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print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the grouping of regions by a presidential decree. For the federal constituent units, see <a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Federal subjects of Russia</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <p>The <b>federal districts</b> (Russian: <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">федеральные округа</span></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[fʲɪdʲɪˈralʲnɨjɪ<span class="wrap"> </span>ɐkrʊˈɡa]</a></span>) are groupings of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">federal subjects</a> of <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. Federal districts consist of a group of regions with various autonomy levels as per constitution, but the districts themselves are not mentioned by the constitution and are not autonomous, do not have administrative competences of their own, and do not manage regional affairs. They exist solely to monitor consistency between the federal and regional bodies of law, and ensure federal management of the civil service, judiciary, and federal agencies operating in the regions.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The federal district system was established on 13 May 2000. </p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Russian_districts.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Map_of_Russian_districts.svg/400px-Map_of_Russian_districts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Map_of_Russian_districts.svg/600px-Map_of_Russian_districts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Map_of_Russian_districts.svg/800px-Map_of_Russian_districts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1092" data-file-height="630"></a><figcaption>The eight federal districts of Russia</figcaption></figure> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#List_of_federal_districts"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">List of federal districts</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Presidential_plenipotentiary_envoys"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Presidential plenipotentiary envoys</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="List_of_federal_districts">List of federal districts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_districts_of_Russia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: List of federal districts" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" rowspan="2">Federal district<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th rowspan="2">Date<br>established </th> <th rowspan="2">Area<sup id="cite_ref-area_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-area-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br>(km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/2021_Russian_census" title="2021 Russian census">2021 census</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-hdi_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hdi-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Gross_regional_domestic_product" title="Gross regional domestic product">GRDP</a> (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-GDP_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDP-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Federal<br>subjects</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">Administrative<br>centre</a> </th> <th rowspan="2">Map </th></tr> <tr> <th data-sort-type="number">Population </th> <th>per km<sup>2</sup> </th> <th>Total </th> <th>Per capita </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#aa6ca6;"></td> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/North_Caucasian_Federal_District" title="North Caucasian Federal District">North Caucasian</a> </td> <td>19 January 2010 </td> <td>170,400 </td> <td>10,171,000 </td> <td>60 </td> <td>0.793 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_ruble" title="Russian ruble">₽</a>3.111 trillion<br>(<a href="/wiki/USD" class="mw-redirect" title="USD">$</a>45 billion) </td> <td>₽305,334<br>($4458) </td> <td>7 </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Pyatigorsk" title="Pyatigorsk">Pyatigorsk</a> </td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Outline_Map_of_North_Caucasian_Federal_District.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Outline_Map_of_North_Caucasian_Federal_District.svg/100px-Outline_Map_of_North_Caucasian_Federal_District.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="89" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="532"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 89px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Outline_Map_of_North_Caucasian_Federal_District.svg/100px-Outline_Map_of_North_Caucasian_Federal_District.svg.png" data-width="100" data-height="89" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Outline_Map_of_North_Caucasian_Federal_District.svg/150px-Outline_Map_of_North_Caucasian_Federal_District.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Outline_Map_of_North_Caucasian_Federal_District.svg/200px-Outline_Map_of_North_Caucasian_Federal_District.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#fc8b8b;"></td> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Federal_District" title="Southern Federal District">Southern</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>13 May 2000 </td> <td>427,800 </td> <td>16,746,000<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>39 </td> <td>0.799 </td> <td>₽9.816 trillion<br>($143 billion) </td> <td>₽588,461<br>($8593) </td> <td>8 </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a> </td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Outline_Map_of_Southern_Federal_District_(Crimea_disputed).svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Outline_Map_of_Southern_Federal_District_%28Crimea_disputed%29.svg/100px-Outline_Map_of_Southern_Federal_District_%28Crimea_disputed%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="77" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1136" data-file-height="872"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 77px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Outline_Map_of_Southern_Federal_District_%28Crimea_disputed%29.svg/100px-Outline_Map_of_Southern_Federal_District_%28Crimea_disputed%29.svg.png" data-width="100" data-height="77" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Outline_Map_of_Southern_Federal_District_%28Crimea_disputed%29.svg/150px-Outline_Map_of_Southern_Federal_District_%28Crimea_disputed%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Outline_Map_of_Southern_Federal_District_%28Crimea_disputed%29.svg/200px-Outline_Map_of_Southern_Federal_District_%28Crimea_disputed%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ffff80; width:3em;"></td> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Federal_District" title="Central Federal District">Central</a> </td> <td>13 May 2000 </td> <td>650,200 </td> <td>40,342,000 </td> <td>62 </td> <td>0.845 </td> <td>₽47.368 trillion<br>($692 billion) </td> <td>₽1,176,273<br>($17176) </td> <td>18 </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> </td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Outline_Map_of_Central_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Outline_Map_of_Central_Russia.svg/100px-Outline_Map_of_Central_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="105" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="684" data-file-height="719"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 105px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Outline_Map_of_Central_Russia.svg/100px-Outline_Map_of_Central_Russia.svg.png" data-width="100" data-height="105" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Outline_Map_of_Central_Russia.svg/150px-Outline_Map_of_Central_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Outline_Map_of_Central_Russia.svg/200px-Outline_Map_of_Central_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#62d2c5;"></td> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Federal_District" title="Northwestern Federal District">Northwestern</a> </td> <td>13 May 2000 </td> <td>1,687,000 </td> <td>13,917,000 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>0.833 </td> <td>₽18.929 trillion<br>($276 billion) </td> <td>₽1,362,907<br>($19901) </td> <td>11 </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> </td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Outline_Map_of_Northwestern_Federal_District.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Outline_Map_of_Northwestern_Federal_District.svg/100px-Outline_Map_of_Northwestern_Federal_District.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1244"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 124px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Outline_Map_of_Northwestern_Federal_District.svg/100px-Outline_Map_of_Northwestern_Federal_District.svg.png" data-width="100" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Outline_Map_of_Northwestern_Federal_District.svg/150px-Outline_Map_of_Northwestern_Federal_District.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Outline_Map_of_Northwestern_Federal_District.svg/200px-Outline_Map_of_Northwestern_Federal_District.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#37ce04;"></td> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Volga_Federal_District" title="Volga Federal District">Volga</a> </td> <td>13 May 2000 </td> <td>1,037,000 </td> <td>28,943,000 </td> <td>28 </td> <td>0.804 </td> <td>₽19.664 trillion<br>($287 billion) </td> <td>₽683,355<br>($9978) </td> <td>14 </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a> </td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Outline_Map_of_Volga_Federal_District.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Outline_Map_of_Volga_Federal_District.svg/100px-Outline_Map_of_Volga_Federal_District.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="99" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="989"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 99px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Outline_Map_of_Volga_Federal_District.svg/100px-Outline_Map_of_Volga_Federal_District.svg.png" data-width="100" data-height="99" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Outline_Map_of_Volga_Federal_District.svg/150px-Outline_Map_of_Volga_Federal_District.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Outline_Map_of_Volga_Federal_District.svg/200px-Outline_Map_of_Volga_Federal_District.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#c7cb8f;"></td> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Ural_Federal_District" title="Ural Federal District">Ural</a> </td> <td>13 May 2000 </td> <td>1,818,500 </td> <td>12,301,000 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>0.839 </td> <td>₽20.073 trillion<br>($293 billion) </td> <td>₽1,635,678<br>($23884) </td> <td>6 </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Yekaterinburg" title="Yekaterinburg">Yekaterinburg</a> </td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Outline_map_of_Urals_Federal_District.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Outline_map_of_Urals_Federal_District.svg/100px-Outline_map_of_Urals_Federal_District.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="134" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="447" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 134px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Outline_map_of_Urals_Federal_District.svg/100px-Outline_map_of_Urals_Federal_District.svg.png" data-width="100" data-height="134" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Outline_map_of_Urals_Federal_District.svg/150px-Outline_map_of_Urals_Federal_District.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Outline_map_of_Urals_Federal_District.svg/200px-Outline_map_of_Urals_Federal_District.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#01bee7;"></td> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Federal_District" title="Siberian Federal District">Siberian</a> </td> <td>13 May 2000 </td> <td>4,361,800 </td> <td>16,793,000 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>0.794 </td> <td>₽13.054 trillion<br>($191 billion) </td> <td>₽781,580<br>($11412) </td> <td>10 </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Novosibirsk" title="Novosibirsk">Novosibirsk</a> </td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Outline_Map_of_Siberian_Federal_District_(2018).svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Outline_Map_of_Siberian_Federal_District_%282018%29.svg/100px-Outline_Map_of_Siberian_Federal_District_%282018%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="101" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1033" data-file-height="1045"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 101px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Outline_Map_of_Siberian_Federal_District_%282018%29.svg/100px-Outline_Map_of_Siberian_Federal_District_%282018%29.svg.png" data-width="100" data-height="101" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Outline_Map_of_Siberian_Federal_District_%282018%29.svg/150px-Outline_Map_of_Siberian_Federal_District_%282018%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Outline_Map_of_Siberian_Federal_District_%282018%29.svg/200px-Outline_Map_of_Siberian_Federal_District_%282018%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#fece2c;"></td> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_Federal_District" title="Far Eastern Federal District">Far Eastern</a> </td> <td>13 May 2000 </td> <td>6,952,600 </td> <td>7,976,000 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0.808 </td> <td>₽8.656 trillion<br>($126 billion) </td> <td>₽1,090,778<br>($15927) </td> <td>11 </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok">Vladivostok</a> </td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Outline_Map_of_Far_Eastern_Federal_District.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Outline_Map_of_Far_Eastern_Federal_District.svg/100px-Outline_Map_of_Far_Eastern_Federal_District.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="86" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="862"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 100px;height: 86px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Outline_Map_of_Far_Eastern_Federal_District.svg/100px-Outline_Map_of_Far_Eastern_Federal_District.svg.png" data-width="100" data-height="86" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Outline_Map_of_Far_Eastern_Federal_District.svg/150px-Outline_Map_of_Far_Eastern_Federal_District.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Outline_Map_of_Far_Eastern_Federal_District.svg/200px-Outline_Map_of_Far_Eastern_Federal_District.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i>Source</i>:<sup id="cite_ref-FD_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FD-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Includes the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Crimea_(Russia)" title="Republic of Crimea (Russia)">Republic of Crimea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">annexed by Russia in 2014</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Kherson_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Kherson Oblast">Kherson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="Luhansk People's Republic">Luhansk</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Zaporizhzhia_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Zaporizhzhia Oblast">Zaporizhia</a> oblasts <a href="/wiki/Russian_annexation_of_Donetsk,_Kherson,_Luhansk_and_Zaporizhzhia_oblasts" title="Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts">annexed in 2022</a>; recognized as parts of <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> by most of the international community.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Population figures from the Crimean Census in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crimea was <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">annexed</a> by Russia in 2014, after the 2010 Russian Census.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_districts_of_Russia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>The federal districts of Russia were established by a decree issued by <a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> on 13 May 2000 to facilitate the federal government's control of the then 89 federal subjects across the country.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 19 January 2010, the new North Caucasian Federal District split from the Southern Federal District.<sup id="cite_ref-FD_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FD-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2014, after the <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">annexation of Crimea</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Federal_District" title="Crimean Federal District">Crimean Federal District</a> was established.<sup id="cite_ref-rbc_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rbc-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The legality of this annexation is disputed by an overwhelming majority of countries.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 28 July 2016 the Crimean Federal District was abolished and merged into the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Federal_District" title="Southern Federal District">Southern Federal District</a> in order to improve governance.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2018, <a href="/wiki/Buryatia" title="Buryatia">Buryatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zabaykalsky_Krai" title="Zabaykalsky Krai">Zabaykalsky Krai</a> were moved from the <a href="/wiki/Siberian_Federal_District" title="Siberian Federal District">Siberian Federal District</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_Federal_District" title="Far Eastern Federal District">Far Eastern Federal District</a> in accordance with a decree issued by Putin.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Administrative Centre of the Far Eastern Federal District relocated from <a href="/wiki/Khabarovsk" title="Khabarovsk">Khabarovsk</a> to <a href="/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok">Vladivostok</a> in December 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Presidential_plenipotentiary_envoys">Presidential plenipotentiary envoys</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_districts_of_Russia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Presidential plenipotentiary envoys" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Federal_District" title="Central Federal District">Central Federal District</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Shchyogolev" title="Igor Shchyogolev">Igor Shchyogolev</a> (since 26 June 2018)<sup id="cite_ref-Meduza_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meduza-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Federal_District" title="Southern Federal District">Southern Federal District</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Ustinov" title="Vladimir Ustinov">Vladimir Ustinov</a> (since 12 May 2008)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Federal_District" title="Northwestern Federal District">Northwestern Federal District</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Gutsan" title="Aleksandr Gutsan">Aleksandr Gutsan</a> (since 7 November 2018)<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_Eastern_Federal_District" title="Far Eastern Federal District">Far Eastern Federal District</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yury_Trutnev" title="Yury Trutnev">Yury Trutnev</a> (since 31 August 2013)<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Federal_District" title="Siberian Federal District">Siberian Federal District</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Seryshev" title="Anatoly Seryshev">Anatoly Seryshev</a> (since 12 October 2021)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ural_Federal_District" title="Ural Federal District">Ural Federal District</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Yakushev" title="Vladimir Yakushev">Vladimir Yakushev</a> (since 9 November 2020)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volga_Federal_District" title="Volga Federal District">Volga Federal District</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Igor_Komarov" title="Igor Komarov">Igor Komarov</a> (since 7 September 2018)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Caucasian_Federal_District" title="North Caucasian Federal District">North Caucasian Federal District</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yury_Chaika" title="Yury Chaika">Yury Chaika</a> (since 22 January 2020)<sup id="cite_ref-Meduza_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meduza-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_districts_of_Russia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_regions_of_Russia" title="Economic regions of Russia">Economic regions of Russia</a>, a similar grouping of federal subjects, for economic and statistical purposes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">List of countries and dependencies by area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_districts_of_Russia" title="Military districts of Russia">Military districts of Russia</a>, a similar grouping of federal subjects, for military purposes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zonal_Councils_of_India" title="Zonal Councils of India">Zonal Councils of India</a>, similar entities</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_districts_of_Russia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRussell2015" 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 4,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=publication.pravo.gov.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9E%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9i+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpublication.pravo.gov.ru%2FDocument%2FView%2F0001201811040002%3Findex%3D0%26rangeSize%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+districts+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meduza.io/news/2018/12/13/putin-perenes-stolitsu-dalnevostochnogo-federalnogo-okruga-vo-vladivostok">"Путин перенес столицу Дальневосточного федерального округа во Владивосток"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%83+%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D0%BE+%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmeduza.io%2Fnews%2F2018%2F12%2F13%2Fputin-perenes-stolitsu-dalnevostochnogo-federalnogo-okruga-vo-vladivostok&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+districts+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meduza-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Meduza_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meduza_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meduza.io/news/2018/06/26/igor-holmanskih-uvolen-s-posta-polpreda-prezidenta-v-uralskom-federalnom-okruge">"Игорь Холманских уволен с поста полпреда президента в Уральском федеральном округе"</a> (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Meduza" title="Meduza">Meduza</a>. June 26, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 27,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%98%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C+%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD+%D1%81+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B5&rft.pub=Meduza&rft.date=2018-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmeduza.io%2Fnews%2F2018%2F06%2F26%2Figor-holmanskih-uvolen-s-posta-polpreda-prezidenta-v-uralskom-federalnom-okruge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+districts+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190410221731/http://www.interfax.com/newsinf.asp%3Fid%3D868482">"Putin asks Federation Council to relieve Gutsan of office as deputy prosecutor general (Part 2) – Interfax"</a>. <i>www.interfax.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interfax.com/newsinf.asp?id=868482">the original</a> on April 10, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.interfax.com&rft.atitle=Putin+asks+Federation+Council+to+relieve+Gutsan+of+office+as+deputy+prosecutor+general+%28Part+2%29+%E2%80%93+Interfax&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interfax.com%2Fnewsinf.asp%3Fid%3D868482&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+districts+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFУльяноваЯна_Милюкова2013" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ульянова, Жанна; Яна Милюкова (August 31, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gazeta.ru/politics/2013/08/31_a_5617873.shtml"><bdi lang="ru">Дальнему Востоку подобрали нового управленца</bdi></a> (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Gazeta.ru" class="mw-redirect" title="Gazeta.ru">Gazeta.ru</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%83+%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B0&rft.date=2013-08-31&rft.aulast=%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.aufirst=%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.au=%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8E%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gazeta.ru%2Fpolitics%2F2013%2F08%2F31_a_5617873.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+districts+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iz.ru/1234583/2021-10-12/putin-naznachil-serysheva-polpredom-v-sibirskom-federalnom-okruge">"Путин назначил Серышева полпредом в Сибирском Федеральном округе"</a> [Putin appointed Seryshev Plenipotentiary in the Siberian Federal District]. <i><a href="/wiki/Izvestiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Izvestiya">Izvestiya</a></i> (in Russian). October 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Izvestiya&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB+%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%B2+%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B5&rft.date=2021-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiz.ru%2F1234583%2F2021-10-12%2Fputin-naznachil-serysheva-polpredom-v-sibirskom-federalnom-okruge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFederal+districts+of+Russia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a 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href="/w/index.php?title=Federal_districts_of_Russia&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="2001:8003:9100:2C01:D112:402F:677B:5E40" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1731674023"> <span>Last edited on 15 November 2024, at 12:33</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federale_distrikte_van_Rusland" title="Federale distrikte van Rusland – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Federale distrikte van Rusland" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%82_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="قائمة مناطق روسيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قائمة مناطق روسيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distritos_federales_de_Rusia" title="Distritos federales de Rusia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Distritos federales de Rusia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BB_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%BB_%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Россиялъул Федерациялъул федералиял округал – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Россиялъул Федерациялъул федералиял округал" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusiyan%C4%B1n_federal_dair%C9%99l%C9%99ri" title="Rusiyanın federal dairələri – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rusiyanın federal dairələri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D1%96" title="Федэральны падзел Расіі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Федэральны падзел Расіі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%96" title="Фэдэральны падзел Расеі – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Фэдэральны падзел Расеі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Федерални окръзи в Русия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Федерални окръзи в Русия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federalni_okruzi_u_Rusiji" title="Federalni okruzi u Rusiji – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Federalni okruzi u Rusiji" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Оросой холбоото уласай холбооной тойрогууд – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Оросой холбоото уласай холбооной тойрогууд" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Districtes_federals_de_R%C3%BAssia" title="Districtes federals de Rússia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Districtes federals de Rússia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feder%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_okruhy_Ruska" title="Federální okruhy Ruska – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Federální okruhy Ruska" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruslands_f%C3%B8derale_distrikter" title="Ruslands føderale distrikter – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ruslands føderale distrikter" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6derationskreis" title="Föderationskreis – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Föderationskreis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6deraalringkond_(Venemaa)" title="Föderaalringkond (Venemaa) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Föderaalringkond (Venemaa)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AC_%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A1%CF%89%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Ομοσπονδιακά Διαμερίσματα της Ρωσίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ομοσπονδιακά Διαμερίσματα της Ρωσίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Россия Масторонть федерациянь кужотне – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Россия Масторонть федерациянь кужотне" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Distritos_federales_de_Rusia" title="Anexo:Distritos federales de Rusia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anexo:Distritos federales de Rusia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federaciaj_regionoj_de_Rusio" title="Federaciaj regionoj de Rusio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Federaciaj regionoj de Rusio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errusiako_barruti_federalak" title="Errusiako barruti federalak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Errusiako barruti federalak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AD%DB%8C%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87" title="ناحیه‌های فدرال روسیه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ناحیه‌های فدرال روسیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Districts_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9raux_de_Russie" title="Districts fédéraux de Russie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Districts fédéraux de Russie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Россе Федерацен федеральни гомаш – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Россе Федерацен федеральни гомаш" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%B0%EB%B0%A9%EA%B4%80%EA%B5%AC" title="러시아의 연방관구 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="러시아의 연방관구" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B7%D6%80%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ռուսաստանի դաշնային շրջաններ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռուսաստանի դաշնային շրջաններ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federaciski_wokrjes" title="Federaciski wokrjes – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Federaciski wokrjes" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruski_savezni_okruzi" title="Ruski savezni okruzi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ruski savezni okruzi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distrik_Federal_di_Rusia" title="Distrik Federal di Rusia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Distrik Federal di Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circondari_federali_della_Russia" title="Circondari federali della Russia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Circondari federali della Russia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%95%D7%96%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%94" title="מחוזות פדרליים של רוסיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מחוזות פדרליים של רוסיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Distritu_ning_Russia" title="Federal Distritu ning Russia – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Federal Distritu ning Russia" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="რუსეთის ფედერალური ოკრუგები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რუსეთის ფედერალური ოკრუგები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B4%D1%96%D2%A3_%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96" title="Ресейдің федералды округтері – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ресейдің федералды округтері" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raions_federei_de_la_Ruscia" title="Raions federei de la Ruscia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Raions federei de la Ruscia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krievijas_Feder%C4%81cijas_feder%C4%81lie_apgabali" title="Krievijas Federācijas federālie apgabali – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Krievijas Federācijas federālie apgabali" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Урусатдин Федерациядин федерал округар – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Урусатдин Федерациядин федерал округар" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusijos_Federacijos_federalin%C4%97s_apygardos" title="Rusijos Federacijos federalinės apygardos – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rusijos Federacijos federalinės apygardos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oroszorsz%C3%A1g_sz%C3%B6vets%C3%A9gi_k%C3%B6rzetei" title="Oroszország szövetségi körzetei – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Oroszország szövetségi körzetei" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Федерални окрузи во Русија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Федерални окрузи во Русија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohe_o_R%C5%ABhia" title="Rohe o Rūhia – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Rohe o Rūhia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87" title="रशियाचे संघशासित जिल्हे – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रशियाचे संघशासित जिल्हे" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="რუსეთიშ ფედერალური ოკრუგეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რუსეთიშ ფედერალური ოკრუგეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daerah_persekutuan_Rusia" title="Daerah persekutuan Rusia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Daerah persekutuan Rusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3_(%D0%9E%D0%A5%D0%A3)" title="Холбооны тойрог (ОХУ) – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Холбооны тойрог (ОХУ)" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federale_districten_van_Rusland" title="Federale districten van Rusland – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Federale districten van Rusland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%A3%E9%82%A6%E7%AE%A1%E5%8C%BA" title="連邦管区 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="連邦管区" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russlands_f%C3%B8derale_kretser" title="Russlands føderale kretser – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Russlands føderale kretser" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiske_f%C3%B8derale_distrikt" title="Russiske føderale distrikt – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Russiske føderale distrikt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossiya_federal_okruglari" title="Rossiya federal okruglari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Rossiya federal okruglari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%AF%DB%92_%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%B6%D9%84%D8%B9%DB%92" title="روس دے وفاقی ضلعے – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="روس دے وفاقی ضلعے" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%DB%90_%D9%81%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8D" title="د روسیې فدرالي ولسوالۍ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د روسیې فدرالي ولسوالۍ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okr%C4%99gi_federalne_Federacji_Rosyjskiej" title="Okręgi federalne Federacji Rosyjskiej – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Okręgi federalne Federacji Rosyjskiej" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distritos_federais_da_R%C3%BAssia" title="Distritos federais da Rússia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Distritos federais da Rússia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Districtele_federale_ale_Rusiei" title="Districtele federale ale Rusiei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Districtele federale ale Rusiei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Федеральные округа Российской Федерации – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Федеральные округа Российской Федерации" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%8B%D0%B9%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Арассыыйа федераальнай уокуруктара – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Арассыыйа федераальнай уокуруктара" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qarqet_federale_t%C3%AB_Rusis%C3%AB" title="Qarqet federale të Rusisë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Qarqet federale të Rusisë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_districts_of_Russia" title="Federal districts of Russia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Federal districts of Russia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feder%C3%A1lny_okruh" title="Federálny okruh – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Federálny okruh" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federalna_okro%C5%BEja_Rusije" title="Federalna okrožja Rusije – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Federalna okrožja Rusije" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Федерални окрузи Русије – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Федерални окрузи Русије" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federalni_okruzi_Rusije" title="Federalni okruzi Rusije – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Federalni okruzi Rusije" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%C3%A4j%C3%A4n_federaatiopiirit" title="Venäjän federaatiopiirit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Venäjän federaatiopiirit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rysslands_federala_distrikt" title="Rysslands federala distrikt – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rysslands federala distrikt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mga_Pederal_na_Distrito_ng_Rusya" title="Mga Pederal na Distrito ng Rusya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mga Pederal na Distrito ng Rusya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="உருசியாவின் நடுவண் மாவட்டங்கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உருசியாவின் நடுவண் மாவட்டங்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D2%A3_%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Россия Федерациясенең федераль округлары – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Россия Федерациясенең федераль округлары" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="เขตสหพันธ์ของประเทศรัสเซีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เขตสหพันธ์ของประเทศรัสเซีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D3%A3" title="Округи Федералӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Округи Федералӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusya%27n%C4%B1n_federal_b%C3%B6lgeleri" title="Rusya'nın federal bölgeleri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rusya'nın federal bölgeleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D1%97" title="Федеральні округи Росії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Федеральні округи Росії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3_%DA%A9%DB%92_%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%82%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9" title="روس کے وفاقی اضلاع – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="روس کے وفاقی اضلاع" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%C3%A4man_federali%C5%BEed_%C3%BCmbrikod" title="Venäman federaližed ümbrikod – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Venäman federaližed ümbrikod" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B9ng_li%C3%AAn_bang_c%E1%BB%A7a_Nga" title="Vùng liên bang của Nga – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vùng liên bang của Nga" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federoale_districtn_van_Rusland" title="Federoale districtn van Rusland – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Federoale districtn van Rusland" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E7%AE%A1%E5%8C%BA" title="俄罗斯联邦管区 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="俄罗斯联邦管区" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E7%AE%A1%E5%8D%80" title="俄羅斯聯邦管區 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="俄羅斯聯邦管區" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E7%AE%A1%E5%8D%80" title="俄羅斯聯邦管區 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="俄羅斯聯邦管區" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" 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