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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Variation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Variation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nerve_supply" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nerve_supply"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Nerve supply</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nerve_supply-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Blood_supply" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blood_supply"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Blood supply</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blood_supply-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Function" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Function"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Function</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clinical_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clinical_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Clinical significance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Clinical significance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Clinical_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tendon_rupture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tendon_rupture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Tendon rupture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tendon_rupture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Training" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Training"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Training</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Training-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology_and_grammar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology_and_grammar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Etymology and grammar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology_and_grammar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Other species</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_species-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other species subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Neanderthals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neanderthals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Neanderthals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neanderthals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Horses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Horses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Horses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Horses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Biceps</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B6%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B6%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="عضلة ذات الرأسين العضدية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عضلة ذات الرأسين العضدية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazunun_ikiba%C5%9Fl%C4%B1_%C9%99z%C9%99l%C9%99si" title="Bazunun ikibaşlı əzələsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bazunun ikibaşlı əzələsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kino-kino" title="Kino-kino – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kino-kino" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Двуглав мишничен мускул – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Двуглав мишничен мускул" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAscul_b%C3%ADceps_braquial" title="Múscul bíceps braquial – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Múscul bíceps braquial" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvojhlav%C3%BD_sval_pa%C5%BEn%C3%AD" title="Dvojhlavý sval pažní – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dvojhlavý sval pažní" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyhyryn_deuben" title="Cyhyryn deuben – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cyhyryn deuben" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biceps_brachii" title="Biceps brachii – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Biceps brachii" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musculus_biceps_brachii" title="Musculus biceps brachii – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Musculus biceps brachii" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakspealihas" title="Kakspealihas – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kakspealihas" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%B2%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%87%CE%B9%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%BC%CF%85%CF%82" title="Δικέφαλος βραχιόνιος μυς – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δικέφαλος βραχιόνιος μυς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BAsculo_b%C3%ADceps_braquial" title="Músculo bíceps braquial – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Músculo bíceps braquial" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Besoko_bizeps" title="Besoko bizeps – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Besoko bizeps" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C%DA%86%D9%87_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%88" title="ماهیچه دوسر بازو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ماهیچه دوسر بازو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_biceps_brachial" title="Muscle biceps brachial – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Muscle biceps brachial" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ADceps_braquial" title="Bíceps braquial – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bíceps braquial" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%8C%94%EB%91%90%EA%B0%88%EB%9E%98%EA%B7%BC" title="위팔두갈래근 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="위팔두갈래근" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%AF%D5%AB_%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%A3%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AD_%D5%B4%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Բազկի երկգլուխ մկան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բազկի երկգլուխ մկան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvoglavi_nadlakti%C4%8Dni_mi%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Dvoglavi nadlaktični mišić – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dvoglavi nadlaktični mišić" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otot_biceps_brachii" title="Otot biceps brachii – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Otot biceps brachii" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscolo_bicipite_brachiale" title="Muscolo bicipite brachiale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Muscolo bicipite brachiale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%94%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A2_%D7%94%D7%93%D7%95-%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%99" title="שריר הזרוע הדו-ראשי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שריר הזרוע הדו-ראשי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%97" title="ಇತ್ತಲೆಗ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಇತ್ತಲೆಗ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagis-dagisan" title="Dagis-dagisan – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Dagis-dagisan" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="მხრის ბიცეფსი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მხრის ბიცეფსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shavu_la_mkono" title="Shavu la mkono – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Shavu la mkono" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musculus_biceps_bracchii" title="Musculus biceps bracchii – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Musculus biceps bracchii" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aug%C5%A1delma_divgalvainais_muskulis" title="Augšdelma divgalvainais muskulis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Augšdelma divgalvainais muskulis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvigalvis_%C5%BEasto_raumuo" title="Dvigalvis žasto raumuo – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dvigalvis žasto raumuo" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9tfej%C5%B1_karizom" title="Kétfejű karizom – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kétfejű karizom" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AF%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ხუჯიშ ბიცეფსი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ხუჯიშ ბიცეფსი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musculus_biceps_brachii" title="Musculus biceps brachii – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Musculus biceps brachii" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E8%85%95%E4%BA%8C%E9%A0%AD%E7%AD%8B" title="上腕二頭筋 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="上腕二頭筋" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biceps" title="Biceps – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Biceps" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musculus_biceps_brachii" title="Musculus biceps brachii – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Musculus biceps brachii" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C4%99sie%C5%84_dwug%C5%82owy_ramienia" title="Mięsień dwugłowy ramienia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mięsień dwugłowy ramienia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ADceps_braquial" title="Bíceps braquial – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bíceps braquial" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%C8%99chiul_biceps_brahial" title="Mușchiul biceps brahial – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mușchiul biceps brahial" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Двуглавая мышца плеча – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Двуглавая мышца плеча" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biceps" title="Biceps – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Biceps" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvojhlav%C3%BD_sval_ramena" title="Dvojhlavý sval ramena – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dvojhlavý sval ramena" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvoglava_nadlaktna_mi%C5%A1ica" title="Dvoglava nadlaktna mišica – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dvoglava nadlaktna mišica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvoglavi_nadlakti%C4%8Dni_mi%C5%A1i%C4%87" title="Dvoglavi nadlaktični mišić – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dvoglavi nadlaktični mišić" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hauis" title="Hauis – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hauis" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biceps_brachii" title="Biceps brachii – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Biceps brachii" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daga-dagaan_(sa_bisig)" title="Daga-dagaan (sa bisig) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Daga-dagaan (sa bisig)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88_(%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88)" title="இருதலை தசை (கை) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இருதலை தசை (கை)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD" title="กล้ามเนื้อไบเซ็ปส์ เบรคิไอ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กล้ามเนื้อไบเซ็ปส์ เบรคิไอ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biceps" title="Biceps – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Biceps" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%27%D1%8F%D0%B7_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0" title="Двоголовий м'яз плеча – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Двоголовий м'яз плеча" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C6%A1_nh%E1%BB%8B_%C4%91%E1%BA%A7u_c%C3%A1nh_tay" title="Cơ nhị đầu cánh tay – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cơ nhị đầu cánh tay" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E9%A0%AD%E8%82%8C" title="二頭肌 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="二頭肌" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%82%B1%E4%BA%8C%E9%A0%AD%E8%82%8C" title="肱二頭肌 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="肱二頭肌" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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brachii</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Muscle on the front of the upper arm</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about a muscle. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Biceps_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Biceps (disambiguation)">Biceps (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Biceps_femoris" class="mw-redirect" title="Biceps femoris">Biceps femoris</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Bicep" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bicep_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bicep (disambiguation)">Bicep (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:antiquewhite">Biceps brachii</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:1120_Muscles_that_Move_the_Forearm_Humerus_Flex_Sin.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/1120_Muscles_that_Move_the_Forearm_Humerus_Flex_Sin.png/250px-1120_Muscles_that_Move_the_Forearm_Humerus_Flex_Sin.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/1120_Muscles_that_Move_the_Forearm_Humerus_Flex_Sin.png/375px-1120_Muscles_that_Move_the_Forearm_Humerus_Flex_Sin.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/1120_Muscles_that_Move_the_Forearm_Humerus_Flex_Sin.png/500px-1120_Muscles_that_Move_the_Forearm_Humerus_Flex_Sin.png 2x" data-file-width="968" data-file-height="856" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The biceps is a two-headed muscle and is one of the chief flexors of the forearm. Here is the left side, seen from the front.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span></span>/</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_muscle#Insertion_and_origin" title="Anatomical terms of muscle">Origin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Short head:</b> <a href="/wiki/Coracoid_process" title="Coracoid process">coracoid process</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Scapula" title="Scapula">scapula</a>.<br /><b>Long head:</b> <a href="/wiki/Supraglenoid_tubercle" title="Supraglenoid tubercle">supraglenoid tubercle</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_muscle#Insertion_and_origin" title="Anatomical terms of muscle">Insertion</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Radial_tuberosity" title="Radial tuberosity">Radial tuberosity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bicipital_aponeurosis" title="Bicipital aponeurosis">bicipital aponeurosis</a> into deep fascia on medial part of forearm</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Artery" title="Artery">Artery</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brachial_artery" title="Brachial artery">Brachial artery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Nerve" title="Nerve">Nerve</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Musculocutaneous_nerve" title="Musculocutaneous nerve">Musculocutaneous nerve</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lateral_cord" title="Lateral cord">C5–C7</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Bogart2007_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bogart2007-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_motion" title="Anatomical terms of motion">Actions</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flexion" class="mw-redirect" title="Flexion">Flexes</a> <a href="/wiki/Elbow-joint" class="mw-redirect" title="Elbow-joint">elbow</a><sup id="cite_ref-Bogart2007_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bogart2007-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexion" class="mw-redirect" title="Flexion">flexes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abduction_(kinesiology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abduction (kinesiology)">abducts</a> <a href="/wiki/Shoulder" title="Shoulder">shoulder</a><sup id="cite_ref-Bogart2007_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bogart2007-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supinates" class="mw-redirect" title="Supinates">supinates</a> <a href="/wiki/Proximal_radioulnar_articulation" title="Proximal radioulnar articulation">radioulnar joint</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Forearm" title="Forearm">forearm</a><sup id="cite_ref-Bogart2007_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bogart2007-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Antagonist_(muscle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Antagonist (muscle)">Antagonist</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Triceps_brachii_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Triceps brachii muscle">Triceps brachii muscle</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>musculus biceps brachii</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/04.6.02.013%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A04.6.02.013</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=2464">2464</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_muscle" title="Anatomical terms of muscle">Anatomical terms of muscle</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201363" class="extiw" title="d:Q201363">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>biceps</b> or <b>biceps brachii</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">musculus biceps brachii</i>, "two-headed muscle of the arm") is a large <a href="/wiki/Muscle" title="Muscle">muscle</a> that lies on the front of the upper arm between the shoulder and the <a href="/wiki/Elbow" title="Elbow">elbow</a>. Both <a href="/wiki/Muscle_head" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscle head">heads of the muscle</a> arise on the <a href="/wiki/Scapula" title="Scapula">scapula</a> and join to form a single <a href="/wiki/Muscle_belly" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscle belly">muscle belly</a> which is attached to the upper forearm. While the biceps crosses both the <a href="/wiki/Shoulder" title="Shoulder">shoulder</a> and elbow joints, its main function is at the elbow where it flexes and <a href="/wiki/Supination" class="mw-redirect" title="Supination">supinates</a> the forearm. Both these movements are used when opening a bottle with a corkscrew: first biceps screws in the cork (supination), then it pulls the cork out (<a href="/wiki/Flexion" class="mw-redirect" title="Flexion">flexion</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Lippert_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lippert-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biceps&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Biceps_brachii_muscle06.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Biceps_brachii_muscle06.png/220px-Biceps_brachii_muscle06.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Biceps_brachii_muscle06.png/330px-Biceps_brachii_muscle06.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Biceps_brachii_muscle06.png/440px-Biceps_brachii_muscle06.png 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="4500" /></a><figcaption>Location of biceps. Two different colors represent two different bundles which compose biceps. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#009900; color:black;"> </span> Short head</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FF0000; color:black;"> </span> Long head</div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Braus_1921_194.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Braus_1921_194.png/220px-Braus_1921_194.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Braus_1921_194.png/330px-Braus_1921_194.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Braus_1921_194.png/440px-Braus_1921_194.png 2x" data-file-width="1416" data-file-height="902" /></a><figcaption>Attachment to the radial tuberosity and Bursa bicipitoradialis.</figcaption></figure> <p>The biceps is one of three muscles in the <a href="/wiki/Fascial_compartments_of_arm#Anterior_compartment" title="Fascial compartments of arm">anterior compartment of the upper arm</a>, along with the <a href="/wiki/Brachialis_muscle" title="Brachialis muscle">brachialis muscle</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Coracobrachialis_muscle" title="Coracobrachialis muscle">coracobrachialis muscle</a>, with which the biceps shares a nerve supply.<sup id="cite_ref-Bogart2007_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bogart2007-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The biceps muscle has two heads, the short head and the long head, distinguished according to their origin at the coracoid process and supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-Bogart2007_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bogart2007-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From its origin on the glenoid, the long head remains tendinous as it passes through the shoulder joint and through the <a href="/wiki/Intertubercular_groove" class="mw-redirect" title="Intertubercular groove">intertubercular groove</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Humerus" title="Humerus">humerus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lippert_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lippert-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Extending from its origin on the coracoid, the tendon of the short head runs adjacent to the tendon of the <a href="/wiki/Coracobrachialis" class="mw-redirect" title="Coracobrachialis">coracobrachialis</a>. Unlike the other muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm, the biceps muscle crosses two joints, the shoulder joint and the elbow joint. </p><p>Both heads of the biceps join in the middle upper arm to form a single muscle mass, usually near the insertion of the <a href="/wiki/Deltoid_muscle" title="Deltoid muscle">deltoid</a>, to form a common muscle belly;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although several anatomic studies have demonstrated that the muscle bellies remain distinct structures without confluent fibers.<sup id="cite_ref-Athwal_2007_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Athwal_2007-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Eames_2007_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eames_2007-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the muscle extends <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_location#Proximal_and_distal" title="Anatomical terms of location">distally</a>, the two heads rotate 90 degrees externally before inserting onto the radial tuberosity. The short head inserts distally on the tuberosity while the long head inserts proximally closer to the apex of the tuberosity.<sup id="cite_ref-Athwal_2007_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Athwal_2007-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Bicipital_aponeurosis" title="Bicipital aponeurosis">bicipital aponeurosis</a>, also called the lacertus fibrosus, is a thick fascial band that organizes close to the <a href="/wiki/Musculotendinous_junction" class="mw-redirect" title="Musculotendinous junction">musculotendinous junction</a> of the biceps and radiates over and inserts onto the ulnar part of the <a href="/wiki/Antebrachial_fascia" title="Antebrachial fascia">antebrachial fascia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Platzer-154_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Platzer-154-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The tendon that attaches to the radial tuberosity is partially or completely surrounded by a <a href="/wiki/Synovial_bursa" title="Synovial bursa">bursa</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bicipitoradial_bursa" title="Bicipitoradial bursa">bicipitoradial bursa</a>, which ensures frictionless motion between the biceps tendon and the proximal radius during <a href="/wiki/Pronation" class="mw-redirect" title="Pronation">pronation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Supination" class="mw-redirect" title="Supination">supination</a> of the forearm.<sup id="cite_ref-Kegels_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kegels-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two muscles lie underneath the biceps brachii. These are the <a href="/wiki/Coracobrachialis_muscle" title="Coracobrachialis muscle">coracobrachialis muscle</a>, which like the biceps attaches to the coracoid process of the scapula, and the <a href="/wiki/Brachialis_muscle" title="Brachialis muscle">brachialis muscle</a> which connects to the <a href="/wiki/Ulna" title="Ulna">ulna</a> and along the mid-shaft of the <a href="/wiki/Humerus" title="Humerus">humerus</a>. Besides those, the <a href="/wiki/Brachioradialis_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Brachioradialis muscle">brachioradialis muscle</a> is adjacent to the biceps and also inserts on the radius bone, though more distally. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flexi%C3%B3n_del_brazo.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Biceps and triceps."><img alt="Biceps and triceps." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flexi%C3%B3n_del_brazo.png/113px-Flexi%C3%B3n_del_brazo.png" decoding="async" width="113" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flexi%C3%B3n_del_brazo.png/169px-Flexi%C3%B3n_del_brazo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flexi%C3%B3n_del_brazo.png/226px-Flexi%C3%B3n_del_brazo.png 2x" data-file-width="1197" data-file-height="1273" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Biceps and <a href="/wiki/Triceps_brachii_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Triceps brachii muscle">triceps</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Animation_triceps_biceps.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Movement of biceps and triceps when arm is flexing"><img alt="Movement of biceps and triceps when arm is flexing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Animation_triceps_biceps.gif/88px-Animation_triceps_biceps.gif" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Animation_triceps_biceps.gif/132px-Animation_triceps_biceps.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Animation_triceps_biceps.gif/176px-Animation_triceps_biceps.gif 2x" data-file-width="484" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Movement of biceps and triceps when arm is flexing</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 125px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kelly_Lynn_bicep_flex_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The split line between the long and short heads"><img alt="The split line between the long and short heads" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Kelly_Lynn_bicep_flex_2.jpg/120px-Kelly_Lynn_bicep_flex_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Kelly_Lynn_bicep_flex_2.jpg/180px-Kelly_Lynn_bicep_flex_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Kelly_Lynn_bicep_flex_2.jpg/240px-Kelly_Lynn_bicep_flex_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="911" data-file-height="894" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The split line between the long and short heads</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Variation">Variation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biceps&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Variation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traditionally described as a two-headed muscle, biceps brachii is one of the most <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_variation" title="Anatomical variation">variable</a> muscles of the human body and has a third head arising from the <a href="/wiki/Humerus" title="Humerus">humerus</a> in 10% of cases (normal variation)—most commonly originating near the insertion of the coracobrachialis and joining the short head—but four, five, and even seven <a href="/wiki/Supernumerary_body_part" title="Supernumerary body part">supernumerary</a> heads have been reported in rare cases.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One study found a higher than expected number of female cadavers with a third head of biceps brachii, equal incidence between sides of the body, and uniform innervation by musculocutaneous nerve.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The distal biceps tendons are completely separated in 40% and <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bifurcation" class="extiw" title="wikt:bifurcation">bifurcated</a> in 25% of cases. <sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Eames_2007_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eames_2007-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nerve_supply">Nerve supply</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biceps&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Nerve supply"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Biceps_reflex" title="Biceps reflex">Biceps reflex</a></div> <p>The biceps shares its nerve supply with the other two muscles of the anterior compartment. The muscles are supplied by the <a href="/wiki/Musculocutaneous_nerve" title="Musculocutaneous nerve">musculocutaneous nerve</a>. Fibers of the fifth, sixth and seventh <a href="/wiki/Cervical_nerves" class="mw-redirect" title="Cervical nerves">cervical nerves</a> make up the components of the musculocutaneous nerve which supply the biceps.<sup id="cite_ref-Bogart2007_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bogart2007-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blood_supply">Blood supply</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biceps&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Blood supply"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The blood supply of the biceps is the <a href="/wiki/Brachial_artery" title="Brachial artery">brachial artery</a>. The distal tendon of the biceps can be useful for palpating the brachial pulse, as the artery runs medial to the tendon in the <a href="/wiki/Cubital_fossa" title="Cubital fossa">cubital fossa</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biceps&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:308px;max-width:308px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arm_flex_pronate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Arm_flex_pronate.jpg/150px-Arm_flex_pronate.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Arm_flex_pronate.jpg/225px-Arm_flex_pronate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Arm_flex_pronate.jpg/300px-Arm_flex_pronate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="667" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arm_flex_supinate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Arm_flex_supinate.jpg/150px-Arm_flex_supinate.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Arm_flex_supinate.jpg/225px-Arm_flex_supinate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Arm_flex_supinate.jpg/300px-Arm_flex_supinate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="667" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Flexed arm in the <b>pronated</b> position (left); with the biceps partially contracted and in a <b>supinated</b> position with the biceps more fully contracted, approaching minimum length (right.)</div></div></div></div> <p>The biceps works across three joints.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most important of these functions is to supinate the forearm and flex the elbow. Besides, the long head of biceps prevents the upward displacement of the head of the humerus.<sup id="cite_ref-BD_Chaurasia_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BD_Chaurasia-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In more detail, the actions are, by joint:<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Proximal_radioulnar_joint" class="mw-redirect" title="Proximal radioulnar joint">Proximal radioulnar joint</a></b> of the elbow – The biceps brachii functions as a powerful supinator of the forearm, i.e. it turns the palm upwards. This action, which is aided by the <a href="/wiki/Supinator" class="mw-redirect" title="Supinator">supinator</a> muscle, requires the <a href="/wiki/Humeroulnar_joint" title="Humeroulnar joint">humeroulnar joint</a> of the elbow to be at least partially flexed. If the humeroulnar joint is fully extended, supination is then primarily carried out by the supinator muscle. The biceps is a particularly powerful supinator of the forearm due to the distal attachment of the muscle at the radial tuberosity, on the opposite side of the bone from the supinator muscle. When flexed, the biceps effectively pulls the radius back into its neutral supinated position in concert with the supinator muscle.<sup id="cite_ref-Saladin_2015_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saladin_2015-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 346–347">: 346–347 </span></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Humeroulnar_joint" title="Humeroulnar joint">Humeroulnar joint</a></b> of the elbow – The biceps brachii also functions as an important flexor of the forearm, particularly when the forearm is supinated.<sup id="cite_ref-Bogart2007_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bogart2007-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Functionally, this action is performed when lifting an object, such as a bag of groceries or when performing a <a href="/wiki/Biceps_curl" class="mw-redirect" title="Biceps curl">biceps curl</a>. When the forearm is in <a href="/wiki/Pronation" class="mw-redirect" title="Pronation">pronation</a> (the palm faces the ground), the brachialis, <a href="/wiki/Brachioradialis" title="Brachioradialis">brachioradialis</a>, and supinator function to flex the forearm, with minimal contribution from the biceps brachii. Regardless of forearm position, (supinated, pronated, or neutral) the force exerted by the biceps brachii remains the same; however, the brachioradialis has a much greater change in exertion depending on position than the biceps during concentric contractions. That is, the biceps can only exert so much force, and as forearm position changes, other muscles must compensate.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Glenohumeral_joint" class="mw-redirect" title="Glenohumeral joint">Glenohumeral joint</a></b> (shoulder joint) – Several weaker functions occur at the glenohumeral joint. The biceps brachii weakly assists in forward flexion of the shoulder joint (bringing the arm forward and upwards). It may also contribute to <a href="/wiki/Abduction_(kinesiology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abduction (kinesiology)">abduction</a> (bringing the arm out to the side) when the arm is externally (or laterally) rotated. The short head of the biceps brachii also assists with horizontal <a href="/wiki/Adduction" class="mw-redirect" title="Adduction">adduction</a> (bringing the arm across the body) when the arm is internally (or medially) rotated. Finally, the short head of the biceps brachii, due to its attachment to the <a href="/wiki/Scapula" title="Scapula">scapula</a> (or shoulder blade), assists with stabilization of the shoulder joint when a heavy weight is carried in the arm. The tendon of the long head of the biceps also assists in holding the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity and prevents an impingement of the supraspinatus tendon.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Saladin_2015_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Saladin_2015-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 295">: 295 </span></sup></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Motor_unit" title="Motor unit">Motor units</a> in the lateral portion of the long head of the biceps are preferentially activated during elbow flexion, while motor units in the medial portion<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="of the long head or short head? (April 2021)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> are preferentially activated during forearm supination.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The biceps are usually attributed as representative of strength within a variety of worldwide cultures.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biceps&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PreacherBenchBicepsCurl.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/PreacherBenchBicepsCurl.JPG/220px-PreacherBenchBicepsCurl.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/PreacherBenchBicepsCurl.JPG/330px-PreacherBenchBicepsCurl.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/PreacherBenchBicepsCurl.JPG/440px-PreacherBenchBicepsCurl.JPG 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>The Preacher curl, also known as the Scott Curl, is a popular exercise for biceps</figcaption></figure> <p>The proximal tendons of the biceps brachii are commonly involved in pathological processes and are a frequent cause of anterior shoulder pain.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Disorders of the distal biceps brachii tendon include insertional tendonitis and partial or complete tears of the tendon. Partial tears are usually characterized by pain and enlargement and abnormal contour of the tendon.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Complete tears occur as <a href="/wiki/Avulsion_fracture" title="Avulsion fracture">avulsion</a> of the tendinous portion of the biceps away from its insertion on the tuberosity of the radius, and is often accompanied by a palpable, audible "pop" and immediate pain and soft tissue swelling.<sup id="cite_ref-Miller_2015_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller_2015-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A soft-tissue mass is sometimes encountered in the anterior aspect of the arm, the so-called Reverse <a href="/wiki/Popeye_deformity" class="mw-redirect" title="Popeye deformity">Popeye deformity</a>, which paradoxically leads to a decreased strength during flexion of the elbow and supination of the forearm.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tendon_rupture">Tendon rupture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biceps&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Tendon rupture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Biceps_tendon_rupture" title="Biceps tendon rupture">Biceps tendon rupture</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panoramic_ultrasonography_of_biceps_tendon_rupture_-_Annotated.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Panoramic_ultrasonography_of_biceps_tendon_rupture_-_Annotated.jpg/220px-Panoramic_ultrasonography_of_biceps_tendon_rupture_-_Annotated.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Panoramic_ultrasonography_of_biceps_tendon_rupture_-_Annotated.jpg/330px-Panoramic_ultrasonography_of_biceps_tendon_rupture_-_Annotated.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Panoramic_ultrasonography_of_biceps_tendon_rupture_-_Annotated.jpg/440px-Panoramic_ultrasonography_of_biceps_tendon_rupture_-_Annotated.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1228" data-file-height="392" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Panoramic_ultrasonography" class="mw-redirect" title="Panoramic ultrasonography">Panoramic ultrasonography</a> of a proximal biceps tendon rupture. Top image shows the contralateral normal side, and lower image shows a retracted muscle, with a <a href="/wiki/Hematoma" title="Hematoma">hematoma</a> filling out the proximal space.</figcaption></figure> <p>Tears of the biceps brachii may occur during athletic activities, however avulsion injuries of the distal biceps tendon are frequently occupational in nature and sustained during forceful, eccentric contraction of the biceps muscle while lifting.<sup id="cite_ref-Miller_2015_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller_2015-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Treatment of a biceps tear depends on the severity of the injury. In most cases, the muscle will heal over time with no corrective surgery. Applying cold pressure and using anti-inflammatory medications will ease pain and reduce swelling. More severe injuries require surgery and post-op physical therapy to regain strength and functionality in the muscle. Corrective surgeries of this nature are typically reserved for elite athletes who rely on a complete recovery.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Training">Training</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biceps&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Training"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The biceps can be strengthened using <a href="/wiki/Weight_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Weight training">weight</a> and <a href="/wiki/Strength_training" title="Strength training">resistance training</a>. Examples of well known biceps exercises are the <a href="/wiki/Chin-up" class="mw-redirect" title="Chin-up">chin-up</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biceps_curl" class="mw-redirect" title="Biceps curl">biceps curl</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_grammar">Etymology and grammar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biceps&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Etymology and grammar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The biceps brachii muscle is the one that gave all muscles their name: it comes from the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <i>musculus</i>, "little mouse", because the appearance of the flexed biceps resembles the back of a mouse. The same phenomenon occurred in <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>, in which μῦς, <i>mȳs</i>, means both "mouse" and "muscle".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The term <i>biceps brachii</i> is a Latin phrase meaning "two-headed [muscle] of the arm", in reference to the fact that the muscle consists of two bundles of muscle, each with its own origin, sharing a common insertion point near the elbow joint. The proper <a href="/wiki/Plural" title="Plural">plural</a> form of the <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> <a href="/wiki/Adjective" title="Adjective">adjective</a> <i>biceps</i> is <i>bicipites</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a form not in general English use. Instead, <i>biceps</i> is used in both <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_number" title="Grammatical number">singular</a> and plural (i.e., when referring to both arms). </p><p>The English form <i>bicep</i>, attested from 1939, is a <a href="/wiki/Back_formation" class="mw-redirect" title="Back formation">back formation</a> derived from misinterpreting the <i>s</i> of <i>biceps</i> as the <a href="/wiki/English_plural" class="mw-redirect" title="English plural">English plural</a> marker <i>-s</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Adriaan_van_den_Spiegel" title="Adriaan van den Spiegel">Adriaan van den Spiegel</a> called the biceps a <i>Pisciculus</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-:1_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> due to its fusiform shape, which is why in the Italian-language medical literature it is sometimes called <i>il pescetto</i>, "the small fish". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biceps&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Biceps" title="Special:EditPage/Biceps">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a> expressed the original idea of the biceps acting as a supinator in a series of annotated drawings made between 1505 and 1510; in which the principle of the biceps as a supinator, as well as its role as a flexor to the elbow were devised. However, this function remained undiscovered by the medical community as da Vinci was not regarded as a teacher of anatomy, nor were his results publicly released. It was not until 1713 that this movement was re-discovered by <a href="/wiki/William_Cheselden" title="William Cheselden">William Cheselden</a> and subsequently recorded for the medical community. It was rewritten several times by different authors wishing to present information to different audiences. The most notable recent expansion upon Cheselden's recordings was written by <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Duchenne" class="mw-redirect" title="Guillaume Duchenne">Guillaume Duchenne</a> in 1867, in a journal named <i>Physiology of Motion</i>. It remains one of the major references on supination action of the biceps brachii. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_species">Other species</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biceps&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Other species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neanderthals">Neanderthals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biceps&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Neanderthals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Neanderthal_anatomy" title="Neanderthal anatomy">Neanderthal anatomy</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal">Neanderthals</a>, the radial bicipital tuberosities were larger than in <a href="/wiki/Anatomically_modern_humans" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatomically modern humans">modern humans</a>, which suggests they were probably able to use their biceps for supination over a wider range of pronation-supination. It is possible that they relied more on their biceps for forceful supination without the assistance of the <a href="/wiki/Supinator_muscle" title="Supinator muscle">supinator muscle</a> like in modern humans, and thus that they used a different movement when throwing.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Horses">Horses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biceps&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Horses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Equine_anatomy" title="Equine anatomy">Equine anatomy</a></div> <p>In the horse, the biceps' function is to extend the shoulder and flex the elbow. It is composed of two short-fibred heads separated longitudinally by a thick internal tendon which stretches from the origin on the supraglenoid tubercle to the insertion on the medial radial tuberosity. This tendon can withstand very large forces when the biceps is stretched. From this internal tendon a strip of tendon, the <i>lacertus fibrosus</i>, connects the muscle with the <a href="/wiki/Extensor_carpi_radialis_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Extensor carpi radialis (disambiguation)">extensor carpi radialis</a> -- an important feature in the horse's <a href="/wiki/Stay_apparatus" title="Stay apparatus">stay apparatus</a> (through which the horse can rest and sleep whilst standing.) <sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biceps&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Bogart2007-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bogart2007_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bogart2007_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bogart2007_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bogart2007_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bogart2007_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bogart2007_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bogart2007_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bogart2007_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBogartOrt2007" class="citation book cs1">Bogart BI, Ort VH (2007). <i>Elsevier's integrated anatomy and embryology</i>. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier Saunders. pp. 262–267. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4160-3165-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4160-3165-9"><bdi>978-1-4160-3165-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elsevier%27s+integrated+anatomy+and+embryology&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+Pa.&rft.pages=262-267&rft.pub=Elsevier+Saunders&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4160-3165-9&rft.aulast=Bogart&rft.aufirst=Bruce+Ian&rft.au=Ort%2C+Victoria+H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiceps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lippert-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lippert_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lippert_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLippert2006" class="citation book cs1">Lippert LS (2006). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/clinicalkinesiol00lipp_357"><i>Clinical kinesiology and anatomy</i></a></span> (4th ed.). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/clinicalkinesiol00lipp_357/page/n140">126</a>–7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8036-1243-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8036-1243-3"><bdi>978-0-8036-1243-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clinical+kinesiology+and+anatomy&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=126-7&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=F.+A.+Davis+Company&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8036-1243-3&rft.aulast=Lippert&rft.aufirst=Lynn+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fclinicalkinesiol00lipp_357&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiceps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Clinical+Oriented+Anatomy&author=K.+L.+Moore&author=A.+F.+Dalley&publication_year=1999&">"Google Scholar"</a>. <i>scholar.google.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 21,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=scholar.google.com&rft.atitle=Google+Scholar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.com%2Fscholar_lookup%3Ftitle%3DClinical%2BOriented%2BAnatomy%26author%3DK.%2BL.%2BMoore%26author%3DA.%2BF.%2BDalley%26publication_year%3D1999%26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiceps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Athwal_2007-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Athwal_2007_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Athwal_2007_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAthwalSteinmannRispoli2007" class="citation journal cs1">Athwal GS, Steinmann SP, Rispoli DM (October 2007). "The distal biceps tendon: footprint and relevant clinical anatomy". <i>The Journal of Hand Surgery</i>. <b>32</b> (8): 1225–9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jhsa.2007.05.027">10.1016/j.jhsa.2007.05.027</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17923307">17923307</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Hand+Surgery&rft.atitle=The+distal+biceps+tendon%3A+footprint+and+relevant+clinical+anatomy&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=1225-9&rft.date=2007-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jhsa.2007.05.027&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17923307&rft.aulast=Athwal&rft.aufirst=GS&rft.au=Steinmann%2C+SP&rft.au=Rispoli%2C+DM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiceps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eames_2007-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Eames_2007_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eames_2007_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEamesBainFoggvan_Riet2007" class="citation journal cs1">Eames MH, Bain GI, Fogg QA, van Riet RP (May 2007). "Distal biceps tendon anatomy: a cadaveric study". <i>The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume</i>. <b>89</b> (5): 1044–9. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2106%2FJBJS.D.02992">10.2106/JBJS.D.02992</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17473142">17473142</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Bone+and+Joint+Surgery.+American+Volume&rft.atitle=Distal+biceps+tendon+anatomy%3A+a+cadaveric+study&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1044-9&rft.date=2007-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2106%2FJBJS.D.02992&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17473142&rft.aulast=Eames&rft.aufirst=MH&rft.au=Bain%2C+GI&rft.au=Fogg%2C+QA&rft.au=van+Riet%2C+RP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiceps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Platzer-154-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Platzer-154_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlatzer2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Platzer W (2004). <i>Color Atlas of Human Anatomy</i>. 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Ultrasound of the Shoulder. Master Medical Books, 2013. Free chapter on ultrasound evaluation of biceps tendon tears available at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shoulderus.com/ultrasound-of-the-shoulder/long-head-of-biceps-brachii-tendon-ultrasound-complete-tears/">ShoulderUS.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nsmi.org.uk/articles/muscular-injuries/bicep-tear.html">"Bicep tear - Muscular Injuries"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 22,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Language+Log&rft.atitle=The+dangers+of+satire&rft.date=2008-07-30&rft.aulast=Zwicky&rft.aufirst=Arnold&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flanguagelog.ldc.upenn.edu%2Fnll%2F%3Fp%3D369&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiceps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hyrtl" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Hyrtl">Joseph Hyrtl</a>: <i>Muskeln. Anatomische Bedingung eines dreiköpfigen Biceps</i>. In: <i>Handbuch der Topographischen Anatomie</i>. Band II. Braumüller, Wien 1865. S. 353–354.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChurchillRhodes2009" class="citation book cs1">Churchill SE, Rhodes JA (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Xnz0_HSaDLoC&pg=PA208">"The Evolution of the Human Capacity for 'Killing at a Distance': The Human Fossil Evidence for the Evolution of Projectile Weaponry"</a>. In Hublin JJ, Richards MP (eds.). <i>The evolution of hominin diets: integrating approaches to the study of Palaeolithic subsistence</i>. Springer Science + Business Media. p. 208. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-9698-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-9698-3"><bdi>978-1-4020-9698-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Evolution+of+the+Human+Capacity+for+%27Killing+at+a+Distance%27%3A+The+Human+Fossil+Evidence+for+the+Evolution+of+Projectile+Weaponry&rft.btitle=The+evolution+of+hominin+diets%3A+integrating+approaches+to+the+study+of+Palaeolithic+subsistence&rft.pages=208&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%2B+Business+Media&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4020-9698-3&rft.aulast=Churchill&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.au=Rhodes%2C+JA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXnz0_HSaDLoC%26pg%3DPA208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiceps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatsonWilson2007" class="citation journal cs1">Watson JC, Wilson AM (January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2100266">"Muscle architecture of biceps brachii, triceps brachii and supraspinatus in the horse"</a>. <i>Journal of Anatomy</i>. <b>210</b> (1): 32–40. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1469-7580.2006.00669.x">10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00669.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2100266">2100266</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17229281">17229281</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Anatomy&rft.atitle=Muscle+architecture+of+biceps+brachii%2C+triceps+brachii+and+supraspinatus+in+the+horse&rft.volume=210&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=32-40&rft.date=2007-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2100266%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17229281&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1469-7580.2006.00669.x&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=JC&rft.au=Wilson%2C+AM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2100266&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABiceps" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biceps&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output 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href="http://ect.downstate.edu/courseware/haonline/labs/l06/050102.htm">Anatomy photo:06:05-0102</a> at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Muscles_of_the_arm" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Muscles_of_the_upper_limb" title="Template:Muscles of the upper limb"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Muscles_of_the_upper_limb" title="Template talk:Muscles of the upper limb"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Muscles_of_the_upper_limb" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Muscles of the upper limb"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Muscles_of_the_arm" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Muscle" title="Muscle">Muscles</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Arm" title="Arm">arm</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shoulder" title="Shoulder">Shoulder</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deltoid_muscle" title="Deltoid muscle">deltoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotator_cuff" title="Rotator cuff">rotator cuff</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supraspinatus_muscle" title="Supraspinatus muscle">supraspinatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infraspinatus_muscle" title="Infraspinatus muscle">infraspinatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teres_minor_muscle" title="Teres minor muscle">teres minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subscapularis_muscle" title="Subscapularis muscle">subscapularis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teres_major_muscle" title="Teres major muscle">teres major</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascia" title="Fascia">fascia</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deltoid_fascia" class="mw-redirect" title="Deltoid fascia">deltoid fascia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supraspinous_fascia" title="Supraspinous fascia">supraspinous fascia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infraspinous_fascia" title="Infraspinous fascia">infraspinous fascia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arm" title="Arm">Arm</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Fascial_compartments_of_arm" title="Fascial compartments of arm">compartments</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anterior_compartment_of_the_arm" class="mw-redirect" title="Anterior compartment of the arm">anterior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coracobrachialis_muscle" title="Coracobrachialis muscle">coracobrachialis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">biceps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brachialis_muscle" title="Brachialis muscle">brachialis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Posterior_compartment_of_the_arm" class="mw-redirect" title="Posterior compartment of the arm">posterior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triceps_brachii_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Triceps brachii muscle">triceps brachii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anconeus_muscle" title="Anconeus muscle">anconeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Articularis_cubiti_muscle" title="Articularis cubiti muscle">articularis cubiti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascia" title="Fascia">fascia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axillary_sheath" title="Axillary sheath">axillary sheath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axillary_fascia" title="Axillary fascia">axillary fascia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brachial_fascia" title="Brachial fascia">brachial fascia</a></li> <li><i>intermuscular septa</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_intermuscular_septum_of_arm" class="mw-redirect" title="Lateral intermuscular septum of arm">lateral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medial_intermuscular_septum_of_arm" class="mw-redirect" title="Medial intermuscular septum of arm">medial</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>spaces</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quadrangular_space" title="Quadrangular space">quadrangular space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangular_space" title="Triangular space">triangular space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangular_interval" title="Triangular interval">triangular interval</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Forearm" title="Forearm">Forearm</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Fascial_compartments_of_forearm" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascial compartments of forearm">compartments</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anterior_compartment_of_the_forearm" title="Anterior compartment of the forearm">anterior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>superficial:</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pronator_teres_muscle" title="Pronator teres muscle">pronator teres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmaris_longus_muscle" title="Palmaris longus muscle">palmaris longus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexor_carpi_radialis_muscle" title="Flexor carpi radialis muscle">flexor carpi radialis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexor_carpi_ulnaris_muscle" title="Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle">flexor carpi ulnaris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexor_digitorum_superficialis_muscle" title="Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle">flexor digitorum superficialis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>deep:</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pronator_quadratus_muscle" title="Pronator quadratus muscle">pronator quadratus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexor_digitorum_profundus_muscle" title="Flexor digitorum profundus muscle">flexor digitorum profundus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexor_pollicis_longus_muscle" title="Flexor pollicis longus muscle">flexor pollicis longus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Posterior_compartment_of_the_forearm" title="Posterior compartment of the forearm">posterior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i> superficial:</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_wad" title="Mobile wad">mobile wad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brachioradialis" title="Brachioradialis">brachioradialis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensor_carpi_radialis_longus_muscle" title="Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle">extensor carpi radialis longus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Extensor_carpi_radialis_brevis_muscle" title="Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle">brevis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensor_digitorum_muscle" title="Extensor digitorum muscle">extensor digitorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensor_digiti_minimi_muscle" title="Extensor digiti minimi muscle">extensor digiti minimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensor_carpi_ulnaris_muscle" title="Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle">extensor carpi ulnaris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>deep:</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supinator_muscle" title="Supinator muscle">supinator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_snuffbox" title="Anatomical snuffbox">anatomical snuffbox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abductor_pollicis_longus_muscle" title="Abductor pollicis longus muscle">abductor pollicis longus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensor_pollicis_brevis_muscle" title="Extensor pollicis brevis muscle">extensor pollicis brevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensor_pollicis_longus_muscle" title="Extensor pollicis longus muscle">extensor pollicis longus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensor_indicis_muscle" title="Extensor indicis muscle">extensor indicis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascia" title="Fascia">fascia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicipital_aponeurosis" title="Bicipital aponeurosis">bicipital aponeurosis</a></li> <li><i>common tendons</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_extensor_tendon" title="Common extensor tendon">extensor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_flexor_tendon" title="Common flexor tendon">flexor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antebrachial_fascia" title="Antebrachial fascia">antebrachial fascia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cubital_tunnel" title="Cubital tunnel">cubital tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osborne%27s_ligament" title="Osborne's ligament">osborne's ligament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hand" title="Hand">Hand</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">lateral volar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thenar_eminence" title="Thenar eminence">thenar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opponens_pollicis_muscle" title="Opponens pollicis muscle">opponens pollicis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexor_pollicis_brevis_muscle" title="Flexor pollicis brevis muscle">flexor pollicis brevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abductor_pollicis_brevis_muscle" title="Abductor pollicis brevis muscle">abductor pollicis brevis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adductor_pollicis_muscle" title="Adductor pollicis muscle">adductor pollicis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">medial volar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypothenar_eminence" title="Hypothenar eminence">hypothenar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opponens_digiti_minimi_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Opponens digiti minimi muscle">opponens digiti minimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexor_digiti_minimi_brevis_muscle_(hand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle (hand)">flexor digiti minimi brevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abductor_digiti_minimi_muscle_of_hand" class="mw-redirect" title="Abductor digiti minimi muscle of hand">abductor digiti minimi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmaris_brevis_muscle" title="Palmaris brevis muscle">palmaris brevis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">intermediate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lumbricals_of_the_hand" title="Lumbricals of the hand">lumbrical</a></li> <li><i>interossei</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_interossei_of_the_hand" title="Dorsal interossei of the hand">dorsal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmar_interossei_muscles" title="Palmar interossei muscles">palmar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fascia" title="Fascia">fascia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>posterior:</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Extensor_retinaculum_of_the_hand" title="Extensor retinaculum of the hand">extensor retinaculum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensor_expansion" title="Extensor expansion">extensor expansion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nobold"><i>anterior:</i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flexor_retinaculum_of_the_hand" title="Flexor retinaculum of the hand">flexor retinaculum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmar_aponeurosis" title="Palmar aponeurosis">palmar aponeurosis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201363#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" 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