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href="#Führer_durch_den_Königlich_botanischen_Garten_(Engler_1886)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span><i>Führer durch den Königlich botanischen Garten</i> (Engler 1886)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Führer_durch_den_Königlich_botanischen_Garten_(Engler_1886)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle <i>Führer durch den Königlich botanischen Garten</i> (Engler 1886) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Führer_durch_den_Königlich_botanischen_Garten_(Engler_1886)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Division_Zoidogamae_(Archegoniatae)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Division_Zoidogamae_(Archegoniatae)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Division Zoidogamae (Archegoniatae)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Division_Zoidogamae_(Archegoniatae)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Division_Siphonogamae_(Phanerogamae,_Anthophyta)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Division_Siphonogamae_(Phanerogamae,_Anthophyta)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Division Siphonogamae (Phanerogamae, Anthophyta)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Division_Siphonogamae_(Phanerogamae,_Anthophyta)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Subdivision_Gymnospermae_(Archispermae)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subdivision_Gymnospermae_(Archispermae)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Subdivision Gymnospermae (Archispermae)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subdivision_Gymnospermae_(Archispermae)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subdivision_Angiospermae_(Metaspermae)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subdivision_Angiospermae_(Metaspermae)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Subdivision Angiospermae (Metaspermae)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subdivision_Angiospermae_(Metaspermae)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Class_Monocotyledoneae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Class_Monocotyledoneae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2.1</span> <span>Class Monocotyledoneae</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Class_Monocotyledoneae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Class_Dicotyledoneae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Class_Dicotyledoneae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2.2</span> <span>Class Dicotyledoneae</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Class_Dicotyledoneae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Die_Natürlichen_Pflanzenfamilien_(Engler_and_Prantl_1887–1915)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Die_Natürlichen_Pflanzenfamilien_(Engler_and_Prantl_1887–1915)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span><i>Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien</i> (Engler and Prantl 1887–1915)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Die_Natürlichen_Pflanzenfamilien_(Engler_and_Prantl_1887–1915)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syllabus_der_Pflanzenfamilien_(Engler_ed._1892–)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syllabus_der_Pflanzenfamilien_(Engler_ed._1892–)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span><i>Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien</i> (Engler ed. 1892–)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syllabus_der_Pflanzenfamilien_(Engler_ed._1892–)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Das_Pflanzerreich_(Engler_ed._1900–)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Das_Pflanzerreich_(Engler_ed._1900–)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span><i>Das Pflanzerreich</i> (Engler ed. 1900–)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Das_Pflanzerreich_(Engler_ed._1900–)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Bibliography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Works_by_Engler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_by_Engler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Works by Engler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_by_Engler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_about_Engler" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_about_Engler"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Works about Engler</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_about_Engler-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div 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class="mw-page-title-main">Engler system</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englerov_sistem" title="Englerov sistem – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Englerov sistem" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engler%C5%AFv_syst%C3%A9m" title="Englerův systém – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Englerův systém" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englers_system" title="Englers system – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Englers system" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systematik_der_Pflanzen_nach_Engler" title="Systematik der Pflanzen nach Engler – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Systematik der Pflanzen nach Engler" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_clasificaci%C3%B3n_de_Engler" title="Sistema de clasificación de Engler – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sistema de clasificación de Engler" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classification_d%27Engler" title="Classification d'Engler – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Classification d'Engler" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_clasificaci%C3%B3n_de_Engler" title="Sistema de clasificación de Engler – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sistema de clasificación de Engler" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_Engler" title="Sistema Engler – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sistema Engler" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_Engler" title="Sistem Engler – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sistem Engler" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_Engler" title="Sistem Engler – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sistem Engler" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engler-systeem" title="Engler-systeem – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Engler-systeem" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engler-systemet" title="Engler-systemet – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Engler-systemet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_Englera" title="System Englera – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="System Englera" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistema_de_Engler" title="Sistema de Engler – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sistema de Engler" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D-%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A7%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="ఎంగ్లర్-ప్రాంటల్ విధానము – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఎంగ్లర్-ప్రాంటల్ విధానము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">System of plant taxonomy devised by Adolf Engler</div> <p>One of the prime <a href="/wiki/List_of_systems_of_plant_taxonomy" title="List of systems of plant taxonomy">systems of plant taxonomy</a>, the <b>Engler system</b> was devised by <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Engler" title="Adolf Engler">Adolf Engler</a> (1844–1930), and is featured in two major taxonomic texts he authored or co-authored. His influence is reflected in the use of the terms "Engler School" and "Engler Era". Engler's starting point was that of <a href="/wiki/Eichler_system" title="Eichler system">Eichler</a> who had been the first to use <a href="/wiki/Phylogenetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Phylogenetic">phylogenetic</a> principles, although Engler himself did not think that he was.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (August 2021)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhattacharyya2005[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidV2QyHhwOnQQCpgPA59_Linnaeus'_System_of_Classification_and_Thereafter_p.&nbsp;59]_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhattacharyya2005[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidV2QyHhwOnQQCpgPA59_Linnaeus'_System_of_Classification_and_Thereafter_p.&nbsp;59]-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Engler's_works"><span id="Engler.27s_works"></span>Engler's works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engler_system&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Engler's works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His modified Eichler schema first appeared in 1886 in his <i>Guide to Breslau Botanic Garden</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngler1886[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsUcyAQAAMAAJpgPA10_Systematische_Abteilung_pp.&nbsp;10–11]_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngler1886[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsUcyAQAAMAAJpgPA10_Systematische_Abteilung_pp.&nbsp;10–11]-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (of which he was the director) and was expanded in his <i><a href="/wiki/Syllabus_der_Pflanzenfamilien" title="Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien">Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien</a></i> in 1892.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaik1984_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENaik1984-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This reflected the new post-<a href="/wiki/Darwinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Darwinian">Darwinian</a> perspective. Engler's <i>Syllabus</i> first appeared in 1892 with the title <i>Syllabus der Vorlesungen über specielle und medicinisch-pharmaceutische Botanik</i>. Many subsequent editions have appeared since, and it was continued after Engler's death in 1930. The most recent edition was the 13th in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreyStechFischer2009_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreyStechFischer2009-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The other major work was <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Nat%C3%BCrlichen_Pflanzenfamilien" title="Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien">Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien</a></i> (1887-1915) written with <a href="/wiki/Karl_Anton_Prantl" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl Anton Prantl">Karl Anton Prantl</a> in 23 volumes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEnglerPrantl1887–1915_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEnglerPrantl1887–1915-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An incomplete second edition was issued in 28 parts (1924-1980).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrodin2001p.&nbsp;98_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrodin2001p.&nbsp;98-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien</i> consisted of a complete revision of plant families down to generic level and often even further.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStace1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidVfQnuwh3bw8CpgPA31_Post-Darwinian_phylogenetic_systems_p.&nbsp;31]_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStace1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidVfQnuwh3bw8CpgPA31_Post-Darwinian_phylogenetic_systems_p.&nbsp;31]-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien</i> is still considered one of the few true World Floras.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStace1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidVfQnuwh3bw8CpgPA31_Post-Darwinian_phylogenetic_systems_p.&nbsp;31]_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStace1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidVfQnuwh3bw8CpgPA31_Post-Darwinian_phylogenetic_systems_p.&nbsp;31]-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhattacharyya2005_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhattacharyya2005-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally there was the also incomplete <i>Das Pflanzenreich</i> (1900–1968),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngler1900–1968_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngler1900–1968-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a multi-authored work which attempted to provide a modern version of <a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus'</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Species_Plantarum" title="Species Plantarum">Species Plantarum</a></i> (1753).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStace1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidVfQnuwh3bw8CpgPA31_Post-Darwinian_phylogenetic_systems_p.&nbsp;31]_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStace1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidVfQnuwh3bw8CpgPA31_Post-Darwinian_phylogenetic_systems_p.&nbsp;31]-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Engler system rapidly became the most widely used system in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltersKeil1996[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidZbaNxSnNoecCpgPA469_Traditional_phylogenetic_classification_p.&nbsp;469]_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltersKeil1996[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidZbaNxSnNoecCpgPA469_Traditional_phylogenetic_classification_p.&nbsp;469]-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>References to the Engler system may imply an edition of the <i>Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien</i> or <i>Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien</i>. The different approaches between the two works and the different editions has resulted in inconsistencies in the descriptions of the system. A number of references to the Engler system actually refer to later revisions ('<a href="/wiki/Modified_Engler_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Modified Engler system">modified Engler system</a>') undertaken by <a href="/wiki/Hans_Melchior" title="Hans Melchior">Melchior</a> and colleagues, the 12th edition of the <i>Syllabus</i> (1964). Many of the world's <a href="/wiki/Herbaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbaria">herbaria</a> have been organised on the Engler system, particularly in North America and in Europe other than Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStace1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidVfQnuwh3bw8CpgPA31_Post-Darwinian_phylogenetic_systems_p.&nbsp;31]_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStace1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidVfQnuwh3bw8CpgPA31_Post-Darwinian_phylogenetic_systems_p.&nbsp;31]-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltersKeil1996[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidZbaNxSnNoecCpgPA74_Final_stages_of_processing_specimens_p.&nbsp;74]_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltersKeil1996[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidZbaNxSnNoecCpgPA74_Final_stages_of_processing_specimens_p.&nbsp;74]-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Engler system is also reflected in his multi-volume collaborative work, begun in 1900, <i>Das Pflanzenreich: regni vegetablilis conspectus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngler1900–1968_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngler1900–1968-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Plants were considered to form a number of divisions (<i>Abteilung</i>), the number of which continually changed but initially (1886) was four and in 1919 was thirteen. Many of these referred to lower life forms such as bacteria and algae that would not necessarily be considered as plants today. Initially higher plants (<a href="/wiki/Embryophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Embryophyta">Embryophyta</a> or terrestrial plants) were considered in two divisions, <i>Embryophyta Asiphonogama</i> (bryophytes, pteridophytes) and <i>Embryophyta Siphonogama</i> (<a href="/wiki/Spermatophytes" class="mw-redirect" title="Spermatophytes">Spermatophytes</a>: gymnosperms, angiosperms), but were later subdivided. <i>Embryophyta Siphonogama</i> replaced the older term Phanerogamae, and the classes were further divided into groups of families, called orders. Engler followed Eichler's phylogeny, placing the monocotyledons before the dicotyledons, and within the latter the <a href="/wiki/Archichlamydeae" class="mw-redirect" title="Archichlamydeae">Archichlamydeae</a> before the <a href="/wiki/Metachlamydeae" class="mw-redirect" title="Metachlamydeae">Metachlamydeae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStace1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidVfQnuwh3bw8CpgPA31_Post-Darwinian_phylogenetic_systems_p.&nbsp;31]_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStace1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidVfQnuwh3bw8CpgPA31_Post-Darwinian_phylogenetic_systems_p.&nbsp;31]-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the groupings were largely based on those of <a href="/wiki/Bentham_and_Hooker" class="mw-redirect" title="Bentham and Hooker">Bentham and Hooker</a>, the ordering was very much based on the concept of the primitive plant and those that were derived from these. </p><p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Embryophyta_Engler.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Phylogenetic tree of groups of Embryophytes according to Engler"><img alt="Phylogenetic tree of groups of Embryophytes according to Engler" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Embryophyta_Engler.png" decoding="async" width="526" height="419" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="526" data-file-height="419" /></a></span> </p> <table class="wikitable" border="1"> <caption><big>Engler's <a href="/wiki/Taxonomic_rank#Ranks_in_botany" title="Taxonomic rank">Botanical Ranks</a></big> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>German</th> <th>Latin</th> <th>English </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>Abteilung</i></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Phylum" title="Phylum">divisio</a></i></td> <td>Division </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Unterabteilung</i></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Subphylum" title="Subphylum">subdivisio</a></i></td> <td>Subdivision </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Klasse</i></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Class_(biology)" title="Class (biology)">classis</a></i></td> <td>Class </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Reihe</i></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Order_(biology)" title="Order (biology)">ordo</a></i></td> <td>Order </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Unterreihe</i></td> <td><i>subordo</i></td> <td>Suborder </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Fam.</i></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">familia</a></i></td> <td>Family </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Unterfam.</i></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Subfamily" title="Subfamily">subfamilia</a></i></td> <td>Subfamily </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Gruppe</i> (§)</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Tribe_(biology)" title="Tribe (biology)">tribus</a></i></td> <td>Tribe </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Gattung</i></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a></i></td> <td>Genus </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Art</i></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a></i></td> <td>Species </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Führer_durch_den_Königlich_botanischen_Garten_(Engler_1886)"><span id="F.C3.BChrer_durch_den_K.C3.B6niglich_botanischen_Garten_.28Engler_1886.29"></span><i>Führer durch den Königlich botanischen Garten</i> (Engler 1886)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engler_system&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Führer durch den Königlich botanischen Garten (Engler 1886)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Engler_Fuhrer.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Engler_Fuhrer.png/220px-Engler_Fuhrer.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Engler_Fuhrer.png/330px-Engler_Fuhrer.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Engler_Fuhrer.png/440px-Engler_Fuhrer.png 2x" data-file-width="547" data-file-height="784" /></a><figcaption>Front cover: <i>Führer durch den Königlich botanischen Garten</i>, 1886</figcaption></figure> <p>Synopsis<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngler1886[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsUcyAQAAMAAJpgPA10_Systematische_Abteilung_pp.&nbsp;10–11]_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngler1886[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsUcyAQAAMAAJpgPA10_Systematische_Abteilung_pp.&nbsp;10–11]-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Division <a href="/wiki/Mycetozoa" title="Mycetozoa">Mycetozoa</a> (Myxomycetes)</li> <li>Division <a href="/wiki/Thallophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Thallophyta">Thallophyta</a> <ul><li>Subdivision <a href="/wiki/Schizophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Schizophyta">Schizophyta</a></li> <li>Subdivision <a href="/wiki/Algae" title="Algae">Algae</a> <ul><li>Class <a href="/wiki/Bacilleriaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacilleriaceae">Bacilleriaceae</a> (Diatomaceae)</li> <li>Class <a href="/wiki/Chlorophyceae" title="Chlorophyceae">Chlorophyceae</a></li> <li>Class <a href="/wiki/Phaeophyceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Phaeophyceae">Phaeophyceae</a></li> <li>Class <a href="/wiki/Rhodophyceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodophyceae">Rhodophyceae</a> (Florideae)</li></ul></li> <li>Subdivision <a href="/wiki/Fungi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fungi">Fungi</a> <ul><li>Class <a href="/wiki/Phycomycetes" title="Phycomycetes">Phycomycetes</a></li> <li>Class <a href="/wiki/Ustilagineae" class="mw-redirect" title="Ustilagineae">Ustilagineae</a></li> <li>Class <a href="/wiki/Ascomycetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascomycetes">Ascomycetes</a> (Lichenes)</li></ul></li> <li>Subdivision <a href="/wiki/Characeae" title="Characeae">Characeae</a></li></ul></li> <li>Division Zoidogamae (<a href="/wiki/Archegoniatae" title="Archegoniatae">Archegoniatae</a>) <ul><li>Subdivision <a href="/wiki/Bryophytes" class="mw-redirect" title="Bryophytes">Bryophyta</a> <ul><li>Class <a href="/wiki/Hepaticae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hepaticae">Hepaticae</a></li> <li>Class <a href="/wiki/Musci" class="mw-redirect" title="Musci">Musci</a> frondosi</li></ul></li> <li>Subdivision <a href="/wiki/Pteridophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Pteridophyta">Pteridophyta</a> <ul><li>Class Filicinae (2 orders) p. 11</li> <li>Class Equisetinae</li> <li>Class Lycopodinae</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Division Siphonogamae (<a href="/wiki/Phanerogamae" class="mw-redirect" title="Phanerogamae">Phanerogamae</a>, Anthophyta) <ul><li>Subdivision <a href="/wiki/Gymnospermae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gymnospermae">Gymnospermae</a> (Archispermae) <ul><li>Class Cycadinae</li> <li>Class Coniferae</li> <li>Class Gnetales</li></ul></li> <li>Subdivision <a href="/wiki/Angiospermae" class="mw-redirect" title="Angiospermae">Angiospermae</a> (Metaspermae) <ul><li>Class Monocotyledoneae (10 orders) p. 18</li> <li>Class Dicotyledoneae <ul><li>Subclass Archichlamydeae (Choripetalae, Apetalae) (25 orders) p. 30</li> <li>Subclass Sympetalae (10 orders) p. 57</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Division_Zoidogamae_(Archegoniatae)"><span id="Division_Zoidogamae_.28Archegoniatae.29"></span>Division Zoidogamae (Archegoniatae)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engler_system&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Division Zoidogamae (Archegoniatae)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Subdivision Bryophyta <ul><li>Class Hepaticae</li> <li>Class Musci frondosi</li></ul></li> <li>Subdivision Pteridophyta <ul><li>Class Filicinae (2 orders) <ul><li>Order Filices p. 11</li> <li>Order Hydropterides p. 13</li></ul></li> <li>Class Equisetinae</li> <li>Class Lycopodinae</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Division_Siphonogamae_(Phanerogamae,_Anthophyta)"><span id="Division_Siphonogamae_.28Phanerogamae.2C_Anthophyta.29"></span>Division Siphonogamae (Phanerogamae, Anthophyta)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engler_system&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Division Siphonogamae (Phanerogamae, Anthophyta)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Subdivision_Gymnospermae_(Archispermae)"><span id="Subdivision_Gymnospermae_.28Archispermae.29"></span>Subdivision Gymnospermae (Archispermae)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engler_system&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Subdivision Gymnospermae (Archispermae)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Class Cycadinae</li> <li>Class Coniferae</li> <li>Class Gnetales</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Subdivision_Angiospermae_(Metaspermae)"><span id="Subdivision_Angiospermae_.28Metaspermae.29"></span>Subdivision Angiospermae (Metaspermae)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engler_system&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Subdivision Angiospermae (Metaspermae)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Class Monocotyledoneae (10 orders) p. 18</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Class_Monocotyledoneae">Class Monocotyledoneae</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engler_system&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Class Monocotyledoneae"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Order Pandanales (3 families) p. 18</li> <li>Order Helobiae (Fluviales) (9 families) p. 18</li> <li>Order Glumiflorae (2 families) p. 18 <ul><li>Family Gramineae</li> <li>Family Cyperaceae p. 21</li></ul></li> <li>Order Principes (1 family) p. 21</li> <li>Order Synanthae (1 family) p. 22</li> <li>Order Spathiflorae (2 families) p. 22</li> <li>Order Farinosae (11 families) p. 23</li> <li>Order Liliiflorae (Solido-albuminatae) (8 families) p. 23 <ul><li>Family Juncaceae p. 23</li> <li>Family Liliaceae (10 subfamilies) p. 23 <ul><li>Subfamily Melanthioideae p. 24</li> <li>Subfamily Herrerioideae</li> <li>Subfamily Asphodeloideae</li> <li>Subfamily Allioideae p. 25</li> <li>Subfamily Liliodeae p. 25</li> <li>Subfamily Dracaenoideae</li> <li>Subfamily Asparagoideae p. 26</li> <li>Subfamily Ophiopogonoideae</li> <li>Subfamily Luzuriagoideae</li> <li>Subfamily Smilacoideae p. 26</li></ul></li> <li>Family Haemodoraceae</li> <li>Family Amaryllidaceae (3 subfalies) p. 26 <ul><li>Subfamily Amaryllidoideae p. 26</li> <li>Subfamily Agavoideae p. 26</li> <li>Subfamily Hypoxidoideae</li></ul></li> <li>Family Velloziaceae p. 27</li> <li>Family Taccaceae</li> <li>Family Dioscoreaceae</li> <li>Family Iridaceae (3 subfamilies) p. 27 <ul><li>Subfamily Crocoideae</li> <li>Subfamily Iridoideae</li> <li>Subfamily Ixioideae</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Order Scitamineae p. 28</li> <li>Order Microspermae</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Class_Dicotyledoneae">Class Dicotyledoneae</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engler_system&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Class Dicotyledoneae"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Subclass Archichlamydeae (Choripetalae, Apetalae) (25 orders) p. 30</li> <li>Subclass Sympetalae (10 orders) p. 57</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Die_Natürlichen_Pflanzenfamilien_(Engler_and_Prantl_1887–1915)"><span id="Die_Nat.C3.BCrlichen_Pflanzenfamilien_.28Engler_and_Prantl_1887.E2.80.931915.29"></span><i>Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien</i> (Engler and Prantl 1887–1915)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engler_system&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien (Engler and Prantl 1887–1915)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Die_Nat%C3%BCrlichen_Pflanzenfamilien" title="Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien">Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien</a></div> <p>Synopsis of first edition <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEnglerPrantl1887–1915_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEnglerPrantl1887–1915-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mycetozoa" title="Mycetozoa">Myxothallophyta (Myxomycetes)</a> [I (1)] 1897</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thallophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Thallophyta">Euthallophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embryophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Embryophyta">Embryophyta</a> Zoidiogama (Archegoniatae) (later Embryophyta Asiphonogama) [I (3)] 1909</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embryophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Embryophyta">Embryophyta</a> Siphonogama [II (1)] 1889</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Syllabus_der_Pflanzenfamilien_(Engler_ed._1892–)"><span id="Syllabus_der_Pflanzenfamilien_.28Engler_ed._1892.E2.80.93.29"></span><i>Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien</i> (Engler ed. 1892–)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engler_system&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (Engler ed. 1892–)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Syllabus_der_Pflanzenfamilien" title="Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien">Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien</a></div> <p>Synopsis of first edition <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngler1892_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngler1892-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mycetozoa" title="Mycetozoa">Myxothallophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thallophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Thallophyta">Euthallophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embryophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Embryophyta">Embryophyta</a> Zoidiogama (Archegoniatae)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embryophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Embryophyta">Embryophyta</a> Siphonogama (<a href="/wiki/Phanerogamae" class="mw-redirect" title="Phanerogamae">Phanerogamae</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gymnospermae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gymnospermae">Gymnospermae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angiospermae" class="mw-redirect" title="Angiospermae">Angiospermae</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Das_Pflanzerreich_(Engler_ed._1900–)"><span id="Das_Pflanzerreich_.28Engler_ed._1900.E2.80.93.29"></span><i>Das Pflanzerreich</i> (Engler ed. 1900–)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engler_system&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Das Pflanzerreich (Engler ed. 1900–)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Foreword" title="Foreword">foreword</a> included in the first part of this monumental work,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngler1900–1968_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngler1900–1968-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Engler explained the need for a more detailed monograph than in <i>Pflanzenfamilien</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis1957_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis1957-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engler_system&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engler_system&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhattacharyya2005[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidV2QyHhwOnQQCpgPA59_Linnaeus'_System_of_Classification_and_Thereafter_p.&nbsp;59]-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhattacharyya2005[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidV2QyHhwOnQQCpgPA59_Linnaeus'_System_of_Classification_and_Thereafter_p.&nbsp;59]_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBhattacharyya2005">Bhattacharyya 2005</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V2QyHhwOnQQC&pg=PA59">Linnaeus' System of Classification and Thereafter p. 59</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngler1886[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsUcyAQAAMAAJpgPA10_Systematische_Abteilung_pp.&nbsp;10–11]-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngler1886[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsUcyAQAAMAAJpgPA10_Systematische_Abteilung_pp.&nbsp;10–11]_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngler1886[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidsUcyAQAAMAAJpgPA10_Systematische_Abteilung_pp.&nbsp;10–11]_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEngler1886">Engler 1886</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sUcyAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA10">Systematische Abteilung pp. 10–11</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENaik1984-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENaik1984_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNaik1984">Naik 1984</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreyStechFischer2009-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreyStechFischer2009_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreyStechFischer2009">Frey, Stech & Fischer 2009</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEnglerPrantl1887–1915-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEnglerPrantl1887–1915_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEnglerPrantl1887–1915_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEnglerPrantl1887–1915">Engler & Prantl 1887–1915</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrodin2001p.&nbsp;98-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrodin2001p.&nbsp;98_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrodin2001">Frodin 2001</a>, p. 98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStace1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidVfQnuwh3bw8CpgPA31_Post-Darwinian_phylogenetic_systems_p.&nbsp;31]-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStace1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidVfQnuwh3bw8CpgPA31_Post-Darwinian_phylogenetic_systems_p.&nbsp;31]_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStace1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidVfQnuwh3bw8CpgPA31_Post-Darwinian_phylogenetic_systems_p.&nbsp;31]_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStace1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidVfQnuwh3bw8CpgPA31_Post-Darwinian_phylogenetic_systems_p.&nbsp;31]_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStace1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidVfQnuwh3bw8CpgPA31_Post-Darwinian_phylogenetic_systems_p.&nbsp;31]_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStace1989[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidVfQnuwh3bw8CpgPA31_Post-Darwinian_phylogenetic_systems_p.&nbsp;31]_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStace1989">Stace 1989</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VfQnuwh3bw8C&pg=PA31">Post-Darwinian phylogenetic systems p. 31</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBhattacharyya2005-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBhattacharyya2005_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBhattacharyya2005">Bhattacharyya 2005</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngler1900–1968-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngler1900–1968_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngler1900–1968_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngler1900–1968_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEngler1900–1968">Engler 1900–1968</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltersKeil1996[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidZbaNxSnNoecCpgPA469_Traditional_phylogenetic_classification_p.&nbsp;469]-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltersKeil1996[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidZbaNxSnNoecCpgPA469_Traditional_phylogenetic_classification_p.&nbsp;469]_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWaltersKeil1996">Walters & Keil 1996</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZbaNxSnNoecC&pg=PA469">Traditional phylogenetic classification p. 469</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaltersKeil1996[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidZbaNxSnNoecCpgPA74_Final_stages_of_processing_specimens_p.&nbsp;74]-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaltersKeil1996[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidZbaNxSnNoecCpgPA74_Final_stages_of_processing_specimens_p.&nbsp;74]_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWaltersKeil1996">Walters & Keil 1996</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZbaNxSnNoecC&pg=PA74">Final stages of processing specimens p. 74</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEngler1892-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEngler1892_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEngler1892">Engler 1892</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDavis1957-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDavis1957_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDavis1957">Davis 1957</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engler_system&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_by_Engler">Works by Engler</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engler_system&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Works by Engler"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEngler1886" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Engler" title="Adolf Engler">Engler, Adolf</a> (1886). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sUcyAQAAMAAJ"><i>Führer durch den Königlich botanischen Garten der Universität zu Breslau</i></a> (in German). J.U. Kerns Verlag (Max Müller)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=F%C3%BChrer+durch+den+K%C3%B6niglich+botanischen+Garten+der+Universit%C3%A4t+zu+Breslau&rft.pub=J.U.+Kerns+Verlag+%28Max+M%C3%BCller%29&rft.date=1886&rft.aulast=Engler&rft.aufirst=Adolf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsUcyAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEngler+system" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnglerPrantl1887–1915" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Engler" title="Adolf Engler">Engler, Adolf</a>; <a href="/wiki/Karl_Anton_Prantl" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl Anton Prantl">Prantl, Karl</a>, eds. (1887–1915). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/4635#/summary"><i>Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien nebst ihren Gattungen und wichtigeren Arten, insbesondere den Nutzpflanzen, unter Mitwirkung zahlreicher hervorragender Fachgelehrten</i></a> (in German). Vol. 33 parts (Abteilungen) in 23 volumes. Leipzig: W. Engelmann<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Nat%C3%BCrlichen+Pflanzenfamilien+nebst+ihren+Gattungen+und+wichtigeren+Arten%2C+insbesondere+den+Nutzpflanzen%2C+unter+Mitwirkung+zahlreicher+hervorragender+Fachgelehrten&rft.place=Leipzig&rft.pub=W.+Engelmann&rft.date=1887%2F1915&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fbibliography%2F4635%23%2Fsummary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEngler+system" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(At BHL, also <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CCRO1jcz8h8C">III (6–8)</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEngler1892" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Engler" title="Adolf Engler">Engler, Adolf</a> (1892). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/69853#/summary"><i>Syllabus der Vorlesungen über specielle und medicinisch-pharmaceutische Botanik. Eine Uebersicht über das gesammte Pflanzensystem mit Berücksichtigung der Medicinal-und Nutzpflanzen</i></a> (in German) (1st ed.). Berlin: Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlag. p. 143<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Syllabus+der+Vorlesungen+%C3%BCber+specielle+und+medicinisch-pharmaceutische+Botanik.+Eine+Uebersicht+%C3%BCber+das+gesammte+Pflanzensystem+mit+Ber%C3%BCcksichtigung+der+Medicinal-und+Nutzpflanzen&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=143&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Gebr%C3%BCder+Borntraeger+Verlag&rft.date=1892&rft.aulast=Engler&rft.aufirst=Adolf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fbibliography%2F69853%23%2Fsummary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEngler+system" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreyStechFischer2009" class="citation book cs1">Frey, Wolfgang; Stech, Michael; Fischer, Eberhard, eds. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.schweizerbart.de/publications/detail/isbn/9783443010638/Syllabus_of_Plant_Families_A_Engler_s_Syllabus_der"><i>A. Engler's Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien Part 3: Bryophytes and seedless vascular plants</i></a> (13th ed.). Berlin: Borntraeger. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-443-01063-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-443-01063-8"><bdi>978-3-443-01063-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A.+Engler%27s+Syllabus+der+Pflanzenfamilien+Part+3%3A+Bryophytes+and+seedless+vascular+plants&rft.place=Berlin&rft.edition=13th&rft.pub=Borntraeger&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-3-443-01063-8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.schweizerbart.de%2Fpublications%2Fdetail%2Fisbn%2F9783443010638%2FSyllabus_of_Plant_Families_A_Engler_s_Syllabus_der&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEngler+system" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Syllabus_der_Pflanzenfamilien.html?id=EzZFAQAAIAAJ">Google Books</a></li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEngler1900–1968" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Engler" title="Adolf Engler">Engler, Adolf</a>, ed. (1900–1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/250#/summary"><i>Das Pflanzenreich: regni vegetablilis conspectus</i></a> (in German). Leipzig: W. Engelmann.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+Pflanzenreich%3A+regni+vegetablilis+conspectus&rft.place=Leipzig&rft.pub=W.+Engelmann&rft.date=1900%2F1968&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fbibliography%2F250%23%2Fsummary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEngler+system" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_about_Engler">Works about Engler</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engler_system&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Works about Engler"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis1957" class="citation journal cs1">Davis, Mervyn T. (August 1957). "A guide and an analysis of Engler's "Das Pflanzenreich"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i><a href="/wiki/Taxon_(journal)" title="Taxon (journal)">Taxon</a></i>. <b>6</b> (6): 161–182. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1217029">10.2307/1217029</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1217029">1217029</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Taxon&rft.atitle=A+guide+and+an+analysis+of+Engler%27s+%22Das+Pflanzenreich%22&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=161-182&rft.date=1957-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1217029&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1217029%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Mervyn+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEngler+system" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrodin2001" class="citation book cs1">Frodin, David G. (2001) [1984]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aMjXCF4rmDUC"><i>Guide to Standard Floras of the World: An Annotated, Geographically Arranged Systematic Bibliography of the Principal Floras, Enumerations, Checklists and Chorological Atlases of Different Areas</i></a> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781139428651" title="Special:BookSources/9781139428651"><bdi>9781139428651</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guide+to+Standard+Floras+of+the+World%3A+An+Annotated%2C+Geographically+Arranged+Systematic+Bibliography+of+the+Principal+Floras%2C+Enumerations%2C+Checklists+and+Chorological+Atlases+of+Different+Areas&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9781139428651&rft.aulast=Frodin&rft.aufirst=David+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaMjXCF4rmDUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEngler+system" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorley1984" class="citation journal cs1">Morley, Thomas (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/3943">"An Index to the Families in Engler and Prantl's "Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Annals_of_the_Missouri_Botanical_Garden" title="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden">Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</a></i>. <b>71</b> (1): 210–228. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2399064">10.2307/2399064</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2399064">2399064</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Missouri+Botanical+Garden&rft.atitle=An+Index+to+the+Families+in+Engler+and+Prantl%27s+%22Die+Naturlichen+Pflanzenfamilien%27&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=210-228&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2399064&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2399064%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Morley&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpart%2F3943&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEngler+system" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStace1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Clive_A._Stace" title="Clive A. Stace">Stace, Clive A.</a> (1989) [1980]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VfQnuwh3bw8C"><i>Plant taxonomy and biosystematics</i></a> (2nd. ed.). Cambridge: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521427852" title="Special:BookSources/9780521427852"><bdi>9780521427852</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plant+taxonomy+and+biosystematics&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.edition=2nd.&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=9780521427852&rft.aulast=Stace&rft.aufirst=Clive+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVfQnuwh3bw8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEngler+system" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarter1913" class="citation book cs1">Carter, Humphrey G. (1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/20451#/summary"><i>Genera of British plants arranged according to Engler's Syllabus der pflanzenfamilien (Seventh edition 1912)</i></a>. Cambridge University Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genera+of+British+plants+arranged+according+to+Engler%27s+Syllabus+der+pflanzenfamilien+%28Seventh+edition+1912%29&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=Humphrey+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fbibliography%2F20451%23%2Fsummary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEngler+system" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhattacharyya2005" class="citation book cs1">Bhattacharyya, Bharati (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V2QyHhwOnQQC"><i>Systematic botany</i></a>. Harrow: Alpha Science International Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781842652510" title="Special:BookSources/9781842652510"><bdi>9781842652510</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Systematic+botany&rft.place=Harrow&rft.pub=Alpha+Science+International+Ltd.&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9781842652510&rft.aulast=Bhattacharyya&rft.aufirst=Bharati&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DV2QyHhwOnQQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEngler+system" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaik1984" class="citation book cs1">Naik, V.N. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GanmtXAyU0gC"><i>Taxonomy of Angiosperms</i></a>. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Education. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780074517888" title="Special:BookSources/9780074517888"><bdi>9780074517888</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Taxonomy+of+Angiosperms&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Tata+McGraw-Hill+Education&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=9780074517888&rft.aulast=Naik&rft.aufirst=V.N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGanmtXAyU0gC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEngler+system" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStuessy2009" class="citation book cs1">Stuessy, Tod F. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=b9Q2EOkw7toC"><i>Plant taxonomy: the systematic evaluation of comparative data</i></a> (2nd ed.). New York: Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231518642" title="Special:BookSources/9780231518642"><bdi>9780231518642</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plant+taxonomy%3A+the+systematic+evaluation+of+comparative+data&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780231518642&rft.aulast=Stuessy&rft.aufirst=Tod+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db9Q2EOkw7toC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEngler+system" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaltersKeil1996" class="citation book cs1">Walters, Dirk R.; Keil, David J. (1996) [1975]. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/vascularplanttax00walt"><i>Vascular plant taxonomy</i></a></span> (4th ed.). Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780787221089" title="Special:BookSources/9780787221089"><bdi>9780787221089</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vascular+plant+taxonomy&rft.place=Dubuque%2C+Iowa&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Kendall%2FHunt+Pub.+Co.&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780787221089&rft.aulast=Walters&rft.aufirst=Dirk+R.&rft.au=Keil%2C+David+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvascularplanttax00walt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEngler+system" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engler_system&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bihrmann.com/caudiciforms/div/tax-eng.asp">Engler & Prantl system</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slideshare.net/jayakar/engler-prantl-system-of-classification">Bhandary, J. Engler & Prantl system of classification. 2013</a> Slide show</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tuninst.net/MP-TAXON/hist-class3/hist-class3.htm#ENGLER">George H. M. Lawrence TAXONOMY OF VASCULAR PLANTS: Part One 03. History of Classification: Theories</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_systems_of_plant_taxonomy" title="Template:List of systems of plant taxonomy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_systems_of_plant_taxonomy" title="Template talk:List of systems of plant taxonomy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_systems_of_plant_taxonomy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of systems of plant taxonomy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="List_of_systems_of_plant_taxonomy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_systems_of_plant_taxonomy" title="List of systems of plant taxonomy">List of systems of plant taxonomy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><small>This is a selected list of the more influential systems. There are many other systems, for instance a review of earlier systems, published by <a href="/wiki/Lindley_system" title="Lindley system">Lindley</a> in his 1853 edition, and <a href="/wiki/Rolf_Dahlgren" title="Rolf Dahlgren">Dahlgren</a> (1982). Examples include the works of <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Antonio_Scopoli" title="Giovanni Antonio Scopoli">Scopoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Pierre_Ventenat" title="Étienne Pierre Ventenat">Ventenat</a>, <a href="/wiki/August_Batsch" title="August Batsch">Batsch</a> and <a href="/wiki/August_Grisebach" title="August Grisebach">Grisebach</a>.</small></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pre-Linnaean" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Pre-<a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaean</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="John_Ray_system_(1686–1704)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/John_Ray" title="John Ray">John Ray system (1686–1704)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>A discourse on the seeds of plants</i></li> <li><i>Methodus plantarum nova</i></li> <li><i>De Variis Plantarum Methodis Dissertatio Brevis</i></li> <li><i>Methodus plantarum emendata et aucta</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9.jpg/41px-Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9.jpg" decoding="async" width="41" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9.jpg/62px-Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9.jpg/83px-Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1938" data-file-height="2342" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pre-Darwinian" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Pre-<a href="/wiki/Darwinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Darwinian">Darwinian</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Linnaean_taxonomy" title="Linnaean taxonomy">Linnaean system (1735–51)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Systema_Naturae" title="Systema Naturae">Systema Naturae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Species_Plantarum" title="Species Plantarum">Species Plantarum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Genera_Plantarum" title="Genera Plantarum">Genera Plantarum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philosophia_Botanica" title="Philosophia Botanica">Philosophia Botanica</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adanson_system" title="Adanson system">Adanson system (1763)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Familles naturelles des plantes</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/De_Jussieu_system" title="De Jussieu system">De Jussieu system (1789)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Genera Plantarum, secundum ordines naturales disposita juxta methodum in Horto Regio Parisiensi exaratam</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/De_Candolle_system" title="De Candolle system">De Candolle system (1819–24)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9orie_%C3%A9l%C3%A9mentaire_de_la_botanique" class="mw-redirect" title="Théorie élémentaire de la botanique">Théorie élémentaire de la botanique, ou exposition des principes de la classification naturelle et de l'art de décrire et d'etudier les végétaux</a></i></li> <li><i>Prodromus systemati naturalis regni vegetabilis sive enumeratio contracta ordinum, generum specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarum, juxta methodi naturalis normas digesta</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_Berchtold" title="Friedrich von Berchtold">Berchtold</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jan_Svatopluk_Presl" title="Jan Svatopluk Presl">Presl</a><br /> system (1820–1823)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/O_Prirozenosti_Rostlin" class="mw-redirect" title="O Prirozenosti Rostlin">O Prirozenosti Rostlin</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Adolph_Agardh" title="Carl Adolph Agardh">Agardh system (1825)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Classes Plantarum</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Frederick_Gray" title="Samuel Frederick Gray">Gray system (1821)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>The Natural Arrangement of British Plants</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Julius_Perleb" title="Karl Julius Perleb">Perleb system (1826)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte des Pflanzenreichs</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Barth%C3%A9lemy_Charles_Joseph_Dumortier" title="Barthélemy Charles Joseph Dumortier">Dumortier system (1829)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Analyse des familles des plantes</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lindley_system" title="Lindley system">Lindley system (1830–45)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>An Introduction to the Natural System of Botany</i></li> <li><i>The Vegetable Kingdom</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/George_Don" title="George Don">Don system (1834)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>General History of Dichlamydious Plants</i>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bentham_%26_Hooker_system" title="Bentham & Hooker system">Bentham & Hooker system<br />(1862–83)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata definita</i>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Ernest_Baillon" title="Henri Ernest Baillon">Baillon system (1867–94)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Histoire des plantes</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Post-Darwinian_(Phyletic)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Post-<a href="/wiki/Darwinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Darwinian">Darwinian</a> (Phyletic)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nineteenth century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eichler_system" title="Eichler system">Eichler system (1875–1886)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Blüthendiagramme: construirt und erläutert</i></li> <li><i>Syllabus der Vorlesungen über Phanerogamenkunde</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Engler system (1886–1924)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Führer durch den Königlich botanischen Garten der Universität zu Breslau</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Die_Nat%C3%BCrlichen_Pflanzenfamilien" title="Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien">Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Syllabus_der_Pflanzenfamilien" title="Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien">Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien</a></i></li> <li><i>Das Pflanzenreich</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_van_Tieghem" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippe van Tieghem">van Tieghem system (1891)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Traité de botanique</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Twentieth century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Wilhelm_von_Dalla_Torre" title="Karl Wilhelm von Dalla Torre">Dalla Torre & Harms<br /> system (1900–07)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Genera Siphonogamarum, ad systema Englerianum conscripta</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eugenius_Warming" title="Eugenius Warming">Warming system (1912)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Haandbog i den systematiske botanik</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Hallier" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Hallier">Hallier system (1912)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>L'origine et le système phylétique des angiospermes</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bessey_system" title="Bessey system">Bessey system (1915)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>The phylogenetic taxonomy of flowering plants</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wettstein_system" title="Wettstein system">Wettstein system (1901–35)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Handbuch der systematischen Botanik</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Paulus_Lotsy" title="Johannes Paulus Lotsy">Lotsy system (1907–11)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Vorträge über botanische Stammesgeschichte, gehalten an der Reichsuniversität zu Leiden. Ein Lehrbuch der Pflanzensystematik</i>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hutchinson_system" title="Hutchinson system">Hutchinson system (1926–73)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>The families of flowering plants, arranged according to a new system based on their probable phylogeny</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Calestani" title="Vittorio Calestani">Calestani system (1933)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Le origini e la classificazione delle Angiosperme</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yojiro_Kimura" title="Yojiro Kimura">Kimura system (1956)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Système et phylogénie des monocotyledones</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Emberger" title="Louis Emberger">Emberger system (1960)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Traité de Botanique systématique</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Melchior_system" title="Melchior system">Melchior system (1964)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Takhtajan_system" title="Takhtajan system">Takhtajan system (1966–97)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>A system and phylogeny of the flowering plants</i></li> <li><i>Flowering plants: origin and dispersal</i></li> <li><i>Diversity and classification of flowering plants</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cronquist_system" title="Cronquist system">Cronquist system (1968–81)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>The evolution and classification of flowering plants</i></li> <li><i>An integrated system of classification of flowering plants</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Goldberg_system" title="Goldberg system">Goldberg system (1986–89</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Classification, Evolution and Phylogeny of the Families of Dicotyledons</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dahlgren_system" title="Dahlgren system">Dahlgren system (1975–85)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>The families of the monocotyledons: structure, evolution, and taxonomy</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thorne_system" title="Thorne system">Thorne system (1968–2000)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>An updated phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kubitzki_system" title="Kubitzki system">Kubitzki system (1990–)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reveal_system" title="Reveal system">Reveal system (1997)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Reveal System of Angiosperm Classification</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Group_System_(1998–)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Group" title="Angiosperm Phylogeny Group">Angiosperm Phylogeny Group System (1998–)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/APG_system" title="APG system">An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants (APG I)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/APG_II_system" title="APG II system">An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/APG_III_system" title="APG III system">An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chase_%26_Reveal_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Chase & Reveal System">Chase & Reveal System</a> (2009)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/APG_IV_system" title="APG IV system">An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Angiosperm_Phylogeny_Website" title="Angiosperm Phylogeny Website">Angiosperm Phylogeny Website</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">See also</span></dt> <dd><i><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Plantae_(L.)" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Plantae (L.)">Plantae</a></i> at Wikispecies • </dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Engler_system&oldid=1144435936">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Engler_system&oldid=1144435936</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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