CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Cain - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"3f560bd3-1352-4465-a0b3-feb4a080a7a8","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Cain","wgTitle":"Cain","wgCurRevisionId":1260816684,"wgRevisionId":1260816684,"wgArticleId":56095,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles containing Hebrew-language text","Articles containing Greek-language text","Articles containing Arabic-language text","CS1 Italian-language sources (it)","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Articles with hCards","Articles to be expanded from June 2024","All articles to be expanded","Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes from August 2024","All Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes","Commons link from Wikidata","Bereshit (parashah)","Biblical murderers", "Book of Genesis people","Book of Jubilees","Cain and Abel","Children of Adam and Eve","Christian mythology","Jewish mythology","Mythological fratricides","Mythological city founders"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Cain","wgRelevantArticleId":56095,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition": "interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q205365","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=[ "ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.6"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Cain_and_Abel._Mironov_%28cropped%29.jpg/1200px-Cain_and_Abel._Mironov_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1601"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Cain_and_Abel._Mironov_%28cropped%29.jpg/800px-Cain_and_Abel._Mironov_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1067"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Cain_and_Abel._Mironov_%28cropped%29.jpg/640px-Cain_and_Abel._Mironov_%28cropped%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="854"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Cain - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cain"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Cain&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cain"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Cain rootpage-Cain skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Cain" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Cain" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Cain" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Cain" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Genesis_narrative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genesis_narrative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Genesis narrative</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genesis_narrative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interpretations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interpretations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Interpretations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Interpretations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Interpretations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Interpretations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jewish_and_Christian_interpretations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jewish_and_Christian_interpretations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Jewish and Christian interpretations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jewish_and_Christian_interpretations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Curse_and_mark" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Curse_and_mark"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Curse and mark</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Curse_and_mark-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islamic_interpretation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islamic_interpretation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Islamic interpretation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islamic_interpretation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Characteristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Characteristics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_with_the_ground" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_with_the_ground"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Relationship with the ground</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_with_the_ground-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_stories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_stories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Other stories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_stories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Family</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Family-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Family subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Family_tree" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_tree"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Family tree</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_tree-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sisters/wives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sisters/wives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Sisters/wives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sisters/wives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Motives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy_and_symbolism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy_and_symbolism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Legacy and symbolism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy_and_symbolism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_portrayals_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_portrayals_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Cultural portrayals and references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_portrayals_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cain</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 54 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84" title="قابيل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قابيل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="কয়িন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কয়িন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Каін – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Каін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Каін – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Каін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cain" title="Cain – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Cain" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Каин – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Каин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%80%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%93_%E0%BC%8D" title="ཀ་ཡིན ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཀ་ཡིན །" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca%C3%ADn" title="Caín – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Caín" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kain" title="Kain – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kain" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kain" title="Kain – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kain" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kain" title="Kain – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kain" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CE%B9%CE%BD" title="Κάιν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κάιν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca%C3%ADn" title="Caín – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Caín" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaino" title="Kaino – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kaino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kain" title="Kain – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kain" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84" title="قابیل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قابیل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca%C3%AFn" title="Caïn – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Caïn" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca%C3%ADn" title="Caín – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Caín" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%B8" title="카인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabila" title="Kabila – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kabila" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Կայեն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կայեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kajin" title="Kajin – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kajin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kain_(tokoh_Alkitab)" title="Kain (tokoh Alkitab) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kain (tokoh Alkitab)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caino" title="Caino – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Caino" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9F" title="קין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="კაენი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კაენი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaini" title="Kaini – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kaini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca%C3%AFn" title="Caïn – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Caïn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cain" title="Cain – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cain" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kainas" title="Kainas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kainas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaina" title="Kaina – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Kaina" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1in_(%C3%81d%C3%A1m_fia)" title="Káin (Ádám fia) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Káin (Ádám fia)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Каин – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Каин" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaina" title="Kaina – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kaina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86" title="قايين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قايين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3" title="カイン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カイン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kain" title="Kain – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kain" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kain" title="Kain – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kain" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ca%C3%ADn" title="Caín – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Caín" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caim" title="Caim – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Caim" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cain" title="Cain – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cain" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cain" title="Cain – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Cain" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Каин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Каин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Каин – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Каин" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cain" title="Cain – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cain" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kain" title="Kain – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kain" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kain" title="Kain – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kain" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kain" title="Kain – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kain" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabil_(%C3%82dem%27in_o%C4%9Flu)" title="Kabil (Âdem'in oğlu) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kabil (Âdem'in oğlu)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD" title="Каїн – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Каїн" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayin" title="Cayin – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Cayin" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cain" title="Cain – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Cain" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%9F" title="קין – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A9%B2%E9%9A%B1" title="該隱 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="該隱" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q205365#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cain" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Cain" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cain"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cain&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cain&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cain"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cain&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cain&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Cain" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Cain" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cain&oldid=1260816684" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cain&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Cain&id=1260816684&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlQ%C4%B1sald%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCain"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrKodu&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCain"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Cain&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cain&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cain" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q205365" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Biblical figure</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Biblical figure. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Cain_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Cain (disambiguation)">Cain (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Cain</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Cain_and_Abel._Mironov_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Cain_and_Abel._Mironov_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Cain_and_Abel._Mironov_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Cain_and_Abel._Mironov_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Cain_and_Abel._Mironov_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Cain_and_Abel._Mironov_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Cain_and_Abel._Mironov_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1780" data-file-height="2375" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Detail of Cain from <i>Cain and Abel</i>, 2015 painting by <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Mironov_(painter)" title="Andrei Mironov (painter)">Andrei Mironov</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">64-70 <a href="/wiki/Anno_Mundi" title="Anno Mundi">AM</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">930 <a href="/wiki/Anno_Mundi" title="Anno Mundi">AM</a> (aged 860-866)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aclima" title="Aclima">Aclima</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Enoch_(son_of_Cain)" title="Enoch (son of Cain)">Enoch</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a> (father)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Eve" title="Eve">Eve</a> (mother)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>In Genesis:<br /></i><a href="/wiki/Abel" title="Abel">Abel</a> (sibling)<br /><a href="/wiki/Seth" title="Seth">Seth</a> (sibling)<br /><a href="/wiki/Irad" title="Irad">Irad</a> (grandson)<br /><a href="/wiki/Mehujael" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehujael">Mehujael</a> (great-grandson)<br /><a href="/wiki/Methushael" class="mw-redirect" title="Methushael">Methushael</a> (great-great-grandson)<br /><a href="/wiki/Lamech_(descendant_of_Cain)" title="Lamech (descendant of Cain)">Lamech</a> (great-great-great-grandson)<br /><a href="/wiki/Jabal_(Bible)" title="Jabal (Bible)">Jabal</a> (great-great-great-great-grandson)<br /><a href="/wiki/Tubal-Cain" class="mw-redirect" title="Tubal-Cain">Tubal-Cain</a> (great-great-great-great-grandson)<br /><a href="/wiki/Naamah_(Genesis)" title="Naamah (Genesis)">Naamah</a> (great-great-great-great-granddaughter)<br /><i>According to later traditions:</i><br /><a href="/wiki/Aclima" title="Aclima">Aclima</a> (sibling)<br /><a href="/wiki/Azura_(religious_figure)" title="Azura (religious figure)">Azura</a> (sibling)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Cain</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a biblical figure in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Book of Genesis</a> within <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Abrahamic religion">Abrahamic religions</a>. He is the elder brother of <a href="/wiki/Abel" title="Abel">Abel</a>, and the firstborn son of <a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eve" title="Eve">Eve</a>, the first couple within the Bible.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchwartzLoebel-FriedGinsburg2004447_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwartzLoebel-FriedGinsburg2004447-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">farmer</a> who gave an offering of his crops to <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a>. However, God was not pleased and favored Abel's offering over Cain's. Out of jealousy, Cain killed his brother, for which he was punished by God with the <a href="/wiki/Curse_and_mark_of_Cain" title="Curse and mark of Cain">curse and mark of Cain</a>. He had several children, starting with <a href="/wiki/Enoch_(son_of_Cain)" title="Enoch (son of Cain)">Enoch</a> and including <a href="/wiki/Lamech_(descendant_of_Cain)" title="Lamech (descendant of Cain)">Lamech</a>. </p><p>The narrative is notably unclear on God's reason for rejecting Cain's sacrifice. Some traditional interpretations consider Cain to be the originator of evil, violence, or greed. According to Genesis, Cain was the first human born and the first murderer. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genesis_narrative">Genesis narrative</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cain&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Genesis narrative"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel" title="Cain and Abel">Cain and Abel</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interpretations">Interpretations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cain&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Interpretations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jewish_and_Christian_interpretations">Jewish and Christian interpretations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cain&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Jewish and Christian interpretations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A question arising early in the story is why God rejected Cain's sacrifice. The text states, "In the course of time Cain brought some of the fruits of the soil as an offering to the Lord. And Abel also brought an offering—fat portions from some of the firstborn of his flock. The Lord looked with favor on Abel and his offering, but on Cain and his offering he did not look with favor."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Noteworthy is the difference in the type of sacrifice: fruits of the soil are renewable and bloodless, while fat portions are set apart for the Lord<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and taken from the firstborn, pointing to an act of faith, since it is not guaranteed there will be more. The <a href="/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash">Midrash</a> suggests that although Abel brought the best meat from his flock, Cain did not set aside the best of his harvest for God.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Similar to the internalized spiritual death, God warns Adam and Eve off from eating the forbidden fruit—they do not physically die immediately, but over time, their bodies age and die—the Lord warns Cain that his inappropriate anger is waiting to consume him: "If you do what is right, will you not be accepted? But if you do not do what is right, sin is crouching at your door. It desires to have you, but you must rule over it.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Curse_and_mark">Curse and mark</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cain&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Curse and mark"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Curse_and_mark_of_Cain" title="Curse and mark of Cain">Curse and mark of Cain</a></div> <p>According to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt0104.htm#1">Genesis 4:1–16</a>, Cain treacherously murdered his brother, Abel, lied about the murder to God, and as a result, was cursed and marked for life. With the earth left cursed to drink Abel's blood, Cain could no longer farm the land. He becomes a "fugitive and wanderer" and receives a mark from God - commonly referred to as the <i><a href="/wiki/Mark_of_Cain" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark of Cain">mark of Cain</a> -</i> so that no one can enact vengeance on him. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEByron201193,_119,_121_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEByron201193,_119,_121-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Exegesis" title="Exegesis">Exegesis</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a>'s narrative, "groaning and shaking upon the earth" has Cain suffering from body tremors.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEByron201198_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEByron201198-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Interpretations extend Cain's curse to his descendants, where they all died in the <a href="/wiki/Genesis_flood_narrative" title="Genesis flood narrative">Great Deluge</a> as retribution for the loss of Abel's potential offspring. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEByron2011122_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEByron2011122-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Pearl_of_Great_Price_(Mormonism)" title="Pearl of Great Price (Mormonism)">Pearl of Great Price</a>, a Mormon book of scripture, has been interpreted to depict the descendants of Cain as dark-skinned,<sup id="cite_ref-Harris2015_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harris2015-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 12">: 12 </span></sup> and church president Brigham Young stated, "What is the mark? You will see it on the countenance of every African you ever did see...."<sup id="cite_ref-Teachings_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Teachings-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In another biblical account, <a href="/wiki/Ham_(son_of_Noah)" title="Ham (son of Noah)">Ham</a> discovered his father <a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a> drunk and naked in his tent. Because of this, Noah cursed Ham's son, <a href="/wiki/Canaan_(son_of_Ham)" title="Canaan (son of Ham)">Canaan</a> to be "servants of servants".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Reeve_2015_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reeve_2015-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 125">: 125 </span></sup> Although the scriptures do not mention Ham's skin color, some doctrines associated the curse with black people and used it to justify <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Reeve_2015_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reeve_2015-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 125">: 125 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islamic_interpretation">Islamic interpretation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cain&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Islamic interpretation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_in_Islam" title="Cain and Abel in Islam">Cain and Abel in Islam</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cain&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Cain's name in Islamic tradition is Qabil (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">قابيل</span>). His story is mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>, though without a name, where he and his brother <a href="/wiki/Abel" title="Abel">Abel</a> offer sacrifices; Abel's sacrifice was accepted while Cain's was not. Cain gets angry and threatens to murder his brother, but Abel tries to console him, saying that God only accepts sacrifices from the God-fearing and that he wouldn't try to harm Cain. In the end, Cain kills Abel. God sends a <a href="/wiki/Crow" title="Crow">crow</a> searching in the ground to show Cain how to hide the disgrace of his brother. In his shame, Cain began to curse himself and became full of guilt.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cain&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blake-Abel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Blake-Abel.jpg/220px-Blake-Abel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Blake-Abel.jpg/330px-Blake-Abel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Blake-Abel.jpg/440px-Blake-Abel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1630" /></a><figcaption><i>The Body of Abel Found by Adam and Eve</i> by <a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">William Blake</a>, 1826</figcaption></figure> <p>One popular theory regarding the name of Cain connects it to the verb "kana" (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">קנה</span>‎ <i>qnh</i>), meaning "to get" and used by Eve in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Genesis%204:1&version=nrsv">Genesis 4:1</a> when she says after bearing Cain, "I have <i>gotten</i> a man from the Lord." In this viewpoint, articulated by <a href="/wiki/Nachmanides" title="Nachmanides">Nachmanides</a> in the thirteenth century, Cain's name presages his role of mastery, power, and sin.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In one of the <i><a href="/wiki/Legends_of_the_Jews" title="Legends of the Jews">Legends of the Jews</a></i>, Cain is the fruit of a union between <a href="/wiki/Eve" title="Eve">Eve</a> and <a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satan</a>, who is also the angel <a href="/wiki/Samael" title="Samael">Samael</a> and the serpent in the Garden of Eden, and Eve exclaims at Cain's birth, "I have gotten a man through an angel of the Lord."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Adam_and_Eve" title="Life of Adam and Eve">Life of Adam and Eve</a></i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1st century CE</span>), Cain fetched his mother a reed (<i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%94#Etymology_2" class="extiw" title="wikt:קנה">qaneh</a></i>) which is how he received his name <i>Qayin</i> (Cain). The symbolism of him fetching a reed may be a nod to his occupation as a farmer, as well as a commentary to his destructive nature. He is also described as "lustrous", which may reflect the Gnostic association of Cain with the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">sun</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEByron201115,_16:_L.A.E._(''Vita'')_21:3,_Trans._by_Johnson_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEByron201115,_16:_L.A.E._(''Vita'')_21:3,_Trans._by_Johnson-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cain&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cain is described as a city-builder,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the forefather of tent-dwelling pastoralists, all lyre and pipe players, and bronze and iron smiths.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In an alternate translation of Genesis 4:17, endorsed by a minority of modern commentators, Cain's son Enoch builds a city and names it after <i>his</i> son, <a href="/wiki/Irad" title="Irad">Irad</a>. Such a city could correspond with <a href="/wiki/Eridu" title="Eridu">Eridu</a>, one of the most ancient cities known.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Philo" title="Philo">Philo</a> observes that it makes no sense for Cain, the third human on Earth, to have founded an actual city. Instead, he argues, the city symbolizes an unrighteous philosophy.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>, Cain is cited as an example of unrighteousness in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20John%203:12&version=nrsv">1 John 3:12</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Jude%201:11&version=nrsv">Jude 1:11</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Targumim" class="mw-redirect" title="Targumim">Targumim</a>, rabbinic sources, and later speculations supplemented background details for the daughters of <a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve" title="Adam and Eve">Adam and Eve</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuttikhuizen2003vii_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELuttikhuizen2003vii-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such <a href="/wiki/Exegesis" title="Exegesis">exegesis</a> of Genesis 4 introduced Cain's wife as being his sister, a concept that has been accepted for at least 1,800 years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEByron20112_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEByron20112-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This can be seen with <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jubilees" title="Book of Jubilees">Jubilees</a> 4 which narrates that Cain settled down and married his sister <a href="/wiki/Awan_(religious_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Awan (religious figure)">Awan</a>, who bore their first son, the first <a href="/wiki/Enoch_(son_of_Cain)" title="Enoch (son of Cain)">Enoch</a>, approximately 196 years after the creation of <a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a>. Cain then establishes the first city, naming it after his son, builds a house, and lives there until it collapses on him, killing him<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on the same year of Adam's death.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relationship_with_the_ground">Relationship with the ground</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cain&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Relationship with the ground"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Undue_weight plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-undue-weight" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/68px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/90px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="354" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section may <b>lend <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Due_and_undue_weight" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">undue weight</a> to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies</b>. The specific problem is: There's only a single source<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cain&action=edit">help improve it</a> by rewriting it in a <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Balance" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">balanced fashion</a></b> that contextualizes different points of view.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In this alternative reading of the text, the ground could be personified as a character. This reading is evidenced by given human qualities, like a mouth, in the scripture. The ground is also the only subject of an active verb in the verse that states, "It opens its mouth to take the blood." This suggests that the ground reacted to the situation. By that logic, the ground could then potentially be an accomplice to the murder of Abel (Jordstad 708). The reaction from the ground raises the question, "Does the intimate connection between humans and the ground mean that the ground mirrors or aids human action, regardless of the nature of that action?"<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_stories">Other stories</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cain&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Other stories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Jewish_tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish tradition">Jewish tradition</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philo" title="Philo">Philo</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Pirke_De-Rabbi_Eliezer" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirke De-Rabbi Eliezer">Pirke De-Rabbi Eliezer</a></i>, and the <i><a href="/wiki/Targum_Pseudo-Jonathan" title="Targum Pseudo-Jonathan">Targum Pseudo-Jonathan</a></i> asserted that Adam was not the father of Cain. Instead, Eve was subject to adultery, having been seduced by <a href="/wiki/Samael" title="Samael">Sammael</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEByron201117:_"And_Adam_knew_about_his_wife_Eve_that_she_had_conceived_from_Sammael"_–_''[[Targum_Pseudo-Jonathan|Tg._Ps.-J.]]'':_Gen.4:1,_Trans._by_Byron_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEByron201117:_"And_Adam_knew_about_his_wife_Eve_that_she_had_conceived_from_Sammael"_–_''[[Targum_Pseudo-Jonathan|Tg._Ps.-J.]]'':_Gen.4:1,_Trans._by_Byron-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEByron201117:_"(Sammael)_riding_on_the_serpent_came_to_her_and_she_conceived_[Cain]"_–_''[[Pirke_De-Rabbi_Eliezer|Pirqe_R._L._21]]'',_Trans._by_Friedlander_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEByron201117:_"(Sammael)_riding_on_the_serpent_came_to_her_and_she_conceived_[Cain]"_–_''[[Pirke_De-Rabbi_Eliezer|Pirqe_R._L._21]]'',_Trans._by_Friedlander-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Serpents_in_the_Bible" title="Serpents in the Bible">serpent</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEByron201117:_"First_adultery_came_into_being,_afterward_murder._And_he_[Cain]_was_begotten_into_adultery,_for_he_was_the_child_of_the_serpent."_–_''[[Philo|Gos.Phil.]]''_61:5–10,_Trans._by_Isenberg_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEByron201117:_"First_adultery_came_into_being,_afterward_murder._And_he_[Cain]_was_begotten_into_adultery,_for_he_was_the_child_of_the_serpent."_–_''[[Philo|Gos.Phil.]]''_61:5–10,_Trans._by_Isenberg-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<i>nahash</i>, <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">נחש</span>) in the <a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Eden" title="Garden of Eden">Garden of Eden</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Ginzberg_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ginzberg-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Devil#Judaism" title="Devil">devil</a> himself.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuttikhuizen2003vii_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELuttikhuizen2003vii-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christian exegesis of the "evil one" in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20John%203:10–12&version=nrsv">1 John 3:10–12</a> has also led some commentators, such as <a href="/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a>, to agree that Cain was the son of the <a href="/wiki/Devil_in_Christianity" title="Devil in Christianity">devil</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEByron201117:_"Having_been_made_pregnant_by_the_devil_..._she_brought_forth_a_son."_–_[[Tertullian]],_''Patience''_5:15_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEByron201117:_"Having_been_made_pregnant_by_the_devil_..._she_brought_forth_a_son."_–_[[Tertullian]],_''Patience''_5:15-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or a <a href="/wiki/Fallen_angel" title="Fallen angel">fallen angel</a>. Thus, according to some interpreters, Cain was half-human and half-angel, one of the <a href="/wiki/Nephilim" title="Nephilim">Nephilim</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Noach" title="Noach">Genesis 6</a>). <a href="/wiki/Gnostic" class="mw-redirect" title="Gnostic">Gnostic</a> exposition in the <i><a href="/wiki/Apocryphon_of_John" title="Apocryphon of John">Apocryphon of John</a></i> has Eve seduced by <a href="/wiki/Yaldabaoth" title="Yaldabaoth">Yaldabaoth</a>. However, in the <i><a href="/wiki/Hypostasis_of_the_Archons" title="Hypostasis of the Archons">Hypostasis of the Archons</a></i>, Eve is raped by a pair of <a href="/wiki/Archon_(Gnosticism)" title="Archon (Gnosticism)">Archons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEByron201115–19_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEByron201115–19-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Philo" title="Pseudo-Philo">Pseudo-Philo</a>, a Jewish work of the first century CE, relates that Cain murdered his brother at the age of 15. After escaping to the <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Nod" title="Land of Nod">Land of Nod</a>, Cain had four sons: <a href="/wiki/Enoch" title="Enoch">Enoch</a>, Olad, Lizpha, and Fosal, as well as two daughters, Citha and Maac. The latter five are not mentioned in the Bible. Cain died at the age of 730, leaving his corrupt descendants to spread evil on Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jubilees" title="Book of Jubilees">Book of Jubilees</a>, Cain murdered his brother with a stone. Afterward, Cain was killed by the same instrument he used against his brother: his house fell in upon him, and its stones killed him.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A heavenly law was cited after the narrative of Cain's death saying: </p> <blockquote><p>With the instrument with which a man kills his neighbour with the same shall he be killed; after the manner that he wounded him, in like manner shall they deal with him.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmudic</a> tradition says that after Cain had murdered his brother, God made a horn grow on his head. Later, Cain was killed at the hands of his great-grandson, <a href="/wiki/Lamech_(descendant_of_Cain)" title="Lamech (descendant of Cain)">Lamech</a>, who mistook him for a wild beast.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Christian version of this tradition from the time of the <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a> holds that the slaying of Cain by Lamech took place on a mound called "Cain Mons" (i.e., Mount Cain), which is a corruption of "Caymont", a Crusader fort in <a href="/wiki/Tel_Yokneam" title="Tel Yokneam">Tel Yokneam</a> in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The story of Cain and Abel is also referred to in chapter 19 of <a href="/wiki/Meqabyan#First_Book_of_Ethiopian_Maccabees_(1_Meqabyan)" title="Meqabyan">1 Meqabyan</a>, a book considered <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Tewahedo_biblical_canon" title="Orthodox Tewahedo biblical canon">canonical</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" title="Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church">Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this text, Cain killed Abel because he desired Abel's wife. </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Mandaeism" title="Mandaeism">Mandaean</a> scriptures, including the <a href="/wiki/Qulasta" title="Qulasta">Qulasta</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mandaean_Book_of_John" title="Mandaean Book of John">Mandaean Book of John</a>, the and <a href="/wiki/Ginza_Rabba" title="Ginza Rabba">Ginza Rabba</a>, <i>Abel</i> is <a href="/wiki/Cognate" title="Cognate">cognate</a> with the angelic <a href="/wiki/Soteriology" title="Soteriology">soteriological</a> figure <a href="/wiki/Hibil_Ziwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Hibil Ziwa">Hibil Ziwa</a><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who taught John the Baptist.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the book <i><a href="/wiki/Aradia,_or_the_Gospel_of_the_Witches" title="Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches">Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Godfrey_Leland" title="Charles Godfrey Leland">Charles Godfrey Leland</a>, Cain is a <a href="/wiki/Lunar_deity" title="Lunar deity">lunar figure</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Rashi" title="Rashi">Rashi</a>, who cites a <i><a href="/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash">midrash</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Rabanus_Maurus" title="Rabanus Maurus">Rabanus Maurus</a>, Cain died from an arrow shot by a blindfolded man.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cain&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family_tree">Family tree</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cain&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Family tree"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following family tree of the line of Cain is compiled from a variety of biblical and extra-biblical texts. </p> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate;"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a><sup id="cite_ref-Genesis_4:1_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genesis_4:1-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Eve" title="Eve">Eve</a><sup id="cite_ref-Genesis_4:1_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genesis_4:1-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cain</a><sup id="cite_ref-Genesis_4:1_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genesis_4:1-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Abel" title="Abel">Abel</a><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Seth" title="Seth">Seth</a><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Enoch_(son_of_Cain)" title="Enoch (son of Cain)">Enoch</a><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Enos_(biblical_figure)" title="Enos (biblical figure)">Enos</a><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Irad,_son_of_Enoch" class="mw-redirect" title="Irad, son of Enoch">Irad</a><sup id="cite_ref-Genesis_4:18_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genesis_4:18-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Kenan" title="Kenan">Kenan</a><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Mehujael" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehujael">Mehujael</a><sup id="cite_ref-Genesis_4:18_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genesis_4:18-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Mahalalel" title="Mahalalel">Mahalalel</a><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Methushael" class="mw-redirect" title="Methushael">Methushael</a><sup id="cite_ref-Genesis_4:18_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genesis_4:18-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Jared_(biblical_figure)" title="Jared (biblical figure)">Jared</a><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Adah_(wife_of_Lamech)" class="mw-redirect" title="Adah (wife of Lamech)">Adah</a><sup id="cite_ref-Genesis_4:19_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genesis_4:19-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>k<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Lamech_(descendant_of_Cain)" title="Lamech (descendant of Cain)">Lamech</a><sup id="cite_ref-Genesis_4:18_49-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genesis_4:18-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Zillah_(biblical_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zillah (biblical figure)">Zillah</a><sup id="cite_ref-Genesis_4:19_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genesis_4:19-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>k<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Enoch" title="Enoch">Enoch</a><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>l<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Jabal_(Bible)" title="Jabal (Bible)">Jabal</a><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Jubal_(Bible)" title="Jubal (Bible)">Jubal</a><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Tubal-cain" title="Tubal-cain">Tubal-Cain</a><sup id="cite_ref-Genesis_4:22_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genesis_4:22-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>o<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Naamah_(Genesis)" title="Naamah (Genesis)">Naamah</a><sup id="cite_ref-Genesis_4:22_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genesis_4:22-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>o<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Methuselah" title="Methuselah">Methuselah</a><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>p<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Lamech_(father_of_Noah)" title="Lamech (father of Noah)">Lamech</a><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>q<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>r<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Shem" title="Shem">Shem</a><sup id="cite_ref-Genesis_5:32_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genesis_5:32-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>s<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Ham_(son_of_Noah)" title="Ham (son of Noah)">Ham</a><sup id="cite_ref-Genesis_5:32_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genesis_5:32-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>s<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Japheth" title="Japheth">Japheth</a><sup id="cite_ref-Genesis_5:32_61-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Genesis_5:32-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>s<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> </tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">kayn</i></a>; <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">קַיִן</span> <i>Qáyin</i>, <a href="/wiki/Pausa" title="Pausa">pausa</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">קָיִן</span>‎ <i>Qā́yin</i>; <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Κάϊν</span> <i>Káïn</i>; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">قابيل/قايين</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Qābīl/Qāyīn</i></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Genesis_4:1-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Genesis_4:1_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genesis_4:1_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genesis_4:1_44-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 4:1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 4:2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 4:25; 5:3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 4:17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 4:26; 5:6–7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Genesis_4:18-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Genesis_4:18_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genesis_4:18_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genesis_4:18_49-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genesis_4:18_49-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 4:18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 5:9–10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 5:12–13</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 5:15–16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Genesis_4:19-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Genesis_4:19_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genesis_4:19_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 4:19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 5:18–19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 4:20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 4:21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Genesis_4:22-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Genesis_4:22_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genesis_4:22_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 4:22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 5:21–22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 5:25–26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 5:28–30</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Genesis_5:32-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Genesis_5:32_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genesis_5:32_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Genesis_5:32_61-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Genesis 5:32</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sisters/wives"><span id="Sisters.2Fwives"></span>Sisters/wives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cain&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sisters/wives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Various early commentators have said that Cain and Abel have sisters, usually twin sisters. According to Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Joshua_ben_Karha" title="Joshua ben Karha">Joshua ben Karha</a> as quoted in <a href="/wiki/Genesis_Rabbah" title="Genesis Rabbah">Genesis Rabbah</a>, "Only two entered the bed, and seven left it: Cain and his twin sister, Abel and his two twin sisters."<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Motives">Motives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cain&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Motives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Glasgow_Botanic_Gardens._Kibble_Palace._Edwin_Roscoe_Mullins_-_%27Cain%27_(c._1899).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Glasgow_Botanic_Gardens._Kibble_Palace._Edwin_Roscoe_Mullins_-_%27Cain%27_%28c._1899%29.jpg/220px-Glasgow_Botanic_Gardens._Kibble_Palace._Edwin_Roscoe_Mullins_-_%27Cain%27_%28c._1899%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Glasgow_Botanic_Gardens._Kibble_Palace._Edwin_Roscoe_Mullins_-_%27Cain%27_%28c._1899%29.jpg/330px-Glasgow_Botanic_Gardens._Kibble_Palace._Edwin_Roscoe_Mullins_-_%27Cain%27_%28c._1899%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Glasgow_Botanic_Gardens._Kibble_Palace._Edwin_Roscoe_Mullins_-_%27Cain%27_%28c._1899%29.jpg/440px-Glasgow_Botanic_Gardens._Kibble_Palace._Edwin_Roscoe_Mullins_-_%27Cain%27_%28c._1899%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Glasgow_Botanic_Gardens" title="Glasgow Botanic Gardens">Glasgow Botanic Gardens</a>. Kibble Palace. <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Roscoe_Mullins" title="Edwin Roscoe Mullins">Edwin Roscoe Mullins</a> – <i>Cain</i> or <i>My Punishment is Greater than I can Bear</i> (Genesis 4:13), about 1899.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Book of Genesis does not give a specific reason for the murder of Abel. Modern commentators typically assume that the motives were jealousy and anger due to God rejecting Cain's offering, while accepting Abel's.<sup id="cite_ref-Kim,20012_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kim,20012-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/First_Epistle_of_John" title="First Epistle of John">First Epistle of John</a> says the following: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Do not be like Cain, who belonged to the evil one and murdered his brother. And why did he murder him? Because his own actions were evil and his brother's were righteous."</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:1%20John%203:12">1 John 3:12</a></cite></div></blockquote> <p>Ancient <a href="/wiki/Exegesis" title="Exegesis">exegetes</a>, such as the <a href="/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash">Midrash</a> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Conflict_of_Adam_and_Eve_with_Satan" title="Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan">Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan</a></i>, tell that the motive involved a desire for the most beautiful woman. According to Midrashic tradition, Cain and Abel each had twin sisters; each was to marry the other's. The Midrash states that Abel's promised wife, <a href="/wiki/Luluwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Luluwa">Aclima</a>, was more beautiful than <a href="/wiki/Awan_(religious_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Awan (religious figure)">Awan</a>, Cain's promised wife. And so, after Cain would not consent to this arrangement, Adam suggested seeking God's blessing by means of a sacrifice. Whoever God blessed would marry Aclima. When God openly rejected Cain's sacrifice, Cain slew his brother in a fit of jealousy and anger.<sup id="cite_ref-Kim,20012_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kim,20012-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-brewer_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brewer-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rabbinical exegetes have discussed whether Cain's incestuous relationship with his sister was in violation of <i><a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">halakha</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEByron2011[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidNnnVmbnE-TcCqincestuouspgPA27_27]_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEByron2011[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidNnnVmbnE-TcCqincestuouspgPA27_27]-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy_and_symbolism">Legacy and symbolism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cain&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Legacy and symbolism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A millennia-old explanation for Cain being capable of murder is that he may have been the offspring of a <a href="/wiki/Fallen_angel" title="Fallen angel">fallen angel</a> or <a href="/wiki/Satan" title="Satan">Satan</a> himself, rather than being the son of Adam.<sup id="cite_ref-Ginzberg_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ginzberg-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuttikhuizen2003vii_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELuttikhuizen2003vii-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEByron201115–19_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEByron201115–19-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A medieval legend has Cain arriving at the <a href="/wiki/Moon_in_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Moon in culture">Moon</a>, where he eternally settled with a bundle of twigs. This was originated by the popular fantasy of interpreting the <a href="/wiki/Man_in_the_Moon" title="Man in the Moon">shadows on the Moon as a face</a>. An example of this belief can be found in <a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Divine_Comedy#Inferno" title="Divine Comedy">Inferno</a></i> (XX, 126<sup id="cite_ref-Inferno126_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inferno126-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) where the expression "Cain and the twigs" is used as a <a href="/wiki/Kenning" title="Kenning">kenning</a> for "moon". </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Latter-day_Saint_theology" class="mw-redirect" title="Latter-day Saint theology">Latter-day Saint theology</a>, Cain is considered to be the quintessential <a href="/wiki/Son_of_perdition_(Mormonism)" title="Son of perdition (Mormonism)">Son of Perdition</a>, the father of <i><a href="/wiki/Secret_combination_(Latter_Day_Saints)" title="Secret combination (Latter Day Saints)">secret combinations</a></i> (i.e. secret societies and <a href="/wiki/Organized_crime" title="Organized crime">organized crime</a>), as well as the first to hold the title <a href="/wiki/Master_Mahan" title="Master Mahan">Master Mahan</a> meaning <i>master of [the] great secret, that [he] may murder and get gain</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Mormon_folklore" title="Mormon folklore">Mormon folklore</a> a second-hand account relates that an early Mormon leader, <a href="/wiki/David_W._Patten" title="David W. Patten">David W. Patten</a>, encountered a very tall, hairy, dark-skinned man in <a href="/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee">Tennessee</a> who said that he was Cain. The account states that Cain had earnestly sought death but was denied it, and that his mission was to destroy the souls of men.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The recollection of Patten's story is quoted in <a href="/wiki/Spencer_W._Kimball" title="Spencer W. Kimball">Spencer W. Kimball</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Miracle_of_Forgiveness" title="The Miracle of Forgiveness">The Miracle of Forgiveness</a></i>, a popular book within <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This widespread Mormon belief is further emphasized by an account from Salt Lake City in 1963 which stated that "One superstition is based on the old Mormon belief that Cain is a black man who wanders the earth begging people to kill him and take his curse upon themselves (M, 24, SLC, 1963)."<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Freud's theory of <a href="/wiki/Fratricide" title="Fratricide">fratricide</a> is explained by the <a href="/wiki/Oedipus_complex" title="Oedipus complex">Oedipus</a> or <a href="/wiki/Electra_complex" title="Electra complex">Electra complex</a> through <a href="/wiki/Carl_Jung" title="Carl Jung">Carl Jung</a>'s supplementation.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There were other, minor traditions concerning Cain and Abel, of both older and newer date. The apocryphal <i><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Adam_and_Eve" title="Life of Adam and Eve">Life of Adam and Eve</a></i> tells of <a href="/wiki/Eve" title="Eve">Eve</a> having a dream in which Cain drank his brother's blood. In an attempt to prevent the prophecy from happening the two young men are separated and given different jobs.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The author <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Quinn" title="Daniel Quinn">Daniel Quinn</a>, first in his book <i><a href="/wiki/Ishmael_(Quinn_novel)" title="Ishmael (Quinn novel)">Ishmael</a></i> and later in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_B" title="The Story of B">The Story of B</a></i>, proposes that the story of Cain and Abel is an account of early Semitic herdsmen observing the beginnings of what he calls totalitarian agriculture, with Cain representing the first 'modern' agriculturists and Abel the <a href="/wiki/Pastoralism" title="Pastoralism">pastoralists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_portrayals_and_references">Cultural portrayals and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cain&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Cultural portrayals and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel#Cultural_references" title="Cain and Abel">Cain and Abel § Cultural references</a></div> <ul><li>In the Old English classic poem <i><a href="/wiki/Beowulf" title="Beowulf">Beowulf</a></i> (c. 1000 CE), the monstrous <a href="/wiki/Grendel" title="Grendel">Grendel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grendel%27s_mother" title="Grendel's mother">his mother</a> are said to be descended from Cain.<sup id="cite_ref-deVries76_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deVries76-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The expression "Cain-coloured beard" (Cain and <a href="/wiki/Judas" class="mw-redirect" title="Judas">Judas</a> were traditionally considered to have red or yellow hair)<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is used in Shakespeare's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Merry_Wives_of_Windsor" title="The Merry Wives of Windsor">The Merry Wives of Windsor</a></i> (1602).<sup id="cite_ref-deVries76_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deVries76-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Byron" title="Lord Byron">Lord Byron</a> rewrote and dramatized the story in the play <i><a href="/wiki/Cain_(play)" title="Cain (play)">Cain</a></i> (1821), viewing Cain as symbolic of a <a href="/wiki/Four_temperaments" title="Four temperaments">sanguine temperament</a>, provoked by Abel's hypocrisy and sanctimony.<sup id="cite_ref-deVries76_76-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-deVries76-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a>'s poem "La Conscience" (1853, part of the <i><a href="/wiki/La_L%C3%A9gende_des_si%C3%A8cles" title="La Légende des siècles">La Légende des siècles</a></i> collection) tells of Cain and his family fleeing from God's wrath.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Steinbeck" title="John Steinbeck">John Steinbeck</a>'s 1952 novel <i><a href="/wiki/East_of_Eden_(novel)" title="East of Eden (novel)">East of Eden</a></i> (also <a href="/wiki/East_of_Eden_(film)" title="East of Eden (film)">a 1955 film</a>) refers in its title to Cain's exile and contains discussions of the Cain and Abel story which then play out in the plot.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Tabletop_role-playing_game" title="Tabletop role-playing game">role-playing game</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Vampire:_the_Masquerade" class="mw-redirect" title="Vampire: the Masquerade">Vampire: the Masquerade</a></i> (1991) refers to vampires as "Cainites" after Cain, who is referred to as the first vampire.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Country music group <a href="/wiki/4_Runner" title="4 Runner">4 Runner</a>'s song "<a href="/wiki/Cain%27s_Blood" title="Cain's Blood">Cain's Blood</a>" (1995) uses Cain and Abel as a metaphor for the struggle between good and evil in the song's narrator.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A "Mark of Cain" is featured in the TV series <i><a href="/wiki/Supernatural_(U.S._TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Supernatural (U.S. TV series)">Supernatural</a></i> (2005), and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Supernatural_characters#Cain" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Supernatural characters">Cain appears as a character</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Cain appears as the ultimate antagonist of the comic book series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Strange_Talent_of_Luther_Strode" title="The Strange Talent of Luther Strode">The Strange Talent of Luther Strode</a></i> (2011).<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Darren_Aronofsky" title="Darren Aronofsky">Darren Aronofsky</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Allegory" title="Allegory">allegorical</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Mother!" title="Mother!">Mother!</a></i> (2017), the characters "oldest son" represent Cain and Abel.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Welling" title="Tom Welling">Tom Welling</a> portrays Cain in the TV series <i><a href="/wiki/Lucifer_(TV_series)" title="Lucifer (TV series)">Lucifer</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cain&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchwartzLoebel-FriedGinsburg2004447-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchwartzLoebel-FriedGinsburg2004447_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchwartzLoebel-FriedGinsburg2004">Schwartz, Loebel-Fried & Ginsburg 2004</a>, p. 447.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+4%3A3-5&version=NIV">Genesis 4:3-5a</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/leviticus/3-16.htm">Leviticus 3:16</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Doukhan 2016, pp. 57, 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+4%3A7&version=NIV">Genesis 4:7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEByron201193,_119,_121-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEByron201193,_119,_121_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFByron2011">Byron 2011</a>, pp. 93, 119, 121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEByron201198-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEByron201198_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFByron2011">Byron 2011</a>, p. 98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEByron2011122-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEByron2011122_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFByron2011">Byron 2011</a>, p. 122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harris2015-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Harris2015_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHarrisBringhurst2015" class="citation book cs1">Harris, Matthew L.; Bringhurst, Newell G. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Pn20CgAAQBAJ&pg=PAiii"><i>The Mormon Church and Blacks: A Documentary History</i></a>. Chicago: University of Illinois Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-252-08121-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-252-08121-7"><bdi>978-0-252-08121-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mormon+Church+and+Blacks%3A+A+Documentary+History&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-252-08121-7&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Matthew+L.&rft.au=Bringhurst%2C+Newell+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPn20CgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPAiii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Teachings-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Teachings_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollier1987" class="citation book cs1">Collier, Fred C. (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LkRZGQ8oO8IC"><i>The Teachings of President Brigham Young Vol. 3 1852–1854</i></a>. Salt Lake City: Collier Publishing Co. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780934964012" title="Special:BookSources/9780934964012"><bdi>9780934964012</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Teachings+of+President+Brigham+Young+Vol.+3+1852%E2%80%931854&rft.place=Salt+Lake+City&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Collier+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9780934964012&rft.aulast=Collier&rft.aufirst=Fred+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLkRZGQ8oO8IC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatt1852" class="citation archive">Watt, George D. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.churchofjesuschrist.org/assets/c87f81ec-019c-4962-b395-d7c1c925fa61/0/2">Brigham Young, 1852 February 5</a>" (5 Feb 1852). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.churchofjesuschrist.org/record/73160837-a293-4121-b723-41387a081cb8/">Historian's Office reports of speeches, 1845-1885</a>, ID: CR 100 317, p. 2. Salt Lake City: LDS Church History Library.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Genesis#9:20" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Genesis">Genesis 9:20–27</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reeve_2015-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reeve_2015_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reeve_2015_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReeve2015" class="citation book cs1">Reeve, W. Paul (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=95j4BQAAQBAJ"><i>Religion of a Different Color: Race and the Mormon Struggle for Whiteness</i></a>. New York, New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-975407-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-975407-6"><bdi>978-0-19-975407-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+of+a+Different+Color%3A+Race+and+the+Mormon+Struggle+for+Whiteness&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-19-975407-6&rft.aulast=Reeve&rft.aufirst=W.+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D95j4BQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quran.com/5?startingVerse=27">Quran 5:27-31</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Doukhan 2016, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ginzberg, Louis (1909). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swartzentrover.com/cotor/e-books/misc/Legends/Legends%20of%20the%20Jews.pdf">The Legends of the Jews Vol I: The Ten Generations – The Birth of Cain</a></i> (Translated by Henrietta Szold) Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEByron201115,_16:_L.A.E._(''Vita'')_21:3,_Trans._by_Johnson-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEByron201115,_16:_L.A.E._(''Vita'')_21:3,_Trans._by_Johnson_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFByron2011">Byron 2011</a>, pp. 15, 16: L.A.E. (<i>Vita</i>) 21:3, Trans. by Johnson.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Genesis%204:17&version=nrsv">Genesis 4:17</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Genesis%204:19–22&version=nrsv">Genesis 4:19–22</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Byron 2011, pp. 124–25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Philo" title="Philo">Philo</a>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earlyjewishwritings.com/text/philo/book8.html">Posterity of Cain</a></i> lines 49–58 (from <i>Works of Philo Judaeus</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worksphilojudaeu01philuoft">Vol. 1</a>); quoted in Byron 2011, pp. 127–28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELuttikhuizen2003vii-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuttikhuizen2003vii_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuttikhuizen2003vii_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELuttikhuizen2003vii_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLuttikhuizen2003">Luttikhuizen 2003</a>, p. vii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEByron20112-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEByron20112_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFByron2011">Byron 2011</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/3904-cain">"Cain"</a>. <i>Jewish Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Cain&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjewishencyclopedia.com%2Farticles%2F3904-cain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pseudepigrapha.com/jubilees/4.htm">"Jubilees 4"</a>. <i>www.pseudepigrapha.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.pseudepigrapha.com&rft.atitle=Jubilees+4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pseudepigrapha.com%2Fjubilees%2F4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMari_Jørstad2016" class="citation journal cs1">Mari Jørstad (2016). "The Ground That Opened Its Mouth: The Ground's Response to Human Violence in Genesis 4". <i>Journal of Biblical Literature</i>. <b>135</b> (4): 705. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15699%2Fjbl.1354.2016.3010">10.15699/jbl.1354.2016.3010</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biblical+Literature&rft.atitle=The+Ground+That+Opened+Its+Mouth%3A+The+Ground%27s+Response+to+Human+Violence+in+Genesis+4&rft.volume=135&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=705&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15699%2Fjbl.1354.2016.3010&rft.au=Mari+J%C3%B8rstad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEByron201117:_"And_Adam_knew_about_his_wife_Eve_that_she_had_conceived_from_Sammael"_–_''[[Targum_Pseudo-Jonathan|Tg._Ps.-J.]]'':_Gen.4:1,_Trans._by_Byron-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEByron201117:_"And_Adam_knew_about_his_wife_Eve_that_she_had_conceived_from_Sammael"_–_''[[Targum_Pseudo-Jonathan|Tg._Ps.-J.]]'':_Gen.4:1,_Trans._by_Byron_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFByron2011">Byron 2011</a>, p. 17: "And Adam knew about his wife Eve that she had conceived from Sammael" – <i><a href="/wiki/Targum_Pseudo-Jonathan" title="Targum Pseudo-Jonathan">Tg. Ps.-J.</a></i>: Gen.4:1, Trans. by Byron.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEByron201117:_"(Sammael)_riding_on_the_serpent_came_to_her_and_she_conceived_[Cain]"_–_''[[Pirke_De-Rabbi_Eliezer|Pirqe_R._L._21]]'',_Trans._by_Friedlander-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEByron201117:_"(Sammael)_riding_on_the_serpent_came_to_her_and_she_conceived_[Cain]"_–_''[[Pirke_De-Rabbi_Eliezer|Pirqe_R._L._21]]'',_Trans._by_Friedlander_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFByron2011">Byron 2011</a>, p. 17: "(Sammael) riding on the serpent came to her and she conceived [Cain]" – <i><a href="/wiki/Pirke_De-Rabbi_Eliezer" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirke De-Rabbi Eliezer">Pirqe R. L. 21</a></i>, Trans. by Friedlander.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEByron201117:_"First_adultery_came_into_being,_afterward_murder._And_he_[Cain]_was_begotten_into_adultery,_for_he_was_the_child_of_the_serpent."_–_''[[Philo|Gos.Phil.]]''_61:5–10,_Trans._by_Isenberg-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEByron201117:_"First_adultery_came_into_being,_afterward_murder._And_he_[Cain]_was_begotten_into_adultery,_for_he_was_the_child_of_the_serpent."_–_''[[Philo|Gos.Phil.]]''_61:5–10,_Trans._by_Isenberg_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFByron2011">Byron 2011</a>, p. 17: "First adultery came into being, afterward murder. And he [Cain] was begotten into adultery, for he was the child of the serpent." – <i><a href="/wiki/Philo" title="Philo">Gos.Phil.</a></i> 61:5–10, Trans. by Isenberg.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ginzberg-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ginzberg_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ginzberg_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Louis Ginzberg, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Jv-pv47G5ZsC&pg=PA75"><i>The Legends of the Jews</i>, Vol. 1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Press" title="Johns Hopkins University Press">Johns Hopkins University Press</a>, 1998, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8018-5890-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8018-5890-9">0-8018-5890-9</a>, pp. 105–09</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEByron201117:_"Having_been_made_pregnant_by_the_devil_..._she_brought_forth_a_son."_–_[[Tertullian]],_''Patience''_5:15-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEByron201117:_"Having_been_made_pregnant_by_the_devil_..._she_brought_forth_a_son."_–_[[Tertullian]],_''Patience''_5:15_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFByron2011">Byron 2011</a>, p. 17: "Having been made pregnant by the devil ... she brought forth a son." – <a href="/wiki/Tertullian" title="Tertullian">Tertullian</a>, <i>Patience</i> 5:15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEByron201115–19-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEByron201115–19_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEByron201115–19_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFByron2011">Byron 2011</a>, pp. 15–19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Pseudo-Philo (Biblical Antiquities of Philo)</i>, chapter 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jubilees 4:31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jubilees 4:32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Legends of the Jews</i>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Ginzberg" title="Louis Ginzberg">Louis Ginzberg</a> – Volume I</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConder1878" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder" title="Claude Reignier Conder">Conder, C. R. (Claude Reignier)</a> (1878). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/tentworkinpales00condgoog#page/n164/mode/2up/search/Keim%C3%9Bn"><i>Tent work in Palestine. A record of discovery and adventure Vol. 1</i></a>. London R. Bentley & Son. pp. 130–31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tent+work+in+Palestine.+A+record+of+discovery+and+adventure+Vol.+1&rft.pages=130-31&rft.pub=London+R.+Bentley+%26+Son&rft.date=1878&rft.aulast=Conder&rft.aufirst=C.+R.+%28Claude+Reignier%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Ftentworkinpales00condgoog%23page%2Fn164%2Fmode%2F2up%2Fsearch%2FKeim%25C3%259Bn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://torahofyeshuah.blogspot.com/2015/07/book-of-meqabyan-i-iii.html">"Torah of Yeshuah: Book of Meqabyan I – III"</a>. July 11, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Torah+of+Yeshuah%3A+Book+of+Meqabyan+I+%E2%80%93+III&rft.date=2015-07-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftorahofyeshuah.blogspot.com%2F2015%2F07%2Fbook-of-meqabyan-i-iii.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrower,_E.S.1932" class="citation book cs1">Drower, E.S. (1932). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mandaeansofiraqi00esdr"><i>The Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran</i></a>. Gorgias Press.com. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1931956499" title="Special:BookSources/978-1931956499"><bdi>978-1931956499</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mandaeans+of+Iraq+and+Iran&rft.pub=Gorgias+Press.com&rft.date=1932&rft.isbn=978-1931956499&rft.au=Drower%2C+E.S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmandaeansofiraqi00esdr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190202191935/http://rogueleaf.com/book-of-john/2012/07/09/76-anush-uthra-and-christ/">"76 – Anush-Uthra and Christ"</a>. 9 July 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rogueleaf.com/book-of-john/2012/07/09/76-anush-uthra-and-christ/">the original</a> on 2 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=76+%E2%80%93+Anush-Uthra+and+Christ&rft.date=2012-07-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frogueleaf.com%2Fbook-of-john%2F2012%2F07%2F09%2F76-anush-uthra-and-christ%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathiesen1998" class="citation book cs1">Mathiesen, Robert (1998). "Charles G. Leland and the Witches of Italy: The Origin of Aradia". In Mario Pazzaglini (ed.). <i>Aradia, or the Gospel of the Witches, A New Translation</i>. Blaine, Washington: Phoenix Publishing, Inc. p. 50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-919345-34-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-919345-34-8"><bdi>978-0-919345-34-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Charles+G.+Leland+and+the+Witches+of+Italy%3A+The+Origin+of+Aradia&rft.btitle=Aradia%2C+or+the+Gospel+of+the+Witches%2C+A+New+Translation&rft.place=Blaine%2C+Washington&rft.pages=50&rft.pub=Phoenix+Publishing%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-919345-34-8&rft.aulast=Mathiesen&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.avvenire.it/agora/pagine/storia-culturale-degli-ebrei-recensione">"Religioni. Gli ebrei e il mondo: una storia in simbiosi"</a> (in Italian). <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%27Avvenire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L'Avvenire (page does not exist)">L'Avvenire</a>. 2024-02-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Religioni.+Gli+ebrei+e+il+mondo%3A+una+storia+in+simbiosi&rft.pub=L%27Avvenire&rft.date=2024-02-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.avvenire.it%2Fagora%2Fpagine%2Fstoria-culturale-degli-ebrei-recensione&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Midrash_Rabbah" class="mw-redirect" title="Midrash Rabbah">Midrash Rabbah</a>: Genesis, Volume One</i>, translated by Rabbi Dr. <a href="/wiki/Harry_Freedman_(rabbi)" title="Harry Freedman (rabbi)">H. Freedman</a>; London: Soncino Press, 1983; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-900689-38-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-900689-38-2">0-900689-38-2</a>; p. 180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Luttikhuizen 2003, pp. 36–39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kim,20012-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kim,20012_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kim,20012_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFByron2011">Byron 2011</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NnnVmbnE-TcC&q=Cain+envy+Abel+Kim+first+murderer&pg=PA11">11</a>: Anglea Y. Kim, "Cain and Abel in the Light of Envy: A Study of the History of the Interpretation of Envy in Genesis 4:1–16," <i>JSP</i> (2001), pp. 65–84</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brewer-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-brewer_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrewer1978" class="citation book cs1">Brewer, E. Cobham (1978). <i>The Dictionary of Phrase and Fable</i> (reprint of 1894 ed.). Edwinstowe, England: Avenel Books. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-517-25921-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-517-25921-4"><bdi>978-0-517-25921-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dictionary+of+Phrase+and+Fable&rft.place=Edwinstowe%2C+England&rft.pages=3&rft.edition=reprint+of+1894&rft.pub=Avenel+Books&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-517-25921-4&rft.aulast=Brewer&rft.aufirst=E.+Cobham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEByron2011[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidNnnVmbnE-TcCqincestuouspgPA27_27]-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEByron2011[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidNnnVmbnE-TcCqincestuouspgPA27_27]_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFByron2011">Byron 2011</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NnnVmbnE-TcC&q=incestuous&pg=PA27">27</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Inferno126-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Inferno126_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Dante" class="mw-redirect" title="Dante">Dante</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Divine_Comedy" class="mw-redirect" title="The Divine Comedy">The Divine Comedy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inferno_(Dante)" title="Inferno (Dante)">Inferno</a>, canto 20, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dante.dartmouth.edu/search_view.php?query=&cmd=Search&commentary%5B%5D=0&language=any&cantica=1&canto=20&line=126">line 126</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dante.dartmouth.edu/search_view.php?query=&cmd=Search&commentary%5B%5D=0&language=any&cantica=1&canto=20&line=127">127</a>. The Dante Dartmouth Project contains the original text and centuries of commentary. <dl><dd>"For now doth Cain with fork of thorns confine</dd> <dd>On either hemisphere, touching the wave</dd> <dd>Beneath the towers of <a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a>. Yesternight</dd> <dd>The moon was round."</dd></dl> Also in Paradiso, canto 2, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dante.dartmouth.edu/search_view.php?query=&cmd=Search&commentary%5B%5D=0&language=any&cantica=3&canto=2&line=51">line 51</a>. <dl><dd>But tell, I pray thee, whence the gloomy spots</dd> <dd>Upon this body, which below on earth</dd> <dd>Give rise to talk of Cain in fabling quaint?"</dd></dl> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moses 5:31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Letter by <a href="/wiki/Abraham_O._Smoot" title="Abraham O. Smoot">Abraham O. Smoot</a>, quoted in Lycurgus A. Wilson (1900). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifeofdavidwpatt00wilsrich"><i>Life of David W. Patten, the First Apostolic Martyr</i></a> (Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret News) p. 50 (pp. 46–47 in 1993 reprint by Eborn Books).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Linda Shelley Whiting (2003). <i>David W. Patten: Apostle and Martyr</i> (Springville, Utah: Cedar Fort) p. 85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Spencer_W._Kimball" title="Spencer W. Kimball">Spencer W. Kimball</a> (1969). <i>The Miracle of Forgiveness</i> (Salt Lake City, Utah: Bookcraft, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88494-444-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-88494-444-1">0-88494-444-1</a>) pp. 127–28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cannon, Anthon S., Wayland D. Hand, and Jeannine Talley. "Religion, Magic, Ghostlore." Popular Beliefs and Superstitions from Utah. Salt Lake City: University of Utah, 1984. 314. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jens de Vlemnick (2007). Psychoanalytische Perspectieven. Vol 25 (3/4). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.psychoanalytischeperspectieven.be/vol-25-c-2007/cain-and-abel-the-prodigal-sons-of-psychoanalysis">Cain and Abel: The Prodigal Sons of Psychoanalysis?</a> Universiteit Gent.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/David_Williams_(medievalist)" title="David Williams (medievalist)">Williams, David</a>: "Cain and Beowulf: A Study in Secular Allegory, p. 21. University of Toronto Press, 1982</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhittemore" class="citation web cs1">Whittemore, Amie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cliffsnotes.com/literature/i/ishmael/summary-and-analysis/part-9-sections-911">"Ishmael – Part 9: Sections 9–11"</a>. <i>Cliffs Notes</i>. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cliffs+Notes&rft.atitle=Ishmael+%E2%80%93+Part+9%3A+Sections+9%E2%80%9311&rft.aulast=Whittemore&rft.aufirst=Amie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cliffsnotes.com%2Fliterature%2Fi%2Fishmael%2Fsummary-and-analysis%2Fpart-9-sections-911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-deVries76-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-deVries76_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-deVries76_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-deVries76_76-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Vries1976" class="citation book cs1">de Vries, Ad (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofsymb0000vrie/page/75"><i>Dictionary of Symbols and Imagery</i></a>. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofsymb0000vrie/page/75">75</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7204-8021-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7204-8021-4"><bdi>978-0-7204-8021-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Symbols+and+Imagery&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=North-Holland+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-7204-8021-4&rft.aulast=de+Vries&rft.aufirst=Ad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdictionaryofsymb0000vrie%2Fpage%2F75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNares1859" class="citation web cs1">Nares, Robert (1859). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vRRJAAAAcAAJ&q=cain-colour&pg=PA126">"A glossary; or collection of words, phrases, names and allusions to customs, proverbs, etc., which have been thought to require illustration in the works of English authors, particularly of Shakespeare, and his contemporaries"</a>. John Russell Smith<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2017</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+glossary%3B+or+collection+of+words%2C+phrases%2C+names+and+allusions+to+customs%2C+proverbs%2C+etc.%2C+which+have+been+thought+to+require+illustration+in+the+works+of+English+authors%2C+particularly+of+Shakespeare%2C+and+his+contemporaries&rft.pub=John+Russell+Smith&rft.date=1859&rft.aulast=Nares&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvRRJAAAAcAAJ%26q%3Dcain-colour%26pg%3DPA126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrey1999" class="citation book cs1">Frey, John Andrew (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=olFboDm4bcgC&q=%22victor+hugo%22+cain&pg=PA70"><i>A Victor Hugo Encyclopedia</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 70. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0313298967" title="Special:BookSources/978-0313298967"><bdi>978-0313298967</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Victor+Hugo+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=70&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0313298967&rft.aulast=Frey&rft.aufirst=John+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DolFboDm4bcgC%26q%3D%2522victor%2Bhugo%2522%2Bcain%26pg%3DPA70&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/16719/East-of-Eden/articles.html">"Pop Culture 101: East of Eden"</a>. <i>TCM.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-04-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TCM.com&rft.atitle=Pop+Culture+101%3A+East+of+Eden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tcm.com%2Ftcmdb%2Ftitle%2F16719%2FEast-of-Eden%2Farticles.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelton2010" class="citation book cs1">Melton, J. Gordon (1 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rZ9clsv_L0EC&q=cain"><i>The Vampire Book: The Encyclopedia of the Undead</i></a>. Visible Ink Press. p. 274. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781578593507" title="Special:BookSources/9781578593507"><bdi>9781578593507</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2018</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Vampire+Book%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+the+Undead&rft.pages=274&rft.pub=Visible+Ink+Press&rft.date=2010-09-01&rft.isbn=9781578593507&rft.aulast=Melton&rft.aufirst=J.+Gordon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrZ9clsv_L0EC%26q%3Dcain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Scott1999" class="citation book cs1">Van Scott, Miriam (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jKcVBSUqdZoC&pg=PA74"><i>The Encyclopedia of Hell</i></a>. Macmillan. p. 74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0312244422" title="Special:BookSources/978-0312244422"><bdi>978-0312244422</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Hell&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0312244422&rft.aulast=Van+Scott&rft.aufirst=Miriam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjKcVBSUqdZoC%26pg%3DPA74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrudom2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Prudom, Laura (15 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://variety.com/2015/tv/news/supernatural-season-10-finale-save-dean-1201472869/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Supernatural': Misha Collins Teases 'Enormous Sacrifices' Ahead of Season Finale"</a>. <i>Variety</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=%27Supernatural%27%3A+Misha+Collins+Teases+%27Enormous+Sacrifices%27+Ahead+of+Season+Finale&rft.date=2015-04-15&rft.aulast=Prudom&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F2015%2Ftv%2Fnews%2Fsupernatural-season-10-finale-save-dean-1201472869%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRockett2017" class="citation news cs1">Rockett, Darcel (11 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/tv/ct-supernatural-spinoffs-tv-ent-0713-20170711-story.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Supernatural' spinoffs we'd love to see"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=%27Supernatural%27+spinoffs+we%27d+love+to+see&rft.date=2017-07-11&rft.aulast=Rockett&rft.aufirst=Darcel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fentertainment%2Ftv%2Fct-supernatural-spinoffs-tv-ent-0713-20170711-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson2015" class="citation web cs1">Thompson, Zac (20 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bloody-disgusting.com/news/3328853/luther-strode-returns-aprils-legacy-luther-strode/">"Luther Strode Returns In April's 'The Legacy of Luther Strode'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Bloody Disgusting!</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloody+Disgusting%21&rft.atitle=Luther+Strode+Returns+In+April%27s+%27The+Legacy+of+Luther+Strode%27&rft.date=2015-01-20&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Zac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbloody-disgusting.com%2Fnews%2F3328853%2Fluther-strode-returns-aprils-legacy-luther-strode%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdam_White2017" class="citation news cs1">Adam White (September 23, 2017). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/0/mother-meaning-spoilers-biblical-references-ending-explained/">"Mother! explained"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/0/mother-meaning-spoilers-biblical-references-ending-explained/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-01-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 30,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Mother%21+explained&rft.date=2017-09-23&rft.au=Adam+White&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ffilms%2F0%2Fmother-meaning-spoilers-biblical-references-ending-explained%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cain&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlter2008" class="citation book cs1">Alter, Robert (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZcMhkJ8a708C"><i>The Five Books of Moses: A Translation with Commentary</i></a>. W. W. Norton & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780393070248" title="Special:BookSources/9780393070248"><bdi>9780393070248</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Five+Books+of+Moses%3A+A+Translation+with+Commentary&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780393070248&rft.aulast=Alter&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZcMhkJ8a708C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBDBSamuel_Rolles_DriverCharles_Augustus_Briggs1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Brown_(theologian)" title="Francis Brown (theologian)">BDB, Francis Brown</a>; <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Rolles_Driver" title="Samuel Rolles Driver">Samuel Rolles Driver</a>; <a href="/wiki/Charles_Augustus_Briggs" title="Charles Augustus Briggs">Charles Augustus Briggs</a> (1997) [1906]. <i>The Brown Driver Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon: with an appendix containing the biblical Aramaic; coded with the numbering system from "Strong's Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible"</i> (7. print. ed.). Peabody: Hendrickson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1565632066" title="Special:BookSources/978-1565632066"><bdi>978-1565632066</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Brown+Driver+Briggs+Hebrew+and+English+Lexicon%3A+with+an+appendix+containing+the+biblical+Aramaic%3B+coded+with+the+numbering+system+from+%22Strong%27s+Exhaustive+Concordance+of+the+Bible%22&rft.place=Peabody&rft.edition=7.+print.&rft.pub=Hendrickson&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1565632066&rft.aulast=BDB&rft.aufirst=Francis+Brown&rft.au=Samuel+Rolles+Driver&rft.au=Charles+Augustus+Briggs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFByron2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Byron" title="John Byron">Byron, John</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NnnVmbnE-TcC"><i>Cain and Abel in Text and Tradition: Jewish and Christian Interpretations of the First Sibling Rivalry</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004192522" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004192522"><bdi>978-9004192522</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cain+and+Abel+in+Text+and+Tradition%3A+Jewish+and+Christian+Interpretations+of+the+First+Sibling+Rivalry&rft.place=Leiden+and+Boston&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-9004192522&rft.aulast=Byron&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNnnVmbnE-TcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlenkinsopp2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Blenkinsopp" title="Joseph Blenkinsopp">Blenkinsopp, Joseph</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B12qwOSMD20C&q=Creation%2C+Un-creation%2C+Re-creation%3A+A+Discursive+Commentary+on+Genesis+1-11"><i>Creation, Un-creation, Re-creation: A Discursive Commentary on Genesis 1-11</i></a>. New York: Bloomsbury T&T Clark. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-567-37287-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-567-37287-1"><bdi>978-0-567-37287-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Creation%2C+Un-creation%2C+Re-creation%3A+A+Discursive+Commentary+on+Genesis+1-11&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+T%26T+Clark&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-567-37287-1&rft.aulast=Blenkinsopp&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB12qwOSMD20C%26q%3DCreation%252C%2BUn-creation%252C%2BRe-creation%253A%2BA%2BDiscursive%2BCommentary%2Bon%2BGenesis%2B1-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCraig,_Jr.1999" class="citation journal cs1">Craig, Jr., Kenneth M. (December 1999). Shepherd, David; Tiemeyer, Lena-Sofia (eds.). "Questions Outside Eden (Genesis 4.1-16): Yahweh, Cain, and Their Rhetorical Interchange". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_for_the_Study_of_the_Old_Testament" title="Journal for the Study of the Old Testament">Journal for the Study of the Old Testament</a></i>. <b>24</b> (86). <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publications">SAGE Publications</a>: 107–128. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F030908929902408606">10.1177/030908929902408606</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1476-6728">1476-6728</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170152565">170152565</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+the+Study+of+the+Old+Testament&rft.atitle=Questions+Outside+Eden+%28Genesis+4.1-16%29%3A+Yahweh%2C+Cain%2C+and+Their+Rhetorical+Interchange&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=86&rft.pages=107-128&rft.date=1999-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A170152565%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1476-6728&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F030908929902408606&rft.aulast=Craig%2C+Jr.&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDay2021" class="citation book cs1">Day, John (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gIpFEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA78">"Problems in the Interpretation of the Story of Cain and Abel"</a>. <i>From Creation to Abraham: Further Studies in Genesis 1-11</i>. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 78–97. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-567-70311-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-567-70311-8"><bdi>978-0-567-70311-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Problems+in+the+Interpretation+of+the+Story+of+Cain+and+Abel&rft.btitle=From+Creation+to+Abraham%3A+Further+Studies+in+Genesis+1-11&rft.pages=78-97&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-0-567-70311-8&rft.aulast=Day&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgIpFEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA78&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoukhan2016" class="citation book cs1">Doukhan, Abi (2016). <i>Biblical Portraits of Exile: A Philosophical Reading</i>. Oxon: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4724-7241-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4724-7241-0"><bdi>978-1-4724-7241-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biblical+Portraits+of+Exile%3A+A+Philosophical+Reading&rft.place=Oxon&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4724-7241-0&rft.aulast=Doukhan&rft.aufirst=Abi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGmirkin2006" class="citation book cs1">Gmirkin, Russell E. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CKuoAwAAQBAJ&q=composition+table+of+nations+genesis"><i>Berossus and Genesis, Manetho and Exodus</i></a>. Bloomsbury. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780567134394" title="Special:BookSources/9780567134394"><bdi>9780567134394</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Berossus+and+Genesis%2C+Manetho+and+Exodus&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780567134394&rft.aulast=Gmirkin&rft.aufirst=Russell+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCKuoAwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dcomposition%2Btable%2Bof%2Bnations%2Bgenesis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHendel2012" class="citation book cs1">Hendel, Ronald (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tB77B7HT23wC&pg=PA51">"Historical Context"</a>. In Evans, Craig A.; Lohr, Joel N.; Petersen, David L. (eds.). <i>The Book of Genesis: Composition, Reception, and Interpretation</i>. BRILL. pp. 51–81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-22653-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-22653-1"><bdi>978-90-04-22653-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Historical+Context&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Genesis%3A+Composition%2C+Reception%2C+and+Interpretation&rft.pages=51-81&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-90-04-22653-1&rft.aulast=Hendel&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtB77B7HT23wC%26pg%3DPA51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuglerHartin2009" class="citation book cs1">Kugler, Robert; Hartin, Patrick (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L8WbXbPjxpoC&q=%22the+Yahwist+and+Priestly+works+in+Genesis+1-11%22&pg=PA55"><i>An Introduction to the Bible</i></a>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802846365" title="Special:BookSources/9780802846365"><bdi>9780802846365</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+the+Bible&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780802846365&rft.aulast=Kugler&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Hartin%2C+Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL8WbXbPjxpoC%26q%3D%2522the%2BYahwist%2Band%2BPriestly%2Bworks%2Bin%2BGenesis%2B1-11%2522%26pg%3DPA55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKramer1961" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Noah_Kramer" title="Samuel Noah Kramer">Kramer, Samuel Noah</a> (1961), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sacred-texts.com/ane/sum/"><i>Sumerian Mythology: A Study of Spiritual and Literary Achievement in the Third Millennium B.C.: Revised Edition</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia, Pennsylvania">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania_Press" title="University of Pennsylvania Press">University of Pennsylvania Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-1047-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-1047-7"><bdi>978-0-8122-1047-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sumerian+Mythology%3A+A+Study+of+Spiritual+and+Literary+Achievement+in+the+Third+Millennium+B.C.%3A+Revised+Edition&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=1961&rft.isbn=978-0-8122-1047-7&rft.aulast=Kramer&rft.aufirst=Samuel+Noah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sacred-texts.com%2Fane%2Fsum%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKugel1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Kugel" title="James Kugel">Kugel, James L.</a> (1998). <i>Traditions of the Bible: A Guide to the Bible as it was at the Start of the Common Era</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a> [u.a.]: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0674791510" title="Special:BookSources/978-0674791510"><bdi>978-0674791510</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Traditions+of+the+Bible%3A+A+Guide+to+the+Bible+as+it+was+at+the+Start+of+the+Common+Era&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts+%5Bu.a.%5D&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0674791510&rft.aulast=Kugel&rft.aufirst=James+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuttikhuizen2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Luttikhuizen" title="Gerard Luttikhuizen">Luttikhuizen, Gerard P.</a>, ed. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s1Wa2N2WrlAC"><i>Eve's Children: The Biblical Stories Retold and Interpreted in Jewish and Christian traditions</i></a> (Vol. 5 ed.). <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004126152" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004126152"><bdi>978-9004126152</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eve%27s+Children%3A+The+Biblical+Stories+Retold+and+Interpreted+in+Jewish+and+Christian+traditions&rft.place=Leiden+and+Boston&rft.edition=Vol.+5&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-9004126152&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds1Wa2N2WrlAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMann2021" class="citation journal cs1">Mann, Steven T. (September 2021). Shepherd, David; Tiemeyer, Lena-Sofia (eds.). "Let There Be Cain: A Clash of Imaginations in Genesis 4". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_for_the_Study_of_the_Old_Testament" title="Journal for the Study of the Old Testament">Journal for the Study of the Old Testament</a></i>. <b>46</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publications">SAGE Publications</a>: 79–95. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0309089221998390">10.1177/0309089221998390</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1476-6728">1476-6728</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:238412495">238412495</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+the+Study+of+the+Old+Testament&rft.atitle=Let+There+Be+Cain%3A+A+Clash+of+Imaginations+in+Genesis+4&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=79-95&rft.date=2021-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A238412495%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1476-6728&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0309089221998390&rft.aulast=Mann&rft.aufirst=Steven+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSailhamer2010" class="citation book cs1">Sailhamer, John H. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pBVWU9U85m0C"><i>The Meaning of the Pentateuch: Revelation, Composition and Interpretation</i></a>. InterVarsity Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780830878888" title="Special:BookSources/9780830878888"><bdi>9780830878888</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Meaning+of+the+Pentateuch%3A+Revelation%2C+Composition+and+Interpretation&rft.pub=InterVarsity+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780830878888&rft.aulast=Sailhamer&rft.aufirst=John+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpBVWU9U85m0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchlimm2011" class="citation book cs1">Schlimm, Matthew R. (2011). "Part 3. In Search of A Brother's Keeper: Anger and Its Antitheses in Genesis – Ethics outside Eden: Cain and Abel". <i>From Fratricide to Forgiveness: The Language and Ethics of Anger in Genesis</i>. Siphrut: Literature and Theology of the Hebrew Scriptures. Vol. 7. <a href="/wiki/University_Park,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="University Park, Pennsylvania">University Park, Pennsylvania</a>: <a href="/wiki/Eisenbrauns" title="Eisenbrauns">Eisenbrauns</a>, imprint of <a href="/wiki/Penn_State_University_Press" title="Penn State University Press">Penn State University Press</a>. pp. 135–143. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5325%2Fj.ctv1bxgwgm.15">10.5325/j.ctv1bxgwgm.15</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57506-224-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57506-224-2"><bdi>978-1-57506-224-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:209438529">209438529</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Part+3.+In+Search+of+A+Brother%E2%80%99s+Keeper%3A+Anger+and+Its+Antitheses+in+Genesis+%E2%80%93+Ethics+outside+Eden%3A+Cain+and+Abel&rft.btitle=From+Fratricide+to+Forgiveness%3A+The+Language+and+Ethics+of+Anger+in+Genesis&rft.place=University+Park%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.series=Siphrut%3A+Literature+and+Theology+of+the+Hebrew+Scriptures&rft.pages=135-143&rft.pub=Eisenbrauns%2C+imprint+of+Penn+State+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A209438529%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5325%2Fj.ctv1bxgwgm.15&rft.isbn=978-1-57506-224-2&rft.aulast=Schlimm&rft.aufirst=Matthew+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwartzLoebel-FriedGinsburg2004" class="citation book cs1">Schwartz, Howard; Loebel-Fried, Caren; Ginsburg, Elliot K. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=60iVk1p8Y9IC&q=Cain+Abel&pg=PA447"><i>Tree of Souls: The Mythology of Judaism</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 447. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195358704" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195358704"><bdi>978-0195358704</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tree+of+Souls%3A+The+Mythology+of+Judaism&rft.pages=447&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0195358704&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft.au=Loebel-Fried%2C+Caren&rft.au=Ginsburg%2C+Elliot+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D60iVk1p8Y9IC%26q%3DCain%2BAbel%26pg%3DPA447&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZucker2020" class="citation journal cs1">Zucker, David J. (February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0146107919892839">"My Punishment Is Too Great to Bear: Raising Cain"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Theology_Bulletin" title="Biblical Theology Bulletin">Biblical Theology Bulletin</a></i>. <b>50</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publications">SAGE Publications</a> on behalf of Biblical Theology Bulletin Inc.: 7–21. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0146107919892839">10.1177/0146107919892839</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1945-7596">1945-7596</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:213466632">213466632</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biblical+Theology+Bulletin&rft.atitle=My+Punishment+Is+Too+Great+to+Bear%3A+Raising+Cain&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=7-21&rft.date=2020-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A213466632%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1945-7596&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0146107919892839&rft.aulast=Zucker&rft.aufirst=David+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1177%252F0146107919892839&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cain&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cain" class="extiw" title="commons:Cain"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Cain</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKohlerBennettGinzberg1906" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kaufmann_Kohler" title="Kaufmann Kohler">Kohler, Kaufmann</a>; Bennett, W. H.; <a href="/wiki/Louis_Ginzberg" title="Louis Ginzberg">Ginzberg, Louis</a> (1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/3904-cain">"CAIN"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Encyclopedia">Jewish Encyclopedia</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Kopelman_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Kopelman Foundation">Kopelman Foundation</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140223121236/https://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/3904-cain">Archived</a> from the original on 23 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=CAIN&rft.btitle=Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Kopelman+Foundation&rft.date=1906&rft.aulast=Kohler&rft.aufirst=Kaufmann&rft.au=Bennett%2C+W.+H.&rft.au=Ginzberg%2C+Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjewishencyclopedia.com%2Farticles%2F3904-cain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACain" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cain_and_Abel" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cain_and_Abel" title="Template:Cain and Abel"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cain_and_Abel" title="Template talk:Cain and Abel"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cain_and_Abel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cain and Abel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cain_and_Abel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel" title="Cain and Abel">Cain and Abel</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Book of Genesis</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Biblical characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eve" title="Eve">Eve</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel" title="Abel">Abel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoch_(son_of_Cain)" title="Enoch (son of Cain)">Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awan_(religious_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Awan (religious figure)">Awan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cain_leadeth_abel_to_death_tissot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Cain_leadeth_abel_to_death_tissot.jpg/150px-Cain_leadeth_abel_to_death_tissot.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Cain_leadeth_abel_to_death_tissot.jpg/225px-Cain_leadeth_abel_to_death_tissot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Cain_leadeth_abel_to_death_tissot.jpg/300px-Cain_leadeth_abel_to_death_tissot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2345" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portrayals in media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/East_of_Eden_(film)" title="East of Eden (film)">East of Eden</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%ADn_(film)" title="Caín (film)">Caín</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Biblia_en_pasta" title="La Biblia en pasta">La Biblia en pasta</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Eve" title="The Last Eve">The Last Eve</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Year_One_(film)" title="Year One (film)">Year One</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abel_Cain" title="Abel Cain">Abel Cain</a></i> (unmade)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Jeu_d%27Adam" title="Le Jeu d'Adam">Le Jeu d'Adam</a></i> (12th century)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cain_(play)" title="Cain (play)">Cain</a></i> (1821)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Children_of_Eden" title="Children of Eden">Children of Eden</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Here%27s_Where_I_Belong" title="Here's Where I Belong">Here's Where I Belong</a></i> (1968)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Penitence_of_Adam" title="Book of the Penitence of Adam">Book of the Penitence of Adam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/East_of_Eden_(novel)" title="East of Eden (novel)">East of Eden</a></i> (1952 novel)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abel_S%C3%A1nchez:_The_History_of_a_Passion" title="Abel Sánchez: The History of a Passion">Abel Sánchez: The History of a Passion</a></i> (1917)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Lies_(Meltzer_novel)" title="The Book of Lies (Meltzer novel)">The Book of Lies</a></i> (2008 novel)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Should_the_Bible_Be_Banned" title="Should the Bible Be Banned">Should the Bible Be Banned</a>" (1988)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cain%27s_Blood" title="Cain's Blood">Cain's Blood</a>" (1995)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_(Titian)" title="Cain and Abel (Titian)"><i>Cain and Abel</i> (Titian)</a> (c. 1545 painting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_(Tintoretto)" title="Cain and Abel (Tintoretto)"><i>Cain and Abel</i> (Tintoretto)</a> (c. 1550 painting)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_mort_d%27Abel" title="La mort d'Abel">La mort d'Abel</a></i> (1810 composition)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_First_Mourning" title="The First Mourning">The First Mourning</a></i> (1888 painting)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_(South_Korean_TV_series)" title="Cain and Abel (South Korean TV series)">Cain and Abel</a></i> (2009 TV series)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_(comics)" title="Cain and Abel (comics)">Cain and Abel</a></i> (DC Comics)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related theology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve" title="Adam and Eve">Adam and Eve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Judas" title="Gospel of Judas">Gospel of Judas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curse_and_mark_of_Cain" title="Curse and mark of Cain">Curse and mark of Cain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpent_seed" title="Serpent seed">Serpent seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_in_Islam" title="Cain and Abel in Islam">Cain and Abel in Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balbira_and_Kalmana" class="mw-redirect" title="Balbira and Kalmana">Balbira and Kalmana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cainites" title="Cainites">Cainites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Generations_of_Adam" title="Generations of Adam">Generations of Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Genesis_patriarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Genesis patriarchs">Timeline of Genesis patriarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Nod" title="Land of Nod">Land of Nod</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dracula:_The_Dark_Prince" title="Dracula: The Dark Prince">Dracula: The Dark Prince</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Adam_and_Eve" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adam_and_Eve" title="Template:Adam and Eve"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adam_and_Eve" title="Template talk:Adam and Eve"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adam_and_Eve" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adam and Eve"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Adam_and_Eve" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve" title="Adam and Eve">Adam and Eve</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Source</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_creation_narrative" title="Genesis creation narrative">Genesis creation narrative</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Book of Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eve" title="Eve">Eve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Offspring</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel" title="Cain and Abel">Cain and Abel</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel" title="Abel">Abel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aclima" title="Aclima">Aclima</a> <ul><li>Luluwa</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth" title="Seth">Seth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awan_(religious_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Awan (religious figure)">Awan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azura_(religious_figure)" title="Azura (religious figure)">Azura</a></li> <li>Jumella</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related theology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_man" title="Fall of man">Fall of man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">Original sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Eden" title="Garden of Eden">Garden of Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_of_the_knowledge_of_good_and_evil" title="Tree of the knowledge of good and evil">Tree of the knowledge of good and evil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpents_in_the_Bible" title="Serpents in the Bible">Serpents in the Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbidden_fruit" title="Forbidden fruit">Forbidden fruit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_(symbolism)" title="Apple (symbolism)">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fig_leaf" title="Fig leaf">Fig leaf</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figs_in_the_Bible" title="Figs in the Bible">Figs in the Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam%27s_ale" title="Adam's ale">Adam's ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adamic_language" title="Adamic language">Adamic language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camael" title="Camael">Camael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protevangelium" class="mw-redirect" title="Protevangelium">Protevangelium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosh_Hashanah" title="Rosh Hashanah">Rosh Hashanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seed_of_the_woman" title="Seed of the woman">Seed of the woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamsiel" title="Shamsiel">Shamsiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilith" title="Lilith">Lilith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_of_life_(biblical)" title="Tree of life (biblical)">Tree of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegorical_interpretations_of_Genesis" title="Allegorical interpretations of Genesis">Allegorical interpretations of Genesis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other cultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam%E2%80%93God_doctrine" title="Adam–God doctrine">Adam–God doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve_in_Mormonism" title="Adam and Eve in Mormonism">Adam and Eve in Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_in_Islam" title="Adam in Islam">Adam in Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Adam in rabbinic literature">Adam in rabbinic literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-A%27raf" title="Al-A'raf">Al-A'raf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Moses" title="Book of Moses">Book of Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endowment_(Mormonism)" title="Endowment (Mormonism)">Endowment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manu_(Hinduism)" title="Manu (Hinduism)">Manu (Hinduism)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashya_and_Mashyana" title="Mashya and Mashyana">Mashya and Mashyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpent_seed" title="Serpent seed">Serpent seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_of_Jiva_and_Atman" title="Tree of Jiva and Atman">Tree of Jiva and Atman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_of_life_(Quran)" title="Tree of life (Quran)">Tree of life (Quran)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Endor_Coven" title="Our Lady of Endor Coven">Our Lady of Endor Coven</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mama%27s_Affair_(1921_film)" title="Mama's Affair (1921 film)">Mama's Affair</a></i> (1921)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Good_Morning,_Eve!" title="Good Morning, Eve!">Good Morning, Eve!</a></i> (1934)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Broken_Jug_(film)" title="The Broken Jug (film)">The Broken Jug</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Original_Sin_(film)" title="The Original Sin (film)">The Original Sin</a></i> (1948)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Private_Lives_of_Adam_and_Eve" title="The Private Lives of Adam and Eve">The Private Lives of Adam and Eve</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/El_pecado_de_Ad%C3%A1n_y_Eva" title="El pecado de Adán y Eva">El pecado de Adán y Eva</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Biblia_en_pasta" title="La Biblia en pasta">La Biblia en pasta</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Annunciation_(film)" title="The Annunciation (film)">The Annunciation</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Second_Time_Lucky" title="Second Time Lucky">Second Time Lucky</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adipapam" title="Adipapam">Adipapam</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam_(1992_film)" title="Adam (1992 film)">Adam</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Babs_(2000_film)" title="Babs (2000 film)">Babs</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Eve" title="The Last Eve">The Last Eve</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Year_One_(film)" title="Year One (film)">Year One</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tragedy_of_Man_(film)" title="The Tragedy of Man (film)">The Tragedy of Man</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Dog" title="Adam and Dog">Adam and Dog</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tropico_(2013_film)" title="Tropico (2013 film)">Tropico</a></i> (2013)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Jeu_d%27Adam" title="Le Jeu d'Adam">Le Jeu d'Adam</a></i> (12th century)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Broken_Jug" title="The Broken Jug">The Broken Jug</a></i> (1808)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tragedy_of_Man" title="The Tragedy of Man">The Tragedy of Man</a></i> (1861)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Creation_of_the_World_and_Other_Business" title="The Creation of the World and Other Business">The Creation of the World and Other Business</a></i> (1972)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Apple_Tree" title="The Apple Tree">The Apple Tree</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dude_(musical)" title="Dude (musical)">Dude</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Up_from_Paradise" title="Up from Paradise">Up from Paradise</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Children_of_Eden" title="Children of Eden">Children of Eden</a></i> (1991)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compositions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Creation_(Haydn)" title="The Creation (Haydn)">The Creation</a></i> (1798) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Creation_structure" title="The Creation structure">structure</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_mort_d%27Adam" title="La mort d'Adam">La mort d'Adam</a></i> (1809)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%88ve_(Massenet)" title="Ève (Massenet)">Ève</a></i> (1875)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Genesis_Suite" title="Genesis Suite">Genesis Suite</a></i> (1945)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lilith_(opera)" title="Lilith (opera)">Lilith</a></i> (2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Adam" title="Apocalypse of Adam">Apocalypse of Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Moses" title="Book of Moses">Book of Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Abraham" title="Book of Abraham">Book of Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Adam" title="Books of Adam">Books of Adam</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Penitence_of_Adam" title="Book of the Penitence of Adam">Book of the Penitence of Adam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Treasures" title="Cave of Treasures">Cave of Treasures</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/El_amigo_de_%C3%89l_y_Ella" title="El amigo de Él y Ella">El amigo de Él y Ella</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Genesis_A" title="Genesis A">Genesis A</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Genesis_B" title="Genesis B">Genesis B</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harrowing_of_Hell_(drama)" title="Harrowing of Hell (drama)">Harrowing of Hell</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Adam_and_Eve" title="Life of Adam and Eve">Life of Adam and Eve</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Adam" title="Testament of Adam">Testament of Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testimony_of_Truth" title="Testimony of Truth">Testimony of Truth</a> (3rd century)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Conflict_of_Adam_and_Eve_with_Satan" title="Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan">Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan</a></i> (6th century)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Old_Saxon_Genesis" title="Old Saxon Genesis">Old Saxon Genesis</a>" (9th century)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Adam_lay_ybounden" title="Adam lay ybounden">Adam lay ybounden</a>" (15th century)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paradise_Lost" title="Paradise Lost">Paradise Lost</a></i> (1667)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Dernier_Homme" title="Le Dernier Homme">Le Dernier Homme</a></i> (1805)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Extracts_from_Adam%27s_Diary" title="Extracts from Adam's Diary">Extracts from Adam's Diary</a></i> (1904)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eve%27s_Diary" title="Eve's Diary">Eve's Diary</a></i> (1905)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Genesis_(comic)" title="The Book of Genesis (comic)">The Book of Genesis</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rise_and_Fall_of_Adam_and_Eve" title="The Rise and Fall of Adam and Eve">The Rise and Fall of Adam and Eve</a></i> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bernward_Doors" title="Bernward Doors">Bernward Doors</a> (1015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapestry_of_Creation" title="Tapestry of Creation">Tapestry of Creation</a> (11th century)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_from_the_Garden_of_Eden" title="Expulsion from the Garden of Eden">Expulsion from the Garden of Eden</a></i> (1425)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Diptych" title="Vienna Diptych">Vienna Diptych</a></i> (15th century)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Judgment_(Bosch,_Vienna)" title="The Last Judgment (Bosch, Vienna)">The Last Judgment</a></i> (1482)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Garden_of_Earthly_Delights" title="The Garden of Earthly Delights">The Garden of Earthly Delights</a></i> (1504)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve_(D%C3%BCrer)" title="Adam and Eve (Dürer)">Adam and Eve</a></i> (1507)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Creation_of_Adam" title="The Creation of Adam">The Creation of Adam</a></i> (1512)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Haywain_Triptych" title="The Haywain Triptych">The Haywain Triptych</a></i> (1516)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eve,_the_Serpent_and_Death" title="Eve, the Serpent and Death">Eve, the Serpent and Death</a></i> (1510s or 1520s)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve_(Cranach)" title="Adam and Eve (Cranach)">Adam and Eve</a></i> (1528)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve/Gideon_and_the_Fleece" title="Adam and Eve/Gideon and the Fleece">Adam and Eve</a></i> (1550)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_Man_(Titian)" title="The Fall of Man (Titian)">The Fall of Man</a></i> (1550)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve_(Tintoretto)" title="Adam and Eve (Tintoretto)">Adam and Eve</a></i> (c. 1550)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Garden_of_Eden_with_the_Fall_of_Man" title="The Garden of Eden with the Fall of Man">The Garden of Eden with the Fall of Man</a></i> (1617)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_Man_(Rubens)" title="The Fall of Man (Rubens)">The Fall of Man</a></i> (1628)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve_in_the_Garden_of_Eden" title="Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden">Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden</a></i> (c. 1650)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Four_Seasons_(Poussin)" title="The Four Seasons (Poussin)">The Four Seasons</a></i> (1660s)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Koren_Picture-Bible_(1692%E2%80%931696)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Koren Picture-Bible (1692–1696)">The Koren Picture-Bible</a></i> (1692–1696)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Blake%27s_illustrations_of_Paradise_Lost" title="William Blake's illustrations of Paradise Lost">Paradise Lost</a></i> (19th century)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_from_the_Garden_of_Eden_(Cole)" title="Expulsion from the Garden of Eden (Cole)">Expulsion from the Garden of Eden</a></i> (1828)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_First_Mourning" title="The First Mourning">The First Mourning</a></i> (1888)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve_(Rodin)" title="Adam and Eve (Rodin)">Adam and Eve</a></i> (1905)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve_(Valadon)" title="Adam and Eve (Valadon)">Adam and Eve</a></i> (1909)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eve_(Davidson)" title="Eve (Davidson)"> Eve</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve_(Tamara_de_Lempicka)" title="Adam and Eve (Tamara de Lempicka)">Adam and Eve</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Serpent_Chooses_Adam_and_Eve" title="The Serpent Chooses Adam and Eve">The Serpent Chooses Adam and Eve</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Genesis_(Lebrun)" title="Genesis (Lebrun)">Genesis</a></i> (1960)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Dese_Bones_G%27wine_Rise_Again" title="Dese Bones G'wine Rise Again">Dese Bones G'wine Rise Again</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Adam-ondi-Ahman_(hymn)" title="Adam-ondi-Ahman (hymn)">Adam-ondi-Ahman</a>" (1835)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Forbidden_Fruit_(No%C3%ABl_Coward_song)" title="Forbidden Fruit (Noël Coward song)">Forbidden Fruit</a>" (1915)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Garden_of_Eden_(song)" title="The Garden of Eden (song)">The Garden of Eden</a>" (1956)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida" title="In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida">In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida</a>" (1968)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Give_Adam_and_Eve_Another_Chance" title="Let's Give Adam and Eve Another Chance">Let's Give Adam and Eve Another Chance</a>" (1970)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Man_Gave_Names_to_All_the_Animals" title="Man Gave Names to All the Animals">Man Gave Names to All the Animals</a>" (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cainian_Chronicle" title="The Cainian Chronicle">The Cainian Chronicle</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Visions_of_Eden" title="Visions of Eden">Visions of Eden</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Snakes_for_the_Divine" title="Snakes for the Divine">Snakes for the Divine</a></i> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam-ondi-Ahman" title="Adam-ondi-Ahman">Adam-ondi-Ahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Eve" title="Tomb of Eve">Tomb of Eve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Biology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_Eve" title="Mitochondrial Eve">Mitochondrial Eve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y-chromosomal_Adam" title="Y-chromosomal Adam">Y-chromosomal Adam</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Real_Eve" title="The Real Eve">The Real Eve</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Story within a story</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Doraemon:_Nobita%27s_Diary_on_the_Creation_of_the_World" title="Doraemon: Nobita's Diary on the Creation of the World">Doraemon: Nobita's Diary on the Creation of the World</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Island_of_Love_(1963_film)" title="Island of Love (1963 film)">Island of Love</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Visitors_(opera)" title="The Visitors (opera)">The Visitors</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Ki_Kahaniyan" title="Bible Ki Kahaniyan">"Adam & Eve"</a> (1992)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Probe_7,_Over_and_Out" title="Probe 7, Over and Out">Probe 7, Over and Out</a>" (1963)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Simpsons_Bible_Stories" title="Simpsons Bible Stories">Simpsons Bible Stories</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/In-A-Gadda-Da-Leela" title="In-A-Gadda-Da-Leela">In-A-Gadda-Da-Leela</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Daesong_Heavy_Industries_II:_Return_to_Innocence" class="mw-redirect" title="Daesong Heavy Industries II: Return to Innocence">Daesong Heavy Industries II: Return to Innocence</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Holly_Bibble" class="mw-redirect" title="Holly Bibble">Holly Bibble</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Demon:_The_Fallen" title="Demon: The Fallen">Demon: The Fallen</a></i> (2002)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Adamite" title="Pre-Adamite">Pre-Adamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generations_of_Adam" title="Generations of Adam">Generations of Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_the_Patriarchs" title="Cave of the Patriarchs">Cave of the Patriarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve_cylinder_seal" title="Adam and Eve cylinder seal">Adam and Eve cylinder seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genealogies_of_Genesis" title="Genealogies of Genesis">Genealogies of Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnal_knowledge" title="Carnal knowledge">Carnal knowledge</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Legend_of_the_Rood" title="Legend of the Rood">Legend of the Rood</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ystorya_Adaf" title="Ystorya Adaf">Ystorya Adaf</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ransom_theory_of_atonement" title="Ransom theory of atonement">Ransom theory of atonement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205365#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205365#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205365#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000107759843">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/1368673">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/104346/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjr99m3hpDyHg4k94r8grq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118714724">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82212938">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119310957">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119310957">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jx20121010006&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.rsl.ru/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&adjacent=Y&local_base=RSL11&request=000043212&CON_LNG=ENG">Russia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1136135">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000257833">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810605426205606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/78244">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007303173005171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058620245906706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500448168">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118714724">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027221768">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cain&oldid=1260816684">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cain&oldid=1260816684</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bereshit_(parashah)" title="Category:Bereshit (parashah)">Bereshit (parashah)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Biblical_murderers" title="Category:Biblical murderers">Biblical murderers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Book_of_Genesis_people" title="Category:Book of Genesis people">Book of Genesis people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Book_of_Jubilees" title="Category:Book of Jubilees">Book of Jubilees</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cain_and_Abel" title="Category:Cain and Abel">Cain and Abel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Children_of_Adam_and_Eve" title="Category:Children of Adam and Eve">Children of Adam and Eve</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christian_mythology" title="Category:Christian mythology">Christian mythology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jewish_mythology" title="Category:Jewish mythology">Jewish mythology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mythological_fratricides" title="Category:Mythological fratricides">Mythological fratricides</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mythological_city_founders" title="Category:Mythological city founders">Mythological city founders</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Hebrew-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Hebrew-language text">Articles containing Hebrew-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Greek-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Greek-language text">Articles containing Greek-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text">Articles containing Arabic-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Italian-language_sources_(it)" title="Category:CS1 Italian-language sources (it)">CS1 Italian-language sources (it)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_June_2024" title="Category:Articles to be expanded from June 2024">Articles to be expanded from June 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_expanded" title="Category:All articles to be expanded">All articles to be expanded</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_neutral_point_of_view_disputes_from_August_2024" title="Category:Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes from August 2024">Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes from August 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_neutral_point_of_view_disputes" title="Category:All Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes">All Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons link from Wikidata">Commons link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 2 December 2024, at 19:51<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cain&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-55db797859-lbkjn","wgBackendResponseTime":168,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.953","walltime":"1.205","ppvisitednodes":{"value":9093,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":259613,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":5798,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":8,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":201601,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1020.178 1 -total"," 21.58% 220.129 2 Template:Reflist"," 15.52% 158.332 25 Template:Cite_book"," 14.31% 145.979 1 Template:Efn"," 10.10% 103.054 5 Template:Langx"," 9.48% 96.734 1 Template:Infobox_person"," 7.60% 77.521 1 Template:AdamtoNoah"," 7.29% 74.329 16 Template:Sfn"," 7.13% 72.703 3 Template:Navbox"," 6.66% 67.925 1 Template:Cain_and_Abel"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.543","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":21379227,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAdam_White2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlter2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBDBSamuel_Rolles_DriverCharles_Augustus_Briggs1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlenkinsopp2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrewer1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFByron2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollier1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFConder1878\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCraig,_Jr.1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDay2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDoukhan2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDrower,_E.S.1932\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrey1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGmirkin2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarrisBringhurst2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHendel2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKohlerBennettGinzberg1906\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKramer1961\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKugel1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKuglerHartin2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLuttikhuizen2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMann2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMari_Jørstad2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMathiesen1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMelton2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNares1859\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrudom2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReeve2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRockett2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSailhamer2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchlimm2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchwartzLoebel-FriedGinsburg2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThompson2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVan_Scott1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWatt1852\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhittemore\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZucker2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFde_Vries1976\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"Adam and Eve\"] = 1,\n [\"AdamtoNoah\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Bibleref2\"] = 8,\n [\"Bibleverse\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Cain and Abel\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite archive\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 25,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 9,\n [\"Commons\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 1,\n [\"Expand section\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 3,\n [\"Infobox person\"] = 1,\n [\"Langx\"] = 5,\n [\"Main\"] = 2,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Respell\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 3,\n [\"Script/Hebrew\"] = 2,\n [\"See also\"] = 2,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 16,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Undue weight\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-55db797859-kxxm7","timestamp":"20241218031153","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Cain","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cain","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q205365","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q205365","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-06-11T02:48:41Z","dateModified":"2024-12-02T19:51:28Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/46\/Cain_and_Abel._Mironov_%28cropped%29.jpg","headline":"Biblical figure"}</script> </body> </html>