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pressure gradient</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: threshold pressure gradient"> <meta name="keywords" content="threshold pressure gradient"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="threshold pressure gradient"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 5404</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: threshold pressure gradient</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5404</span> Study of the Responding Time for Low Permeability Reservoirs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Lei">G. Lei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20C.%20Dong"> P. C. Dong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X.%20Q.%20Cen"> X. Q. Cen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Y.%20Mo"> S. Y. Mo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the most significant parameters, describing the effect of water flooding in porous media, is flood-response time, and it is an important index in oilfield development. The responding time in low permeability reservoir is usually calculated by the method of stable state successive substitution neglecting the effect of medium deformation. Numerous studies show that the media deformation has an important impact on the development for low permeability reservoirs and can not be neglected. On the base of streamline tube model, we developed a method to interpret responding time with medium deformation factor. The results show that: the media deformation factor, threshold pressure gradient and well spacing have a significant effect on the flood response time. The greater the media deformation factor, threshold pressure gradient or well spacing is, the lower the flood response time is. The responding time of different streamlines varies. As the angle with the main streamline increases, the water flooding response time delays as a "parabola" shape. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20permeability" title="low permeability">low permeability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flood-response%20time" title=" flood-response time"> flood-response time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threshold%20pressure%20gradient" title=" threshold pressure gradient"> threshold pressure gradient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medium%20deformation" title=" medium deformation"> medium deformation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11166/study-of-the-responding-time-for-low-permeability-reservoirs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11166.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">499</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5403</span> The Impact of Temperature on the Threshold Capillary Pressure of Fine-Grained Shales </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Talal%20Al-Bazali">Talal Al-Bazali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Mohammad"> S. Mohammad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The threshold capillary pressure of shale caprocks is an important parameter in CO₂ storage modeling. A correct estimation of the threshold capillary pressure is not only essential for CO₂ storage modeling but also important to assess the overall economical and environmental impact of the design process. A standard step by step approach has to be used to measure the threshold capillary pressure of shale and non-wetting fluids at different temperatures. The objective of this work is to assess the impact of high temperature on the threshold capillary pressure of four different shales as they interacted with four different oil based muds, air, CO₂, N₂, and methane. This study shows that the threshold capillary pressure of shale and non-wetting fluid is highly impacted by temperature. An empirical correlation for the dependence of threshold capillary pressure on temperature when different shales interacted with oil based muds and gasses has been developed. This correlation shows that the threshold capillary pressure decreases exponentially as the temperature increases. In this correlation, an experimental constant (α) appears, and this constant may depend on the properties of shale and non-wetting fluid. The value for α factor was found to be higher for gasses than for oil based muds. This is consistent with our intuition since the interfacial tension for gasses is higher than those for oil based muds. The author believes that measured threshold capillary pressure at ambient temperature is misleading and could yield higher values than those encountered at in situ conditions. Therefore one must correct for the impact of temperature when measuring threshold capillary pressure of shale at ambient temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capillary%20pressure" title="capillary pressure">capillary pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shale" title=" shale"> shale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thresshold" title=" thresshold"> thresshold</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65146/the-impact-of-temperature-on-the-threshold-capillary-pressure-of-fine-grained-shales" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65146.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5402</span> Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Diaphragmatic Strength Following Coronary Revascularization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abeer%20Ahmed%20Abdelhamed"> Abeer Ahmed Abdelhamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are the most common complications observed and managed after abdominal or cardiothoracic surgery. Hypoxemia, atelectasis, pleural effusion, or diaphragmatic dysfunction, are often a source of morbidity in cardiac surgery patients, and are more common in patients receiving unilateral or bilateral internal mammary artery (IMT) grafts than patients receiving saphenous vein (SV) grafts alone. Purpose: The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of Threshold load inspiratory muscle training on pulmonary gas exchange and maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) in patient undergoing coronary revascularization. Subject: Thirty three male patients eligible for coronary revascularization were selected to participate in the study. Method: They were divided into two groups(17 patients in the intervention group and 16 patients in the control group), the interventional group received inspiratory muscle training at 30% of their maximum inspiratory pressure throughout the hospitalization period in addition to routine post operative care. Result: The results of this study showed a significant improvement on maximum inspiratory pressure(MIP), Arterial-alveolar pressure gradient (A-a gradient) and oxygen saturation in the intervention group. Conclusion: Inspiratory muscle training using threshold mode significantly improves maximum inspiratory pressure, pulmonary gas exchange tested by alveolar-arterial gradient and oxygen saturation in Patients undergoing coronary revascularization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coronary%20revascularization" title="coronary revascularization">coronary revascularization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inspiratory%20muscle%20training" title=" inspiratory muscle training"> inspiratory muscle training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20inspiratory%20pressure" title=" maximum inspiratory pressure"> maximum inspiratory pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulmonary%20gas%20exchange" title=" pulmonary gas exchange"> pulmonary gas exchange</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31159/effect-of-inspiratory-muscle-training-on-diaphragmatic-strength-following-coronary-revascularization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31159.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5401</span> Yield Onset of Thermo-Mechanical Loading of FGM Thick Walled Cylindrical Pressure Vessels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ansari%20Sadrabadi">S. Ansari Sadrabadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20H.%20Rahimi"> G. H. Rahimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, thick walled Cylindrical tanks or tubes made of functionally graded material under internal pressure and temperature gradient are studied. Material parameters have been considered as power functions. They play important role in the elastoplastic behavior of these materials. To clarify their role, different materials with different parameters have been used under temperature gradient. Finally, their effect and loading effect have been determined in first yield point. Also, the important role of temperature gradient was also shown. At the end the study has been results obtained from changes in the elastic modulus and yield stress. Also special attention is also given to the effects of this internal pressure and temperature gradient in the creation of tensile and compressive stresses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FGM" title="FGM">FGM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cylindrical%20pressure%20tubes" title=" cylindrical pressure tubes"> cylindrical pressure tubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20deformation%20theory" title=" small deformation theory"> small deformation theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield%20onset" title=" yield onset"> yield onset</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20loading" title=" thermal loading"> thermal loading</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10627/yield-onset-of-thermo-mechanical-loading-of-fgm-thick-walled-cylindrical-pressure-vessels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10627.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5400</span> High Viscous Oil–Water Flow: Experiments and CFD Simulations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Archibong-Eso">A. Archibong-Eso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Shi"> J. Shi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y%20Baba"> Y Baba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Alagbe"> S. Alagbe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Yan"> W. Yan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Yeung"> H. Yeung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study presents over 100 experiments conducted in a 25.4 mm internal diameter (ID) horizontal pipeline. Oil viscosity ranging from 3.5 Pa.s–5.0 Pa.s are used with superficial velocities of oil and water ranging from 0.06 to 0.55 m/s and 0.01 m/s to 1.0 m/s, respectively. Pressure gradient measurements and flow pattern observations are discussed. Numerical simulation of some flow conditions is performed using the commercial CFD code ANSYS Fluent® and the simulation results are compared with experimental results. Results indicate that CFD numerical simulation performed moderately well in predicting the flow configurations observed in this study while discrepancies were observed in the pressure gradient predictions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20patterns" title="flow patterns">flow patterns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plug" title="plug">plug</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20gradient" title=" pressure gradient"> pressure gradient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rivulet" title=" rivulet"> rivulet</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34208/high-viscous-oil-water-flow-experiments-and-cfd-simulations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34208.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">426</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5399</span> Effect of Adverse Pressure Gradient on a Fluctuating Velocity over the Co-Flow Jet Airfoil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morteza%20Mirhosseini">Morteza Mirhosseini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20B.%20Khoshnevis"> Amir B. Khoshnevis </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The boundary layer separation and new active flow control of a NACA 0025 airfoil were studied experimentally. This new flow control is sometimes known as a co-flow jet (cfj) airfoil. This paper presents the fluctuating velocity in a wall jet over the co-flow jet airfoil subjected to an adverse pressure gradient and a curved surface. In these results, the fluctuating velocity at the inner part increasing by increased the angle of attack up to 12<sup>o</sup> and this has due to the jet energized, while the angle of attack 20<sup>o</sup> has different. The airfoil cord based Reynolds number has 10<sup>5</sup>. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adverse%20pressure%20gradient" title="adverse pressure gradient">adverse pressure gradient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluctuating%20velocity" title=" fluctuating velocity"> fluctuating velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wall%20jet" title=" wall jet"> wall jet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-flow%20jet%20airfoil" title=" co-flow jet airfoil"> co-flow jet airfoil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37038/effect-of-adverse-pressure-gradient-on-a-fluctuating-velocity-over-the-co-flow-jet-airfoil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37038.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">492</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5398</span> Importance of Solubility and Bubble Pressure Models to Predict Pressure of Nitrified Oil Based Drilling Fluid in Dual Gradient Drilling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajjad%20Negahban">Sajjad Negahban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruihe%20Wang"> Ruihe Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baojiang%20Sun"> Baojiang Sun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gas-lift dual gradient drilling is a solution for deepwater drilling challenges. As well, Continuous development of drilling technology leads to increase employment of mineral oil based drilling fluids and synthetic-based drilling fluids, which have adequate characteristics such as: high rate of penetration, lubricity, shale inhibition and low toxicity. The paper discusses utilization of nitrified mineral oil base drilling for deepwater drilling and for more accurate prediction of pressure in DGD at marine riser, solubility and bubble pressure were considered in steady state hydraulic model. The Standing bubble pressure and solubility correlations, and two models which were acquired from experimental determination were applied in hydraulic model. The effect of the black oil correlations, and new solubility and bubble pressure models was evaluated on the PVT parameters such as oil formation volume factor, density, viscosity, volumetric flow rate. Eventually, the consequent simulated pressure profile due to these models was presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solubility" title="solubility">solubility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bubble%20pressure" title=" bubble pressure"> bubble pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas-lift%20dual%20gradient%20drilling" title=" gas-lift dual gradient drilling"> gas-lift dual gradient drilling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steady%20state%20hydraulic%20model" title=" steady state hydraulic model"> steady state hydraulic model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55577/importance-of-solubility-and-bubble-pressure-models-to-predict-pressure-of-nitrified-oil-based-drilling-fluid-in-dual-gradient-drilling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55577.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">275</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5397</span> Steady State Creep Behavior of Functionally Graded Thick Cylinder</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tejeet%20Singh">Tejeet Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harmanjit%20Singh"> Harmanjit Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Creep behavior of thick-walled functionally graded cylinder consisting of AlSiC and subjected to internal pressure and high temperature has been analyzed. The functional relationship between strain rate with stress can be described by the well-known threshold stress based creep law with a stress exponent of five. The effect of imposing non-linear particle gradient on the distribution of creep stresses in the thick-walled functionally graded composite cylinder has been investigated. The study revealed that for the assumed non-linear particle distribution, the radial stress decreases throughout the cylinder, whereas the tangential, axial and effective stresses have averaging effect. The strain rates in the functionally graded composite cylinder could be reduced to significant extent by employing non-linear gradient in the distribution of reinforcement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functionally%20graded%20material" title="functionally graded material">functionally graded material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure" title=" pressure"> pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steady%20state%20creep" title=" steady state creep"> steady state creep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thick-cylinder" title=" thick-cylinder"> thick-cylinder</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3831/steady-state-creep-behavior-of-functionally-graded-thick-cylinder" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3831.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">477</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5396</span> Movement of Metallic Inclusions in the Volume of Synthetic Diamonds at High Pressure and High Temperature in the Temperature Gradient Field</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20I.%20Yachevskaya">P. I. Yachevskaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Terentiev"> S. A. Terentiev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Kuznetsov"> M. S. Kuznetsov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Several synthetic HPHT diamonds with metal inclusions have been studied. To have possibility of investigate the movement and transformation of the inclusions in the volume of the diamond the samples parallele-piped like shape has been made out of diamond crystals. The calculated value of temperature gradient in the samples of diamond which was placed in high-pressure cell was about 5-10 grad/mm. Duration of the experiments was in range 2-16 hours. All samples were treated several times. It has been found that the volume (dimensions) of inclusions, temperature, temperature gradient and the crystallographic orientation of the samples in the temperature field affects the movement speed of inclusions. Maximum speed of inclusions’ movement reached a value 150 µm/h. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diamond" title="diamond">diamond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclusions" title=" inclusions"> inclusions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20gradient" title=" temperature gradient"> temperature gradient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HPHT" title=" HPHT"> HPHT</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19108/movement-of-metallic-inclusions-in-the-volume-of-synthetic-diamonds-at-high-pressure-and-high-temperature-in-the-temperature-gradient-field" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19108.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">510</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5395</span> Effect of Magnetic Field on Unsteady MHD Poiseuille Flow of a Third Grade Fluid Under Exponential Decaying Pressure Gradient with Ohmic Heating</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20W.%20Lawal">O. W. Lawal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20O.%20Ahmed"> L. O. Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20K.%20Ali"> Y. K. Ali </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The unsteady MHD Poiseuille flow of a third grade fluid between two parallel horizontal nonconducting porous plates is studied with heat transfer. The two plates are fixed but maintained at different constant temperature with the Joule and viscous dissipation taken into consideration. The fluid motion is produced by a sudden uniform exponential decaying pressure gradient and external uniform magnetic field that is perpendicular to the plates. The momentum and energy equations governing the flow are solved numerically using Maple program. The effects of magnetic field and third grade fluid parameters on velocity and temperature profile are examined through several graphs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exponential%20decaying%20pressure%20gradient" title="exponential decaying pressure gradient">exponential decaying pressure gradient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MHD%20flow" title=" MHD flow"> MHD flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Poiseuille%20flow" title=" Poiseuille flow"> Poiseuille flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=third%20grade%20fluid" title=" third grade fluid"> third grade fluid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30709/effect-of-magnetic-field-on-unsteady-mhd-poiseuille-flow-of-a-third-grade-fluid-under-exponential-decaying-pressure-gradient-with-ohmic-heating" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30709.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">483</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5394</span> An Experimental Study on the Effects of Aspect Ratio of a Rectangular Microchannel on the Two-Phase Frictional Pressure Drop</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20A.%20Louw%20Coetzee">J. A. Louw Coetzee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Josua%20P.%20Meyer"> Josua P. Meyer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The thermodynamic properties of different refrigerants in combination with the variation in geometrical properties (hydraulic diameter, aspect ratio, and inclination angle) of a rectangular microchannel determine the two-phase frictional pressure gradient. The effect of aspect ratio on frictional pressure drop had not been investigated enough during adiabatic two-phase flow and condensation in rectangular microchannels. This experimental study was concerned with measurement of the frictional pressure gradient in a rectangular microchannel, with hydraulic diameter of 900 μm. The aspect ratio of this microchannel was varied over a range that stretched from 0.3 to 3 in order to capture the effect of aspect ratio variation. A commonly used refrigerant, R134a, was used in the tests that spanned over a mass flux range of 100 to 1000 kg m-2 s-1 as well as the whole vapour quality range. This study formed part of a refrigerant condensation experiment and was therefore conducted at a saturation temperature of 40 °C. The study found that there was little influence of the aspect ratio on the frictional pressure drop at the test conditions. The data was compared to some of the well known micro- and macro-channel two-phase pressure drop correlations. Most of the separated flow correlations predicted the pressure drop data well at mass fluxes larger than 400 kg m-2 s-1 and vapour qualities above 0.2. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aspect%20ratio" title="aspect ratio">aspect ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microchannel" title=" microchannel"> microchannel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-phase" title=" two-phase"> two-phase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20gradient" title=" pressure gradient"> pressure gradient</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33001/an-experimental-study-on-the-effects-of-aspect-ratio-of-a-rectangular-microchannel-on-the-two-phase-frictional-pressure-drop" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33001.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5393</span> Prediction of Trailing-Edge Noise under Adverse-Pressure Gradient Effect</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Chen">Li Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For an aerofoil or hydrofoil in high Reynolds number flows, broadband noise is generated efficiently as the result of the turbulence convecting over the trailing edge. This noise can be related to the surface pressure fluctuations, which can be predicted by either CFD or empirical models. However, in reality, the aerofoil or hydrofoil often operates at an angle of attack. Under this situation, the flow is subjected to an Adverse-Pressure-Gradient (APG), and as a result, a flow separation may occur. This study is to assess trailing-edge noise models for such flows. In the present work, the trailing-edge noise from a 2D airfoil at 6 degree of angle of attach is investigated. Under this condition, the flow is experiencing a strong APG, and the flow separation occurs. The flow over the airfoil with a chord of 300 mm, equivalent to a Reynold Number 4x10⁵, is simulated using RANS with the SST k-ɛ turbulent model. The predicted surface pressure fluctuations are compared with the published experimental data and empirical models, and show a good agreement with the experimental data. The effect of the APG on the trailing edge noise is discussed, and the associated trailing edge noise is calculated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aero-acoustics" title="aero-acoustics">aero-acoustics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adverse-pressure%20gradient" title=" adverse-pressure gradient"> adverse-pressure gradient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title=" computational fluid dynamics"> computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trailing-edge%20noise" title=" trailing-edge noise"> trailing-edge noise</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65472/prediction-of-trailing-edge-noise-under-adverse-pressure-gradient-effect" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65472.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">336</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5392</span> Effectiveness of Dry Needling on Pain and Pressure Point Threshold in Cervicogenic Headache</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramesh%20Chandra%20Patra">Ramesh Chandra Patra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajay%20P.%20Gautam"> Ajay P. Gautam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patitapaban%20Mohanty"> Patitapaban Mohanty</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Headache disorders are one of the 10 most disabling conditions for men and women. Headache that originated from upper cervical spine and refereed to the one side of the head and/or face is known as cervicogenic headache (CH) which constitute15% to 20% among all the headaches. In our best knowledge manual therapy is often advocated for managing CH, but very little focus given on muscle system although it is a musculoskeletal disorder. In this study, 75 patients with CH were selected and divided into two groups Group A: Manual therapy and Group B: dry needling along with manual therapy group. Assessment was done using NPRS (0-10) for pain, wide spread pressure pain threshold using an algometer at the beginning and end of the study. There is a consistent reduction in pain and tenderness in both the group but significant improvement was shown in combined group. Outcome of the study has explored that the effectiveness of dry needling along with Mulligan is more beneficial in patients with cervicogenic headaches. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cervicogenic%20headaches" title="cervicogenic headaches">cervicogenic headaches</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry%20needling" title=" dry needling"> dry needling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NPRS" title=" NPRS"> NPRS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20point%20threshold" title=" pressure point threshold"> pressure point threshold</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77128/effectiveness-of-dry-needling-on-pain-and-pressure-point-threshold-in-cervicogenic-headache" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77128.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">229</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5391</span> Pore Pressure and In-situ Stress Magnitudes with Image Log Processing and Geological Interpretation in the Haoud Berkaoui Hydrocarbon Field, Northeastern Algerian Sahara</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafik%20Baouche">Rafik Baouche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabah%20Chaouchi"> Rabah Chaouchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work reports the first comprehensive stress field interpretation from the eleven recently drilled wells in the Berkaoui Basin, Algerian Sahara. A cumulative length of 7000+m acoustic image logs from 06 vertical wells were investigated, and a mean NW-SE (128°-145° N) maximum horizontal stress (SHMax) orientation is inferred from the B-D quality wellbore breakouts. The study integrates log-based approach with the downhole measurements to infer pore pressure, in-situ stress magnitudes. Vertical stress (Sv), interpreted from the bulk-density profiles, has an average gradient of 22.36 MPa/km. The Ordovician and Cambrian reservoirs have a pore pressure gradient of 13.47-13.77 MPa/km, which is more than the hydrostatic pressure regime. A 17.2-18.3 MPa/km gradient of minimum horizontal stress (Shmin) is inferred from the fracture closure pressure in the reservoirs. Breakout widths constrained the SHMax magnitude in the 23.8-26.5 MPa/km range. Subsurface stress distribution in the central Saharan Algeria indicates that the present-day stress field in the Berkaoui Basin is principally strike-slip faulting (SHMax > Sv > Shmin). Inferences are drawn on the regional stress pattern and drilling and reservoir development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress" title="stress">stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imagery" title=" imagery"> imagery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breakouts" title=" breakouts"> breakouts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sahara" title=" sahara"> sahara</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164864/pore-pressure-and-in-situ-stress-magnitudes-with-image-log-processing-and-geological-interpretation-in-the-haoud-berkaoui-hydrocarbon-field-northeastern-algerian-sahara" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164864.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5390</span> Investigating the Effect of High Intensity Laser and Dry Needling in Patients with Chronic Neck Pain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marzieh%20Yassin">Marzieh Yassin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azizeh%20Parandnia"> Azizeh Parandnia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javad%20Sarrafzadeh"> Javad Sarrafzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Salehi"> Reza Salehi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) are one of the main causes of musculoskeletal pain syndromes and are associated with pain, tenderness, and limited range of motion (ROM). This study compared the effectiveness of high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) and dry needling (DN) on pain intensity, pain pressure threshold, cervical range of motion and disability in people with chronic neck pain. Method and Material: 30 patients with chronic neck pain were randomly divided into two groups: a HILT group (n=15) and a DN group (n=15). Treatment sessions were performed for three weeks, and all participants received related intervention twice a week (5 sessions). The pain level was measured using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS); the pain pressure threshold (PPT) was measured using a digital algometer; perceived disability was measured using the neck disability index (NDI); and cervical range of movements (CROMs) were measured using an iPhone app (lateral flexion) and a goniometer (Rotation). Results: In both the dry needling and high-intensity laser therapy groups, the pain and neck disability were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Also, the pain pressure threshold and cervical range of motions were significantly increased in both groups. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Both high-intensity laser therapy and dry needling can be used to treat chronic neck pain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20neck%20pain" title="chronic neck pain">chronic neck pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry%20needling" title=" dry needling"> dry needling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20intensity%20laser%20therapy%20%28HILT%29" title=" high intensity laser therapy (HILT)"> high intensity laser therapy (HILT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain" title=" pain"> pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain%20pressure%20threshold" title=" pain pressure threshold"> pain pressure threshold</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174117/investigating-the-effect-of-high-intensity-laser-and-dry-needling-in-patients-with-chronic-neck-pain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174117.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5389</span> Pressure Gradient Prediction of Oil-Water Two Phase Flow through Horizontal Pipe</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20I.%20Raheem">Ahmed I. Raheem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this thesis, stratified and stratified wavy flow regimes have been investigated numerically for the oil (1.57 mPa s viscosity and 780 kg/m3 density) and water twophase flow in small and large horizontal steel pipes with a diameter between 0.0254 to 0.508 m by ANSYS Fluent software. Volume of fluid (VOF) with two phases flows using two equations family models (Realizable k- <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title="CFD">CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=two-phase%20flow" title=" two-phase flow"> two-phase flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20gradient" title=" pressure gradient"> pressure gradient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volume%20of%20fluid" title=" volume of fluid"> volume of fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20diameter" title=" large diameter"> large diameter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horizontal%20pipe" title=" horizontal pipe"> horizontal pipe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil-water%20stratified%20and%20stratified%20wavy%20flow" title=" oil-water stratified and stratified wavy flow "> oil-water stratified and stratified wavy flow </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14937/pressure-gradient-prediction-of-oil-water-two-phase-flow-through-horizontal-pipe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14937.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5388</span> Review on Quaternion Gradient Operator with Marginal and Vector Approaches for Colour Edge Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadia%20Ben%20Youssef">Nadia Ben Youssef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aicha%20Bouzid"> Aicha Bouzid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gradient estimation is one of the most fundamental tasks in the field of image processing in general, and more particularly for color images since that the research in color image gradient remains limited. The widely used gradient method is Di Zenzo’s gradient operator, which is based on the measure of squared local contrast of color images. The proposed gradient mechanism, presented in this paper, is based on the principle of the Di Zenzo’s approach using quaternion representation. This edge detector is compared to a marginal approach based on multiscale product of wavelet transform and another vector approach based on quaternion convolution and vector gradient approach. The experimental results indicate that the proposed color gradient operator outperforms marginal approach, however, it is less efficient then the second vector approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gradient" title="gradient">gradient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edge%20detection" title=" edge detection"> edge detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=color%20image" title=" color image"> color image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quaternion" title=" quaternion"> quaternion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141138/review-on-quaternion-gradient-operator-with-marginal-and-vector-approaches-for-colour-edge-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141138.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">234</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5387</span> Traffic Density Measurement by Automatic Detection of the Vehicles Using Gradient Vectors from Aerial Images</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saman%20Ghaffarian">Saman Ghaffarian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilgin%20G%C3%B6ka%C5%9Far"> Ilgin Gökaşar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a new automatic vehicle detection method from very high resolution aerial images to measure traffic density. The proposed method starts by extracting road regions from image using road vector data. Then, the road image is divided into equal sections considering resolution of the images. Gradient vectors of the road image are computed from edge map of the corresponding image. Gradient vectors on the each boundary of the sections are divided where the gradient vectors significantly change their directions. Finally, number of vehicles in each section is carried out by calculating the standard deviation of the gradient vectors in each group and accepting the group as vehicle that has standard deviation above predefined threshold value. The proposed method was tested in four very high resolution aerial images acquired from Istanbul, Turkey which illustrate roads and vehicles with diverse characteristics. The results show the reliability of the proposed method in detecting vehicles by producing 86% overall F1 accuracy value. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerial%20images" title="aerial images">aerial images</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intelligent%20transportation%20systems" title=" intelligent transportation systems"> intelligent transportation systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traffic%20density%20measurement" title=" traffic density measurement"> traffic density measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicle%20detection" title=" vehicle detection"> vehicle detection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32312/traffic-density-measurement-by-automatic-detection-of-the-vehicles-using-gradient-vectors-from-aerial-images" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32312.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5386</span> Investigation of the Effects of Dry Needling With Stretching Upper Trapezius Muscle on Clinical Outcomes in Participants With Active Myofascial Trigger Point.</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marzieh%20Yassin">Marzieh Yassin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fereshteh%20Navaee"> Fereshteh Navaee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javad%20Sarrafzadeh"> Javad Sarrafzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Salehi"> Reza Salehi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Myofascial trigger point (MTrP) is one of the most common sources of musculoskeletal pain. Approximately 30-85% of the patients with musculoskeletal pains would experience MTrP in their life. The prevalence of MTrP has reported in the patients seen in a general orthopedic clinic, general medical clinic and specialty pain management centers, 21%, 30% and 93% respectively. Nowadays, dry needling is suggested as a standard treatment for MTrPs. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of dry needling with stretching upper trapezius muscle on pain and pain pressure threshold in participants with active myofascial trigger point. Methods: Thirty participants with an active myofascial trigger point of the upper trapezius muscle were randomly divided into two groups: dry needling with passive stretch (n=15) and passive stretch alone (n=15). They received 5 sessions of the treatments for three weeks. The outcomes were pain intensity and pain pressure threshold that were assessed with visual analogue scale and algometer respectively. Results: Significant improvement in pain and pain pressure threshold was observed in both groups (P=0.0001) after the treatment. Also, the results showed a significant difference in measurements between two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Dry needling with passive stretch can be more effective on pain and pain pressure threshold than passive stretching alone in short term in participants with active myofascial trigger points. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dry%20needling" title="dry needling">dry needling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=myofascial%20pain%20syndrome" title=" myofascial pain syndrome"> myofascial pain syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=myofascial%20trigger%20point" title=" myofascial trigger point"> myofascial trigger point</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stretching" title=" stretching"> stretching</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174129/investigation-of-the-effects-of-dry-needling-with-stretching-upper-trapezius-muscle-on-clinical-outcomes-in-participants-with-active-myofascial-trigger-point" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174129.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">67</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5385</span> Extremal Laplacian Energy of Threshold Graphs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Ahmad%20Mojallal">Seyed Ahmad Mojallal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Let G be a connected threshold graph of order n with m edges and trace T. In this talk we give a lower bound on Laplacian energy in terms of n, m, and T of G. From this we determine the threshold graphs with the first four minimal Laplacian energies. We also list the first 20 minimal Laplacian energies among threshold graphs. Let σ=σ(G) be the number of Laplacian eigenvalues greater than or equal to average degree of graph G. Using this concept, we obtain the threshold graphs with the largest and the second largest Laplacian energies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laplacian%20eigenvalues" title="Laplacian eigenvalues">Laplacian eigenvalues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laplacian%20energy" title=" Laplacian energy"> Laplacian energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threshold%20graphs" title=" threshold graphs"> threshold graphs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extremal%20graphs" title=" extremal graphs"> extremal graphs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41332/extremal-laplacian-energy-of-threshold-graphs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41332.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5384</span> Mathematical Modeling of the Working Principle of Gravity Gradient Instrument</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danni%20Cong">Danni Cong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meiping%20Wu"> Meiping Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hua%20Mu"> Hua Mu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaofeng%20He"> Xiaofeng He</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junxiang%20Lian"> Junxiang Lian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juliang%20Cao"> Juliang Cao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaokun%20Cai"> Shaokun Cai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hao%20Qin"> Hao Qin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gravity field is of great significance in geoscience, national economy and national security, and gravitational gradient measurement has been extensively studied due to its higher accuracy than gravity measurement. Gravity gradient sensor, being one of core devices of the gravity gradient instrument, plays a key role in measuring accuracy. Therefore, this paper starts from analyzing the working principle of the gravity gradient sensor by Newton’s law, and then considers the relative motion between inertial and non-inertial systems to build a relatively adequate mathematical model, laying a foundation for the measurement error calibration, measurement accuracy improvement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravity%20gradient" title="gravity gradient">gravity gradient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravity%20gradient%20sensor" title=" gravity gradient sensor"> gravity gradient sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accelerometer" title=" accelerometer"> accelerometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single-axis%20rotation%20modulation" title=" single-axis rotation modulation"> single-axis rotation modulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74776/mathematical-modeling-of-the-working-principle-of-gravity-gradient-instrument" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74776.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5383</span> Transitional Separation Bubble over a Rounded Backward Facing Step Due to a Temporally Applied Very High Adverse Pressure Gradient Followed by a Slow Adverse Pressure Gradient Applied at Inlet of the Profile</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saikat%20Datta">Saikat Datta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Incompressible laminar time-varying flow is investigated over a rounded backward-facing step for a triangular piston motion at the inlet of a straight channel with very high acceleration, followed by a slow deceleration experimentally and through numerical simulation. The backward-facing step is an important test-case as it embodies important flow characteristics such as separation point, reattachment length, and recirculation of flow. A sliding piston imparts two successive triangular velocities at the inlet, constant acceleration from rest, 0≤t≤t0, and constant deceleration to rest, t0≤t<t1. The temporal and spatial pressure gradient is varied by a controlled motion of the piston. The flow visualization and PIV data on a water channel where water flows from right to left reveal the locally separated region on the rounded backward-facing step is filled with much vortex-flow structure, which grows during the deceleration phase of the piston motion. The reattachment of the outer shear layer forming a separation bubble has also been discussed. The development of vortices has a wave-like pattern within the separated region, and the bubble depicts an open bubble topology. The maximum pressure gradient point where the first vortex is formed is confirmed through numerical simulations. The flow visualization data also shows a distinct growing vortex at the maximum pressure gradient point. Secondary vortices of opposite signs grow in the inner layer due to adverse pressure gradients induced by the primary vortices. The boundary layer thickness at the point of separation is used to quantify the type of wall-bound vortex formed inside the outer shear layer of the separation bubble. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laminar%20boundary%20layer%20separation" title="laminar boundary layer separation">laminar boundary layer separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rounded%20backward%20facing%20step" title=" rounded backward facing step"> rounded backward facing step</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=separation%20bubble" title=" separation bubble"> separation bubble</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsteady%20separation" title=" unsteady separation"> unsteady separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unsteady%20vortex%20flows" title=" unsteady vortex flows"> unsteady vortex flows</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167806/transitional-separation-bubble-over-a-rounded-backward-facing-step-due-to-a-temporally-applied-very-high-adverse-pressure-gradient-followed-by-a-slow-adverse-pressure-gradient-applied-at-inlet-of-the-profile" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167806.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5382</span> A New Modification of Nonlinear Conjugate Gradient Coefficients with Global Convergence Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Alhawarat">Ahmad Alhawarat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Mamat"> Mustafa Mamat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Rivaie"> Mohd Rivaie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismail%20Mohd"> Ismail Mohd</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Conjugate gradient method has been enormously used to solve large scale unconstrained optimization problems due to the number of iteration, memory, CPU time, and convergence property, in this paper we find a new class of nonlinear conjugate gradient coefficient with global convergence properties proved by exact line search. The numerical results for our new βK give a good result when it compared with well-known formulas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conjugate%20gradient%20method" title="conjugate gradient method">conjugate gradient method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conjugate%20gradient%20coefficient" title=" conjugate gradient coefficient"> conjugate gradient coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20convergence" title=" global convergence"> global convergence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1392/a-new-modification-of-nonlinear-conjugate-gradient-coefficients-with-global-convergence-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1392.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">463</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5381</span> Effect of Non-Newtonian Behavior of Oil Phase on Oil-Water Stratified Flow in a Horizontal Channel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satish%20Kumar%20Dewangan">Satish Kumar Dewangan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Santosh%20Kumar%20Senapati"> Santosh Kumar Senapati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present work focuses on the investigation of the effect of non-Newtonian behavior on the oil-water stratified flow in a horizontal channel using ANSYS Fluent. Coupled level set and volume of fluid (CLSVOF) has been used to capture the evolving interface assuming unsteady, coaxial flow with constant fluid properties. The diametric variation of oil volume fraction, mixture velocity, total pressure and pressure gradient has been studied. Non-Newtonian behavior of oil has been represented by the power law model in order to investigate the effect of flow behavior index. Stratified flow pattern tends to assume dispersed flow pattern with the change in the behavior of oil to non-Newtonian. The pressure gradient is found to be very much sensitive to the flow behavior index. The findings could be useful in designing the transportation pipe line in petroleum industries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil-water%20stratified%20flow" title="oil-water stratified flow">oil-water stratified flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horizontal%20channel" title=" horizontal channel"> horizontal channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CLSVOF" title=" CLSVOF"> CLSVOF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non%E2%80%93Newtonian%20behaviour." title=" non–Newtonian behaviour."> non–Newtonian behaviour.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79797/effect-of-non-newtonian-behavior-of-oil-phase-on-oil-water-stratified-flow-in-a-horizontal-channel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79797.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">492</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5380</span> Linear Study of Electrostatic Ion Temperature Gradient Mode with Entropy Gradient Drift and Sheared Ion Flows</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Yaqub%20Khan">M. Yaqub Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Usman%20Shabbir"> Usman Shabbir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> History of plasma reveals that continuous struggle of experimentalists and theorists are not fruitful for confinement up to now. It needs a change to bring the research through entropy. Approximately, all the quantities like number density, temperature, electrostatic potential, etc. are connected to entropy. Therefore, it is better to change the way of research. In ion temperature gradient mode with the help of Braginskii model, Boltzmannian electrons, effect of velocity shear is studied inculcating entropy in the magnetoplasma. New dispersion relation is derived for ion temperature gradient mode, and dependence on entropy gradient drift is seen. It is also seen velocity shear enhances the instability but in anomalous transport, its role is not seen significantly but entropy. This work will be helpful to the next step of tokamak and space plasmas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entropy" title="entropy">entropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=velocity%20shear" title=" velocity shear"> velocity shear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ion%20temperature%20gradient%20mode" title=" ion temperature gradient mode"> ion temperature gradient mode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drift" title=" drift"> drift</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70221/linear-study-of-electrostatic-ion-temperature-gradient-mode-with-entropy-gradient-drift-and-sheared-ion-flows" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70221.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5379</span> Global Convergence of a Modified Three-Term Conjugate Gradient Algorithms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belloufi%20Mohammed">Belloufi Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sellami%20Badreddine"> Sellami Badreddine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with a new nonlinear modified three-term conjugate gradient algorithm for solving large-scale unstrained optimization problems. The search direction of the algorithms from this class has three terms and is computed as modifications of the classical conjugate gradient algorithms to satisfy both the descent and the conjugacy conditions. An example of three-term conjugate gradient algorithm from this class, as modifications of the classical and well known Hestenes and Stiefel or of the CG_DESCENT by Hager and Zhang conjugate gradient algorithms, satisfying both the descent and the conjugacy conditions is presented. Under mild conditions, we prove that the modified three-term conjugate gradient algorithm with Wolfe type line search is globally convergent. Preliminary numerical results show the proposed method is very promising. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unconstrained%20optimization" title="unconstrained optimization">unconstrained optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three-term%20conjugate%20gradient" title=" three-term conjugate gradient"> three-term conjugate gradient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sufficient%20descent%20property" title=" sufficient descent property"> sufficient descent property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=line%20search" title=" line search"> line search</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41727/global-convergence-of-a-modified-three-term-conjugate-gradient-algorithms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41727.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5378</span> Adaptive Threshold Adjustment of Clear Channel Assessment in LAA Down Link</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Li">Yu Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dongyao%20Wang"> Dongyao Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaobao%20Sun"> Xiaobao Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Ni"> Wei Ni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In long-term evolution (LTE), the carriers around 5GHz are planned to be utilized without licenses to further enlarge system capacity. This feature is termed licensed assisted access (LAA). The channel sensing (clean channel assessment, CCA) is required before any transmission on these unlicensed carriers, in order to make sure the harmonious co-existence of LAA with other radio access technology in the unlicensed band. Obviously, the CCA threshold is very critical, which decides whether the transmission right following CCA is delivered in time and without collisions. An improper CCA threshold may cause buffer overflow of some eNodeBs if the eNodeBs are heavily loaded with the traffic. Thus, to solve these problems, we propose an adaptive threshold adjustment method for CCA in the LAA downlink. Both the load and transmission opportunities are concerned. The trend of the LAA throughput as the threshold varies is obtained, which guides the threshold adjustment. The co-existing between LAA and Wi-Fi is particularly tested. The results from system-level simulation confirm the merits of our design, especially in heavy traffic cases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LTE" title="LTE">LTE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LAA" title=" LAA"> LAA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CCA" title=" CCA"> CCA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=threshold%20adjustment" title=" threshold adjustment"> threshold adjustment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130135/adaptive-threshold-adjustment-of-clear-channel-assessment-in-laa-down-link" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130135.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5377</span> Torsional Vibration of Carbon Nanotubes via Nonlocal Gradient Theories</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Arda">Mustafa Arda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Metin%20Aydogdu"> Metin Aydogdu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have many possible application areas because of their superior physical properties. Nonlocal Theory, which unlike the classical theories, includes the size dependency. Nonlocal Stress and Strain Gradient approaches can be used in nanoscale static and dynamic analysis. In the present study, torsional vibration of CNTs was investigated according to nonlocal stress and strain gradient theories. Effects of the small scale parameters to the non-dimensional frequency were obtained. Results were compared with the Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Lattice Dynamics. Strain Gradient Theory has shown more weakening effect on CNT according to the Stress Gradient Theory. Combination of both theories gives more acceptable results rather than the classical and stress or strain gradient theory according to Lattice Dynamics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=torsional%20vibration" title="torsional vibration">torsional vibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20nanotubes" title=" carbon nanotubes"> carbon nanotubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlocal%20gradient%20theory" title=" nonlocal gradient theory"> nonlocal gradient theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress" title=" stress"> stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strain" title=" strain"> strain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48828/torsional-vibration-of-carbon-nanotubes-via-nonlocal-gradient-theories" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48828.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5376</span> A New Family of Globally Convergent Conjugate Gradient Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Sellami">B. Sellami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Laskri"> Y. Laskri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Belloufi"> M. Belloufi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Conjugate gradient methods are an important class of methods for unconstrained optimization, especially for large-scale problems. Recently, they have been much studied. In this paper, a new family of conjugate gradient method is proposed for unconstrained optimization. This method includes the already existing two practical nonlinear conjugate gradient methods, which produces a descent search direction at every iteration and converges globally provided that the line search satisfies the Wolfe conditions. The numerical experiments are done to test the efficiency of the new method, which implies the new method is promising. In addition the methods related to this family are uniformly discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conjugate%20gradient%20method" title="conjugate gradient method">conjugate gradient method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20convergence" title=" global convergence"> global convergence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=line%20search" title=" line search"> line search</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unconstrained%20optimization" title=" unconstrained optimization"> unconstrained optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40381/a-new-family-of-globally-convergent-conjugate-gradient-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40381.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">410</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5375</span> Effect of Linear Thermal Gradient on Steady-State Creep Behavior of Isotropic Rotating Disc</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minto%20Rattan">Minto Rattan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tania%20Bose"> Tania Bose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neeraj%20Chamoli"> Neeraj Chamoli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present paper investigates the effect of linear thermal gradient on the steady-state creep behavior of rotating isotropic disc using threshold stress based Sherby’s creep law. The composite discs made of aluminum matrix reinforced with silicon carbide particulate has been taken for analysis. The stress and strain rate distributions have been calculated for discs rotating at linear thermal gradation using von Mises’ yield criterion. The material parameters have been estimated by regression fit of the available experimental data. The results are displayed and compared graphically in designer friendly format for the above said temperature profile with the disc operating under uniform temperature profile. It is observed that radial and tangential stresses show minor variation and the strain rates vary significantly in the presence of thermal gradation as compared to disc having uniform temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=creep" title="creep">creep</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isotropic" title=" isotropic"> isotropic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steady-state" title=" steady-state"> steady-state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20gradient" title=" thermal gradient"> thermal gradient</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59198/effect-of-linear-thermal-gradient-on-steady-state-creep-behavior-of-isotropic-rotating-disc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59198.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> 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