([data-domain="www.instagram.com"]):not([data-domain="www.tiktok.com"]) iframe{bottom:0;height:100%;left:0;margin:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:100%}.embed_wrapper[data-domain] .embed_placeholder{bottom:0;left:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:0}.embed_placeholder{background:#f2f1ef;font-size:19px;padding:16px}.embed_placeholder .message{font-family:Bronkoh,fallback-font-sans-serif,sans-serif;font-size:16px;margin-bottom:16px}.contact-us{margin-inline:auto;max-width:32em}.contact-us label{display:block}.contact-us>*{margin-bottom:16px;width:100%}form label,form span{display:block}form>*{margin-top:24px}form label+*,form>:first-child{margin-top:0}form input,form select,form textarea{border:1px solid #d1d1d1;display:block;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;padding:8px;width:100%}form textarea{resize:vertical}form input[type=checkbox],form input[type=submit]{width:auto}form input[type=hidden]+button,form input[type=hidden]+fieldset,form input[type=hidden]+input,form input[type=hidden]+p,form input[type=hidden]+select{margin-top:0}form select{background-color:#fff;border-radius:4px;color:#172425;cursor:pointer;display:block;min-height:36px;padding-right:48px;position:relative;width:100%}form label,form legend{margin-bottom:8px}form label span{display:inline-block}form .helptext,form>ol,form>ol li:not(:first-of-type),form>ul,form>ul li:not(:first-of-type){margin-top:8px}form .form-checkbox{padding-left:20px;position:relative}form .form-checkbox input{left:0;margin:0;position:absolute;top:0}form .errorlist{border:1px solid;margin-top:24px;padding:8px}form p:empty{display:none}form .switch{border:1px solid #e02f32;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;overflow:hidden;width:100%}form .switch input{left:-100%;opacity:0;position:absolute}form .switch label{align-items:center;color:#172425;cursor:pointer;display:flex;flex-basis:0;flex-grow:1;font-family:inherit;font-weight:400;height:100%;justify-content:center;line-height:1;margin:0;min-width:96px;overflow:hidden;padding:8px 16px}form .switch label:has(input:checked){background:#e02f32;color:#fff}form input,form select,form textarea{font-family:Bronkoh,fallback-font-sans-serif,sans-serif}a[data-lightbox=done]{cursor:zoom-in}.lightbox_fullscreen{align-items:center;background:rgba(0,0,0,.65);bottom:0;cursor:zoom-out;display:flex;justify-content:center;left:0;padding:16px;position:absolute;position:fixed;right:0;top:0;z-index:9999}.lightbox_fullscreen .spinner{position:absolute}.lightbox_fullscreen .pagination{height:100%;position:absolute;top:0;width:100%}.lightbox_fullscreen .pagination .button{height:44px;min-width:44px;padding:0;position:absolute;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);z-index:1}@media screen and (min-width:1025px){.lightbox_fullscreen .pagination .button{visibility:hidden}}.lightbox_fullscreen .pagination .button:after{background-color:currentColor;content:"";display:inline-block;height:100%;-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-size:var(--icon-mask-size,65%) var(--icon-mask-size,65%);mask-size:var(--icon-mask-size,65%) var(--icon-mask-size,65%);pointer-events:none;width:100%}.lightbox_fullscreen .pagination .previous{left:0;margin-left:16px}.lightbox_fullscreen .pagination .previous:after{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/angle-left.svg);-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image)}.lightbox_fullscreen .pagination .next{margin-right:16px;right:0}.lightbox_fullscreen .pagination .next:after{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/angle-right.svg);-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image)}.lightbox_fullscreen:hover .pagination .button{visibility:visible}.lightbox_fullscreen img{max-height:100%;max-width:100%;position:relative;z-index:1}.nav_main{display:grid;gap:16px;grid-template-columns:auto 1fr auto;margin:0 auto;padding:24px 0;width:1260px}.nav_main .nav_primary{border-top:1px solid #767573;display:flex;grid-column:1;grid-row:1/span 2}.nav_main .nav_primary .section_title{border-left:none;float:left;margin:0 48px 0 0;padding:12px 12px 96px 4px;transform:rotate(180deg);writing-mode:vertical-rl}@media screen and (max-width:500px){.nav_main .nav_primary .section_title{margin-right:24px}.nav_main .nav_primary .section_title.small{margin-right:12px}}.nav_main .nav_primary .view_archive{width:calc(100% - 64px)}@media screen and (max-width:500px){.nav_main .nav_primary .view_archive{width:100%}}.nav_main .nav_primary .section_title{padding-bottom:32px}.nav_main .nav_primary ul{align-content:flex-end;border-top:1px solid #fff;display:grid;gap:4px;margin-top:-1px;padding:32px 0 8px}.nav_main .nav_primary a{color:#172425;font-family:Bronkoh,fallback-font-sans-serif,sans-serif;font-size:23px}.nav_main .logo{align-self:center;grid-column:2;grid-row:1/span 2;justify-self:center}.nav_main .actions{align-self:flex-end;display:grid;gap:16px;grid-column:3;grid-row:1}.nav_main .search_box{order:1}.nav_main .social_follow{grid-column:3;grid-row:2}.nav_touch .touch_bar{border-bottom:1px solid #d1d1d1;box-sizing:content-box;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;max-height:60px}.nav_touch .touch_bar .button{align-items:center;border:none;border-radius:0;color:#fff;display:flex;height:60px;justify-content:center;min-width:60px;padding:0;position:relative;text-align:center;width:60px}.nav_touch .touch_bar .bell_icon{background:#767573;margin-left:auto}.nav_touch .touch_bar .menu_icon{background:#e02f32;display:flex;flex-direction:column;font-size:14px}.nav_touch .touch_bar .menu_icon:focus,.nav_touch .touch_bar .menu_icon:hover{text-decoration:none}.nav_touch .touch_bar .icon{height:30px;margin:0 auto;width:30px}.nav_touch .logo_wrapper{margin:auto 0}.nav_touch .logo{align-items:center;display:flex;padding:8px 16px}.nav_touch .logo img{-o-object-fit:contain;object-fit:contain}.nav_touch .button{--button-icon-size:1.2em}.nav_touch .touch_menu{background:#fff;border-bottom:1px solid #d1d1d1;border-top:1px solid #d1d1d1;box-shadow:0 32px 32px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.25);color:#172425;display:none;line-height:1;margin-top:-1px;padding:16px;position:absolute;width:100%;z-index:999;grid-gap:20px}.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_commercial a,.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_primary a,.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_secondary a{color:inherit;display:block;font-size:17px;font-weight:400;padding:8px 0;position:relative}.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_commercial a[data-active=true],.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_primary a[data-active=true],.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_secondary a[data-active=true]{background:#e02f32;border-radius:4px;color:#fff}.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_commercial a[data-active=true]:before,.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_primary a[data-active=true]:before,.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_secondary a[data-active=true]:before{color:#fff!important}.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_commercial a[data-icon],.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_primary a[data-icon],.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_secondary a[data-icon]{padding-left:34px}.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_primary a{line-height:1}.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_secondary a[data-active=true]{margin-left:-8px;padding-left:8px}.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_commercial{margin-top:-20px}.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_secondary_toggle{border-bottom:1px solid #d1d1d1;border-top:1px solid #d1d1d1;padding:16px 0;position:relative}.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_secondary_toggle summary{display:block;font-size:17px;position:relative;width:100%}.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_secondary_toggle summary:after{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/angle-down.svg);-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image)}.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_secondary_toggle summary::-webkit-details-marker,.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_secondary_toggle summary::marker{content:"";display:none}.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_secondary_toggle[open] summary:after{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/angle-up.svg);-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image)}.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_secondary_toggle summary:after,.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_secondary_toggle[open] summary:after{background-color:currentColor;content:"";display:inline-block;height:100%;height:26px;line-height:26px;-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-size:var(--icon-mask-size,65%) var(--icon-mask-size,65%);mask-size:var(--icon-mask-size,65%) var(--icon-mask-size,65%);position:absolute;right:0;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);width:100%;width:26px}.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_secondary_toggle .nav_secondary{padding:16px 0 0 16px}.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_archives .label{display:block;font-size:17px;font-weight:400;margin-bottom:8px;text-transform:uppercase}.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_archives .label:after{content:none}.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_archives ul{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;grid-gap:4px}.nav_touch .touch_menu .search_box{max-width:100%}.nav_touch .touch_menu .search_box input{color:inherit;height:36px;line-height:36px}.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_commercial a[data-icon]:before,.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_primary a[data-icon]:before{background-color:currentColor;color:#707070;content:"";display:inline-block;height:100%;height:26px;left:0;line-height:26px;-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-size:var(--icon-mask-size,65%) var(--icon-mask-size,65%);mask-size:var(--icon-mask-size,65%) var(--icon-mask-size,65%);position:absolute;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);width:100%;width:26px}.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_commercial a[data-icon=home]:before,.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_primary a[data-icon=home]:before{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/house-user.svg);-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image)}.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_commercial a[data-icon=news]:before,.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_primary a[data-icon=news]:before{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/regular/newspaper.svg);-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image)}.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_commercial a[data-icon=deal]:before,.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_primary a[data-icon=deal]:before{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/bolt.svg);-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image)}.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_commercial a[data-icon=review]:before,.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_primary a[data-icon=review]:before{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/regular/comment-dots.svg);-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image)}.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_commercial a[data-icon=feature]:before,.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_primary a[data-icon=feature]:before{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/regular/star.svg);-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image)}.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_commercial a[data-icon=guide]:before,.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_primary a[data-icon=guide]:before{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/regular/bookmark.svg);-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image)}.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_commercial a[data-icon=video]:before,.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_primary a[data-icon=video]:before{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/video.svg);-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image)}.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_commercial a[data-icon=event]:before,.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_primary a[data-icon=event]:before{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/regular/calendar.svg);-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image)}.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_commercial a[data-icon=game]:before,.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_primary a[data-icon=game]:before{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/gamepad.svg);-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image)}.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_commercial a[data-icon=other]:before,.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_primary a[data-icon=other]:before{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/regular/bookmark.svg);-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image)}.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_commercial a[data-icon=latest]:before,.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_primary a[data-icon=latest]:before{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/triangle-exclamation.svg);-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image)}.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_commercial a[data-icon=merch]:before,.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_primary a[data-icon=merch]:before{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/cart-shopping.svg);color:#44208d;-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image)}.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_commercial a[data-icon=subscription]:before,.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_primary a[data-icon=subscription]:before{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/regular/heart.svg);color:#db1f4c;-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image)}.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_commercial a[data-icon=newsletter]:before,.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_primary a[data-icon=newsletter]:before{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/regular/envelope.svg);-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image)}.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_commercial a[data-icon=job]:before,.nav_touch .touch_menu .nav_primary a[data-icon=job]:before{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/briefcase.svg);-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image)}body[data-menu=true] .nav_touch .menu_icon .icon{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/xmark.svg);background-color:currentColor;display:inline-block;height:100%;height:30px;margin:0 auto;-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-size:var(--icon-mask-size,65%) var(--icon-mask-size,65%);mask-size:var(--icon-mask-size,65%) var(--icon-mask-size,65%);width:100%;width:30px}body[data-menu=true] .nav_touch .touch_menu{display:grid}.nav_touch{font-family:Bronkoh,fallback-font-sans-serif,sans-serif}.nav_touch .search_box{max-width:100%}.nav_trending{background:#f2f1ef;border-bottom:none;color:#172425;display:block;font-size:0;line-height:1;padding:0 8px;position:relative}.nav_trending ul{display:block}.nav_trending li{display:inline-flex;position:relative}.nav_trending li:not(:last-of-type):after{color:#172425;content:"|";font-size:15px;margin:auto}.nav_trending a{color:inherit;font-size:15px;padding:8px}body[data-version=mobile] .nav_trending{align-items:center;background:#f2f1ef;color:#172425;display:flex;overflow-x:auto}body[data-version=mobile] .nav_trending ul{white-space:nowrap}body[data-version=mobile] .nav_trending li:not(:last-of-type):after{color:#172425;content:"|"}.pagination_wrapper{align-items:center;display:grid;gap:8px;grid-template-columns:1fr auto 1fr}.pagination[data-type=text]{margin:16px 0}.pagination_button.button{height:44px;padding:0;width:44px}.pagination .next,.pagination .previous{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px}.pagination .previous{justify-content:flex-start}.pagination .next{justify-content:flex-end}.pagination .page_counter{align-items:center;display:grid;gap:8px;justify-items:center}@media screen and (min-width:501px){.pagination .page_counter{gap:16px;grid-template-columns:auto auto}}.pagination .page_counter span{font-weight:700}.pagination_wrapper{margin:var(--section-margin,64px) auto}.pagination_wrapper .page_counter{font-family:Bronkoh,fallback-font-sans-serif,sans-serif;font-size:16px}.search_box{align-items:center;display:flex;max-width:420px;position:relative}.search_box:before{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/magnifying-glass.svg);background:currentColor;background:#172425;content:"";display:inline-block;height:1em;height:16px;left:8px;-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;pointer-events:none;position:absolute;width:1em;width:16px}.search_box input[type=text]{font-size:16px;padding-left:32px}@media screen and (max-width:500px){.search_box input[type=text]{padding:8px 8px 8px 32px}}.spinner{--spinner-size:20px;--spinner-border:3px;--spinner-color:#fff;animation:spin 1.5s linear infinite;border:var(--spinner-border) solid transparent;border-radius:50%;border-top:var(--spinner-border) solid var(--spinner-color);display:inline-block;height:var(--spinner-size);width:var(--spinner-size)}.spinner.large{--spinner-size:60px;--spinner-border:6px}.spinner.inverted{--spinner-color:#172425}@keyframes spin{0%{transform:rotate(0deg)}to{transform:rotate(1turn)}}.spinner_wrapper{align-items:center;display:flex;justify-content:center}.spinner_wrapper .spinner{margin-right:8px}.skeleton{pointer-events:none;visibility:hidden}.survey-launcher.banner{border:1px solid #d1d1d1;margin:32px auto;max-width:-moz-max-content;max-width:max-content;padding:16px}.survey-launcher.banner .survey-launcher-heading{margin:0}.survey-launcher-heading{font-weight:700;margin-bottom:16px!important}.survey-modal{background:#fff;cursor:auto;display:flex;flex-direction:column;max-height:100%;max-width:420px;overflow:auto;position:relative;width:100%}.survey-modal iframe{height:520px;width:100%}.survey-modal .button{height:44px;margin-left:auto;padding:0;width:44px}.survey-modal .button:before{background-color:currentColor;display:inline-block;height:100%;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-size:var(--icon-mask-size,90%) var(--icon-mask-size,90%);mask-size:var(--icon-mask-size,90%) var(--icon-mask-size,90%);width:100%;--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/xmark.svg);content:"";-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);pointer-events:none}.survey-modal .survey-logo{max-height:44px}.survey-header{align-items:center;border-bottom:1px solid #d1d1d1;display:grid;gap:16px;grid-template-columns:1fr auto;margin:0 16px;padding:16px 0}.survey-launcher-heading{font-family:Bronkoh,fallback-font-sans-serif,sans-serif;font-size:18px}.user_profile.signed_out{width:100%}@media screen and (max-width:500px){.user_profile.signed_out{padding:0}}.user_profile.signed_out .login{width:100%}.user_profile.signed_in{align-items:center;grid-gap:12px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:auto 1fr}@media screen and (max-width:500px){.user_profile.signed_in{padding:0}.user_profile.signed_in[data-subscriptions=true] .user_username_sign_out{justify-content:space-between}}.user_profile.signed_in .avatar{grid-row:span 2;height:60px;width:60px}.user_profile.signed_in .label{display:block;margin-bottom:4px}.user_profile.signed_in .user_username_sign_out{align-items:baseline;display:flex;flex-direction:row;justify-content:flex-start}@media screen and (max-width:500px){.user_profile.signed_in .user_username_sign_out{align-items:center}}@media screen and (max-width:374px){.user_profile.signed_in .user_username_sign_out{flex-wrap:wrap}}.user_profile.signed_in .user_username_sign_out .sign_out{border:none;color:#444;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;margin:0;outline:none;padding:0}@media screen and (min-width:375px){.user_profile.signed_in .user_username_sign_out .sign_out{margin:0 0 0 8px}}@media screen and (min-width:769px){.user_profile.signed_in .user_username_sign_out .sign_out{font-size:13px;font-weight:400}}.user_profile.signed_in .user_username_sign_out .sign_out:hover{text-decoration:underline}@media screen and (min-width:501px){.user_profile.signed_in .avatar{grid-row:1;height:50px;width:50px}.user_profile.signed_in .user_username_sign_out{flex-direction:column}.user_profile.signed_in .user_username_sign_out .sign_out{margin:0}}.user_profile.signed_in .user_buttons{display:grid;grid-column:span 2;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,auto);grid-gap:8px;position:relative;width:100%}@media screen and (max-width:1024px){.user_profile.signed_in .user_buttons{justify-content:flex-start}}@media screen and (max-width:500px){.user_profile.signed_in .user_buttons{grid-column:auto;justify-content:stretch;width:inherit}}@media screen and (max-width:374px){.user_profile.signed_in .user_buttons{grid-template-columns:auto}}.user_profile.signed_in .user_buttons .button{align-items:center;display:inline-flex;line-height:1}.user_profile.signed_in .notifications_dropdown_wrapper{display:none;left:0;padding-top:16px;position:absolute;top:100%;width:100%;z-index:51}.user_profile.signed_in .notifications_dropdown_wrapper.show{display:block}.user_profile.signed_in .notifications_dropdown_wrapper .notifications_dropdown{background:#fff;border:1px solid #bbb;border-bottom:4px solid #444;border-radius:4px;padding:16px;position:relative}.user_profile.signed_in .notifications_dropdown_wrapper .notifications_dropdown:before{border:8px solid transparent;border-bottom-color:#bbb;bottom:100%;content:"";display:inline-block;position:absolute;right:32px}.user_profile.signed_in .notifications_dropdown_wrapper .notifications_dropdown:after{border:7px solid transparent;border-bottom-color:#fff;bottom:100%;content:"";display:inline-block;position:absolute;right:33px}.user_profile.signed_in .notifications_dropdown_wrapper .notifications_dropdown .notification{border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;-moz-column-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:auto 1fr;margin-bottom:12px;padding-bottom:12px}.user_profile.signed_in .notifications_dropdown_wrapper .notifications_dropdown .notification:not(.empty):before{color:#444;content:"\00B7";font-size:30px}.user_profile.signed_in .notifications_dropdown_wrapper .notifications_dropdown .notification .notification_title{color:#666;font-size:15px}.user_profile.signed_in .notifications_dropdown_wrapper .notifications_dropdown .notification.empty .notification_title,.user_profile.signed_in .notifications_dropdown_wrapper .notifications_dropdown .notification_meta,.user_profile.signed_in .notifications_dropdown_wrapper .notifications_dropdown .notifications_see_all{font-size:13px}.notification_circle{align-items:center;background:#ed1c2a;border-radius:50%;color:#fff;display:flex;font-size:11px;font-weight:700;justify-content:center;min-width:18px;padding:3px;position:absolute;right:8px;top:8px}.username a{color:#000}.username .name{font-weight:700;word-break:break-all}.username .scrim:before{content:"#"}.username .flair:before{content:"("}.username .flair:after{content:")"}body[data-version=hd] .notification_circle{background:#444;right:-8px;top:-8px}.user_profile{max-width:420px}.user_profile.signed_out .button_group{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,auto)}.user_profile.signed_in .user_buttons{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,auto)}@media screen and (min-width:501px){.user_profile{width:-moz-max-content;width:max-content}}.username .scrim{opacity:.75}.username .flair{color:#767573;font-size:.9175em}.video_wrapper{clear:both;height:0;padding-bottom:56.25%;position:relative;width:100%}.video_wrapper.bluebillywig .bb_iawr{height:auto!important}.video_wrapper .full-size,.video_wrapper iframe{bottom:0;height:100%;left:0;margin:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:100%}.primis_wrapper{clear:both;position:relative;width:100%}.primis_wrapper .primis_video{aspect-ratio:2.247557;background-color:#d1d1d1}.primis_wrapper .primis_video>div{height:auto!important}@media screen and (max-width:500px){.primis_wrapper .primis_video{aspect-ratio:1.77777778}}.primis_wrapper.primis_homepage_desktop .primis_video{aspect-ratio:2.58959538}.primis_wrapper.primis_headline .primis_video{aspect-ratio:1.77777778}.video-facade{background:#000;color:#fff;cursor:pointer;overflow:hidden}.video-facade__image{height:100%!important;margin:0!important;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;-o-object-position:center;object-position:center;width:100%}.video-facade__title{color:#fff;display:-webkit-box;font-size:18px;left:16px;line-height:20px;position:absolute;top:16px;-webkit-line-clamp:3;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;overflow:hidden;width:calc(100% - 32px)}.video-facade:after,.video-facade:before{height:100%;left:0;position:absolute;top:0;width:100%}.video-facade:before{background:linear-gradient(0deg,transparent 70%,rgba(0,0,0,.6) 90%);content:""}.video-facade[data-platform=youtube]:after{background:url(/static/vendor/img/youtube-play.svg) 50%/68px no-repeat;content:""}.video-facade:hover>*,.video-facade>*{text-decoration:none}.primisslate #closeContainer{border-bottom:1px solid #172425;transform:translateY(-1px)}.primisslate #closeIcon,.primisslate #closeText{padding-block:3px!important}.primisslate,.primisslate div{box-shadow:none!important;font-family:inherit!important}.disclaimer{color:#767573}.app_footer,.disclaimer{font-family:Bronkoh,fallback-font-sans-serif,sans-serif}._comments{line-height:1;margin:0 0 0 16px}._comments a{color:var(--metadata-color);font-family:Bronkoh,fallback-font-sans-serif,sans-serif;font-size:15px}._comments a:before{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/comment.svg);background:currentColor;content:"";display:inline-block;float:left;height:1em;-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;padding-right:4px;width:1em}._page_subtitle{color:#e02f32;font-family:Bronkoh,fallback-font-sans-serif,sans-serif;font-size:21px;font-weight:400;line-height:1}.competition-container{clear:both}.competition-container .alert{margin:0 0 16px}.competition-container .competition{border:2px solid #e02f32;border-radius:16px;box-sizing:content-box;margin:24px 0;padding:0 32px}@media screen and (max-width:500px){.competition-container .competition{padding:0 24px}}.competition-container .competition .site-logo{align-items:center;display:flex;height:58px;margin:32px 0}@media screen and (max-width:500px){.competition-container .competition .site-logo{height:38.686px}}.competition-container .competition .site-logo>img{margin:0;width:12rem}@media screen and (max-width:500px){.competition-container .competition .site-logo>img{width:8rem}}.competition-container .competition h2{color:#172425;margin:32px 0 6px}.competition-container .competition .user-status{color:#767573;margin:0 0 32px}.competition-container .competition .sign-in-buttons,.competition-container .competition h3,.competition-container .competition h3:last-child,.competition-container .competition ul,.competition-container .competition ul:last-child{margin:32px 0}.competition-container .competition>ul>li:not(:first-child){margin-top:0}.competition-container .competition .description{margin:16px 0}.competition-container .competition form{margin:32px 0}.competition-container .competition form ul{margin:32px 0;padding:0}.competition-container .competition form ul li{list-style:none;margin:0}.competition-container .competition form ul li:before{content:none}.competition-container .competition form ul li label{display:block;margin:8px 0}.competition-container .competition form ul li label input{display:inline;width:auto}.competition-container .competition form button{margin:0}@media screen and (max-width:500px){.competition-container .competition form button{justify-content:center;width:100%}}.competition-container .competition .fine-print{color:#767573;font-size:.875rem;margin:32px 0}.spoiler{background:#172425;color:transparent;cursor:pointer;display:inline;transition:all .25s ease-out}.spoiler:focus{background:#f2f1ef;color:#172425}.spoiler:not(:focus) *{background:transparent;color:transparent}.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true]{--poll-primary-color:#e02f32;--poll-border-color:#172425;margin:16px auto;max-width:690px;position:relative}.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true][data-placed=true]{display:block}.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true] .poll_container{border:1px solid var(--poll-border-color);border-radius:8px;display:inline-block;height:100%;margin:0;overflow:hidden;padding:24px;position:relative;width:100%}.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true] .poll_container .alert{margin:16px 0 0}.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true] .poll_container .poll{margin:0}.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true] .poll_container .poll_header{display:block;margin:0}.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true] .poll_container .poll_header img{height:113px;margin:0 auto 8px;-o-object-fit:contain;object-fit:contain}.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true] .poll_container .poll_header .badge{color:#172425;display:block;font-size:14px;margin:8px 0;text-align:center;text-transform:uppercase}.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true] .poll_container .poll_header .poll_details{align-items:baseline;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;grid-gap:16px;margin:0 0 16px;text-align:left}@media screen and (min-width:769px){.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true] .poll_container .poll_header .poll_details{flex-wrap:nowrap}}.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true] .poll_container .poll_header .question{color:#172425;font-size:22px;font-weight:700;margin:0;text-wrap:balance}.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true] .poll_container .poll_header .votes{color:#172425;display:inline-block;font-size:15px;margin:0;min-width:-moz-max-content;min-width:max-content}.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true] .poll_container .poll_content{display:block;font-size:16px;height:100%;margin:16px 0 0;position:relative;text-wrap:balance}.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true] .poll_container .poll_content .cta_container:not(.hidden){margin:16px auto 0;text-align:center;width:100%}.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true] .poll_container .poll_content .cta_container:not(.hidden) .message{color:#172425}.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true] .poll_container .button{background-color:var(--poll-primary-color);border-color:var(--poll-primary-color);color:#fff;margin:16px 0 0;width:100%}.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true] .poll_container .button.hidden{display:none}.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true] .poll_container .poll_form{display:grid;position:relative}.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true] .poll_container .poll_vote_wrapper{--percentage-width:0%;align-items:center;color:#172425;display:flex;margin:4px 0;overflow:hidden;position:relative}.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true] .poll_container .poll_vote_wrapper:not(:has(input.invalid)):has(input:disabled) .percentage_bar:after{min-width:16px;transform:translateX(0)}.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true] .poll_container .poll_vote_wrapper:not(:has(input.invalid)):not(:has(input:disabled)) .poll_vote:hover,.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true] .poll_container .poll_vote_wrapper:not(:has(input.invalid)):not(:has(input:disabled)) .poll_vote_label:hover{text-decoration:underline}.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true] .poll_container .poll_vote_wrapper:not(:has(input.invalid)):not(:has(input:disabled)) .poll_vote,.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true] .poll_container .poll_vote_wrapper:not(:has(input.invalid)):not(:has(input:disabled)) .poll_vote_label{cursor:pointer}.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true] .poll_container .poll_vote{--vote-padding:12px;accent-color:var(--poll-primary-color);color:#172425;font-weight:400;line-height:1;margin:2px 0 auto;overflow:hidden;position:static;text-align:left;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content}.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true] .poll_container .poll_vote:disabled{color:#172425;opacity:1}.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true] .poll_container .poll_vote_details{-moz-column-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 46px;margin:0;overflow:hidden;row-gap:2px;text-align:left;width:100%}.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true] .poll_container .poll_vote_label{cursor:auto;font-weight:400;margin:0;max-width:-moz-fit-content;max-width:fit-content;padding-left:8px}.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true] .poll_container .percentage_text,.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true] .poll_container .poll_vote_label{line-height:1.2}.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true] .poll_container .percentage_text{min-width:46px;text-align:right}.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true] .poll_container .percentage_bar{grid-column:span 2;height:8px;margin-left:8px;overflow:hidden;position:relative}.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true] .poll_container .percentage_bar:after{background:var(--poll-primary-color);border-radius:0 4px 4px 0;bottom:0;content:"";height:100%;left:0;position:absolute;transform:translateX(-100%);transition:transform 2s ease-in;width:var(--percentage-width)}.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true] .poll_container .up_next{align-items:center;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,auto);position:relative;grid-gap:8px;animation:fade-in .5s forwards;color:#172425;margin:16px auto 0;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content}.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true] .poll_container .up_next .play{background:var(--poll-primary-color);border-radius:50%;height:70px;margin:0;position:relative;width:70px}.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true] .poll_container .up_next .play:after{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/play.svg);background-color:currentColor;color:#fff;content:"";display:inline-block;height:100%;height:26px;left:53%;line-height:26px;-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-size:var(--icon-mask-size,100%) var(--icon-mask-size,100%);mask-size:var(--icon-mask-size,100%) var(--icon-mask-size,100%);position:absolute;top:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%);width:100%;width:26px}.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true] .poll_container .up_next .up_next_content{display:inline-grid;line-height:1;margin:0;text-align:left}.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true] .poll_container .up_next .up_next_title{color:var(--poll-primary-color);font-weight:700;margin-bottom:4px}@keyframes fade-in{0%{opacity:0}to{opacity:1}}.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true] .poll_container .poll_leaderboard_container{background:#f2f1ef;display:flex;height:50px;justify-content:center;margin:16px -24px -24px}.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true] .poll_container .poll_leaderboard_container iframe{margin:0 auto}.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true] .poll_ad_container{display:flex;justify-content:center;margin:16px auto;min-height:250px}.poll_wrapper[data-hydrated=true] .poll_ad_container iframe{margin:0}.recommendation{align-items:center;background:#fff;border:1px solid #333;border-radius:8px;container-name:recommendation;container-type:inline-size;display:grid;font-family:Bronkoh,fallback-font-sans-serif,sans-serif;gap:16px;grid-template-columns:auto 1fr;margin:24px auto!important;padding:16px;position:relative;text-wrap:balance}.recommendation__badge{background:#fff;color:#e02f32;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;left:8px;line-height:1;padding-inline:8px;position:absolute;text-transform:uppercase;top:0;transform:translateY(-50%)}.recommendation__thumbnail{background:#d1d1d1;border-radius:8px;margin:0!important;width:160px!important}.recommendation__details{margin:0!important;padding-right:32px}.recommendation__title{color:#172425;display:block;font-size:18px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.2}.recommendation__strapline{color:#172425;font-size:15px;line-height:1.2;margin:4px 0 0!important;text-wrap:pretty}@container recommendation (max-width: 500px){.recommendation__thumbnail{height:100%!important;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;width:112px!important}.recommendation__details{padding-right:0}.recommendation__strapline{display:none}}.article-styling ul.inline{padding:0}.article-styling ul.inline li{border-right:1px solid #172425;display:inline;line-height:2;list-style-type:none;margin-left:8px;padding-right:8px}.article-styling ul.inline li:first-of-type{margin-left:0}.article-styling ul.inline li:last-of-type{border-right:none;padding-right:0}.article-styling ol,.article-styling ul{line-height:inherit;position:relative}.article-styling ol ol,.article-styling ol ul,.article-styling ul ol,.article-styling ul ul{margin-bottom:8px;margin-left:16px;margin-top:8px;padding-right:0}.article-styling ol li,.article-styling ul li{margin-left:16px;margin-top:8px}.article-styling ol li:first-of-type,.article-styling ul li:first-of-type{margin-top:0}.article-styling ul>li::marker{color:#172425}.article-styling dl,.article-styling ol,.article-styling ul{margin:24px auto;max-width:100%}.article-styling ul>li{list-style:disc}.article-styling ol{list-style:decimal}.article-styling ol ol{list-style-type:lower-roman}.article-styling ol ul,.article-styling ul ul{list-style:circle}.article-styling dt{font-style:italic;font-synthesis:initial}.article-styling dt:not(:first-child){margin-top:16px}.article-styling dd:not(:first-child){margin-top:8px}.article-styling dl dl{padding-left:16px;padding-right:0}.article-styling dl dl:not(:first-child){margin-top:16px}.article-styling{font-size:18px;line-height:1.4;--table-scroll-width:100%;--table-scroll-offset:16px;margin:var(--section-margin,64px) auto;position:relative}.article-styling aside,.article-styling blockquote,.article-styling figure,.article-styling h2,.article-styling h3,.article-styling h4,.article-styling h5,.article-styling h6,.article-styling iframe,.article-styling img,.article-styling ol,.article-styling p,.article-styling section,.article-styling table,.article-styling ul{margin:24px auto}.article-styling h2,.article-styling h3,.article-styling h4,.article-styling h5,.article-styling h6{margin-top:40px}.article-styling h2+h2,.article-styling h2+h3,.article-styling h2+h4,.article-styling h2+h5,.article-styling h2+h6,.article-styling h3+h2,.article-styling h3+h3,.article-styling h3+h4,.article-styling h3+h5,.article-styling h3+h6,.article-styling h4+h2,.article-styling h4+h3,.article-styling h4+h4,.article-styling h4+h5,.article-styling h4+h6,.article-styling h5+h2,.article-styling h5+h3,.article-styling h5+h4,.article-styling h5+h5,.article-styling h5+h6,.article-styling h6+h2,.article-styling h6+h3,.article-styling h6+h4,.article-styling h6+h5,.article-styling h6+h6{margin-top:24px}.article-styling section{margin-top:40px}.article-styling hr{margin:40px 0}.article-styling iframe,.article-styling img{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.article-styling h2,.article-styling h3,.article-styling h4,.article-styling h5,.article-styling h6{color:#172425;font-family:Bronkoh,fallback-font-sans-serif,sans-serif;font-weight:700;line-height:1}.article-styling h2{font-size:30px}.article-styling h3{font-size:23px}.article-styling h4{font-size:21px}.article-styling h5{font-size:19px}.article-styling h6{font-size:19px;font-weight:400}.article-styling b,.article-styling strong{color:#172425}.article-styling a:not(.button,.link--invert){color:#000;color:#e02f32;text-decoration:underline}.article-styling a:not(.button,.link--invert):hover,.article-styling a:not(.button,.link--invert):hover>*{text-decoration:none}.article-styling .aside{font-size:14px}@media screen and (min-width:501px){.article-styling .aside,.article-styling .aside.left{clear:both;margin-top:0;max-width:270px;position:relative;z-index:2}.article-styling .aside:not(.left){float:right;margin-left:32px}.article-styling .aside.left{float:left;margin-right:32px}}@media screen and (min-width:1261px){.article-styling .aside:not(.left){margin-right:-80px}.article-styling .aside.left{margin-left:-80px}}.article-styling .aside>*{margin:0 0 16px}.article-styling blockquote:not(.twitter-tweet,.tiktok-embed){color:#172425;font-family:Bronkoh,fallback-font-sans-serif,sans-serif;font-weight:700;line-height:1}.article-styling blockquote:not(.twitter-tweet,.tiktok-embed):not(.pullquote){background:#f2f1ef;font-size:19px;margin:32px 0;padding:16px;position:relative;text-align:center}.article-styling blockquote:not(.twitter-tweet,.tiktok-embed).pullquote{background:#fff;border-bottom:1px solid #707070;border-top:1px solid #707070;font-size:30px;line-height:32px;padding:32px 16px;position:relative;text-align:center;z-index:1}@media screen and (min-width:501px){.article-styling blockquote:not(.twitter-tweet,.tiktok-embed).pullquote.left,.article-styling blockquote:not(.twitter-tweet,.tiktok-embed).pullquote.right{clear:both;margin-top:0;max-width:270px;position:relative;z-index:2}.article-styling blockquote:not(.twitter-tweet,.tiktok-embed).pullquote.right:not(.left){float:right;margin-left:32px}.article-styling blockquote:not(.twitter-tweet,.tiktok-embed).pullquote.left{float:left;margin-right:32px}}@media screen and (min-width:1261px){.article-styling blockquote:not(.twitter-tweet,.tiktok-embed).pullquote.right:not(.left){margin-right:-80px}.article-styling blockquote:not(.twitter-tweet,.tiktok-embed).pullquote.left{margin-left:-80px}}.article-styling blockquote:not(.twitter-tweet,.tiktok-embed).pullquote p{line-height:inherit}.article-styling blockquote:not(.twitter-tweet,.tiktok-embed) cite{display:block;font-size:21px;font-weight:400;margin-top:24px}.article-styling blockquote:not(.twitter-tweet,.tiktok-embed)>:first-child{margin-top:0}.article-styling blockquote:not(.twitter-tweet,.tiktok-embed)>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.article-styling code,.article-styling pre,.article-styling samp{font-family:monospace;font-size:15px;line-height:1.4}.article-styling .instagram-media,.article-styling .twitter-tweet{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;max-width:540px}@media screen and (min-width:501px){.article-styling figure.left,.article-styling figure.right{clear:both;margin-top:0;max-width:270px;position:relative;z-index:2}.article-styling figure.right:not(.left){float:right;margin-left:32px}.article-styling figure.left{float:left;margin-right:32px}}@media screen and (min-width:1261px){.article-styling figure.right:not(.left){margin-right:-80px}.article-styling figure.left{margin-left:-80px}}.article-styling hr{border:none;border-top:1px solid #e02f32}.article-styling .by{float:left;font-weight:700}.article-styling .by:after{content:":\00a0"}.article-styling .comment{font-style:italic}.article-styling .synopsis{display:flow-root;font-family:Bronkoh,fallback-font-sans-serif,sans-serif;font-size:21px;font-weight:400;line-height:22px}@media screen and (max-width:500px){.article-styling .synopsis{margin:16px auto;text-align:center}}.article-styling .endnote{border-top:1px solid #d1d1d1;font-style:italic;padding-top:24px}.article-styling .apester-media{margin:24px auto}.article-styling .apester-media iframe{margin:0}.article-styling table{border-spacing:0;clear:both;color:#000;font-size:15px;margin:24px auto;max-width:100%;width:100%}.article-styling table caption:not(:last-child){margin-bottom:24px}@media screen and (max-width:500px){.article-styling table{display:block;height:100%;overflow-x:auto;position:relative}.article-styling table[data-scroll=true]{background-attachment:local,local,scroll,scroll;background-image:linear-gradient(90deg,#fff,#fff),linear-gradient(270deg,#fff,#fff),linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(0,0,0,.25),#fff),linear-gradient(270deg,rgba(0,0,0,.25),#fff);background-position:0,100%,0,100%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:var(--table-scroll-offset) 100%,var(--table-scroll-offset) 100%,10px 100%,10px 100%;margin-left:calc(var(--table-scroll-offset)*-1);min-width:100vw;padding:0 var(--table-scroll-offset);transition:background-image .15s ease-in-out}.article-styling table[data-scroll=true] caption,.article-styling table[data-scroll=true] colgroup{background:#fff;display:block;margin-left:calc(var(--table-scroll-offset)*-1);min-width:var(--table-scroll-width)}.article-styling table[data-scroll=true] caption{margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:24px}.article-styling table td,.article-styling table th{min-width:120px}.article-styling table figure{min-width:80px}}.article-styling table:not([data-visible-rows="0"])~.nothing-found{display:none}.article-styling table:not([data-stacked=true]) th{background:#767573;border-bottom:1px solid #767573;color:#fff;font-weight:700;vertical-align:middle}.article-styling table:not([data-stacked=true]) th a{color:#fff}.article-styling table:not([data-stacked=true]) th[scope=row]{background:#f2f1ef;color:#172425}.article-styling table[data-stacked=true]{display:table}.article-styling table[data-stacked=true] tr.filled{background:#f2f1ef}.article-styling table[data-stacked=true] th{font-weight:700}.article-styling td,.article-styling th{padding:12px;text-align:left}.article-styling td:empty,.article-styling th:empty{padding:0}.article-styling td :first-child,.article-styling th :first-child{margin-top:0}.article-styling td :last-child,.article-styling th :last-child{margin-bottom:0}.article-styling td{border-right:1px solid #d1d1d1;vertical-align:top}.article-styling td:last-child{border-right:none}.article-styling table:not([data-visible-rows="1"]) tr{border-bottom:1px solid #d1d1d1}.article-styling table:not([data-visible-rows="1"]) tr:last-child{border-bottom:none}.article-styling tfoot td{background:#d1d1d1}.article-styling th{white-space:nowrap}.article-styling th.sortable{cursor:pointer}.article-styling th.sortable:after{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/sort.svg);background-color:currentColor;content:"";display:inline-block;height:1em;-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-size:100% 100%;mask-size:100% 100%;opacity:.5;vertical-align:middle;width:2em}.article-styling th.sortable[data-sort=asc]:after{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/sort-up.svg);-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);opacity:1}.article-styling th.sortable[data-sort=desc]:after{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/sort-down.svg);-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);opacity:1}.article-styling .table-wrapper{clear:both;margin:24px auto}.article-styling .table-wrapper .search{clear:both;margin:0 0 8px;position:relative}.article-styling .table-wrapper .search input{border:1px solid #d1d1d1;color:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-size:15px;line-height:1;margin:0;padding:6px 32px;vertical-align:middle;width:100%}.article-styling .table-wrapper .search input::-moz-placeholder{color:#707070}.article-styling .table-wrapper .search input::placeholder{color:#707070}.article-styling .table-wrapper .search .reset-button{height:100%;opacity:.5;position:absolute;right:0;width:32px}.article-styling .table-wrapper .search .reset-button:hover{opacity:1}.article-styling .table-wrapper .search input:-moz-placeholder-shown~.reset-button{display:none}.article-styling .table-wrapper .search input:placeholder-shown~.reset-button{display:none}.article-styling .table-wrapper .reset-button:before,.article-styling .table-wrapper .search:before{background:currentColor;color:inherit;content:"";height:100%;left:0;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-size:50% 50%;mask-size:50% 50%;position:absolute;top:0}.article-styling .table-wrapper .search:before{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/magnifying-glass.svg);-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);pointer-events:none;width:32px}.article-styling .table-wrapper .reset-button:before{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/circle-xmark.svg);-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);width:100%}.article-styling .table-wrapper .alert.nothing-found{margin:8px 0 0}.article-styling .table-wrapper table{margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0}.article-styling .advert iframe{margin:0}.social-sign-in-button{align-items:center;background:var(--social-button-background);border:1px solid var(--social-button-border);border-radius:4px;display:flex;font-size:16px;font-weight:400;justify-content:center;line-height:1;min-height:44px;min-width:44px;padding:4px 8px;text-decoration:none}.social-sign-in-button,.social-sign-in-button:focus,.social-sign-in-button:hover{color:var(--social-button-color)}.social-sign-in-button span,.social-sign-in-button:focus span,.social-sign-in-button:hover span{text-decoration:none}.social-sign-in-button[data-provider=google-oauth2]{--social-button-logo:url(/static/vendor/img/google-logo.png);--social-button-background:#fff;--social-button-color:#3c4043;--social-button-border:#dadce0}.social-sign-in-button[data-provider=facebook]{--social-button-logo:url(/static/brands/facebook.svg);--social-button-background:#1877f2;--social-button-color:#fff;--social-button-border:#1877f2}.social-sign-in-button[data-provider=facebook]:before{filter:invert(100%)}.social-sign-in-button[data-provider=twitter]{--social-button-logo:url(/static/brands/twitter.svg);--social-button-background:#1d9bf0;--social-button-color:#fff;--social-button-border:#1d9bf0}.social-sign-in-button[data-provider=twitter]:before{filter:invert(100%)}.social-sign-in-button[data-provider=reddit]{--social-button-logo:url(/static/brands/reddit-alien.svg);--social-button-background:#ff4500;--social-button-color:#fff;--social-button-border:#ff4500}.social-sign-in-button[data-provider=reddit]:before{filter:invert(100%)}.social-sign-in-button:before{background:var(--social-button-logo) center /contain no-repeat;content:"";height:calc(1em + 8px);width:calc(1em + 8px)}.social-sign-in-button__text{margin-left:8px}.sign-in-buttons__social{display:flex;justify-content:center}.sign-in-buttons__social .social-sign-in-button{font-size:14px}.sign-in-buttons__social .social-sign-in-button:first-of-type{flex-grow:1}.sign-in-buttons__social .social-sign-in-button:not(:last-of-type){margin:0 8px 0 0}.sign-in-buttons__social .social-sign-in-button:not(:first-of-type) .social-sign-in-button__text{display:none}.sign-in-buttons__email{color:inherit;display:block;font-size:14px;margin:8px 0 0;text-align:center;text-decoration:underline}.sign-in-buttons__email:hover{text-decoration:none}@media screen and (min-width:769px){.sign-in-buttons__email{margin:16px 0 0}}.sign-in-buttons[data-mode=stacked] .sign-in-buttons__social{flex-wrap:wrap}.sign-in-buttons[data-mode=stacked] .sign-in-buttons__social .social-sign-in-button{flex-grow:1}.sign-in-buttons[data-mode=stacked] .sign-in-buttons__social .social-sign-in-button:first-of-type{margin:0 0 8px;width:100%}.smart-slot{--smart-slot-circle-size:192px;align-items:center;border:1px solid #172425;border-radius:8px;display:grid;gap:32px 64px;grid-template-columns:2fr 1fr;justify-items:center;margin:32px auto;padding:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.smart-slot{--smart-slot-circle-size:140px;grid-template-columns:auto}}.smart-slot__strapline,.smart-slot__title{line-height:1;text-wrap:balance}.smart-slot__title{font-size:22px;font-weight:700;margin:0}.smart-slot__strapline{font-size:16px;margin:16px 0 0}.smart-slot__cta{margin:32px 0 0}.smart-slot__button{justify-content:center;text-align:center;width:100%}.smart-slot__image{align-items:center;background:#fa9fa1;border-radius:50%;display:flex;height:var(--smart-slot-circle-size);justify-content:center;width:var(--smart-slot-circle-size)}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.smart-slot__image{margin:auto;order:-1}}.smart-slot__image img{max-height:100%;-o-object-fit:contain;object-fit:contain}.tagged_with{margin:var(--section-margin,64px) 0}.tagged_with--primary details{margin-top:24px}.tagged_with--primary summary{width:100%}.tagged_with--primary .button{justify-self:start;margin:0}.tagged_with__notification{color:#707070;font-size:15px;font-style:italic;margin:16px auto}.tagged_with__items--grid{display:grid;gap:24px 16px}@media screen and (min-width:1025px){.tagged_with__items--grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}}.tagged_with_item--primary{align-items:start;display:grid;gap:12px;grid-template-columns:auto 1fr;position:relative}.tagged_with__cover_image{background:#f4f4f5;border-radius:4px;display:flex;flex-flow:column nowrap;height:100px;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;text-align:center;width:75px}.tagged_with__cover_image_placeholder{color:#b4bcc0;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;user-select:none}.tagged_with__cover_image img{height:100%;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover}.tagged_with__details{align-content:center;display:grid;gap:8px;height:100%}.tagged_with__title{font-size:17px;font-weight:700;text-wrap:balance}.tagged_with__strapline{color:#575757;font-size:14px;text-wrap:balance}.tagged_with--secondary .section_title,.tagged_with--secondary .tagged_with__items{display:inline}.tagged_with--secondary .tagged_with__items{line-height:2}.tagged_with--secondary .section_title{margin-right:4px}.tagged_with--secondary details{display:contents}.tagged_with_item--secondary{font-size:15px}.tagged_with_item--secondary:has(+.tagged_with_item,+details):after{content:"\00a0· ";font-weight:700}.tagged_with .see-more--inline{cursor:pointer;display:inline;font-size:15px}.tagged_with .see-more--inline:hover{text-decoration:underline}.tagged_with .button{position:relative;text-wrap:balance;z-index:1}.tagged_with details[open] .see-more{display:none}.tagged_with summary::-webkit-details-marker,.tagged_with summary::marker{content:"";display:none}.tagged_with p{line-height:1;margin:0}.article_footer{clear:both;margin:var(--section-margin,64px) auto 0;max-width:720px}.tagged_with{font-size:15px;margin:16px 0}.tagged_with .section_title{border:none;color:#172425;font-family:Bronkoh,fallback-font-sans-serif,sans-serif;font-weight:700;line-height:1;padding:0}.author_bio{align-items:stretch;border-top:1px solid var(--section-color);display:flex;margin:16px 0 48px}.author_bio .section_title{border-left:none;float:left;margin:0 48px 0 0;padding:12px 12px 96px 4px;transform:rotate(180deg);writing-mode:vertical-rl}@media screen and (max-width:500px){.author_bio .section_title{margin-right:24px}.author_bio .section_title.small{margin-right:12px}}.author_bio .view_archive{width:calc(100% - 64px)}@media screen and (max-width:500px){.author_bio .view_archive{width:100%}}.author_bio .summary{margin:32px 0 0}.review_policy{font-style:italic;margin:var(--section-margin,64px) auto}.article_header{font-family:Bronkoh,fallback-font-sans-serif,sans-serif}.article_header .title{font-size:30px;font-weight:300;line-height:1}.article_header .strapline{font-family:Baskerville,fallback-font-serif,serif;font-size:21px;margin-top:16px}body[data-version=hd] .article_header .headline_details{padding:16px 64px;text-align:center}body[data-version=hd] .article_header .title{font-size:40px}.article-styling figure iframe,.article-styling figure img{margin:0 auto}.article-styling figure figure{margin:0}.article-styling figure[role=group]{clear:both;display:grid;grid-column-gap:24px;grid-row-gap:24px;grid-template-columns:repeat(var(--figure-group-columns,1),1fr)}@media screen and (min-width:501px){.article-styling figure[role=group]{--figure-group-columns:2}}.article-styling figure[role=group] figure{width:100%}.article-styling figure[role=group] figure:last-of-type:nth-of-type(odd){grid-column:span var(--figure-group-columns,1)}.article-styling figure[role=group]>figcaption{grid-column:span var(--figure-group-columns,1);margin-top:-12px;padding-top:0}.article-styling figure[role=group] img{width:100%}.article-styling section>figure,.article-styling>figure{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.author-inline{align-items:center;display:grid;font-size:15px;gap:12px;grid-template-columns:30px auto;margin:var(--section-margin,64px) 0}.author-inline .avatar{height:30px}.author-inline .name{font-weight:700}.covers-shelf__items{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,100px);grid-gap:16px;justify-content:space-evenly;margin:16px 0}@media screen and (min-width:769px){.covers-shelf__items{grid-template-columns:repeat(6,1fr);grid-gap:32px;justify-content:space-between}}.covers-shelf__item{height:100%;position:relative}.covers-shelf__name{margin:8px 0 0}.covers-shelf__year{color:#172425;display:block;font-size:14px;margin-top:4px}.covers-shelf .placeholder,.covers-shelf .thumbnail_image{border-radius:8px;height:134px;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;width:100px}.covers-shelf .placeholder{height:134px}.latest-lists{margin-block:48px}.latest-lists__wrapper{display:grid;gap:32px 48px;grid-template-columns:repeat(var(--latest-lists-columns,1),1fr)}.latest-lists__items{display:grid;gap:12px;list-style:disc}.latest-lists__item{font-size:16px;line-height:1.2;margin-left:1em}.latest-lists__item-inner{display:flex;gap:24px;justify-content:space-between;text-wrap:pretty}.latest-lists .comments{font-size:14px;white-space:nowrap}body[data-version=hd] .latest-lists{--latest-lists-columns:3}body[data-video-layout=false] .article-container{max-width:720px}.article-container{margin:0 auto}.article .inline-gallery-caption,.article figcaption{border-left:1px solid #767573;color:#767573;font-size:15px;line-height:1;margin:12px auto 0;padding-left:12px;position:relative;text-align:left;width:100%}.article .inline-gallery-caption .attribution,.article figcaption .attribution{font-style:italic}.article .inline-gallery-caption .video,.article figcaption .video{margin-left:4px}.article .inline-gallery-caption:empty,.article figcaption:empty{display:none}.article figure.right figcaption{border-left:none;padding-left:0}.article figure .button.video{margin-top:8px;width:-moz-max-content;width:max-content}body[data-page=article] .disclaimer{margin:0 auto 8px}.article_header{display:grid;gap:24px}.article_header .title{margin:0;text-wrap:pretty}.article_header .strapline{margin:8px 0 0}.article_header .headline_image{height:auto;margin:0 auto;width:100%}.article_header .metadata{align-items:center;border-bottom:1px solid #d1d1d1;display:grid;font-size:15px;grid-template-columns:auto 1fr;padding-bottom:16px;row-gap:16px}.article_header .metadata .avatar{flex-shrink:0;height:70px;margin:0 16px 0 0;width:70px}.article_header .metadata .text{display:grid;gap:8px}.article_header .metadata .text .byline .article_type{font-weight:700}.article_header .metadata .text .byline .author:not(:last-child):after{content:","}.article_header .metadata .mypop-header-wrapper{grid-column:1/span 2}.breadcrumbs{border-bottom:1px solid #707070;font-size:14px;line-height:1em;padding-bottom:8px}.breadcrumbs li{display:inline}.breadcrumbs li+li:before{content:"/";font-size:1em;line-height:inherit;margin:0 2px}.disclaimer+.article-container{border-top:1px solid #f2f1ef;padding-top:16px}.article_body_content code,.article_body_content pre,.article_body_content samp{background:#f2f1ef;border-radius:4px;font-family:monospace;font-size:14px;padding:3px 6px}.article_body_content code,.article_body_content samp{padding:3px 6px}.article_body_content pre{display:block;overflow-x:auto;padding:12px;width:100%}.article_body_content .copy_to_clipboard{background-color:#efefef;display:grid;grid-template-columns:auto auto;justify-content:space-between;margin:16px 0;max-width:128px;min-width:128px;overflow:auto;position:relative;white-space:nowrap}.article_body_content .copy_to_clipboard:has(.copy_button){max-width:100%}.article_body_content .copy_to_clipboard .copy_text{display:inline-flex;font-family:monospace;font-size:13px;line-height:1.2;margin:0;max-width:100%;overflow-x:auto;padding:4px 8px;position:relative;--overflow-shadow-background:#efefef}.article_body_content .copy_to_clipboard .copy_button{background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #d1d1d1;cursor:pointer;font-size:13px;min-width:66px;padding:2px 8px;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content}.article_body_content .copy_to_clipboard .copy_button:hover{text-decoration:underline}.article_body_content .injection_placeholder:empty{display:none}#view_comments{width:100%}@media screen and (min-width:769px){#view_comments{width:inherit}}body[data-version=hd][data-video-layout=true] .article{padding-right:316px;position:relative}body[data-version=hd] .article_header .metadata{grid-template-columns:auto 1fr auto}body[data-version=hd] .article_header .metadata .mypop-header-wrapper{grid-column:initial;max-width:280px;padding-left:16px}.carousel{--carousel-item-width:291px;--carousel-offset:16px}.carousel[data-hide-indicators=true] .carousel_indicators,.carousel[data-max-index="0"] .carousel_indicators,.carousel[data-max-index="0"] .pagination_button{display:none}.carousel_container{align-items:center;display:flex}.carousel_items{display:flex;flex-grow:1;margin:0 calc(var(--carousel-offset)*-1);overflow:auto hidden;padding:0 var(--carousel-offset) 12px 0;position:relative;scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-snap-type:x mandatory}.carousel_item{flex-shrink:0;margin-right:calc(16px - var(--carousel-offset));overflow-wrap:anywhere;padding-left:var(--carousel-offset);scroll-snap-align:start;width:calc(var(--carousel-item-width) + var(--carousel-offset))}.carousel_item:last-of-type{margin-right:0}.carousel_indicator_container{align-items:center;display:flex;justify-content:center;width:100%}.carousel_indicators{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center}.carousel_indicator{align-items:center;display:flex;height:36px;justify-content:center;width:36px}.carousel_indicator.hidden{display:none}.carousel .button{flex-shrink:0;padding:0}.carousel .button.left{margin-right:16px}.carousel .button.right{margin-left:16px}.carousel .button.indicator{border-radius:50%;height:12px;max-width:none;width:12px}body[data-version=hd] .carousel{--carousel-offset:0px}body[data-version=hd] .carousel_items{-ms-overflow-style:none;scrollbar-width:none}body[data-version=hd] .carousel_items::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none}body[data-version=mobile] .carousel .pagination_button{display:none}.sign-in-promo{background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #172425;border-radius:8px;display:block;margin:32px auto 0;max-width:690px;padding:16px;position:sticky;top:-8px;z-index:2}@media screen and (min-width:769px){.sign-in-promo{padding:24px}}.sign-in-promo__strapline{font-size:16px;line-height:1.2;margin:0 0 8px;text-align:center;text-wrap:balance}.sign-in-promo .social-sign-in-button{max-width:270px}#comments{font-size:15px;margin:32px auto;max-width:720px;text-align:left;--comments-spacing:24px;--comments-indent:20px}#comments .post .message{opacity:.75}#comments .post .toggling .message{margin:16px 0 0}#comments .post .toggling summary{cursor:pointer}#comments .markdown{font-size:16px;line-height:1.3;word-break:break-word}@media screen and (max-width:500px){#comments .markdown{font-size:15px}}#comments .markdown blockquote,#comments .markdown hr,#comments .markdown ol,#comments .markdown p,#comments .markdown ul{margin:0 0 12px}#comments .markdown blockquote:last-child,#comments .markdown hr:last-child,#comments .markdown ol:last-child,#comments .markdown p:last-child,#comments .markdown ul:last-child{margin:0}#comments .markdown ol,#comments .markdown ul{padding-left:1rem}#comments .markdown ul li{list-style:disc}#comments .markdown ol li{list-style:decimal}#comments .markdown li{margin:8px 0}#comments .markdown strong{font-weight:700}#comments .markdown em{font-style:italic}#comments .markdown hr{border:none;border-top:1px solid #172425}#comments .markdown code{font-family:monospace}#comments .markdown blockquote{border-left:1px solid #172425;padding-left:8px}@media screen and (max-width:500px){#comments{font-size:14px;--comments-spacing:20px;--comments-indent:16px}}#comments .section_title{margin:0 0 16px}#comments .post_form{overflow:hidden}#comments .post_form textarea{border:none;flex-grow:1;resize:none}#comments form{max-width:100%}#comments form p{margin:0}#comments form textarea{font-family:inherit;font-size:16px;line-height:1.3;outline:none;overflow-y:auto;padding:8px;width:100%}#comments form textarea::-moz-placeholder{color:#172425;opacity:.75}#comments form textarea::placeholder{color:#172425;opacity:.75}#comments form textarea:not(.hidden){display:block}#comments .button{border-width:1px}#comments .button[disabled]{cursor:not-allowed;opacity:.75}#comments .guidelines p{margin:16px 0;text-wrap:pretty}#comments .compose{border:1px solid #d1d1d1;border-radius:8px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:220px;min-height:220px;overflow:hidden;resize:vertical}#comments .toolbar{background:#f4f4f4;border-bottom:1px solid #d1d1d1;padding:4px}#comments .toolbar .action_button{background:#fff}@media screen and (max-width:500px){#comments .toolbar .action_button{--offset:16px*.75;padding:20px}#comments .toolbar .action_button .text{display:none}}#comments .container[data-loaded=true]>.spinner_wrapper{display:none}#comments .container[data-pending=true]{opacity:.5}#comments .container[data-pending=true] .submit{pointer-events:none}#comments .container .root_post_form_wrapper{margin-bottom:32px}#comments .container .root_post_form_wrapper .cancel{display:none}#comments .container .button_group{margin-top:16px}#comments .container .alert{margin:16px 0}#comments .container .thread-actions{border-bottom:1px solid #d1d1d1;display:grid;gap:16px;margin:32px 0 var(--comments-spacing);padding-bottom:16px}@media screen and (min-width:501px){#comments .container .thread-actions{align-items:center;grid-template-columns:1fr auto}}#comments .container .amount{font-weight:700}#comments .container .sort{align-items:center;display:flex;gap:8px}#comments .container .sort__label{font-weight:700;margin:0}#comments .container .sort select{margin:0;width:auto}#comments .container .post__wrapper:has(.post[data-parent-count="0"]){border-bottom:1px solid #d1d1d1;margin-bottom:var(--comments-spacing)}#comments .container .post__wrapper:has(.post[data-pinned=true]){border:1px solid #172425;padding:var(--comments-spacing) var(--comments-spacing) 0}#comments .container .post__children{border-left:1px solid #d1d1d1;padding-left:var(--comments-indent)}#comments .container .post{margin:0 0 var(--comments-spacing);position:relative}#comments .container .post[data-action=editing] .actions[data-type=respond],#comments .container .post[data-action=editing] .what,#comments .container .post[data-action=removing] .actions[data-type=respond],#comments .container .post[data-action=replying] .actions[data-type=respond],#comments .container .post[data-collapsed=false] [data-action=show],#comments .container .post[data-collapsed=true] [data-action=hide],#comments .container .post[data-collapsed=true]~.post__children,#comments .container .post[data-reply-count="0"] .actions[data-type=collapse],#comments .container .post[data-reply-count="0"] [data-action=hide],#comments .container .post[data-reply-count="0"]~.post__children{display:none}#comments .container .post.highlight .markdown{background-color:#f2f1ef;padding:8px}#comments .container .post .removed,#comments .container .post .username .name{color:#172425;font-size:inherit;font-weight:700}#comments .container .post .removed{font-style:italic;opacity:.75}#comments .container .post .when{font-size:15px}#comments .container .post .scrim{opacity:.75}#comments .container .post .actions{margin-top:12px;position:relative;width:100%}#comments .container .post .actions:empty{display:none}#comments .container .post .actions .button{font-weight:400;margin:0 4px 0 0;width:auto}#comments .container .post .actions-overflow{display:inline-block;position:relative}#comments .container .post .actions-overflow .overflow{min-width:2.25rem;position:relative}#comments .container .post .actions-overflow .overflow:before{background-color:currentColor;display:inline-block;height:100%;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-size:var(--icon-mask-size,70%) var(--icon-mask-size,70%);mask-size:var(--icon-mask-size,70%) var(--icon-mask-size,70%);--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/ellipsis-vertical.svg);content:"";height:16px;left:0;-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);position:absolute;right:0;width:100%}#comments .container .post .actions-overflow .overflow:active+.actions-overflow-inner,#comments .container .post .actions-overflow .overflow:hover+.actions-overflow-inner{display:block}#comments .container .post .actions-overflow-inner{background:#fff;border:1px solid #d1d1d1;display:none;padding:8px 8px 0;position:absolute;top:100%;z-index:1}#comments .container .post .actions-overflow-inner:hover{display:block}#comments .container .post .actions-overflow-inner form{display:inline}#comments .container .post .actions-overflow-inner .button{clear:both;display:block;margin:0 0 8px;width:100%}#comments .container .post .like_form{display:inline-flex}#comments .container .post .pinning.hidden{display:none}#comments .container .post .pinning p{margin:0 0 12px}#comments .container .reporting{cursor:auto;display:none}#comments .container .reporting .container{background:#fff;border-radius:8px;max-height:100%;max-width:600px;overflow-y:auto;padding:32px}@media screen and (max-width:500px){#comments .container .reporting .container{padding:16px}}#comments .container .reporting .container p{font-weight:700;margin:16px 0 8px}#comments .container .reporting .container #id_reason{display:grid;grid-row-gap:8px;margin:0 0 16px;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content}#comments .container .reporting .container label{align-items:center;-moz-column-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;display:grid;font-size:inherit;font-weight:400;grid-template-columns:auto 1fr;margin:0}#comments .container .reporting .container input[type=radio]{margin:auto;width:-moz-max-content;width:max-content}#comments .container .reporting .container textarea{margin:0}#comments .container .metadata{-moz-column-gap:8px;column-gap:8px;display:grid;grid-template-columns:auto 1fr;line-height:1;margin:0 0 8px;row-gap:2px}#comments .container .metadata .avatar{grid-row:span 2;height:34px;width:34px}#comments .container .what{margin:12px 0}#comments .container .edited{display:block;font-style:italic;margin-top:8px;opacity:.75}#comments .container .message{margin:12px 0}#comments .preview{background:#f2f1ef;border:1px solid #d1d1d1;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;height:220px;line-height:1.3;margin:0;min-height:220px;overflow-y:auto;padding:8px}#comments .preview *{line-height:inherit}#comments .preview.loading{align-items:center;display:flex;justify-content:center;position:relative}#comments .preview .alert{margin:0}#comments .action_button{--offset:8px;--size:16px;--spacing:6px;--padding-left:calc(var(--size) + var(--offset) + var(--spacing));padding-left:var(--padding-left);position:relative}#comments .action_button:before{background-color:currentColor;content:"";display:inline-block;height:100%;height:16px;left:var(--offset);-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-size:var(--icon-mask-size,100%) var(--icon-mask-size,100%);mask-size:var(--icon-mask-size,100%) var(--icon-mask-size,100%);position:absolute;width:100%;width:16px}#comments .action_button.like,#comments .action_button[data-liked=false]{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/regular/heart.svg)}#comments .action_button[data-liked=true]{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/heart.svg)}#comments .action_button[data-action=show]{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/regular/square-plus.svg)}#comments .action_button[data-action=hide]{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/regular/square-minus.svg)}#comments .action_button[data-action=bold]{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/bold.svg)}#comments .action_button[data-action=italic]{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/italic.svg)}#comments .action_button[data-action=link]{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/link.svg)}#comments .action_button[data-action=quote]{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/quote-left.svg)}#comments .action_button[data-action=list]{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/list.svg)}#comments .action_button[data-action=spoiler]{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/eye-slash.svg)}#comments .action_button[data-action=hide],#comments .action_button[data-action=show]{--offset:0px;border:none;margin:0;padding:0 0 0 var(--padding-left)}.back_to_article{margin:24px auto 32px;max-width:720px;text-align:center}.back_to_article~#comments{min-height:100svh}.load-comments{margin:32px auto}.posts .advert_container{border-bottom:1px solid #d1d1d1;margin:0 0 var(--comments-spacing);padding:0 0 var(--comments-spacing)}.posts .advert_container .mpu,.posts .advert_container .poll_leaderboard{background:#efefef;margin:auto}.posts .advert_container .mpu{width:300px}.posts .advert_container .poll_leaderboard{height:100px;width:320px}.posts .advert_container iframe{margin:auto}#comments{font-family:Bronkoh,fallback-font-sans-serif,sans-serif;margin-top:32px}#comments .section_title{display:none}#comments .amount{font-weight:700}.back_to_article{font-family:Bronkoh,fallback-font-sans-serif,sans-serif}.back_to_article a{color:#000;text-decoration:underline}.back_to_article a:hover,.back_to_article a:hover>*{text-decoration:none}.gallery_grid{display:grid;grid-gap:16px;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}.gallery_grid a{display:flex;height:100%}.gallery_grid img{-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;width:100%}body[data-gallery=true]{overflow:hidden}.gallery .headline{cursor:zoom-in}.gallery{clear:both}.gallery .loading{bottom:0;display:none;left:0;margin:auto;position:absolute;right:0;top:0}.gallery[data-loaded=false] .loading{align-items:center;display:flex;justify-content:center}.gallery[data-loaded=false] .image{opacity:0}.gallery .image_wrapper{cursor:zoom-in;height:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding-bottom:56.25%;position:relative;width:100%}.gallery .image_wrapper .details_overlay .counter{background:#fff;color:#000;left:0;padding:5px 10px;position:absolute;top:0}.gallery .image_wrapper .details_overlay .attribution,.gallery .image_wrapper .details_overlay .caption{display:none}@media screen and (min-width:1025px){.gallery .image_wrapper .details_overlay .attribution,.gallery .image_wrapper .details_overlay .caption{display:initial}}.gallery .image_wrapper div,.gallery .image_wrapper img,.gallery .image_wrapper nav{margin:0}.gallery .image_wrapper .image{height:100%;margin-top:0;-o-object-fit:contain;object-fit:contain;position:absolute;width:100%}.gallery .pagination{display:none;height:100%;position:absolute;top:0;width:100%}@media screen and (min-width:1025px){.gallery .pagination{display:initial}}.gallery .pagination .next{position:absolute;right:0;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%)}.gallery .pagination .previous{left:0;position:absolute;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%)}.gallery .pagination .button{opacity:0}.gallery .image_wrapper:hover~.pagination .button,.gallery .pagination:hover .button{margin-bottom:4px;opacity:1}.gallery .label{display:none}.gallery .about{margin:0}.gallery .button{height:44px;min-width:44px;z-index:1}.gallery .button:after{background-color:currentColor;content:"";display:inline-block;height:100%;-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-size:var(--icon-mask-size,65%) var(--icon-mask-size,65%);mask-size:var(--icon-mask-size,65%) var(--icon-mask-size,65%);pointer-events:none;width:100%}.gallery .button.previous{margin-left:16px}.gallery .button.previous:after{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/angle-left.svg);-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image)}.gallery .button.next{margin-right:16px}.gallery .button.next:after{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/angle-right.svg);-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image)}.gallery .button.toggle{left:16px;position:absolute;top:16px}.gallery .button.toggle:after{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/info.svg);-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image)}.gallery .button.close{position:absolute;right:16px;top:16px}.gallery .button.close:after{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/xmark.svg);-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image)}@media screen and (min-width:1025px){.gallery .button.toggle{display:none}}.gallery .advert_container,.gallery .button-wrapper,.gallery .close,.gallery .fullscreen_info,.gallery .toggle{display:none}.gallery .details{margin:0;max-width:100%}.gallery .details .thumbnails{align-items:center;bottom:50px;display:flex;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden;padding-bottom:4px;padding-top:4px;z-index:2}@media screen and (min-width:1025px){.gallery .details .thumbnails{bottom:auto;flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0;padding-left:0;position:static}}.gallery .details .thumbnail{border:4px solid transparent;cursor:pointer;flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0;height:100px;margin:0;max-width:100px;padding:0;position:relative}.gallery .details .thumbnail:first-child{margin-left:4px}.gallery .details .thumbnail:last-child{margin-right:4px}.gallery .details .thumbnail:last-child:after{content:"";height:1px;left:100%;pointer-events:none;top:100vh;width:12px}@media screen and (min-width:1025px){.gallery .details .thumbnail:last-child:after{display:none}}.gallery .details .thumbnail .thumbnail_image{height:100%;margin:0;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover}.gallery.fullscreen{bottom:0;left:0;margin:0;position:absolute;position:fixed;right:0;top:0;z-index:9999}.gallery.fullscreen .image_wrapper,.gallery.fullscreen .pagination{align-items:center;display:flex;height:auto;justify-content:center;padding:16px;position:absolute;top:0;width:100vw}@media screen and (min-width:1025px){.gallery.fullscreen .image_wrapper,.gallery.fullscreen .pagination{height:100vh;width:calc(100vw - 332px)}}.gallery.fullscreen .section_title{display:none}.gallery.fullscreen .image_wrapper{bottom:158px;cursor:zoom-out;top:76px;z-index:1}@media screen and (min-width:1025px){.gallery.fullscreen .image_wrapper{bottom:auto;top:auto}}.gallery.fullscreen .image{max-height:100%;max-width:100%}.gallery.fullscreen .pagination{display:none}@media screen and (min-width:1025px){.gallery.fullscreen .pagination{display:flex;justify-content:space-between}}.gallery.fullscreen .details{bottom:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column-reverse;left:0;margin:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:0}.gallery.fullscreen .details .thumbnails{margin:0}.gallery.fullscreen .details .close{display:initial;float:right}.gallery.fullscreen .details .toggle{display:initial;float:left}.gallery.fullscreen .details .fullscreen_info{display:initial;max-height:40vh;opacity:0}.gallery.fullscreen .details .button-wrapper{display:initial;max-height:44px;order:4}@media screen and (min-width:1025px){.gallery.fullscreen .details{flex-direction:column;height:100vh;left:auto;padding:16px;width:332px}.gallery.fullscreen .details .toggle{display:none}.gallery.fullscreen .details .fullscreen_info{display:flex;max-height:100%;opacity:1}.gallery.fullscreen .details .button-wrapper{min-height:44px;order:1}.gallery.fullscreen .details .thumbnails{margin:16px 0 0}}.gallery.fullscreen .advert_container{display:initial;height:50px;margin:0;order:1;width:100%;z-index:2}@media screen and (min-width:1025px){.gallery.fullscreen .advert_container{align-items:flex-end;background:initial;display:flex;flex-grow:1;flex-shrink:0;height:250px;margin-left:8px;margin-top:32px;order:4;position:static}}.gallery.fullscreen .button{height:44px;min-width:44px;z-index:1}@media screen and (min-width:1025px){.gallery.fullscreen .button.toggle{display:none}}.gallery.fullscreen .counter{align-items:center;display:flex}.gallery.fullscreen .counter .of{margin:0 4px}.gallery.fullscreen .thumbnails{float:left;order:2;width:100%}@media screen and (min-width:1025px){.gallery.fullscreen .thumbnails{margin-bottom:32px;margin-top:32px;position:static}}.gallery.fullscreen .thumbnails .thumbnail:last-child:after{position:absolute}.gallery.fullscreen .inline-gallery-caption{display:none}.gallery.fullscreen .fullscreen_info{bottom:158px;margin:0;order:3;overflow-y:auto;padding:16px;pointer-events:none;text-align:left;transition:transform .2s,opacity .2s;width:100%;z-index:1}.gallery.fullscreen .fullscreen_info .label{display:block;margin-bottom:8px}.gallery.fullscreen .fullscreen_info .label:not(:first-child){margin-top:16px}.gallery.fullscreen .fullscreen_info div{margin:8px 0}.gallery.fullscreen .fullscreen_info .attribution,.gallery.fullscreen .fullscreen_info .caption{padding:4px}@media screen and (min-width:1025px){.gallery.fullscreen .fullscreen_info{bottom:auto;display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-shrink:1;padding:16px 0;position:static;transition:initial}.gallery.fullscreen .fullscreen_info .text{padding-right:32px}}.gallery.fullscreen[data-details=false] .fullscreen_info{opacity:0}@media screen and (min-width:1025px){.gallery.fullscreen[data-details=false] .fullscreen_info{opacity:1;transform:none}}.gallery.fullscreen[data-details=true] .fullscreen_info{opacity:1}.inline-gallery-caption:empty{display:none}.gallery .image_wrapper{background-color:#d1d1d1}.gallery .thumbnails{background-color:#f2f1ef}.gallery .loading{--spinner-color:#e02f32}.gallery .thumbnail.active{border-color:#e02f32}.gallery .advert_container,.gallery.fullscreen{background:#f2f1ef}.gallery.fullscreen .thumbnail{background-color:#d1d1d1;border-color:#f2f1ef}.gallery.fullscreen .thumbnail.active{border-color:#e02f32}.gallery.fullscreen .counter{color:#172425}@media screen and (min-width:1025px){.gallery.fullscreen .counter{color:#172425}.gallery.fullscreen .details{background:#f2f1ef}}.gallery.fullscreen .fullscreen_info{background:#f2f1ef;color:#172425}@media screen and (min-width:1025px){.gallery.fullscreen .fullscreen_info{background:initial}}.gallery{display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.gallery .button{padding:0;width:auto}.gallery.fullscreen{max-width:100%}.gallery.fullscreen .button{padding:0}.gallery.fullscreen .label{font-weight:500;text-transform:uppercase}.jobs-widget{border-top:1px solid #767573;margin:var(--section-margin,64px) 0}.jobs-widget .section_title{border-left:none;float:left;margin:0 48px 0 0;padding:12px 12px 96px 4px;transform:rotate(180deg);writing-mode:vertical-rl}@media screen and (max-width:500px){.jobs-widget .section_title{margin-right:24px}.jobs-widget .section_title.small{margin-right:12px}}.jobs-widget .view_archive{width:calc(100% - 64px)}@media screen and (max-width:500px){.jobs-widget .view_archive{width:100%}}.jobs-widget__container{display:flow-root}.jobs-widget__title{font-family:Bronkoh,fallback-font-sans-serif,sans-serif;font-size:21px;font-weight:400;line-height:22px;margin:0 0 8px}.jobs-widget__jobs{display:grid;gap:48px;grid-template-columns:repeat(var(--jobs-widget-columns,1),1fr);margin:48px 0;min-height:384px;overflow:hidden}.jobs-widget__job-title{color:#172425;font-family:Bronkoh,fallback-font-sans-serif,sans-serif;font-size:21px;font-weight:400;font-weight:700;line-height:22px;margin:0 0 8px}.jobs-widget__job-text{color:#e02f32;line-height:1;margin:8px 0 0}.jobs-widget__search{display:flex;margin:32px 0 0}.jobs-widget[data-compact=false]{--jobs-widget-columns:4}.jobs-widget[data-compact=false] .jobs-widget__jobs{min-height:160px}.jobs-widget[data-compact=false] .jobs-widget__job{padding-right:48px}.jobs-widget[data-compact=false] .jobs-widget__job:not(:last-of-type){border-right:1px solid #707070}.jobs-widget[data-compact=false] .jobs-widget__search{max-width:50%}.timeline_list_wrapper{clear:both}.timeline_list_wrapper .timeline_item{position:relative}.timeline_list_wrapper .timeline_item:before{content:"\2022";font-family:sans-serif;font-size:38px;line-height:1;position:absolute;z-index:1}.timeline_list_wrapper .item_details{display:grid;margin:0 8px 0 0;row-gap:4px}.timeline_list_wrapper .datetime{display:inline-flex;font-size:13px;margin-bottom:0}.timeline_list_wrapper .datetime .time:after{content:", "}.timeline_list_wrapper .datetime .time_zone{display:none}.timeline_list_wrapper .item_title{font-size:16px;font-weight:700;z-index:10}.timeline_list_wrapper[data-position=horizontal]{border-top:2px solid #d1d1d1;display:flex;margin:16px 0 0;padding-top:16px}.timeline_list_wrapper[data-position=horizontal] .timeline_list{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);width:100%;grid-gap:16px}.timeline_list_wrapper[data-position=horizontal] .timeline_item:before{color:#d1d1d1;left:-6px;top:-12px}.timeline_list_wrapper[data-position=horizontal] .timeline_item:after{background-color:#d1d1d1;content:"";height:24px;left:0;position:absolute;top:-16px;width:2px}.timeline_list_wrapper[data-position=horizontal] .item_details{margin:0 0 0 16px}.timeline_list_wrapper[data-position=horizontal] .time{margin-right:4px}.timeline_list_wrapper[data-position=vertical]{margin:16px 0 0}@media screen and (min-width:769px){.timeline_list_wrapper[data-position=vertical]{margin:32px 0}}.timeline_list_wrapper[data-position=vertical] .timeline_list{display:block;padding-left:0}.timeline_list_wrapper[data-position=vertical] .timeline_list[data-items="1"] .timeline_item:after{content:none}.timeline_list_wrapper[data-position=vertical] .timeline_item{list-style:none;margin:0;padding-left:16px}.timeline_list_wrapper[data-position=vertical] .timeline_item:not(:last-of-type){padding-bottom:16px}.timeline_list_wrapper[data-position=vertical] .timeline_item:before{left:-6px;top:-8px}.timeline_list_wrapper[data-position=vertical] .timeline_item:first-child:after{top:10px}.timeline_list_wrapper[data-position=vertical] .timeline_item:last-child:after{height:10px}.timeline_list_wrapper[data-position=vertical] .timeline_item:after{background-color:#172425;bottom:0;content:"";left:0;position:absolute;top:0;width:2px}html{scroll-behavior:smooth}.liveblog{margin:0 auto;word-wrap:break-word;clear:both;display:block;max-width:720px;position:relative;width:100%}.liveblog *{scroll-margin:60px}.liveblog .section_title{margin-top:0}.liveblog .tabbed_button{font-size:18px}.liveblog .button.hidden{display:none}.liveblog .mpu_container{display:flex;justify-content:center}.liveblog .post{content-visibility:auto}.liveblog_coverage .alert{margin:0 0 32px}.liveblog_coverage .post{display:block}.liveblog_coverage .post:not(:first-of-type){border-top:1px solid #d1d1d1;margin-top:24px;padding-top:24px}.liveblog_coverage .datetime{display:inline-flex;margin-bottom:8px}.liveblog_coverage .datetime .date,.liveblog_coverage .datetime .time{font-size:14px}.liveblog_coverage .content,.liveblog_coverage .content *{margin:0}.liveblog_coverage .content .title{display:block;font-size:20px;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:8px}.liveblog_coverage .content blockquote>:not(:last-child):not(.title),.liveblog_coverage .content section>:not(:last-child):not(.title),.liveblog_coverage .content>:not(:last-child):not(.title){margin-bottom:16px}.liveblog_coverage .content figcaption,.liveblog_coverage .content figure{margin-top:8px}.liveblog_coverage .content img{height:auto;width:100%}.liveblog_coverage .content blockquote cite{display:block;font-size:14px;margin-bottom:8px}.liveblog_coverage .content .embed_wrapper~.embed_placeholder{margin-top:16px}.liveblog_coverage .author{font-size:14px;margin-top:16px}.liveblog_comments#comments .advert_container{margin:0 auto 32px}.liveblog_comments#comments .alert,.liveblog_comments#comments .post{margin:0 0 24px}.liveblog_comments#comments .post_form{margin-bottom:24px}.liveblog_comments#comments .post_form textarea{height:64px;min-height:64px;padding:8px;resize:vertical}.liveblog_comments#comments .post_form .button{margin-top:8px}.liveblog_comments#comments .posts{overflow-y:auto;padding-right:16px}.liveblog_comments#comments .post[data-status=moderated] .content,.liveblog_comments#comments .post[data-status=moderated] .details{opacity:.5}.liveblog_comments#comments .post.highlight .content{background-color:#d1d1d1;padding:8px}.liveblog_comments#comments .avatar{height:20px;width:20px}.liveblog_comments#comments .avatar img{margin:0}.liveblog_comments#comments .details{align-items:center;display:flex;margin:0}.liveblog_comments#comments .details>*{margin:0}.liveblog_comments#comments .details .avatar,.liveblog_comments#comments .details .username{margin-right:8px}.liveblog_comments#comments .avatar{flex-shrink:0}.liveblog_comments#comments .datetime{font-size:14px}.liveblog_comments#comments .content{margin-top:12px}.liveblog_comments#comments .message{font-size:12px;margin-top:8px}.liveblog .post:last-of-type{margin-bottom:24px}.liveblog .date,.liveblog .time{white-space:pre}.liveblog .time_zone{display:none}.liveblog .load-more{min-width:160px}.liveblog .load-more:not([disabled]) .load-more__loading,.liveblog .load-more[disabled] .load-more__text{display:none}.liveblog .load-more .spinner{--spinner-size:1em;--spinner-border:2px;float:left;margin-right:8px}@media screen and (max-width:500px){.liveblog .load-more{width:100%}}.timeline_list_wrapper{font-family:Bronkoh,fallback-font-sans-serif,sans-serif}.timeline_list_wrapper[data-position=vertical]{margin:16px 0 32px}.timeline_list_wrapper .item_title{line-height:18px}.article_header .live_blinker,.mypop-button{justify-content:center}.mypop-button{display:flex!important;min-width:120px;position:relative}.mypop-button:before{background:currentColor;content:"";flex-shrink:0;height:calc(1em - 1px);margin-right:4px;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;-webkit-mask-size:contain;mask-size:contain;width:calc(1em - 1px)}.mypop-button[data-state=error]:before{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/xmark.svg);-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image)}.mypop-button[data-state=follow]:before{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/plus.svg);-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image)}.mypop-button[data-state=unfollow]:before{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/check.svg);-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image)}.mypop-popup{background:#fff;border-radius:24px;bottom:0;display:grid;gap:24px;left:0;margin:0 auto;max-width:660px;overflow-y:auto;padding:24px;position:fixed;right:0;transition:transform .5s;visibility:hidden;z-index:10000000000}@media (prefers-reduced-motion){.mypop-popup{transition:none}}@media screen and (min-width:1261px){.mypop-popup{margin-bottom:16px;max-height:calc(100svh - 32px);transform:translateY(calc(100% + 16px))}}@media screen and (max-width:1260px){.mypop-popup{border-bottom:none;border-bottom-left-radius:0;border-bottom-right-radius:0;max-height:calc(100svh - 16px);transform:translateY(100%)}}.mypop-popup.visible{transform:translateY(0);visibility:visible}.mypop-popup .section_title{margin-top:0}.mypop-popup ul{display:grid;gap:8px;list-style:disc}.mypop-popup li{font-size:15px;margin-left:1em}.mypop-archive-wrapper{display:flex;justify-content:center;margin:var(--section-margin,64px) auto}.newsletter_promo{border-top:1px solid #767573;display:flow-root}.newsletter_promo .section_title{border-left:none;float:left;margin:0 48px 0 0;padding:12px 12px 96px 4px;transform:rotate(180deg);writing-mode:vertical-rl}@media screen and (max-width:500px){.newsletter_promo .section_title{margin-right:24px}.newsletter_promo .section_title.small{margin-right:12px}}.newsletter_promo .view_archive{width:calc(100% - 64px)}@media screen and (max-width:500px){.newsletter_promo .view_archive{width:100%}}.newsletter_promo:not(.small){margin:var(--section-margin,64px) 0}.newsletter_promo:not(.small) .alert{margin-top:16px}.newsletter_promo.small{margin-bottom:40px}.newsletter_promo.small .details,.newsletter_promo.small .signup{padding-right:16px}.newsletter_promo.small .heading{font-family:Bronkoh,fallback-font-sans-serif,sans-serif;font-size:21px;font-weight:400;line-height:22px}.newsletter_promo.small .email_wrapper{grid-template-columns:auto}.newsletter_promo .signup{display:grid}.newsletter_promo form{display:block}.newsletter_promo input,.newsletter_promo label{margin:0}.newsletter_promo input[type=email]{background:transparent;border-color:#767573;color:#767573;padding:.5em .75em}.newsletter_promo label{color:#e02f32}.newsletter_promo .alert{margin:8px 0 0}.newsletter_promo .alert.hidden{display:none}.newsletter_promo .newsletters{display:grid;grid-gap:8px;margin-bottom:16px}.newsletter_promo .newsletter_wrapper{display:grid;grid-template-columns:auto 1fr;grid-gap:8px}.newsletter_promo .details{display:grid;margin:16px 0;text-wrap:balance}.newsletter_promo .heading{font-family:Bronkoh,fallback-font-sans-serif,sans-serif;font-size:21px;font-weight:400;line-height:22px;margin:0 0 16px}.newsletter_promo .description{color:inherit;font-family:Baskerville,fallback-font-serif,serif;font-size:16px;font-weight:400;line-height:18px;margin:0}.newsletter_promo .email_wrapper{display:grid;grid-gap:8px}.newsletter_promo .button{background:#e02f32;border:1px solid #e02f32;color:#fff;max-width:-moz-fit-content;max-width:fit-content;padding-right:2em;position:relative}.newsletter_promo .button:after{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/plus.svg);background:currentColor;content:"";height:1em;-webkit-mask-position:center;mask-position:center;-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;position:absolute;right:.75em;width:1em}.newsletter_promo .button.loading:after,.newsletter_promo .button:after{-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image)}.newsletter_promo .button.loading:after{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/spinner.svg);animation:spin 1.5s linear infinite;pointer-events:none}body[data-version=hd] .newsletter_promo{grid-template-columns:2fr 3fr}body[data-version=hd] .newsletter_promo:not(.small) .alert,body[data-version=hd] .newsletter_promo:not(.small) .details,body[data-version=hd] .newsletter_promo:not(.small) .signup{max-width:75%}body[data-version=hd] .newsletter_promo:not(.small) .details{margin:32px 0 24px}body[data-version=hd] .newsletter_promo:not(.small) .heading{font-size:30px;font-weight:300;line-height:28px}body[data-version=hd] .newsletter_promo:not(.small) .email_wrapper{grid-template-columns:2fr auto}body[data-version=hd] .newsletter_promo.small{margin:0 -32px 40px 0}body[data-version=hd] .newsletter_promo .newsletters{display:flex;grid-gap:32px}body[data-version=hd] .newsletter_promo .newsletter{margin-bottom:auto}.spotlight_and_latest .latest .newsletter_promo.small .section_title{margin:0 16px 0 0}.shelf{border-top:1px solid var(--section-color);display:flow-root;margin:var(--section-margin,64px) 0}.shelf .section_title{border-left:none;float:left;margin:0 48px 0 0;padding:12px 12px 96px 4px;transform:rotate(180deg);writing-mode:vertical-rl}@media screen and (max-width:500px){.shelf .section_title{margin-right:24px}.shelf .section_title.small{margin-right:12px}}.shelf .view_archive{width:calc(100% - 64px)}@media screen and (max-width:500px){.shelf .view_archive{width:100%}}.shelf .summary_list{display:grid;gap:32px 12px}.shelf .carousel,.shelf .summary_list{margin-top:32px}.shelf .details,.shelf .metadata{padding-right:32px}body[data-version=hd] .shelf .summary_list{grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr)}.tabbed_wrapper{display:block;margin:16px 0}.tabbed_wrapper.homepage{margin-top:0}@media screen and (min-width:769px){.tabbed_wrapper.homepage .tabbed_nav{position:sticky}}.tabbed_wrapper:not(.homepage) .tabbed_nav{position:sticky}.tabbed_nav{--overflow-shadow-background:#fff;background-color:#fff;box-shadow:none;margin:0 -16px 16px;overflow-x:auto;padding:16px 16px 0;top:0;z-index:50}@media screen and (min-width:769px){.tabbed_nav{margin:0 0 16px;padding:10px 0 0}.tabbed_nav.small{border-bottom:1px solid #d1d1d1}.tabbed_nav.small .tabbed_buttons{border-bottom:none;width:auto}}.tabbed_nav .tabbed_buttons{border-bottom:1px solid #d1d1d1;display:inline-flex;justify-content:space-between;white-space:nowrap;width:100%}.tabbed_nav .tabbed_buttons .tabbed_button_count{margin-left:4px}.tabbed_nav .tabbed_buttons .tabbed_button{align-items:center;border-bottom:4px solid transparent;color:#172425;display:inline-flex;justify-content:center;line-height:1;padding:0 16px 10px;width:100%}.tabbed_nav .tabbed_buttons .tabbed_button.active,.tabbed_nav .tabbed_buttons .tabbed_button:hover{border-bottom:4px solid #d1d1d1;font-weight:700}.tabbed_nav .tabbed_buttons .tabbed_button .count{font-size:13px;margin-left:4px}@media screen and (min-width:769px){.tabbed_nav.homepage{margin-right:-32px}}figcaption{font-family:Bronkoh,fallback-font-sans-serif,sans-serif}._comments{line-height:1;margin:0 0 0 16px}._comments a{color:var(--metadata-color);font-family:Bronkoh,fallback-font-sans-serif,sans-serif;font-size:15px}._comments a:before{--icon-mask-image:url(/static/solid/comment.svg);background:currentColor;content:"";display:inline-block;float:left;height:1em;-webkit-mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);mask-image:var(--icon-mask-image);-webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;mask-repeat:no-repeat;padding-right:4px;width:1em}._page_subtitle{color:#e02f32;font-family:Bronkoh,fallback-font-sans-serif,sans-serif;font-size:21px;font-weight:400;line-height:1} </style> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.gamesindustry.biz/amazon-games-opens-montreal-studio">   </head> <body data-version="hd" data-page="article" data-ads="true" data-affiliates="true" data-menu="false" data-video-layout="false" > <div id="app_wrapper"> <header class="app_header"> <a href="#content" id="skip_to_main_content">Skip to main content</a> <nav class="nav_trending"> <ul class="nav-links"> <li> <a href="/topics/financials" data-active="false" class=" " > Financials </a> </li> <li> <a href="/events/india-game-developer-conference" data-active="false" class=" " > India Game Developer Conference </a> </li> <li> <a href="/events/gamescom-asia-2024" data-active="false" class=" " > Gamescom Asia 2024 </a> </li> <li> <a href="/companies/gi-podcast" data-active="false" class=" " > GI Podcast </a> </li> <li> <a href="/topics/layoffs" data-active="false" class=" " > Layoffs </a> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="nav_main"> <a href="/" class="logo" > <img src="https://assets.gnwcdn.com/0454_gamesindustry-logo.svg" alt="GamesIndustry.biz" loading="eager"> </a> <nav class="nav_primary"> <div class="section_title small">Navigation</div> <ul class="nav-links"> <li> <a href="/archive/features" data-active="false" class=" " data-icon="feature" > Features </a> </li> <li> <a href="/archive/news" data-active="false" class=" " data-icon="news" > News </a> </li> <li> <a href="/academy" data-active="false" class=" " data-icon="feature" > Academy </a> </li> <li> <a href="/events" data-active="false" class=" " data-icon="event" > Events </a> </li> <li> <a href="/newsletters" data-active="false" class=" " data-icon="newsletter" > Newsletters </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://jobs.gamesindustry.biz" data-active="false" class=" " data-icon="job" > Video Games Jobs </a> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="social_follow"> <ul class="social_list"> <li> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/gamesindustry" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="social_icon" data-icon="facebook" data-type="facebook" aria-label="Check us out on Facebook" > <span class="icon" style='--icon-mask-image: url("/static/brands/facebook.svg")' role="img" aria-label="Check us out on Facebook"></span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/GIBiz" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="social_icon" data-icon="x-twitter" data-type="twitter" aria-label="Check us out on X" > <span class="icon" style='--icon-mask-image: url("/static/brands/x-twitter.svg")' role="img" aria-label="Check us out on X"></span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/gamesindustrybiz" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="social_icon" data-icon="linkedin" data-type="linkedin" aria-label="Check us out on LinkedIn" > <span class="icon" style='--icon-mask-image: url("/static/brands/linkedin.svg")' role="img" aria-label="Check us out on LinkedIn"></span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.gamesindustry.biz/feed" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="social_icon" data-icon="rss" data-type="rss" aria-label="Subscribe to our RSS feed"type="application/rss+xml" > <span class="icon" style='--icon-mask-image: url("/static/solid/rss.svg")' role="img" aria-label="Subscribe to our RSS feed"></span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://mastodon.social/@GIbiz" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="social_icon" data-icon="mastodon" data-type="mastodon" aria-label="Check us out on Mastodon" > <span class="icon" style='--icon-mask-image: url("/static/brands/mastodon.svg")' role="img" aria-label="Check us out on Mastodon"></span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="actions"> <form class="search_box" action="/search"> <input type="text" name="q" aria-label="Search" placeholder="Search"> </form> <div class="user_profile signed_out"> <div class="button_group"> <a class="button inline_icon supporter small" href="/subscribe" data-dtm="subs:conv-driver:header"> <span class="icon" style='--icon-mask-image: url("/static/solid/heart.svg")' ></span> Support us </a> <a class="button small login" href="/community/auth/start?next=/amazon-games-opens-montreal-studio" rel="nofollow" data-dtm="registration:conv-driver:header:signin-createaccount"> Sign in / Create account </a> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </header> <div id="page_wrapper"> <div class="advert_container leaderboard_container"> <div class="advert leaderboard" data-dfp-id="GI_LB" data-dfp-sizes="120x30, 728x90, 960x160, 960x250, 970x250, 980x90, 980x180, 1260x110, 1260x160, 1260x200, 1260x250" data-dfp-targeting="site=gamesindustry.biz" data-dfp-above-the-fold="true" id="GI_LB_1" ></div> </div> <div id="content"> <div id="content_above"> <div class="page_content"> <main> <aside class="disclaimer" data-compact="false"> If you click on a link and make a purchase we may receive a small commission. <a href="/editorial-policy" class="link">Read our editorial policy</a>. </aside> <div class="article-container"> <article class="article egcms-import" data-ads="true" data-article-type="news" data-paywalled="false" data-premium="false" data-sponsored="false" data-type="article" > <header class="article_header"> <div class="breadcrumbs"> <nav class="nav_breadcrumbs"> <ul class="nav-links"> <li> <a href="/" data-active="false" class=" " > Home </a> </li> <li> <a href="/archive/news" data-active="false" class=" " > News </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="headline_details"> <h1 class="title">Amazon Games opens Montreal studio</h1> <p class="strapline">The outfit will focus on a new online multiplayer IP, under the direction of veterans from Ubisoft Montreal's Rainbow Six Siege team</p> </div> <div class="headline_asset"> <figure class="headline_image_wrapper"> <a href="https://assetsio.gnwcdn.com/Amazon_Games_Montreal_Studio.jpeg?width=1920&height=1920&fit=bounds&quality=80&format=jpg&auto=webp" target="_blank" data-lightbox="true" > <img src="https://assetsio.gnwcdn.com/Amazon_Games_Montreal_Studio.jpeg?width=720&quality=70&format=jpg&auto=webp" srcset="https://assetsio.gnwcdn.com/Amazon_Games_Montreal_Studio.jpeg?width=720&quality=70&format=jpg&auto=webp 1x, https://assetsio.gnwcdn.com/Amazon_Games_Montreal_Studio.jpeg?width=720&quality=70&format=jpg&dpr=2&auto=webp 2x" loading="eager" class="headline_image" alt="" width="580" height="330" fetchpriority="high" > </a> </figure> </div> <div class="metadata"> <div class="avatar"> <img src="https://assetsio.gnwcdn.com/Marie-headshot.jpg?width=70&height=70&fit=crop&quality=60&format=png&auto=webp" srcset="https://assetsio.gnwcdn.com/Marie-headshot.jpg?width=70&height=70&fit=crop&quality=60&format=png&auto=webp 1x, https://assetsio.gnwcdn.com/Marie-headshot.jpg?width=70&height=70&fit=crop&quality=60&format=png&dpr=2&auto=webp 2x" loading="lazy" class="avatar_image" alt="Marie Dealessandri avatar" width="70" height="70" > </div> <div class="text"> <div class="byline"> <span class="article_type" data-slug="news"> News </span> <span class="by">by</span> <span class="author"><a href="/authors/marie-dealessandri">Marie Dealessandri</a></span> <span class="job_title"> Deputy Editor </span> </div> <div class="published_at"> Published on <time datetime="2021-03-23T15:00:00+00:00">March 23, 2021</time> </div> </div> <div class="mypop-header-wrapper"> <button class="mypop-button button small" data-state="follow" data-type="tag" data-uuid="89cd9d71-4003-4c99-b3f4-7fe8d8d25f3c" data-name="Amazon Game Studios" data-follow-text="Follow Amazon Game Studios" data-unfollow-text="Following Amazon Game Studios" data-aria-follow-text="Follow Amazon Game Studios" data-aria-unfollow-text="Following Amazon Game Studios" data-popup="true" data-force-login="true" aria-label="Follow Amazon Game Studios" title="Follow Amazon Game Studios" > Follow Amazon Game Studios </button> </div> </div> </header> <div class="article_body"> <div class="article_body_content article-styling"> <section> <p>Amazon Games has announced the opening of its new Canadian studio, based in Montreal.</p> <p>The studio will be focusing on a new online multiplayer IP under the direction of a team of games industry veterans, all coming from Ubisoft Montreal where they shaped Rainbow Six Siege.</p> <p>Former development director for technology group Luc Bouchard joins Amazon as head of production, creative director Xavier Marquis joins as creative director, brand and esports director Alexandre Remy will be head of product, and creative director Romain Rimokh joins as content director.</p> <p>Marquis commented: "Building upon 8 years of experience with Siege, we are excited to start with a blank page and the creative freedom to create a completely unique experience in the multiplayer space. From our first discussion, we felt a true connection with the people at Amazon Games, their approach to gaming and the sheer amount of knowledge, expertise and technology available there. It is quite humbling and we couldn't be more excited to start a studio with them."</p> <p>Amazon Games Montreal will be the company's fourth games development studio -- and the first one outside the US -- after Seattle, Orange County and San Diego.</p> <p>The retail giant's foray into games has been rocky in recent years. Its first major project, Breakaway, was put on an <a href="https://www.gamesindustry.biz/doubt-cast-on-future-of-amazon-game-studios-first-major-development">indefinite hiatus</a> at the end of 2017, before <a href="https://www.gamesindustry.biz/amazon-officially-drops-breakaway">being cancelled</a> in April 2018.</p> <p>Dozens of employees were <a href="https://www.gamesindustry.biz/amazon-game-studios-lays-off-dozens">made redundant</a> in June 2019, with game engine Lumberyard seemingly the <a href="https://www.gamesindustry.biz/lumberyard-at-heart-of-amazon-game-studios-development-woes">cause of the issues at the company</a>.</p> <p>Amazon released free-to-play hero shooter Crucible in May last year, but it retreated into closed beta <a href="https://www.gamesindustry.biz/amazons-crucible-retreats-into-closed-beta">a month after launch</a>. The title was <a href="https://www.gamesindustry.biz/amazon-ends-crucible-development-for-good">shut down for good</a> in October.</p> <p>The company is also working on MMORPG New World, which was <a href="https://www.gamesindustry.biz/amazon-delays-mmorpg-new-world-into-2021">delayed to spring 2021</a> last year. Amazon pushed it back again earlier this year, and it is now <a href="https://www.gamesindustry.biz/amazon-delays-new-world-again">due to release on August 31</a>.</p> <p>In an email to Amazon staff made public in February, future CEO Andy Jassy said he believed the firm can succeed in games "<a href="https://www.gamesindustry.biz/next-ceo-believes-amazon-can-succeed-in-games-if-we-hang-in-there">if we hang in there</a>."</p><span class="poll_wrapper" data-fixed="false" data-hashid data-init="false" data-poll-position="1"></span> </section> </div> </div> </article> <div class="read-next article-styling"> <h2>Read this next</h2> <ul> <li> <a class="read-next__item" data-position="1" href="https://www.gamesindustry.biz/2k-games-removes-launcher-from-all-steam-and-epic-games-store-titles" > 2K Games removes launcher from all Steam and Epic Games Store titles | News-in-brief </a> </li> <li> <a class="read-next__item" data-position="2" href="https://www.gamesindustry.biz/humanoid-origin-is-closing-down" > Humanoid Origin is closing down </a> </li> <li> <a class="read-next__item" data-position="3" href="https://www.gamesindustry.biz/childrens-author-and-film-music-experts-form-pigs-will-fly-studios" > Children's author and film, music experts form Pigs Will Fly Studios </a> </li> </ul> <script> { document.currentScript.parentElement.querySelectorAll('.read-next__item').forEach((el) => { el.addEventListener('click', () => { const href = el.getAttribute('href'); const title = el.innerText; const { position } = el.dataset; if ('sendBrockmanAnalyticsEvent' in window) window.sendBrockmanAnalyticsEvent('navigation', 'article read next click', `${title}: ${href}`, parseInt(position, 10)); }); }); } </script> </div> </div> <footer class="article_footer"> <div class="author-inline"> <div class="avatar"> <img src="https://assetsio.gnwcdn.com/Marie-headshot.jpg?width=70&height=70&fit=crop&quality=60&format=png&auto=webp" srcset="https://assetsio.gnwcdn.com/Marie-headshot.jpg?width=70&height=70&fit=crop&quality=60&format=png&auto=webp 1x, https://assetsio.gnwcdn.com/Marie-headshot.jpg?width=70&height=70&fit=crop&quality=60&format=png&dpr=2&auto=webp 2x" loading="lazy" class="avatar_image" alt="Marie Dealessandri avatar" width="70" height="70" > </div> <div class="author-inline__bio"> <span class="name"><a class="link" href="/authors/marie-dealessandri">Marie Dealessandri</a></span>: Marie joined GamesIndustry.biz in 2019 to head its Academy section. A journalist since 2012, she started in games in 2016. She can be found (rarely) tweeting @mariedeal, usually on a loop about Baldur’s Gate and the Dead Cells soundtrack. GI resident Moomins expert. </div> </div> <div class="load-comments"> <a href="https://www.gamesindustry.biz/amazon-games-opens-montreal-studio?view=comments" rel="nofollow" class="button large inline_icon"> <span class="icon" style='--icon-mask-image: url("/static/solid/comment.svg")' ></span> View comments (0) </a> </div> <section class="tagged_with tagged_with--secondary"> <div class="section_title small">Related topics</div> <div class="tagged_with__items tagged_with__items--inline"> <span class="tagged_with_item tagged_with_item--secondary"><a href="/companies/amazongamestudios">Amazon Game Studios</a></span> <span class="tagged_with_item tagged_with_item--secondary"><a href="/topics/development">Development</a></span> <span class="tagged_with_item tagged_with_item--secondary"><a href="/topics/publishing">Publishing</a></span> </div> </section> <section class="newsletter_promo " id="newsletters"> <div class="section_title small">Newsletters</div> <div class="details"> <h2 class="heading">Subscribe to our newsletters and stay ahead of the curve</h2> <p class="description"> All the biggest stories, expert analysis and data, straight to your inbox. </p> </div> <div class="signup"> <form method="post"> <div class="newsletters"> <div class="newsletter_wrapper"> <input class="newsletter" id="bceecba53c" data-endpoint="/newsletters/subscribe/bceecba53c" formaction="https://gamer-network.us15.list-manage.com/subscribe/post?u=b9e2ea3c5bf495a0ea0f662c6&id=bceecba53c" type="checkbox" checked data-name="GI Daily" > <label for="bceecba53c" class="newsletter_label">GI Daily</label> </div> <div class="newsletter_wrapper"> <input class="newsletter" id="e296a6c6a1" data-endpoint="/newsletters/subscribe/e296a6c6a1" formaction="https://gamer-network.us15.list-manage.com/subscribe/post?u=b9e2ea3c5bf495a0ea0f662c6&id=e296a6c6a1" type="checkbox" checked data-name="GI Market Report" > <label for="e296a6c6a1" class="newsletter_label">GI Market Report</label> </div> <div class="newsletter_wrapper"> <input class="newsletter" id="a026197bf6" data-endpoint="/newsletters/subscribe/a026197bf6" formaction="https://gamer-network.us15.list-manage.com/subscribe/post?u=b9e2ea3c5bf495a0ea0f662c6&id=a026197bf6" type="checkbox" checked data-name="Partner Emails" > <label for="a026197bf6" class="newsletter_label">Partner Emails</label> </div> </div> <div class="email_wrapper"> <input aria-label="Email" type="email" placeholder="Enter your email address" name="EMAIL" required> <div style="position: absolute; left: -5000px;" aria-hidden="true"><input type="text" name="b_b9e2ea3c5bf495a0ea0f662c6_bceecba53c" tabindex="-1" value=""></div> <button class="button small" type="submit" > Sign up </button> <div class="alert hidden"></div> </div> </form> </div> <script> (function(){ const target = document.currentScript; const section = target.closest('.newsletter_promo'); const csrfToken = section.querySelector('input[name="csrfmiddlewaretoken"]'); const inputs = section.querySelectorAll('.newsletter'); const submitButton = section.querySelector('.button'); const email = section.querySelector('input[name="EMAIL"]'); const featuredNewsletter = !inputs.length && submitButton.dataset.endpoint; let inputCheckedCounter = Array.from(inputs).filter((input) => input.checked).length; inputs.forEach(input => input.addEventListener('change', () => { if (input.checked) inputCheckedCounter++; else inputCheckedCounter--; submitButton.disabled = inputCheckedCounter <= 0; })); submitButton.addEventListener('click', (e) => { if (email && !email.checkValidity()) return; e.preventDefault(); submitButton.classList.add('loading'); hideAlerts(); if (featuredNewsletter) { signUpRequest(submitButton, email, csrfToken); } else { inputs.forEach(input => { if (input.checked) { signUpRequest(input, email, csrfToken); } }); } submitButton.classList.remove('loading'); }); const signUpRequest = (el, email, csrfToken) => { const { endpoint } = el.dataset; const data = {}; if (email) data['email'] = email.value; const headers = { 'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest', }; if (csrfToken) headers['X-CSRFToken'] = csrfToken.value; fetch(endpoint, { method: 'POST', body: JSON.stringify(data), headers, }) .then(response => { if (!response.ok) throw new Error(); return response.json(); }) .then(json => { el.disabled = true; submitButton.disabled = true; if (json.success === true) { updateAlert('You have successfully subscribed', 'success'); } else throw new Error(); }) .catch(error => { updateAlert(`We weren\'t able to subscribe you, please <a href="/contact-us">contact us</a> for more information.`, 'error'); }); }; const updateAlert = (text, classList) => { const alert = section.querySelector('.alert'); alert.classList = `alert ${classList}`; alert.innerHTML = text; alert.classList.remove('hidden'); } const hideAlerts = () => { const alerts = section.querySelectorAll('.alert'); alerts.forEach((alert) => { alert.classList.add('hidden'); }); } })() </script> </section> </footer> </main> </div> <div class="sidebar"> <div class="advert_container halfpage_container"> <div class="advert mpu" data-dfp-id="GI_MPU_1" data-dfp-sizes="300x600, 300x250, 300x1050" data-dfp-targeting="site=gamesindustry.biz" data-dfp-above-the-fold="true" id="GI_MPU_1_1" data-dfp-collapse="true" ></div> </div> <div class="gn_sidebar"> <div class="advert_container sponsor_buttons"> <p class="advert_label"> Advertisement </p> <div class="advert" data-dfp-id="GI_BUTTONS" data-dfp-sizes="310x1000" id="GI_BUTTONS" ></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="content_below"> <div class="page_content"> <div class="advert_container low_leaderboard_container"> <div class="low_leaderboard lazyload" data-dfp-id="GI_LB_2" data-dfp-sizes="300x250, 728x90, 960x160, 960x250, 970x250, 1200x500" data-dfp-targeting="site=gamesindustry.biz" id="GI_LB_2_AFTER_ARTICLE" data-dfp-refresh-direct="true" data-dfp-collapse="true" ></div> </div> <nav class="after_article"> <div class="block" > <section class="latest-lists"> <div class="latest-lists__wrapper"> <div class="latest-lists__list" data-tab="1"> <div class="section_title small">Latest News</div> <ul class="latest-lists__items"> <li class="latest-lists__item"> <div class="latest-lists__item-inner"> <a href="https://www.gamesindustry.biz/mac-walters-worlds-untold-studio-on-pause-as-it-seeks-new-funding-partner" class="link"> Mac Walters' Worlds Untold studio on "pause" as it seeks new funding partner </a> </div> </li> <li class="latest-lists__item"> <div class="latest-lists__item-inner"> <a href="https://www.gamesindustry.biz/block-blast-reaches-40m-daily-active-players-news-in-brief" class="link"> Block Blast reaches 40m daily active players | News-in-brief </a> </div> </li> <li class="latest-lists__item"> <div class="latest-lists__item-inner"> <a href="https://www.gamesindustry.biz/playstation-2-has-surpassed-160m-lifetime-sales" class="link"> PlayStation 2 has surpassed 160m lifetime sales </a> </div> </li> <li class="latest-lists__item"> <div class="latest-lists__item-inner"> <a href="https://www.gamesindustry.biz/playstation-veteran-shuhei-yoshida-to-retire-in-january" class="link"> PlayStation veteran Shuhei Yoshida to retire in January </a> </div> </li> <li class="latest-lists__item"> <div class="latest-lists__item-inner"> <a href="https://www.gamesindustry.biz/cd-projekt-reports-49-plummet-in-sales-revenue-in-q3-2024" class="link"> CD Projekt reports 49% plummet in sales revenue in Q3 2024 </a> </div> </li> <li class="latest-lists__item"> <div class="latest-lists__item-inner"> <a href="https://www.gamesindustry.biz/nintendo-to-close-switch-eshop-and-online-services-in-china-in-2026" class="link"> Nintendo to close Switch eShop and online services in China in 2026 </a> </div> </li> <li class="latest-lists__item"> <div class="latest-lists__item-inner"> <a href="https://www.gamesindustry.biz/xbox-shuts-down-avatar-editor-app-news-in-brief" class="link"> Xbox shuts down Avatar Editor app | News-in-brief </a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="app_footer"> <div class="footer"> <nav class="footer-nav footer-nav--social"> <nav class="social_follow"> <ul class="social_list"> <li> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/gamesindustry" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="social_icon" data-icon="facebook" data-type="facebook" aria-label="Check us out on Facebook" > <span class="icon" style='--icon-mask-image: url("/static/brands/facebook.svg")' role="img" aria-label="Check us out on Facebook"></span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/GIBiz" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="social_icon" data-icon="x-twitter" data-type="twitter" aria-label="Check us out on X" > <span class="icon" style='--icon-mask-image: url("/static/brands/x-twitter.svg")' role="img" aria-label="Check us out on X"></span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/gamesindustrybiz" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="social_icon" data-icon="linkedin" data-type="linkedin" aria-label="Check us out on LinkedIn" > <span class="icon" style='--icon-mask-image: url("/static/brands/linkedin.svg")' role="img" aria-label="Check us out on LinkedIn"></span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.gamesindustry.biz/feed" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="social_icon" data-icon="rss" data-type="rss" aria-label="Subscribe to our RSS feed"type="application/rss+xml" > <span class="icon" style='--icon-mask-image: url("/static/solid/rss.svg")' role="img" aria-label="Subscribe to our RSS feed"></span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://mastodon.social/@GIbiz" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="social_icon" data-icon="mastodon" data-type="mastodon" aria-label="Check us out on Mastodon" > <span class="icon" style='--icon-mask-image: url("/static/brands/mastodon.svg")' role="img" aria-label="Check us out on Mastodon"></span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </nav> <div class="footer-copyright"> <p>GamesIndustry.biz is owned by Gamer Network Limited, an IGN Entertainment company and subsidiary of Ziff Davis. © 2024 Gamer Network Limited, 18 Mansell Street Level 3, London, E1 8AA, United Kingdom. Company number 03882481. All rights reserved. No part of this website or its content may be reproduced without the copyright owner's permission.</p> </div> <nav class="footer-nav footer-nav--helpful"> <ul class="nav-links"> <li class="nav-links__title"> Helpful Links </li> <li> <a href="/about-us" data-active="false" class="link " > About Us </a> </li> <li> <a href="/contact-us?enquiry_type=sales" data-active="false" target="_blank" class="link " > Advertise with us </a> </li> <li> <a href="/archive/2024/11" data-active="false" class="link " > Archive </a> </li> <li> <a href="/authors" data-active="false" class="link " > Authors </a> </li> <li> <a href="/contact-us" data-active="false" class="link " > Contact Us </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://gamer.network" data-active="false" target="_blank" class="link " > Corporate Site </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.gamesindustry.biz/how-to-pitch-an-article-to-gamesindustry-biz" data-active="false" class="link " > Pitching Guidelines </a> </li> <li> <a href="/feeds" data-active="false" class="link " > RSS Feeds </a> </li> <li> <a href="mailto:news@gamesindustry.biz" data-active="false" class="link " > Send Us News </a> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="footer-nav footer-nav--policy"> <ul class="nav-links"> <li class="nav-links__title"> Policies </li> <li> <button class="link showConsentTool zd_adchoices" onclick="window.zdconsent.showConsentTool(event)" > AdChoices <img class="ad-choices" src="/static/0f7ec083d1eb5497c6729d18914d143f/vendor/img/ad-choices.svg" alt="AdChoices Opt-Out Icon" loading="lazy"> </button> </li> <li> <a href="/code-of-conduct" data-active="false" class="link " > Code of Conduct </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ziffdavis.com/cookie-policy" data-active="false" target="_blank" class="link " > Cookie Policy </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://dsar.ziffdavis.com/" data-active="false" target="_blank" class="link zdDSAR" > Do Not Sell My Personal Information </a> </li> <li> <a href="/editorial-policy" data-active="false" class="link " > Editorial Policy </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.ign.com/privacy-policy" data-active="false" target="_blank" class="link " > Privacy Policy </a> </li> <li> <a href="/review-policy" data-active="false" class="link " > Review Policy </a> </li> <li> <a href="/terms-and-conditions" data-active="false" class="link " > Terms & Conditions </a> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="footer-nav footer-nav--network"> <ul class="nav-links"> <li class="nav-links__title"> Gamer Network </li> <li> <a href="https://www.dicebreaker.com" data-active="false" target="_blank" class="link " > Dicebreaker </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.digitalfoundry.net" data-active="false" target="_blank" class="link " > Digital Foundry </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.eurogamer.net" data-active="false" target="_blank" class="link " > Eurogamer </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.jelly.deals" data-active="false" target="_blank" class="link " > Jelly Deals </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.nintendolife.com" data-active="false" target="_blank" class="link " > Nintendo Life </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.purexbox.com" data-active="false" target="_blank" class="link " > Pure Xbox </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.pushsquare.com" data-active="false" target="_blank" class="link " > Push Square </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.rockpapershotgun.com" data-active="false" target="_blank" class="link " > Rock Paper Shotgun </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.timeextension.com" data-active="false" target="_blank" class="link " > Time Extension </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.vg247.com" data-active="false" target="_blank" class="link " > VG247 </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.videogameschronicle.com" data-active="false" target="_blank" class="link " > VGC </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </footer> </div> </body> </html>