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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Hoogte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hoogte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Hoogte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hoogte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Helling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Helling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Helling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Helling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Belang</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ontstaan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ontstaan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ontstaan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ontstaan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Reliëf (landschap)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 63 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-63" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">63 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Releu_(cheograf%C3%ADa)" title="Releu (cheografía) – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Releu (cheografía)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="تضاريس – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تضاريس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relieve_terrestre" title="Relieve terrestre – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Relieve terrestre" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relyef" title="Relyef – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Relyef" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%84_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Рэльеф (геаграфія) – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рэльеф (геаграфія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%84" title="Рэльеф – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рэльеф" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Релеф (геоморфология) – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Релеф (геоморфология)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torosennadur" title="Torosennadur – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Torosennadur" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reljef_(geografija)" title="Reljef (geografija) – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Reljef (geografija)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relleu_(geografia)" title="Relleu (geografia) – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Relleu (geografia)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reli%C3%A9f_(geografie)" title="Reliéf (geografie) – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Reliéf (geografie)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terr%C3%A6n" title="Terræn – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Terræn" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relief_(Geologie)" title="Relief (Geologie) – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Relief (Geologie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%88%CE%B4%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%82_(%CE%B3%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%87%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C)" title="Έδαφος (γεωγραφικό χαρακτηριστικό) – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Έδαφος (γεωγραφικό χαρακτηριστικό)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrain" title="Terrain – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Terrain" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tereno" title="Tereno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tereno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relieve_terrestre" title="Relieve terrestre – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Relieve terrestre" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reljeef" title="Reljeef – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Reljeef" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erliebe_(geografia)" title="Erliebe (geografia) – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erliebe (geografia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="ناهمواری – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ناهمواری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maasto" title="Maasto – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maasto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relief_(g%C3%A9omorphologie)" title="Relief (géomorphologie) – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Relief (géomorphologie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relevo_terrestre" title="Relevo terrestre – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Relevo terrestre" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%97" title="תוואי שטח – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תוואי שטח" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9A" title="उच्चावच – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उच्चावच" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reljef" title="Reljef – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Reljef" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reli%C3%A8f_(jewom%C3%B2foloji)" title="Relièf (jewomòfoloji) – Haïtiaans Creools" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Relièf (jewomòfoloji)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domborzat" title="Domborzat – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Domborzat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A5%D6%86" title="Ռելիեֆ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռելիեֆ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permukaan_tanah" title="Permukaan tanah – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Permukaan tanah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tereno" title="Tereno – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tereno" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%8B%A2" title="地勢 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="地勢" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="რელიეფი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რელიეფი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ademkal" title="Ademkal – Kabylisch" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ademkal" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabylisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%84" title="Рельеф – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Рельеф" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EC%A7%80_(%EC%A7%80%ED%98%95)" title="대지 (지형) – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대지 (지형)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%84" title="Рельеф – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Рельеф" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prominentia" title="Prominentia – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Prominentia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relief_(Topographie)" title="Relief (Topographie) – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Relief (Topographie)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reljefas" title="Reljefas – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Reljefas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reljefs" title="Reljefs – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Reljefs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%84" title="Релјеф – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Релјеф" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupa_bumi" title="Rupa bumi – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rupa bumi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rze%C5%BAba_terenu" title="Rzeźba terenu – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rzeźba terenu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relevo" title="Relevo – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Relevo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relief" title="Relief – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Relief" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%84" title="Рельеф – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рельеф" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reljef" title="Reljef – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Reljef" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrain" title="Terrain – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Terrain" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reli%C3%A9f_(geomorfol%C3%B3gia)" title="Reliéf (geomorfológia) – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Reliéf (geomorfológia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relievi" title="Relievi – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Relievi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%99%D0%B5%D1%84" title="Рељеф – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рељеф" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terr%C3%A4ng" title="Terräng – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Terräng" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%83%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF" title="స్థలాకృతి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="స్థలాకృతి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8" title="ภูมิประเทศ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภูมิประเทศ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arazi" title="Arazi – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Arazi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%94%D1%84" title="Рельєф – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рельєф" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relyef" title="Relyef – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Relyef" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Ba_h%C3%ACnh" title="Địa hình – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Địa hình" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" 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</div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/AYool_topography_15min.png/525px-AYool_topography_15min.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/AYool_topography_15min.png/700px-AYool_topography_15min.png 2x" data-file-width="1617" data-file-height="1133" /></a><figcaption>Reliëfkaart van de aarde</figcaption></figure> <p>Het <b>reliëf</b> is in de <a href="/wiki/Aardrijkskunde" title="Aardrijkskunde">aardrijkskunde</a> het geheel van hoogtes en laagtes in het <a href="/wiki/Landschap" title="Landschap">landschap</a>, dat samen de verticale dimensie van het landschap vormt. Reliëf bestaat niet alleen uit het hoogteverschil tussen punten, maar ook uit de <a href="/wiki/Berghelling" class="mw-redirect" title="Berghelling">helling</a>, de <a href="/wiki/Horizon_(lijn)" title="Horizon (lijn)">horizonlijn</a> en de absolute hoogte van het oppervlak ten opzichte van het <a href="/wiki/Zeeniveau" title="Zeeniveau">zeeniveau</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hoogte">Hoogte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reli%C3%ABf_(landschap)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Hoogte" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reli%C3%ABf_(landschap)&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Hoogte"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De hoogte en hoogteverschillen in een landschap worden op het land vastgesteld door het meten van de <a href="/wiki/Hoogte_(geografie)" title="Hoogte (geografie)">hoogte</a>. Onder water gebeurt dit door het meten van de <a href="/wiki/Waterdiepte" title="Waterdiepte">diepte</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bathymetrie" title="Bathymetrie">dieptemeting of bathymetrie</a>). </p><p>De hoogste punten in het landschap worden <a href="/wiki/Berg_(aardrijkskunde)" class="mw-redirect" title="Berg (aardrijkskunde)">bergen</a> of <a href="/wiki/Heuvel_(landvorm)" title="Heuvel (landvorm)">heuvels</a> genoemd. Een berg is hoger dan een heuvel, maar er is geen scherpe grens tussen heuvel en berg. Wat in het ene gebied eerder een berg genoemd wordt, kan in het andere gebied een heuvel heten. Gebieden met veel bergen en een hoog reliëf worden <a href="/wiki/Gebergte_(aardrijkskunde)" title="Gebergte (aardrijkskunde)">gebergtes</a> genoemd. Een gebied met weinig reliëf heet een <a href="/wiki/Vlakte" title="Vlakte">vlakte</a>. De hoogte van een vlakte ten opzichte van het zeeniveau bepaalt het verschil tussen <a href="/wiki/Hoogvlakte" title="Hoogvlakte">hoogvlaktes</a> en <a href="/wiki/Laagvlakte" class="mw-redirect" title="Laagvlakte">laagvlaktes</a>. Als sprake is van een hoogvlakte met aan weerszijden aflopende hellingen, spreekt men van een <a href="/wiki/Plateau_(geografie)" title="Plateau (geografie)">plateau</a>. </p><p>Op landkaarten kan de hoogte worden weergegeven door <a href="/wiki/Isohypse" title="Isohypse">hoogtelijnen</a>, die verschillende <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoogtezone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hoogtezone (de pagina bestaat niet)">hoogtezones</a> scheiden. Met behulp van kleuren kunnen die hoogtezones op de kaart worden aangegeven. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Helling">Helling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reli%C3%ABf_(landschap)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Helling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reli%C3%ABf_(landschap)&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Helling"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Een helling kan worden beschreven met de hellingshoek (hoe steil de helling is) en de hellingsrichting (in welke richting ze helt). Een stuk grond dat naar dezelfde richting helt wordt een hellingsvlak genoemd. Als op een hellingsvlak <a href="/wiki/Neerslag_(atmosfeer)" title="Neerslag (atmosfeer)">neerslag</a> valt, zal dat naar dezelfde richting afwateren of wegstromen. De plek waar twee verschillende hellingsvlakken bij elkaar komen heet een <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kniklijn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kniklijn (de pagina bestaat niet)">kniklijn</a>. Is de kniklijn het laagste punt tussen de twee hellingsvlakken, dan is sprake van een dal, waar mogelijk een <a href="/wiki/Beek_(watergang)" title="Beek (watergang)">beek</a> of <a href="/wiki/Rivier" title="Rivier">rivier</a> stroomt. Als de kniklijn het hoogste punt tussen de hellingsvlakken is, dan is er sprake van een <a href="/wiki/Bergkam" title="Bergkam">kam</a>. Een kam is onderdeel van een berg of heuvel. </p><p>Op kaarten kan de hellingshoek en hellingsrichting worden aangegeven met behulp van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reli%C3%ABfschaduwing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reliëfschaduwing (de pagina bestaat niet)">reliëfschaduwing</a>. Ook kunnen de plaats en hoogte/diepte van opvallende reliëfelementen worden vermeld met symbolen of tekst. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Belang">Belang</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reli%C3%ABf_(landschap)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Belang" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reli%C3%ABf_(landschap)&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Belang"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kennis van het reliëf van een landschap is om verschillende redenen van groot belang. </p> <ul><li>Het reliëf bepaalt in grote mate of een gebied geschikt is voor menselijke bewoning en activiteiten. Zo zijn vlakke gebieden over het algemeen geschikter voor landbouw en infrastructuur dan bergachtige streken.</li> <li>Het reliëf van een landschap dicteert de loop van het water, waar <a href="/wiki/Waterscheiding" title="Waterscheiding">waterscheidingen</a> zich bevinden en op welke wijze de natuurlijke <a href="/wiki/Afwatering" title="Afwatering">afwatering</a> plaatsvindt. Deze factoren bepalen mede de kwaliteit van het water.</li> <li>Kennis van reliëf is belangrijk bij het voorkomen van <a href="/wiki/Erosie" title="Erosie">erosie</a>. In de landbouw wordt het wegspoelen van vruchtbare aarde voorkomen door de aanleg van terrassen op sterk hellende gronden. Op licht hellende akkers kan erosie worden tegengegaan door te ploegen langs hoogtelijnen in plaats van de helling op en af.</li> <li>Vanuit militair oogpunt is reliëf van cruciaal belang omdat het bepaalt of en zo ja hoe een gebied kan worden veroverd dan wel verdedigd en op welke wijze troepenverplaatsingen en bevoorrading plaats kunnen vinden.</li> <li>Het reliëf van het aardoppervlak heeft veel invloed op het klimaat van een gebied. Twee dicht bij elkaar gelegen gebieden kunnen flink verschillen qua temperatuur of neerslaghoeveelheden door hoogteverschillen of een <a href="/wiki/Regenschaduw" title="Regenschaduw">regenschaduw</a>.</li></ul> <p>Het reliëf vormt samen met het <a href="/wiki/Gesteente" title="Gesteente">gesteente</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sediment" title="Sediment">sediment</a> het <a href="/wiki/Substraat_(geologie)" title="Substraat (geologie)">substraat</a>. Het substraat, het <a href="/wiki/Klimaat" title="Klimaat">klimaat</a> en de mens zijn de zogenoemde conditionele factoren in het landschap. Dat wil zeggen dat deze drie factoren een grotere invloed op water, bodem en vegetatie hebben dan andersom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ontstaan">Ontstaan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reli%C3%ABf_(landschap)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Ontstaan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reli%C3%ABf_(landschap)&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Ontstaan"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Reliëf ontstaat door endogene en exogene factoren. Over het algemeen verkleinen de exogene krachten de door de endogene krachten gecreëerde hoogteverschillen. De <a href="/wiki/Geomorfologie" title="Geomorfologie">geomorfologie</a> beschrijft de vormen van het aardoppervlak vanuit hun ontstaan. </p><p><i>Endogene krachten</i> zijn krachten vanuit de aarde zelf. De aardkorst wordt vervormd door <a href="/wiki/Platentektoniek" title="Platentektoniek">platentektoniek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vulkanisme" title="Vulkanisme">vulkanisme</a> en <a href="/wiki/Aardbeving" title="Aardbeving">aardbevingen</a>. Dit leidt tot de vorming van <a href="/wiki/Gebergtevorming" title="Gebergtevorming">gebergten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trog_(geografie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trog (geografie)">troggen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geologische_breuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Geologische breuk">breuken</a> en <a href="/wiki/Plooiing_(geologie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plooiing (geologie)">plooiingen</a>, allemaal processen die hoogteverschillen creëren. </p><p><i>Exogene krachten</i> zijn krachten die van buitenaf op het reliëf inwerken zoals <a href="/wiki/Zwaartekracht" title="Zwaartekracht">zwaartekracht</a>, zonnestraling, wind, water, ijs en <a href="/wiki/Getijde_(waterbeweging)" title="Getijde (waterbeweging)">getijden</a>. Deze krachten of een combinatie ervan veroorzaken processen als <a href="/wiki/Verwering" title="Verwering">verwering</a>, erosie en <a href="/wiki/Sedimentatie" title="Sedimentatie">sedimentatie</a>. Ook levende wezens kunnen het reliëf beïnvloeden, bijvoorbeeld mensen graven bergen af voor cementwinning en planten kunnen het aardoppervlak ophogen bij de vorming van <a href="/wiki/Hoogveen" title="Hoogveen">hoogveen</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reli%C3%ABf_(landschap)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reli%C3%ABf_(landschap)&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Landvorm" title="Landvorm">landvorm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orografie" title="Orografie">orografie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topografische_kaart" title="Topografische kaart">topografische kaart</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reliëf_(landschap)&oldid=67575231">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reliëf_(landschap)&oldid=67575231</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Fysische_geografie" title="Categorie:Fysische geografie">Fysische geografie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Geodesie" title="Categorie:Geodesie">Geodesie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Topografie" title="Categorie:Topografie">Topografie</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 24 mei 2024 om 13:47.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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