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aria-controls="toc-Descrizione-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione Descrizione</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Descrizione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Etimologia_e_storia_del_termine_gas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologia_e_storia_del_termine_gas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Etimologia e storia del termine <i>gas</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologia_e_storia_del_termine_gas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-I_gas_perfetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#I_gas_perfetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>I gas perfetti</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-I_gas_perfetti-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Attiva/disattiva la sottosezione I gas perfetti</span> </button> <ul id="toc-I_gas_perfetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Legge_isoterma_(o_legge_di_Boyle)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legge_isoterma_(o_legge_di_Boyle)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Legge isoterma (o legge di Boyle)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legge_isoterma_(o_legge_di_Boyle)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legge_isobara_(o_prima_legge_di_Gay-Lussac)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legge_isobara_(o_prima_legge_di_Gay-Lussac)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Legge isobara (o prima legge di Gay-Lussac)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legge_isobara_(o_prima_legge_di_Gay-Lussac)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legge_isocora_(o_seconda_legge_di_Gay-Lussac)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legge_isocora_(o_seconda_legge_di_Gay-Lussac)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Legge isocora (o seconda legge di Gay-Lussac)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legge_isocora_(o_seconda_legge_di_Gay-Lussac)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-I_gas_reali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#I_gas_reali"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>I gas reali</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-I_gas_reali-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Indice" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gas</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 156 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-156" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">156 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - tedesco svizzero" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tedesco svizzero" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyft" title="Lyft - inglese antico" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Lyft" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="inglese antico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8" title="गैस - angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="गैस" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="غاز - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غاز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DD%A3%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="ݣاز - arabo marocchino" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ݣاز" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabo marocchino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="غاز - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="غاز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9B" title="গেছ - assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="গেছ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8" title="गैस - awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="गैस" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaz" title="Qaz - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qaz" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="قاز - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قاز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Газ - baschiro" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Газ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baschiro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doj%C4%97s" title="Dojės - samogitico" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Dojės" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Газ - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Газ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Газ - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Газ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Газ - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Газ" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8" title="गैस - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="गैस" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5" title="গ্যাসীয় পদার্থ - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্যাসীয় পদার্থ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaz" title="Gaz - bretone" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gaz" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plin" title="Plin - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Plin" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Хии - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хии" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9-t%C4%81%CC%A4" title="Ké-tā̤ - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ké-tā̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_(kimika)" title="Gas (kimika) - cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Gas (kimika)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="گاز - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گاز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plyn" title="Plyn - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Plyn" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Газ - ciuvascio" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Газ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nwy" title="Nwy - gallese" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Nwy" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Αέριο - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αέριο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaso" title="Gaso - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gaso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaas" title="Gaas - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gaas" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - estremegno" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="estremegno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="گاز - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گاز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaasu" title="Kaasu - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kaasu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasi" title="Kasi - figiano" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Kasi" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="figiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaz" title="Gaz - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gaz" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - frisone settentrionale" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisone settentrionale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1s" title="Gás - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gás" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - gaelico scozzese" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelico scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pytundyry" title="Pytundyry - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Pytundyry" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%81" title="વાયુ - gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વાયુ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - mannese" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi-th%C3%AD" title="Hi-thí - hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hi-thí" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%96" title="גז - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גז" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B8" title="गैस - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गैस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - hindi figiano" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi figiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plin" title="Plin - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Plin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaz" title="Gaz - creolo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Gaz" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="creolo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1z" title="Gáz - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gáz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%A6" title="Գազ - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գազ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%A6" title="Կազ - Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Կազ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaso" title="Gaso - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gaso" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%97%E4%BD%93" title="気体 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="気体" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gias" title="Gias - creolo giamaicano" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Gias" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="creolo giamaicano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/gapci" title="gapci - lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="gapci" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - giavanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="giavanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="აირი - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აირი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Газ - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Газ" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2" title="ಅನಿಲ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅನಿಲ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%B2%B4" title="기체 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기체" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaz" title="Gaz - curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Gaz" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Газ - kirghiso" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Газ" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghiso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaas" title="Gaas - limburghese" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Gaas" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dujos" title="Dujos - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dujos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%81ze" title="Gāze - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gāze" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etona" title="Etona - malgascio" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Etona" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - menangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="menangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Гас - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Гас" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="വാതകം - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വാതകം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Хий - mongolo" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хий" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82" title="वायू - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वायू" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%84%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7" title="အငွေ့ - birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အငွေ့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8F" title="Лекся - erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Лекся" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ggas" title="Ggas - napoletano" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Ggas" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napoletano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - basso tedesco" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="basso tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="ग्यास - nepalese" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ग्यास" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81" title="वायु - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="वायु" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_(aggregatietoestand)" title="Gas (aggregatietoestand) - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gas (aggregatietoestand)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gass" title="Gass - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gass" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gass" title="Gass - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gass" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gase" title="Gase - novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Gase" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaazii" title="Gaazii - oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Gaazii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A9%82" title="ਫੂ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫੂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaz" title="Gaz - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gaz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - piemontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="گیس - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گیس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AB%D8%A7%D8%B2" title="ګاز - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ګاز" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1s" title="Gás - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gás" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wapsi" title="Wapsi - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wapsi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaro" title="Zaro - Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Zaro" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaz" title="Gaz - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gaz" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rsk mw-list-item"><a href="https://rsk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%90%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Ґаз - Pannonian Rusyn" lang="rsk" hreflang="rsk" data-title="Ґаз" data-language-autonym="Руски" data-language-local-name="Pannonian Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Руски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Газ - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Газ" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Гаас - sacha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Гаас" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sacha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="گيس - sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="گيس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urrig" title="Urrig - tashelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Urrig" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tashelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%94" title="වායු - singalese" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="වායු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plyn" title="Plyn - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Plyn" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="گیس - Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="گیس" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plin" title="Plin - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Plin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasi" title="Gasi - shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Gasi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawo" title="Hawo - somalo" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Hawo" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazi" title="Gazi - albanese" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gazi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Гас - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гас" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesi" title="Gesi - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Gesi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goz" title="Goz - slesiano" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Goz" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="slesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="வளிமம் - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வளிமம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%81_(%E0%B0%AD%E0%B1%8C%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95_%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82)" title="వాయువు (భౌతిక శాస్త్రం) - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వాయువు (భౌతిక శాస్త్రం)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Газ - tagico" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Газ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tagico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%8A%E0%B8%AA" title="แก๊ส - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แก๊ส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaz" title="Gaz - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gaz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaz" title="Gaz - tataro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Gaz" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tataro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Хей - tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Хей" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Газ - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Газ" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="گیس - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گیس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazlar" title="Gazlar - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gazlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - veneto" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="veneto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaz" title="Gaz - vepso" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Gaz" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%A5t_kh%C3%AD" title="Chất khí - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chất khí" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goaze" title="Goaze - fiammingo occidentale" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Goaze" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="fiammingo occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A5z" title="Gåz - vallone" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Gåz" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Gas" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93" title="气体 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="气体" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="აირი - mengrelio" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="აირი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mengrelio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%90%D7%96" title="גאז - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גאז" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%B8%CC%80f%C3%BA%C3%B9f%C3%B9" title="Ẹ̀fúùfù - yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ẹ̀fúùfù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93" title="气体 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="气体" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E8%B3%AA" title="氣質 - cinese classico" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="氣質" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="cinese classico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%AC-th%C3%A9" title="Khì-thé - min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Khì-thé" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A3%E9%AB%94" title="氣體 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="氣體" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UHowo" title="UHowo - zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UHowo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11432#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130658281">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote.nota-disambigua{clear:both;margin-top:0;padding:.05em .5em}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139142988">.mw-parser-output .hatnote-content{align-items:center;display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{font-style:italic}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote{border:1px solid #CCC;display:flex;margin:.5em 0;padding:.2em .5em}body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .hatnote-text{padding-left:.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon{padding-right:8px}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-icon img{height:auto;width:16px}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new{color:#d73333}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .hatnote a.new:visited{color:#a55858}</style> <div class="hatnote noprint nota-disambigua"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/18px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/27px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/36px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Disambiguazione" title="Aiuto:Disambiguazione">Disambiguazione</a> – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi <b><a href="/wiki/Gas_(disambigua)" class="mw-disambig" title="Gas (disambigua)">Gas (disambigua)</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kinetic_theory_of_gases.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Kinetic_theory_of_gases.svg/220px-Kinetic_theory_of_gases.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Kinetic_theory_of_gases.svg/330px-Kinetic_theory_of_gases.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Kinetic_theory_of_gases.svg/440px-Kinetic_theory_of_gases.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="452" data-file-height="448" /></a><figcaption>Rappresentazione di un sistema gassoso secondo la <a href="/wiki/Teoria_cinetica_dei_gas" title="Teoria cinetica dei gas">teoria cinetica dei gas</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Un <b>gas</b> è un <a href="/wiki/Aeriforme" title="Aeriforme">aeriforme</a> la cui <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperatura</a> è superiore alla <a href="/wiki/Temperatura_critica" title="Temperatura critica">temperatura critica</a>; di conseguenza, i gas non possono essere <a href="/wiki/Liquefazione" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquefazione">liquefatti</a> senza prima essere raffreddati, al contrario dei <a href="/wiki/Vapore" title="Vapore">vapori</a>. Un gas è un <a href="/wiki/Fluido" title="Fluido">fluido</a> che non ha <a href="/wiki/Volume" title="Volume">volume</a> proprio (tende a occupare tutto il volume a sua disposizione) e che è facilmente comprimibile.<sup id="cite_ref-Mazzoldietal393_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mazzoldietal393-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nell'uso comune, il termine <i>gas</i> indica spesso lo <a href="/wiki/Stato_della_materia" title="Stato della materia">stato della materia</a> <i>aeriforme</i>. L'esempio più immediato è costituito dall'<a href="/wiki/Aria" title="Aria">aria</a>, che è in realtà una <a href="/wiki/Miscela" title="Miscela">miscela</a>, nella quale i gas più abbondanti sono l'<a href="/wiki/Azoto" title="Azoto">azoto</a> e l'<a href="/wiki/Ossigeno" title="Ossigeno">ossigeno</a>. Molti gas sono incolori anche se si ricordano tra le eccezioni il <a href="/wiki/Cloro" title="Cloro">cloro</a> (verde paglierino chiaro), lo <a href="/wiki/Iodio" title="Iodio">iodio</a> (porpora) e il <a href="/wiki/Diossido_di_azoto" title="Diossido di azoto">diossido di azoto</a> (quest'ultimo un composto, di color marrone).<sup id="cite_ref-ref_A_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref_A-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Inoltre i gas hanno importanza economica fondamentale nell'industria: come esempi ci sono l'ossigeno, usato nell'<a href="/wiki/Industria_siderurgica" class="mw-redirect" title="Industria siderurgica">industria siderurgica</a> per <a href="/wiki/Ossidazione" title="Ossidazione">ossidare</a> le impurezze del ferro nella produzione dell'<a href="/wiki/Acciaio" title="Acciaio">acciaio</a>, e l'azoto per la produzione dell'<a href="/wiki/Ammoniaca" title="Ammoniaca">ammoniaca</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ref_A_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ref_A-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologia">Etimologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Etimologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Etimologia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il termine deriva dal <a href="/wiki/Greco_antico" class="mw-redirect" title="Greco antico">greco antico</a> χάος (<i>chaos</i>), ovvero "massa informe", passando attraverso il <a href="/wiki/Lingua_francese" title="Lingua francese">francese</a> <i>gaz</i>. Fu coniato dal chimico belga <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_van_Helmont" title="Jean Baptiste van Helmont">Jean Baptiste van Helmont</a> nel 1600.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descrizione">Descrizione</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Descrizione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Descrizione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Formalmente, un gas è un <a href="/wiki/Aeriforme" title="Aeriforme">aeriforme</a> la cui temperatura è superiore alla <a href="/wiki/Temperatura_critica" title="Temperatura critica">temperatura critica</a>; gli aeriformi a temperatura inferiore a questa si dicono in stato di <a href="/wiki/Vapore" title="Vapore">vapore</a>. Un gas non è condensabile, cioè non può essere portato allo stato liquido comprimendolo a temperatura costante. Al contrario, un vapore diventa liquido quando è sufficientemente compresso a temperatura costante. Sia nel linguaggio comune sia in quello tecnico, quando non è necessario distinguere fra gli stati di gas e di vapore, si usa <i>gas</i> come sinonimo di <i>aeriforme</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I gas rappresentano lo <a href="/wiki/Stato_della_materia" title="Stato della materia">stato della materia</a> in cui le forze interatomiche e intermolecolari tra le singole particelle di una sostanza sono così piccole che non c'è più un'effettiva <a href="/wiki/Coesione" title="Coesione">coesione</a> tra di esse. Gli atomi o le molecole del gas sono liberi di muoversi assumendo ciascuno una certa velocità: le particelle atomiche o molecolari del gas quindi interagiscono urtandosi continuamente l'un l'altra. Per questo un gas non ha un volume definito ma tende a occupare tutto lo spazio a sua disposizione, e assume la forma del contenitore che lo contiene, riempiendolo. Un altro vincolo che può limitare il volume di un gas è un <a href="/wiki/Campo_gravitazionale" title="Campo gravitazionale">campo gravitazionale</a>, come nel caso dell'<a href="/wiki/Atmosfera" title="Atmosfera">atmosfera terrestre</a>. </p><p>Nel linguaggio corrente si dice che una data sostanza "è un gas" quando la sua <a href="/wiki/Temperatura_di_ebollizione" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperatura di ebollizione">temperatura di ebollizione</a> è molto al di sotto della temperatura ambiente, cioè quando si trova normalmente allo stato di gas sulla <a href="/wiki/Terra" title="Terra">Terra</a>. Per esempio è normale dire che "il <a href="/wiki/Metano" title="Metano">metano</a> è un gas mentre il <a href="/wiki/Ferro" title="Ferro">ferro</a> non lo è", sebbene il metano possa benissimo trovarsi allo stato liquido (raffreddato al di sotto di −161 <a href="/wiki/%C2%B0C" class="mw-redirect" title="°C">°C</a>, ovvero <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002112000000000000♠"></span>112 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a></span>) e il ferro allo stato gassoso (riscaldato oltre i 2 750 °C, ovvero 3 023 K). A <a href="/wiki/Temperatura_ambiente" title="Temperatura ambiente">temperatura ambiente</a> sono 11 gli <a href="/wiki/Elemento_chimico" title="Elemento chimico">elementi chimici</a> che si trovano allo stato di gas: oltre ai già citati azoto e ossigeno, hanno rilevanza l'<a href="/wiki/Elio" title="Elio">elio</a>, il <a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">neon</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">argon</a> (tutti <a href="/wiki/Gas_nobili" title="Gas nobili">gas nobili</a>) e il <a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">radon</a>, anch'esso gas nobile e unico elemento tra quelli naturalmente <a href="/wiki/Radioattivit%C3%A0" title="Radioattività">radioattivi</a> a trovarsi in uno stato non solido.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Un gas può essere approssimato a un <a href="/wiki/Gas_ideale" title="Gas ideale">gas ideale</a> quando si trova a una temperatura "molto maggiore" della sua temperatura critica, ossia che <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T\gg T_{cr}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> <mo>≫</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>c</mi> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T\gg T_{cr}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/22cd07f06e916d54a524d0c830de48201ba72f9d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.294ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T\gg T_{cr}}" /></span><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> e convenzionalmente si intende che i due termini devono differire di almeno un <a href="/wiki/Ordine_di_grandezza" title="Ordine di grandezza">ordine di grandezza</a>. Ciò equivale a chiedere che <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T>10\cdot T_{cr}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> <mo>></mo> <mn>10</mn> <mo>⋅</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>c</mi> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T>10\cdot T_{cr}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d46e72f7318949f62f014df178332e0994e78091" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:11.782ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T>10\cdot T_{cr}}" /></span>. </p><p>La temperatura critica è la temperatura corrispondente al punto di <a href="/wiki/Relazione_d%27ordine#Elementi_massimali_e_minimali.3B_massimi_e_minimi" title="Relazione d'ordine">massimo</a> della curva (a forma di campana) liquido-vapore. All'interno della campana, il fluido cambia di fase, all'esterno resta allo stato gassoso qualunque sia la sua <a href="/wiki/Pressione" title="Pressione">pressione</a>. Imponendo che <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T\gg T_{cr}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> <mo>≫</mo> <msub> <mi>T</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>c</mi> <mi>r</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T\gg T_{cr}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/22cd07f06e916d54a524d0c830de48201ba72f9d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:8.294ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T\gg T_{cr}}" /></span>, la curva del liquido-vapore può non essere rappresentata nel <a href="/wiki/Diagramma_di_Andrews" title="Diagramma di Andrews">diagramma di Andrews</a> (diagramma pressione-volume), non è visibile se si adotta una scala normale. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etimologia_e_storia_del_termine_gas">Etimologia e storia del termine <i>gas</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Etimologia e storia del termine gas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Etimologia e storia del termine gas"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il termine <i>gas</i> fu coniato dal chimico fiammingo belga <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_van_Helmont" title="Jean Baptiste van Helmont">Jean Baptiste van Helmont</a> nel <a href="/wiki/1630" title="1630">1630</a>. Sembra derivi, come spiegò <a href="/wiki/Leo_Meyer" title="Leo Meyer">Leo Meyer</a>, dalla trascrizione della sua pronuncia della parola greca χάος (<i>chàos</i>), che lui fece diventare <i>geist</i>; ma <a href="/w/index.php?title=Weigand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weigand (la pagina non esiste)">Weigand</a> e <a href="/wiki/Scheler" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheler">Scheler</a> fecero risalire l'origine etimologica al tedesco <i>gascht</i> (fermentazione): quindi sarebbe, secondo loro, inizialmente usata dal chimico <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_van_Helmont" title="Jean Baptiste van Helmont">van Helmont</a> per indicare la fermentazione vinosa. Tralasciando l'etimologia, sappiamo per certo che il chimico di Bruxelles <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_van_Helmont" title="Jean Baptiste van Helmont">van Helmont</a> all'età di 63 anni fu il primo a postulare l'esistenza di sostanze distinte nell'aria che così chiamò nei suoi saggi pubblicati dal figlio <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mercurio_van_Helmont&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mercurio van Helmont (la pagina non esiste)">Mercurio van Helmont</a>. Pochi anni dopo il chimico irlandese <a href="/wiki/Robert_Boyle" title="Robert Boyle">Robert Boyle</a> enunciò che l'aria era costituita da atomi e da vuoto e solo dopo 140 anni le affermazioni di <a href="/wiki/Robert_Boyle" title="Robert Boyle">Boyle</a> e di <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_van_Helmont" title="Jean Baptiste van Helmont">van Helmont</a> si dimostreranno vere. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="I_gas_perfetti">I gas perfetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione I gas perfetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: I gas perfetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica">fisica</a> e in <a href="/wiki/Termodinamica" title="Termodinamica">termodinamica</a> si usa generalmente l'approssimazione detta dei <i><a href="/wiki/Gas_perfetto" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas perfetto">gas perfetti</a></i>: un gas per essere <i>perfetto</i> o <i>ideale</i> deve sottostare alle cosiddette <b>ipotesi meccaniche della teoria cinetica molecolare</b>:<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>le dimensioni delle molecole del gas sono considerate trascurabili rispetto al volume del recipiente; ciò comporta che gli urti molecola-molecola e gli urti tra molecola e pareti del recipiente sono praticamente assenti. Ciò si può riassumere dicendo che il gas è rarefatto;</li> <li>il moto delle molecole è dettato dalle leggi della <a href="/wiki/Meccanica_(fisica)" title="Meccanica (fisica)">meccanica</a>, ed è casuale: il gas non tende a depositarsi in un punto particolare del recipiente (sul fondo o verso il tappo);</li> <li>le molecole vengono considerate indistinguibili;</li> <li>gli urti delle molecole con le pareti del recipiente, quando avvengono, sono <a href="/wiki/Urto_elastico" title="Urto elastico">elastici</a>: l'unico effetto dell'urto è l'inversione della <a href="/wiki/Velocit%C3%A0" title="Velocità">velocità</a> della molecola.</li></ul> <p>Queste approssimazioni conducono a formulare la legge nota come <a href="/wiki/Equazione_di_stato_dei_gas_perfetti" title="Equazione di stato dei gas perfetti">equazione di stato dei gas perfetti</a>, che descrive, in condizioni di <a href="/wiki/Equilibrio_termodinamico" title="Equilibrio termodinamico">equilibrio termodinamico</a>, la relazione fra pressione, volume e temperatura del gas: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle pV=nRT}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>p</mi> <mi>V</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mi>R</mi> <mi>T</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle pV=nRT}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/57c364f7f0b47178cfd35c3bbaf6dcb22a98cf44" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:10.94ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle pV=nRT}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>dove p è la <a href="/wiki/Pressione" title="Pressione">pressione</a>, V il <a href="/wiki/Volume" title="Volume">volume</a> occupato dal gas, n la <a href="/wiki/Quantit%C3%A0_di_sostanza" title="Quantità di sostanza">quantità di sostanza</a> del gas, R la <a href="/wiki/Costante_universale_dei_gas_perfetti" class="mw-redirect" title="Costante universale dei gas perfetti">costante universale dei gas perfetti</a> e T è la <a href="/wiki/Temperatura_assoluta" title="Temperatura assoluta">temperatura assoluta</a> (in kelvin). Per esempio, una mole di gas perfetto occupa 22,4 <a href="/wiki/Litro" title="Litro">litri</a> a temperatura di 0 <a href="/wiki/Grado_Celsius" title="Grado Celsius">°C</a> e pressione di 1 <a href="/wiki/Atmosfera_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Atmosfera (unità di misura)">atmosfera</a>. </p><p>Da questa legge discendono: </p> <ul><li>la <a href="/wiki/Legge_di_Boyle-Mariotte" title="Legge di Boyle-Mariotte">Legge di Boyle</a>;</li> <li>la <a href="/wiki/Prima_legge_di_Gay-Lussac" title="Prima legge di Gay-Lussac">Prima legge di Gay-Lussac</a>;</li> <li>la <a href="/wiki/Prima_legge_di_Gay-Lussac" title="Prima legge di Gay-Lussac">Seconda legge di Gay-Lussac</a>.</li></ul> <p>Oltre alle leggi summenzionate, per i gas perfetti vale anche la <a href="/wiki/Legge_di_Avogadro" class="mw-redirect" title="Legge di Avogadro">legge di Avogadro</a>: a pari condizioni di temperatura e pressione, se due gas occupano lo stesso volume hanno la stessa quantità di sostanza. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legge_isoterma_(o_legge_di_Boyle)"><span id="Legge_isoterma_.28o_legge_di_Boyle.29"></span>Legge isoterma (o legge di Boyle)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Legge isoterma (o legge di Boyle)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Legge isoterma (o legge di Boyle)"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r130657691">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .vedi-anche{font-size:95%}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988" /> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Legge_di_Boyle" class="mw-redirect" title="Legge di Boyle">Legge di Boyle</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>La legge isoterma deve il suo nome dalla composizione della parola greca ἴσος, <i>ìsos</i>, «uguale» con la parola ϑερμός, <i>thermòs</i>, «caldo» (qui inteso come «temperatura»). Si consideri un gas in equilibrio termodinamico con temperatura, pressione e volume noti. Se si fanno variare il volume e la pressione, mantenendo però costante la temperatura, si trova che le prime due grandezze non variano a caso, ma lo fanno in modo tale che il loro prodotto rimanga costante, ossia:<sup id="cite_ref-Mazzoldietal393_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mazzoldietal393-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left(p\cdot V\right)_{T}=K}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>V</mi> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>K</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left(p\cdot V\right)_{T}=K}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4d15b07dd2b29cea473a03ff2d917e30c73aa9cd" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:12.999ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left(p\cdot V\right)_{T}=K}" /></span>,</dd></dl> <p>cioè per una certa massa di gas a temperatura costante, le pressioni sono inversamente proporzionali ai volumi occupati. La curva nel piano cartesiano pressione-volume che ha per equazione l'equazione sopra riportata è un'<a href="/wiki/Iperbole_equilatera" class="mw-redirect" title="Iperbole equilatera">iperbole equilatera</a>. La legge di Boyle è una legge limite, vale cioè con buona approssimazione, non in modo assoluto per tutti i gas. Un gas perfetto o gas ideale che segua perfettamente la legge di Boyle non esiste. Le deviazioni dei gas reali dal comportamento del gas perfetto sono piccole per un gas che si trovi a bassa pressione e a una temperatura nettamente al di sopra di quella di liquefazione. </p><p>Una variazione del volume e della pressione che lasci invariata la temperatura è detta <a href="/wiki/Trasformazione_isoterma" class="mw-redirect" title="Trasformazione isoterma">trasformazione isoterma</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legge_isobara_(o_prima_legge_di_Gay-Lussac)"><span id="Legge_isobara_.28o_prima_legge_di_Gay-Lussac.29"></span>Legge isobara (o prima legge di Gay-Lussac)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Legge isobara (o prima legge di Gay-Lussac)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Legge isobara (o prima legge di Gay-Lussac)"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988" /> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Prima_legge_di_Gay_Lussac" class="mw-redirect" title="Prima legge di Gay Lussac">Prima legge di Gay Lussac</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>La legge isobara (comp. del greco ἴσος, <i>ìsos</i>, «uguale» e βάρος, <i>bàros</i>, «peso», qui «pressione») afferma che un gas perfetto che alla temperatura di 0 °C occupa un volume <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{0}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{0}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7ae15ff9b845587dc4e1816f59c3fed0e71a132f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.409ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{0}}" /></span> e che viene riscaldato mantenendo costante la pressione occupa alla temperatura <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T}" /></span> un volume <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{T}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{T}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e0100d3612cd04fe93bf7a351885e38bf3b8e165" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.745ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{T}}" /></span> espresso dalla legge:<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{T}=V_{0}\cdot \left(1+\alpha _{0}\cdot T\right)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{T}=V_{0}\cdot \left(1+\alpha _{0}\cdot T\right)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/db940d8a6d84b295a44dc3a3c007c65848e0cf45" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:21.601ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{T}=V_{0}\cdot \left(1+\alpha _{0}\cdot T\right)}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>in cui <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle V_{0}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle V_{0}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7ae15ff9b845587dc4e1816f59c3fed0e71a132f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.409ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle V_{0}}" /></span> è il volume occupato dal gas a 0 °C (ovvero 273,15 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a>) e <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \alpha _{0}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \alpha _{0}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a214eff2fcc322f780dd8837e7472b0edb994a13" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:2.542ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \alpha _{0}}" /></span> è pari a 1/273,15 ed è chiamato <i>coefficiente di dilatazione termica</i>. La temperatura è espressa in gradi <a href="/wiki/Celsius" class="mw-redirect" title="Celsius">Celsius</a>. La trasformazione isobara avviene a pressione costante, mentre si ha una variazione del volume e della temperatura. Tale trasformazione nel <a href="/wiki/Piano_di_Clapeyron" title="Piano di Clapeyron">piano di Clapeyron</a> è rappresentata da un <a href="/wiki/Segmento" title="Segmento">segmento</a> parallelo all'asse dei volumi. Quindi la variazione di volume che subisce un gas per la variazione di temperatura di ogni grado Celsius ammonta a 1/273 del volume che il gas occupa a 0 °C, ed è esprimibile come: </p><p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {V}{T}}=cost}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>V</mi> <mi>T</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {V}{T}}=cost}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9cac2dbbb65ff2ddba1dd9f53c8a7132f57155a9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:9.786ex; height:5.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {V}{T}}=cost}" /></span>, </p><p>che sottolinea come il rapporto tra volume occupato e pressione rimanga costante in ogni istante della trasformazione.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legge_isocora_(o_seconda_legge_di_Gay-Lussac)"><span id="Legge_isocora_.28o_seconda_legge_di_Gay-Lussac.29"></span>Legge isocora (o seconda legge di Gay-Lussac)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Legge isocora (o seconda legge di Gay-Lussac)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Legge isocora (o seconda legge di Gay-Lussac)"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r130657691" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r139142988" /> <div class="hatnote noprint vedi-anche"> <div class="hatnote-content"><span class="noviewer hatnote-icon" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/18px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/27px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg/36px-Magnifying_glass_icon_mgx2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="286" data-file-height="280" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text">Lo stesso argomento in dettaglio: <b><a href="/wiki/Seconda_legge_di_Gay_Lussac" class="mw-redirect" title="Seconda legge di Gay Lussac">Seconda legge di Gay Lussac</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <p>La legge isocora (comp. del greco ἴσος, <i>ìsos</i>, «uguale» e χώρα, <i>còra</i>, «spazio», qui «volume») afferma che un gas perfetto che alla temperatura di 0 °C ha una pressione <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p_{0}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p_{0}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2b969ada68a88e2aeba9a2d2096abaf1fd53c21d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:2.313ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p_{0}}" /></span> e che viene scaldato mantenendo costante il volume si trova, alla temperatura <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle T}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>T</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle T}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ec7200acd984a1d3a3d7dc455e262fbe54f7f6e0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.636ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle T}" /></span>, a una pressione <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p_{T}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p_{T}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7e552d1d4e5b584da41df89552ec958aa5154170" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:2.648ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p_{T}}" /></span> espressa dalla legge: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle p_{T}=p_{0}\cdot \left(1+\alpha _{0}\cdot T\right)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>⋅</mo> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle p_{T}=p_{0}\cdot \left(1+\alpha _{0}\cdot T\right)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e037d706f7571e00864ca618262c9dad7e253328" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; margin-left: -0.089ex; width:21.319ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle p_{T}=p_{0}\cdot \left(1+\alpha _{0}\cdot T\right)}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>La <a href="/wiki/Trasformazione_isocora" class="mw-redirect" title="Trasformazione isocora">trasformazione isocora</a> è una variazione della pressione e della temperatura a volume costante; è rappresentata nel piano di Clapeyron da un segmento parallelo all'asse delle pressioni e può essere espressa mediante la relazione: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {p}{T}}=cost}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>p</mi> <mi>T</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {p}{T}}=cost}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bfc2b97e33b435e5fca46b6d8259c1b0e6e9af37" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:9.635ex; height:4.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {p}{T}}=cost}" /></span>,</dd></dl> <p>che esprime in questo caso come durante la trasformazione il rapporto tra pressione del gas e sua temperatura rimanga costante.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="I_gas_reali">I gas reali</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione I gas reali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: I gas reali"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Un tentativo di produrre un'equazione che descriva il comportamento dei gas in modo più realistico è rappresentato dall'equazione dei gas reali. Le correzioni apportate all'equazione dei gas perfetti sono due: si tiene conto del volume proprio delle molecole, che non sono quindi più considerate puntiformi, e si considerano le interazioni tra molecole che venivano trascurate nel caso dei gas perfetti. </p><p>La prima correzione ha l'effetto di rendere non indefinitamente comprimibile il gas; il suo riscontro empirico è la liquefazione cui vanno soggetti i gas reali se compressi (e raffreddati) a sufficienza. </p><p>L'altra correzione fa sì che i gas reali non si espandano infinitamente ma arrivino a un punto in cui non possono occupare più volume (questo perché tra gli atomi si stabilisce una forza molto piccola, dovuta alla variazione casuale delle cariche elettrostatiche nelle singole molecole, chiamata <a href="/wiki/Forza_di_van_der_Waals" title="Forza di van der Waals">forza di van der Waals</a>). </p><p>Per questo la legge dei gas perfetti non fornisce risultati accurati nel caso di gas reali, soprattutto in condizioni di bassa temperatura e/o alta pressione, mentre diventa più precisa in caso di gas rarefatti, ad alta temperatura e a bassa pressione, cioè quando forze intermolecolari e volume molecolare diventano trascurabili. </p><p>L'equazione dei gas reali si può ricostruire tenendo quindi conto del fatto che il volume a disposizione del gas sarà (V - nb), dove b è il volume occupato dalle molecole per quantità di sostanza e n è la <a href="/wiki/Quantit%C3%A0_di_sostanza" title="Quantità di sostanza">quantità di gas</a> considerata, e la pressione sarà invece corretta di un fattore a/V<sup>2</sup> che tiene conto delle forze di attrazione fra atomi. Dunque l'equazione, detta anche <a href="/wiki/Legge_di_Van_der_Waals" class="mw-redirect" title="Legge di Van der Waals">equazione di Van der Waals</a>, risulta:<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \left(P+n^{2}\cdot {\frac {a}{V^{2}}}\right)\cdot \left(V-nb\right)=nRT}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mi>P</mi> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>n</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi>a</mi> <msup> <mi>V</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>⋅</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mi>V</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mi>R</mi> <mi>T</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \left(P+n^{2}\cdot {\frac {a}{V^{2}}}\right)\cdot \left(V-nb\right)=nRT}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9305ead7ed07741f49dabedc6c013564067a36e5" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:34.344ex; height:6.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \left(P+n^{2}\cdot {\frac {a}{V^{2}}}\right)\cdot \left(V-nb\right)=nRT}" /></span>.</dd></dl> <p>Questa equazione non è valida in ogni caso, ma solo in particolari condizioni, ma è molto importante in quanto si può identificare all'interno di essa un significato fisico. Un'equazione che invece ci dà un'esatta visione dello stato del gas reale è l'equazione del viriale (di cui si parla più specificamente alla voce <a href="/wiki/Equazione_di_stato" title="Equazione di stato">equazione di stato</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Mazzoldietal393-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Mazzoldietal393_1-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-Mazzoldietal393_1-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Paolo Mazzoldi, Massimo Nigro, Cesare Voci, <span style="font-style:italic;">Fisica (Volume I)</span>, EdiSES Editore, 2019, p. 393, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-7959-137-1" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-7959-137-1">88-7959-137-1</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ref_A-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-ref_A_2-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-ref_A_2-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Atkins" title="Peter Atkins">Peter W. Atkins</a>, <i>Chimica Generale</i> p.115; <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/8808152766" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 88-08-15276-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTreccani_gas" class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/gas"><span style="font-style:italic;">gas</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – <a href="/wiki/Vocabolario_Treccani" title="Vocabolario Treccani">Vocabolario Treccani</a> on line</span>, Roma, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Paolo Mazzoldi, Massimo Nigro, Cesare Voci, <span style="font-style:italic;">Fisica (Volume I)</span>, EdiSES Editore, 2019, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-7959-137-1" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-7959-137-1">88-7959-137-1</a>.</cite> p.426</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Atkins" title="Peter Atkins">Peter W. Atkins</a>, <i>Chimica Generale</i> p.5; <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/8808152766" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 88-08-15276-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">il segno "≫" si legge "molto maggiore".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Gianpaolo Parodi, Marco Ostili, Guglielmo Mochi Onori, <span style="font-style:italic;">L'evoluzione della Fisica (Volume 2)</span>, Paravia, 2006, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-395-1610-7" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-395-1610-7">88-395-1610-7</a>.</cite> p.316</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Paolo Mazzoldi, Massimo Nigro, Cesare Voci, <span style="font-style:italic;">Fisica (Volume I)</span>, EdiSES Editore, 2019, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-7959-137-1" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-7959-137-1">88-7959-137-1</a>.</cite> p.432</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Paolo Mazzoldi, Massimo Nigro, Cesare Voci, <span style="font-style:italic;">Fisica (Volume I)</span>, EdiSES Editore, 2019, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-7959-137-1" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-7959-137-1">88-7959-137-1</a>.</cite> p.395</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Gianpaolo Parodi, Marco Ostili, Guglielmo Mochi Onori, <span style="font-style:italic;">L'evoluzione della Fisica (Volume 2)</span>, Paravia, 2006, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-395-1610-7" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-395-1610-7">88-395-1610-7</a>.</cite> p.295</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Gianpaolo Parodi, Marco Ostili, Guglielmo Mochi Onori, <span style="font-style:italic;">L'evoluzione della Fisica (Volume 2)</span>, Paravia, 2006, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-395-1610-7" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-395-1610-7">88-395-1610-7</a>.</cite> p. 297</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Gianpaolo Parodi, Marco Ostili, Guglielmo Mochi Onori, <span style="font-style:italic;">L'evoluzione della Fisica (Volume 2)</span>, Paravia, 2006, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-395-1610-7" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-395-1610-7">88-395-1610-7</a>.</cite> p.322</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Paolo Mazzoldi, Massimo Nigro, Cesare Voci, <span style="font-style:italic;">Fisica (Volume I)</span>, EdiSES Editore, 2019, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-7959-137-1" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-7959-137-1">88-7959-137-1</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> Gianpaolo Parodi, Marco Ostili, Guglielmo Mochi Onori, <span style="font-style:italic;">L'evoluzione della Fisica (Volume 2)</span>, Paravia, 2006, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-395-1610-7" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-395-1610-7">88-395-1610-7</a>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal"> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Atkins" title="Peter Atkins">Peter W. Atkins</a>, <span style="font-style:italic;">Chimica Generale</span>, Bologna, <a href="/wiki/Zanichelli" title="Zanichelli">Zanichelli</a>, 1992, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-08-15276-6" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/88-08-15276-6">88-08-15276-6</a>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gas_naturale" title="Gas naturale">Gas naturale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biogas" title="Biogas">Biogas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_degenere" title="Gas degenere">Gas degenere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vapore" title="Vapore">Vapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teoria_cinetica_dei_gas" title="Teoria cinetica dei gas">Teoria cinetica dei gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legge_di_effusione_dei_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Legge di effusione dei gas">Legge di effusione dei gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambiamento_di_stato" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambiamento di stato">Cambiamento di stato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_criogeno" title="Gas criogeno">Gas criogeno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_refrigeranti" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas refrigeranti">Gas refrigeranti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valvola_(idraulica)" title="Valvola (idraulica)">Valvola (idraulica)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/gas" class="extiw" title="wikt:gas">Wikizionario</a></li> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikiversity.org/wiki/Gas" class="extiw" title="v:Gas">Wikiversità</a></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Gases"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gases?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikizionario"><img alt="Collabora a Wikizionario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/20px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/40px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">Wikizionario</a> contiene il lemma di dizionario «<b><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/gas" class="extiw" title="wikt:gas">gas</a></b>»</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikiversity.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikiversità"><img alt="Collabora a Wikiversità" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/18px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/36px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikiversity.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="v:">Wikiversità</a> contiene risorse su <b><a href="https://it.wikiversity.org/wiki/Gas" class="extiw" title="v:Gas">gas</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gases?uselang=it">gas</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTreccani.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/gas"><span style="font-style:italic;">gas</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11432#P3365" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Edward A. Mason, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/gas-state-of-matter"><span style="font-style:italic;">gas</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11432#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130730170945/http://www.petrolioegas.it/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Petrolio e Gas: Il portale per conoscere il petrolio, il gas e le attività di esplorazione e produzione degli idrocarburi in Italia</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">petrolioegas.it</span>. <small>URL consultato il 15 maggio 2012</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http://www.petrolioegas.it/">url originale</abbr> il 30 luglio 2013)</small>.</cite></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTreccani_gas" class="citation testo" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/gas"><span style="font-style:italic;">Gas</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line</span>, Roma, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana.</cite></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_odd{background:#fdfdfd;color:var(--color-base,black)}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_even{background:#f7f7f7;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox a.mw-selflink{color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox_image{padding-left:7px;vertical-align:middle;width:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal;text-align:right;width:7em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox_image img{max-width:none!important}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox{margin:-3px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:#e6e6ff;padding:0 10px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Stati_della_materia"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; 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colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Concetti</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Punto_triplo" title="Punto triplo">Punto triplo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Punto_critico_(termodinamica)" title="Punto critico (termodinamica)">Punto critico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Equazione_di_stato" title="Equazione di stato">Equazione di stato</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Curva_di_raffreddamento" title="Curva di raffreddamento">Curva di raffreddamento</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fase_(chimica)" title="Fase (chimica)">Fase</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Solidus_(chimica)" title="Solidus (chimica)">Solidus</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Liquidus" title="Liquidus">Liquidus</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night 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Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007560590105171">987007560590105171</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_della_Dieta_nazionale_del_Giappone" title="Biblioteca della Dieta nazionale del Giappone">NDL</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="giapponese">JA</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00566025">00566025</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 2 - 8px / 2 );"><style 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