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</a> <ul id="toc-Origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Usage</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Usage-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Usage subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Phonetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Phonetics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phonetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Writing_and_printing_carons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Writing_and_printing_carons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Writing and printing carons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Writing_and_printing_carons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Balto-Slavic_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Balto-Slavic_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>In Balto-Slavic languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Balto-Slavic_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Uralic_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Uralic_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>In Uralic languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Uralic_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Finno-Ugric_transcription" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finno-Ugric_transcription"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>Finno-Ugric transcription</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finno-Ugric_transcription-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_other_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_other_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>In other languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_other_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_transcription_and_transliteration_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_transcription_and_transliteration_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Other transcription and transliteration systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_transcription_and_transliteration_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Letters_with_caron" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Letters_with_caron"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Letters with caron</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Letters_with_caron-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Software</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Software-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Software subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Unicode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unicode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Unicode</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unicode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car%C3%B3n" title="Carón – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Carón" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Гачак – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гачак" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karon" title="Karon – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Karon" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticircumflex" title="Anticircumflex – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Anticircumflex" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1%C4%8Dek_(diakritika)" title="Háček (diakritika) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Háček (diakritika)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatschek" title="Hatschek – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hatschek" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car%C3%B3n" title="Carón – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Carón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha%C4%89eko" title="Haĉeko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Haĉeko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%81%D8%AA%DA%A9_(%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86)" title="هفتک (لاتین) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هفتک (لاتین)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caron_(diacritique)" title="Caron (diacritique) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Caron (diacritique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1%C4%8Dek" title="Háček – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Háček" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caron" title="Caron – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Caron" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%98%EB%8C%80_%EA%B3%A1%EC%A0%88_%EB%B6%80%ED%98%B8" title="반대 곡절 부호 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="반대 곡절 부호" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipa_(linguistica)" title="Pipa (linguistica) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pipa (linguistica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauk%C5%A1%C4%8Diukas_(diakritinis_%C5%BEenklas)" title="Paukščiukas (diakritinis ženklas) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Paukščiukas (diakritinis ženklas)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacsek_(jel)" title="Hacsek (jel) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hacsek (jel)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacek" title="Hacek – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hacek" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha%C4%8Dek" title="Haček – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Haček" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E3%82%AF" title="ハーチェク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハーチェク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hake_(diakritisk_tegn)" title="Hake (diakritisk tegn) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hake (diakritisk tegn)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haczek" title="Haczek – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Haczek" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caron" title="Caron – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Caron" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caron_(diacritic)" title="Caron (diacritic) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Caron (diacritic)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Гачек – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гачек" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caron" title="Caron – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Caron" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A4k%C4%8De%C5%88" title="Mäkčeň – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mäkčeň" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kljukica" title="Kljukica – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kljukica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caron" title="Caron – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Caron" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattu_(tarke)" title="Hattu (tarke) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hattu (tarke)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hake_(diakritiskt_tecken)" title="Hake (diakritiskt tecken) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hake (diakritiskt tecken)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ters_%C5%9Fapka_imi" title="Ters şapka imi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ters şapka imi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Гачек – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гачек" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ga%C4%8Dek" title="Gaček – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Gaček" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8A%91%E6%89%AC%E7%AC%A6" title="抑扬符 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="抑扬符" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q26948#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Caron" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Caron" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Diacritical mark</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Caron_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Caron (disambiguation)">Caron (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Hacek" redirects here. For the group of bacteria, see <a href="/wiki/HACEK_organisms" title="HACEK organisms">HACEK organisms</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Caron" title="Special:EditPage/Caron">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Caron%22">"Caron"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Caron%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Caron%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Caron%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Caron%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Caron%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="max-width:18em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ebebeb; font-size:750%; line-height:1.2; font-weight:bold; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times, 'Nimbus Roman No9 L', 'Liberation Serif', serif, georgia;">◌̌</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="font-size:125%; background:#ebebeb; font-weight:bold; padding:0.1em; line-height:1.2em;">Caron</div></th></tr><tr style="float:left;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">U+030C</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em"><span style="font-family: serif;">◌̌</span></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">COMBINING CARON</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>caron</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Diacritic" title="Diacritic">diacritic</a> mark (<span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">◌̌</span></span>) placed over certain letters in the orthography of some languages, to indicate a change of the related letter's pronunciation. </p><p>The symbol is common in the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_languages" title="Baltic languages">Baltic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finnic_languages" title="Finnic languages">Finnic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sami_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Sami languages">Samic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Berber_languages" title="Berber languages">Berber</a> languages. </p><p>The use of the caron differs according to the orthographic rules of a language. In most Slavic and other European languages it indicates present or historical <a href="/wiki/Palatalization_(sound_change)" title="Palatalization (sound change)">palatalization</a> (<b>e</b> → <b>ě</b>; [<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">e</span>] → [<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʲe</span>]), <a href="/wiki/Iotation" title="Iotation">iotation</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant" title="Postalveolar consonant">postalveolar articulation</a> (<b>c</b> → <b>č</b>; <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ts]</span> → <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tʃ]</span>). In <a href="/wiki/Salishan_languages" title="Salishan languages">Salishan languages</a>, it often represents a <a href="/wiki/Uvular_consonant" title="Uvular consonant">uvular consonant</a> (<b>x →</b> <b>x̌</b>; [<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">x</span>] → <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[χ]</span>). When placed over vowel symbols, the caron can indicate a contour <a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">tone</a>, for instance the falling and then rising tone in the <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a> <a href="/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">romanization</a> of <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Mandarin</a> Chinese. It is also used to decorate symbols in mathematics, where it is often pronounced <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>/</a></span></span> ("check"). </p><p>The caron is shaped approximately like a small letter "v". For <a href="/wiki/Serif" title="Serif">serif</a> typefaces, the caron generally has one of two forms: either symmetrical, essentially identical to an inverted <a href="/wiki/Circumflex" title="Circumflex">circumflex</a>; or with the left stroke thicker than the right, like the usual serif form of the letter "v" (<span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">v</span></span>, but without serifs). The latter form is often preferred by Czech designers for use in <a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>, while for other uses the symmetrical form tends to predominate,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as it does also among <a href="/wiki/Sans-serif" title="Sans-serif">sans-serif</a> typefaces. </p><p>The caron is not to be confused with the <a href="/wiki/Breve" title="Breve">breve</a> (<span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nounderlines" style="border: 1px solid var(--border-color-muted,#ddd); color: var(--color-base); background-color: var( --background-color-neutral-subtle, #fdfdfd); padding: 1px 1px;">◌̆</span></span>, which is curved rather than angled): </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Breve vs. caron </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Breve </th> <td><big><big>Ă ă Ĕ ĕ Ğ ğ Ĭ ĭ Ŏ ŏ Ŭ ŭ Y̆ y̆</big></big> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Caron </th> <td><big><big>Ǎ ǎ Ě ě Ǧ ǧ Ǐ ǐ Ǒ ǒ Ǔ ǔ Y̌ y̌</big></big> </td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names">Names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caron&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Different disciplines generally refer to this diacritic mark by different names. Typography tends to use the term <i><b>caron</b></i>. Linguistics more often uses the <a href="/wiki/Czech_(language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech (language)">Czech (language)</a> word <b><span title="Czech-language text"><i lang="cs">háček</i></span></b>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Pullum's and Ladusaw's <i><a href="/wiki/Phonetic_Symbol_Guide" title="Phonetic Symbol Guide">Phonetic Symbol Guide</a></i> uses the term <i><b>wedge</b></i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The term <i>caron</i> is used in the official names of <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters (e.g., "<span style="font-size:90%;">LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CARON</span>"). The <a href="/wiki/Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">Unicode Consortium</a> explicitly states<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that the reason for this is unknown, but its earliest known use was in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">United States Government Printing Office</a> Style Manual of 1967, and it was later used in character sets such as DIN 31624 (1979), ISO 5426 (1980), ISO/IEC 6937 (1983) and ISO/IEC 8859-2 (1985).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its actual origin remains obscure, but some have suggested that it may derive from a fusion of <a href="/wiki/Caret" title="Caret">caret</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macron_(diacritic)" title="Macron (diacritic)">macron</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though this may be <a href="/wiki/False_etymology" title="False etymology">folk etymology</a>, it is plausible, particularly in the absence of other suggestions. A Unicode technical note states that the name "hacek" should have been used instead.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> gives 1953 as the earliest appearance in English for <span title="Czech-language text"><i lang="cs">háček</i></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>, <span title="Czech-language text"><i lang="cs">háček</i></span> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="cs-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Czech" title="Help:IPA/Czech">[ˈɦaːtʃɛk]</a></span>) means 'small <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hook" class="extiw" title="wikt:hook">hook</a>', the <a href="/wiki/Diminutive" title="Diminutive">diminutive</a> form of <span title="Czech-language text"><i lang="cs">hák</i></span> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="cs-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Czech" title="Help:IPA/Czech">[ˈɦaːk]</a></span>, 'hook')". The name appears in most English dictionaries, but they treat the long mark (<a href="/wiki/Acute_accent" title="Acute accent">acute accent</a>) differently. British dictionaries, such as the <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">OED</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_English" title="Oxford Dictionary of English">ODE</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Collins_English_Dictionary" title="Collins English Dictionary">CED</a></i>, write <span title="Czech-language text"><i lang="cs">háček</i></span> (with the mark) in the headwords, while American ones, such as the <i><a href="/wiki/Webster%27s_Dictionary#W3NID" title="Webster's Dictionary">Merriam-Webster</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/New_Oxford_American_Dictionary" title="New Oxford American Dictionary">NOAD</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language" title="The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language">AHD</a></i>, omit the acute and write <span title="Czech-language text"><i lang="cs">haček</i></span>, however, the <i>NOAD</i> gives <span title="Czech-language text"><i lang="cs">háček</i></span> as an alternative spelling.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a> it is called <span title="Slovak-language text"><i lang="sk">mäkčeň</i></span> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="sk-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Slovak" title="Help:IPA/Slovak">[ˈmɛɐktʂeɲ]</a></span>, i.e., 'softener' or '<a href="/wiki/Palatalization_(sound_change)" title="Palatalization (sound change)">palatalization</a> mark'), in <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a> <span title="Serbo-Croatian-language text"><i lang="sh">kvaka</i></span> or <span title="Serbo-Croatian-language text"><i lang="sh">kvačica</i></span> ('angled hook' or 'small angled hook'), in <a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovenian</a> <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">strešica</i></span> ('little <a href="/wiki/Roof" title="Roof">roof</a>') or <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">kljukica</i></span> ('little hook'), in <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a> <span title="Lithuanian-language text"><i lang="lt">paukščiukas</i></span> ('little bird') or <span title="Lithuanian-language text"><i lang="lt">varnelė</i></span> ('little <a href="/wiki/Jackdaw" title="Jackdaw">jackdaw</a>'), in <a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a> <span title="Estonian-language text"><i lang="et">katus</i></span> ('roof'), in <a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a> <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">hattu</i></span> ('hat'), and in <a href="/wiki/Lakota_language" title="Lakota language">Lakota</a> <span title="Lakota-language text"><i lang="lkt">ičášleče</i></span> ('wedge').<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caron&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The caron evolved from the <a href="/wiki/Dot_(diacritic)" title="Dot (diacritic)">dot above</a> diacritic, which <a href="/wiki/Jan_Hus" title="Jan Hus">Jan Hus</a> introduced into <a href="/wiki/Czech_orthography" title="Czech orthography">Czech orthography</a> (along with the <a href="/wiki/Acute_accent" title="Acute accent">acute accent</a>) in his <i><a href="/wiki/Orthographia_bohemica" title="Orthographia bohemica">De Orthographia Bohemica</a></i> (1412). The original form still exists in <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a> <i><a href="/wiki/%C5%BB" title="Ż">ż</a></i>. However, Hus's work was hardly known at that time, and <i>háček</i> became widespread only in the 16th century with the introduction of printing.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caron&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For the fricatives <i>š</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʃ]</span>, <i>ž</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʒ]</span>, and the affricate <i>č</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tʃ]</span> only, the caron is used in most northwestern Uralic languages that use the Latin alphabet, such as <a href="/wiki/Karelian_language" title="Karelian language">Karelian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Veps_language" title="Veps language">Veps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Sami" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Sami">Northern Sami</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Inari_S%C3%A1mi_language" title="Inari Sámi language">Inari Sami</a> (although not in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Sami" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Sami">Southern Sami</a>). <a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a> use <i>š</i> and <i>ž</i> (but not <i>č</i>), but only for transcribing foreign names and loanwords (albeit common loanwords such as <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">šekki</i></span> or <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">tšekk</i></span> 'check'); the sounds (and letters) are native and common in Karelian, Veps, and Sami.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>, <i>š</i>, <i>ž</i>, and <i>č</i> are routinely used as in Slovenian to transcribe <a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic</a> names in the <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic script</a> since in native Italian words, the sounds represented by these letters must be followed by a vowel, and Italian uses <i>ch</i> for <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/k/</span>, not <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/tʃ/</span>. Other <a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance languages</a>, by contrast, tend to use their own orthographies, or in a few cases such as Spanish, borrow English <i>sh</i> or <i>zh</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The caron is also used in the <a href="/wiki/Romani_alphabets" title="Romani alphabets">Romany alphabet</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Faggin-Nazzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Faggin-Nazzi">Faggin-Nazzi</a> writing system for <a href="/wiki/Friulian_language" title="Friulian language">Friulian</a> makes use of the caron over the letters <i>c</i>, <i>g</i>, and <i>s</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The caron is also often used as a diacritical mark on consonants for <a href="/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">romanization</a> of text from non-Latin writing systems, particularly in the <a href="/wiki/Scientific_transliteration" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific transliteration">scientific transliteration</a> of Slavic languages. Philologists and the standard Finnish orthography often prefer using it to express sounds for which English require a digraph (<i>sh, ch</i>, and <i>zh</i>) because most Slavic languages use only one character to spell the sounds (the key exceptions are Polish <i><a href="/wiki/Sz_(digraph)" title="Sz (digraph)">sz</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin_digraphs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Latin digraphs">cz</a></i>). Its use for that purpose can even be found in the United States because certain <a href="/wiki/Atlas" title="Atlas">atlases</a> use it in romanization of foreign <a href="/wiki/Toponymy" title="Toponymy">place names</a>. On the typographical side, Š/š and Ž/ž are likely the easiest among non-Western European diacritic characters to adopt for Westerners because the two are part of the <a href="/wiki/Windows-1252" title="Windows-1252">Windows-1252</a> character encoding.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Esperanto" title="Esperanto">Esperanto</a> uses the <a href="/wiki/Circumflex" title="Circumflex">circumflex</a> over <i>c</i>, <i>g</i>, <i>j</i>, and <i>s</i> in similar ways; the circumflex was chosen because there was no caron on most Western European <a href="/wiki/Typewriter" title="Typewriter">typewriters</a>, but the circumflex existed on <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> ones.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>It is also used as an accent mark on vowels to indicate the <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese_phonology#Tones" title="Standard Chinese phonology">tone</a> of a syllable. The main example is in <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a> for <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> in which it represents a falling-rising tone. It is used in transliterations of <a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a> to indicate a rising tone.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phonetics">Phonetics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caron&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Phonetics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The caron ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">ǎ</span>⟩ represents a rising tone in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Suprasegmentals" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a>. It is used in the <a href="/wiki/Uralic_Phonetic_Alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Uralic Phonetic Alphabet">Uralic Phonetic Alphabet</a> for indicating postalveolar consonants and in <a href="/wiki/Americanist_phonetic_notation" title="Americanist phonetic notation">Americanist phonetic notation</a> to indicate various types of pronunciation.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The caron below ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">p̬</span>⟩ represents <a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">voicing</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Writing_and_printing_carons">Writing and printing carons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caron&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Writing and printing carons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In printed Czech and Slovak text, the caron combined with certain letters (lower-case ť, ď, ľ, and upper-case Ľ) is reduced to a small stroke. That is optional in handwritten text. Latin fonts are typically set to display this way by default. Some fonts have an option to display a normal caron over these letters, but for those that don't, an option is to combine the letter and caron with the <a href="/wiki/Combining_grapheme_joiner" title="Combining grapheme joiner">combining grapheme joiner</a>, U+034F, resulting in t͏̌, d͏̌, l͏̌. However, using CGJ in this way can result in the caron mark being misaligned with respect to its letter, as is true for the font Gentium Plus, for instance.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Laz_language" title="Laz language">Lazuri</a> orthography, the lower-case <i>k</i> with caron sometimes has its caron reduced to a stroke while the lower-case <i>t</i> with caron preserves its caron shape.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the stroke looks similar to an <a href="/wiki/Apostrophe" title="Apostrophe">apostrophe</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Kerning" title="Kerning">kerning</a> is significantly different. Using an apostrophe in place of a caron can be perceived as very unprofessional, but it is still often found on imported goods meant for sale in the Czech Republic and Slovakia (compare t’ to ť, L’ahko to Ľahko). (Apostrophes appearing as palatalization marks in some <a href="/wiki/Finnic_languages" title="Finnic languages">Finnic languages</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5ro_language" title="Võro language">Võro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karelian_language" title="Karelian language">Karelian</a>, are not forms of caron either.) Foreigners also sometimes mistake the caron for the <a href="/wiki/Acute_accent" title="Acute accent">acute accent</a> (compare Ĺ to Ľ, ĺ to ľ).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Balto-Slavic_languages">In Balto-Slavic languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caron&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: In Balto-Slavic languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following are the <a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a> letters and <a href="/wiki/Digraph_(orthography)" title="Digraph (orthography)">digraphs</a> with the caron (Czech: <span title="Czech-language text"><i lang="cs">háček</i></span>, Slovak: <span title="Slovak-language text"><i lang="sk">mäkčeň</i></span>): </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8C" title="Č">Č/č</a> (pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="cs-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Czech" title="Help:IPA/Czech">[t͡ʃ]</a></span>, similar to 'ch' in <i>cheap</i>: <span title="Czech-language text"><i lang="cs">Česká republika</i></span>, which means <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0" title="Š">Š/š</a> (pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="cs-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Czech" title="Help:IPA/Czech">[ʃ]</a></span>, similar to 'sh' in <i>she</i>: in <span title="Czech-language text"><i lang="cs"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0koda_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Škoda (disambiguation)">Škoda</a></i></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/16\/Cs-Skoda.ogg\/Cs-Skoda.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"listen"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Cs-Skoda.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/Cs-Skoda.ogg/Cs-Skoda.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">listen</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Cs-Skoda.ogg" title="File:Cs-Skoda.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BD" title="Ž">Ž/ž</a> (pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="cs-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Czech" title="Help:IPA/Czech">[ʒ]</a></span>, similar to 's' in <i>treasure</i>: <span title="Czech-language text"><i lang="cs">žal</i></span> 'sorrow')</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%98" title="Ř">Ř/ř</a> (only in Czech: a special voiced or unvoiced fricative trill <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[r̝]</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[r̝̊]</span>, the former transcribed as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɼ]</span> in pre-1989 IPA: <a href="/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k" title="Antonín Dvořák">Antonín Dvořák</a> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/d1\/Cs-Antonin_Dvorak.ogg\/Cs-Antonin_Dvorak.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"listen"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Cs-Antonin Dvorak.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d1/Cs-Antonin_Dvorak.ogg/Cs-Antonin_Dvorak.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">listen</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Cs-Antonin_Dvorak.ogg" title="File:Cs-Antonin Dvorak.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8E" title="Ď">Ď/ď</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%A4" title="Ť">Ť/ť</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%87" title="Ň">Ň/ň</a> (palatals, pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="cs-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Czech" title="Help:IPA/Czech">[ɟ]</a></span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[c]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɲ]</span>, slightly different from palatalized consonants as found in Russian): <span title="Czech-language text"><i lang="cs">Ďábel a sťatý kůň</i></span>, 'The Devil and a beheaded horse')</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%BD" title="Ľ">Ľ/ľ</a> (only in Slovak, pronounced as palatal <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʎ]</span>: <span title="Slovak-language text"><i lang="sk">podnikateľ</i></span>, 'businessman')</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C5%BE" title="Dž">DŽ/Dž/dž</a> (considered a single letter in Slovak, Macedonian, and <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a>, two letters in Czech, pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="cs-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Czech" title="Help:IPA/Czech">[d͡ʒ]</a></span> <span title="Slovak-language text"><i lang="sk">džungľa</i></span> "jungle" - identical to the <i>j</i> sound in <i>jungle</i> and the <i>g</i> in <i>genius</i>, found mostly in borrowings.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%9A" title="Ě">Ě/ě</a> (only in Czech) indicates mostly palatalization of preceding consonant: <ul><li><span title="Czech-language text"><i lang="cs">dě</i></span>, <span title="Czech-language text"><i lang="cs">tě</i></span>, <span title="Czech-language text"><i lang="cs">ně</i></span> are <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="cs-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Czech" title="Help:IPA/Czech">[ɟɛ]</a></span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[cɛ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɲɛ]</span>;</li> <li>but <span title="Czech-language text"><i lang="cs">mě</i></span> is <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[mɲɛ]</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[mjɛ]</span>, and <span title="Czech-language text"><i lang="cs">bě</i></span>, <span title="Czech-language text"><i lang="cs">pě</i></span>, <span title="Czech-language text"><i lang="cs">vě</i></span>, <span title="Czech-language text"><i lang="cs">fě</i></span> are <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[bjɛ,<span class="wrap"> </span>pjɛ,<span class="wrap"> </span>vjɛ,<span class="wrap"> </span>fjɛ]</span>.</li></ul></li> <li>Furthermore, until the 19th century, <a href="/wiki/%C7%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ǧ">Ǧ/ǧ</a> was used to represent <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="cs-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Czech" title="Help:IPA/Czech">[g]</a></span> while <a href="/wiki/G" title="G">G/g</a> was used to represent <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="cs-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Czech" title="Help:IPA/Czech">[j]</a></span>.</li></ul> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Lower_Sorbian_language" title="Lower Sorbian language">Lower Sorbian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Upper_Sorbian_language" title="Upper Sorbian language">Upper Sorbian</a>, the following letters and digraphs have the caron: </p> <ul><li>Č/č (pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">t͡ʃ</a>]</span> like 'ch' in <i>cheap</i>)</li> <li>Š/š (pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a>]</span> like 'sh' in <i>she</i>)</li> <li>Ž/ž (pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a>]</span> like 's' in <i>treasure</i>)</li> <li>Ř/ř (only in Upper Sorbian: pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a>]</span> like 'sh' in <i>she</i>)</li> <li>Tř/tř (digraph, only in Upper Sorbian, soft (palatalized) <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolar affricate">t͡s</a>]</span> sound)</li> <li>Ě/ě (pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a>]</span> like 'e' in <i>bed</i>)</li></ul> <p>Balto-Slavic <a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbo-Croatian language">Serbo-Croatian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovenian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvian_language" title="Latvian language">Latvian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a> use č, š and ž. The digraph dž is also used in these languages but is considered a separate letter only in Serbo-Croatian. The <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a> <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Latin_alphabet" title="Belarusian Latin alphabet">Lacinka alphabet</a> also contains the digraph dž (as a separate letter), and Latin transcriptions of <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a> may use them at times, for transcription of the letter-combination ДЖ (Bulgarian) and the letter Џ (Macedonian). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Uralic_languages">In Uralic languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caron&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: In Uralic languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Finnic_languages" title="Finnic languages">Finnic languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a> (and transcriptions to <a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a>) uses Š/š and Ž/ž, and <a href="/wiki/Karelian_language" title="Karelian language">Karelian</a> uses Č/č, Š/š and Ž/ž. Dž is not a separate letter. Č is present because it may be phonemically <a href="/wiki/Gemination" title="Gemination">geminate</a>: in Karelian, the phoneme 'čč' is found, and is distinct from 'č', which is not the case in Finnish or Estonian, for which only one length is recognized for 'tš'. (Incidentally, in transcriptions, Finnish orthography has to employ complicated notations like <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">mettšä</i></span> or even the <span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">mettshä</i></span> to express Karelian <span title="Karelian-language text"><i lang="krl">meččä</i></span>.) On some Finnish keyboards, it is possible to write those letters by typing <i>s</i> or <i>z</i> while holding right <a href="/wiki/Alt_key" title="Alt key">Alt key</a> or <a href="/wiki/AltGr_key" title="AltGr key">AltGr key</a>, though that is not supported by the Microsoft Windows keyboard device driver KBDFI.DLL for the Finnish language. The Finnish multilingual keyboard layout allows typing the letters <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0" title="Š">Š/š</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C5%BD" title="Ž">Ž/ž</a> by pressing AltGr+'+S for <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0" title="Š">š</a> and AltGr+'+Z for <a href="/wiki/%C5%BD" title="Ž">ž</a>. </p><p>In Estonian, Finnish and Karelian these are <i>not</i> <a href="/wiki/Palatalization_(sound_change)" title="Palatalization (sound change)">palatalized</a> but postalveolar consonants. For example, Estonian <span title="Estonian-language text"><i lang="et">Nissi</i></span> (palatalized) is distinct from <span title="Estonian-language text"><i lang="et">nišši</i></span> (postalveolar). <a href="/wiki/Palatalization_(sound_change)" title="Palatalization (sound change)">Palatalization</a> is typically ignored in spelling, but some Karelian and Võro orthographies use an <a href="/wiki/Apostrophe" title="Apostrophe">apostrophe</a> (') or an acute accent (´). In Finnish and Estonian, <i>š</i> and <i>ž</i> (and in Estonian, very rarely <i>č</i>) appear in loanwords and foreign <a href="/wiki/Noun" title="Noun">proper names</a> only and when not available, they can be substituted with 'h': 'sh' for 'š', in print. </p><p>In the orthographies of the <a href="/wiki/Sami_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Sami languages">Sami languages</a>, the letters Č/č, Š/š and Ž/ž appear in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Sami" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Sami">Northern Sami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inari_S%C3%A1mi_language" title="Inari Sámi language">Inari Sami</a> and <a href="/wiki/Skolt_Sami_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Skolt Sami language">Skolt Sami</a>. Skolt Sami also uses three other consonants with the caron: Ǯ/ǯ (<a href="/wiki/Ezh" title="Ezh">ezh</a>-caron) to mark the voiced postalveolar affricate <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[dʒ]</span> (plain Ʒ/ʒ marks the alveolar affricate <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[dz]</span>), Ǧ/ǧ to mark the voiced palatal affricate <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɟʝ]</span> and Ǩ/ǩ the corresponding voiceless palatal affricate <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[cç]</span>. More often than not, they are geminated: <i>vuäǯǯad</i> "to get". The orthographies of the more southern Sami languages of Sweden and Norway such as <a href="/wiki/Lule_Sami" class="mw-redirect" title="Lule Sami">Lule Sami</a> do not use caron, and prefer instead the <a href="/wiki/Digraph_(orthography)" title="Digraph (orthography)">digraphs</a> <i>tj</i> and <i>sj</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Finno-Ugric_transcription">Finno-Ugric transcription</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caron&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Finno-Ugric transcription"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most other Uralic languages (including <a href="/wiki/Kildin_Sami" class="mw-redirect" title="Kildin Sami">Kildin Sami</a>) are normally written with <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic">Cyrillic</a> instead of the Latin script. In their scientific <a href="/wiki/Phonetic_transcription" title="Phonetic transcription">transcription</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Finno-Ugric_Transcription" class="mw-redirect" title="Finno-Ugric Transcription">Finno-Ugric Transcription</a> / <a href="/wiki/Uralic_Phonetic_Alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Uralic Phonetic Alphabet">Uralic Phonetic Alphabet</a> however employs the letters <i>š</i>, <i>ž</i> and occasionally <i>č</i>, <i>ǯ</i> (alternately <i>tš</i>, <i>dž</i>) for the postalveolar consonants. These serve as basic letters, and with further diacritics are used to transcribe also other fricative and affricate sounds. <a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant">Retroflex consonants</a> are marked by a caron and an <a href="/wiki/Underdot" class="mw-redirect" title="Underdot">underdot</a> (<i>ṣ̌</i>, <i>ẓ̌</i> = IPA <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʂ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʐ]</span>), <a href="/wiki/Alveolo-palatal" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolo-palatal">alveolo-palatal</a> (palatalized postalveolar) consonants by a caron and an <a href="/wiki/Acute_accent" title="Acute accent">acute</a> (<i>š́</i>, <i>ž́</i> = IPA <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɕ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʑ]</span>). Thus, for example, the postalveolar consonants of the <a href="/wiki/Udmurt_language" title="Udmurt language">Udmurt</a> language, normally written as Ж/ж, Ӝ/ӝ, Ӵ/ӵ, Ш/ш are in Uralic studies normally transcribed as <i>ž</i>, <i>ǯ</i>, <i>č</i>, <i>š</i> respectively, and the alveolo-palatal consonants normally written as Зь/зь, Ӟ/ӟ, Сь/сь, Ч/ч are normally transcribed as <i>ž́</i>, <i>ǯ́</i>, <i>š́</i>, <i>č́</i> respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_other_languages">In other languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caron&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: In other languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Berber_Latin_alphabet" title="Berber Latin alphabet">Berber Latin alphabet</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Berber_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Berber language">Berber language</a> (North Africa) the following letters and digraphs are used with the caron: </p> <ul><li>Č/č (pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">t͡ʃ</a>]</span> like the English "ch" in China)</li> <li>Ǧ/ǧ (pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">d͡ʒ</a>]</span> like the English "j" in the words "joke" and "James")</li> <li>Ř/ř (only in <a href="/wiki/Riffian_Berber" class="mw-redirect" title="Riffian Berber">Riffian Berber</a>: pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[r]</span>) (no English equivalent).</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Kalo_language" title="Finnish Kalo language">Finnish Kalo</a> uses Ȟ/ȟ. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lakota_language" title="Lakota language">Lakota</a> uses Č/č, Š/š, Ž/ž, Ǧ/ǧ (voiced post-velar fricative) and Ȟ/ȟ (plain post-velar fricative). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a> uses ě (e with caron) informally to mark the <a href="/wiki/Schwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Schwa">schwa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>: <i lang="id">pepet</i>). </p><p>Many alphabets of African languages use the caron to mark the rising tone, as in the <a href="/wiki/African_reference_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="African reference alphabet">African reference alphabet</a>. </p><p>Outside of the Latin alphabet, the caron is also used for <a href="/wiki/Cypriot_Greek" title="Cypriot Greek">Cypriot Greek</a> letters that have a different sound from <a href="/wiki/Standard_Modern_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Modern Greek">Standard Modern Greek</a>: σ̌ κ̌ π̌ τ̌ ζ̌ in words like <span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el-CY">τζ̌αι</span></span> ('and'), <span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el-CY">κάτ̌τ̌ος</span></span> ('cat'). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_transcription_and_transliteration_systems">Other transcription and transliteration systems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caron&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Other transcription and transliteration systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/DIN_31635" title="DIN 31635">DIN 31635</a> standard for transliteration of Arabic uses Ǧ/ǧ to represent the letter <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="ج">ج</a></span></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gimel" title="Gimel"><span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">ǧīm</i></span></a></i>, on account of the inconsistent pronunciation of <a href="/wiki/J" title="J">J</a> in European languages, the variable pronunciation of the letter in <a href="/wiki/Modern_Standard_Arabic" title="Modern Standard Arabic">educated Arabic</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">d͡ʒ</a>~<a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a>~<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_plosive" title="Voiced palatal plosive">ɟ</a>~<a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a>]</span>, and the desire of the DIN committee to have a one-to-one correspondence of Arabic to Latin letters in its system. </p><p>Romanization of <a href="/wiki/Pashto_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashto language">Pashto</a> uses Č/č, Š/š, Ž/ž, X̌/x̌, to represent the letters ‎چ‎, ‎ش‎, ‎ژ‎, ‎ښ‎, respectively. Additionally, Ṣ̌/ṣ̌ and Ẓ̌/ẓ̌ are used by the southern Pashto dialect only (replaced by X̌/x̌ and Ǵ/ǵ in the north). <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The latter Š/š is also used to transcribe the <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a>/</span> phoneme in <a href="/wiki/Sumerian_language" title="Sumerian language">Sumerian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_language" title="Akkadian language">Akkadian</a> cuneiform, and the <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a>/</span> phoneme in <a href="/wiki/Semitic_languages" title="Semitic languages">Semitic languages</a> represented by the letter <a href="/wiki/Shin_(letter)" title="Shin (letter)">shin</a> (Phoenician <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenician_sin.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Phoenician_sin.svg/16px-Phoenician_sin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Phoenician_sin.svg/24px-Phoenician_sin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Phoenician_sin.svg/32px-Phoenician_sin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="85" data-file-height="85" /></a></span> and its descendants). </p><p>The caron is also used in <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Mandarin Chinese</a> <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a> romanization and orthographies of several other <a href="/wiki/Tonal_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonal language">tonal languages</a> to indicate the "falling-rising" <a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">tone</a> (similar to the pitch made when asking "Huh?"). The caron can be placed over the vowels: ǎ, ě, ǐ, ǒ, ǔ, ǚ. The alternative to a caron is a number 3 after the syllable: <span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh-Latn">hǎo</i></span> = <span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh-Latn">hao3</i></span>, as the "falling-rising" tone is the third tone in <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a>. </p><p>The caron is used in the <a href="/wiki/D%27ni_language#New_Transliteration_System_(NTS)" class="mw-redirect" title="D'ni language">New Transliteration System</a> of <a href="/wiki/Myst_(series)" title="Myst (series)">D'ni</a> in the symbol š to represent the sound <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a>]</span> (English "sh"). </p><p>A-caron (ǎ) is also used to transliterate the <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a> letter <a href="/wiki/%D0%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Ъ">Ъ</a> (<span title="Bulgarian-language text"><i lang="bg-Latn">er golyam</i></span>) in <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a>—it represents the <a href="/wiki/Mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Mid back unrounded vowel">mid back unrounded vowel</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Mid back unrounded vowel">ɤ̞</a>]</span>. </p><p>Caron marks a falling and rising tone (bǔ, bǐ) in <a href="/wiki/Fon_language" title="Fon language">Fon</a> languages. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Letters_with_caron">Letters with caron</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caron&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Letters with caron"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unicode encodes a number of cases of "letter with caron" as <a href="/wiki/Precomposed_character" title="Precomposed character">precomposed characters</a> and these are displayed below. In addition, many more symbols may be composed using the <a href="/wiki/Combining_character" title="Combining character">combining character</a> facility (<span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+030C</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em"><span style="font-family: serif;">◌̌</span></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Combining_character" title="Combining character">COMBINING CARON</a></span> and <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+032C</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em"><span style="font-family: serif;">◌̬</span></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;"><a href="/wiki/Combining_character" title="Combining character">COMBINING CARON BELOW</a></span>) that may be used with any letter or other diacritic to create a customised symbol but this does not mean that the result has any real-world application and are not shown in the table. </p> <div class="nounderlines" style="font-size:160%; padding:.3em; background-color: var(--background-color-neutral, #fafafa); clear:both; color:var(--color-base, black);"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Caron <big><span style="font-family: serif">◌̌</span></big><span class="nowrap">   </span>Ǎ ǎ</li><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8C" title="Č">Č č</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%8E" title="Ď">Ď ď</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%9A" title="Ě">Ě ě</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%C7%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ǧ">Ǧ ǧ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%C8%9E" title="Ȟ">Ȟ ȟ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%C7%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Ǐ">Ǐ ǐ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/J-caron" class="mw-redirect" title="J-caron">ǰ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%C7%A8" title="Ǩ">Ǩ ǩ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%BD" title="Ľ">Ľ ľ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%87" title="Ň">Ň ň</a></li><li>Ǒ ǒ</li><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%98" title="Ř">Ř ř</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0" title="Š">Š š</a></li><li>Ṧ ṧ</li><li>Š́ š́</li><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A4" title="Ť">Ť ť</a></li><li>Ǔ ǔ</li><li>Ǚ ǚ</li><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BD" title="Ž">Ž ž</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ezh_with_caron" class="mw-redirect" title="Ezh with caron">Ǯ ǯ</a></li></ul></div> </div> <p>There are a number of Cyrillic letters with caron but they do not have precomposed characters and thus must be generated using the combining character method. These are: <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%CC%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="В̌">В̌ в̌</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ezh_with_caron" class="mw-redirect" title="Ezh with caron">Ǯ ǯ</a>; <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%CC%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="Г̌">Г̌ г̌</a>; <a href="/wiki/%D2%92%CC%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="Ғ̌">Ғ̌ ғ̌</a>; <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%CC%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="Д̌">Д̌ д̌</a>; <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%CC%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="З̌">З̌ з̌</a>; <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%CC%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="Р̌">Р̌ р̌</a>; <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%CC%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="Т̌">Т̌ т̌</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kha_(Cyrillic)" title="Kha (Cyrillic)">Х̌ х̌</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Software">Software</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caron&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Software"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unicode">Unicode</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caron&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Unicode"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For legacy reasons, most letters that carry carons are <a href="/wiki/Precomposed_character" title="Precomposed character">precomposed characters</a> in <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>, but a caron can also be added to any letter by using the <a href="/wiki/Combining_character" title="Combining character">combining character</a> <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+030C</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em"><span style="font-family: serif;">◌̌</span></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">COMBINING CARON</span>, for example: b̌ q̌ J̌. </p><p>The characters Č, č, Ě, ě, Š, š, Ž, ž are a part of the <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> <a href="/wiki/Latin_Extended-A" title="Latin Extended-A">Latin Extended-A</a> set because they occur in Czech and other official languages in Europe, while the rest are in <a href="/wiki/Latin_Extended-B" title="Latin Extended-B">Latin Extended-B</a>, which often causes an inconsistent appearance. </p><p>Unicode also encodes <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+032C</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em"><span style="font-family: serif;">◌̬</span></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">COMBINING CARON BELOW</span>, for example: p̬. </p><p>A combining double caron was proposed for inclusion in April, 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caron&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acute_accent" title="Acute accent">Acute accent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostrophe" title="Apostrophe">Apostrophe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breve" title="Breve">Breve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caret" title="Caret">Caret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumflex" title="Circumflex">Circumflex accent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilicus" title="Sicilicus">Sicilicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_sign" title="Soft sign">Soft sign</a> (ь)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caron&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ær/: 'arr' in 'marry'">ær</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">KARR</span>-ən</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also known as a <b>háček</b> or <b>haček</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'h' in 'hi'">h</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">HAH</span>-chek, <span style="font-size:90%">HATCH</span>-ek, <span style="font-size:90%">HAY</span>-chek</i></a>, plural <i>háčeks</i> or <i>háčky</i>), <b>hachek</b>, <b>wedge</b>, <b>check</b>, <b>kvačica</b>, <b>strešica</b>, <b>mäkčeň</b>, <b>varnelė</b>, <b>paukščiukas</b>, <b>inverted circumflex</b>, <b>inverted hat</b>, <b>flying bird</b>, or <b>inverted chevron</b></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caron&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWells1990" class="citation book cs1">Wells, John C. (1990). "caron". <i>Longman pronunciation dictionary</i>. Harlow, England: Longman. p. 121. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0582053838" title="Special:BookSources/0582053838"><bdi>0582053838</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=caron&rft.btitle=Longman+pronunciation+dictionary&rft.place=Harlow%2C+England&rft.pages=121&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0582053838&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gaultney, Victor. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://typefacedesign.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/MATD01_VG_ProbDiacLo.pdf">Problems of diacritic design for Latin text faces.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201003014409/http://typefacedesign.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/MATD01_VG_ProbDiacLo.pdf">Archived</a> 2020-10-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Master of Arts in Typeface Design, University of Reading, 2002, pp. 16–18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/faq/casemap_charprop.html#21">"FAQ - Character Properties, Case Mappings and Names"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FAQ+-+Character+Properties%2C+Case+Mappings+and+Names&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Ffaq%2Fcasemap_charprop.html%2321&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babelstone.co.uk/Blog/2009/08/antedating-caron.html">"BabelStone Blog : Antedating the Caron"</a>. <i>babelstone.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=babelstone.co.uk&rft.atitle=BabelStone+Blog+%3A+Antedating+the+Caron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabelstone.co.uk%2FBlog%2F2009%2F08%2Fantedating-caron.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/faq/casemap_charprop.html#21">"FAQ - Character Properties, Case Mappings and Names"</a>. <i>www.unicode.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.unicode.org&rft.atitle=FAQ+-+Character+Properties%2C+Case+Mappings+and+Names&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Ffaq%2Fcasemap_charprop.html%2321&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreytagMcGowanWhistler" class="citation web cs1">Freytag, Asmus; McGowan, Rick; Whistler, Ken. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unicode.org/notes/tn27/">"UTN #27: Known anomalies in Unicode Character Names"</a>. <i>www.unicode.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.unicode.org&rft.atitle=UTN+%2327%3A+Known+anomalies+in+Unicode+Character+Names&rft.aulast=Freytag&rft.aufirst=Asmus&rft.au=McGowan%2C+Rick&rft.au=Whistler%2C+Ken&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fnotes%2Ftn27%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaddeleyVoeste2012" class="citation book cs1">Baddeley, Susan; Voeste, Anja (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7U0PvCMl-5gC"><i>Orthographies in Early Modern Europe</i></a>. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 258–261. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110288179" title="Special:BookSources/9783110288179"><bdi>9783110288179</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Orthographies+in+Early+Modern+Europe&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=258-261&rft.pub=De+Gruyter+Mouton&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9783110288179&rft.aulast=Baddeley&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.au=Voeste%2C+Anja&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7U0PvCMl-5gC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.friul.net/dizionario_nazzi/norme_ortografiche.php">"Norme ortografiche della Grafia Faggin-Nazzi"</a> (in Italian). Friul.net<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Norme+ortografiche+della+Grafia+Faggin-Nazzi&rft.pub=Friul.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.friul.net%2Fdizionario_nazzi%2Fnorme_ortografiche.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lazuri.com/fonts/index.php">Lazuri Font / Lazca Font, Lazca yazı karakterleri</a>, Lazuri.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRédei1973" class="citation book cs1">Rédei, Karoly (1973). "A votják nyelvjárások fonematikus átírása". In Posti, Lauri (ed.). <i>FU-transcription yksinkertaistaminen</i>. Helsinki. pp. 88–91.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+votj%C3%A1k+nyelvj%C3%A1r%C3%A1sok+fonematikus+%C3%A1t%C3%ADr%C3%A1sa&rft.btitle=FU-transcription+yksinkertaistaminen&rft.place=Helsinki&rft.pages=88-91&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=R%C3%A9dei&rft.aufirst=Karoly&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaron" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2024/24105-double-caron.pdf">"Unicode request for double caron"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Unicode+request+for+double+caron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2FL2%2FL2024%2F24105-double-caron.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaron" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caron&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/caron" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:caron"><i>caron</i></a> at Wiktionary</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/h%C3%A1%C4%8Dek" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:háček"><i>háček</i></a> at Wiktionary</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnamese apex">apex</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̆ </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̑ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Breve" title="Breve">breve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inverted_breve" title="Inverted breve">inverted breve</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̌ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">caron, háček</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̧ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Cedilla" title="Cedilla">cedilla</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̂ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Circumflex" title="Circumflex">circumflex</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̈ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Diaeresis_(diacritic)" title="Diaeresis (diacritic)">diaeresis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Umlaut_(diacritic)" title="Umlaut (diacritic)">umlaut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Two_dots_(diacritic)" title="Two dots (diacritic)">other</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̇ </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̣ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Dot_(diacritic)" title="Dot (diacritic)">dot</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̀ </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̏ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Grave_accent" title="Grave accent">grave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Double_grave_accent" title="Double grave accent">double grave</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̉ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Hook_above" title="Hook above">hook above</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̡ </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̢ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Palatal_hook" title="Palatal hook">palatal hook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant#Transcription" title="Retroflex consonant">retroflex hook</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̛ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Horn_(diacritic)" title="Horn (diacritic)">horn</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌ͅ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Iota_subscript" title="Iota subscript">iota subscript</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̄ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Macron_(diacritic)" title="Macron (diacritic)">macron</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̨ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Ogonek" title="Ogonek">ogonek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nosin%C4%97" class="mw-redirect" title="Nosinė">nosinė</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̊ </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̥ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Ring_(diacritic)#Overring" title="Ring (diacritic)">overring</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ring_(diacritic)#Underring" title="Ring (diacritic)">underring</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌͂ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_diacritics" title="Greek diacritics">perispomene</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌͗ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Sicilicus" title="Sicilicus">sicilicus</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̃ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Tilde" title="Tilde">tilde</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌῾ </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌᾿ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Rough_breathing" title="Rough breathing">rough breathing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smooth_breathing" title="Smooth breathing">smooth breathing</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In <a href="/wiki/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet#Numerals,_diacritics_and_punctuation" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Early Cyrillic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:185%; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌҄ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Kamora_(diacritic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamora (diacritic)">kamora</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌҇ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Pokrytie" title="Pokrytie">pokrytie</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌҃ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Titlo" title="Titlo">titlo</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In <a href="/wiki/Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Indic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:185%; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span class="Unicode">ं</span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Bengali-language text"><span lang="bn">ং</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Odia-language text"><span lang="or">ଂ</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Malayalam-language text"><span lang="ml">ം</span></span> </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Anusvara" title="Anusvara">anusvara</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span class="Unicode">ऽ</span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Bengali-language text"><span lang="bn">ঽ</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Odia-language text"><span lang="or">ଽ</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Telugu-language text"><span lang="te">ఽ</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Malayalam-language text"><span lang="ml">ഽ</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Tigrinya-language text"><span lang="ti">྅</span></span> </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Avagraha" title="Avagraha">avagraha</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span class="Unicode">ँ</span>  </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Telugu-language text"><span lang="te">ఁ</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Tigrinya-language text"><span lang="ti">ྃ</span></span> </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Chandrabindu" title="Chandrabindu">chandrabindu</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span class="Unicode">़</span> </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Nuqta" title="Nuqta">nuqta</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span class="Unicode">्</span>  </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Malayalam-language text"><span lang="ml">്</span></span>  </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Telugu-language text"><span lang="te">్</span></span>  </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Kannada-language text"><span lang="kn">್</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Sinhala-language text"><span lang="si">්</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Burmese-language text"><span lang="my">်</span></span> </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Virama" title="Virama">virama</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span class="Unicode">ः</span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Bengali-language text"><span lang="bn">ঃ</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Odia-language text"><span lang="or">ଃ</span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span title="Tamil-language text"><span lang="ta">ஃ</span></span> </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Visarga" title="Visarga">visarga</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In other scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:185%; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_diacritics" title="Arabic diacritics">Arabic diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_diacritics" title="Greek diacritics">Greek diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurmukh%C4%AB_alphabet#Other_signs" class="mw-redirect" title="Gurmukhī alphabet">Gurmukhī diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_diacritics" title="Hebrew diacritics">Hebrew diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Diacritics" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">diacritics in IPA</a></li> <li>Japanese <a href="/wiki/Kana#Diacritics" title="Kana">kana diacritics</a> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span style="font-size:75%;"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja" style="font-style: normal;">◌゙</span></span></span> </span> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> <span style="font-size:75%;"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja" style="font-style: normal;">◌゚</span></span></span> </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Dakuten_and_handakuten" title="Dakuten and handakuten">dakuten, handakuten</a></span></span> </li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_alphabet#Diacritics" class="mw-redirect" title="Khmer alphabet">Khmer diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_alphabet#Latin_alphabet_and_romanization" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac diacritics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_alphabet#Other_symbols_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Thai alphabet">Thai diacritics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Marks used as diacritics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:185%; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌’ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Apostrophe" title="Apostrophe">apostrophe</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌̸ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Bar_(diacritic)" title="Bar (diacritic)">bar</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌: </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Colon_(punctuation)#Diacritical_usage" title="Colon (punctuation)">colon</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌, </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Comma#Diacritical_usage" title="Comma">comma</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌. </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Full_stop" title="Full stop">full stop/period</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌˗ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Hyphen" title="Hyphen">hyphen</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌′ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Prime_(symbol)" title="Prime (symbol)">prime</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-diacritic uses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:185%; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ^ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Caret_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Caret (computing)">caret (computing)</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ° </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Degree_symbol" title="Degree symbol">degree symbol</a></span></span> </li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ~ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Tilde#Mathematics" title="Tilde">tilde § Mathematics</a></span></span> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:185%; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"> <span style="background:#efefef; font-size:175%;"> ◌ </span> <span style="font-size:95%"><a href="/wiki/Dotted_circle" title="Dotted circle">dotted circle</a> (placeholder glyph character)</span></span> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combining_character#Unicode_ranges" title="Combining character">combining character § Unicode ranges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>See also: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_terms_with_diacritical_marks" title="English terms with diacritical marks">English terms with diacritical marks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metal_umlaut" title="Metal umlaut">Metal umlaut</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punctuation" title="Punctuation">Punctuation marks</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Diacritics" title="Category:Diacritics">Category: Diacritics</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Latin_script" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Latin_script/main" title="Template:Latin script/main"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Latin_script/main" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Latin script/main"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Latin_script/main" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Latin script/main"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Latin_script" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin script</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Latin_script" title="History of the Latin script">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spread_of_the_Latin_script" title="Spread of the Latin script">Spread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization" title="Romanization">Romanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman numerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligature_(writing)#Latin_alphabet" title="Ligature (writing)">Ligatures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin-script_alphabet" title="Latin-script alphabet">Alphabets</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_alphabets" title="List of Latin-script alphabets">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Latin_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Latin alphabet">Classical Latin alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_basic_Latin_alphabet" title="ISO basic Latin alphabet">ISO basic Latin alphabet</a></li> <li>Phonetic alphabets <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spelling_alphabet" title="Spelling alphabet">Spelling alphabet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Letters (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_letters" title="List of Latin-script letters">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table style="margin: 0 -0.25em; width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="26"><div style="width:100%; background:#e0e0e0;; text-align:center;">Letters of the <a href="/wiki/ISO_basic_Latin_alphabet" title="ISO basic Latin alphabet">ISO basic Latin alphabet</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">Aa</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">Bb</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">Cc</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">Dd</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">Ee</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">Ff</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">Gg</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">Hh</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">Ii</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">Jj</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">Kk</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">Ll</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">Mm </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">Nn</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">Oo</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">Pp</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Qq</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">Rr</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">Ss</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">Tt</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">Uu</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">Vv</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">Ww</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">Xx</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Yy</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class=""><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Zz </a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="26"><div style="width:100%; background:#e0e0e0;; text-align:center;">Letters using <a class="mw-selflink selflink">caron</a> sign (<span style="font-weight:100; font-size:125%;"> ◌̌ </span>)</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C7%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Ǎ">Ǎǎ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C4%8C" title="Č">Čč </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C3%87%CC%8C" title="Ç̌">Ç̌ç̌ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C4%8E" title="Ď">Ďď </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C4%9A" title="Ě">Ěě </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C7%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="Ǧ">Ǧǧ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C8%9E" title="Ȟ">Ȟȟ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C7%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Ǐ">Ǐ ǐ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/J%CC%8C" title="J̌">J̌ǰ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C7%A8" title="Ǩ">Ǩǩ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C4%BD" title="Ľ">Ľľ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C5%87" title="Ň">Ňň </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C7%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Ǒ">Ǒǒ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C5%98" title="Ř">Řř </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0" title="Š">Šš </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A4" title="Ť">Ťť </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C7%93" class="mw-redirect" title="Ǔ">Ǔǔ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/X%CC%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="X̌">X̌x̌ </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BD" title="Ž">Žž </a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"><a href="/wiki/%C7%AE" title="Ǯ">Ǯǯ</a></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td> <td style="text-align:center;width:3.85%;"><span class="nounderlines"></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin-script_multigraph" title="Latin-script multigraph">Multigraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_digraphs" title="List of Latin-script digraphs">Digraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ch_(digraph)" title="Ch (digraph)">Ch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dz_(digraph)" title="Dz (digraph)">Dz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C5%BE" title="Dž">Dž</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gh_(digraph)" title="Gh (digraph)">Gh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IJ_(digraph)" title="IJ (digraph)">IJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lj_(digraph)" title="Lj (digraph)">Lj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ll" title="Ll">Ll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_ly" title="Hungarian ly">Ly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nh_(digraph)" title="Nh (digraph)">Nh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nj_(digraph)" title="Nj (digraph)">Nj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ny_(digraph)" title="Ny (digraph)">Ny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh_(digraph)" title="Sh (digraph)">Sh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sz_(digraph)" title="Sz (digraph)">Sz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th_(digraph)" title="Th (digraph)">Th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_trigraphs" title="List of Latin-script trigraphs">Trigraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_dzs" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian dzs">dzs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eau_(trigraph)" title="Eau (trigraph)">eau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_tetragraphs" title="List of Latin-script tetragraphs">Tetragraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ough_(orthography)" title="Ough (orthography)">ough</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_pentagraphs" title="List of Latin-script pentagraphs">Pentagraphs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Tzsch" class="mw-redirect" title="Tzsch">tzsch</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Keyboard layouts (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_keyboard_layouts" title="List of Latin-script keyboard layouts">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/QWERTY" title="QWERTY">QWERTY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QWERTZ" title="QWERTZ">QWERTZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AZERTY" title="AZERTY">AZERTY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dvorak_keyboard_layout" title="Dvorak keyboard layout">Dvorak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colemak" title="Colemak">Colemak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%89PO" title="BÉPO">BÉPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo_(keyboard_layout)" title="Neo (keyboard layout)">Neo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">ISO/IEC 646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Latin_character_sets_(computing)" title="Western Latin character sets (computing)">Western Latin character sets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_script_in_Unicode" title="Latin script in Unicode">Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIN_91379" title="DIN 91379">DIN 91379: Unicode subset for Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_precomposed_Latin_characters_in_Unicode" title="List of precomposed Latin characters in Unicode">Precomposed Latin characters in Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_letters_used_in_mathematics" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin letters used in mathematics">Letters used in mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_typographical_symbols_and_punctuation_marks" title="List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks">List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> 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