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class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Sethian Gnostic interpretation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sethian_Gnostic_interpretation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mandaean_interpretation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mandaean_interpretation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Mandaean interpretation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mandaean_interpretation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islamic_interpretation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islamic_interpretation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Islamic interpretation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islamic_interpretation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_modern_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_modern_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>In modern media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_modern_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Abel</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 58 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84" title="هابيل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هابيل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2" title="হাবিল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হাবিল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Авель – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Авель" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Абэль – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Абэль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abel" title="Abel – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Abel" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Авел – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Авел" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A7%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8D" title="ཧ་བེལ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཧ་བེལ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abel" title="Abel – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Abel" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81bel" title="Ábel – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ábel" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abel_(biblische_Person)" title="Abel (biblische Person) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Abel (biblische Person)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aabel" title="Aabel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Aabel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%B2%CE%B5%CE%BB" title="Άβελ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άβελ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abel" title="Abel – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Abel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habelo" title="Habelo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Habelo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abel" title="Abel – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Abel" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84" title="هابیل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هابیل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abel" title="Abel – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Abel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abel" title="Abel – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Abel" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%B2%A8_(%EC%84%B1%EA%B2%BD)" title="아벨 (성경) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아벨 (성경)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habila" title="Habila – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Habila" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A2%D5%A5%D5%AC_(%D4%B1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%AB_%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%AB)" title="Աբել (Ադամի որդի) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Աբել (Ադամի որդի)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abel" title="Abel – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Abel" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habel" title="Habel – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Habel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abel" title="Abel – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Abel" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abele" title="Abele – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Abele" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%91%D7%9C" title="הבל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הבל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90)" title="აბელი (ბიბლია) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აბელი (ბიბლია)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Авель – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Авель" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abeli" title="Abeli – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Abeli" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abel" title="Abel – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Abel" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abelis" title="Abelis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Abelis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab%C9%9Bl%C9%9B" title="Abɛlɛ – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Abɛlɛ" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81bel_(%C3%81d%C3%A1m_fia)" title="Ábel (Ádám fia) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ábel (Ádám fia)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Авел – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Авел" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abela" title="Abela – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Abela" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90)" title="აბელი (ბიბლია) – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="აბელი (ბიბლია)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84" title="هابيل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هابيل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abel_(Bijbel)" title="Abel (Bijbel) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Abel (Bijbel)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB" title="アベル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アベル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abel_(Bibelen)" title="Abel (Bibelen) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Abel (Bibelen)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab%C3%A8l" title="Abèl – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Abèl" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abel" title="Abel – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Abel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abel" title="Abel – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Abel" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Авель – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Авель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Аабыл – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Аабыл" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84" title="ہابیل – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="ہابیل" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abel" title="Abel – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Abel" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81bel" title="Ábel – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ábel" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abel" title="Abel – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Abel" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abel" title="Abel – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Abel" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abel_(biblisk_person)" title="Abel (biblisk person) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Abel (biblisk person)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A2bil" title="Hâbil – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hâbil" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the biblical figure. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Abel_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Abel (disambiguation)">Abel (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;background: #D3D3D3; color:black;"><div class="fn">Abel</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname" lang="he">הֶבֶל</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Cain_and_Abel._Mironov_(cropped2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Cain_and_Abel._Mironov_%28cropped2%29.jpg/220px-Cain_and_Abel._Mironov_%28cropped2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Cain_and_Abel._Mironov_%28cropped2%29.jpg/330px-Cain_and_Abel._Mironov_%28cropped2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Cain_and_Abel._Mironov_%28cropped2%29.jpg/440px-Cain_and_Abel._Mironov_%28cropped2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1775" data-file-height="2367" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Detail from <i>Cain and Abel</i> by <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Mironov_(painter)" title="Andrei Mironov (painter)">Andrei Mironov</a>, 2015</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a> (father)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Eve" title="Eve">Eve</a> (mother)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #D3D3D3; color:black;">Religious life</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic religions</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Abel</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">הֶבֶל</span> <i>Hébel</i>, in <a href="/wiki/Pausa" title="Pausa">pausa</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">הָבֶל</span>‎ <i>Hā́ḇel</i>; <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical Greek language">Biblical Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ἅβελ</span> <i>Hábel</i>; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84" class="extiw" title="wikt:هابيل">هابيل</a></span>, <i>Hābēl</i>) is a biblical figure in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Book of Genesis</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Abrahamic religion">Abrahamic religions</a>. Born as the second son of <a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eve" title="Eve">Eve</a>, the first two humans created by <a href="/wiki/God_in_Judaism" title="God in Judaism">God</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he was a <a href="/wiki/Shepherd" title="Shepherd">shepherd</a> who offered his firstborn flock to God as a religious offering. God accepted Abel's offering but not the offering of his older brother <a href="/wiki/Cain" title="Cain">Cain</a>, leading Cain to stone Abel to death out of jealousy. This act marked the first death in biblical history, making Abel the first murder victim. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_death">Life and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abel&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel#Genesis_narrative" title="Cain and Abel">Cain and Abel § Genesis narrative</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cain_and_Abel&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cain_leadeth_abel_to_death_tissot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Cain_leadeth_abel_to_death_tissot.jpg/250px-Cain_leadeth_abel_to_death_tissot.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Cain_leadeth_abel_to_death_tissot.jpg/330px-Cain_leadeth_abel_to_death_tissot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Cain_leadeth_abel_to_death_tissot.jpg/500px-Cain_leadeth_abel_to_death_tissot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2345" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><i>Cain leadeth Abel to death</i>, by <a href="/wiki/James_Tissot" title="James Tissot">James Tissot</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1900</span></figcaption></figure> <p>The story of <a href="/wiki/Cain" title="Cain">Cain</a>'s murder of Abel and its consequences is told in Genesis 4:1–18:<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Now the man knew his wife Eve, and she conceived and bore Cain, saying, "I have produced a man with the help of the Lord."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Next she bore his brother Abel.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Now Abel was a keeper of sheep, and Cain a tiller of the ground. In the course of time Cain brought to the Lord an offering of the fruit of the ground, and Abel for his part brought of the firstlings of his flock, their fat portions. And the Lord had regard for Abel and his offering, but for Cain and his offering he had no regard. So Cain was very angry, and his countenance fell. The Lord said to Cain, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>"Why are you angry, <br /> and why has your countenance fallen? <br /> If you do well, <br /> will you not be accepted? <br /> And if you do not do well, <br /> sin is lurking at the door; <br /> its desire is for you, <br /> but you must master it." </p> </div></blockquote> <p>Cain said to his brother Abel, "Let us go out to the field."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> And when they were in the field, Cain rose up against his brother Abel, and killed him. </p><p>Then the Lord said to Cain, "Where is your brother Abel?" He said, "I do not know; am I my brother's keeper?"<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> And the Lord said, "What have you done? Listen; your brother's blood is crying out to me from the ground! And now you are cursed from the ground, which has opened its mouth to receive your brother's blood from your hand.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When you till the ground, it will no longer yield to you its strength; you will be a fugitive and a wanderer on the earth." Cain said to the Lord, "My punishment is greater than I can bear! Today you have driven me away from the soil, and I shall be hidden from your face; I shall be a fugitive and a wanderer on the earth, and anyone who meets me may kill me." Then the Lord said to him, "Not so! Whoever kills Cain will suffer a sevenfold vengeance." And the Lord put a mark on Cain, so that no one who came upon him would kill him. </p><p> Then Cain went away from the presence of the Lord, and settled in the land of Nod, east of Eden. Cain knew his wife, and she conceived and bore Enoch; and he built a city, and named it Enoch after his son Enoch.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Book of Genesis</a>, 4:1–18<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interpretations">Interpretations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abel&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Interpretations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jewish_and_Christian_interpretations">Jewish and Christian interpretations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abel&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Jewish and Christian interpretations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the narrative in <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Genesis</a>, Abel is Eve's second son. His name in Hebrew is composed of the same three consonants as a <a href="/wiki/Semitic_root" title="Semitic root">root</a> meaning "the air that remains after you exhale" also synonymous in Hebrew to "nothing", as stated in <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastes" title="Ecclesiastes">Ecclesiastes</a>. <a href="/wiki/Julius_Wellhausen" title="Julius Wellhausen">Julius Wellhausen</a> has proposed that the name is independent of the root.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Eberhard_Schrader" title="Eberhard Schrader">Eberhard Schrader</a> had previously put forward the <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Akkadian (language)">Akkadian</a> (Old Assyrian dialect) <i>ablu</i> ("son") as a more likely etymology.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Bouguereau_-_El_primer_duelo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/William_Bouguereau_-_El_primer_duelo.jpg/220px-William_Bouguereau_-_El_primer_duelo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/William_Bouguereau_-_El_primer_duelo.jpg/330px-William_Bouguereau_-_El_primer_duelo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/William_Bouguereau_-_El_primer_duelo.jpg/440px-William_Bouguereau_-_El_primer_duelo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3300" data-file-height="2634" /></a><figcaption> <i><a href="/wiki/The_First_Mourning" title="The First Mourning">The First Mourning</a></i> (Adam and Eve mourn the death of Abel); oil on canvas 1888 painting by <a href="/wiki/William-Adolphe_Bouguereau" title="William-Adolphe Bouguereau">William-Adolphe Bouguereau</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>In Christianity, comparisons are sometimes made between the death of Abel and that of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>, the former thus seen as being the first martyr. In Matthew 23:35 Jesus speaks of Abel as "righteous", and the <a href="/wiki/Epistle_to_the_Hebrews" title="Epistle to the Hebrews">Epistle to the Hebrews</a> states that "The blood of sprinkling ... [speaks] better things than that of Abel" (Hebrews 12:24). The blood of Jesus is interpreted as bringing mercy; but that of Abel as demanding vengeance (hence the curse and mark).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Abel is invoked in the <a href="/wiki/Litany" title="Litany">litany</a> for the dying in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a>, and his sacrifice is mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Canon_of_the_Mass" title="Canon of the Mass">Canon of the Mass</a> along with those of <a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melchizedek" title="Melchizedek">Melchizedek</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_Rite" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandrian Rite">Alexandrian Rite</a> commemorates him with a <a href="/wiki/Feast_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast day">feast day</a> on December 28.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the Coptic <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Adam_and_Eve" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of Adam and Eve">Book of Adam and Eve</a> (at 2:1–15), and the <a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a> <a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Treasures" title="Cave of Treasures">Cave of Treasures</a>, Abel's body, after many days of mourning, was placed in the <i>Cave of Treasures</i>, before which Adam and Eve, and descendants, offered their prayers. In addition, the <a href="/wiki/Seth" title="Seth">Sethite</a> line of the <a href="/wiki/Generations_of_Adam" title="Generations of Adam">Generations of Adam</a> swear by Abel's blood to segregate themselves from the <i>unrighteous</i>. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Enoch" title="Book of Enoch">Book of Enoch</a> (22:7), regarded by most Christian and Jewish traditions as extra-biblical, the soul of Abel is described as having been appointed as the chief of martyrs, crying for vengeance, for the destruction of the seed of Cain. A similar view is later shown in the <a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Abraham" title="Testament of Abraham">Testament of Abraham</a> (A:13 / B:11), where Abel has been raised to the position as the judge of the souls. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Bereshit_Rabbah" class="mw-redirect" title="Bereshit Rabbah">Bereshit Rabbah</a> (22:2), a discussion of Gen. 4:1 ff. has Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Joshua_ben_Karha" title="Joshua ben Karha">Yehoshua ben Korcha</a> mentioning that Cain was born with a twin sister, and Abel with two twin sisters. This is based on the principle that the otherwise superfluous accusative article "et" always conveys some additional teaching (<a href="/wiki/Pesachim" title="Pesachim">Pesachim</a> 22b). The "et"'s are parsed slightly differently in <a href="/wiki/Yebamot" class="mw-redirect" title="Yebamot">Yebamot</a> 62a where the two "et"'s in Gen. 4:2 indicate Cain and his sister, and Abel and his (one) sister. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sethian_Gnostic_interpretation">Sethian Gnostic interpretation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abel&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sethian Gnostic interpretation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Apocryphon_of_John" title="Apocryphon of John">Apocryphon of John</a>, a work belonging to <a href="/wiki/Sethianism" title="Sethianism">Sethian</a> <a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a>, Abel is the offspring of <a href="/wiki/Demiurge#Yaldaboath" title="Demiurge">Yaldaboath</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eve" title="Eve">Eve</a>, who is placed over the elements of water and earth as <a href="/wiki/Elohim" title="Elohim">Elohim</a>, but was only given his name as a form of deception.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mandaean_interpretation"><span class="anchor" id="Hibil"></span>Mandaean interpretation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abel&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Mandaean interpretation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hibil" title="Hibil">Hibil</a></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Mandaeism" title="Mandaeism">Mandaean</a> beliefs and scriptures including the <a href="/wiki/Qulasta" title="Qulasta">Qulasta</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dra%C5%A1a_D-Iahia" class="mw-redirect" title="Draša D-Iahia">Book of John</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ginza_Rba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ginza Rba">Genzā Rabbā</a>, Abel is cognate with the angelic <a href="/wiki/Soteriology" title="Soteriology">soteriological</a> figure <b>Hibil Ziwa</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Classical_Mandaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Mandaic language">Classical Mandaic</a>: <span lang="myz" dir="rtl">ࡄࡉࡁࡉࡋ ࡆࡉࡅࡀ</span>, sometimes translated "Splendid Hibel"),<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who is spoken of as a son of <a href="/wiki/Hayyi_Rabbi" title="Hayyi Rabbi">Hayyi</a><sup id="cite_ref-ginza-alsaadi-r5-p78_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ginza-alsaadi-r5-p78-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or of <a href="/wiki/Manda_d-Hayyi" title="Manda d-Hayyi">Manda d-Hayyi</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ginza-alsaadi-gloss_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ginza-alsaadi-gloss-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ginza-alsaadi-r5-p83_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ginza-alsaadi-r5-p83-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as a brother to <a href="/wiki/Enos_(biblical_figure)#In_Mandaeism" title="Enos (biblical figure)">Anush (Enosh)</a> and to <a href="/wiki/Seth#Mandaeism" title="Seth">Sheetil (Seth)</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ginza-alsaadi-r5_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ginza-alsaadi-r5-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who is the son of <a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ginza-alsaadi-l1-1_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ginza-alsaadi-l1-1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elsewhere, Anush is spoken of as the son of Sheetil, and Sheetil as the son of Hibil, where Hibil came to Adam and Eve as a young boy when they were still virgins, but was called their son.<sup id="cite_ref-ginza-alsaadi-r12_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ginza-alsaadi-r12-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hibil is an important <a href="/wiki/Lightworld" class="mw-redirect" title="Lightworld">lightworld</a> being (<a href="/wiki/Uthra" title="Uthra">uthra</a>) who conquered the <a href="/wiki/World_of_Darkness_(Mandaeism)" title="World of Darkness (Mandaeism)">World of Darkness</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ginza-alsaadi-gloss_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ginza-alsaadi-gloss-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As <b>Yawar Hibil</b>, he is one of multiple figures known as <b><a href="/wiki/Yawar_Ziwa" title="Yawar Ziwa">Yawar</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Classical_Mandaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Mandaic language">Classical Mandaic</a>: <span lang="myz" dir="rtl">ࡉࡀࡅࡀࡓ</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'Helper'), being so named by and after his father.<sup id="cite_ref-ginza-alsaadi-r5_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ginza-alsaadi-r5-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islamic_interpretation">Islamic interpretation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abel&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Islamic interpretation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NabiHabeel02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/NabiHabeel02.JPG/220px-NabiHabeel02.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/NabiHabeel02.JPG/330px-NabiHabeel02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/NabiHabeel02.JPG/440px-NabiHabeel02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Grave of Abel within the <a href="/wiki/Nabi_Habeel_Mosque" title="Nabi Habeel Mosque">Nabi Habeel Mosque</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_in_Islam" title="Cain and Abel in Islam">Cain and Abel in Islam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Ma%27ida" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Ma'ida">Al-Ma'ida</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NabiHabeel01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/NabiHabeel01.jpg/250px-NabiHabeel01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/NabiHabeel01.jpg/330px-NabiHabeel01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/NabiHabeel01.jpg/500px-NabiHabeel01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1809" data-file-height="1473" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum" title="Mausoleum">Mausoleum</a> of Abel in the <a href="/wiki/Nabi_Habeel_Mosque" title="Nabi Habeel Mosque">Nabi Habeel Mosque</a></figcaption></figure> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shi'a Muslim</a> belief, Abel (<i>"Habeel"</i>) is buried in the <a href="/wiki/Nabi_Habeel_Mosque" title="Nabi Habeel Mosque">Nabi Habeel Mosque</a>, located on the west mountains of <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, near the <a href="/wiki/Zabadani" class="mw-redirect" title="Zabadani">Zabadani</a> Valley, overlooking the villages of the <a href="/wiki/Barada" title="Barada">Barada</a> river (Wadi Barada), in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>. Shi'a are frequent visitors of this mosque for <a href="/wiki/Ziyarat" title="Ziyarat">ziyarat</a>. The mosque was built by <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> <a href="/wiki/Wali_(administrative_title)" title="Wali (administrative title)">Wali</a> Ahmad Pasha in 1599. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_modern_media">In modern media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abel&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: In modern media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Abel is portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Franco_Nero" title="Franco Nero">Franco Nero</a> in the film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Bible:_In_the_Beginning..." title="The Bible: In the Beginning...">The Bible: In the Beginning...</a></i> (1966).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Rudd" title="Paul Rudd">Paul Rudd</a> played the role of Abel in the 2009 film <a href="/wiki/Year_One_(film)" title="Year One (film)">Year One</a>.</li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/SCP_Foundation" title="SCP Foundation">SCP series</a>, an anomaly named Able with the codename SCP-076 is based on Abel.</li> <li>In <i><a href="/wiki/Shin_Megami_Tensei:_Devil_Survivor" title="Shin Megami Tensei: Devil Survivor">Shin Megami Tensei: Devil Survivor</a></i>, the main character Kazuya is the reincarnation of Abel.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oasis_(band)" title="Oasis (band)">Oasis</a> frontman <a href="/wiki/Liam_Gallagher" title="Liam Gallagher">Liam Gallagher</a> penned a song titled "Guess God Thinks I'm Abel", which appears on the band's 2005 album <i><a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Believe_the_Truth" title="Don't Believe the Truth">Don't Believe the Truth</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abel&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/əl/: 'le' in 'bottle'">əl</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">הֶבֶל</span> <i>Héḇel</i>, in <a href="/wiki/Pausa" title="Pausa">pausa</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095" /><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">הָבֶל</span>‎ <i>Hā́ḇel</i>; <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical Greek language">Biblical Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ἅβελ</span> <i>Hábel</i>; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">هابيل</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Hābīl</i></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abel&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Holy Bible</i> (English Standard Version ed.). Crossway Bibles. 2016. pp. Genesis 1:26–27, Genesis 2:20–24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Holy+Bible&rft.pages=Genesis+1%3A26-27%2C+Genesis+2%3A20-24&rft.edition=English+Standard+Version&rft.pub=Crossway+Bibles&rft.date=2016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Alter" title="Robert Alter">Alter, Robert</a>, trans. 2008. "Genesis 4." In <i>The Five Books of Moses</i>. p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">4:1 – The Hebrew verb "knew" implies intimate or sexual knowledge, along with possession. The name "Cain", which means "smith", resembles the verb translated as "gotten" but also possibly meaning "to make". (Alter 2008:29).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">4:2 – Abel's name could be associated with "vapor" or "puff of air". (Alter 2008:29).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">4:8 – "Let us go out to the field" does not appear in the <a href="/wiki/Masoretic_Text" title="Masoretic Text">Masoretic Text</a>, but is found in other versions including the Septuagint and <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_Pentateuch" title="Samaritan Pentateuch">Samaritan Pentateuch</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">4:9 – the phrase traditionally translated "am I my brother's keeper?" is Hebrew <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">"Hă-šōmêr 'āḥî 'ānōḵî?"</i></span>. "Keeper" is from the verb <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">shamar</i></span> (<span title="Biblical Hebrew-language text"><span lang="hbo" dir="rtl">שמר</span></span>), 'guard, keep, watch, preserve.'</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">4:10–12 – Cain is cursed <span title="Biblical Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="hbo-Latn">min-ha-adamah</i></span>, from the earth, being the same root as "man" and Adam.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Genesis%204:1–18&version=nrsv">Genesis 4:1–18</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Julius_Wellhausen" title="Julius Wellhausen">Julius Wellhausen</a>, <i>Skizzen und Vorarbeiten</i>, volume 3, (1887), p. 70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Eberhard_Schrader" title="Eberhard Schrader">Eberhard Schrader</a>, <i>Die Keilinschrift und das Alte Testament</i>, 1872.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For copies of a spectrum of notable translations and commentaries see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bible.cc/hebrews/12-24.htm">Hebrews 12:24</a> at the Online Parallel Bible.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_George_Holweck" title="Frederick George Holweck">Holweck, F. G.</a>, <i>A Biographical Dictionary of the Saints</i>. St. Louis, MO: B. Herder Book Co., 1924.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMarvin_MeyerWillis_Barnstone2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Meyer" title="Marvin Meyer">Marvin Meyer</a>; <a href="/wiki/Willis_Barnstone" title="Willis Barnstone">Willis Barnstone</a> (June 30, 2009). "The Secret Book of John". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gnosis.org/naghamm/apocjn-meyer.html"><i>The Gnostic Bible</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Shambhala_Publications" title="Shambhala Publications">Shambhala</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Secret+Book+of+John&rft.btitle=The+Gnostic+Bible&rft.pub=Shambhala&rft.date=2009-06-30&rft.au=Marvin+Meyer&rft.au=Willis+Barnstone&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgnosis.org%2Fnaghamm%2Fapocjn-meyer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/gnosticism/Apocryphon-of-John">"Gnosticism - Apocryphon of John"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gnosticism+-+Apocryphon+of+John&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Fgnosticism%2FApocryphon-of-John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDrower,_E.S.1932" class="citation book cs1">Drower, E.S. (1932). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mandaeansofiraqi00esdr"><i>The Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran</i></a></span>. Gorgias Press.com. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1931956499" title="Special:BookSources/978-1931956499"><bdi>978-1931956499</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mandaeans+of+Iraq+and+Iran&rft.pub=Gorgias+Press.com&rft.date=1932&rft.isbn=978-1931956499&rft.au=Drower%2C+E.S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmandaeansofiraqi00esdr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHäberlMcGrath2019" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_G._H%C3%A4berl" title="Charles G. Häberl">Häberl, Charles G.</a>; <a href="/wiki/James_F._McGrath" title="James F. McGrath">McGrath, James F.</a> (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gnosis.org/library/The_Mandaean_Book_of_John_Open_Access_Ve.pdf"><i>The Mandaean Book of John: Text and Translation</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Open Access Version. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.gnosis.org/library/The_Mandaean_Book_of_John_Open_Access_Ve.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2022-10-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mandaean+Book+of+John%3A+Text+and+Translation&rft.place=Berlin%2FBoston&rft.series=Open+Access+Version&rft.pub=De+Gruyter&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=H%C3%A4berl&rft.aufirst=Charles+G.&rft.au=McGrath%2C+James+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gnosis.org%2Flibrary%2FThe_Mandaean_Book_of_John_Open_Access_Ve.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ginza-alsaadi-r5-p78-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ginza-alsaadi-r5-p78_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAl-SaadiAl-Saadi2019" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Al-Saadi, Qais; Al-Saadi, Hamed (2019). "Book Five: The Descent of the Savior". <i><a href="/wiki/Ginza_Rabba" title="Ginza Rabba">Ginza Rabba</a></i>. Vol. Right Volume (2nd ed.). Germany: Drabsha. p. 78. <q>My Father, Hayyi, said to me, "Why are you standing down Yawar? You are Yawar Hibil the messenger![…]"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Book+Five%3A+The+Descent+of+the+Savior&rft.btitle=Ginza+Rabba&rft.place=Germany&rft.pages=78&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Drabsha&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Al-Saadi&rft.aufirst=Qais&rft.au=Al-Saadi%2C+Hamed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ginza-alsaadi-gloss-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ginza-alsaadi-gloss_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ginza-alsaadi-gloss_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAl-SaadiAl-Saadi2019" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Al-Saadi, Qais; Al-Saadi, Hamed (2019). "Glossary". <i><a href="/wiki/Ginza_Rabba" title="Ginza Rabba">Ginza Rabba</a></i>. Vol. Right Volume (2nd ed.). Germany: Drabsha. pp. <span class="nowrap">206–</span>213.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Glossary&rft.btitle=Ginza+Rabba&rft.place=Germany&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E206-%3C%2Fspan%3E213&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Drabsha&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Al-Saadi&rft.aufirst=Qais&rft.au=Al-Saadi%2C+Hamed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ginza-alsaadi-r5-p83-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ginza-alsaadi-r5-p83_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAl-SaadiAl-Saadi2019" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Al-Saadi, Qais; Al-Saadi, Hamed (2019). "Book Five: The Descent of the Savior". <i><a href="/wiki/Ginza_Rabba" title="Ginza Rabba">Ginza Rabba</a></i>. Vol. Right Volume (2nd ed.). Germany: Drabsha. p. 83. <q>In gratitude we give thanks to Manda ʼd Hayyi and to his son Hibil, who established the order of Hayyi.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Book+Five%3A+The+Descent+of+the+Savior&rft.btitle=Ginza+Rabba&rft.place=Germany&rft.pages=83&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Drabsha&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Al-Saadi&rft.aufirst=Qais&rft.au=Al-Saadi%2C+Hamed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ginza-alsaadi-r5-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ginza-alsaadi-r5_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ginza-alsaadi-r5_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAl-SaadiAl-Saadi2019" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Al-Saadi, Qais; Al-Saadi, Hamed (2019). "Book Five: The Descent of the Savior". <i><a href="/wiki/Ginza_Rabba" title="Ginza Rabba">Ginza Rabba</a></i>. Vol. Right Volume (2nd ed.). Germany: Drabsha. pp. <span class="nowrap">70–</span>83.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Book+Five%3A+The+Descent+of+the+Savior&rft.btitle=Ginza+Rabba&rft.place=Germany&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E70-%3C%2Fspan%3E83&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Drabsha&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Al-Saadi&rft.aufirst=Qais&rft.au=Al-Saadi%2C+Hamed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ginza-alsaadi-l1-1-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ginza-alsaadi-l1-1_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAl-SaadiAl-Saadi2019" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Al-Saadi, Qais; Al-Saadi, Hamed (2019). "Book One, 1st Glorification: The Return of Sheetil, son of Adam to the World of Light". <i><a href="/wiki/Ginza_Rabba" title="Ginza Rabba">Ginza Rabba</a></i>. Vol. Left Volume (2nd ed.). Germany: Drabsha. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Book+One%2C+1st+Glorification%3A+The+Return+of+Sheetil%2C+son+of+Adam+to+the+World+of+Light&rft.btitle=Ginza+Rabba&rft.place=Germany&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E9&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Drabsha&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Al-Saadi&rft.aufirst=Qais&rft.au=Al-Saadi%2C+Hamed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ginza-alsaadi-r12-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ginza-alsaadi-r12_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAl-SaadiAl-Saadi2019" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Al-Saadi, Qais; Al-Saadi, Hamed (2019). "Book Twelve: The Second Illumination". <i><a href="/wiki/Ginza_Rabba" title="Ginza Rabba">Ginza Rabba</a></i>. Vol. Right Volume (2nd ed.). Germany: Drabsha. pp. <span class="nowrap">130–</span>135.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Book+Twelve%3A+The+Second+Illumination&rft.btitle=Ginza+Rabba&rft.place=Germany&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E130-%3C%2Fspan%3E135&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Drabsha&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Al-Saadi&rft.aufirst=Qais&rft.au=Al-Saadi%2C+Hamed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbel" class="Z3988"></span> [Note: this is book 10 in some other editions.]</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cain_and_Abel" title="Template:Cain and Abel"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cain_and_Abel" title="Template talk:Cain and Abel"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cain_and_Abel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cain and Abel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cain_and_Abel95" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel" title="Cain and Abel">Cain and Abel</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Book of Genesis</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Biblical characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eve" title="Eve">Eve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cain" title="Cain">Cain</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Abel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoch_(son_of_Cain)" title="Enoch (son of Cain)">Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awan_(religious_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Awan (religious figure)">Awan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cain_leadeth_abel_to_death_tissot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Cain_leadeth_abel_to_death_tissot.jpg/250px-Cain_leadeth_abel_to_death_tissot.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Cain_leadeth_abel_to_death_tissot.jpg/330px-Cain_leadeth_abel_to_death_tissot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2345" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portrayals in media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/East_of_Eden_(film)" title="East of Eden (film)">East of Eden</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%ADn_(film)" title="Caín (film)">Caín</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Biblia_en_pasta" title="La Biblia en pasta">La Biblia en pasta</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Eve" title="The Last Eve">The Last Eve</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Year_One_(film)" title="Year One (film)">Year One</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abel_Cain" title="Abel Cain">Abel Cain</a></i> (unmade)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Jeu_d%27Adam" title="Le Jeu d'Adam">Le Jeu d'Adam</a></i> (12th century)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cain_(play)" title="Cain (play)">Cain</a></i> (1821)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Children_of_Eden" title="Children of Eden">Children of Eden</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Here%27s_Where_I_Belong" title="Here's Where I Belong">Here's Where I Belong</a></i> (1968)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Penitence_of_Adam" title="Book of the Penitence of Adam">Book of the Penitence of Adam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/East_of_Eden_(novel)" title="East of Eden (novel)">East of Eden</a></i> (1952 novel)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abel_S%C3%A1nchez:_The_History_of_a_Passion" title="Abel Sánchez: The History of a Passion">Abel Sánchez: The History of a Passion</a></i> (1917)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Lies_(Meltzer_novel)" title="The Book of Lies (Meltzer novel)">The Book of Lies</a></i> (2008 novel)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Should_the_Bible_Be_Banned" title="Should the Bible Be Banned">Should the Bible Be Banned</a>" (1988)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cain%27s_Blood" title="Cain's Blood">Cain's Blood</a>" (1995)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_(Titian)" title="Cain and Abel (Titian)"><i>Cain and Abel</i> (Titian)</a> (c. 1545 painting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_(Tintoretto)" title="Cain and Abel (Tintoretto)"><i>Cain and Abel</i> (Tintoretto)</a> (c. 1550 painting)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_mort_d%27Abel" title="La mort d'Abel">La mort d'Abel</a></i> (1810 composition)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_First_Mourning" title="The First Mourning">The First Mourning</a></i> (1888 painting)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_(South_Korean_TV_series)" title="Cain and Abel (South Korean TV series)">Cain and Abel</a></i> (2009 TV series)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_(comics)" title="Cain and Abel (comics)">Cain and Abel</a></i> (DC Comics)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related theology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve" title="Adam and Eve">Adam and Eve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Judas" title="Gospel of Judas">Gospel of Judas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curse_and_mark_of_Cain" title="Curse and mark of Cain">Curse and mark of Cain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpent_seed" title="Serpent seed">Serpent seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_in_Islam" title="Cain and Abel in Islam">Cain and Abel in Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balbira_and_Kalmana" class="mw-redirect" title="Balbira and Kalmana">Balbira and Kalmana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Generations_of_Adam" title="Generations of Adam">Generations of Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Genesis_patriarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Genesis patriarchs">Timeline of Genesis patriarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Nod" title="Land of Nod">Land of Nod</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dracula:_The_Dark_Prince" title="Dracula: The Dark Prince">Dracula: The Dark Prince</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Adam_and_Eve170" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adam_and_Eve" title="Template:Adam and Eve"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adam_and_Eve" title="Template talk:Adam and Eve"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adam_and_Eve" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adam and Eve"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Adam_and_Eve170" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve" title="Adam and Eve">Adam and Eve</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Source</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_creation_narrative" title="Genesis creation narrative">Genesis creation narrative</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Book of Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eve" title="Eve">Eve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Offspring</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel" title="Cain and Abel">Cain and Abel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cain" title="Cain">Cain</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Abel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aclima" title="Aclima">Aclima</a> <ul><li>Luluwa</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth" title="Seth">Seth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awan_(religious_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Awan (religious figure)">Awan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azura_(religious_figure)" title="Azura (religious figure)">Azura</a></li> <li>Jumella</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related theology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_man" title="Fall of man">Fall of man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">Original sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Eden" title="Garden of Eden">Garden of Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_of_the_knowledge_of_good_and_evil" title="Tree of the knowledge of good and evil">Tree of the knowledge of good and evil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpents_in_the_Bible" title="Serpents in the Bible">Serpents in the Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbidden_fruit" title="Forbidden fruit">Forbidden fruit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_(symbolism)" title="Apple (symbolism)">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fig_leaf" title="Fig leaf">Fig leaf</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figs_in_the_Bible" title="Figs in the Bible">Figs in the Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam%27s_ale" title="Adam's ale">Adam's ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adamic_language" title="Adamic language">Adamic language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camael" title="Camael">Camael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protevangelium" class="mw-redirect" title="Protevangelium">Protevangelium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosh_Hashanah" title="Rosh Hashanah">Rosh Hashanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seed_of_the_woman" title="Seed of the woman">Seed of the woman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamsiel" title="Shamsiel">Shamsiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilith" title="Lilith">Lilith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_of_life_(biblical)" title="Tree of life (biblical)">Tree of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allegorical_interpretations_of_Genesis" title="Allegorical interpretations of Genesis">Allegorical interpretations of Genesis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other cultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam%E2%80%93God_doctrine" title="Adam–God doctrine">Adam–God doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve_in_Mormonism" title="Adam and Eve in Mormonism">Adam and Eve in Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_in_Islam" title="Adam in Islam">Adam in Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Adam in rabbinic literature">Adam in rabbinic literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-A%27raf" title="Al-A'raf">Al-A'raf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Moses" title="Book of Moses">Book of Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endowment_(Mormonism)" title="Endowment (Mormonism)">Endowment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manu_(Hinduism)" title="Manu (Hinduism)">Manu (Hinduism)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashya_and_Mashyana" title="Mashya and Mashyana">Mashya and Mashyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpent_seed" title="Serpent seed">Serpent seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_of_Jiva_and_Atman" title="Tree of Jiva and Atman">Tree of Jiva and Atman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_of_life_(Quran)" title="Tree of life (Quran)">Tree of life (Quran)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Endor_Coven" title="Our Lady of Endor Coven">Our Lady of Endor Coven</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mama%27s_Affair_(1921_film)" title="Mama's Affair (1921 film)">Mama's Affair</a></i> (1921)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Good_Morning,_Eve!" title="Good Morning, Eve!">Good Morning, Eve!</a></i> (1934)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Broken_Jug_(film)" title="The Broken Jug (film)">The Broken Jug</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Original_Sin_(film)" title="The Original Sin (film)">The Original Sin</a></i> (1948)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Private_Lives_of_Adam_and_Eve" title="The Private Lives of Adam and Eve">The Private Lives of Adam and Eve</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/El_pecado_de_Ad%C3%A1n_y_Eva" title="El pecado de Adán y Eva">El pecado de Adán y Eva</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Biblia_en_pasta" title="La Biblia en pasta">La Biblia en pasta</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Annunciation_(film)" title="The Annunciation (film)">The Annunciation</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Second_Time_Lucky" title="Second Time Lucky">Second Time Lucky</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adipapam" title="Adipapam">Adipapam</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam_(1992_film)" title="Adam (1992 film)">Adam</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Babs_(2000_film)" title="Babs (2000 film)">Babs</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Eve" title="The Last Eve">The Last Eve</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Year_One_(film)" title="Year One (film)">Year One</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tragedy_of_Man_(film)" title="The Tragedy of Man (film)">The Tragedy of Man</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Dog" title="Adam and Dog">Adam and Dog</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tropico_(2013_film)" title="Tropico (2013 film)">Tropico</a></i> (2013)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Jeu_d%27Adam" title="Le Jeu d'Adam">Le Jeu d'Adam</a></i> (12th century)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Broken_Jug" title="The Broken Jug">The Broken Jug</a></i> (1808)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tragedy_of_Man" title="The Tragedy of Man">The Tragedy of Man</a></i> (1861)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Creation_of_the_World_and_Other_Business" title="The Creation of the World and Other Business">The Creation of the World and Other Business</a></i> (1972)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Apple_Tree" title="The Apple Tree">The Apple Tree</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dude_(musical)" title="Dude (musical)">Dude</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Up_from_Paradise" title="Up from Paradise">Up from Paradise</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Children_of_Eden" title="Children of Eden">Children of Eden</a></i> (1991)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compositions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Creation_(Haydn)" title="The Creation (Haydn)">The Creation</a></i> (1798) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Creation_structure" title="The Creation structure">structure</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_mort_d%27Adam" title="La mort d'Adam">La mort d'Adam</a></i> (1809)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%88ve_(Massenet)" title="Ève (Massenet)">Ève</a></i> (1875)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Genesis_Suite" title="Genesis Suite">Genesis Suite</a></i> (1945)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lilith_(opera)" title="Lilith (opera)">Lilith</a></i> (2001)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apocalypse_of_Adam" title="Apocalypse of Adam">Apocalypse of Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Moses" title="Book of Moses">Book of Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Abraham" title="Book of Abraham">Book of Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Adam" title="Books of Adam">Books of Adam</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Penitence_of_Adam" title="Book of the Penitence of Adam">Book of the Penitence of Adam</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Treasures" title="Cave of Treasures">Cave of Treasures</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/El_amigo_de_%C3%89l_y_Ella" title="El amigo de Él y Ella">El amigo de Él y Ella</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Genesis_A" title="Genesis A">Genesis A</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Genesis_B" title="Genesis B">Genesis B</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harrowing_of_Hell_(drama)" title="Harrowing of Hell (drama)">Harrowing of Hell</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Adam_and_Eve" title="Life of Adam and Eve">Life of Adam and Eve</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Adam" title="Testament of Adam">Testament of Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testimony_of_Truth" title="Testimony of Truth">Testimony of Truth</a> (3rd century)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Conflict_of_Adam_and_Eve_with_Satan" title="Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan">Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan</a></i> (6th century)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Old_Saxon_Genesis" title="Old Saxon Genesis">Old Saxon Genesis</a>" (9th century)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Adam_lay_ybounden" title="Adam lay ybounden">Adam lay ybounden</a>" (15th century)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paradise_Lost" title="Paradise Lost">Paradise Lost</a></i> (1667)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Dernier_Homme" title="Le Dernier Homme">Le Dernier Homme</a></i> (1805)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Extracts_from_Adam%27s_Diary" title="Extracts from Adam's Diary">Extracts from Adam's Diary</a></i> (1904)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eve%27s_Diary" title="Eve's Diary">Eve's Diary</a></i> (1905)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Genesis_(comic)" title="The Book of Genesis (comic)">The Book of Genesis</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rise_and_Fall_of_Adam_and_Eve" title="The Rise and Fall of Adam and Eve">The Rise and Fall of Adam and Eve</a></i> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bernward_Doors" title="Bernward Doors">Bernward Doors</a> (1015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapestry_of_Creation" title="Tapestry of Creation">Tapestry of Creation</a> (11th century)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_from_the_Garden_of_Eden" title="Expulsion from the Garden of Eden">Expulsion from the Garden of Eden</a></i> (1425)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vienna_Diptych" title="Vienna Diptych">Vienna Diptych</a></i> (15th century)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Judgment_(Bosch,_Vienna)" title="The Last Judgment (Bosch, Vienna)">The Last Judgment</a></i> (1482)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Garden_of_Earthly_Delights" title="The Garden of Earthly Delights">The Garden of Earthly Delights</a></i> (1504)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve_(D%C3%BCrer)" title="Adam and Eve (Dürer)">Adam and Eve</a></i> (1507)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Creation_of_Adam" title="The Creation of Adam">The Creation of Adam</a></i> (1512)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Haywain_Triptych" title="The Haywain Triptych">The Haywain Triptych</a></i> (1516)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eve,_the_Serpent_and_Death" title="Eve, the Serpent and Death">Eve, the Serpent and Death</a></i> (1510s or 1520s)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve_(Cranach)" title="Adam and Eve (Cranach)">Adam and Eve</a></i> (1528)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve/Gideon_and_the_Fleece" title="Adam and Eve/Gideon and the Fleece">Adam and Eve</a></i> (1550)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_Man_(Titian)" title="The Fall of Man (Titian)">The Fall of Man</a></i> (1550)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve_(Tintoretto)" title="Adam and Eve (Tintoretto)">Adam and Eve</a></i> (c. 1550)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Garden_of_Eden_with_the_Fall_of_Man" title="The Garden of Eden with the Fall of Man">The Garden of Eden with the Fall of Man</a></i> (1617)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_Man_(Rubens)" title="The Fall of Man (Rubens)">The Fall of Man</a></i> (1628)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve_in_the_Garden_of_Eden" title="Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden">Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden</a></i> (c. 1650)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Four_Seasons_(Poussin)" title="The Four Seasons (Poussin)">The Four Seasons</a></i> (1660s)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Koren_Picture-Bible_(1692%E2%80%931696)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Koren Picture-Bible (1692–1696)">The Koren Picture-Bible</a></i> (1692–1696)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/William_Blake%27s_illustrations_of_Paradise_Lost" title="William Blake's illustrations of Paradise Lost">Paradise Lost</a></i> (19th century)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_from_the_Garden_of_Eden_(Cole)" title="Expulsion from the Garden of Eden (Cole)">Expulsion from the Garden of Eden</a></i> (1828)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_First_Mourning" title="The First Mourning">The First Mourning</a></i> (1888)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve_(Rodin)" title="Adam and Eve (Rodin)">Adam and Eve</a></i> (1905)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve_(Valadon)" title="Adam and Eve (Valadon)">Adam and Eve</a></i> (1909)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eve_(Davidson)" title="Eve (Davidson)"> Eve</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve_(Tamara_de_Lempicka)" title="Adam and Eve (Tamara de Lempicka)">Adam and Eve</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Serpent_Chooses_Adam_and_Eve" title="The Serpent Chooses Adam and Eve">The Serpent Chooses Adam and Eve</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Genesis_(Lebrun)" title="Genesis (Lebrun)">Genesis</a></i> (1960)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Songs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Dese_Bones_G%27wine_Rise_Again" title="Dese Bones G'wine Rise Again">Dese Bones G'wine Rise Again</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Adam-ondi-Ahman_(hymn)" title="Adam-ondi-Ahman (hymn)">Adam-ondi-Ahman</a>" (1835)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Forbidden_Fruit_(No%C3%ABl_Coward_song)" title="Forbidden Fruit (Noël Coward song)">Forbidden Fruit</a>" (1915)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Garden_of_Eden_(song)" title="The Garden of Eden (song)">The Garden of Eden</a>" (1956)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida" title="In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida">In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida</a>" (1968)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Give_Adam_and_Eve_Another_Chance" title="Let's Give Adam and Eve Another Chance">Let's Give Adam and Eve Another Chance</a>" (1970)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Man_Gave_Names_to_All_the_Animals" title="Man Gave Names to All the Animals">Man Gave Names to All the Animals</a>" (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cainian_Chronicle" title="The Cainian Chronicle">The Cainian Chronicle</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Visions_of_Eden" title="Visions of Eden">Visions of Eden</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Snakes_for_the_Divine" title="Snakes for the Divine">Snakes for the Divine</a></i> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam-ondi-Ahman" title="Adam-ondi-Ahman">Adam-ondi-Ahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Eve" title="Tomb of Eve">Tomb of Eve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Biology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitochondrial_Eve" title="Mitochondrial Eve">Mitochondrial Eve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y-chromosomal_Adam" title="Y-chromosomal Adam">Y-chromosomal Adam</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Real_Eve" title="The Real Eve">The Real Eve</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Story within a story</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Doraemon:_Nobita%27s_Diary_on_the_Creation_of_the_World" title="Doraemon: Nobita's Diary on the Creation of the World">Doraemon: Nobita's Diary on the Creation of the World</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Island_of_Love_(1963_film)" title="Island of Love (1963 film)">Island of Love</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Visitors_(opera)" title="The Visitors (opera)">The Visitors</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Ki_Kahaniyan" title="Bible Ki Kahaniyan">"Adam & Eve"</a> (1992)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Probe_7,_Over_and_Out" title="Probe 7, Over and Out">Probe 7, Over and Out</a>" (1963)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Simpsons_Bible_Stories" title="Simpsons Bible Stories">Simpsons Bible Stories</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/In-A-Gadda-Da-Leela" title="In-A-Gadda-Da-Leela">In-A-Gadda-Da-Leela</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Daesong_Heavy_Industries_II:_Return_to_Innocence" class="mw-redirect" title="Daesong Heavy Industries II: Return to Innocence">Daesong Heavy Industries II: Return to Innocence</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Holly_Bibble" class="mw-redirect" title="Holly Bibble">Holly Bibble</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Demon:_The_Fallen" title="Demon: The Fallen">Demon: The Fallen</a></i> (2002)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Adamite" title="Pre-Adamite">Pre-Adamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generations_of_Adam" title="Generations of Adam">Generations of Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_the_Patriarchs" title="Cave of the Patriarchs">Cave of the Patriarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve_cylinder_seal" title="Adam and Eve cylinder seal">Adam and Eve cylinder seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genealogies_of_Genesis" title="Genealogies of Genesis">Genealogies of Genesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnal_knowledge" title="Carnal knowledge">Carnal knowledge</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Legend_of_the_Rood" title="Legend of the Rood">Legend of the Rood</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ystorya_Adaf" title="Ystorya Adaf">Ystorya Adaf</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ransom_theory_of_atonement" title="Ransom theory of atonement">Ransom theory of atonement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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