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id="toc-Microarchitecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Summary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Summary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Summary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Summary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Instruction_set" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Instruction_set"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Instruction set</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Instruction_set-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Performance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caching" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caching"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Caching</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caching-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Available_models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Available_models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Available models</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Available_models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fabrication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fabrication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Fabrication</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fabrication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Packaging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Packaging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Packaging</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Packaging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Upgrade_paths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Upgrade_paths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Upgrade paths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Upgrade_paths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Core_specifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Core_specifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Core specifications</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Core_specifications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Core specifications subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Core_specifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pentium_Pro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pentium_Pro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Pentium Pro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pentium_Pro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pentium_II_Overdrive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pentium_II_Overdrive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Pentium II Overdrive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pentium_II_Overdrive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bus_and_multiprocessor_capabilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bus_and_multiprocessor_capabilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bus and multiprocessor capabilities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bus_and_multiprocessor_capabilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pentium_Pro/6th_generation_competitors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pentium_Pro/6th_generation_competitors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Pentium Pro/6th generation competitors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pentium_Pro/6th_generation_competitors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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<div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Pro" title="Pentium Pro – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pentium Pro" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Pro" title="Pentium Pro – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pentium Pro" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Pentium_Pro" title="Intel Pentium Pro – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Intel Pentium Pro" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Pro" title="Pentium Pro – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pentium Pro" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Pentium_Pro" title="Intel Pentium Pro – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Intel Pentium Pro" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Pro" title="Pentium Pro – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pentium Pro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88" title="پنتیوم پرو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پنتیوم پرو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Pro" title="Pentium Pro – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pentium Pro" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%9C%ED%8B%B0%EC%97%84_%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9C" title="펜티엄 프로 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="펜티엄 프로" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Pro" title="Pentium Pro – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pentium Pro" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Pro" title="Pentium Pro – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pentium Pro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Pro" title="Pentium Pro – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Pentium Pro" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Pro" title="Pentium Pro – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pentium Pro" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B" title="പെന്റിയം പ്രോ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പെന്റിയം പ്രോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Pro" title="Pentium Pro – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="Pentium Pro" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Pro" title="Pentium Pro – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pentium Pro" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Pro" title="Pentium Pro – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Pentium Pro" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Pentium_Pro" title="Intel Pentium Pro – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Intel Pentium Pro" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Pro" title="Pentium Pro – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pentium Pro" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Pro" title="Pentium Pro – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pentium Pro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Pro" title="Pentium Pro – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Pentium Pro" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Pro" title="Pentium Pro – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pentium Pro" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Pentium_Pro" title="Intel Pentium Pro – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Intel Pentium Pro" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Pro" title="Pentium Pro – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pentium Pro" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3" title="เพนเทียมโปร – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เพนเทียมโปร" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Pro" title="Pentium Pro – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pentium Pro" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Pro" title="Pentium Pro – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Pentium Pro" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_Pro" title="Pentium Pro – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pentium Pro" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%94%E8%85%BEPro" title="奔腾Pro – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="奔腾Pro" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q628189#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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searchaux" style="display:none">Sixth-generation x86 microprocessor by Intel</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Pentium Pro</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Intel_Pentium_Pro_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Intel_Pentium_Pro_logo.svg/150px-Intel_Pentium_Pro_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Intel_Pentium_Pro_logo.svg/225px-Intel_Pentium_Pro_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Intel_Pentium_Pro_logo.svg/300px-Intel_Pentium_Pro_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launched</th><td class="infobox-data">November 1, 1995<span class="noprint"><br />(29 years ago)</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1995-11-01</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discontinued</th><td class="infobox-data">1998</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Marketed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designed by</th><td class="infobox-data">Intel</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Intel</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/CPUID" title="CPUID">CPUID</a> code</th><td class="infobox-data">0F619h</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Product code</th><td class="infobox-data">80521</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Performance</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Max. <a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">CPU</a> <a href="/wiki/Clock_rate" title="Clock rate">clock rate</a></th><td class="infobox-data">150 MHz to 200 MHz</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Front-side_bus" title="Front-side bus">FSB</a> speeds</th><td class="infobox-data">60 MT/s to 66 MT/s</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Data width</th><td class="infobox-data">64 bits</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Address width</th><td class="infobox-data">36 bits</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Virtual address width</th><td class="infobox-data">32 bits</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Cache</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">L1 <a href="/wiki/CPU_cache" title="CPU cache">cache</a></th><td class="infobox-data">16 KB (8 KB instructions + 8 KB data)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">L2 cache</th><td class="infobox-data">256 KB – 1 MB</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Architecture and classification</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Application</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">Server</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Workstation" title="Workstation">Workstation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Technology_node" class="mw-redirect" title="Technology node">Technology node</a></th><td class="infobox-data">500 nm to 350 nm</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Microarchitecture" title="Microarchitecture">Microarchitecture</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/P6_(microarchitecture)" title="P6 (microarchitecture)">P6</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Instruction_set_architecture" title="Instruction set architecture">Instruction set</a></th><td class="infobox-data">x86</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Physical specifications</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Transistor_count" title="Transistor count">Transistors</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>5.5 million</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Multi-core_processor" title="Multi-core processor">Cores</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Socket</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socket_8" title="Socket 8">Socket 8</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pentium_(original)" title="Pentium (original)">Pentium</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successors</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pentium_II" title="Pentium II">Pentium II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pentium_II_Xeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentium II Xeon">Pentium II Xeon</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Support status</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Unsupported</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Pentium Pro</b> is a sixth-generation <a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a> <a href="/wiki/Microprocessor" title="Microprocessor">microprocessor</a> developed and manufactured by <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> and introduced on November 1, 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-Fisher_19951102_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fisher_19951102-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: D-2">: D-2 </span></sup> It introduced the <a href="/wiki/P6_(microarchitecture)" title="P6 (microarchitecture)">P6 microarchitecture</a> (sometimes termed i686) and was originally intended to replace the original <a href="/wiki/Pentium_(original)" title="Pentium (original)">Pentium</a> in a full range of applications. Later, it was reduced to a more narrow role as a server and high-end desktop processor. The Pentium Pro was also used in <a href="/wiki/Supercomputer" title="Supercomputer">supercomputers</a>, most notably <a href="/wiki/ASCI_Red" title="ASCI Red">ASCI Red</a>, which used two Pentium Pro CPUs on each computing node and was the first computer to reach over one <a href="/wiki/TeraFLOPS" class="mw-redirect" title="TeraFLOPS">teraFLOPS</a> in 1996, holding the number one spot in the <a href="/wiki/TOP500" title="TOP500">TOP500</a> list from 1997 to 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-ASCI_Red_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASCI_Red-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the Pentium and Pentium MMX had 3.1 and 4.5 million <a href="/wiki/Transistor" title="Transistor">transistors</a>, respectively, the Pentium Pro contained 5.5 million transistors.<sup id="cite_ref-Brey_2003_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brey_2003-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 12">: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/intelmicroproces0000brey_x6t8/page/12">12</a> </span></sup> It was capable of both dual- and quad-processor configurations and only came in one form factor, the relatively large rectangular <a href="/wiki/Socket_8" title="Socket 8">Socket 8</a>. The Pentium Pro was succeeded by the <a href="/wiki/Pentium_II_Xeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentium II Xeon">Pentium II Xeon</a> in 1998. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Microarchitecture">Microarchitecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pentium_Pro&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Microarchitecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Intel_Pentium_Pro_Microarchitecture_Block_Diagram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Intel_Pentium_Pro_Microarchitecture_Block_Diagram.svg/266px-Intel_Pentium_Pro_Microarchitecture_Block_Diagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="266" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Intel_Pentium_Pro_Microarchitecture_Block_Diagram.svg/399px-Intel_Pentium_Pro_Microarchitecture_Block_Diagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Intel_Pentium_Pro_Microarchitecture_Block_Diagram.svg/532px-Intel_Pentium_Pro_Microarchitecture_Block_Diagram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Block Diagram of the Pentium Pro's Microarchitecture</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ppro512K.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ppro512K.jpg/170px-Ppro512K.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ppro512K.jpg/255px-Ppro512K.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ppro512K.jpg/340px-Ppro512K.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption>200 MHz Pentium Pro with a 512 KB L2 cache in <a href="/wiki/Pin_grid_array" title="Pin grid array">PGA</a> package</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pentium_Pro_Black_Edition_Front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Pentium_Pro_Black_Edition_Front.jpg/170px-Pentium_Pro_Black_Edition_Front.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Pentium_Pro_Black_Edition_Front.jpg/255px-Pentium_Pro_Black_Edition_Front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Pentium_Pro_Black_Edition_Front.jpg/340px-Pentium_Pro_Black_Edition_Front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1910" data-file-height="1765" /></a><figcaption>200 MHz Pentium Pro with a 1 MB L2 cache in <a href="/wiki/Pin_grid_array" title="Pin grid array">PPGA</a> package</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pentiumpro_moshen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pentiumpro_moshen.jpg/170px-Pentiumpro_moshen.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pentiumpro_moshen.jpg/255px-Pentiumpro_moshen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Pentiumpro_moshen.jpg/340px-Pentiumpro_moshen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2413" data-file-height="1974" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Decapping" title="Decapping">Decapped</a> Pentium Pro 256 KB</figcaption></figure> <p>The lead architect of Pentium Pro was <a href="/wiki/Fred_Pollack" title="Fred Pollack">Fred Pollack</a> who was specialized in <a href="/wiki/Superscalar" class="mw-redirect" title="Superscalar">superscalarity</a> and had also worked as the lead engineer of the <a href="/wiki/Intel_iAPX_432" title="Intel iAPX 432">Intel iAPX 432</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dvorak_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dvorak-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Summary">Summary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pentium_Pro&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Summary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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.mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Pentium_Pro" title="Special:EditPage/Pentium Pro">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Pentium Pro incorporated a new <a href="/wiki/Microarchitecture" title="Microarchitecture">microarchitecture</a>, different from the Pentium's <a href="/wiki/P5_(microarchitecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="P5 (microarchitecture)">P5</a> microarchitecture. It has a decoupled, 14-stage superpipelined architecture which used an instruction pool. The Pentium Pro (<a href="/wiki/P6_(microarchitecture)" title="P6 (microarchitecture)">P6</a>) implemented many radical architectural differences mirroring other contemporary <a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a> designs such as the <a href="/wiki/NexGen" title="NexGen">NexGen</a> <a href="/wiki/Nx586" class="mw-redirect" title="Nx586">Nx586</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cyrix" title="Cyrix">Cyrix</a> <a href="/wiki/6x86" class="mw-redirect" title="6x86">6x86</a>. The Pentium Pro pipeline had extra decode stages to dynamically translate <a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a> instructions into buffered <a href="/wiki/Micro-operation" title="Micro-operation">micro-operation</a> sequences which could then be analysed, reordered, and renamed in order to detect parallelizable operations that may be issued to more than one <a href="/wiki/Execution_unit" title="Execution unit">execution unit</a> at once. The Pentium Pro thus featured <a href="/wiki/Out-of-order_execution" title="Out-of-order execution">out-of-order execution</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Speculative_execution" title="Speculative execution">speculative execution</a> via <a href="/wiki/Register_renaming" title="Register renaming">register renaming</a>. It also had a wider 36-bit <a href="/wiki/Address_bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Address bus">address bus</a>, usable by <a href="/wiki/Physical_Address_Extension" title="Physical Address Extension">Physical Address Extension</a> (PAE), allowing it to access up to 64 GB of memory. </p><p>The Pentium Pro has an 8 KB <a href="/wiki/Instruction_cache" class="mw-redirect" title="Instruction cache">instruction cache</a>, from which up to 16 bytes are <a href="/wiki/Instruction_cycle#Summary_of_stages" title="Instruction cycle">fetched</a> on each cycle and sent to the <a href="/wiki/Instruction_decoder" class="mw-redirect" title="Instruction decoder">instruction decoders</a>. There are three instruction decoders. The decoders are unequal in ability: only one can decode any x86 instruction, while the other two can only decode simple x86 instructions. This restricts the Pentium Pro's ability to decode multiple instructions simultaneously, limiting superscalar execution. x86 instructions are decoded into 118-bit <a href="/wiki/Micro-operation" title="Micro-operation">micro-operations</a> (micro-ops). The micro-ops are <a href="/wiki/Reduced_instruction_set_computer" title="Reduced instruction set computer">reduced instruction set computer</a> (RISC)-like; that is, they encode an operation, two sources, and a destination. The general decoder can generate up to four micro-ops per cycle, whereas the simple decoders can generate one micro-op each per cycle. Thus, x86 instructions that operate on the memory (e.g., add this register to this location in the memory) can only be processed by the general decoder, as this operation requires a minimum of three micro-ops. Likewise, the simple decoders are limited to instructions that can be translated into one micro-op. Instructions that require more micro-ops than four are translated with the assistance of a sequencer, which generates the required micro-ops over multiple clock cycles. The Pentium Pro was the first processor in the x86 family to support upgradeable <a href="/wiki/Microcode" title="Microcode">microcode</a> under <a href="/wiki/BIOS" title="BIOS">BIOS</a> and/or <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> (OS) control.<sup id="cite_ref-Stiller_1996_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stiller_1996-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Micro-ops exit the <a href="/wiki/Re-order_buffer" title="Re-order buffer">re-order buffer</a> (ROB) and enter a reserve station (RS), where they await dispatch to the execution units. In each clock cycle, up to five micro-ops can be dispatched to five execution units. The Pentium Pro has a total of six execution units: two integer units, one <a href="/wiki/Floating-point_unit" title="Floating-point unit">floating-point unit</a> (FPU), a load unit, store address unit, and a store data unit.<sup id="cite_ref-iaopt_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iaopt-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the integer units shares the same ports as the FPU, and therefore the Pentium Pro can only dispatch one integer micro-op and one floating-point micro-op, or two integer micro-ops per a cycle, in addition to micro-ops for the other three execution units. Of the two integer units, only the one that shares the path with the FPU on port 0 has the full complement of functions such as a <a href="/wiki/Barrel_shifter" title="Barrel shifter">barrel shifter</a>, multiplier, divider, and support for LEA instructions. The second integer unit, which is connected to port 1, does not have these facilities and is limited to simple operations such as add, subtract, and the calculation of branch target addresses.<sup id="cite_ref-iaopt_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iaopt-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The FPU executes floating-point operations. Addition and multiplication are pipelined and have a latency of three and five cycles, respectively. Division and square-root are not pipelined and are executed in separate units that share the FPU's ports. Division and square root have a latency of 18-36 and 29-69 cycles, respectively. The smallest number is for single precision (32-bit) floating-point numbers and the largest for extended precision (80-bit) numbers. Division and square root can operate simultaneously with adds and multiplies, preventing them from executing only when the result has to be stored in the ROB. </p><p>After the microprocessor was released, a bug was discovered in the <a href="/wiki/Floating_point_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Floating point unit">floating point unit</a>, commonly called the "Pentium Pro and Pentium II FPU bug" and by Intel as the "flag erratum". The bug occurs under some circumstances during floating point-to-integer conversion when the floating point number will not fit into the smaller integer format, causing the FPU to deviate from its documented behaviour. The bug is considered to be minor and occurs under such special circumstances that very few, if any, software programs are affected. </p><p>The Pentium Pro <a href="/wiki/P6_(microarchitecture)" title="P6 (microarchitecture)">P6 microarchitecture</a> was used in one form or another by Intel for more than a decade. The pipeline would scale from its initial 150 MHz start, all the way up to 1.4 GHz with the "Tualatin" <a href="/wiki/Pentium_III" title="Pentium III">Pentium III</a>. The design's various traits would continue after that in the derivative core called "<a href="/wiki/Banias_(microprocessor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Banias (microprocessor)">Banias</a>" in <a href="/wiki/Pentium_M" title="Pentium M">Pentium M</a> and <a href="/wiki/Intel_Core" title="Intel Core">Intel Core</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yonah_(microprocessor)" title="Yonah (microprocessor)">Yonah</a>), which itself would evolve into the <a href="/wiki/Intel_Core_(microarchitecture)" title="Intel Core (microarchitecture)">Core microarchitecture</a> (<a href="/wiki/Core_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Core 2">Core 2</a> processor) in 2006 and onward.<sup id="cite_ref-Stokes_20060405_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stokes_20060405-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Instruction_set">Instruction set</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pentium_Pro&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Instruction set"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Pentium Pro (P6) introduced new instructions into the Intel range; the CMOVxx (‘conditional move’) instructions can move a value that is either the contents of a register or memory location into another register or not, according to some predicate logical condition xx on the flags register, xx being a flags predicate code as given in the condition for conditional jump instructions. So for example CMOVNE moves a specified value into a register or not depending on whether the NE (not-equal) condition is true in the flags register ie Z flag = 0. This allows the evaluation of if-then-else operations and for example the ? : operation in C. These instructions give a performance boost by allowing the avoidance of costly jump and branch instructions. In eg CMOVxx destreg1, source_operand2 the first operand is the destination register, the second the source register or memory location. The second operand unfortunately can not be an immediate (in-line constant) value and such a constant would have to be placed in a register first. The predicate code xx can take the full range of values as allowed in conditional branches. </p><p>A second development was the documentation of the UD2 illegal instruction. This op code is reserved and guaranteed to cause an illegal instruction exception on the P6 and all later processors. This allows developers to easily crash the current program in a future-proof fashion when a bug is detected by software. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Performance">Performance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pentium_Pro&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Performance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite being advanced for the time, the Pentium Pro's out-of-order register renaming architecture had trouble running <a href="/wiki/16-bit_computing" title="16-bit computing">16-bit</a> code and mixed code (<a href="/wiki/8-bit_computing" title="8-bit computing">8-bit</a> with 16-bit (8/16), or 16-bit with <a href="/wiki/32-bit_computing" title="32-bit computing">32-bit</a> (16/32), as using partial registers cause frequent pipeline flushing.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Specific use of partial registers was then a common performance optimization, as it incurred no performance penalty on pre-P6 Intel processors; also, the dominant operating systems at the time of the Pentium Pro's release were 16-bit <a href="/wiki/DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a>, and mixed 16/32-bit <a href="/wiki/Windows_3.1x" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows 3.1x">Windows 3.1x</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windows_95" title="Windows 95">Windows 95</a> (although the latter requires a 32-bit <a href="/wiki/I386" title="I386">80386</a> CPU as a minimum, much of its code is still 16-bit for performance reasons, such as the 16-bit <a href="/wiki/Windows_USER" title="Windows USER">Windows USER</a> <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_link_library" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynamic link library">dynamic link library</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windows_USER#Implementation" title="Windows USER">user.exe</a>). This, along with the high cost of Pentium Pro systems, led to tepid sales among PC buyers at the time. To fully use the Pentium Pro's <a href="/wiki/P6_(microarchitecture)" title="P6 (microarchitecture)">P6 microarchitecture</a>, a fully 32-bit operating system is needed, such as <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a>, or <a href="/wiki/OS/2" title="OS/2">OS/2</a>. The performance issues on legacy code were later partly mitigated by Intel with the Pentium II. </p><p>Compared to RISC microprocessors, the Pentium Pro, when introduced, slightly outperformed the fastest RISC microprocessors on integer performance when running the <a href="/wiki/SPECint" title="SPECint">SPECint95</a> benchmark,<sup id="cite_ref-MPR_1995-11-13_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPR_1995-11-13-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 2">: 2 </span></sup> but floating-point performance was significantly lower, half that of some RISC microprocessors.<sup id="cite_ref-MPR_1995-11-13_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPR_1995-11-13-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 3">: 3 </span></sup> The Pentium Pro's integer performance lead disappeared rapidly, first overtaken by the <a href="/wiki/MIPS_Technologies" title="MIPS Technologies">MIPS Technologies</a> <a href="/wiki/R10000" title="R10000">R10000</a> in January 1996, and then by <a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">Digital Equipment Corporation</a>'s EV56 variant of the <a href="/wiki/Alpha_21164" title="Alpha 21164">Alpha 21164</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MPR_1996-07-08_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPR_1996-07-08-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reviewers quickly noted the very slow writes to video memory as the weak spot of the P6 platform, with performance here being as low as 10% of an identically clocked Pentium system in benchmarks such as VIDSPEED. Methods to circumvent this included setting VESA drawing to system memory instead of video memory in games such as <i><a href="/wiki/Quake_(video_game)" title="Quake (video game)">Quake</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later on utilities such as FASTVID emerged, which could double performance in certain games by enabling the <a href="/wiki/Write_combining" title="Write combining">write combining</a> features of the CPU.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Memory_type_range_register" title="Memory type range register">Memory type range registers</a> (MTRRs) are set automatically by Windows video drivers starting from 1997, and from there the improved cache/memory subsystem and FPU performance caused it to outclass the Pentium clock-for-clock in the emerging 3D games of the mid–to–late 1990s, particularly when using <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT_4.0" title="Windows NT 4.0">Windows NT 4.0</a>. However, its lack of <a href="/wiki/MMX_(instruction_set)" title="MMX (instruction set)">MMX</a> implementation reduces performance in multimedia applications that made use of those instructions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Caching">Caching</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pentium_Pro&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Caching"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Likely Pentium Pro's most noticeable addition was its on-package <a href="/wiki/L2_cache" class="mw-redirect" title="L2 cache">L2 cache</a>, which ranged from 256 KB at introduction to 1 MB in 1997. At the time, manufacturing technology did not feasibly allow a large L2 cache to be integrated into the processor core. Intel instead placed the L2 die(s) separately in the package which still allowed it to run at the same clock speed as the CPU core. Additionally, unlike most motherboard-based cache schemes that shared the main system bus with the CPU, the Pentium Pro's cache had its own <a href="/wiki/Back-side_bus" title="Back-side bus">back-side bus</a> (called <i><a href="/wiki/Dual_independent_bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Dual independent bus">dual independent bus</a></i> by Intel). Because of this, the CPU could read main memory and cache concurrently, greatly reducing a traditional bottleneck.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cache was also "non-blocking", meaning that the processor could issue more than one cache request at a time (up to 4), reducing cache-miss penalties. (This is an example of MLP, <a href="/wiki/Memory_Level_Parallelism" class="mw-redirect" title="Memory Level Parallelism">Memory Level Parallelism</a>.) These properties combined to produce an L2 cache that was immensely faster than the motherboard-based caches of older processors. This cache alone gave the CPU an advantage in input/output performance over older <a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a> CPUs. In multiprocessor configurations, Pentium Pro's integrated cache skyrocketed performance in comparison to architectures which had each CPU sharing a central cache. </p><p>However, this far faster L2 cache did come with some complications. The Pentium Pro's "on-package cache" arrangement was unique. The processor and the cache were on separate dies in the same package and connected closely by a full-speed bus. The two or three dies had to be bonded together early in the production process, before testing was possible. This meant that a single, tiny flaw in either die made it necessary to discard the entire assembly, which was one of the reasons for the Pentium Pro's relatively low production yield and high cost. All versions of the chip were expensive, those with 1024 KB being particularly so, since it required two 512 KB cache dies as well as the processor die. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Available_models">Available models</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pentium_Pro&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Available models"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pentium Pro clock speeds were 150, 166, 180 or 200 MHz with a 60 or 66 MHz <a href="/wiki/Front-side_bus" title="Front-side bus">external bus</a> clock. A prototype 133 MHz Pentium Pro was developed in its earliest stages of development but was never released. Some users chose to <a href="/wiki/Overclock" class="mw-redirect" title="Overclock">overclock</a> their Pentium Pro chips, with the 200 MHz version often being run at 233 MHz, the 180 MHz version often being run at 200 MHz, and the 150 MHz version often being run at 166 MHz. The chip was popular in <a href="/wiki/Symmetric_multiprocessing" title="Symmetric multiprocessing">symmetric multiprocessing</a> configurations, with dual and quad SMP server and workstation setups being commonplace. </p><p>Intel skipped out on providing a <a href="/wiki/Mobile_processor" title="Mobile processor">mobile</a> version of the original Pentium Pro due to power draw and heat concerns.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At least one vendor sold a <a href="/wiki/Portable_computer" title="Portable computer">portable computer</a> with a Pentium Pro (Imperial Computer's 6200TLP).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Intel's "Family/Model/Stepping" scheme, the Pentium Pro is family 6, model 1, and its Intel Product code is 80521. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Clock </th> <th>Bus </th> <th>L2-Cache </th> <th>Max TDP </th></tr> <tr> <td>150 MHz</td> <td>60 MHz</td> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>256 KB</td> <td>29.2 W </td></tr> <tr> <td>166 MHz</td> <td>66 MHz</td> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>512 KB</td> <td>35.0 W </td></tr> <tr> <td>180 MHz</td> <td>60 MHz</td> <td rowspan="2"><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>256 KB</td> <td>31.7 W </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">200 MHz</td> <td rowspan="3">66 MHz</td> <td>35.0 W </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>512 KB</td> <td>37.9 W </td></tr> <tr> <td>1024 KB</td> <td>44.0 W </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fabrication">Fabrication</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pentium_Pro&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Fabrication"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The process used to fabricate the Pentium Pro processor die and its separate cache memory die changed, leading to a combination of processes used in the same package: </p> <ul><li>The 133 MHz Pentium Pro prototype processor die was fabricated in a 0.6 μm BiCMOS process.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FAB1_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAB1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The 150 MHz Pentium Pro processor die was fabricated in a 0.50 μm <a href="/wiki/BiCMOS" title="BiCMOS">BiCMOS</a> process.<sup id="cite_ref-FAB1_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAB1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MPR_1995-11-13_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPR_1995-11-13-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The 166, 180, and 200 MHz Pentium Pro processor die was fabricated in a 0.35 μm BiCMOS process.<sup id="cite_ref-FAB1_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAB1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MPR_1995-11-13_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPR_1995-11-13-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The 256 KB L2 cache die was fabricated in a 0.50 μm BiCMOS process.<sup id="cite_ref-FAB1_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAB1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MPR_1995-11-13_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPR_1995-11-13-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The 512 and 1024 KB L2 cache die was fabricated in a 0.35 μm BiCMOS process.<sup id="cite_ref-FAB1_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAB1-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MPR_1995-11-13_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MPR_1995-11-13-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Packaging">Packaging</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pentium_Pro&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Packaging"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Pentium Pro (up to 512 KB cache) is packaged in a ceramic multi-chip module (MCM). The MCM contains two underside cavities in which the microprocessor die and its companion cache die reside. The dies are bonded to a heat slug, whose exposed top helps the heat from the dies to be transferred more directly to cooling apparatus such as a heat sink. The dies are connected to the package using conventional wire bonding. The cavities are capped with a ceramic plate. </p><p>The Pentium Pro with 1 MB of cache uses a plastic MCM. Instead of two cavities, there is only one, in which the three dies reside, bonded to the package instead of a heat slug. The cavities are filled in with epoxy. </p><p>The MCM has 387 pins, of which approximately half are arranged in a pin grid array (PGA) and half in an interstitial pin grid array (IPGA). The packaging was designed for <a href="/wiki/Socket_8" title="Socket 8">Socket 8</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Upgrade_paths">Upgrade paths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pentium_Pro&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Upgrade paths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1998, the 300/333 MHz <a href="/wiki/Pentium_OverDrive#Socket_8" title="Pentium OverDrive">Pentium II OverDrive</a> processor for Socket 8 was released. Based on some of the technology used in the <i>Deschutes</i> <a href="/wiki/Pentium_II_Xeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentium II Xeon">Pentium II Xeon</a>, it featured double L1 and 512 KB of full-speed L2 cache with <a href="/wiki/MMX_(instruction_set)" title="MMX (instruction set)">MMX</a> capabilities, and was produced by Intel as a drop-in upgrade option for owners of Pentium Pro systems. However, it only supported two-way <a href="/wiki/Glueless" class="mw-redirect" title="Glueless">glueless</a> multiprocessing, not four-way or higher, which did not make it a usable upgrade for quad-processor systems. These specially packaged Pentium II OverDrive processors were also used to upgrade the <a href="/wiki/ASCI_Red" title="ASCI Red">ASCI Red</a> supercomputer in 1999. This makes the ASCI Red supercomputer, the first computer to reach the one teraFLOPS performance mark with dual Pentium Pro processors in 1996, to now become the first computer overall to exceed the two teraFLOPS performance mark with the upgrade to dual Pentium II OverDrive processors in 1999. ASCI Red continued to use dual Pentium II OverDrive processors for the remainder of its lifespan before being decommissioned in 2006. </p><p>As <a href="/wiki/Slot_1" title="Slot 1">Slot 1</a> motherboards became prevalent, several manufacturers released <a href="/wiki/Slotket" title="Slotket">slotket</a> (or slocket) adapters, such as the Tyan M2020, Asus C-P6S1, Tekram P6SL1, and the Abit KP6. These sockets allowed Pentium Pro processors to be used with Slot 1 motherboards. However, only a few number of chipsets supported these slotkets, and so did not see widespread use. The Intel <a href="/wiki/440FX" class="mw-redirect" title="440FX">440FX</a> chipset explicitly supported both Pentium Pro and Pentium II processors, however the <a href="/wiki/Intel_440BX" title="Intel 440BX">Intel 440BX</a> and later Slot 1 chipsets did not explicitly support the Pentium Pro. Slotkets eventually saw renewed popularity in the form of <a href="/wiki/Socket_370" title="Socket 370">Socket 370</a> to Slot 1 adapters, when Intel introduced Socket 370 <a href="/wiki/Celeron" title="Celeron">Celeron</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pentium_III" title="Pentium III">Pentium III</a> processors in the late 1990s. These form of slotkets allowed for lower costs for computer builders, especially with dual processor machines, and gave Slot 1 motherboards the ability to continue receiving CPU upgrades beyond the then-currently available Slot 1 CPUs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Core_specifications">Core specifications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pentium_Pro&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Core specifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pentium_Pro">Pentium Pro</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pentium_Pro&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Pentium Pro"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L1_cache" class="mw-redirect" title="L1 cache">L1 cache</a>: 8, 8 KB (data, instructions)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L2_cache" class="mw-redirect" title="L2 cache">L2 cache</a>: 256, 512 KB (one die) or 1024 KB (two 512 KB dies) in a <a href="/wiki/Multi-chip_module" title="Multi-chip module">multi-chip module</a> clocked at CPU-speed</li> <li>Socket: <a href="/wiki/Socket_8" title="Socket 8">Socket 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front-side_bus" title="Front-side bus">Front-side bus</a>: 60 and 66 MHz</li> <li>VCore: 3.1–3.3 V</li> <li>Fabrication: 0.50 μm or 0.35 <a href="/wiki/BiCMOS" title="BiCMOS">BiCMOS</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Clockrate: 150, 166, 180, 200 MHz, (capable of 233 MHz on some motherboards)</li> <li>First release: November 1995</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pentium_II_Overdrive">Pentium II Overdrive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pentium_Pro&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Pentium II Overdrive"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KL_Intel_PPro_Overdrive_P6T_Top.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/KL_Intel_PPro_Overdrive_P6T_Top.jpg/170px-KL_Intel_PPro_Overdrive_P6T_Top.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/KL_Intel_PPro_Overdrive_P6T_Top.jpg/255px-KL_Intel_PPro_Overdrive_P6T_Top.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/KL_Intel_PPro_Overdrive_P6T_Top.jpg/340px-KL_Intel_PPro_Overdrive_P6T_Top.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2240" data-file-height="1792" /></a><figcaption>Pentium II Overdrive with heatsink removed. Flip-chip Deschutes core is on the left. 512 KB cache is on the right.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>L1 cache: 16, 16 KB (data + instructions)</li> <li>L2 cache: 512 KB external chip on CPU module clocked at CPU-speed</li> <li>Socket: Socket 8</li> <li>Multiplier: Locked at 5×</li> <li>Front-side bus: 60 and 66 MHz</li> <li>VCore: 3.1–3.3 V (has on-board voltage regulator)</li> <li>Fabrication: 0.25 μm</li> <li>Clockrate: Based on the <a href="/wiki/Pentium_II#Deschutes_(80523)" title="Pentium II">Deschutes</a>-generation Pentium II</li> <li>First release: 1997</li> <li>Supports <a href="/wiki/MMX_(instruction_set)" title="MMX (instruction set)">MMX</a> technology</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bus_and_multiprocessor_capabilities">Bus and multiprocessor capabilities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pentium_Pro&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Bus and multiprocessor capabilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Pentium Pro used <a href="/wiki/GTL%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="GTL+">GTL+</a> signaling in its front-side bus.<sup id="cite_ref-Shanley1998_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shanley1998-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pentium Pro could be used by itself on up to four-way designs. Eight-way Pentium Pro computers were also built, but these used multiple buses.<sup id="cite_ref-Guruge2000_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guruge2000-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The design of the Pentium Pro bus was influenced by <a href="/wiki/Futurebus" title="Futurebus">Futurebus</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Intel_iAPX_432" title="Intel iAPX 432">Intel iAPX 432</a> bus, and elements of the <a href="/wiki/Intel_i960" title="Intel i960">Intel i960</a> bus.<sup id="cite_ref-Hard1997_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hard1997-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Futurebus had been intended as an advanced bus to replace <a href="/wiki/VMEbus" title="VMEbus">VMEbus</a> used with the <a href="/wiki/Motorola_68000" title="Motorola 68000">Motorola 68000</a> from the late 1970s, but it stagnated in standardization committee for more than a decade if you count all the twists and turns.<sup id="cite_ref-Hard1997_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hard1997-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Intel's iAPX 432 initiative was also a commercial failure, but in the process they did learn how to build a split-transaction bus to support a cacheless multiprocessor system. The i960 had further developed the split-transaction iAPX 432 bus to include a cache coherency protocol, ending up with a feature set highly reminiscent of the original Futurebus ambitions.<sup id="cite_ref-Hard1997_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hard1997-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The lead architect of i960 was superscalarity specialist Fred Pollack who was also the lead engineer of the Intel iAPX 432 and the lead architect of the i686 chip, the Pentium Pro. He was no doubt intimately familiar with all this history. The Pentium Pro was designed to include the 4-way SMP split-transaction cache-coherent bus as a mandatory feature of every chip produced.<sup id="cite_ref-Hard1997_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hard1997-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This also served to deny competition access to the socket to produce cloned processors.<sup id="cite_ref-Hard1997_23-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hard1997-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the Pentium Pro was not successful as a machine for the masses due to poor 16-bit support for Windows 95 and many other 16-bit and mixed 16/32-bit operating systems, it did see significant successes in the file server space due to its advanced, integrated bus design,<sup id="cite_ref-Hard1997_23-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hard1997-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> introducing many advanced features that had formerly only been available in the pricey workstation segment into the commodity marketplace. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pentium_Pro/6th_generation_competitors"><span id="Pentium_Pro.2F6th_generation_competitors"></span>Pentium Pro/6th generation competitors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pentium_Pro&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Pentium Pro/6th generation competitors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMD_K5" title="AMD K5">AMD K5</a> and <a href="/wiki/AMD_K6" title="AMD K6">K6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrix_6x86" title="Cyrix 6x86">Cyrix 6x86</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cyrix_6x86" title="Cyrix 6x86">MII</a></li> <li>IDT <a href="/wiki/WinChip" title="WinChip">WinChip</a></li> <li>Intel <a href="/wiki/P5_(microarchitecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="P5 (microarchitecture)">P5</a> <a href="/wiki/Pentium" title="Pentium">Pentium</a>, co-existed with Pentium Pro for several years</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pentium_Pro&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_II_microprocessors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Intel Pentium II microprocessors">List of Intel Pentium II microprocessors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_Pro_microprocessors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Intel Pentium Pro microprocessors">List of Intel Pentium Pro microprocessors</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pentium_Pro&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Fisher_19951102-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fisher_19951102_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFisher1995" class="citation news cs1">Fisher, Lawrence M. (2 November 1995). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1995/11/02/business/intel-offers-its-pentium-pro-for-work-station-market.html">"Intel Offers Its Pentium Pro For Work Station Market"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> (New York ed.). p. D-2. <a href="/wiki/EISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="EISSN (identifier)">eISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1553-8095">1553-8095</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090804001226/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/11/02/business/intel-offers-its-pentium-pro-for-work-station-market.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2022</span>. <q>The Intel Corporation today introduced its new microprocessor, the Pentium Pro. But although the chip's performance is higher than expected, and its price lower, analysts said its immediate impact was not likely to match that of its predecessor, the Pentium.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Intel+Offers+Its+Pentium+Pro+For+Work+Station+Market&rft.pages=D-2&rft.date=1995-11-02&rft.eissn=1553-8095&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1995%2F11%2F02%2Fbusiness%2Fintel-offers-its-pentium-pro-for-work-station-market.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APentium+Pro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ASCI_Red-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ASCI_Red_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.top500.org/resources/top-systems/asci-red-sandia-national-laboratory/">"ASCI Red: Sandia National Laboratory"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/TOP500" title="TOP500">TOP500</a></i>. n.d. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107213536/https://www.top500.org/resources/top-systems/asci-red-sandia-national-laboratory/">Archived</a> from the original on January 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2023</span>. <q>Intel's ASCI Red supercomputer was the first teraflop/s computer, taking the No.1 spot on the 9th TOP500 list in June 1997 with a Linpack performance of 1.068 teraflop/s. [...] It was a mesh-based (38 X 32 X 2) MIMD massively parallel machine initially consisting of 7,264 compute nodes, 1,212 gigabytes of total distributed memory and 12.5 terabytes of disk storage. The original incarnation of this machine used Intel Pentium Pro processors, each clocked at 200 MHz. These were later upgraded to Pentium II OverDrive processors. The system was upgraded to a total of 9,632 Pentium II Over-Drive processors, each clocked at 333 MHz.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TOP500&rft.atitle=ASCI+Red%3A+Sandia+National+Laboratory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top500.org%2Fresources%2Ftop-systems%2Fasci-red-sandia-national-laboratory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APentium+Pro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brey_2003-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brey_2003_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrey2003" class="citation book cs1">Brey, Barry B. (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/intelmicroproces0000brey_x6t8/page/1">"Introduction to the Microprocessor and Computer"</a></span>. <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/intelmicroproces0000brey_x6t8/page/1"><i>The Intel Microprocessors 8086/8088, 80186, 80286, 80386, 80486: Architecture, Programming, and Interfacing</i></a></span> (Sixth (International) ed.). <a href="/wiki/Pearson_Education" title="Pearson Education">Pearson Education</a>. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0130487209" title="Special:BookSources/978-0130487209"><bdi>978-0130487209</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/93021801">93021801</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/224097450">224097450</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL1412841M">1412841M</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+the+Microprocessor+and+Computer&rft.btitle=The+Intel+Microprocessors+8086%2F8088%2C+80186%2C+80286%2C+80386%2C+80486%3A+Architecture%2C+Programming%2C+and+Interfacing&rft.pages=12&rft.edition=Sixth+%28International%29&rft.pub=Pearson+Education&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F224097450&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F93021801&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL1412841M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=978-0130487209&rft.aulast=Brey&rft.aufirst=Barry+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintelmicroproces0000brey_x6t8%2Fpage%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APentium+Pro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dvorak-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dvorak_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDvorak2006" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Dvorak" title="John C. Dvorak">Dvorak, John C.</a> (25 November 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dvorak.org/blog/whatever-happened-to-the-intel-iapx432/">"Whatever Happened to The iAPX432 – Intel's Dream Chip?"</a>. <i>Dvorak Uncensored</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081213193013/http://www.dvorak.org/blog/whatever-happened-to-the-intel-iapx432/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2022</span>. <q>There were a lot of pieces involved in this chip but today's Pentium Pro consists of two chips and other needed support chips too. Curiously the lead engineer for the 432 was superstar designer Fred Pollack who became the lead architect for the Pentium Pro.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dvorak+Uncensored&rft.atitle=Whatever+Happened+to+The+iAPX432+%E2%80%93+Intel%27s+Dream+Chip%3F&rft.date=2006-11-25&rft.aulast=Dvorak&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dvorak.org%2Fblog%2Fwhatever-happened-to-the-intel-iapx432%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APentium+Pro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stiller_1996-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stiller_1996_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStillerPaul1996" class="citation magazine cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Stiller, Andreas; Paul, Matthias R. (12 May 1996). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heise.de/blog/Prozessorgefluester-284546.html">"Trends & News | Prozessorgeflüster"</a></span> [Trends & News | Processor whisper]. <i><a href="/wiki/C%27t" title="C't">c't | magazin für computertechnik</a></i> (in German). <a href="/wiki/Heinz_Heise" class="mw-redirect" title="Heinz Heise">Heinz Heise</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0724-8679">0724-8679</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/314471122">314471122</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221228162604/https://www.heise.de/blog/Prozessorgefluester-284546.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2022</span>. <q>Offenbar hat der PPro einen ladbaren Microcode, für den das Board-BIOS zwei Funktionen im Interrupt 15h zum Auslesen und Laden bereithält (näheres im nächsten Update der Interrupt-Liste). Gedacht ist das für Patches, doch wer weiß, welch ungeahnte Möglichkeiten noch darinstecken. Somit hat man es beim PPro in Zukunft nicht nur mit zwei Masken-Versionen (für CPU und Cache), sondern auch noch mit der Update-Version des Microcode-BIOS zu tun (zum Beispiel beim aktuellen 200-MHz-'P6S' mit der Kennung SY013: CPU-Step A0, Cache-Step B1, BIOS: sA0C05).</q> [Apparently the PPro has a loadable microcode, for which the board BIOS provides two functions in interrupt 15h for reading and loading (more information in the next update of the interrupt list). This is intended for patches, but who knows what undreamt-of possibilities are still there. In the future, therefore, the PPro will not only have to deal with two mask versions (for CPU and cache), but also with the update version of the microcode BIOS (e.g. with the current 200 MHz 'P6S' with the Identifier SY013: CPU step A0, cache step B1, BIOS: sA0C05).]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=c%27t+%7C+magazin+f%C3%BCr+computertechnik&rft.atitle=Trends+%26+News+%7C+Prozessorgefl%C3%BCster&rft.date=1996-05-12&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F314471122&rft.issn=0724-8679&rft.aulast=Stiller&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft.au=Paul%2C+Matthias+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heise.de%2Fblog%2FProzessorgefluester-284546.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APentium+Pro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iaopt-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-iaopt_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-iaopt_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070121103522/ftp://download.intel.com/design/PentiumII/manuals/24281603.PDF">"Intel Architecture Optimization Manual"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 1997. p. 2-8. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://download.intel.com/design/PentiumII/manuals/24281603.PDF">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on January 21, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Intel+Architecture+Optimization+Manual&rft.pages=2%26%2345%3B8&rft.date=1997&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fdownload.intel.com%2Fdesign%2FPentiumII%2Fmanuals%2F24281603.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APentium+Pro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stokes_20060405-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stokes_20060405_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStokes2006" class="citation news cs1">Stokes, Jon (5 April 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2006/04/core/">"Into the Core: Intel's next-generation microarchitecture"</a>. Tech. <i><a href="/wiki/Ars_Technica" title="Ars Technica">Ars Technica</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52157687">52157687</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221218114751/https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2006/04/core/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2022</span>. <q>The P6 lineage from the Pentium Pro to the Pentium M [...] One of the most distinctive features of the P6 line is its issue port structure. (Intel calls these "dispatch ports," but for the sake of consistency with the rest of my work I'll be using the terms "dispatch" and "issue" differently than Intel.) Core uses a similar structure in its execution core, although there are some major differences between Core's issue port and RS combination and that of the P6.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=Into+the+Core%3A+Intel%27s+next-generation+microarchitecture&rft.date=2006-04-05&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F52157687&rft.aulast=Stokes&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fgadgets%2F2006%2F04%2Fcore%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APentium+Pro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170830055933/http://qcd.phys.cmu.edu/QCDcluster/intel/vtune/reference/LipsPro_Partial_Stall.htm">"Partial Register Stall Warning"</a>. <i>VTune Performance Analyzer online help</i>. 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MicroDesign Resources. Vol. 9, no. 15. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211202223030/https://www.ardent-tool.com/CPU/docs/MPR/091501.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2022</span> – via Ardent Tool of Capitalism (ardent-tool.com). <q>Integer Leads, FP Lags RISC Chips</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microprocessor+Report&rft.atitle=Intel+Boosts+Pentium+Pro+to+200+MHz&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=15&rft.date=1995-11-13&rft.aulast=Slater&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ardent-tool.com%2FCPU%2Fdocs%2FMPR%2F091501.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APentium+Pro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MPR_1996-07-08-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MPR_1996-07-08_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGwennap1996" class="citation magazine cs1">Gwennap, Linley (July 8, 1996). "Digital's 21164 Reaches 500 MHz". <i><a href="/wiki/Microprocessor_Report" title="Microprocessor Report">Microprocessor Report</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microprocessor+Report&rft.atitle=Digital%27s+21164+Reaches+500+MHz&rft.date=1996-07-08&rft.aulast=Gwennap&rft.aufirst=Linley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APentium+Pro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/id-Software/Quake/blob/master/WinQuake/data/TECHINFO.TXT">"Quake/TECHINFO.TXT at master · id-Software/Quake"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></i>. November 25, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170610101303/https://github.com/id-Software/Quake/blob/master/WinQuake/data/TECHINFO.TXT">Archived</a> from the original on June 10, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=Quake%2FTECHINFO.TXT+at+master+%C2%B7+id-Software%2FQuake&rft.date=2022-11-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fid-Software%2FQuake%2Fblob%2Fmaster%2FWinQuake%2Fdata%2FTECHINFO.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APentium+Pro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamers.org/dEngine/quake/info/techinfo.09">"Quake Technical Information file"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Quake+Technical+Information+file&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamers.org%2FdEngine%2Fquake%2Finfo%2Ftechinfo.09&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APentium+Pro" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2023">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mdgx.com/umb.htm#FAS">"MDGx Complete UMBPCI.SYS Guide"</a>. <i>MDGx MAX Speed WinDOwS Tricks + Secrets</i>. Fast Video. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230107204339/https://www.mdgx.com/umb.htm#FAS">Archived</a> from the original on January 7, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MDGx+MAX+Speed+WinDOwS+Tricks+%2B+Secrets&rft.atitle=MDGx+Complete+UMBPCI.SYS+Guide&rft.pages=Fast+Video&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdgx.com%2Fumb.htm%23FAS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APentium+Pro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Accelerated Graphics Port". <i><a href="/wiki/Next_Generation_(magazine)" title="Next Generation (magazine)">Next Generation</a></i>. No. 37. <a href="/wiki/Imagine_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Imagine Media">Imagine Media</a>. January 1998. pp. 94–96.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Next+Generation&rft.atitle=Accelerated+Graphics+Port&rft.issue=37&rft.pages=94-96&rft.date=1998-01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APentium+Pro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFApril1996" class="citation journal cs1">April, Carolyn A. (December 16, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FjoEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA14">"Intel postpones Pentium Pro notebook drive"</a>. <i>InfoWorld</i>. <b>18</b> (51). IDG Publications: 14. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230602182102/https://books.google.com/books?id=FjoEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA14">Archived</a> from the original on June 2, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2023</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=Intel+postpones+Pentium+Pro+notebook+drive&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=51&rft.pages=14&rft.date=1996-12-16&rft.aulast=April&rft.aufirst=Carolyn+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFjoEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APentium+Pro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Brien1996" class="citation journal cs1">O'Brien, Bill (November 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A18794682/GPS?sid=wikipedia">"Pentium Pro built to go"</a>. <i>Computer Shopper</i>. <b>16</b> (11). SX2 Media Labs: 420 – via Gale.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computer+Shopper&rft.atitle=Pentium+Pro+built+to+go&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=420&rft.date=1996-11&rft.aulast=O%27Brien&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.gale.com%2Fapps%2Fdoc%2FA18794682%2FGPS%3Fsid%3Dwikipedia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APentium+Pro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Papworth, David B. (April 1996). "Tuning the Pentium Pro Microarchitecture". <i><a href="/wiki/IEEE_Micro" title="IEEE Micro">IEEE Micro</a></i>, pp. 14–15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAB1-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FAB1_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FAB1_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FAB1_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FAB1_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FAB1_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131207042845/http://www.intel.com/support/processors/pentiumpro/sb/cs-011161.htm">"Intel Pentium Pro Processors - Fact Sheet"</a>. Intel. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intel.com/support/processors/pentiumpro/sb/cs-011161.htm">the original</a> on December 7, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Intel+Pentium+Pro+Processors+-+Fact+Sheet&rft.pub=Intel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.intel.com%2Fsupport%2Fprocessors%2Fpentiumpro%2Fsb%2Fcs-011161.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APentium+Pro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sandpile.org/impl/p6.htm">sandpile.org</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/19990901230543/http://www.sandpile.org/impl/p6.htm">Archived</a> September 1, 1999, at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a> - IA-32 implementation - Intel P6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchnurer" class="citation web cs1">Schnurer, Georg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060219205645/http://www.heise.de/ct/english/98/18/020/">"Next Exit: Mendocino"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heise.de/ct/english/98/18/020/">the original</a> on February 19, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Next+Exit%3A+Mendocino&rft.aulast=Schnurer&rft.aufirst=Georg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heise.de%2Fct%2Fenglish%2F98%2F18%2F020%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APentium+Pro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shanley1998-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shanley1998_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShanley1998" class="citation book cs1">Shanley, Tom (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MLJClvCYh34C&pg=PA199"><i>Pentium Pro and Pentium II System Architecture</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Addison-Wesley_Professional" class="mw-redirect" title="Addison-Wesley Professional">Addison-Wesley Professional</a>. p. 199. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-201-30973-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-201-30973-7"><bdi>978-0-201-30973-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pentium+Pro+and+Pentium+II+System+Architecture&rft.pages=199&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley+Professional&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-201-30973-7&rft.aulast=Shanley&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMLJClvCYh34C%26pg%3DPA199&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APentium+Pro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guruge2000-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Guruge2000_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuruge2000" class="citation book cs1">Guruge, Anura (May 17, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OoVaRlU8Um0C&pg=PA405"><i>Web-to-Host Connectivity</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/CRC_Press" title="CRC Press">CRC Press</a>. p. 405. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-99747-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-99747-5"><bdi>978-0-203-99747-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Web-to-Host+Connectivity&rft.pages=405&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2000-05-17&rft.isbn=978-0-203-99747-5&rft.aulast=Guruge&rft.aufirst=Anura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOoVaRlU8Um0C%26pg%3DPA405&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APentium+Pro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hard1997-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hard1997_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hard1997_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hard1997_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hard1997_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hard1997_23-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hard1997_23-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHardenberg1997" class="citation web cs1">Hardenberg, Hal W. (June 1, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drdobbs.com/back-to-the-futurebus/184410391">"Back to the Futurebus"</a>. <i>drdobbs.com</i>. <a href="/wiki/Dr._Dobb%27s_Journal" title="Dr. Dobb's Journal">Dr. Dobb's Journal</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210128155545/https://www.drdobbs.com/back-to-the-futurebus/184410391">Archived</a> from the original on January 28, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 19,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=drdobbs.com&rft.atitle=Back+to+the+Futurebus&rft.date=1997-06-01&rft.aulast=Hardenberg&rft.aufirst=Hal+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.drdobbs.com%2Fback-to-the-futurebus%2F184410391&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APentium+Pro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pentium_Pro&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://searchstorage.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid5_gci213804,00.html">Backside Bus</a>, searchstorage.techtarget.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" 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href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_Pro_processors" title="List of Intel Pentium Pro processors">Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_II_processors" title="List of Intel Pentium II processors">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_III_processors" title="List of Intel Pentium III processors">III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_4_processors" title="List of Intel Pentium 4 processors">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_D_processors" title="List of Intel Pentium D processors">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Pentium_M_processors" title="List of Intel Pentium M processors">M</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Core_processors" title="List of Intel Core processors">Core</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Core_2_processors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Intel Core 2 processors">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Core_i3_processors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Intel Core i3 processors">i3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Core_i5_processors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Intel Core i5 processors">i5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Core_i7_processors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Intel Core i7 processors">i7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Core_i9_processors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Intel Core i9 processors">i9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Core_M_processors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Intel Core M processors">M</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Xeon_processors" title="List of Intel Xeon processors">Xeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Quark#List_of_Intel_Quark_processors" title="Intel Quark">Quark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Itanium_processors" title="List of Intel Itanium processors">Itanium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_CPU_microarchitectures" title="List of Intel CPU microarchitectures">Microarchitectures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_chipsets" title="List of Intel chipsets">Chipsets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_CPU_microarchitectures" title="List of Intel CPU microarchitectures">Microarchitectures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a> (<a href="/wiki/32-bit_computing" title="32-bit computing">32-bit</a> x86)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P5_(microarchitecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="P5 (microarchitecture)">P5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P6_(microarchitecture)" title="P6 (microarchitecture)">P6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_M" title="Pentium M">P6 variant (Pentium M)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yonah_(microprocessor)" title="Yonah (microprocessor)">P6 variant (Enhanced Pentium M)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetBurst" title="NetBurst">NetBurst</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> (<a href="/wiki/64-bit_computing" title="64-bit computing">64-bit</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core_(microarchitecture)" title="Intel Core (microarchitecture)">Core</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penryn_(microarchitecture)" title="Penryn (microarchitecture)">Penryn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehalem_(microarchitecture)" title="Nehalem (microarchitecture)">Nehalem</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Westmere_(microarchitecture)" title="Westmere (microarchitecture)">Westmere</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Bridge" title="Sandy Bridge">Sandy Bridge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivy_Bridge_(microarchitecture)" title="Ivy Bridge (microarchitecture)">Ivy Bridge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haswell_(microarchitecture)" title="Haswell (microarchitecture)">Haswell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadwell_(microarchitecture)" title="Broadwell (microarchitecture)">Broadwell</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylake_(microarchitecture)" title="Skylake (microarchitecture)">Skylake</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannon_Lake_(microprocessor)" title="Cannon Lake (microprocessor)">Cannon Lake</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunny_Cove_(microarchitecture)" title="Sunny Cove (microarchitecture)">Sunny Cove</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cypress_Cove_(microarchitecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cypress Cove (microarchitecture)">Cypress Cove</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow_Cove" title="Willow Cove">Willow Cove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Cove" title="Golden Cove">Golden Cove</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a> <a href="/wiki/Ultra-low-voltage_processor" title="Ultra-low-voltage processor">ULV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonnell_(microarchitecture)" title="Bonnell (microarchitecture)">Bonnell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saltwell_(microarchitecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saltwell (microarchitecture)">Saltwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvermont" title="Silvermont">Silvermont</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldmont" title="Goldmont">Goldmont</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goldmont_Plus" title="Goldmont Plus">Goldmont Plus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tremont_(microarchitecture)" title="Tremont (microarchitecture)">Tremont</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gracemont_(microarchitecture)" title="Gracemont (microarchitecture)">Gracemont</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="x86-64_(64-bit)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> (<a href="/wiki/64-bit_computing" title="64-bit computing">64-bit</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Atom" title="Intel Atom">Atom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celeron" title="Celeron">Celeron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium" title="Pentium">Pentium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core" title="Intel Core">Core</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#10th_generation" title="Intel Core">10th gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#11th_generation" title="Intel Core">11th gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#12th_generation" title="Intel Core">12th gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#13th_generation" title="Intel Core">13th gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#14th_generation" title="Intel Core">14th gen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xeon" title="Xeon">Xeon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Binary-coded_decimal" title="Binary-coded decimal">BCD</a> oriented (<a href="/wiki/4-bit_computing" title="4-bit computing">4-bit</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intel_4004" title="Intel 4004">4004</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_4040" title="Intel 4040">4040</a> (1974)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">pre-x86 (<a href="/wiki/8-bit_computing" title="8-bit computing">8-bit</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intel_8008" title="Intel 8008">8008</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_8080" title="Intel 8080">8080</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_8085" title="Intel 8085">8085</a> (1977)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early <a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a> (<a href="/wiki/16-bit_computing" title="16-bit computing">16-bit</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intel_8086" title="Intel 8086">8086</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_8088" title="Intel 8088">8088</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_80186" title="Intel 80186">80186</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_80188" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel 80188">80188</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_80286" title="Intel 80286">80286</a> (1982)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/X87" title="X87">x87</a> (external <a href="/wiki/Floating-point_unit" title="Floating-point unit">FPUs</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>8/16-bit databus</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Intel_8087" title="Intel 8087">8087</a> (1980)</dd> <dt>16-bit databus</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Intel_80C187" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel 80C187">80C187</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Intel_80287" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel 80287">80287</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Intel_80387SX" title="Intel 80387SX">80387SX</a></dd> <dt>32-bit databus</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Intel_80387" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel 80387">80387DX</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Intel_80487" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel 80487">80487</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a> (<a href="/wiki/32-bit_computing" title="32-bit computing">32-bit</a> x86)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I386" title="I386">i386</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intel_80386SX" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel 80386SX">SX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_80376" title="Intel 80376">376</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_80386EX" title="Intel 80386EX">EX</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I486" title="I486">i486</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I486SX" title="I486SX">SX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_DX2" title="Intel DX2">DX2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_DX4" title="Intel DX4">DX4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I486SL" title="I486SL">SL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RapidCAD" title="RapidCAD">RapidCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I486_OverDrive" title="I486 OverDrive">OverDrive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stealey" title="Stealey">A100/A110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Atom" title="Intel Atom">Atom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Atom_processors#CE_SoCs" title="List of Intel Atom processors">CE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atom_(system_on_a_chip)" title="Atom (system on a chip)">SoC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celeron" title="Celeron">Celeron</a> (1998) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celeron#P6-based_Mobile_Celerons" title="Celeron">M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celeron#Prescott-256" title="Celeron">D</a> (2004)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium" title="Pentium">Pentium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_(original)" title="Pentium (original)">Original i586</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_OverDrive" title="Pentium OverDrive">OverDrive</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_II" title="Pentium II">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_III" title="Pentium III">III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_4" title="Pentium 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_M" title="Pentium M">M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_Dual-Core" title="Pentium Dual-Core">Dual-Core</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core" title="Intel Core">Core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xeon" title="Xeon">Xeon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_P6-based_Xeon_microprocessors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Intel P6-based Xeon microprocessors">P6-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_NetBurst-based_Xeon_microprocessors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Intel NetBurst-based Xeon microprocessors">NetBurst-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Core-based_Xeon_microprocessors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Intel Core-based Xeon microprocessors">Core-based</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Quark" title="Intel Quark">Quark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolapai" title="Tolapai">Tolapai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> (<a href="/wiki/64-bit_computing" title="64-bit computing">64-bit</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Atom" title="Intel Atom">Atom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atom_(system_on_chip)" class="mw-redirect" title="Atom (system on chip)">SoC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Atom_processors#CE_SoCs" title="List of Intel Atom processors">CE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celeron" title="Celeron">Celeron</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celeron#Prescott-256" title="Celeron">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celeron#Celeron_Dual-Core" title="Celeron">Dual-Core</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium" title="Pentium">Pentium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_4#Prescott_2M_(Extreme_Edition)" title="Pentium 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_D" title="Pentium D">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_D#Smithfield_XE" title="Pentium D">Extreme Edition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentium_Dual-Core" title="Pentium Dual-Core">Dual-Core</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core" title="Intel Core">Core</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core_2" title="Intel Core 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#1st_generation" title="Intel Core">1st gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#2nd_generation" title="Intel Core">2nd gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#3rd_generation" title="Intel Core">3rd gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#4th_generation" title="Intel Core">4th gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#5th_generation" title="Intel Core">5th gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#6th_generation" title="Intel Core">6th gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#7th_generation" title="Intel Core">7th gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#8th_generation" title="Intel Core">8th gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#9th_generation" title="Intel Core">9th gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#10th_generation" title="Intel Core">10th gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Core#11th_generation" title="Intel Core">11th gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Core_M_processors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Intel Core M processors">M</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xeon" title="Xeon">Xeon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Xeon_processors_(Nehalem-based)" title="List of Intel Xeon processors (Nehalem-based)">Nehalem-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Xeon_processors_(Sandy_Bridge-based)" title="List of Intel Xeon processors (Sandy Bridge-based)">Sandy Bridge-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Xeon_processors_(Ivy_Bridge-based)" title="List of Intel Xeon processors (Ivy Bridge-based)">Ivy Bridge-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Xeon_processors_(Haswell-based)" title="List of Intel Xeon processors (Haswell-based)">Haswell-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Xeon_processors_(Broadwell-based)" title="List of Intel Xeon processors (Broadwell-based)">Broadwell-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_Xeon_processors_(Skylake-based)" title="List of Intel Xeon processors (Skylake-based)">Skylake-based</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Complex_instruction_set_computer" title="Complex instruction set computer">CISC</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Intel_iAPX_432" title="Intel iAPX 432">iAPX 432</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Explicitly_parallel_instruction_computing" title="Explicitly parallel instruction computing">EPIC</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Itanium" title="Itanium">Itanium</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Reduced_instruction_set_computer" title="Reduced instruction set computer">RISC</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Intel_i860" title="Intel i860">i860</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Intel_i960" title="Intel i960">i960</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/StrongARM" title="StrongARM">StrongARM</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/XScale" title="XScale">XScale</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tick%E2%80%93tock_model" title="Tick–tock model">Tick–tock model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process%E2%80%93architecture%E2%80%93optimization_model" title="Process–architecture–optimization model">Process–architecture–optimization model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_graphics_processing_units" title="List of Intel graphics processing units">Intel GPUs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intel_GMA" title="Intel GMA">GMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Graphics_Technology" title="Intel Graphics Technology">Intel HD, UHD, and Iris Graphics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Xe" title="Intel Xe">Xe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Arc" title="Intel Arc">Arc</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_Controller_Hub" title="Platform Controller Hub">PCHs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_Controller_Hub" title="System Controller Hub">SCHs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I/O_Controller_Hub" title="I/O Controller Hub">ICHs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCI_IDE_ISA_Xcelerator" class="mw-redirect" title="PCI IDE ISA Xcelerator">PIIXs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratix" title="Stratix">Stratix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Intel_codenames" title="List of Intel codenames">Codenames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larrabee_(microarchitecture)" title="Larrabee (microarchitecture)">Larrabee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pentium_Pro&oldid=1255167185">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pentium_Pro&oldid=1255167185</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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