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verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" title="Naar de hoofdpagina gaan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hoofdpagina</span></a></li><li id="n-zoekartikel" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Navigatie"><span>Vind een artikel</span></a></li><li id="n-today" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/3_december"><span>Vandaag</span></a></li><li id="n-Etalage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etalage"><span>Etalage</span></a></li><li id="n-categories" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles"><span>Categorieën</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" 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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Zeebodem" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Zeebodem" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Zeebodem" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Zeebodemonderzoek" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zeebodemonderzoek"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Zeebodemonderzoek</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Zeebodemonderzoek-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Zeebodemonderzoek-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Zeebodemonderzoek-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zeebodemdiepte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zeebodemdiepte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Zeebodemdiepte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zeebodemdiepte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biotopen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biotopen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Biotopen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biotopen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Zeebodem</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 52 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1" title="قاع البحر – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قاع البحر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okean_yata%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Okean yatağı – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Okean yatağı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Акіянічнае дно – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Акіянічнае дно" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Океанско дъно – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Океанско дъно" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llit_mar%C3%AD" title="Llit marí – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llit marí" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havbund" title="Havbund – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Havbund" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozeanboden" title="Ozeanboden – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ozeanboden" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CF%85%CE%B8%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Βυθός – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βυθός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seabed" title="Seabed – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Seabed" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marfundo" title="Marfundo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Marfundo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relieve_oce%C3%A1nico" title="Relieve oceánico – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Relieve oceánico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ookeanip%C3%B5hi" title="Ookeanipõhi – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ookeanipõhi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itsas_hondo" title="Itsas hondo – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Itsas hondo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="بستر دریا – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بستر دریا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merenpohja" title="Merenpohja – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Merenpohja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fond_marin" title="Fond marin – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fond marin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grinneall_na_farraige" title="Grinneall na farraige – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Grinneall na farraige" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leito_oce%C3%A1nico" title="Leito oceánico – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Leito oceánico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9D" title="קרקעית הים – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרקעית הים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B9" title="सागरतह – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सागरतह" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dasar_laut" title="Dasar laut – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dasar laut" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%85" title="Форда бух – Ingoesjetisch" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Форда бух" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingoesjetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafsbotn" title="Hafsbotn – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hafsbotn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fondale_marino" title="Fondale marino – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fondale marino" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%BA%95" title="海底 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="海底" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ოკეანის საგები – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოკეანის საგები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D2%B1%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%82_%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%B1%D1%96" title="Мұхит түбі – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мұхит түбі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EC%A0%80" title="해저 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="해저" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zie%C3%ABbaom" title="Zieëbaom – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Zieëbaom" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vandenyno_guolis" title="Vandenyno guolis – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vandenyno guolis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oke%C4%81na_dibens" title="Okeāna dibens – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Okeāna dibens" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Океанско дно – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Океанско дно" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="കടൽ അടിത്തട്ട് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കടൽ അടിത്തട്ട്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havbotn" title="Havbotn – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Havbotn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havbunn" title="Havbunn – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Havbunn" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dno_oceaniczne" title="Dno oceaniczne – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dno oceaniczne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relevo_oce%C3%A2nico" title="Relevo oceânico – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Relevo oceânico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundul_m%C4%83rii" title="Fundul mării – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fundul mării" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Океанское дно – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Океанское дно" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seabed" title="Seabed – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Seabed" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Океанско дно – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Океанско дно" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambira" title="Gambira – Soendanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Gambira" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Soendanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havsbotten" title="Havsbotten – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Havsbotten" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakafu_ya_bahari" title="Sakafu ya bahari – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sakafu ya bahari" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கடலடி நிலத்தோற்றம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கடலடி நிலத்தோற்றம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5" title="ก้นทะเล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ก้นทะเล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deniz_yata%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Deniz yatağı – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Deniz yatağı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Oceanic_basin_nl.svg/300px-Oceanic_basin_nl.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Oceanic_basin_nl.svg/450px-Oceanic_basin_nl.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Oceanic_basin_nl.svg/600px-Oceanic_basin_nl.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="705" /></a><figcaption>Schematische weergave van de verschillende domeinen van de zeebodem. Langs de randen van continenten ligt het <a href="/wiki/Continentaal_plat" title="Continentaal plat">continentaal plat</a>, dit gaat via de <a href="/wiki/Continentale_helling" title="Continentale helling">continentale helling</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Continentale_verheffing" title="Continentale verheffing">continentale verheffing</a> over in de <a href="/wiki/Abyssale_vlakte" title="Abyssale vlakte">abyssale vlakte</a>. Vulkanische eilanden, troggen en <a href="/wiki/Mid-oceanische_rug" title="Mid-oceanische rug">mid-oceanische ruggen</a> kunnen een uitzondering vormen in het reliëf van de oceaanbodem.</figcaption></figure> <p>De <b>zeebodem</b> of <b>oceaanbodem</b> is het door <a href="/wiki/Zeewater" title="Zeewater">zeewater</a> bedekte deel van het <a href="/wiki/Aardoppervlak" title="Aardoppervlak">aardoppervlak</a>. De zeebodem bestaat uit de <a href="/wiki/Continentale_marge" title="Continentale marge">continentale marge</a> langs de randen van de continenten, de eigenlijke oceaanbodem (de <a href="/wiki/Abyssale_vlakte" title="Abyssale vlakte">abyssale vlakte</a>) en de <a href="/wiki/Trog_(geografie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trog (geografie)">oceanische troggen</a>. De diepste zeebodems liggen in de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bathyaal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bathyaal (de pagina bestaat niet)">bathyale</a> en abysale zones van de waterkolom, het zijn zeer duistere gebieden, waar alleen gespecialiseerde <a href="/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme">organismen</a> leven, die bestand zijn tegen de hoge <a href="/wiki/Hydrostatische_druk" title="Hydrostatische druk">druk</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zeebodemonderzoek">Zeebodemonderzoek</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeebodem&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zeebodemonderzoek" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeebodem&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zeebodemonderzoek"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/Oceanografie" title="Oceanografie">oceanografie</a> voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.</i></div> <p>De zeebodem wordt onderzocht vanaf schepen met behulp van grijpers, <a href="/wiki/Side_scan_sonar" title="Side scan sonar">sonar</a> of <a href="/wiki/Seismiek" title="Seismiek">seismische</a> technieken, of door een speciale onderzeeboot, een <a href="/wiki/Bathyscaaf" title="Bathyscaaf">bathyscaaf</a>. Het meeste werk van oceanografen wordt verricht vanaf het zee-oppervlak, bijvoorbeeld door <a href="/wiki/Echolood" title="Echolood">echoloodmetingen</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zeebodemdiepte">Zeebodemdiepte</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeebodem&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zeebodemdiepte" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeebodem&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zeebodemdiepte"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/Bathymetrie" title="Bathymetrie">bathymetrie</a> voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.</i></div> <p>Uit echo-onderzoek blijkt dat de zeebodem net zoals het landoppervlak <a href="/wiki/Bergrug" title="Bergrug">bergruggen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hoogvlakte" title="Hoogvlakte">hoogvlakten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ravijn" class="mw-redirect" title="Ravijn">ravijnen</a> en <a href="/wiki/Plateau_(geografie)" title="Plateau (geografie)">plateaus</a> heeft. Het <a href="/wiki/Reli%C3%ABf_(landschap)" title="Reliëf (landschap)">reliëf</a> van de zeebodem is zelfs groter dan het reliëf op het boven water gelegen deel van het aardoppervlak. De <a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest">Mount Everest</a> zou op sommige plaatsen helemaal onder water kunnen verdwijnen en nog zou er 2 km <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> boven de top staan. </p><p>Langs de randen van de continenten ligt het minst diepe gedeelte van de zeebodem, dit wordt het <a href="/wiki/Continentaal_plat" title="Continentaal plat">continentaal plat</a> genoemd en hoort nog bij het continent. Voorbeelden van zeeën die tot het continentaal plat behoren zijn de <a href="/wiki/Noordzee" title="Noordzee">Noordzee</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Oostzee" title="Oostzee">Oostzee</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Oost-Chinese_Zee" title="Oost-Chinese Zee">Oost-Chinese Zee</a>. Het continentaal plat gaat via de <a href="/wiki/Continentale_helling" title="Continentale helling">continentale helling</a> en de <a href="/wiki/Continentale_verheffing" title="Continentale verheffing">continentale verheffing</a> over in de oceaan. </p><p>Het grootste gedeelte van de oceaanbodem ligt rond de 3 tot 4 km diepte en heeft relatief weinig reliëf. Dit wordt de abyssale vlakte genoemd. De vlakte wordt slechts onderbroken door <a href="/wiki/Vulkaan" title="Vulkaan">vulkanen</a>, die <a href="/wiki/Eiland" title="Eiland">eilanden</a> vormen of als ze niet boven het zeeniveau uitkomen <a href="/wiki/Guyot_(berg)" title="Guyot (berg)">guyots</a> worden genoemd. Soms kunnen vulkanische eilanden in lange <a href="/wiki/Eilandketen" class="mw-redirect" title="Eilandketen">eilandketens</a> voorkomen, een voorbeeld is <a href="/wiki/Hawa%C3%AF" title="Hawaï">Hawaï</a>. </p><p>Alle oceanen worden doorkruist door langgerekte bergruggen, de <a href="/wiki/Mid-oceanische_rug" title="Mid-oceanische rug">mid-oceanische ruggen</a>, waar de oceaanbodem slechts een tot twee kilometer diep ligt. Deze ruggen worden gevormd bij het uit elkaar bewegen van <a href="/wiki/Tektonische_plaat" title="Tektonische plaat">tektonische platen</a> en zijn <a href="/wiki/Vulkanisme" title="Vulkanisme">vulkanisch</a> en <a href="/wiki/Aardbeving" title="Aardbeving">seismisch</a> actieve regio's. </p><p>De diepste delen van de oceanen zijn <a href="/wiki/Oceanische_trog" class="mw-redirect" title="Oceanische trog">oceanische troggen</a>, langgerekte ravijnen in de oceaanbodem, die veroorzaakt worden doordat een tektonische plaat ombuigt en zeer langzaam de <a href="/wiki/Aardmantel" title="Aardmantel">aardmantel</a> in beweegt (een proces dat <a href="/wiki/Subductie" title="Subductie">subductie</a> wordt genoemd). De diepste plaats op Aarde ligt in de <a href="/wiki/Marianentrog" title="Marianentrog">Marianentrog</a> op 11.035 meter. Slechts vijf oceanische troggen zijn meer dan 10 km diep. </p><p>De zeebodem wordt geleidelijk aan diep vanuit de kustvlakte. Vanaf de kust tot waar de diepte ongeveer 200 meter bereikt noemen we vlakzee. Hier is de zee rijk aan vis. Er komt <a href="/wiki/Plankton" title="Plankton">plankton</a> voor. Ook nog aardgas en aardolie. Vanaf vlakzee wordt de zeebodem abrupt diep. We noemen dit <a href="/wiki/Diepzee" title="Diepzee">diepzee</a>. </p><p>De ecologische zones die samenhangen met de diepte van de zee worden de <a href="/wiki/Pelagische_zone" title="Pelagische zone">Pelagische zones</a> genoemd, er zijn verschillende zones gedefinieerd voor verschillende dieptes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biotopen">Biotopen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeebodem&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Biotopen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeebodem&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Biotopen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="/wiki/Mariene_biologie" title="Mariene biologie">mariene biologie</a> voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.</i></div> <p>Slechts een klein deel van de zeebodem ligt in de <a href="/wiki/Fotische_zone" title="Fotische zone">fotische zone</a>, waar voldoende zonlicht doordringt voor <a href="/wiki/Fotosynthese" title="Fotosynthese">fotosynthese</a> door <a href="/wiki/Planten" title="Planten">planten</a>. Dit deel beperkt zich tot binnenzeeën en gebieden langs de <a href="/wiki/Kust" title="Kust">kusten</a>. De zeebodem wordt in de <a href="/wiki/Ecologie" title="Ecologie">ecologie</a> de <a href="/wiki/Bentische_zone" title="Bentische zone">bentische zone</a> genoemd en heeft zijn eigen <a href="/wiki/Fauna_(dierenleven)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna (dierenleven)">fauna</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeebodem&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zeebodem&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bentische_zone" title="Bentische zone">bentische zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methaanhydraat" title="Methaanhydraat">methaanhydraat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceaan" title="Oceaan">oceaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zee" title="Zee">zee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeeniveau" title="Zeeniveau">zeeniveau</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zeebodem&oldid=68112049">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zeebodem&oldid=68112049</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Geografie" title="Categorie:Geografie">Geografie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Oceanografie" title="Categorie:Oceanografie">Oceanografie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Geomorfologie" title="Categorie:Geomorfologie">Geomorfologie</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 13 sep 2024 om 13:55.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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