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<span>Levels of care</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Levels_of_care-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lines_of_therapy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lines_of_therapy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Lines of therapy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lines_of_therapy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_intent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_intent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>By intent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_intent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_therapy_composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_therapy_composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>By therapy composition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_therapy_composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_matter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_matter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>By matter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_matter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>By energy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_procedure_and_human_interaction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_procedure_and_human_interaction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>By procedure and human interaction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_procedure_and_human_interaction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_animal_interaction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_animal_interaction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.4</span> <span>By animal interaction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_animal_interaction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_meditation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_meditation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.5</span> <span>By meditation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_meditation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.6</span> <span>By reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_creativity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_creativity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.7</span> <span>By creativity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_creativity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_sleeping_and_waking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_sleeping_and_waking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.8</span> <span>By sleeping and waking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_sleeping_and_waking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Therapy</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 67 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-67" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">67 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="चिकित्सा – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="चिकित्सा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC_(%D8%B7%D8%A8)" title="علاج (طب) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علاج (طب)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE" title="চিকিৎসা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চিকিৎসা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Тэрапія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тэрапія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C" title="इलाज – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="इलाज" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Терапия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Терапия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ter%C3%A0pia" title="Teràpia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Teràpia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9%C4%8Dba" title="Léčba – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Léčba" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terapi" title="Terapi – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Terapi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therapie" title="Therapie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Therapie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravi" title="Ravi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ravi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Θεραπεία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θεραπεία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tratamiento_(medicina)" title="Tratamiento (medicina) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tratamiento (medicina)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terapio" title="Terapio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Terapio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sendabide" title="Sendabide – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sendabide" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="درمان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="درمان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traitement_(m%C3%A9decine)" title="Traitement (médecine) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Traitement (médecine)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B3ir_leighis" title="Cóir leighis – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cóir leighis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terapia" title="Terapia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Terapia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Дарба – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Дарба" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%98%EB%A3%8C" title="치료 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="치료" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%A1_(%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4)" title="Թերապիա (բուժում) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թերապիա (բուժում)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE" title="चिकित्सा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चिकित्सा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terapija" title="Terapija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Terapija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terapio" title="Terapio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Terapio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terapi" title="Terapi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Terapi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therapia" title="Therapia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Therapia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terapia" title="Terapia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Terapia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C" title="טיפול – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טיפול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%86" title="ಚಿಕಿತ್ಸೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಚಿಕಿತ್ಸೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%8E%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="یَلاج – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="یَلاج" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%83" title="Емдеу – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Емдеу" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Терапия – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Терапия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therapia" title="Therapia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Therapia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terapija" title="Terapija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Terapija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ter%C3%A1pia_(fogalom)" title="Terápia (fogalom) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Terápia (fogalom)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terapi" title="Terapi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Terapi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%8D%D1%8D" title="Эмчилгээ – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Эмчилгээ" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therapie" title="Therapie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Therapie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%BB%E7%99%82" title="治療 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="治療" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terapi" title="Terapi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Terapi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terapi" title="Terapi – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Terapi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terapiya" title="Terapiya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Terapiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE" title="ਚਿਕਿਤਸਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਚਿਕਿਤਸਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%84%D9%86%D9%87" title="درملنه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="درملنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzia%C5%82alno%C5%9B%C4%87_lecznicza" title="Działalność lecznicza – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Działalność lecznicza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terapia" title="Terapia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Terapia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tratament_medical" title="Tratament medical – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tratament medical" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5)" title="Терапия (лечение) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Терапия (лечение)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A0%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="චිකිත්සාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="චිකිත්සාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therapy" title="Therapy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Therapy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lie%C4%8Dba" title="Liečba – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Liečba" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zdravljenje" title="Zdravljenje – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zdravljenje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Терапија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Терапија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terapija" title="Terapija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Terapija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terapia" title="Terapia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Terapia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terapi" title="Terapi – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Terapi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88" title="மருத்துவ சிகிச்சை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மருத்துவ சிகிச்சை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94" title="การบำบัด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การบำบัด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tedavi" title="Tedavi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tedavi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aduruy%C9%9B" title="Aduruyɛ – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Aduruyɛ" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Терапія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Терапія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="علاج – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="علاج" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%81u_tr%E1%BB%8B" title="Điều trị – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Điều trị" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%96%97%E6%B3%95" title="疗法 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="疗法" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E6%B2%BB" title="醫治 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="醫治" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Therapy_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Therapy (disambiguation)">Therapy (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Therapy" title="Special:EditPage/Therapy">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Therapy%22">"Therapy"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Therapy%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Therapy%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Therapy%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Therapy%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Therapy%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Medical intervention</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: lightblue">Therapy</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Polio_physical_therapy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Polio_physical_therapy.jpg/280px-Polio_physical_therapy.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="353" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Polio_physical_therapy.jpg/420px-Polio_physical_therapy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Polio_physical_therapy.jpg/560px-Polio_physical_therapy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3519" data-file-height="4431" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Children undergoing physical therapy. (<a href="/wiki/Polio" title="Polio">polio</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D013812">D013812</a></span></td></tr><tr class="noprint"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="text-align: right;">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179661" class="extiw" title="d:Q179661">edit on Wikidata</a>]</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>therapy</b> or <b>medical treatment</b> is the attempted remediation of a <a href="/wiki/Health" title="Health">health</a> problem, usually following a <a href="/wiki/Medical_diagnosis" title="Medical diagnosis">medical diagnosis</a>. Both words, <i>treatment</i> and <i>therapy</i>, are often abbreviated <b>tx</b>, <b>Tx</b>, or <b>T<sub>x</sub></b>. </p><p>As a rule, each therapy has <a href="/wiki/Indication_(medicine)" title="Indication (medicine)">indications</a> and <a href="/wiki/Contraindication" title="Contraindication">contraindications</a>. There are many different types of therapy. Not all therapies are <a href="/wiki/Efficacy#Medicine" title="Efficacy">effective</a>. Many therapies can produce unwanted <a href="/wiki/Adverse_effect" title="Adverse effect">adverse effects</a>. </p><p><i>Treatment</i> and <i>therapy</i> are often synonymous, especially in the usage of <a href="/wiki/Health_professional" title="Health professional">health professionals</a>. However, in the context of <a href="/wiki/Mental_health" title="Mental health">mental health</a>, the term <i>therapy</i> may refer specifically to <a href="/wiki/Psychotherapy" title="Psychotherapy">psychotherapy</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Semantic_field">Semantic field</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Therapy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Semantic field"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The words <i><b>care</b></i>, <i><b>therapy</b></i>, <i><b>treatment</b></i>, and <i><b>intervention</b></i> overlap in a <a href="/wiki/Semantic_field" title="Semantic field">semantic field</a>, and thus they can be <a href="/wiki/Synonym" title="Synonym">synonymous</a> depending on <a href="/wiki/Context_(language_use)" class="mw-redirect" title="Context (language use)">context</a>. Moving rightward through that order, the <a href="/wiki/Connotation" title="Connotation"> connotative</a> level of <a href="/wiki/Holism" title="Holism">holism</a> decreases and the level of specificity (to <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/concrete#Adjective" class="extiw" title="wikt:concrete">concrete</a> instances) increases. Thus, in <a href="/wiki/Health-care" class="mw-redirect" title="Health-care">health-care</a> contexts (where its <a href="/wiki/Word_sense" title="Word sense"> senses</a> are always <a href="/wiki/Mass_noun" title="Mass noun">noncount</a>), the word <i>care</i> tends to imply a broad idea of everything done to protect or improve someone's health (for example, as in the terms <a href="/wiki/Preventive_healthcare" title="Preventive healthcare"> <i>preventive care</i></a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Primary_care" title="Primary care">primary care</a></i>, which connote ongoing action), although it sometimes implies a narrower idea (for example, in the simplest cases of <a href="/wiki/Wound_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Wound care">wound care</a> or <a href="/wiki/Post-anesthesia_care_unit" title="Post-anesthesia care unit"> postanesthesia care</a>, a few particular steps are sufficient, and the patient's interaction with the provider of such care is soon finished). In contrast, the word <i>intervention</i> tends to be specific and concrete, and thus the word is often <a href="/wiki/Count_noun" title="Count noun"> countable</a>; for example, one instance of <a href="/wiki/Cardiac_catheterization" title="Cardiac catheterization">cardiac catheterization</a> is one <a href="/wiki/Medical_procedure" title="Medical procedure"> intervention</a> performed, and <a href="/wiki/Coronary_care_unit" title="Coronary care unit"> coronary care</a> (noncount) can require a series of interventions (count). At the extreme, the piling on of such countable interventions amounts to <a href="/wiki/Interventionism_(medicine)" title="Interventionism (medicine)"> interventionism</a>, a flawed model of care lacking holistic <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/circumspection#Noun" class="extiw" title="wikt:circumspection"> circumspection</a>—merely treating <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/discrete#Adjective" class="extiw" title="wikt:discrete">discrete</a> problems (in billable increments) rather than maintaining health. <i>Therapy</i> and <i>treatment</i>, in the middle of the semantic field, can connote either the holism of <i>care</i> or the discreteness of <i>intervention</i>, with context conveying the intent in each use. Accordingly, they can be used in both noncount and count senses (for example, <i>therapy for <a href="/wiki/Chronic_kidney_disease" title="Chronic kidney disease">chronic kidney disease</a> can involve several <a href="/wiki/Kidney_dialysis" title="Kidney dialysis"> dialysis</a> treatments per week</i>). </p><p><span class="anchor" id="aceology"></span>The words <i><a href="/wiki/Materia_medica" title="Materia medica">aceology</a></i> and <i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style><span class="vanchor"><span id="iamatology"></span><span class="vanchor-text">iamatology</span></span></i> are obscure and obsolete synonyms referring to the study of therapies. </p><p>The English word <i>therapy</i> comes via Latin <i>therapīa</i> from <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248666159">.mw-parser-output .tfd-dated{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .tfd-default{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);clear:both;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tfd-tiny{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .tfd-inline{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;position:relative}@media(min-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .tfd-sidebar{clear:right;float:right;width:22em}}</style><span class="tfd tfd-dated tfd-tiny"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2024_November_12#Template:Lang-grc-gre" title="Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2024 November 12">‹See Tfd›</a></span><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">θεραπεία</span></span> and literally means "curing" or "healing".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/therapeusis" class="extiw" title="wikt:therapeusis">therapeusis</a></i> is a somewhat archaic doublet of the word <i>therapy</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_therapies">Types of therapies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Therapy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Types of therapies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_chronology,_priority,_or_intensity"><span id="By_chronology.2C_priority.2C_or_intensity"></span>By chronology, priority, or intensity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Therapy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: By chronology, priority, or intensity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Levels_of_care">Levels of care</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Therapy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Levels of care"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Levels of care classify <a href="/wiki/Health_care" title="Health care">health care</a> into categories of chronology, priority, or intensity, as follows: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urgent_care_center" title="Urgent care center">Urgent care</a> handles health issues that need to be handled today but are not necessarily emergencies; the urgent care venue can send a patient to the emergency care level if it turns out to be needed. <ul><li>In the United States (and possibly various other countries), <a href="/wiki/Urgent_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Urgent care">urgent care</a> centers also serve another function as their other main purpose: U.S. <a href="/wiki/Primary_care" title="Primary care">primary care</a> practices have evolved in recent decades into a configuration whereby urgent care centers provide portions of primary care that cannot wait a month, because getting an appointment with the primary care practitioner is often subject to a waitlist of 2 to 8 weeks.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_medicine" title="Emergency medicine">Emergency care</a> handles <a href="/wiki/Medical_emergency" title="Medical emergency">medical emergencies</a> and is a first point of contact or intake for less serious problems, which can be referred to other levels of care as appropriate.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intensive_care_medicine" title="Intensive care medicine">Intensive care</a>, also called <a href="/wiki/Critical_care_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Critical care medicine">critical care</a>, is care for extremely ill or injured patients. It thus requires high resource intensity, knowledge, and skill, as well as quick <a href="/wiki/Decision_making" class="mw-redirect" title="Decision making">decision making</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambulatory_care" title="Ambulatory care">Ambulatory care</a> is care provided on an <a href="/wiki/Patient#Outpatients_and_inpatients" title="Patient">outpatient</a> basis. Typically patients can walk into and out of the clinic under their own power (hence "ambulatory"), usually on the same day.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_care" title="Home care">Home care</a> is care at home, including care from providers (such as physicians, nurses, and home health aides) making <a href="/wiki/House_call" title="House call">house calls</a>, care from <a href="/wiki/Caregiver" title="Caregiver">caregivers</a> such as family members, and patient <a href="/wiki/Self_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Self care">self-care</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primary_care" title="Primary care">Primary care</a> is meant to be the main kind of care in general, and ideally a <a href="/wiki/Medical_home" title="Medical home">medical home</a> that unifies care across referred providers.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Secondary care">Secondary care</a> is care provided by medical specialists and other health professionals who generally do not have first contact with patients, for example, <a href="/wiki/Cardiologists" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiologists">cardiologists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urologists" class="mw-redirect" title="Urologists">urologists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dermatologists" class="mw-redirect" title="Dermatologists">dermatologists</a>. A patient reaches secondary care as a next step from <a href="/wiki/Primary_care" title="Primary care">primary care</a>, typically by provider referral although sometimes by patient self-initiative.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tertiary_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Tertiary care">Tertiary care</a> is specialized consultative care, usually for <a href="/wiki/Patient#Outpatients_and_inpatients" title="Patient">inpatients</a> and on referral from a primary or secondary health professional, in a facility that has personnel and facilities for advanced medical investigation and treatment, such as a <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_referral_hospital" title="Tertiary referral hospital">tertiary referral hospital</a>.</li> <li>Follow-up care is additional care during or after <a href="/wiki/Convalescence" title="Convalescence">convalescence</a>. Aftercare is generally synonymous with follow-up care.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/End-of-life_care" title="End-of-life care">End-of-life care</a> is care near the end of one's life. It often includes the following: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palliative_care" title="Palliative care">Palliative care</a> is <a href="#Supportive_therapy">supportive care</a>, most especially (but not necessarily) near the end of life.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospice" title="Hospice">Hospice</a> care is palliative care very near the end of life when <a href="/wiki/Cure" title="Cure">cure</a> is very unlikely. Its main goal is comfort, both physical and mental.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lines_of_therapy">Lines of therapy</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Therapy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Lines of therapy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Treatment decisions often follow formal or informal <a href="/wiki/Algorithm" title="Algorithm">algorithmic</a> guidelines. Treatment options can often be ranked or prioritized into <b>lines of therapy</b>: <b>first-line therapy</b>, <b>second-line therapy</b>, <b>third-line therapy</b>, and so on. <b>First-line therapy</b> (sometimes referred to as <b>induction therapy</b>, <b>primary therapy</b>, or <b>front-line therapy</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the first therapy that will be tried. Its priority over other options is usually either: (1) formally recommended on the basis of <a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">clinical trial</a> evidence for its best-available combination of efficacy, safety, and tolerability or (2) chosen based on the clinical experience of the physician. If a first-line therapy either fails to resolve the issue or produces intolerable <a href="/wiki/Side_effect" title="Side effect">side effects</a>, additional (second-line) therapies may be substituted or added to the treatment regimen, followed by third-line therapies, and so on. </p><p>An example of a context in which the formalization of treatment algorithms and the ranking of lines of therapy is very extensive is <a href="/wiki/Chemotherapy_regimens" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemotherapy regimens">chemotherapy regimens</a>. Because of the great difficulty in successfully treating some forms of cancer, one line after another may be tried. In <a href="/wiki/Oncology" title="Oncology">oncology</a> the count of therapy lines may reach 10 or even 20. </p><p>Often multiple therapies may be tried simultaneously (<a href="/wiki/Combination_therapy" title="Combination therapy">combination therapy</a> or polytherapy). Thus <a href="/wiki/Combination_chemotherapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Combination chemotherapy">combination chemotherapy</a> is also called polychemotherapy, whereas chemotherapy with one agent at a time is called single-agent therapy or monotherapy. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Adjuvant_therapy" title="Adjuvant therapy">Adjuvant therapy</a> is therapy given in addition to the primary, main, or initial treatment, but simultaneously (as opposed to second-line therapy). <a href="/wiki/Neoadjuvant_therapy" title="Neoadjuvant therapy">Neoadjuvant therapy</a> is therapy that is begun before the main therapy. Thus one can consider surgical excision of a tumor as the first-line therapy for a certain type and stage of cancer even though radiotherapy is used before it; the radiotherapy is neoadjuvant (chronologically first but not primary in the sense of the main event). <a href="/wiki/Premedication" title="Premedication">Premedication</a> is conceptually not far from this, but the words are not interchangeable; cytotoxic drugs to put a tumor "on the ropes" before surgery delivers the "knockout punch" are called neoadjuvant chemotherapy, not premedication, whereas things like anesthetics or prophylactic antibiotics before dental surgery are called premedication. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Step_therapy" title="Step therapy">Step therapy</a> or stepladder therapy is a specific type of prioritization by lines of therapy. It is controversial in <a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Health care in the United States">American health care</a> because unlike conventional <a href="/wiki/Decision-making" title="Decision-making">decision-making</a> about what constitutes first-line, second-line, and third-line therapy, which in the U.S. reflects safety and efficacy first and cost only according to the patient's wishes, step therapy attempts to mix cost containment by someone other than the patient (third-party payers) into the algorithm. <a href="/wiki/Therapy_freedom" title="Therapy freedom">Therapy freedom</a> and the negotiation between <a href="/wiki/Individual_and_group_rights" title="Individual and group rights">individual and group rights</a> are involved.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_intent">By intent</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Therapy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: By intent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <th scope="col">Therapy type </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">Description </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th scope="row"><span class="anchor" id="Abortive_therapy"></span> abortive therapy </th> <td>A therapy that is intended to stop a medical condition from progressing any further. A medication taken at the earliest signs of a disease, such as an <a href="/wiki/Analgesic" title="Analgesic">analgesic</a> taken at the first symptoms of a <a href="/wiki/Migraine_headache" class="mw-redirect" title="Migraine headache">migraine headache</a> to prevent it from getting worse, is an abortive therapy. Compare <a href="/wiki/Abortifacient" title="Abortifacient">abortifacients</a>, which abort a pregnancy. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th scope="row"><span class="anchor" id="Bridge_therapy"></span> <a href="/wiki/Bridge_therapy" title="Bridge therapy">bridge therapy</a> </th> <td>A therapy that <a href="/wiki/Figurative_analogy" title="Figurative analogy">figuratively</a> provides a bridge to another step or phase, crossing over some immediate chasm (challenge), in contrast with <a href="/wiki/Destination_therapy" title="Destination therapy">destination therapy</a>, which is the final therapy in cases where clinically appropriate. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th scope="row"><span class="anchor" id="Consolidation_therapy"></span> consolidation therapy </th> <td>A therapy given to consolidate the gains from <a href="#Lines_of_therapy">induction therapy</a>. In cancer, this means chasing after any malignant cells that may be left. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th scope="row"><span class="anchor" id="Curative_therapy"></span> curative therapy </th> <td>A therapy with <i>curative intent</i>, that is, one that seeks to <a href="/wiki/Cure" title="Cure">cure</a> the root cause of a disorder. (also called etiotropic therapy) </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th scope="row"><span class="anchor" id="Definitive_therapy"></span> definitive therapy </th> <td>A therapy that may be final, superior to others, <a href="#Curative_therapy">curative</a>, or all of those. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th scope="row"><span class="anchor" id="Destination_therapy"></span> <a href="/wiki/Destination_therapy" title="Destination therapy">destination therapy</a> </th> <td>A therapy that is the final destination rather than a <a href="/wiki/Bridge_therapy" title="Bridge therapy">bridge</a> to another therapy. Usually refers to <a href="/wiki/Ventricular_assist_device" title="Ventricular assist device">ventricular assist devices</a> to keep the existing heart going, not just until <a href="/wiki/Heart_transplantation" title="Heart transplantation">heart transplantation</a> can occur, but for the rest of the patient's life expectancy. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th scope="row"><span class="anchor" id="Empiric_therapy"></span> <a href="/wiki/Empiric_therapy" title="Empiric therapy">empiric therapy</a> </th> <td>A therapy given on an empiric basis; that is, one given according to a clinician's educated guess despite uncertainty about the illness's causative factors. For example, empiric antibiotic therapy administers a <a href="/wiki/Broad-spectrum_antibiotic" title="Broad-spectrum antibiotic">broad-spectrum antibiotic</a> immediately on the basis of a good chance (given the history, physical examination findings, and risk factors present) that the illness is bacterial and will respond to that drug (even though the bacterial species or variant is not yet known). </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th scope="row"><span class="anchor" id="Gold_standard_therapy"></span> gold standard therapy </th> <td>A therapy that is <a href="#Definitive_therapy">definitive</a>, just as a <a href="/wiki/Gold_standard_(test)" title="Gold standard (test)">gold standard diagnostic test</a> is a definitive test. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th scope="row"><span class="anchor" id="Investigational_therapy"></span> investigational therapy </th> <td>An <a href="/wiki/Experiment" title="Experiment">experimental</a> therapy. Use of experimental therapies must be ethically justified, because by definition they raise the question of <a href="/wiki/Standard_of_care" title="Standard of care">standard of care</a>. Physicians have autonomy to provide empirical care (such as <a href="/wiki/Off-label_use" title="Off-label use">off-label</a> care) according to their experience and clinical judgment, but the autonomy has limits that preclude <a href="/wiki/Quackery" title="Quackery">quackery</a>. Thus it may be necessary to design a <a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">clinical trial</a> around the new therapy and to use the therapy only per a formal <a href="/wiki/Protocol_(science)" title="Protocol (science)">protocol</a>. Sometimes shorthand phrases such as "treated on protocol" imply not just "treated according to a plan" but specifically "treated with investigational therapy". </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th scope="row"><span class="anchor" id="Maintenance_therapy"></span> <a href="/wiki/Maintenance_therapy" title="Maintenance therapy">maintenance therapy</a> </th> <td>A therapy taken during <a href="/wiki/Remission_(medicine)" title="Remission (medicine)">disease remission</a> to prevent relapse. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th scope="row"><span class="anchor" id="Palliative_therapy"></span> palliative therapy </th> <td>See <a href="#Supportive_therapy">supportive therapy</a> for connotative distinctions. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th scope="row"><span class="anchor" id="Preventive_therapy"></span> preventive therapy<br /><span class="nowrap">(prophylactic therapy)</span> </th> <td>A therapy that is intended to <a href="/wiki/Preventive_healthcare" title="Preventive healthcare">prevent a medical condition</a> from occurring (also called prophylaxis). For example, many <a href="/wiki/Vaccine" title="Vaccine">vaccines</a> prevent infectious diseases. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th scope="row"><span class="anchor" id="Salvage_therapy"></span> <a href="/wiki/Salvage_therapy" title="Salvage therapy">salvage therapy</a> (rescue therapy) </th> <td>A therapy tried after others have failed; it may be a "last-<a href="#Lines_of_therapy">line</a>" therapy. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th scope="row"><span class="anchor" id="Stepdown_therapy"></span> stepdown therapy </th> <td>Therapy that tapers the dosage gradually rather than abruptly cutting it off. For example, a switch from intravenous to oral antibiotics as an infection is brought under control steps down the intensity of therapy. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th scope="row"><span class="anchor" id="Supportive_therapy"></span> supportive therapy </th> <td>A therapy that does not treat or improve the underlying condition, but rather increases the patient's comfort, also called <a href="/wiki/Symptomatic_treatment" title="Symptomatic treatment">symptomatic treatment</a> (see there for more information).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, supportive care for flu, colds, or gastrointestinal upset can include rest, fluids, and <a href="/wiki/Over-the-counter_drug" title="Over-the-counter drug">over-the-counter</a> pain relievers; those things do not treat the cause, but they treat the symptoms and thus provide relief. Supportive therapy may be palliative therapy (<a href="/wiki/Palliative_care" title="Palliative care">palliative care</a>). The two terms are sometimes synonymous, but palliative care often specifically refers to serious illness and <a href="/wiki/End-of-life_care" title="End-of-life care">end-of-life care</a>. Therapy may be categorized as having <a href="#Curative_therapy">curative intent</a> (when it is possible to eliminate the disease) or <i>palliative intent</i> (when eliminating the disease is impossible and the focus shifts to minimizing the distress that it causes). The two are often <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/contradistinguish#Verb" class="extiw" title="wikt:contradistinguish">contradistinguished</a> (mutually exclusive) in some contexts (such as the <a href="/wiki/Management_of_cancer" class="mw-redirect" title="Management of cancer">management of some cancers</a>), but they are not inherently mutually exclusive; often therapy can be both curative and palliative simultaneously. <a href="/wiki/Supportive_psychotherapy" title="Supportive psychotherapy">Supportive psychotherapy</a> aims to support the patient by alleviating the worst of the symptoms, with the expectation that <a href="#Definitive_therapy">definitive therapy</a> can follow later if possible. </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <th scope="row"><span class="anchor" id="Systemic_therapy"></span> systemic therapy </th> <td>A therapy that is <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/systemic#Adjective" class="extiw" title="wikt:systemic">systemic</a>. In the physiological <a href="/wiki/Word_sense" title="Word sense">sense</a>, this means affecting the whole body (rather than being local or locoregional), whether via <a href="/wiki/Systemic_administration" title="Systemic administration">systemic administration</a>, systemic effect, or both. <a href="/wiki/Systemic_therapy_(psychotherapy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Systemic therapy (psychotherapy)">Systemic therapy in the psychotherapeutic sense</a> seeks to address people not only on the individual level but also as people in relationships, dealing with the interactions of groups. </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_therapy_composition">By therapy composition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Therapy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: By therapy composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Treatments can be classified according to the method of treatment: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_matter">By <a href="/wiki/Matter" title="Matter">matter</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Therapy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: By matter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>by <a href="/wiki/Drug" title="Drug">drugs</a>: <a href="/wiki/Pharmacotherapy" title="Pharmacotherapy">pharmacotherapy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chemotherapy" title="Chemotherapy">chemotherapy</a> (also, <i>medical therapy</i> often means specifically pharmacotherapy)</li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Medical_device" title="Medical device">medical devices</a>: <a href="/wiki/Implant_(medicine)" title="Implant (medicine)">implantation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_resynchronization_therapy" title="Cardiac resynchronization therapy">cardiac resynchronization therapy</a></li></ul></li> <li>by specific <a href="/wiki/Molecule" title="Molecule">molecules</a>: <a href="/wiki/Molecular_medicine" title="Molecular medicine">molecular therapy</a> (although most drugs are specific molecules, <i>molecular medicine</i> refers in particular to medicine relying on <a href="/wiki/Molecular_biology" title="Molecular biology">molecular biology</a>) <ul><li>by specific <a href="/wiki/Biomolecule" title="Biomolecule">biomolecular</a> targets: <a href="/wiki/Targeted_therapy" title="Targeted therapy">targeted therapy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_chaperone_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Molecular chaperone therapy">molecular chaperone therapy</a></li></ul></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Chelation" title="Chelation">chelation</a>: <a href="/wiki/Chelation_therapy" title="Chelation therapy">chelation therapy</a></li></ul></li> <li>by specific <a href="/wiki/Chemical_element" title="Chemical element">chemical elements</a>: <ul><li>by <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metals</a>: <ul><li>by <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_(chemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heavy metal (chemistry)">heavy metals</a>: <ul><li>by <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a>: <a href="/wiki/Chrysotherapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Chrysotherapy">chrysotherapy</a> (aurotherapy)</li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">platinum</a>-containing drugs: <a href="/wiki/Platinum-based_antineoplastic" title="Platinum-based antineoplastic">platin therapy</a></li></ul></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Biometal_(biology)" title="Biometal (biology)">biometals</a> <ul><li>by <a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">lithium</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lithium_(medication)" title="Lithium (medication)">lithium therapy</a></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Potassium_in_biology" title="Potassium in biology">potassium</a>: <a href="/wiki/Potassium#Supplementation" title="Potassium">potassium supplementation</a></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Magnesium_in_biology" title="Magnesium in biology">magnesium</a>: <a href="/wiki/Magnesium_(pharmaceutical_preparation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnesium (pharmaceutical preparation)">magnesium supplementation</a></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium">chromium</a>: <a href="/wiki/Chromium_deficiency#Supplementation" title="Chromium deficiency">chromium supplementation</a>; <a href="/wiki/Phonemic_neurological_hypochromium_therapy" title="Phonemic neurological hypochromium therapy">phonemic neurological hypochromium therapy</a></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>: <a href="/wiki/Copper_in_health#Supplementation" class="mw-redirect" title="Copper in health">copper supplementation</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Nonmetal_(chemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonmetal (chemistry)">nonmetals</a>: <ul><li>by diatomic <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a>: <a href="/wiki/Oxygen_therapy" title="Oxygen therapy">oxygen therapy</a>, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (<a href="/wiki/Hyperbaric_medicine" title="Hyperbaric medicine">hyperbaric medicine</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transdermal_continuous_oxygen_therapy" title="Transdermal continuous oxygen therapy">transdermal continuous oxygen therapy</a></li></ul></li> <li>by triatomic oxygen (<a href="/wiki/Ozone" title="Ozone">ozone</a>): <a href="/wiki/Ozone_therapy" title="Ozone therapy">ozone therapy</a></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Fluoride" title="Fluoride">fluoride</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fluoride_therapy" title="Fluoride therapy">fluoride therapy</a></li> <li>by other gases: <a href="/wiki/Medical_gas_therapy" title="Medical gas therapy">medical gas therapy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hydrotherapy" title="Hydrotherapy">hydrotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquatic_therapy" title="Aquatic therapy">aquatic therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehydration_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Rehydration therapy">rehydration therapy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oral_rehydration_therapy" title="Oral rehydration therapy">oral rehydration therapy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_cure_(therapy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Water cure (therapy)">water cure (therapy)</a></li></ul></li> <li>by biological materials (<a href="/wiki/Biogenic_substance" title="Biogenic substance">biogenic substances</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biomolecule" title="Biomolecule">biomolecules</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biotic_material" title="Biotic material">biotic materials</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natural_product" title="Natural product">natural products</a>), including their <a href="/wiki/Chemical_synthesis" title="Chemical synthesis">synthetic</a> equivalents: <a href="/wiki/Biopharmaceutical" title="Biopharmaceutical">biotherapy</a> <ul><li>by whole <a href="/wiki/Organism" title="Organism">organisms</a> <ul><li>by <a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">viruses</a>: <a href="/wiki/Virotherapy" title="Virotherapy">virotherapy</a></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Bacteriophage" title="Bacteriophage">bacteriophages</a>: <a href="/wiki/Phage_therapy" title="Phage therapy">phage therapy</a></li> <li>by animal interaction: <i>see <a href="#By_animal_interaction">animal interaction</a> section</i></li></ul></li> <li>by constituents or products of organisms <ul><li>by <a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">plant</a> parts or extracts (but many drugs are derived from plants, even when the term <i>phytotherapy</i> is not used) <ul><li>scientific type: <a href="/wiki/Phytotherapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Phytotherapy">phytotherapy</a></li> <li>traditional (prescientific) type: <a href="/wiki/Herbalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbalism">herbalism</a></li></ul></li> <li>by animal parts: <a href="/wiki/Quackery" title="Quackery">quackery</a> involving shark fins, tiger parts, and so on, often driving <a href="/wiki/Threatened_species" title="Threatened species">threat</a> or <a href="/wiki/Endangered_species" title="Endangered species">endangerment</a> of species</li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">genes</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gene_therapy" title="Gene therapy">gene therapy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gene_therapy_for_epilepsy" title="Gene therapy for epilepsy">gene therapy for epilepsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_therapy_for_osteoarthritis" title="Gene therapy for osteoarthritis">gene therapy for osteoarthritis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_therapy_for_color_blindness" title="Gene therapy for color blindness">gene therapy for color blindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_therapy_of_the_human_retina" title="Gene therapy of the human retina">gene therapy of the human retina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_therapy_in_Parkinson%27s_disease" title="Gene therapy in Parkinson's disease">gene therapy in Parkinson's disease</a></li></ul></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Epigenetics" title="Epigenetics">epigenetics</a>: <a href="/wiki/Epigenetic_therapy" title="Epigenetic therapy">epigenetic therapy</a></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">proteins</a>: <a href="/wiki/Protein_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Protein therapy">protein therapy</a> (but many drugs are proteins despite not being called protein therapy)</li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzymes</a>: <a href="/wiki/Enzyme_replacement_therapy" title="Enzyme replacement therapy">enzyme replacement therapy</a></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Hormone" title="Hormone">hormones</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hormone_therapy" title="Hormone therapy">hormone therapy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hormonal_therapy_(oncology)" title="Hormonal therapy (oncology)">hormonal therapy (oncology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hormone_replacement_therapy" title="Hormone replacement therapy">hormone replacement therapy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estrogen_replacement_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Estrogen replacement therapy">estrogen replacement therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Androgen_replacement_therapy" title="Androgen replacement therapy">androgen replacement therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hormone_replacement_therapy_(menopause)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hormone replacement therapy (menopause)">hormone replacement therapy (menopause)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_hormone_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender hormone therapy">transgender hormone therapy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminizing_hormone_therapy" title="Feminizing hormone therapy">feminizing hormone therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masculinizing_hormone_therapy" title="Masculinizing hormone therapy">masculinizing hormone therapy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antihormone_therapy" title="Antihormone therapy">antihormone therapy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Androgen_deprivation_therapy" title="Androgen deprivation therapy">androgen deprivation therapy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>by whole <a href="/wiki/Cell_(biology)" title="Cell (biology)">cells</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cell_therapy" title="Cell therapy">cell therapy</a> (cytotherapy) <ul><li>by <a href="/wiki/Stem_cell" title="Stem cell">stem cells</a>: <a href="/wiki/Stem_cell_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Stem cell therapy">stem cell therapy</a></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/White_blood_cell" title="White blood cell">immune cells</a>: <i>see immune system products below</i></li></ul></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Immune_system" title="Immune system">immune system</a> products: <a href="/wiki/Immunotherapy" title="Immunotherapy">immunotherapy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Host_modulatory_therapy" title="Host modulatory therapy">host modulatory therapy</a> <ul><li>by <a href="/wiki/White_blood_cell" title="White blood cell">immune cells</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T-cell_vaccination" title="T-cell vaccination">T-cell vaccination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cell_transfer_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Cell transfer therapy">cell transfer therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autologous_immune_enhancement_therapy" title="Autologous immune enhancement therapy">autologous immune enhancement therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TK_cell_therapy" title="TK cell therapy">TK cell therapy</a></li></ul></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Humoral_immunity" title="Humoral immunity">humoral immune factors</a>: antibody therapy <ul><li>by whole <a href="/wiki/Serum_(blood)" title="Serum (blood)">serum</a>: serotherapy, including <a href="/wiki/Antiserum" title="Antiserum">antiserum</a> therapy</li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Antibody" title="Antibody">immunoglobulins</a>: <a href="/wiki/Immunoglobulin_therapy" title="Immunoglobulin therapy">immunoglobulin therapy</a> <ul><li>by <a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody" title="Monoclonal antibody">monoclonal antibodies</a>: <a href="/wiki/Monoclonal_antibody_therapy" title="Monoclonal antibody therapy">monoclonal antibody therapy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Urine" title="Urine">urine</a>: <a href="/wiki/Urine_therapy" title="Urine therapy">urine therapy</a> (some scientific forms; many prescientific or pseudoscientific forms)</li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Food" title="Food">food</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dieting" title="Dieting">dietary</a> choices: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_nutrition_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical nutrition therapy">medical nutrition therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grape_therapy" title="Grape therapy">grape therapy</a> (quackery)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Salt_(chemistry)" title="Salt (chemistry)">salts</a> (but many drugs are the salts of organic acids, even when drug therapy is not called by names reflecting that) <ul><li>by <a href="/wiki/Salt_(chemistry)" title="Salt (chemistry)">salts</a> in the air <ul><li>by natural dry salt air: "taking the cure" in <a href="/wiki/Desert" title="Desert">desert</a> locales (especially common in prescientific medicine; for example, one 19th-century way to treat tuberculosis)</li> <li>by artificial dry salt air: <ul><li>low-humidity forms of <a href="/wiki/Speleotherapy" title="Speleotherapy">speleotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negative_air_ionization_therapy" title="Negative air ionization therapy">negative air ionization therapy</a></li></ul></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Salt_air" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt air">moist salt air</a>: <ul><li>by natural moist salt air: <a href="/wiki/Seaside_resort" title="Seaside resort">seaside cure</a> (especially common in prescientific medicine)</li> <li>by artificial moist salt air: water vapor forms of <a href="/wiki/Speleotherapy" title="Speleotherapy">speleotherapy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Salt_(chemistry)" title="Salt (chemistry)">salts</a> in the water <ul><li>by <a href="/wiki/Mineral_water" title="Mineral water">mineral water</a>: <a href="/wiki/Spa_town" title="Spa town">spa cure</a> ("taking the waters") (especially common in prescientific medicine)</li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Seawater" title="Seawater">seawater</a>: <a href="/wiki/Seaside_resort" title="Seaside resort">seaside cure</a> (especially common in prescientific medicine)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Aroma" class="mw-redirect" title="Aroma">aroma</a>: <a href="/wiki/Aromatherapy" title="Aromatherapy">aromatherapy</a></li> <li>by other materials with mechanism of action unknown <ul><li>by occlusion with duct tape: <a href="/wiki/Duct_tape_occlusion_therapy" title="Duct tape occlusion therapy">duct tape occlusion therapy</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_energy">By <a href="/wiki/Energy" title="Energy">energy</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Therapy&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: By energy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>by <a href="/wiki/Electric_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Electric energy">electric energy</a> as <a href="/wiki/Electric_current" title="Electric current">electric current</a>: <a href="/wiki/Electrotherapy" title="Electrotherapy">electrotherapy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electroconvulsive_therapy" title="Electroconvulsive therapy">electroconvulsive therapy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transcranial_magnetic_stimulation" title="Transcranial magnetic stimulation">Transcranial magnetic stimulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagus_nerve_stimulation" title="Vagus nerve stimulation">Vagus nerve stimulation</a></li></ul></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_energy" title="Magnetic energy">magnetic energy</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magnet_therapy" title="Magnet therapy">magnet therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulsed_electromagnetic_field_therapy" title="Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy">pulsed electromagnetic field therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_resonance_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetic resonance therapy">magnetic resonance therapy</a></li></ul></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation" title="Electromagnetic radiation">electromagnetic radiation</a> (EMR): <ul><li>by <a href="/wiki/Light" title="Light">light</a>: <a href="/wiki/Light_therapy" title="Light therapy">light therapy</a> (phototherapy) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_light_therapy" title="Ultraviolet light therapy">ultraviolet light therapy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PUVA_therapy" title="PUVA therapy">PUVA therapy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photodynamic_therapy" title="Photodynamic therapy">photodynamic therapy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Photothermal_therapy" title="Photothermal therapy">photothermal therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytoluminescent_therapy" title="Cytoluminescent therapy">cytoluminescent therapy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_irradiation_therapy" title="Blood irradiation therapy">blood irradiation therapy</a></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Darkness" title="Darkness">darkness</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dark_therapy" title="Dark therapy">dark therapy</a></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Laser" title="Laser">lasers</a>: <a href="/wiki/Laser_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Laser therapy">laser therapy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Low_level_laser_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Low level laser therapy">low level laser therapy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Gamma_ray" title="Gamma ray">gamma rays</a>: <a href="/wiki/Radiosurgery" title="Radiosurgery">radiosurgery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radiosurgery#Gamma_Knife" title="Radiosurgery">Gamma Knife radiosurgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotactic_radiation_therapy" title="Stereotactic radiation therapy">stereotactic radiation therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobalt_therapy" title="Cobalt therapy">cobalt therapy</a></li></ul></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Radiation" title="Radiation">radiation</a> generally: <a href="/wiki/Radiation_therapy" title="Radiation therapy">radiation therapy</a> (radiotherapy) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intraoperative_radiation_therapy" title="Intraoperative radiation therapy">intraoperative radiation therapy</a></li> <li>by EMR <a href="/wiki/Particle" title="Particle">particles</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Particle_therapy" title="Particle therapy">particle therapy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proton_therapy" title="Proton therapy">proton therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electron_therapy" title="Electron therapy">electron therapy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intraoperative_electron_radiation_therapy" title="Intraoperative electron radiation therapy">intraoperative electron radiation therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auger_therapy" title="Auger therapy">Auger therapy</a></li></ul></li> <li>neutron therapy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fast_neutron_therapy" title="Fast neutron therapy">fast neutron therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutron_capture_therapy_of_cancer" title="Neutron capture therapy of cancer">neutron capture therapy of cancer</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Radioisotope" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioisotope">radioisotopes</a> emitting EMR: <ul><li>by <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_medicine" title="Nuclear medicine">nuclear medicine</a></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Brachytherapy" title="Brachytherapy">brachytherapy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>quackery type: <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_therapy_(alternative_medicine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electromagnetic therapy (alternative medicine)">electromagnetic therapy (alternative medicine)</a></li></ul></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Mechanics" title="Mechanics">mechanical</a>: <a href="/wiki/Manual_therapy" title="Manual therapy">manual therapy</a> as <a href="/wiki/Massotherapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Massotherapy">massotherapy</a> and therapy by <a href="/wiki/Exercise" title="Exercise">exercise</a> as in <a href="/wiki/Physical_therapy" title="Physical therapy">physical therapy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inversion_therapy" title="Inversion therapy">inversion therapy</a></li></ul></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Sound" title="Sound">sound</a>: <ul><li>by <a href="/wiki/Ultrasound" title="Ultrasound">ultrasound</a>: <ul><li>ultrasonic <a href="/wiki/Lithotripsy" title="Lithotripsy">lithotripsy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extracorporeal_shockwave_therapy" title="Extracorporeal shockwave therapy">extracorporeal shockwave therapy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonodynamic_therapy" title="Sonodynamic therapy">sonodynamic therapy</a></li></ul></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a>: <a href="/wiki/Music_therapy" title="Music therapy">music therapy</a></li></ul></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temperature</a> <ul><li>by <a href="/wiki/Heat" title="Heat">heat</a>: <a href="/wiki/Heat_therapy" title="Heat therapy">heat therapy</a> (thermotherapy) <ul><li>by moderately elevated ambient temperatures: <a href="/wiki/Hyperthermia_therapy" title="Hyperthermia therapy">hyperthermia therapy</a> <ul><li>by dry warm surroundings: <a href="/wiki/Waon_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Waon therapy">Waon therapy</a></li> <li>by dry or humid warm surroundings: <a href="/wiki/Sauna" title="Sauna">sauna</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Infrared_sauna" title="Infrared sauna">infrared sauna</a>, for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sweat_therapy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sweat therapy (page does not exist)">sweat therapy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Cold" title="Cold">cold</a>: <ul><li>by extreme cold to specific tissue volumes: <a href="/wiki/Cryotherapy" title="Cryotherapy">cryotherapy</a></li> <li>by ice and compression: <a href="/wiki/Cold_compression_therapy" title="Cold compression therapy">cold compression therapy</a></li> <li>by ambient cold: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypothermia_therapy_for_neonatal_encephalopathy" title="Hypothermia therapy for neonatal encephalopathy">hypothermia therapy for neonatal encephalopathy</a> (in newborns)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targeted_temperature_management" title="Targeted temperature management">targeted temperature management</a> (therapeutic hypothermia, protective hypothermia)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>by hot and cold alternation: <a href="/wiki/Contrast_bath_therapy" title="Contrast bath therapy">contrast bath therapy</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_procedure_and_human_interaction">By procedure and human interaction</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Therapy&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: By procedure and human interaction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surgery" title="Surgery">Surgery</a></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Counseling" class="mw-redirect" title="Counseling">counseling</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Psychotherapy" title="Psychotherapy">psychotherapy</a> (<i>see also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_psychotherapies" title="List of psychotherapies">list of psychotherapies</a></i>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Systemic_therapy" title="Systemic therapy">systemic therapy</a></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Group_psychotherapy" title="Group psychotherapy">group psychotherapy</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_behavioral_therapy" title="Cognitive behavioral therapy">cognitive behavioral therapy</a> <ul><li>by <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_therapy" title="Cognitive therapy">cognitive therapy</a></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Behaviour_therapy" title="Behaviour therapy">behaviour therapy</a> <ul><li>by <a href="/wiki/Dialectical_behavior_therapy" title="Dialectical behavior therapy">dialectical behavior therapy</a></li></ul></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_emotional_behavioral_therapy" title="Cognitive emotional behavioral therapy">cognitive emotional behavioral therapy</a></li></ul></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_rehabilitation_therapy" title="Cognitive rehabilitation therapy">cognitive rehabilitation therapy</a></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Family_therapy" title="Family therapy">family therapy</a></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">education</a> <ul><li>by <a href="/wiki/Psychoeducation" title="Psychoeducation">psychoeducation</a></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Information_therapy" title="Information therapy">information therapy</a></li></ul></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Speech_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Speech therapy">speech therapy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physical_therapy" title="Physical therapy">physical therapy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Occupational_therapy" title="Occupational therapy">occupational therapy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vision_therapy" title="Vision therapy">vision therapy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massage" title="Massage">massage</a> therapy, <a href="/wiki/Chiropractic" title="Chiropractic">chiropractic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Acupuncture" title="Acupuncture">acupuncture</a></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Lifestyle_medicine" title="Lifestyle medicine">lifestyle modifications</a>, such as avoiding <a href="/wiki/Junk_food" title="Junk food">unhealthy food</a> or maintaining a predictable <a href="/wiki/Sleep" title="Sleep">sleep</a> schedule</li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Coaching" title="Coaching">coaching</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_animal_interaction">By animal interaction</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Therapy&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: By animal interaction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>by <a href="/wiki/Pet" title="Pet">pets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assistance_animal" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistance animal">assistance animals</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Working_animal" title="Working animal">working animals</a>: <a href="/wiki/Animal-assisted_therapy" title="Animal-assisted therapy">animal-assisted therapy</a> <ul><li>by <a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">horses</a>: <a href="/wiki/Equine_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Equine therapy">equine therapy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hippotherapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Hippotherapy">hippotherapy</a></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Dog" title="Dog">dogs</a>: pet therapy with <a href="/wiki/Therapy_dog" title="Therapy dog">therapy dogs</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Grief_therapy_dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Grief therapy dog">grief therapy dogs</a></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Cat" title="Cat">cats</a>: pet therapy with <a href="/wiki/Therapy_cat" class="mw-redirect" title="Therapy cat">therapy cats</a></li></ul></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">fish</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ichthyotherapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Ichthyotherapy">ichthyotherapy</a> (wading with fish), <a href="/wiki/Aquarium_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquarium therapy">aquarium therapy</a> (watching fish)</li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Maggot" title="Maggot">maggots</a>: <a href="/wiki/Maggot_therapy" title="Maggot therapy">maggot therapy</a></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Worm" title="Worm">worms</a>: <ul><li>by internal worms: <a href="/wiki/Helminthic_therapy" title="Helminthic therapy">helminthic therapy</a></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Leech" title="Leech">leeches</a>: <a href="/wiki/Leech_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Leech therapy">leech therapy</a></li></ul></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Immersion_therapy" title="Immersion therapy">immersion</a>: <a href="/wiki/Animal_bath" title="Animal bath">animal bath</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_meditation">By <a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">meditation</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Therapy&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: By meditation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>by <a href="/wiki/Mindfulness" title="Mindfulness">mindfulness</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mindfulness-based_cognitive_therapy" title="Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy">mindfulness-based cognitive therapy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_reading">By <a href="/wiki/Reading_(process)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reading (process)">reading</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Therapy&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: By reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>by <a href="/wiki/Bibliotherapy" title="Bibliotherapy">bibliotherapy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_creativity">By <a href="/wiki/Creativity" title="Creativity">creativity</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Therapy&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: By creativity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>by expression: <a href="/wiki/Expressive_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Expressive therapy">expressive therapy</a> <ul><li>by <a href="/wiki/Writing" title="Writing">writing</a>: <a href="/wiki/Writing_therapy" title="Writing therapy">writing therapy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Journal_therapy" title="Journal therapy">journal therapy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Play_(activity)" title="Play (activity)">play</a>: <a href="/wiki/Play_therapy" title="Play therapy">play therapy</a></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">art</a>: <a href="/wiki/Art_therapy" title="Art therapy">art therapy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sensory_art_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sensory art therapy">sensory art therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comic_book_therapy" title="Comic book therapy">comic book therapy</a></li></ul></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Gardening" title="Gardening">gardening</a>: <a href="/wiki/Horticultural_therapy" title="Horticultural therapy">horticultural therapy</a></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Dance" title="Dance">dance</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dance_therapy" title="Dance therapy">dance therapy</a></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Drama" title="Drama">drama</a>: <a href="/wiki/Drama_therapy" title="Drama therapy">drama therapy</a></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Recreation" title="Recreation">recreation</a>: <a href="/wiki/Recreational_therapy" title="Recreational therapy">recreational therapy</a></li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Music" title="Music">music</a>: <a href="/wiki/Music_therapy" title="Music therapy">music therapy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="By_sleeping_and_waking">By <a href="/wiki/Sleep" title="Sleep">sleeping</a> and waking</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Therapy&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: By sleeping and waking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>by <a href="/wiki/Deep_sleep" class="mw-redirect" title="Deep sleep">deep sleep</a>: <a href="/wiki/Deep_sleep_therapy" title="Deep sleep therapy">deep sleep therapy</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>by sleep deprivation: <a href="/wiki/Wake_therapy" title="Wake therapy">wake therapy</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Therapy&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biophilia_hypothesis" title="Biophilia hypothesis">Biophilia hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classification_of_Pharmaco-Therapeutic_Referrals" title="Classification of Pharmaco-Therapeutic Referrals">Classification of Pharmaco-Therapeutic Referrals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compassion-focused_therapy" title="Compassion-focused therapy">Compassion-focused therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotionally_focused_therapy" title="Emotionally focused therapy">Emotionally focused therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greyhound_therapy" title="Greyhound therapy">Greyhound therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inverse_benefit_law" title="Inverse benefit law">Inverse benefit law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_therapies" title="List of therapies">List of therapies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mature_minor_doctrine" title="Mature minor doctrine">Mature minor doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medication" title="Medication">Medication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutraceutical" title="Nutraceutical">Nutraceutical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prevention_(medical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prevention (medical)">Prevention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_therapy" title="Psychedelic therapy">Psychedelic therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therapeutic_inertia" title="Therapeutic inertia">Therapeutic inertia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therapeutic_nihilism" title="Therapeutic nihilism">Therapeutic nihilism</a>, the idea that treatment is useless</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treatment_as_prevention" title="Treatment as prevention">Treatment as prevention</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Therapy&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=therapy">"therapy | Search Online Etymology Dictionary"</a>. <i>www.etymonline.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.etymonline.com&rft.atitle=therapy+%26%23124%3B+Search+Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Fsearch%3Fq%3Dtherapy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATherapy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cancer.gov/dictionary/?CdrID=346494">National Cancer Institute > Dictionary of Cancer Terms > first-line therapy</a> Retrieved July 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120213075456/http://www.cfids.org/about-cfids/supportive-therapy.asp">"CFIDS"</a>. CFIDS. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cfids.org/about-cfids/supportive-therapy.asp">the original</a> on 2012-02-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-01-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CFIDS&rft.pub=CFIDS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfids.org%2Fabout-cfids%2Fsupportive-therapy.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATherapy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwartz" class="citation news cs1">Schwartz, Jeremy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://health.usnews.com/health-care/for-better/articles/2017-07-14/5-reasons-to-consider-group-therapy">"5 Reasons to Consider Group Therapy"</a>. <i>U.S. News & World Report</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170722190031/http://health.usnews.com/health-care/for-better/articles/2017-07-14/5-reasons-to-consider-group-therapy">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=5+Reasons+to+Consider+Group+Therapy&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhealth.usnews.com%2Fhealth-care%2Ffor-better%2Farticles%2F2017-07-14%2F5-reasons-to-consider-group-therapy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATherapy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShorter1996" class="citation journal cs1">Shorter, Edward (January 1996). "The beginning of psychopharmacology: Deep-sleep therapies". <i>European Psychiatry</i>. <b>11</b>: 236s. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0924-9338%2896%2988707-4">10.1016/0924-9338(96)88707-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144323687">144323687</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Psychiatry&rft.atitle=The+beginning+of+psychopharmacology%3A+Deep-sleep+therapies&rft.volume=11&rft.pages=236s&rft.date=1996-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0924-9338%2896%2988707-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144323687%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Shorter&rft.aufirst=Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATherapy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinkelKrystalBenca2017" class="citation book cs1">Minkel, Jared D.; Krystal, Andrew D.; Benca, Ruth M. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323242882001379">"Unipolar Major Depression"</a>. In Kryger, Meir; Roth, Thomas; Dement, William C. (eds.). <i>Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine</i> (6th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. pp. 1352–1362. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-323-24288-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-323-24288-2"><bdi>978-0-323-24288-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Unipolar+Major+Depression&rft.btitle=Principles+and+Practice+of+Sleep+Medicine&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+PA&rft.pages=1352-1362&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-323-24288-2&rft.aulast=Minkel&rft.aufirst=Jared+D.&rft.au=Krystal%2C+Andrew+D.&rft.au=Benca%2C+Ruth+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB9780323242882001379&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATherapy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Therapy&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Therapies" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Therapies">Therapies</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/therapy" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:therapy"><i>therapy</i></a> at Wiktionary</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/7384">"Chapter Nine of the Book of Medicine Dedicated to Mansur, with the Commentary of Sillanus de Nigris"</a> is a Latin book by <a href="/wiki/Rhazes" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhazes">Rhazes</a>, from 1483, that is known for its ninth chapter, which is about therapeutics</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="Gynaecology">Gynaecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gynecologic_oncology" title="Gynecologic oncology">Gynecologic oncology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maternal%E2%80%93fetal_medicine" title="Maternal–fetal medicine">Maternal–fetal medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obstetrics" title="Obstetrics">Obstetrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_endocrinology_and_infertility" title="Reproductive endocrinology and infertility">Reproductive endocrinology and infertility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urogynecology" title="Urogynecology">Urogynecology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medical_diagnosis" title="Medical diagnosis">Diagnostic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radiology" title="Radiology">Radiology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interventional_radiology" title="Interventional radiology">Interventional radiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroradiology" title="Neuroradiology">Neuroradiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_medicine" title="Nuclear medicine">Nuclear medicine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathology" title="Pathology">Pathology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_pathology" title="Anatomical pathology">Anatomical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_pathology" title="Clinical pathology">Clinical pathology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_chemistry" title="Clinical chemistry">Clinical chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytopathology" title="Cytopathology">Cytopathology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_microbiology" title="Medical microbiology">Medical microbiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfusion_medicine" title="Transfusion medicine">Transfusion medicine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addiction_medicine" title="Addiction medicine">Addiction medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolescent_medicine" title="Adolescent medicine">Adolescent medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anesthesiology" title="Anesthesiology">Anesthesiology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Obstetric_anesthesiology" title="Obstetric anesthesiology">Obstetric anesthesiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurosurgical_anesthesia" title="Neurosurgical anesthesia">Neurosurgical anesthesiology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_medicine" title="Aviation medicine">Aviation medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dermatology" title="Dermatology">Dermatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_medicine" title="Disaster medicine">Disaster medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_medicine" title="Diving medicine">Diving medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_medicine" title="Emergency medicine">Emergency medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_gathering_medicine" title="Mass gathering medicine">Mass gathering medicine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_medicine" title="Evolutionary medicine">Evolutionary medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_medicine" title="Family medicine">Family medicine</a> / <a href="/wiki/General_practice" title="General practice">General practice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_medicine" title="Hospital medicine">Hospital medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intensive_care_medicine" title="Intensive care medicine">Intensive care medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_genetics" title="Medical genetics">Medical genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcology" title="Narcology">Narcology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurology" title="Neurology">Neurology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_neurophysiology" title="Clinical neurophysiology">Clinical neurophysiology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_medicine" title="Occupational medicine">Occupational medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophthalmology" title="Ophthalmology">Ophthalmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_medicine" title="Oral medicine">Oral medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_management" title="Pain management">Pain management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palliative_care" title="Palliative care">Palliative care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pediatrics" title="Pediatrics">Pediatrics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neonatology" title="Neonatology">Neonatology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phlebologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Phlebologist">Phlebology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_medicine_and_rehabilitation" title="Physical medicine and rehabilitation">Physical medicine and rehabilitation</a> (PM&R)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preventive_healthcare" title="Preventive healthcare">Preventive medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_healthcare" title="Prison healthcare">Prison healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychiatry" title="Psychiatry">Psychiatry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addiction_psychiatry" title="Addiction psychiatry">Addiction psychiatry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiation_therapy" title="Radiation therapy">Radiation oncology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_medicine" title="Reproductive medicine">Reproductive medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_medicine" title="Sexual medicine">Sexual medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venereology" title="Venereology">Venereology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_medicine" title="Sleep medicine">Sleep medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_medicine" title="Sports medicine">Sports medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_transplantation" title="Organ transplantation">Transplantation medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_medicine" title="Tropical medicine">Tropical medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Travel_medicine" title="Travel medicine">Travel 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Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Osteopathic_Medicine" title="Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine">Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MD%E2%80%93PhD" title="MD–PhD">MD–PhD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_Scientist_Training_Program" title="Medical Scientist Training Program">Medical Scientist Training Program</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">Alternative medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_health_professions" title="Allied health professions">Allied health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_oncology" title="Molecular oncology">Molecular oncology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanomedicine" title="Nanomedicine">Nanomedicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personalized_medicine" title="Personalized medicine">Personalized medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">Public health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_health" title="Rural health">Rural health</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">Traditional medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veterinary_medicine" title="Veterinary medicine">Veterinary medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">Physician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_physician" title="Chief physician">Chief physician</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Medicine" title="Category:Medicine">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Medicine" class="extiw" title="commons:Medicine">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Medicine">Wikiproject</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Medicine" title="Portal:Medicine">Portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_medicine" title="Outline of medicine">Outline</a></li></ul> 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