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Johnson">Eldridge R. Johnson</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Distributor(s)</th> <td>Sony Music Entertainment (in the US) RCA Label Group (Outside the US) Legacy Recordings (re-issues)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Genre</th> <td class="category">Various</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Country of origin</th> <td>United States</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Location</th> <td class="label"><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New York</a>, United States</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Official website</th> <td> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326025814/http://www.rcarecords.com/">www.rcarecords.com</a> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326025814/http://www.rca-records.co.uk/">www.rca-records.co.uk</a> (UK unit)</li> </ul> </td> </tr> </table> RCA Records is an American flagship recording label (alongside <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia Records</a> and <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_Records" title="Epic Records">Epic Records</a>) of <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Music_Entertainment" title="Sony Music Entertainment">Sony Music Entertainment (SME)</a>. RCA Records is the second-oldest recording company in U.S. history, after Columbia. RCA's Canadian unit (formerly <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berliner_Gramophone" title="Berliner Gramophone">Berliner Gramophone</a> Canada) is Sony's oldest label in Canada, as it was only one of two Canadian record companies (<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compo_Company" title="Compo Company">Compo Company</a>, now <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music" title="Universal Music" class="mw-redirect">Universal Music</a> Canada, is the other) to survive the <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>. RCA currently houses <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britney_Spears" title="Britney Spears">Britney Spears</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleachers_(band)" title="Bleachers (band)">Bleachers (band)</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G.R.L." title="G.R.L.">G.R.L.</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Hudson" title="Jennifer Hudson">Jennifer Hudson</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilary_Duff" title="Hilary Duff">Hilary Duff</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foo_Fighters" title="Foo Fighters">Foo Fighters</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitbull_(rapper)" title="Pitbull (rapper)">Pitbull</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAGIC!" title="MAGIC!" class="mw-redirect">MAGIC!</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_(singer)" title="Miguel (singer)">Miguel</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Brown" title="Chris Brown">Chris Brown</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kid_Ink" title="Kid Ink">Kid Ink</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Days_Grace" title="Three Days Grace">Three Days Grace</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Becky_G" title="Becky G">Becky G</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alicia_Keys" title="Alicia Keys">Alicia Keys</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinashe" title="Tinashe">Tinashe</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly_Clarkson" title="Kelly Clarkson">Kelly Clarkson</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesha" title="Kesha">Kesha</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_(rapper)" title="Los (rapper)">Los</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Timberlake" title="Justin Timberlake">Justin Timberlake</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A$AP_Rocky" title="A$AP Rocky" class="mw-redirect">A$AP Rocky</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%27Angelo" title="D'Angelo">D'Angelo</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usher_(entertainer)" title="Usher (entertainer)">Usher</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christina_Aguilera" title="Christina Aguilera">Christina Aguilera</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P!nk" title="P!nk" class="mw-redirect">P!nk</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miley_Cyrus" title="Miley Cyrus">Miley Cyrus</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R._Kelly" title="R. Kelly">R. Kelly</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sia_(musician)" title="Sia (musician)">Sia</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%22Weird_Al%22_Yankovic" title=""Weird Al" Yankovic">"Weird Al" Yankovic</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentatonix" title="Pentatonix">Pentatonix</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakira" title="Shakira">Shakira</a>, and <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a>. <div id="toc" class="toc"> <div id="toctitle"> <h2>Contents</h2> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#The_RCA_family_of_labels">1 The RCA family of labels</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History">2 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#World_War_II_era">2.1 World War II era</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#The_post-war_1940s">2.2 The post-war 1940s</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#The_1950s">2.3 The 1950s</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#The_1960s">2.4 The 1960s</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Debut_of_quadraphonic_releases">2.5 Debut of quadraphonic releases</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Acquisition_by_Bertelsmann">2.6 Acquisition by Bertelsmann</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#1990s">2.7 1990s</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Merger">2.8 Merger</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#2010s:_Label_integration">2.9 2010s: Label integration</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Broadway_and_Hollywood">3 Broadway and Hollywood</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Spoken_word_albums">4 Spoken word albums</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Criticisms_and_controversy">5 Criticisms and controversy</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Triumph">5.1 Triumph</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Kelly_Clarkson">5.2 Kelly Clarkson</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Avril_Lavigne">5.3 Avril Lavigne</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Kenny_Rogers">5.4 Kenny Rogers</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Neil_Sedaka">5.5 Neil Sedaka</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Other_notable_events">5.6 Other notable events</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#Other_RCA_labels">6 Other RCA labels</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#Previous_labels">7 Previous labels</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#Executives">8 Executives</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#See_also">9 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#References">10 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="#Further_reading">11 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#External_links">12 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> <h2>The RCA family of labels[<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA_Records&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: The RCA family of labels">edit</a>]</h2> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:105px;"><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RCAVictorLogo.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150326025814im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/17/RCAVictorLogo.png" width="103" height="20" class="thumbimage" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="20"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RCAVictorLogo.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> RCA Victor Logo</div> </div> </div> RCA is the name of three different co-owned record labels. RCA Records is the <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip-hop_music" title="Hip-hop music" class="mw-redirect">hip-hop</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B" title="Contemporary R&B">R&B</a> and <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country music</a> label. RCA Victor is the label for <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blues_music" title="Blues music" class="mw-redirect">blues music</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_music" title="World music">world music</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_theatre" title="Musical theatre">musicals</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_music" title="Religious music">religious music</a> and other musical genres which do not fit the pop music mold. <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_Red_Seal_Records" title="RCA Red Seal Records">RCA Red Seal</a> is the renowned <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_classical_music" title="European classical music" class="mw-redirect">classical music</a> label with a reissue sub-label called RCA Gold Seal. Defunct labels include the budget labels <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_Camden" title="RCA Camden">RCA Camden</a> and <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_Victrola" title="RCA Victrola">RCA Victrola</a>. Besides manufacturing records for themselves, RCA Victor also operated RCA Custom which was the leading record manufacturer for <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_record_label" title="Independent record label">independent record labels</a>.[<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] RCA operated three strategically located record manufacturing plants in the U.S. and advertised overnight delivery to record distributors.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> RCA Custom also pressed record compilations for <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Reader%27s_Digest_Association" title="The Reader's Digest Association" class="mw-redirect">The Reader's Digest Association</a>. Currently, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legacy_Recordings" title="Legacy Recordings">Legacy Recordings</a>, Sony Music Entertainment's catalog division, reissues classic albums for RCA. <h2>History[<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA_Records&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</h2> <div class="hatnote">For the company's earlier history, see <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Talking_Machine_Company" title="Victor Talking Machine Company">Victor Talking Machine Company</a>.</div> In 1929, Radio Corporation of America (<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA" title="RCA">RCA</a>) purchased the <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Talking_Machine_Company" title="Victor Talking Machine Company">Victor Talking Machine Company</a>, then the world's largest manufacturer of <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonograph" title="Phonograph">phonographs</a> (including the famous "<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victrola" title="Victrola" class="mw-redirect">Victrola</a>") and <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonograph_record" title="Phonograph record" class="mw-redirect">phonograph records</a> (in <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a>, "gramophone records"). The company then became RCA Victor. With Victor, RCA acquired <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a> rights to the famous <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nipper" title="Nipper">Nipper</a> <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trademark" title="Trademark">trademark</a>. While in <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, China, RCA Victor was the main competitor with <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baak_Doi" title="Baak Doi" class="mw-redirect">Baak Doi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Jones-2">[2]</a> In 1931, RCA Victor's British affiliate the <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramophone_Company" title="Gramophone Company">Gramophone Company</a> merged with the <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_Graphophone_Company" title="Columbia Graphophone Company">Columbia Graphophone Company</a> to form <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMI" title="EMI">EMI</a>. This gave RCA head <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Sarnoff" title="David Sarnoff">David Sarnoff</a> a seat on the EMI board. In September 1931, RCA Victor introduced the first 33⅓ rpm records sold to the public, calling them "Program Transcriptions". These used a shallower and more closely spaced implementation of the large "standard groove" found on contemporary 78 rpm records, rather than the "microgroove" used for post-World War II 33⅓ rpm <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LP_record" title="LP record">"LP"</a> (Long Play) records. In the depths of the <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>, the format was a commercial failure, partly because the new playback equipment they required was expensive. After two or three years the format was abandoned and two-speed turntables were no longer offered in consumer products, but some Program Transcriptions lingered in the company's record catalog throughout the decade. During the early part of the depression, RCA made a number of attempts to produce a successful cheap label to compete with the "Dime Store Labels" (<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfect_Records" title="Perfect Records">Perfect</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriole_Records_(U.S.)" title="Oriole Records (U.S.)">Oriole</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banner_Records" title="Banner Records">Banner</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melotone_Records_(US)" title="Melotone Records (US)">Melotone</a>, etc.). In 1932, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluebird_Records" title="Bluebird Records">Bluebird Records</a> was created as a sub-label of RCA Victor. It was originally an 8-inch record with a dark blue label, alongside an 8-inch Electradisk label (sold at <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._W._Woolworth_Company" title="F. W. Woolworth Company">Woolworth</a>'s). Neither were a success. In 1933, RCA reintroduced Bluebird and Electradisk as a standard 10-inch label (Bluebird's label was redesigned as it became known as the 'buff' label). Another cheap label, Sunrise, was produced (although nobody seems to know for whom it was produced, as Sunrise records are exceptionally rare). The same musical couplings were issued on all three labels, and Bluebird survived long after Electradisk and Sunrise were discontinued. RCA also produced records for <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montgomery_Ward" title="Montgomery Ward">Montgomery Ward</a> during the 1930s. RCA sold its interest in EMI in 1935, but EMI continued to distribute RCA recordings on the <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/His_Master%27s_Voice" title="His Master's Voice">HMV</a> label. RCA also manufactured and distributed HMV classical recordings on the HMV label in North America.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> <h3>World War II era[<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA_Records&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: World War II era">edit</a>]</h3> During <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, ties between RCA and its Japanese affiliate <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JVC" title="JVC">JVC</a> were severed. The Japanese record company is today called <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Entertainment" title="Victor Entertainment">Victor Entertainment</a> and is still a JVC subsidiary. From 1942 to 1944, RCA Victor was seriously impacted by the <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Federation_of_Musicians" title="American Federation of Musicians">American Federation of Musicians</a> recording ban. Virtually all union musicians could not make recordings during that period. One of the few exceptions was the eventual release of recorded performances by the <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC_Symphony_Orchestra" title="NBC Symphony Orchestra">NBC Symphony Orchestra</a> with <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arturo_Toscanini" title="Arturo Toscanini">Arturo Toscanini</a>. However, RCA lost the <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia_Orchestra" title="Philadelphia Orchestra">Philadelphia Orchestra</a> during this period; when <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia Records</a> settled quickly with the union, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Ormandy" title="Eugene Ormandy">Eugene Ormandy</a> and the Philadelphians signed a new contract with Columbia and began making recordings in 1944. <h3>The post-war 1940s[<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA_Records&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The post-war 1940s">edit</a>]</h3> In 1949, RCA Victor introduced the 7-inch 45 <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutions_per_minute" title="Revolutions per minute">rpm</a> fine-grooved vinyl record, marketed simply as a "45". The new format, which had been under development for several years,<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> was RCA Victor's belatedly unveiled alternative to the 12-inch and 10-inch 33⅓ rpm microgroove vinyl "<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LP_record" title="LP record">LP</a>" (Long Play) discs introduced by arch-rival <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_records" title="Columbia records" class="mw-redirect">CBS/Columbia</a> in 1948. In heavy promotion, RCA sold compact, inexpensive add-on and stand-alone units that played the 45 rpm format exclusively. At first, RCA Victor's 45s were issued on colored vinyl according to the musical genre: ordinary pop music on black vinyl, prestigious Broadway musicals and operettas on "midnight blue" vinyl, classical music on red vinyl, country and polka on green, children's fare on yellow, rhythm and blues on orange or cerise, and international on teal. This array of colors complicated the production process and the practice was soon discontinued. The use of vinyl, which was much more expensive than the gritty <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shellac" title="Shellac">shellac</a> compound normally used for 78s, was made economically practical by the smaller diameter and greatly reduced bulk of the new discs, which required very little raw material. The 45 was marketed as a direct replacement for 10-inch and 12-inch 78 rpm records, which typically played for about three and four minutes per side respectively. RCA also released some "<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_play" title="Extended play">extended play</a>" (EP) 45s with playing times up to 7 minutes per side, primarily for light classical selections, as typified by an <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Fiedler" title="Arthur Fiedler">Arthur Fiedler</a> and the <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Pops_Orchestra" title="Boston Pops Orchestra">Boston Pops Orchestra</a> disc featuring <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchaikovsky" title="Tchaikovsky" class="mw-redirect">Tchaikovsky</a>'s <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marche_Slave" title="Marche Slave">Marche Slave</a> and <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ket%C3%A8lbey" title="Ketèlbey" class="mw-redirect">Ketèlbey</a>'s <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_a_Persian_Market" title="In a Persian Market" class="mw-redirect">In a Persian Market</a>. Boxed sets of four to six 45s were issued, each set providing about the same amount of music as one LP. (The extreme case of these boxed sets was the opera "Carmen", consisting of sixteen 45 rpm disks!) In the case of symphonies and other longer classical music, there had to be an interruption every few minutes as one disc side ended and another was started up. These disruptive "side breaks", a nuisance familiar to classical listeners from similar sets of 78 rpm records, were minimized by an extremely fast automatic record-changing mechanism that was a core feature of RCA Victor's 45 players. The 45 became the standard format for pop music singles, overtaking U.S. sales of the same material on 78s by 1954, but the LP prevailed as the standard format for classical music and convenient one-disc "album" collections of eight or more pop songs. <h3>The 1950s[<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA_Records&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The 1950s">edit</a>]</h3> In 1950, realizing that Columbia's LP format had become successful and fearful that RCA was losing market share, RCA Victor began issuing LPs themselves.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Among the first RCA LPs released was a performance of <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ga%C3%AEt%C3%A9_Parisienne" title="Gaîté Parisienne">Gaîté Parisienne</a> by <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Offenbach" title="Jacques Offenbach">Jacques Offenbach</a>, played by <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Fiedler" title="Arthur Fiedler">Arthur Fiedler</a> and the <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Pops_Orchestra" title="Boston Pops Orchestra">Boston Pops Orchestra</a>, which had actually been recorded in <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>'s <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphony_Hall,_Boston" title="Symphony Hall, Boston">Symphony Hall</a> on June 20, 1947; it was given the <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalog_numbering_systems_for_single_records" title="Catalog numbering systems for single records">catalogue number</a> LM-1001. Non-classical albums were issued with the prefix "LPM." When RCA later issued classical stereo albums (in 1958), they used the prefix "LSC." Non-classical stereo albums were issued with the prefix "LSP." In the 1950s, RCA had three subsidiary or specialty labels: Groove, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vik_Recordings" title="Vik Recordings" class="mw-redirect">Vik</a> and "X". Label "X" was founded in 1953 and renamed Vik in 1955. Groove was an <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%26B" title="R&B" class="mw-redirect">R&B</a> specialty label founded in 1954.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Through the 1940s and 1950s, RCA was in competition with <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia Records</a>. A number of recordings were made with the <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC_Symphony_Orchestra" title="NBC Symphony Orchestra">NBC Symphony Orchestra</a>, usually conducted by Arturo Toscanini; sometimes RCA utilized recordings of broadcast concerts (Toscanini had been recording for the label since the days of <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic_recording" title="Acoustic recording" class="mw-redirect">acoustic recordings</a>, and the label had been recording the NBC Symphony since its creation in 1937). When the NBC Symphony was reorganized in the fall of 1954 as the <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphony_of_the_Air" title="Symphony of the Air" class="mw-redirect">Symphony of the Air</a>, it continued to record for RCA, as well as other labels, usually with <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_Stokowski" title="Leopold Stokowski">Leopold Stokowski</a>. RCA also released a number of recordings with the Victor Symphony Orchestra, later renamed the <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_Victor_Symphony_Orchestra" title="RCA Victor Symphony Orchestra">RCA Victor Symphony Orchestra</a>, which was usually drawn from either Philadelphia or New York musicians, as well as members of the Symphony of the Air. By the late 1950s RCA had fewer high prestige orchestras under contract than Columbia had: RCA recorded the <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Chicago Symphony Orchestra">Chicago Symphony Orchestra</a>, the <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Boston Symphony Orchestra">Boston Symphony Orchestra</a>, and the Boston Pops, whereas Columbia had the <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland_Orchestra" title="Cleveland Orchestra">Cleveland Orchestra</a>, the <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia_Orchestra" title="Philadelphia Orchestra">Philadelphia Orchestra</a>, and the <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="New York Philharmonic Orchestra" class="mw-redirect">New York Philharmonic Orchestra</a>. On October 6, 1953, RCA held experimental stereophonic sessions in New York's Manhattan Center with Leopold Stokowski conducting a group of New York musicians in performances of <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Enescu" title="George Enescu">George Enescu</a>'s <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_Rhapsodies_(Enescu)#Rhapsody_No._1_in_A_major" title="Romanian Rhapsodies (Enescu)">Roumanian Rhapsody No. 1</a> and the waltz from <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tchaikovsky" title="Tchaikovsky" class="mw-redirect">Tchaikovsky</a>'s opera <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Onegin_(opera)" title="Eugene Onegin (opera)">Eugene Onegin</a>. There were additional stereo tests in December, again in the Manhattan Center, this time with <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Monteux" title="Pierre Monteux">Pierre Monteux</a> conducting members of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. In February 1954, RCA made its first commercial stereophonic recordings, taping the Boston Symphony Orchestra, conducted by <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_M%C3%BCnch" title="Charles Münch" class="mw-redirect">Charles Münch</a>, in a performance of The Damnation of Faust by Hector Berlioz. This began a practice of simultaneously recording orchestras with both stereophonic and monaural equipment. Other early stereo recordings were made by Toscanini and <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guido_Cantelli" title="Guido Cantelli">Guido Cantelli</a> respectively, with the NBC Symphony Orchestra; the Boston Pops Orchestra under Arthur Fiedler; and the Chicago Symphony Orchestra under <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Reiner" title="Fritz Reiner">Fritz Reiner</a>. Initially, RCA used RT-21 quarter-inch tape recorders (which ran at 30 inches per second), wired to mono mixers, with Neumann U-47 cardioid and M-49/50 omnidirectional microphones. Then they switched to an Ampex 300-3 one-half inch machine, running at 15 inches per second (which was later increased to 30 inches per second). These recordings were initially issued in 1955 on special stereophonic reel-to-reel tapes and then, beginning in 1958, on vinyl LPs with the logo "Living Stereo." Sony Music and successor companies have continued to reissue these recordings on CD.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Another 1953 project for RCA was converting the acoustically superior building <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webster_Hall" title="Webster Hall">Webster Hall</a> into its East Coast recording studio. It operated this studio venue from 1953 to 1968. In September 1954, RCA introduced "Gruve-Gard" where the center and edge of a disc are thicker than the playing area, reducing scuff marks during handling and when used on a turntable with a record changer.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Most of RCA Victor Records' competitors quickly adopted the raised label and edges. In 1955, RCA purchased the recording contract of <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a> from <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Records" title="Sun Records">Sun Records</a> for the then astronomical sum of $35,000. Presley would become RCA's biggest selling recording artist. His first gold record was "Heartbreak Hotel", recorded in January 1956. In 1957, RCA ended its 55-year association with EMI and signed a distribution deal with <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decca_Records" title="Decca Records">Decca Records</a>, which caused EMI to purchase <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitol_Records" title="Capitol Records">Capitol Records</a>. Capitol then became the main distributor for EMI recordings in North and South America, with RCA distributing its recordings through Decca in the United Kingdom on the RCA (later RCA Victor) label. This had the lightning bolt logo instead of the <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/His_Master%27s_Voice" title="His Master's Voice">His Master's Voice</a> Nipper logo (now owned by <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMV" title="HMV">HMV</a> in the UK as EMI transferred trademark ownership in 2003).<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> RCA set up its own British distribution in 1969.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Also in 1957, RCA opened a state-of-the-art recording studio in <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a>, Tennessee, which recorded hit after hit for RCA and other labels for 20 years and is now open for tours as <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_Studio_B" title="RCA Studio B">RCA Studio B</a>. Elvis Presley made most of his recordings in this studio. <h3>The 1960s[<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA_Records&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The 1960s">edit</a>]</h3> In 1960, RCA announced the Compact 33 double and singles. In January 1961, these discs hit the market. The Compact 33 discs were released simultaneously with their 45 rpm counterparts. The long-term goal was to phase out the 45 rpm. This campaign eventually failed by early 1962.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> In 1963, RCA introduced <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynagroove" title="Dynagroove">Dynagroove</a> which added computer technology to the disc cutting process, ostensibly to improve sound reproduction. Whether it was actually an improvement or not is still debated among audiophiles. In September 1965, RCA and <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learjet" title="Learjet">Lear Jet Corp.</a> teamed up to release the first stereo 8-track tape music Cartridges (<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereo_8" title="Stereo 8" class="mw-redirect">Stereo 8</a>) which were first used in the 1966 line of <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford" title="Ford" class="mw-redirect">Ford</a> automobiles and were popular throughout the late 1960s and 1970s. (The initial release comprised 175 titles from RCA Victor and RCA Camden's catalog of artists.) In late 1968, RCA modernized its image with a new futuristic-looking logo (the letters RCA in block modernized form), replacing the old lightning bolt logo, and the virtual retirement of both the Victor and Nipper trademarks. The background of the labels, which had always been black for its regular series (as opposed to its Red Seal line), switched to a bright orange or yellow (becoming tan later in the early 1970s). In late 1976, RCA Records reinstated Nipper to most of its record labels in countries where RCA had the rights to the Nipper trademark. The famous "shaded" label used on RCA's "Living Stereo" albums was revived in the 1990s for a series of CDs devoted to the historic triple-track stereophonic recordings. In late 1969, RCA introduced a very thin, lightweight vinyl LP known as <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynaflex_(RCA)" title="Dynaflex (RCA)">Dynaflex</a>. This type of pressing claimed to overcome warping and other problems in conventional thicker pressings, but it had a controversial reputation in the industry.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <h3>Debut of quadraphonic releases[<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA_Records&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Debut of quadraphonic releases">edit</a>]</h3> In April 1970 RCA announced the first <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadraphonic" title="Quadraphonic" class="mw-redirect">quadraphonic</a> 4-channel 8-track tape cartridges ("Quad-8," later called just Q8). RCA then began releasing quadraphonic vinyl recordings in 1971, primarily of classical music, in the CD-4 format developed by Japan Victor Corporation (JVC), and made commercially practical by Quadracast Systems Inc. (QSI). RCA's trade name became "Quadradisc." The CD-4 format required a special cartridge that had a ±1 db frequency response out to 50 kHz, a CD-4 demodulator which decoded the difference between the front and rear channels from a 30 kHz subcarrier, four separate amplifier channels, and four separate speakers for the left and right front and left and right rear. Both the CD-4 Quadradisc and Quad-8 tape cartridge systems were true discrete 4-4-4 quadraphonic systems. Columbia introduced a quadraphonic matrix system, SQ, which required a decoder, 4-channel amplifier and the four speakers. The SQ system was referred to as a 4-2-4 matrix system. The <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warner_Music" title="Warner Music" class="mw-redirect">Warner Music</a> labels also adopted the Quadradisc format, but they, RCA and Columbia abandoned quadraphonic recording within a few years; some of the RCA sessions were later remastered for <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_decoder#Dolby_MP_matrix_encoding_.282:4.29" title="Matrix decoder">Dolby encoding</a> (same as <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Scheiber" title="Peter Scheiber">Peter Scheiber</a>'s original matrix system) and released on CD. This included <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Gerhardt_(conductor)" title="Charles Gerhardt (conductor)">Charles Gerhardt</a>'s series of albums devoted to classic film scores by <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Wolfgang_Korngold" title="Erich Wolfgang Korngold">Erich Wolfgang Korngold</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Newman_(composer)" title="Alfred Newman (composer)">Alfred Newman</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimitri_Tiomkin" title="Dimitri Tiomkin">Dimitri Tiomkin</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Steiner" title="Max Steiner">Max Steiner</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Waxman" title="Franz Waxman">Franz Waxman</a>, and others, performed by the <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="National Philharmonic Orchestra">National Philharmonic Orchestra</a> in London's <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingsway_Hall" title="Kingsway Hall">Kingsway Hall</a>. <h3>Acquisition by Bertelsmann[<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA_Records&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Acquisition by Bertelsmann">edit</a>]</h3> In 1983, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arista_Records" title="Arista Records">Arista Records</a> owner <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertelsmann" title="Bertelsmann">Bertelsmann</a> sold 50% of Arista to RCA. In 1985, Bertelsmann and RCA formed a joint venture called RCA/Ariola International.<a href="#cite_note-bertelsmann.com-14">[14]</a> When <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a> acquired RCA in 1986, the company sold its 50% interest in RCA/Ariola International to its partner Bertelsmann and the company was renamed <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMG_Music" title="BMG Music" class="mw-redirect">BMG Music</a> for Bertelsmann Music Group.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> BMG brought back the lightning bolt logo that was last used in 1968 to make clear that RCA Records was no longer co-owned with the other RCA entities which GE sold or closed. The only RCA unit GE kept was the <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">National Broadcasting Company</a>. BMG also revived the "RCA Victor" label for musical genres outside of country, pop and rock music. Many artists such as <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurythmics" title="Eurythmics">Eurythmics</a>, indie-popsters <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bongos" title="The Bongos">The Bongos</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grayson_Hugh" title="Grayson Hugh">Grayson Hugh</a> and <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick_Astley" title="Rick Astley">Rick Astley</a> recorded with RCA in the 1980s. Co-writer Marvin Walters worked closely with both artists producing hit songs such as "Set Me Free" for Rich and "Pretty Girl" for Pride.[<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] Walters left RCA when it sold its interest to BMG. <h3>1990s[<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA_Records&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 1990s">edit</a>]</h3> In the 1990s, RCA's corporate structure basically remained the same. Also, RCA had marked success in the contemporary jazz genres with artists such as <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Hargrove" title="Roy Hargrove">Roy Hargrove</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Roberts" title="Marcus Roberts">Marcus Roberts</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opafire" title="Opafire">Opafire</a> and <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Masekela" title="Hugh Masekela">Hugh Masekela</a>, as well as an explosion of urban talent, such as <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrese_Gibson" title="Tyrese Gibson">Tyrese</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWV" title="SWV">SWV</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chantay_Savage" title="Chantay Savage">Chantay Savage</a>, and others. Some of these artists, such as <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobb_Deep" title="Mobb Deep">Mobb Deep</a>, recorded for the RCA label via a distribution deal with <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loud_Records" title="Loud Records">Loud Records</a>, which remained distributed by RCA until 1999. Many of these artists have since left RCA for a number of reasons, such as <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWV" title="SWV">SWV</a>'s breakup and <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrese_Gibson" title="Tyrese Gibson">Tyrese</a>'s move to <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J_Records" title="J Records">J Records</a>. Also, artists of other genres, such as <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christina_Aguilera" title="Christina Aguilera">Christina Aguilera</a> and <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dave_Matthews_Band" title="The Dave Matthews Band" class="mw-redirect">The Dave Matthews Band</a> were launched by the RCA label in the '90s. The <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foo_Fighters" title="Foo Fighters">Foo Fighters</a> joined the label in 1999. RCA saw continued success with artists such as Christina Aguilera, the Dave Matthews Band, the Foo Fighters, and later <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Strokes" title="The Strokes">The Strokes</a>. New acts that signed to the label included <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kings_of_Leon" title="Kings of Leon">Kings of Leon</a> and various <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Idol" title="American Idol">American Idol</a> contestants such as <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly_Clarkson" title="Kelly Clarkson">Kelly Clarkson</a> and <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Cook_(singer)" title="David Cook (singer)">David Cook</a>. Early in the decade the label became part of the RCA Music Group which also included <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arista_Records" title="Arista Records">Arista Records</a> and <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J_Records" title="J Records">J Records</a>. The company was headed by <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clive_Davis" title="Clive Davis">Clive Davis</a> until April 2008. <h3>Merger[<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA_Records&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Merger">edit</a>]</h3> In 2004, BMG and Sony merged their music holdings into a joint venture called <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_BMG" title="Sony BMG">Sony BMG</a>. Because Sony Music was the successor to the old CBS record division, this merger meant that RCA Records, once owned by parent RCA, was now under the same umbrella as the label once owned by RCA's rival, the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia Records</a>. In 2006, Sony BMG merged its Broadway music labels, including RCA Victor, to the new <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masterworks_Broadway_Records" title="Masterworks Broadway Records" class="mw-redirect">Masterworks Broadway Records</a>. In 2008, Sony acquired Bertelsmann's interest in the record company which was officially renamed Sony Music Entertainment at the start of 2009. RCA became part of the newly formed <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA/Jive_Label_Group" title="RCA/Jive Label Group">RCA/Jive Label Group</a> (also known as RCA Records Group) as a result. <h3>2010s: Label integration[<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA_Records&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 2010s: Label integration">edit</a>]</h3> The early 2010s saw RCA as part of the <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA/Jive_Label_Group" title="RCA/Jive Label Group">RCA/Jive Label Group</a> which was headed by <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Weiss" title="Barry Weiss">Barry Weiss</a>. More recently, RCA has introduced <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesha" title="Kesha">Kesha</a> as one of its new artists on its roster. She has enjoyed widespread commercial success. Since 2011, RCA no longer signed contestants from <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Idol" title="American Idol">American Idol</a>, but the company continues to achieve great success with Idol alumni such as <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly_Clarkson" title="Kelly Clarkson">Kelly Clarkson</a> and <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daughtry_(band)" title="Daughtry (band)">Daughtry</a>. The RCA/Jive Label Group had been signing contestants from the show since it started in 2002 when the music group was still BMG. In 2011, Idol contestants signed to <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interscope-Geffen-A%26M" title="Interscope-Geffen-A&M" class="mw-redirect">Interscope-Geffen-A&M</a> Records of the <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Music_Group" title="Universal Music Group">Universal Music Group</a>. RCA Records was restructured in 2011 and took in artists from <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arista_Records" title="Arista Records">Arista</a> and <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J_Records" title="J Records">J Records</a> and multiple artists from <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jive_Records" title="Jive Records">Jive Records</a>, as those labels closed down.<a href="#cite_note-billboard1-16">[16]</a> The <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_Music_Group" title="RCA Music Group">RCA Music Group</a> was separated from the Jive Label Group in July 2011. Multiple Jive artists became part of a restructured <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_Records" title="Epic Records">Epic Records</a> as Jive moved under the RCA Music Group. The RCA Music Group later continued its operations and contained "marquee" Jive acts such as <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britney_Spears" title="Britney Spears">Britney Spears</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy_Fleming" title="Lucy Fleming">Lucy Fleming</a> and <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pink_(singer)" title="Pink (singer)">Pink</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> In 2011, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Edge" title="Peter Edge">Peter Edge</a> became the new CEO of the RCA Music Group.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> RCA Records will start releasing all releases by RCA Music Group artists.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> In October 2011, the RCA Music Group shut down <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J_Records" title="J Records">J Records</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jive_Records" title="Jive Records">Jive Records</a> and <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arista_Records" title="Arista Records">Arista Records</a>. All artists moved under RCA Records, making it a standalone label under <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Music_Entertainment" title="Sony Music Entertainment">Sony Music</a>.<a href="#cite_note-billboard1-16">[16]</a> As of March 2013, RCA Records was home to 82 artists including Latin Pop sensation <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakira" title="Shakira">Shakira</a>.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> <h2>Broadway and Hollywood[<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA_Records&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Broadway and Hollywood">edit</a>]</h2> RCA has produced several notable Broadway cast albums as well, among them the original Broadway recordings of <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brigadoon_(musical)" title="Brigadoon (musical)" class="mw-redirect">Brigadoon</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paint_Your_Wagon_(musical)" title="Paint Your Wagon (musical)">Paint Your Wagon</a>, the <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Martin" title="Mary Martin">Mary Martin</a> <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Pan_(1954_musical)" title="Peter Pan (1954 musical)">Peter Pan</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damn_Yankees_(musical)" title="Damn Yankees (musical)" class="mw-redirect">Damn Yankees</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hello,_Dolly!_(musical)" title="Hello, Dolly! (musical)">Hello, Dolly!</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver!" title="Oliver!">Oliver!</a>, and <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiddler_on_the_Roof" title="Fiddler on the Roof">Fiddler on the Roof</a>. RCA has also recorded and released recordings of revival stagings of musicals. These include the musical productions staged at <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Center" title="Lincoln Center" class="mw-redirect">Lincoln Center</a>, such as the 1966 revivals of <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Show_Boat" title="Show Boat">Show Boat</a> and <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie_Get_Your_Gun_(musical)" title="Annie Get Your Gun (musical)">Annie Get Your Gun</a>, the 1987 revival of <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anything_Goes" title="Anything Goes">Anything Goes</a> and the 1998 Broadway revivals of <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabaret_(musical)" title="Cabaret (musical)">Cabaret</a> and <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sound_of_Music" title="The Sound of Music">The Sound of Music</a>. <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Call_Me_Madam" title="Call Me Madam">Call Me Madam</a> was recorded by RCA Victor with all of its original cast except for its star <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethel_Merman" title="Ethel Merman">Ethel Merman</a>, who, due to contractual obligations, could not be released from her American <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decca_Records" title="Decca Records">Decca Records</a> contract. She was replaced on the RCA album by <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinah_Shore" title="Dinah Shore">Dinah Shore</a>. RCA was also responsible for the <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_soundtrack" title="Film soundtrack" class="mw-redirect">film soundtrack</a> albums of Damn Yankees, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Pacific_(1958_film)" title="South Pacific (1958 film)">South Pacific</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bye_Bye_Birdie_(film)" title="Bye Bye Birdie (film)">Bye Bye Birdie</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half_a_Sixpence_(film)" title="Half a Sixpence (film)">Half a Sixpence</a>, and <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sound_of_Music_(film)" title="The Sound of Music (film)">The Sound of Music</a>. The album made from the 1965 hit <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julie_Andrews" title="Julie Andrews">Julie Andrews</a> film was (and is) one of the best selling soundtracks of all time. The film soundtrack of <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver!_(film)" title="Oliver! (film)">Oliver!</a>, made by <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colgems_Records" title="Colgems Records">Colgems Records</a>, was distributed by RCA, which had released the Broadway cast album. RCA also released the original American cast album of <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hair_(musical)" title="Hair (musical)">Hair</a>. Similarly, RCA Victor also made several <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studio_recording" title="Studio recording">studio cast recording</a> albums, including a <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lerner_and_Loewe" title="Lerner and Loewe">Lerner and Loewe</a> series with <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Peerce" title="Jan Peerce">Jan Peerce</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Powell" title="Jane Powell">Jane Powell</a>, and <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Merrill" title="Robert Merrill">Robert Merrill</a>, as well as a 1963 album of excerpts from <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Gershwin" title="George Gershwin">George Gershwin</a>'s <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porgy_and_Bess" title="Porgy and Bess">Porgy and Bess</a>, with its 1952 revival leads, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leontyne_Price" title="Leontyne Price">Leontyne Price</a> and <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Warfield" title="William Warfield">William Warfield</a>, but a different supporting cast. They also issued two studio cast versions of Show Boat, one with Robert Merrill, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice_Munsel" title="Patrice Munsel">Patrice Munsel</a>, and <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rise_Stevens" title="Rise Stevens" class="mw-redirect">Rise Stevens</a> in 1956, and the other with <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Keel" title="Howard Keel">Howard Keel</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Jeffreys" title="Anne Jeffreys">Anne Jeffreys</a>, and <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gogi_Grant" title="Gogi Grant">Gogi Grant</a> in 1958. Unfortunately, contrary to the way the show is written, both of these Show Boat albums featured all-white casts, reflecting the era of racial segregation. All of these recordings are now under <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masterworks_Broadway_Records" title="Masterworks Broadway Records" class="mw-redirect">Masterworks Broadway Records</a>, which has remastered and reissued many of these albums. <h2>Spoken word albums[<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA_Records&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Spoken word albums">edit</a>]</h2> RCA Victor also issued several spoken word albums in the 1950s and 60s, notably the soundtracks of the films <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_III_(1955_film)" title="Richard III (1955 film)">Richard III</a>,<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Man_for_All_Seasons_(1966_film)" title="A Man for All Seasons (1966 film)">A Man for All Seasons</a> and <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Taming_of_the_Shrew_(1967_film)" title="The Taming of the Shrew (1967 film)">The Taming of the Shrew</a>,<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> as well as complete versions of the <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Theatre_of_Great_Britain" title="National Theatre of Great Britain" class="mw-redirect">National Theatre of Great Britain</a> stage productions of <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Othello" title="Othello">Othello</a> (starring <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a>) and <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Much_Ado_About_Nothing" title="Much Ado About Nothing">Much Ado About Nothing</a> (starring <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maggie_Smith" title="Maggie Smith">Maggie Smith</a>, who also played Desdemona in the Olivier Othello). None of these albums have appeared on compact disc, but the films of Richard III, A Man For All Seasons, The Taming of the Shrew and the Olivier Othello have all been issued on DVD. <h2>Criticisms and controversy[<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA_Records&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Criticisms and controversy">edit</a>]</h2> <h3><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumph_(band)" title="Triumph (band)">Triumph</a>[<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA_Records&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Triumph">edit</a>]</h3> Canadian rockers <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triumph_(band)" title="Triumph (band)">Triumph</a> claimed to be ignored by the label. When the band wanted to resign from their deal with RCA, the label refused. Afterwards, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MCA_Records" title="MCA Records">MCA Records</a> executive <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Azoff" title="Irving Azoff">Irving Azoff</a> co-opted their debts and bought the band out of their RCA contract and signed them for five albums. <h3><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly_Clarkson" title="Kelly Clarkson">Kelly Clarkson</a>[<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA_Records&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Kelly Clarkson">edit</a>]</h3> In 2007, reports said that many RCA workers, including mogul <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clive_Davis" title="Clive Davis">Clive Davis</a>, were unhappy with <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly_Clarkson" title="Kelly Clarkson">Kelly Clarkson</a>'s album <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_December" title="My December">My December</a>. Davis was even said to offer Clarkson $10 million to scrap five of her songs, but she refused. Months of controversy concluded with Clarkson's tour being rescheduled, My December becoming the lowest-selling album of her career, and Clarkson joining <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starstruck_Entertainment" title="Starstruck Entertainment" class="mw-redirect">Starstruck Entertainment</a>. In 2009, RCA persisted in releasing the <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_Tedder" title="Ryan Tedder">Ryan Tedder</a>-produced "<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Already_Gone_(Kelly_Clarkson_song)" title="Already Gone (Kelly Clarkson song)">Already Gone</a>" as the third single off Clarkson's album, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_I_Ever_Wanted_(album)" title="All I Ever Wanted (album)">All I Ever Wanted</a>, despite Clarkson objecting to this because of its similarities to another Tedder production: <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyonc%C3%A9_Knowles" title="Beyoncé Knowles" class="mw-redirect">Beyoncé</a>'s song, "<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halo_(Beyonc%C3%A9_Knowles_song)" title="Halo (Beyoncé Knowles song)" class="mw-redirect">Halo</a>". The press noted the similarities between the two songs. <h3><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avril_Lavigne" title="Avril Lavigne">Avril Lavigne</a>[<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA_Records&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Avril Lavigne">edit</a>]</h3> In November 2010, singer <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avril_Lavigne" title="Avril Lavigne">Avril Lavigne</a> explained the reason for the long delay of her fourth album, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodbye_Lullaby" title="Goodbye Lullaby">Goodbye Lullaby</a>, which she said was completed a year prior. She wrote to her fans stating she had "experienced a bunch of bureaucratic BS" prior to the label's belated decision to release it.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Disagreements between Lavigne and RCA resulted in the album's release date being pushed back several times until it finally came out in March 2011. In October 2011, Lavigne confirmed that she had left RCA Records for <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_Records" title="Epic Records">Epic Records</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <h3><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_Rogers" title="Kenny Rogers">Kenny Rogers</a>[<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA_Records&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Kenny Rogers">edit</a>]</h3> After singer <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenny_Rogers" title="Kenny Rogers">Kenny Rogers</a> left the label, RCA was accused of trying to ruin his career. Rogers signed to RCA in 1983 for an advance sum of $20 million (the largest deal ever in country music at that time) when Bob Summer<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> was head of the label. Shortly after Rogers' first album for RCA, Summer was fired (for unrelated reasons) by RCA. Deciding it would make the label look bad for firing Summer if Rogers continued to be a major success (his duet with <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolly_Parton" title="Dolly Parton">Dolly Parton</a>, "<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islands_in_the_Stream_(song)" title="Islands in the Stream (song)">Islands in the Stream</a>", had been one of the biggest hits of 1983), Rogers maintains in his autobiography that he received very little support from the label during the next several years he was with them. Although Rogers and RCA parted ways many years ago, the results of the conflict can still be seen today. In 1989, RCA removed all of Rogers' solo albums from its catalog soon after he returned to <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reprise_records" title="Reprise records" class="mw-redirect">Reprise</a>, where he had recorded when he was a rock artist with his former group, The First Edition. Rogers, in turn, reclaimed rights to those albums for himself as RCA refused to keep them, with only <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Christmas_(Kenny_Rogers_%26_Dolly_Parton_album)" title="Once Upon a Christmas (Kenny Rogers & Dolly Parton album)">Once Upon A Christmas</a> (a 1984 album of seasonal duets with Parton) remaining in print on RCA. Recent CD reissues of that album have omitted the tracks on which Rogers sang solo. <h3><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Sedaka" title="Neil Sedaka">Neil Sedaka</a>[<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA_Records&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Neil Sedaka">edit</a>]</h3> Neil Sedaka first became a star with RCA Victor in 1958 and was on the label until the end of 1966. The company contributed to his mid-1960s decline by refusing to release his version of "<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It_Hurts_To_Be_In_Love" title="It Hurts To Be In Love" class="mw-redirect">It Hurts To Be In Love</a>" in 1964, because it was not recorded in their studios as stipulated by his contract. His attempts to replicate the song in their studios were unsuccessful. Ultimately, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musicor_Records" title="Musicor Records">Musicor</a>'s <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_Pitney" title="Gene Pitney">Gene Pitney</a> picked it up and turned "It Hurts To Be In Love" into a #7-ranked hit for himself and his label. The loss of this song, combined with the <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Invasion" title="British Invasion">British Invasion</a> and RCA's disinterest in promoting him, hastened his decline in popularity and led to his contract expiring without renewal at the end of 1966. Sedaka would rejoin the label briefly in 1971–1972 for his <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergence" title="Emergence">Emergence</a> and <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solitaire" title="Solitaire" class="mw-redirect">Solitaire</a> albums, but despite the efforts of his friend <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Kirshner" title="Don Kirshner">Don Kirshner</a>, RCA did not promote either of these albums extensively. Sedaka would later revive his career in the 1970s with <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polydor_Records" title="Polydor Records">Polydor Records</a> and <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_Records" title="Rocket Records" class="mw-redirect">Rocket Records</a>. RCA, seeking to capitalize on his new fame, began releasing assorted repackaging of his old hits on their family of labels. RCA and Sedaka have been at odds for decades over ownership rights over Sedaka's original master tapes from his late 1950s/early 1960s hits. This has forced Sedaka to re-record his old hits and make them sound as close and authentic to the originals as possible.[<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <h3>Other notable events[<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA_Records&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Other notable events">edit</a>]</h3> RCA Victor decided to demolish their <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camden,_New_Jersey" title="Camden, New Jersey">Camden</a> warehouse in the early 1960s.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> This warehouse held four floors' worth of catalog and vault masters (most of them were pre-tape wax and metal discs), test pressings, lacquer discs, matrix ledgers, and rehearsal recordings. A few days before the demolition took place, some collectors from the US and Europe were allowed to go through the warehouse and salvage whatever they could carry with them for their personal collections. Soon after, collectors and RCA Records officials watched from a nearby bridge as the warehouse was demolished, with many studio masters still intact in the building. The remnants were bulldozed into the Delaware River and a pier was built on top of them. In 1973, when the company decided to release all of <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachmaninoff" title="Rachmaninoff" class="mw-redirect">Rachmaninoff</a>'s recordings on LPs (to celebrate the centennial of the composer's birth), RCA was forced to go to record collectors for materials, as documented by Time. In the early 1920s, Victor was slow about getting deeply involved in recording and marketing black jazz and vocal blues. By the mid to late 1920s, Victor had signed <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jelly_Roll_Morton" title="Jelly Roll Morton">Jelly Roll Morton</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bennie_Moten" title="Bennie Moten">Bennie Moten</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Ellington" title="Duke Ellington">Duke Ellington</a> and other black bands and were becoming very competitive with Columbia and Brunswick, even starting their own V-38000 "Hot Dance" series that was marketed to all Victor dealers. They also had a V-38500 "race" series, a 23000 'hot dance' continuation of the V-38000 series, as well as a 23200 'Race' series with blues, gospel and some hard jazz. However, throughout the 1930s, Victor's involvement in jazz and blues slowed down and by the time of the musicians' strike and the end of the war, Victor was neglecting the R&B (race) scene, which is one of the reasons so many independent companies sprang up so successfully. In the 1970s, the label let much of its catalog go out of print. This pattern affected its jazz catalog most greatly, followed by its classical music catalog. In the <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">compact disc</a> era a small proportion of its jazz catalog has been reissued. (For example, Jelly Roll Morton albums were reissued; but they were removed from circulation in less than ten years.) Similarly, only a fraction of its vast classical catalog has remained available on compact disc. <h2>Other RCA labels[<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA_Records&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Other RCA labels">edit</a>]</h2> <ul> <li>RCA Records (UK): A division of <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Music_Entertainment" title="Sony Music Entertainment">Sony Music UK</a>, since 2006, which acts as an import label of American and multinational <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Music" title="Sony Music" class="mw-redirect">Sony Music</a> artists, and also signs UK and Irish artists, including <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paloma_Faith" title="Paloma Faith">Paloma Faith</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everything_Everything" title="Everything Everything">Everything Everything</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Mvula" title="Laura Mvula">Laura Mvula</a>, and <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodaline" title="Kodaline">Kodaline</a>.</li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_Red_Seal_Records" title="RCA Red Seal Records">RCA Red Seal Records</a>: The prestigious RCA Red Seal <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Classical_Music" title="European Classical Music" class="mw-redirect">classical music</a> label is now part of <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Masterworks" title="Sony Masterworks">Sony Masterworks</a>.</li> <li>RCA Records (France): A division of <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Music_Entertainment" title="Sony Music Entertainment">Sony Music France</a>. Founded as RCA Cinematre in 1978. Renamed to its current name in 2006.</li> <li>RCA Records (Italy): A division of <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Music_Entertainment" title="Sony Music Entertainment">Sony Music Italy</a>. Founded as RCA Italiana in 1949. It went bankrupt in 1987 and was bought by BMG. Reactivated in 2006.</li> <li>RCA Victor: The former name of RCA Records that currently distributes electronic, rock and soundtrack albums, such as <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sound_of_Music_(soundtrack)" title="The Sound of Music (soundtrack)">The Sound of Music</a> soundtrack, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jose_Feliciano" title="Jose Feliciano" class="mw-redirect">Jose Feliciano</a>'s <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feliz_Navidad_(Jos%C3%A9_Feliciano_album)" title="Feliz Navidad (José Feliciano album)">Feliz Navidad</a>, the European release of <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fashion_(album)" title="The Fashion (album)">The Fashion</a> by <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fashion" title="The Fashion">The Fashion</a>, American releases of albums by <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imogen_Heap" title="Imogen Heap">Imogen Heap</a>, a handful of albums by <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a>, and other classic albums.</li> <li>RCA Records (Australia): A division of <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Music_Entertainment" title="Sony Music Entertainment">Sony Music Australia</a>. Founded in 1963 for Australian artists. Renamed to RCA Limited Australia and New Zealand in 1976 for Australian & New Zealand artists. Renamed to its current name in 2006.</li> </ul> <h2>Previous labels[<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA_Records&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Previous labels">edit</a>]</h2> <ul> <li>RCA Victor Label Group: The RCA Victor label group consisted of the RCA Victor, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windham_Hill_Records" title="Windham Hill Records">Windham Hill</a> and <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluebird_Records" title="Bluebird Records">Bluebird</a> labels.</li> <li>RCA distributed labels: <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colgems_Records" title="Colgems Records">Colgems</a>, Calendar/Kirshner, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chelsea_(record_label)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chelsea (record label) (page does not exist)">Chelsea</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grunt_Records" title="Grunt Records">Grunt Records</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windstar_Records" title="Windstar Records">Windstar</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midland_International_Records" title="Midland International Records">Midland International</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wooden_Nickel_Records" title="Wooden Nickel Records">Wooden Nickel</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millennium_Records" title="Millennium Records">Millennium</a> and Tortoise International Records (Detroit)<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></li> <li>Black Seal Music: A short-lived imprint of RCA Records that released indie rock music. Artists who recorded on Black Seal are <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Hammond,_Jr." title="Albert Hammond, Jr.">Albert Hammond, Jr.</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audrye_Sessions" title="Audrye Sessions">Audrye Sessions</a>, <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cory_Chisel_and_The_Wandering_Sons" title="Cory Chisel and The Wandering Sons">Cory Chisel and The Wandering Sons</a> and The Union Line.</li> </ul> <h2>Executives[<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA_Records&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Executives">edit</a>]</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Edge" title="Peter Edge">Peter Edge</a>: Chairman & CEO</li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Corson" title="Tom Corson">Tom Corson</a>: President & COO</li> </ul> <h2>See also[<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA_Records&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_RCA_Records_artists" title="List of RCA Records artists">List of RCA Records artists</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_Red_Seal" title="RCA Red Seal" class="mw-redirect">RCA Red Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_Records_Nashville" title="RCA Records Nashville">RCA Records Nashville</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_Studio_B" title="RCA Studio B">RCA Studio B</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_record_labels" title="List of record labels">List of record labels</a></li> </ul> <h2>References[<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA_Records&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</h2> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326025814/http://books.google.com/books?id=9woEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA66&dq=%22rca+custom%22#v=onepage&q=%22rca%20custom%22&f=false">The Billboard</a>. May 5, 1958. p. 66. Retrieved 2012-01-08.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA+Records&rft.btitle=The+Billboard&rft.date=May+5%2C+1958&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9woEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA66%26dq%3D%2522rca%2Bcustom%2522%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522rca%2520custom%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft.pages=66&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jones-2"><a href="#cite_ref-Jones_2-0">^</a> Jones. Andrew F. [2001] (2001). Yellow Music – CL: Media Culture and Colonial Modernity in the Chinese Jazz Age. Duke University Press. <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0822326949" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8223-2694-9</a></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> Penndorf, Ron. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326025814/http://ronpenndorf.com/labelography4.html">"RCA Victor Red Seal Labelography (19501976)"</a>. RECOLLECTIONS: Fine Vintage LPs and Journal of Recorded Music. Retrieved 2012-01-08.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA+Records&rft.atitle=RCA+Victor+Red+Seal+Labelography+%2819501976%29&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft.aulast=Penndorf&rft.au=Penndorf%2C+Ron&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fronpenndorf.com%2Flabelography4.html&rft.jtitle=RECOLLECTIONS%3A+Fine+Vintage+LPs+and+Journal+of+Recorded+Music&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Carson, B.H. et al. (1949) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326025814/http://www.aes.org/aeshc/docs/recording.technology.history/speed45.html">"A Record Changer and Record of Complementary Design",</a> RCA Review, June 1949, as reprinted by the Audio Engineering Society (retrieved 5 January 2013)</li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> Wallerstein, Edward. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326025814/http://www.musicinthemail.com/audiohistoryLP.html">"LPs historic"</a>. Musicinthemail.com. Retrieved 2012-01-08.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA+Records&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.aulast=Wallerstein&rft.au=Wallerstein%2C+Edward&rft.btitle=LPs+historic&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musicinthemail.com%2FaudiohistoryLP.html&rft.pub=Musicinthemail.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326025814/http://books.google.com/books?id=BUUEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA11&dq=%22diskery+goes+33+in+march%22#v=onepage&q=%22diskery%20goes%2033%20in%20march%22&f=false">"Diskery Goes 33 in March To Service Entire Market; 45 Promotion in High Gear"</a>. <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a>. 7 January 1950. Retrieved 8 January 2012.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA+Records&rft.atitle=Diskery+Goes+33+in+March+To+Service+Entire+Market%3B+45+Promotion+in+High+Gear&rft.date=7+January+1950&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBUUEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA11%26dq%3D%2522diskery%2Bgoes%2B33%2Bin%2Bmarch%2522%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522diskery%2520goes%252033%2520in%2520march%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> Marion, JC (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326025814/http://home.earthlink.net/~v1tiger/labelX.html">"Label "X""</a>. Jamm Upp 2 (36).<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA+Records&rft.atitle=Label+%22X%22&rft.aufirst=JC&rft.aulast=Marion&rft.au=Marion%2C+JC&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhome.earthlink.net%2F~v1tiger%2FlabelX.html&rft.issue=36&rft.jtitle=Jamm+Upp&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=2" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> The History of Living Stereo, RCA Victor liner notes</li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> Hough, Clint. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326025814/http://www.sixtiescity.com/60trivia/60trivia.shtm">"Bringing on back the good times"</a>. Sixties City. Retrieved 2012-01-08.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA+Records&rft.aufirst=Clint&rft.au=Hough%2C+Clint&rft.aulast=Hough&rft.btitle=Bringing+on+back+the+good+times&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sixtiescity.com%2F60trivia%2F60trivia.shtm&rft.pub=Sixties+City&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326025814/http://www.ipo.gov.uk/tm/t-find/t-find-number?detailsrequested=H&trademark=325592">"Trade Mark Details as at 13 November 2012: Case details for Trade Mark 325592"</a>. United Kingdom Intellectual Property Office. 2009-09-07. Retrieved 13 November 2012.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA+Records&rft.btitle=Trade+Mark+Details+as+at+13+November+2012%3A+Case+details+for+Trade+Mark+325592&rft.date=2009-09-07&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipo.gov.uk%2Ftm%2Ft-find%2Ft-find-number%3Fdetailsrequested%3DH%26trademark%3D325592&rft.pub=United+Kingdom+Intellectual+Property+Office&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326025814/http://books.google.com/books?id=TSgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA2&dq=%22british+rca+to+cut+decca%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=QIxfVP_xNYyfyASfxICQAQ&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22british%20rca%20to%20cut%20decca%22&f=false">http://books.google.com/books?id=TSgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA2&dq=%22british+rca+to+cut+decca%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=QIxfVP_xNYyfyASfxICQAQ&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22british%20rca%20to%20cut%20decca%22&f=false</a></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326025814/http://www.megocollector.com/elvis-presley/33-rpm-7-elvis-presley/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-compact-33-record/">"The Rise and Fall of the Compact 33 Record"</a>. Megocollector.com. December 18, 2009. Retrieved 2012-01-08.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA+Records&rft.btitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+Compact+33+Record&rft.date=December+18%2C+2009&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.megocollector.com%2Felvis-presley%2F33-rpm-7-elvis-presley%2Fthe-rise-and-fall-of-the-compact-33-record%2F&rft.pub=Megocollector.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326025814/http://audiophilereview.com/audiophile-music/nilsson-the-rca-albums-collection---say-buh-bye-dynaflex-lps.html">http://audiophilereview.com/audiophile-music/nilsson-the-rca-albums-collection---say-buh-bye-dynaflex-lps.html</a></li> <li id="cite_note-bertelsmann.com-14"><a href="#cite_ref-bertelsmann.com_14-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326025814/http://www.bertelsmann.com/bertelsmann_corp/wms41/customers/bmcorp/pdf/RCA_-_Now_Elvis_rocked_for_Bertelsmann__too.pdf">RCA: Now Elvis rocked for Bertelsmann, too</a>, Bertelsmann Worldwide Media<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA+Records&rft.btitle=RCA%3A+Now+Elvis+rocked+for+Bertelsmann%2C+too&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bertelsmann.com%2Fbertelsmann_corp%2Fwms41%2Fcustomers%2Fbmcorp%2Fpdf%2FRCA_-_Now_Elvis_rocked_for_Bertelsmann__too.pdf&rft.pub=Bertelsmann+Worldwide+Media&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> Hennessey, Mike (1986-09-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326025814/http://books.google.com/books?id=ayQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PP1&dq=%22rca+records%22+%2B+%22general+electric%22#v=onepage&q=%22rca%20records%22%20%2B%20%22general%20electric%22&f=false">"RCA Deal Gives Bertelsmann Multinational Label Ranking"</a>. Billboard (Nielsen Business Media, Inc.) 98 (3B). Retrieved 2012-01-08.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA+Records&rft.atitle=RCA+Deal+Gives+Bertelsmann+Multinational+Label+Ranking&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft.au=Hennessey%2C+Mike&rft.aulast=Hennessey&rft.date=1986-09-20&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DayQEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPP1%26dq%3D%2522rca%2Brecords%2522%2B%252B%2B%2522general%2Belectric%2522%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522rca%2520records%2522%2520%252B%2520%2522general%2520electric%2522%26f%3Dfalse&rft.issue=3B&rft.jtitle=Billboard&rft.pub=Nielsen+Business+Media%2C+Inc.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=98" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-billboard1-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-billboard1_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-billboard1_16-1">b</a> Halperin, Shirley (2011-10-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326025814/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/industry/record-labels/rca-s-peter-edge-tom-corson-on-the-shuttering-1005394732.story">"RCA's Peter Edge, Tom Corson on the Shuttering of Jive, J and Arista"</a>. Billboard.biz. Retrieved 2012-01-08.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA+Records&rft.aufirst=Shirley&rft.au=Halperin%2C+Shirley&rft.aulast=Halperin&rft.btitle=RCA%27s+Peter+Edge%2C+Tom+Corson+on+the+Shuttering+of+Jive%2C+J+and+Arista&rft.date=2011-10-07&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.biz%2Fbbbiz%2Findustry%2Frecord-labels%2Frca-s-peter-edge-tom-corson-on-the-shuttering-1005394732.story&rft.pub=Billboard.biz&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> Halperin, Shirley (2011-06-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326025814/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/industry/record-labels/l-a-reid-to-run-restructured-epic-records-1005237912.story">"L.A. Reid to Run Restructured Epic Records"</a>. Billboard.biz. Retrieved 2012-01-08.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA+Records&rft.aufirst=Shirley&rft.au=Halperin%2C+Shirley&rft.aulast=Halperin&rft.btitle=L.A.+Reid+to+Run+Restructured+Epic+Records&rft.date=2011-06-15&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.biz%2Fbbbiz%2Findustry%2Frecord-labels%2Fl-a-reid-to-run-restructured-epic-records-1005237912.story&rft.pub=Billboard.biz&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> Watson, Aleta (2011-06-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326025814/http://www.singersroom.com/news/7256/Britney-Spears-Cuts-Ties-with-Longtime-Record-Label-JIVE-Records">"Britney Spears Cuts Ties with Longtime Record Label, JIVE Records"</a>. Singersroom.com. Retrieved 2012-01-08.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA+Records&rft.aufirst=Aleta&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.au=Watson%2C+Aleta&rft.btitle=Britney+Spears+Cuts+Ties+with+Longtime+Record+Label%2C+JIVE+Records&rft.date=2011-06-28&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.singersroom.com%2Fnews%2F7256%2FBritney-Spears-Cuts-Ties-with-Longtime-Record-Label-JIVE-Records&rft.pub=Singersroom.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> Halperin, Shirley (2011-07-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326025814/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/industry/record-labels/l-a-reid-s-first-week-at-epic-has-some-staffers-1005272002.story">"L.A. Reid's First Week at Epic Has Some Staffers Feeling 'Energized'"</a>. Billboard.biz. Retrieved 2012-01-08.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA+Records&rft.aufirst=Shirley&rft.au=Halperin%2C+Shirley&rft.aulast=Halperin&rft.btitle=L.A.+Reid%27s+First+Week+at+Epic+Has+Some+Staffers+Feeling+%27Energized%27&rft.date=2011-07-12&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.biz%2Fbbbiz%2Findustry%2Frecord-labels%2Fl-a-reid-s-first-week-at-epic-has-some-staffers-1005272002.story&rft.pub=Billboard.biz&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> Billboard staff (2011-08-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326025814/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/industry/record-labels/peter-edge-appointed-ceo-of-rca-music-group-1005307972.story">"Peter Edge Appointed CEO of RCA Music Group"</a>. Billboard.biz. Retrieved 2012-01-08.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA+Records&rft.au=Billboard+staff&rft.aulast=Billboard+staff&rft.btitle=Peter+Edge+Appointed+CEO+of+RCA+Music+Group&rft.date=2011-08-08&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.biz%2Fbbbiz%2Findustry%2Frecord-labels%2Fpeter-edge-appointed-ceo-of-rca-music-group-1005307972.story&rft.pub=Billboard.biz&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> Christman, Ed (2011-08-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326025814/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/industry/record-labels/rca-s-new-executive-team-named-under-ceo-1005324782.story">"RCA's New Executive Team Named Under CEO Peter Edge Amid Layoffs (Update)"</a>. New York: Billboard.biz. Retrieved 2012-01-08.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA+Records&rft.au=Christman%2C+Ed&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft.aulast=Christman&rft.btitle=RCA%27s+New+Executive+Team+Named+Under+CEO+Peter+Edge+Amid+Layoffs+%28Update%29&rft.date=2011-08-23&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.biz%2Fbbbiz%2Findustry%2Frecord-labels%2Frca-s-new-executive-team-named-under-ceo-1005324782.story&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Billboard.biz&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326025814/http://www.fmqb.com/article.asp?id=2268707">"Unveiling The New Look RCA Records"</a>. FMQB (Friday Morning Quarterback Album Report, Inc.). August 23, 2011. Retrieved 2012-01-08.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA+Records&rft.btitle=Unveiling+The+New+Look+RCA+Records&rft.date=August+23%2C+2011&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fmqb.com%2Farticle.asp%3Fid%3D2268707&rft.pub=FMQB+%28Friday+Morning+Quarterback+Album+Report%2C+Inc.%29&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326025814/http://www.rcarecords.com/artists">"Artists"</a>. RCA Music Group Artists | The Official RCA Records Site. Sony Music Entertainment. Retrieved 2012-01-08.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA+Records&rft.atitle=Artists&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rcarecords.com%2Fartists&rft.jtitle=RCA+Music+Group+Artists+%26%23124%3B+The+Official+RCA+Records+Site&rft.pub=Sony+Music+Entertainment&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326025814/http://www.soundtrackcollector.com/catalog/soundtrackdetail.php?movieid=37444">"Richard III (1955) - Soundtrack details"</a>. SoundtrackCollector.com. 2007-05-13. Retrieved 2012-01-08.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA+Records&rft.btitle=Richard+III+%281955%29+-+Soundtrack+details&rft.date=2007-05-13&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soundtrackcollector.com%2Fcatalog%2Fsoundtrackdetail.php%3Fmovieid%3D37444&rft.pub=SoundtrackCollector.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326025814/http://cd.ciao.co.uk/Taming_Of_The_Shrew_The_Various_Artists__5870576">"Taming Of The Shrew, The  – Various Artists : Read reviews and compare prices at Ciao.co.uk"</a>. Cd.ciao.co.uk. 1999-07-26. Retrieved 2012-06-08.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA+Records&rft.btitle=Taming+Of+The+Shrew%2C+The+%26nbsp%3B%E2%80%93+Various+Artists+%3A+Read+reviews+and+compare+prices+at+Ciao.co.uk&rft.date=1999-07-26&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcd.ciao.co.uk%2FTaming_Of_The_Shrew_The_Various_Artists__5870576&rft.pub=Cd.ciao.co.uk&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326025814/http://www.avrillavigne.com/?p=120">"The Official Avril Lavigne Site"</a>. Avril Lavigne. Retrieved 2012-01-08.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA+Records&rft.btitle=The+Official+Avril+Lavigne+Site&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.avrillavigne.com%2F%3Fp%3D120&rft.pub=Avril+Lavigne&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326025814/http://www.925thebeat.ca/audioplayer.php?mp3=113406">"Audio Player"</a> (MP3 (audio)). 92.5 THE BEAT Montreal's Best Music Variety Radio Station. Retrieved 2012-01-08.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA+Records&rft.btitle=Audio+Player&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.925thebeat.ca%2Faudioplayer.php%3Fmp3%3D113406&rft.pub=92.5+THE+BEAT+Montreal%27s+Best+Music+Variety+Radio+Station&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Halperin, Shirley (2011-11-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326025814/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/industry/record-labels/avril-lavigne-shifts-to-epic-records-reunites-1005540152.story">"Avril Lavigne Shifts to Epic Records, Reunites With L.A. Reid"</a>. Billboard.biz. Retrieved 2012-01-08.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA+Records&rft.aufirst=Shirley&rft.au=Halperin%2C+Shirley&rft.aulast=Halperin&rft.btitle=Avril+Lavigne+Shifts+to+Epic+Records%2C+Reunites+With+L.A.+Reid&rft.date=2011-11-17&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.biz%2Fbbbiz%2Findustry%2Frecord-labels%2Favril-lavigne-shifts-to-epic-records-reunites-1005540152.story&rft.pub=Billboard.biz&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326025814/http://www.music.cmu.edu/events/266">http://www.music.cmu.edu/events/266</a></li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326025814/http://rateyourmusic.com/label/rca_victor">"Label: RCA Victor"</a>. RateyourMusic.com.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA+Records&rft.btitle=Label%3A+RCA+Victor&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frateyourmusic.com%2Flabel%2Frca_victor&rft.pub=RateyourMusic.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326025814/http://www.discogs.com/label/Tortoise+International">"Tortoise International Records"</a>. Discogs.com. Retrieved 2011-12-29.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA+Records&rft.btitle=Tortoise+International+Records&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.discogs.com%2Flabel%2FTortoise%2BInternational&rft.pub=Discogs.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol> </div> <h2>Further reading[<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA_Records&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</h2> <ul> <li>Bryan, Martin F. Report to the Phonothèque Québécoise on the Search for Archival Documents of Berliner Gram-O-Phone Co., Victor Talking Machine Co., R.C.A. Victor Co. (Montréal), 1899-1972. Further augmented ed. Montréal: Phonothèque Québécoise, 1994. 19, [1] p.</li> </ul> <h2>External links[<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RCA_Records&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</h2> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326025814/http://www.rcarecords.com/">Official RCA Records website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326025814/http://www.rcalabelgroup.co.uk/">Official RCA Label Group UK website</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berliner_Gramophone" title="Berliner Gramophone">Berliner Gramophone</a> Company, whose Canadian operation became RCA Victor of Canada</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326025814/http://www.crazedhits.com/interview-bob-jamieson/">Video Interview with Bob Jamieson, former CEO & Chairman of RCA</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA+Records&rft.btitle=Video+Interview+with+Bob+Jamieson%2C+former+CEO+%26+Chairman+of+RCA&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crazedhits.com%2Finterview-bob-jamieson%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> [<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>]</li> <li>Plante, Robert (2003–2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326025814/http://forbiddeneye.com/labels/rcavictor.html">"RCA Victor Discography"</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA+Records&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.aulast=Plante&rft.au=Plante%2C+Robert&rft.btitle=RCA+Victor+Discography&rft.date=2003-2010&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fforbiddeneye.com%2Flabels%2Frcavictor.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326025814/http://www.hitquarters.com/index.php3?page=search.php3&artistsearch=&relation=+&genre=+&country=+&freesearch=RCA+Records&search.x=0&search.y=0">"RCA A&R team contact list"</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA+Records&rft.btitle=RCA+A%26R+team+contact+list&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hitquarters.com%2Findex.php3%3Fpage%3Dsearch.php3%26artistsearch%3D%26relation%3D%2B%26genre%3D%2B%26country%3D%2B%26freesearch%3DRCA%2BRecords%26search.x%3D0%26search.y%3D0&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li>William J. Ganz (1942). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326025814/http://www.archive.org/details/CommandP1942">Internet Archive: Command Performance (1942) - How RCA records are made, narrated by Milton Cross</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA+Records&rft.aulast=William+J.+Ganz&rft.au=William+J.+Ganz&rft.btitle=Internet+Archive%3A+Command+Performance+%281942%29+-+How+RCA+records+are+made%2C+narrated+by+Milton+Cross&rft.date=1942&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archive.org%2Fdetails%2FCommandP1942&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326025814/http://www.thevictorlofts.com/building-overview/">"Building Overview : Landmark living on the Camden Waterfront"</a>. The Victor.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA+Records&rft.btitle=Building+Overview+%3A++Landmark+living+on+the+Camden+Waterfront&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thevictorlofts.com%2Fbuilding-overview%2F&rft.pub=The+Victor&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150326025814/http://heroinc.0catch.com/rca/">"History of RCA Victor record label designs"</a>.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARCA+Records&rft.btitle=History+of+RCA+Victor+record+label+designs&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fheroinc.0catch.com%2Frca%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> </ul> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px"> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Sony_Corp" title="Template:Sony Corp">v</a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Sony_Corp" title="Template talk:Sony Corp">t</a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Sony_Corp&action=edit">e</a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a></div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Primary businesses</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony Corporation</a> (<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronics" title="Electronics">electronics</a> & holding of the Sony group)</li> <li>Sony Entertainment <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Pictures_Entertainment" title="Sony Pictures Entertainment">Sony Pictures Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Music_Entertainment" title="Sony Music Entertainment">Sony Music Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony/ATV_Music_Publishing" title="Sony/ATV Music Publishing">Sony/ATV Music Publishing</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Financial" title="Sony Financial">Sony Financial Holdings</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Life" title="Sony Life">Sony Life</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Bank" title="Sony Bank">Sony Bank</a></li> <li>Sony Assurance</li> <li>Sony Lifecare</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Sony_trademarks" title="List of Sony trademarks">Technologies and brands</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Alpha" title="Sony Alpha">Alpha</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betacam" title="Betacam">Betacam</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc" title="Blu-ray Disc">Blu-ray</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bravia_(brand)" title="Bravia (brand)">BRAVIA</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">CD</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_(microprocessor)" title="Cell (microprocessor)">Cell</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyber-shot" title="Cyber-shot">Cyber-shot</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Dash" title="Sony Dash">Dash</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Dream_Machine" title="Sony Dream Machine">Dream Machine</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FeliCa" title="FeliCa">FeliCa</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handycam" title="Handycam">Handycam</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDCAM" title="HDCAM">HDCAM/HDCAM-SR</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LocationFree_Player" title="LocationFree Player">LocationFree</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_Stick" title="Memory Stick">Memory Stick</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MiniDisc" title="MiniDisc">MiniDisc</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DV" title="DV">MiniDV</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mylo_(Sony)" title="Mylo (Sony)">mylo</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation" title="PlayStation">PlayStation</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Reader" title="Sony Reader">Reader</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S/PDIF" title="S/PDIF">S/PDIF</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Dynamic_Digital_Sound" title="Sony Dynamic Digital Sound">SDDS</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_X-tal_Reflective_Display" title="Silicon X-tal Reflective Display">SXRD</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Tablet" title="Sony Tablet">Sony Tablet</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TransferJet" title="TransferJet">TransferJet</a></li> <li>Triluminous Display</li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Media_Disc" title="Universal Media Disc">UMD</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaio" title="Vaio">Vaio</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8_mm_video_format" title="8 mm video format">Video8/Hi8/Digital8</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkman" title="Walkman">Walkman</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walkman#Mobile_phones" title="Walkman">Walkman Phones</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XDCAM" title="XDCAM">XDCAM</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Xperia" title="Sony Xperia">Xperia</a></li> <li>Xplōd</li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMZ-T1" title="HMZ-T1">HMZ-T1</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Historical products</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIBO" title="AIBO">AIBO</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CV-2000" title="CV-2000">CV-2000</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Audio_Tape" title="Digital Audio Tape">DAT</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betamax" title="Betamax">Betamax</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLI%C3%89" title="CLIÉ">Sony CLIÉ</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discman" title="Discman">Discman</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumbotron" title="Jumbotron">Jumbotron</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Lissa" title="Sony Lissa">Lissa</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Mavica" title="Sony Mavica">Mavica</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_NEWS" title="Sony NEWS">NEWS</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualia_(Sony)" title="Qualia (Sony)">Qualia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Rolly" title="Sony Rolly">Rolly</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TR-55" title="TR-55">TR-55</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinitron" title="Trinitron">Trinitron</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-matic" title="U-matic">U-matic</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Watchman" title="Sony Watchman">Watchman</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WEGA" title="WEGA">WEGA</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Electronics</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Electronics" title="Sony Electronics" class="mw-redirect">Sony Electronics</a> (US subsidiary)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Creative_Software" title="Sony Creative Software" class="mw-redirect">Sony Creative Software</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Mobile_Communications" title="Sony Mobile Communications">Sony Mobile Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Mobile_Display" title="Sony Mobile Display">Sony Mobile Display</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FeliCa" title="FeliCa">FeliCa Networks</a> <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_venture" title="Joint venture">JV</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Computer_Entertainment" title="Sony Computer Entertainment">Sony Computer Entertainment</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCE_Worldwide_Studios" title="SCE Worldwide Studios">SCE Worldwide Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaikai" title="Gaikai">Gaikai</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN_Systems" title="SN Systems">SN Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellius" title="Cellius">Cellius</a> (49%)</li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Music_Entertainment" title="Sony Music Entertainment">Sony Music</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia Records</a></li> <li>RCA Records</li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epic_Records" title="Epic Records">Epic Records</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony/ATV_Music_Publishing" title="Sony/ATV Music Publishing">Sony/ATV Music Publishing</a> (50%) <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMI_Music_Publishing" title="EMI Music Publishing">EMI Music Publishing</a> (19%)</li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Music_Nashville" title="Sony Music Nashville">Sony Music Nashville</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arista_Nashville" title="Arista Nashville">Arista Nashville</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_Records#Columbia_Nashville" title="Columbia Records">Columbia Nashville</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_Records_Nashville" title="RCA Records Nashville">RCA Records Nashville</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provident_Label_Group" title="Provident Label Group">Provident Label Group</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCA_Inspiration" title="RCA Inspiration">RCA Inspiration</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_Music" title="Ultra Music">Ultra Records</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Masterworks" title="Sony Masterworks">Sony Masterworks</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legacy_Recordings" title="Legacy Recordings">Legacy Recordings</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RED_Distribution" title="RED Distribution">RED Distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Butter_Records" title="Black Butter Records">Black Butter Records</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IODA" title="IODA">IODA</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemosabe_Records" title="Kemosabe Records">Kemosabe Records</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Orchard_(company)" title="The Orchard (company)">The Orchard</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robbins_Entertainment" title="Robbins Entertainment">Robbins Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syco_Music" title="Syco Music">Syco Music</a> (50%)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Music_Australia" title="Sony Music Australia">Sony Music Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Music_India" title="Sony Music India">Sony Music India</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Music_Entertainment_Japan" title="Sony Music Entertainment Japan">Sony Music Japan</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aniplex" title="Aniplex">Aniplex</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aniplex_of_America" title="Aniplex of America">Aniplex of America</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-1_Pictures" title="A-1 Pictures">A-1 Pictures</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Music_Latin" title="Sony Music Latin">Sony Music Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vevo" title="Vevo">Vevo</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_distribution" title="Digital distribution">Online distribution</a> <a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_delivery_network" title="Content delivery network">platforms</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Entertainment_Network" title="Sony Entertainment Network">Sony Entertainment Network</a> (<a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_Unlimited" title="Music Unlimited">Music Unlimited</a></li> <li><a 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title="Nobuyuki Idei">Nobuyuki Idei</a></li> <li>Yasuo Kuroki</li> <li>Kunimasa Suzuki</li> <li>Hiroki Totoki</li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Kutaragi" title="Ken Kutaragi">Ken Kutaragi</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Lynton" title="Michael Lynton">Michael Lynton</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akio_Morita" title="Akio Morita">Akio Morita</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norio_Ohga" title="Norio Ohga">Norio Ohga</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Pascal" title="Amy Pascal">Amy Pascal</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Stringer" title="Howard Stringer">Howard Stringer</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150326025814/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicole_Seligman" title="Nicole Seligman">Nicole Seligman</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr 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