CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Action (firearms) - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"aa47053f-5c91-4530-9f69-e7b449e9849e","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Action_(firearms)","wgTitle":"Action (firearms)","wgCurRevisionId":1247919184,"wgRevisionId":1247919184,"wgArticleId":94287,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles needing additional references from December 2008","All articles needing additional references","Firearm actions","Firearm terminology"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Action_(firearms)","wgRelevantArticleId":94287,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[], "wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q5451695","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false, "wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/ShotgunAction.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1796"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/ShotgunAction.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1198"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="958"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Action (firearms) - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_(firearms)"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_(firearms)"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Action_firearms rootpage-Action_firearms skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Action+%28firearms%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Action+%28firearms%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Action+%28firearms%29" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Action+%28firearms%29" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Single-shot_actions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Single-shot_actions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Single-shot actions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Single-shot_actions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Single-shot actions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Single-shot_actions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Breechblock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Breechblock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Breechblock</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Breechblock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dropping_block" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dropping_block"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Dropping block</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dropping_block-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pivoting_block" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pivoting_block"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Pivoting block</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pivoting_block-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Falling_block" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Falling_block"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Falling block</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Falling_block-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rolling_block" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rolling_block"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4</span> <span>Rolling block</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rolling_block-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hinged_block" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hinged_block"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.5</span> <span>Hinged block</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hinged_block-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Break-action" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Break-action"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Break-action</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Break-action-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bolt-action" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bolt-action"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Bolt-action</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bolt-action-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eccentric_screw_action" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eccentric_screw_action"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Eccentric screw action</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eccentric_screw_action-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_actions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_actions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Other actions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_actions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Repeating_actions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Repeating_actions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Repeating actions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Repeating_actions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Repeating actions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Repeating_actions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Manual_operation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manual_operation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Manual operation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manual_operation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Revolver" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revolver"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>Revolver</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revolver-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bolt_action" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bolt_action"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Bolt action</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bolt_action-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Straight-pull_action" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Straight-pull_action"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Straight-pull action</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Straight-pull_action-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pump-action" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pump-action"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>Pump-action</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pump-action-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lever-action" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lever-action"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.5</span> <span>Lever-action</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lever-action-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bolt_release" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bolt_release"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.6</span> <span>Bolt release</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bolt_release-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_actions_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_actions_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.7</span> <span>Other actions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_actions_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autoloading_operation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autoloading_operation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Autoloading operation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autoloading_operation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Blowback_operation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blowback_operation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Blowback operation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blowback_operation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Examples_of_blowback_operation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples_of_blowback_operation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1.1</span> <span>Examples of blowback operation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples_of_blowback_operation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Blow-forward_operation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blow-forward_operation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Blow-forward operation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blow-forward_operation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recoil_operation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recoil_operation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Recoil operation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recoil_operation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Examples_of_recoil_operation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples_of_recoil_operation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3.1</span> <span>Examples of recoil operation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples_of_recoil_operation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gas_operation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gas_operation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.4</span> <span>Gas operation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gas_operation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Examples_of_gas_operation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples_of_gas_operation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.4.1</span> <span>Examples of gas operation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples_of_gas_operation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Action (firearms)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 8 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-8" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">8 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%94%EA%B8%B0_%EC%9E%91%EB%8F%99_%EB%B0%A9%EC%8B%9D" title="화기 작동 방식 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="화기 작동 방식" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azione_(armi)" title="Azione (armi) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Azione (armi)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatyka_broni" title="Automatyka broni – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Automatyka broni" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%A7%C3%A3o_(arma_de_fogo)" title="Ação (arma de fogo) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ação (arma de fogo)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Механизмы запирания и отпирания канала ствола – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Механизмы запирания и отпирания канала ствола" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%97_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%97" title="Принцип дії вогнепальної зброї – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Принцип дії вогнепальної зброї" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84(%D8%A2%D8%AA%D8%B4%DB%8C%DA%BA_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD%DB%81)" title="عمل(آتشیں اسلحہ) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عمل(آتشیں اسلحہ)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9E%AA%E6%9C%BA" title="枪机 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="枪机" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5451695#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Action_(firearms)" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Action_(firearms)" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Action_(firearms)"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Action_(firearms)"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Action_(firearms)" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Action_(firearms)" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&oldid=1247919184" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Action_%28firearms%29&id=1247919184&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAction_%28firearms%29"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAction_%28firearms%29"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Action_%28firearms%29&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Firearm_actions" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5451695" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Functional mechanism of breech-loading</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This <a href="/wiki/Firearm" title="Firearm">Firearm</a> article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Action_(firearms)" title="Special:EditPage/Action (firearms)">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this <a href="/wiki/Firearm" title="Firearm">Firearm</a> article. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Action%22+firearms">"Action" firearms</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Action%22+firearms+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Action%22+firearms&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Action%22+firearms+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Action%22+firearms">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Action%22+firearms&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2008</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ShotgunAction.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/ShotgunAction.JPG/220px-ShotgunAction.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/ShotgunAction.JPG/330px-ShotgunAction.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/ShotgunAction.JPG/440px-ShotgunAction.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="958" /></a><figcaption>A view of the <a href="/wiki/Break-action" class="mw-redirect" title="Break-action">break-action</a> of a typical double-barreled shotgun, with the action open and the extractor visible. The opening lever and the safety catch are clearly visible.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Firearms" class="mw-redirect" title="Firearms">firearms</a> terminology, an <b>action</b> is the functional mechanism of a breech-loading firearm that handles (loads, locks, fires, extracts, and ejects) the <a href="/wiki/Ammunition" title="Ammunition">ammunition</a> <a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(firearms)" title="Cartridge (firearms)">cartridges</a>, or the method by which that mechanism works.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Actions are technically not present on <a href="/wiki/Muzzleloader" title="Muzzleloader">muzzleloaders</a>, as all those are <a href="/wiki/Single-shot" title="Single-shot">single-shot</a> firearms with a closed off breech with the powder and projectile manually loaded from the <a href="/wiki/Muzzle_(firearms)" class="mw-redirect" title="Muzzle (firearms)">muzzle</a>. Instead, the muzzleloader ignition mechanism is referred to as the <i>lock</i> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Matchlock" title="Matchlock">matchlock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wheellock" title="Wheellock">wheellock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flintlock" title="Flintlock">flintlock</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Caplock" class="mw-redirect" title="Caplock">caplock</a>). </p><p>Actions can be categorized in several ways, including <a href="/wiki/Trigger_(firearms)#Single-action" title="Trigger (firearms)">single action</a> versus <a href="/wiki/Trigger_(firearms)#Double-action_only" title="Trigger (firearms)">double action</a>, <a href="/wiki/Break-action" class="mw-redirect" title="Break-action">break action</a> versus <a href="/wiki/Lever-action" class="mw-redirect" title="Lever-action">lever-action</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pump-action" class="mw-redirect" title="Pump-action">pump-action</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolt-action" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolt-action">bolt-action</a>, among many other types. The term action can also include short, long, and magnum if it is in reference to the length of the rifle's receiver and the length of the bolt. The short action rifle usually can accommodate a cartridge length of 2.8 <a href="/wiki/Inch" title="Inch">in</a> (71 mm) or smaller. The long action rifle can accommodate a cartridge of 3.34 <a href="/wiki/Inch" title="Inch">in</a> (85 mm), and the magnum action rifle can accommodate cartridges of 3.6 <a href="/wiki/Inch" title="Inch">in</a> (91 mm).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-4"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Single-shot_actions">Single-shot actions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Single-shot actions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Single-shot" title="Single-shot">Single-shot</a></div> <p>Single-shot actions operate only to ignite a <a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(firearms)" title="Cartridge (firearms)">cartridge</a> that is separately set up ("in battery") for firing, and are incapable of moving the cartridge, itself. As the name implies, all single-shot firearms (unless they are <a href="/wiki/Multiple-barrel_firearm" title="Multiple-barrel firearm">multi-barreled</a>) can only hold one round of <a href="/wiki/Ammunition" title="Ammunition">ammunition</a> and need to be manually reloaded after every firing. Historically, these are the earliest cartridge firearm actions invented. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Breechblock">Breechblock</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Breechblock"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Firearm_actions.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Firearm_actions.svg/400px-Firearm_actions.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Firearm_actions.svg/600px-Firearm_actions.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Firearm_actions.svg/800px-Firearm_actions.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Diagram of various "block" firearm actions</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Breechblock" title="Breechblock">Breechblock</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dropping_block">Dropping block</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Dropping block"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>dropping block</b> are actions wherein the <a href="/wiki/Breechblock" title="Breechblock">breechblock</a> lowers or "drops" into the <a href="/wiki/Receiver_(firearms)" title="Receiver (firearms)">receiver</a> to open the breech, usually actuated by an underlever. There are two principal types of dropping block: the tilting block and the falling block. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pivoting_block">Pivoting block</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Pivoting block"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a <b>tilting block</b> or <b>pivoting block</b> action, the breechblock is hinged on a pin mounted at the rear (in contrast with <a href="/wiki/Tilting_bolt" title="Tilting bolt">tilting bolt</a>, which is not hinged). When the lever is operated, the block tilts down and forward, exposing the chamber. The best-known pivoting block designs are the <a href="/wiki/Peabody_action" title="Peabody action">Peabody</a>, the Peabody–Martini, and <a href="/wiki/Ballard_Rifle" title="Ballard Rifle">Ballard</a> actions. </p><p>The original Peabody rifles, manufactured by the <a href="/wiki/Providence_Tool_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Providence Tool Company">Providence Tool Company</a>, used a manually cocked side-hammer. Swiss gunsmith Friedrich Martini developed a pivoting block action by modifying the Peabody, which incorporated a hammerless striker that was cocked by the operating lever with the same single efficient motion that also pivoted the block. The 1871 <a href="/wiki/Martini%E2%80%93Henry" title="Martini–Henry">Martini–Henry</a> which replaced the "trapdoor" <a href="/wiki/Snider%E2%80%93Enfield" title="Snider–Enfield">Snider–Enfield</a> was the standard British Army rifle of the later Victorian era, and the Martini is also a popular action for civilian rifles. </p><p>Charles H. Ballard's self-cocking tilting-block action was produced by the <a href="/wiki/Marlin_Firearms_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Marlin Firearms Company">Marlin Firearms Company</a> from 1875 and earned a superlative reputation among long-range "Creedmoor" target shooters. Surviving Marlin Ballards are today highly prized by collectors, especially those mounted in the elaborate Swiss-style Schützen stocks of the day. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Falling_block">Falling block</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Falling block"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ruger_no1_243_left_open.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Ruger_no1_243_left_open.jpg/250px-Ruger_no1_243_left_open.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Ruger_no1_243_left_open.jpg/375px-Ruger_no1_243_left_open.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Ruger_no1_243_left_open.jpg/500px-Ruger_no1_243_left_open.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2517" data-file-height="531" /></a><figcaption>Ruger No. 1 single-shot falling-block rifle with action open</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Falling-block_action" title="Falling-block action">Falling-block action</a></div> <p>In a <b>falling block</b> or <b>sliding block</b> action, a solid metal breechblock "slides" vertically in grooves cut into the breech of the firearm and actuated by a lever. Examples of firearms using the falling-block action are the <a href="/wiki/Sharps_rifle" title="Sharps rifle">Sharps rifle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ruger_No._1" title="Ruger No. 1">Ruger No. 1</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rolling_block">Rolling block</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Rolling block"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rolling_block" title="Rolling block">Rolling block</a></div> <p>In a <b>rolling block</b> action, the breechblock takes the form of a part-cylinder, with a pivot pin through its axis. The operator rotates or "rolls" the block to open and close the breech; it is a simple, rugged, and reliable design. Rolling blocks are most often associated with firearms made by <a href="/wiki/E._Remington_and_Sons" title="E. Remington and Sons">Remington</a> in the late 19th century; in the Remington action the hammer serves to lock the breech closed at the moment of firing, and the block in turn prevents the hammer from falling with the breech open. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hinged_block">Hinged block</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Hinged block"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>hinged block</b> used in the earliest metallic-cartridge breechloaders designed for general military issue began as conversions of muzzle-loading <a href="/wiki/Rifle-musket" class="mw-redirect" title="Rifle-musket">rifle-muskets</a>. The upper rear portion of the barrel was filed or milled away and replaced by a hinged breechblock, which opened upward to permit loading. An internal angled firing pin allowed the re-use of the rifle's existing side-hammer. The Allin action made by Springfield Arsenal in the US hinged forward; the <a href="/wiki/Snider%E2%80%93Enfield" title="Snider–Enfield">Snider–Enfield</a> used by the British opened to the side. Whereas the British quickly replaced the Snider with a dropping-block <a href="/wiki/Peabody_action" title="Peabody action">Peabody-style</a> Martini action, the US Army felt the trapdoor action to be adequate and followed its muzzleloader conversions with the new-production <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Model_1873" class="mw-redirect" title="Springfield Model 1873">Springfield Model 1873</a>, which was the principal longarm used as a weapon in the <a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">Indian Wars</a> and was still in service with some units in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Break-action">Break-action</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Break-action"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Break_action" title="Break action">Break action</a></div> <p>A <b>break action</b> is a type of firearm where the barrel(s) are hinged and can be "broken open" to expose the breech. Multi-barrel break action firearms are usually subdivided into over-and-under or side-by-side configurations for two barrel configurations or "<a href="/wiki/Combination_gun" title="Combination gun">combination gun</a>" when mixed rifle and shotgun barrels are used. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bolt-action">Bolt-action</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bolt-action"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bolt_action" title="Bolt action">Bolt action</a></div> <p>Although bolt-action guns are usually associated with fixed or detachable box magazines, in fact, the first general-issue military breechloader was a single-shot bolt action: the paper-cartridge <a href="/wiki/Prussian_needle_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Prussian needle gun">Prussian needle gun</a> of 1841. France countered in 1866 with its superior <a href="/wiki/Chassepot_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Chassepot rifle">Chassepot rifle</a>, also a paper-cartridge bolt action. The first metallic-cartridge bolt actions in general military service were the <a href="/wiki/Berdan_rifle" title="Berdan rifle">Berdan Type II</a> introduced by Russia in 1870, the <a href="/wiki/Mauser_Model_1871" title="Mauser Model 1871">Mauser Model 1871</a>, and a modified Chassepot, the <a href="/wiki/Gras_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Gras rifle">Gras rifle</a> of 1874; all these were single-shots. </p><p>Today, most top-level smallbore match rifles are single-shot bolt action rifles. </p><p>Single-shot bolt actions in .22 caliber were also widely manufactured as inexpensive "boys' guns" in the earlier 20th century; and there have been a few single-shot bolt-action shotguns, usually in .410 bore. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eccentric_screw_action">Eccentric screw action</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Eccentric screw action"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>eccentric screw</b> action first seen on the <a href="/wiki/M1867_Werndl%E2%80%93Holub" class="mw-redirect" title="M1867 Werndl–Holub">M1867 Werndl–Holub</a> and later on the <a href="/wiki/Magnum_Research" title="Magnum Research">Magnum Research</a> Lone Eagle pistol, the breech closure is a rotating drum with the same axis, but offset from the bore. When locked, a firing pin aligns with the <a href="/wiki/Primer_(firearms)" title="Primer (firearms)">primer</a>, the breech is otherwise solid. When rotated open, a slot in the drum is exposed for extraction and feeding of a new round. Though first used on the Werndl-Holub, this action is commonly known as a cannon breech due to its association with the French 75mm Model of 1897 cannon. The French M1897 was, itself, based on William Hubbell's <span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US149478">U.S. patent 149,478</a></span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_actions">Other actions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Other actions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>The <a href="/wiki/Ferguson_rifle" title="Ferguson rifle">Ferguson rifle</a></b>: British Major Patrick Ferguson designed his rifle, considered to be the first military <a href="/wiki/Breechloader" title="Breechloader">breechloader</a> in the 1770s. A plug-shaped breechblock was screw-threaded so that rotating the handle underneath would lower and raise it for loading with ball and loose powder; the flintlock action still required conventional priming.</li> <li><b>The <a href="/wiki/M1819_Hall_rifle" title="M1819 Hall rifle">Hall rifle</a></b>: First U.S. cavalry breechloader, originally made in flint but later made-in and converted to percussion in 1830s–1840s. The breech section tilts up to accept a paper cartridge. Excellent machine-made construction, but still tended to leak gas at the breech.</li> <li><b>The <a href="/wiki/Kammerlader" title="Kammerlader">Kammerlader</a></b>: A crank-operated Norwegian firearm produced around the time of the Prussian Needle-gun. Originally used a paper cartridge. Later, many were converted to rimfire; this was the first Norwegian breechloader.</li> <li><b>The <a href="/wiki/Tarpley_carbine" title="Tarpley carbine">Tarpley carbine</a></b>: This is categorized into falling block action, but the breech block is hinged, unlike the others.</li> <li><b>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Morse_Carbine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morse Carbine (page does not exist)">Morse Carbine</a></b>: This mostly brass action is somewhat like the <a href="/wiki/Hall_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Hall rifle">Hall rifle</a>, except it was designed to take a special centerfire cartridge. Very few of these were actually made; all were constructed in the late 1850s.</li> <li><b>The <a href="/wiki/Joslyn_rifle" title="Joslyn rifle">Joslyn rifle</a></b>:</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rising_Breech_Carbine" class="mw-redirect" title="Rising Breech Carbine">Rising Breech Carbine</a></b>:</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Repeating_actions">Repeating actions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Repeating actions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Repeating_firearm" title="Repeating firearm">Repeating firearm</a></div> <p>Repeating actions are characterized by <a href="/wiki/Reciprocating_motion" title="Reciprocating motion">reciprocating</a>/<a href="/wiki/Rotating" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotating">rotating</a> components that can move <a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(firearms)" title="Cartridge (firearms)">cartridges</a> in and out of battery from an <a href="/wiki/Ammunition" title="Ammunition">ammunition</a>-holding device (which is a <a href="/wiki/Magazine_(firearms)" title="Magazine (firearms)">magazine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cylinder_(firearms)" title="Cylinder (firearms)">cylinder</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Ammunition_belt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ammunition belt">belt</a>), which allows the gun to hold multiple rounds and shoot repeatedly before needing a manual ammunition reload. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manual_operation">Manual operation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Manual operation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Revolver">Revolver</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Revolver"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Revolver" title="Revolver">Revolver</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M%26Prevolver.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/M%26Prevolver.jpg/250px-M%26Prevolver.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/M%26Prevolver.jpg/375px-M%26Prevolver.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/M%26Prevolver.jpg/500px-M%26Prevolver.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="359" /></a><figcaption>Smith & Wesson M&P revolver</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>revolver</b> is a multi-<a href="/wiki/Chamber_(firearms)" title="Chamber (firearms)">chamber</a> (but single-<a href="/wiki/Gun_barrel" title="Gun barrel">barrelled</a>) firearm that houses cartridges in a rotary <a href="/wiki/Cylinder_(firearms)" title="Cylinder (firearms)">cylinder</a> which <a href="/wiki/Indexing_(motion)" title="Indexing (motion)">indexes</a> each round into alignment with the <a href="/wiki/Gun_barrel#Bore" title="Gun barrel">bore</a> (with the help of a forcing cone) prior to each shot. Revolvers are most often <a href="/wiki/Handgun" title="Handgun">handguns</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, examples of <a href="/wiki/Revolving_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolving rifle">revolving rifles</a>, shotguns, and cannons have been made. The cylinder is most often rotated via <a href="/wiki/Linkage_(mechanical)" title="Linkage (mechanical)">linkage</a> to a manually manipulated external <a href="/wiki/Hammer_(firearms)" title="Hammer (firearms)">hammer</a>, although some revolvers are "double-action" and can use the manual pull of the <a href="/wiki/Trigger_(firearms)" title="Trigger (firearms)">trigger</a> to drive both the cylinder rotation and hammer cocking. Some examples of firearms using the revolver principle are the <a href="/wiki/Smith_%26_Wesson_Model_3" title="Smith & Wesson Model 3">Smith & Wesson Model 3</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colt_M1889" title="Colt M1889">Colt Model 1889</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bolt_action">Bolt action</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Bolt action"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Open_bolt_action.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Open_bolt_action.jpg/250px-Open_bolt_action.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Open_bolt_action.jpg/375px-Open_bolt_action.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Open_bolt_action.jpg/500px-Open_bolt_action.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="523" /></a><figcaption>Barreled action for bolt-action rifle</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bolt_action" title="Bolt action">Bolt action</a></div> <p>In <b>bolt-action</b> firearms, the opening and closing of the breech is operated by direct manual manipulation of the <a href="/wiki/Bolt_(firearms)" title="Bolt (firearms)">bolt</a> via a protruding <a href="/wiki/Cocking_handle" title="Cocking handle">bolt handle</a>. Most bolt-actions utilize a rotating bolt ("turn-pull") design, where the bolt handle must be rotated upwards for unlocking before the bolt can be pulled back to opening the breech and eject any spent cartridge, and must be rotated back down for locking after the bolt closes the breech. The three predominant rotating bolt-action systems are the <a href="/wiki/Gewehr_98#M98_controlled-feed_bolt-action_system" title="Gewehr 98">Mauser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lee%E2%80%93Enfield" title="Lee–Enfield">Lee–Enfield</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mosin%E2%80%93Nagant" title="Mosin–Nagant">Mosin–Nagant</a> systems, with the Mauser system emerging into the mainstream as the most widely used rotating bolt-action design. </p><p>There are also straight pull bolt-action systems that use complex bolt head designs to facilitate locking instead of needing to rotate the bolt handle every time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Straight-pull_action">Straight-pull action</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Straight-pull action"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M1895_US_Navy_Straight_Pull_Rifle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/M1895_US_Navy_Straight_Pull_Rifle.jpg/250px-M1895_US_Navy_Straight_Pull_Rifle.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/M1895_US_Navy_Straight_Pull_Rifle.jpg/375px-M1895_US_Navy_Straight_Pull_Rifle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/M1895_US_Navy_Straight_Pull_Rifle.jpg/500px-M1895_US_Navy_Straight_Pull_Rifle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>U.S. <a href="/wiki/M1895_Lee_Navy" title="M1895 Lee Navy">M1895 Lee Navy</a> straight-pull rifle</figcaption></figure> <p>In the Mauser-style <a href="/wiki/Bolt_action#Rotating_bolt" title="Bolt action">turn-bolt</a> action,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Cocking_handle" title="Cocking handle">bolt handle</a> must be rotated upward, pull rearward, pushed forward, and finally rotated back downward into lock. In a straight pull bolt-action, the bolt can be cycled without rotating, hence reducing the required range of motion by the shooter from four movements to two, with the goal of increasing the <a href="/wiki/Rate_of_fire" title="Rate of fire">rate of fire</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Ross_rifle" title="Ross rifle">Ross</a> and <a href="/wiki/Schmidt%E2%80%93Rubin" title="Schmidt–Rubin">Schmidt–Rubin</a> rifles load via <a href="/wiki/Stripper_clip" title="Stripper clip">stripper clips</a>, albeit of an unusual <a href="/wiki/Paperboard" title="Paperboard">paperboard</a> and steel design in the Schmidt–Rubin rifle, while the Mannlicher uses <a href="/wiki/Clip_(ammunition)#En_bloc" class="mw-redirect" title="Clip (ammunition)">en-bloc clips</a>. The Schmidt–Rubin series, which culminated in the <a href="/wiki/K31" title="K31">K31</a>, are also known for being among the most accurate military <a href="/wiki/Service_rifle" title="Service rifle">service rifles</a> ever made. Yet another variant of the straight pull bolt-action, of which the <a href="/wiki/M1895_Lee_Navy" title="M1895 Lee Navy">M1895 Lee Navy</a> is an example, is a camming action in which pulling the bolt handle causes the bolt to rock, freeing a stud from the receiver and unlocking the bolt. </p><p>In 1993, the German firearms company <a href="/wiki/Blaser" title="Blaser">Blaser</a>, introduced the <a href="/wiki/Blaser_R93" title="Blaser R93">Blaser R93</a>, a new straight pull bolt-action rifle where locking is achieved by a series of concentric "claws" that protrude/retract from the bolthead, a design that is referred to as <i>Radialbundverschluss</i> ("radial connection"). As of 2017 the Rifle Shooter magazine<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> listed its successor <a href="/wiki/Blaser_R8" title="Blaser R8">Blaser R8</a> as one of the three most popular straight pull bolt-action together with <a href="/wiki/Merkel_(firearms_manufacturer)" title="Merkel (firearms manufacturer)">Merkel</a> Helix<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Browning_Arms_Company" title="Browning Arms Company">Browning</a> Maral.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some other notable modern straight pull bolt-action rifles are made by <a href="/wiki/Chapuis_Armes" title="Chapuis Armes">Chapuis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Heym_(gun_manufacturer)" title="Heym (gun manufacturer)">Heym</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lynx_Rifles" title="Lynx Rifles">Lynx</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6%C3%9Fler_(firearms_manufacturer)" title="Rößler (firearms manufacturer)">Rößler</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Strasser,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Steel Action.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the sport of <a href="/wiki/Biathlon" title="Biathlon">biathlon</a>, because shooting speed is an important performance factor and semi-automatic guns are illegal for race use, straight pull bolt-actions are quite common, and are used almost exclusively on the <a href="/wiki/Biathlon_World_Cup" title="Biathlon World Cup">Biathlon World Cup</a>. The first company to make straight pull bolt-actions for <a href="/wiki/.22_caliber" title=".22 caliber">.22 caliber</a> was <a href="/wiki/J._G._Ansch%C3%BCtz" title="J. G. Anschütz">J. G. Anschütz</a>; the action is specifically the straight-pull <a href="/wiki/Ball_bearing" title="Ball bearing">ball bearing</a>-lock action, which features spring-loaded ball bearings on the side of the bolt which lock into a groove inside the bolt's housing. With the new design came a new dry-fire method; instead of the bolt being turned up slightly, the action is locked back to catch the firing pin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pump-action">Pump-action</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Pump-action"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Winchester_1897.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Winchester_1897.jpg/250px-Winchester_1897.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Winchester_1897.jpg/375px-Winchester_1897.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Winchester_1897.jpg/500px-Winchester_1897.jpg 2x" data-file-width="598" data-file-height="116" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Winchester_M1897" class="mw-redirect" title="Winchester M1897">Winchester M1897</a>, one of the first successful pump-action shotgun designs</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pump-action" class="mw-redirect" title="Pump-action">Pump-action</a></div> <p>In <b>pump action</b> firearms, a sliding grip at the fore-end beneath the barrel is manually operated by the user to eject and chamber cartridges. Pump actions are predominantly found in <a href="/wiki/Shotgun" title="Shotgun">shotguns</a>. Some examples of firearms using the pump-action are the <a href="/wiki/Winchester_Model_1912" title="Winchester Model 1912">Winchester Model 1912</a>, <a href="/wiki/Remington_870" class="mw-redirect" title="Remington 870">Remington 870</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mossberg_500" title="Mossberg 500">Mossberg 500</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lever-action">Lever-action</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Lever-action"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lever-action" class="mw-redirect" title="Lever-action">Lever-action</a></div> <p>The <b>lever-action</b> firearms, a <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_linkage" class="mw-redirect" title="Mechanical linkage">linked</a> lever is manually operated to eject and chamber cartridges. Some examples of firearms using lever-action are the <a href="/wiki/Henry_rifle" title="Henry rifle">Henry Model 1860</a>, <a href="/wiki/Winchester_Model_1876" class="mw-redirect" title="Winchester Model 1876">Winchester Model 1876</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marlin_Model_1894" title="Marlin Model 1894">Marlin Model 1894</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bolt_release">Bolt release</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Bolt release"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>bolt release</b> or <b>lever release</b> action<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a hybrid repeating action that uses the physical manipulation of a bolt release lever/button to complete the cartridge chambering process. However, unlike the lever action (which demands the shooter's hand to actually provide the force needed for cycling the action), bolt release firearms eject the used cartridge automatically without involving the lever, usually via <a href="/wiki/Blowback_(firearms)" title="Blowback (firearms)">blowback</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gas_operation" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas operation">gas operation</a>, and often uses a spring-assisted mechanism to chamber the next round. However, after moving rearwards the <a href="/wiki/Bolt_(firearms)" title="Bolt (firearms)">bolt</a> is stopped by a bolt catch and will not move back into battery position and chamber the new round, until the user manually disengages the catch by depressing a release lever/button. Due to the fact that the action can not complete its loading cycle without manual input from the user, it is technically a manually operated action rather than a self-loading one. </p><p>Whilst the basic principle can be traced back to other self-ejecting rifles, such as the single-shot <a href="/wiki/H%26R_Firearms" class="mw-redirect" title="H&R Firearms">Harrington & Richardson</a> Model 755 rifle, this action has since been popularized in the United Kingdom by Southern Gun Company, who manufacture with "Manually Actuated Release System" (MARS) action rifles/<a href="/wiki/Pistol-caliber_carbine" class="mw-redirect" title="Pistol-caliber carbine">pistol-caliber carbines</a> in <a href="/wiki/.223_Remington" title=".223 Remington">.223</a>, <a href="/wiki/.308_Winchester" title=".308 Winchester">.308</a>, <a href="/wiki/9mm_Parabellum" class="mw-redirect" title="9mm Parabellum">9mm</a> and <a href="/wiki/.45_ACP" title=".45 ACP">.45 ACP</a> calibers,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as the interrupted mechanism complies with <a href="/wiki/Firearms_(Amendment)_Act_1988" title="Firearms (Amendment) Act 1988">The Firearms (Amendment) Act 1988</a> which bans possession of self-loading <a href="/wiki/Centerfire_ammunition" title="Centerfire ammunition">centrefire</a> rifles. The French company <a href="/wiki/Verney-Carron" title="Verney-Carron">Verney-Carron</a> makes and exports the <i>Speedline</i> hunting rifle and the <i>Véloce</i> shotgun, which has caused some <a href="/wiki/Moral_panic" title="Moral panic">moral concern</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Mainstream_media" title="Mainstream media">mainstream media</a> in Australia due to lobbying by the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Greens" title="Australian Greens">Greens</a> and anti-gun groups such as <a href="/wiki/Gun_Control_Australia" title="Gun Control Australia">Gun Control Australia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with <a href="/wiki/David_Shoebridge" title="David Shoebridge">David Shoebridge</a> quoting the term "semi-semi-automatic".<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, <a href="/wiki/Savage_Arms" title="Savage Arms">Savage Arms</a> has introduced the A17R and A22R rimfire rifles (both modified from its new A-series rifles, with a bolt release lever in front of the <a href="/wiki/Trigger_guard" title="Trigger guard">trigger guard</a>), aiming at the Australian market, but law enforcement agencies such as the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Territory Police">Northern Territory Police</a> has attempted to unilaterally defining these rifles as "linear repeating firearms with assisted ejection" and reclassify them as <a href="/wiki/Semi-automatic_rifle" title="Semi-automatic rifle">semi-automatic</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and hence prohibited without at least a Category C license, which is off-limit to most urban and rural residents who do not own farms. In 2020, <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cesk%C3%A1_zbrojovka_firearms" class="mw-redirect" title="Česká zbrojovka firearms">CZ</a> also introduced CZ 515, a bolt-release modified version of the CZ 512, to the Australian market via its importer <a href="/wiki/Winchester_Repeating_Arms_Company" title="Winchester Repeating Arms Company">Winchester Australia</a>. The Turkish manufacturer Pardus Arms also produces the <a href="/wiki/12-gauge_shotgun" class="mw-redirect" title="12-gauge shotgun">12 gauge</a>-caliber BRS17 shotgun, which uses a bolt release button on the back of the <a href="/wiki/Receiver_(firearm)" class="mw-redirect" title="Receiver (firearm)">receiver</a> to chamber rounds before firing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_actions_2">Other actions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Other actions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Rotary_cannon" title="Rotary cannon">Rotary cannon</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Gatling_gun" title="Gatling gun">Gatling gun</a>, <a href="/wiki/M134_Minigun" title="M134 Minigun">M134 Minigun</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chain_gun" title="Chain gun">Chain gun</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/M230_chain_gun" title="M230 chain gun">Hughes Chain Gun</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guycot_chain_rifle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guycot chain rifle (page does not exist)">Guycot Chain Rifle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treeby_chain_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Treeby chain gun">Treeby chain gun</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kalthoff_repeater" title="Kalthoff repeater">Kalthoff repeater</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cookson_repeater" title="Cookson repeater">Cookson repeater</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Belton_flintlock" title="Belton flintlock">Belton flintlock</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Jennings_Magazine_Rifle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Jennings Magazine Rifle (page does not exist)">The Jennings Magazine Rifle</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meigs_Sliding_Guard_Action_Repeater&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meigs Sliding Guard Action Repeater (page does not exist)">Meigs Sliding Guard Action Repeater</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roper_repeater&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roper repeater (page does not exist)">Roper repeater</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Orvill_Robinson_Model_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Orvill Robinson Model 2 (page does not exist)">The Orvill Robinson Model 2</a> rifle:</b> Orvill Robinson, a New York-based firearms designer, developed two rifles. His first, patented in 1870 and commonly referred to by collectors as the "Model 1" though it has no official designation, was a precursor to straight pull bolt-actions like the Mannlicher M1886. The second rifle designed by Robinson, patented in 1872, was very different, employing a double hinged action that folded upward from the receiver to remove the spent casing and back down and forward to chamber a new round. Though hammer-fired, it is recognizable as a manually actuated ancestor of the toggle action found in firearms such as the Luger Parabellum 1908 pistol or Pedersen Rifle.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Krag%E2%80%93Petersson" title="Krag–Petersson">Krag-Petersson Rifle</a></b> Though frequently classified as only single-shot firearms, one tilting block rifle usually falls under the category of repeating firearms. The user, upon ejecting a round from the chamber, would load a round from the underbarrel magazine onto the loading surface of the tilting block, then raise it to the mouth of the chamber where the user could then easily push it forward into the chamber. Though this would not meet most standards of "repeating" for most modern users, the classification has been in use historically.</li> <li><b>Remington-Rider Magazine Pistol</b> has a manually-actuated rolling block action to pull a cartridge from a tubular magazine set below the barrel and simultaneously cock the firearm. The block was rolled back into battery, loading the cartridge into the chamber, by spring pressure while the hammer remained in the cocked position.</li></ul> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nylon66.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Nylon66.JPG/250px-Nylon66.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Nylon66.JPG/375px-Nylon66.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Nylon66.JPG/500px-Nylon66.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Remington Nylon 66 .22 Rimfire semi-automatic rifle</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autoloading_operation">Autoloading operation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Autoloading operation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Blowback_operation">Blowback operation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Blowback operation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Blowback_(firearms)" title="Blowback (firearms)">Blowback (firearms)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FAMAS_Bolt-gr.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/FAMAS_Bolt-gr.PNG/220px-FAMAS_Bolt-gr.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/FAMAS_Bolt-gr.PNG/330px-FAMAS_Bolt-gr.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/FAMAS_Bolt-gr.PNG/440px-FAMAS_Bolt-gr.PNG 2x" data-file-width="748" data-file-height="351" /></a><figcaption>A schematic of the lever-delayed blowback mechanism used in the FAMAS assault rifle</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>blowback operation</b> is a system in which <a href="/wiki/Semi-automatic_firearm" title="Semi-automatic firearm">semi-automatic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fully_automatic_firearm" class="mw-redirect" title="Fully automatic firearm">fully automatic firearms</a> operate through the energy created by combustion in the chamber and bore acting directly on the bolt face through the cartridge. In blowback operation the bolt is not locked to the chamber, relying only on spring pressure and inertia from the weight of the bolt to keep the action from opening too quickly. Blowback operation is used for low-powered cartridges due to the weight of the bolt required. </p><p>Delayed blowback actions use some mechanism to slow down rearward travel of the bolt, allowing this action to handle more powerful ammunition and/or reduced weight of the bolt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Examples_of_blowback_operation">Examples of blowback operation</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Examples of blowback operation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Simple blowback</b>: <a href="/wiki/Halc%C3%B3n_M-1943" title="Halcón M-1943">Halcón M-1943</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzi_submachine_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Uzi submachine gun">Uzi submachine gun</a>, Varan PMX-80</li> <li><b>Lever-delayed blowback</b>: <a href="/wiki/FAMAS_(rifle)" class="mw-redirect" title="FAMAS (rifle)">FAMAS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sterling_7.62" class="mw-redirect" title="Sterling 7.62">Sterling 7.62</a>, <a href="/wiki/AA-52" class="mw-redirect" title="AA-52">AA-52</a>, 2B-A-40, <a href="/wiki/TKB-517" title="TKB-517">TKB-517</a></li> <li><b>Roller-delayed blowback</b>: <a href="/wiki/SIG_510" class="mw-redirect" title="SIG 510">SIG 510</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch_MP5" title="Heckler & Koch MP5">HK MP5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch_P9" title="Heckler & Koch P9">HK P9</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch_G3" title="Heckler & Koch G3">HK G3</a></li> <li><b>Gas-delayed blowback</b>: <a href="/wiki/Volkssturmgewehr_1-5" class="mw-redirect" title="Volkssturmgewehr 1-5">Volkssturmgewehr 1-5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch_P7" title="Heckler & Koch P7">HK P7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steyr_GB" title="Steyr GB">Steyr GB</a></li> <li><b>Toggle-delayed blowback</b>: <a href="/wiki/Schwarzlose_MG_M.07/12" class="mw-redirect" title="Schwarzlose MG M.07/12">Schwarzlose MG M.07/12</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luger_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Luger rifle">Luger rifle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pedersen_rifle" title="Pedersen rifle">Pedersen rifle</a></li> <li><b>Blish Lock</b>: early <a href="/wiki/Thompson_submachine_gun" title="Thompson submachine gun">Thompson submachine guns</a></li> <li><b>Hesitation locked</b>: <a href="/wiki/Remington_Model_51" title="Remington Model 51">Remington Model 51</a> and <a href="/wiki/Remington_R51" title="Remington R51">R51</a> pistols</li> <li><b>Chamber-ring delayed blowback</b>: <a href="/wiki/Seecamp" title="Seecamp">Seecamp</a> pistol</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Blow-forward_operation">Blow-forward operation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Blow-forward operation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Blow_forward" title="Blow forward">Blow forward</a></div> <p>The <b>blow-forward</b> operation uses a fixed breech and moving barrel that is forced forward relative to the breech by the friction of the projectile against the bore as well as the breech recoiling away from the barrel. The barrel is spring loaded and returns automatically to chamber a fresh round from the magazine.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples of this action are the <a href="/wiki/Steyr_Mannlicher_M1894" class="mw-redirect" title="Steyr Mannlicher M1894">Steyr Mannlicher M1894</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hino_Komuro_M1908_Pistol" class="mw-redirect" title="Hino Komuro M1908 Pistol">Hino Komuro M1908 Pistol</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Schwarzlose_Model_1908" title="Schwarzlose Model 1908">Schwarzlose Model 1908</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Recoil_operation">Recoil operation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Recoil operation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Recoil_operation" title="Recoil operation">Recoil operation</a></div> <p>The <b>recoil operation</b> is a type of <a href="/wiki/Locked-breech" class="mw-redirect" title="Locked-breech">locked-breech</a> action used in semi-automatic and fully automatic firearms. It also uses energy from the combustion in the chamber acting directly on the bolt through the cartridge head, but in this case the firearm has a reciprocating barrel and breech assembly, combined with a bolt that locks to the breech. The breech remains locked as the bolt and barrel travel rearward together for some distance, allowing pressure in the chamber to drop to a safe level before the breech is opened. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Examples_of_recoil_operation">Examples of recoil operation</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Examples of recoil operation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Short-recoil</b>: <a href="/wiki/M1911_Colt_pistol" class="mw-redirect" title="M1911 Colt pistol">Colt M1911</a>, <a href="/wiki/MAB_PA-15" class="mw-redirect" title="MAB PA-15">MAB PA-15</a>, <a href="/wiki/Browning_Hi-Power" title="Browning Hi-Power">Browning Hi-Power</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch_USP" title="Heckler & Koch USP">HK USP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glock_pistol" class="mw-redirect" title="Glock pistol">Glock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mamba_Pistol" title="Mamba Pistol">Mamba Pistol</a>, <a href="/wiki/M2_Browning_machine_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="M2 Browning machine gun">M2 Browning machine gun</a>, <a href="/wiki/MG42" class="mw-redirect" title="MG42">MG42</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vz._52_(pistol)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vz. 52 (pistol)">Vz 52 pistol</a>, <a href="/wiki/M82_Barrett_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="M82 Barrett rifle">M82</a></li> <li><b>Long-recoil</b>: <a href="/wiki/Browning_Auto-5" title="Browning Auto-5">Browning Auto 5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frommer_Stop" title="Frommer Stop">Femaru STOP Pistol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mars_Automatic_Pistol" title="Mars Automatic Pistol">Mars Automatic Pistol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chauchat" title="Chauchat">Chauchat</a></li> <li><b>Inertia</b>: <a href="/wiki/Sj%C3%B6gren_shotgun" title="Sjögren shotgun">Sjögren Inertial</a>, certain <a href="/wiki/Benelli_(firearms)" class="mw-redirect" title="Benelli (firearms)">Benelli shotguns</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gas_operation">Gas operation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Gas operation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Gas-operated_reloading" title="Gas-operated reloading">Gas-operated reloading</a> and <a href="/wiki/Direct_impingement" title="Direct impingement">Direct impingement</a></div> <p>The <b>gas operation</b> is a system of operation mechanism used to provide energy to semi-automatic and fully automatic firearms. In gas-operation, a portion of high pressure gas from the cartridge being fired is tapped through a hole in the barrel and diverted to operate the action. There are three basic types: long stroke gas piston (where the gas piston goes the same distance as the operating stroke of the action parts, and is often attached to the action parts), short stroke gas piston (where the gas piston travels a shorter distance than the operating stroke of the action parts), and direct impingement (AKA "direct gas", "gas impingement", where there is no piston, and the gas acts directly on the action parts). A fourth type, now considered obsolete and ineffective, are those systems based on the Bang rifle that utilize a muzzle cap to capture gas after the bullet has left the barrel. While this system is successful in boosting the operating power of recoil operated guns, it is insufficient and too susceptible to fouling for use as the primary operating system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Examples_of_gas_operation">Examples of gas operation</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Examples of gas operation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Short-stroke gas piston</b>: <a href="/wiki/FN_FAL" title="FN FAL">FN FAL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sterling_SAR-87" title="Sterling SAR-87">SAR-87</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heckler_%26_Koch_G36" title="Heckler & Koch G36">HK G36</a></li> <li><b>Long-stroke gas piston</b>: <a href="/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand">M1 Garand</a>, <a href="/wiki/AK-47" title="AK-47">AK-47</a>, <a href="/wiki/FN_FNC" title="FN FNC">FN FNC</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Direct_impingement" title="Direct impingement">Direct impingement</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/MAS_49" class="mw-redirect" title="MAS 49">MAS 49</a>, <a href="/wiki/M16_rifle" title="M16 rifle">M16</a>, <a href="/wiki/AG-42" class="mw-redirect" title="AG-42">AG-42</a></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gas_trap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gas trap (page does not exist)">Gas trap</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Gewehr_41" title="Gewehr 41">Gewehr 41</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bang_M1922_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Bang M1922 rifle">Bang M1922 rifle</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Locked-breech" class="mw-redirect" title="Locked-breech">Locked-breech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lock_(firearm)" title="Lock (firearm)">Lock (firearm)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matchlock" title="Matchlock">Matchlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheellock" title="Wheellock">Wheellock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flintlock" title="Flintlock">Flintlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caplock_mechanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Caplock mechanism">Caplock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trigger_(firearms)" title="Trigger (firearms)">Trigger</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBrown2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Brown" title="Jerry Brown">Brown, Edmund G.</a> (2009). <i>Handgun Safety Certificate</i>. <a href="/wiki/West_Sacramento,_California" title="West Sacramento, California">West Sacramento, California</a>: <a href="/wiki/California_Department_of_Justice" title="California Department of Justice">California Department of Justice</a>. p. 52.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handgun+Safety+Certificate&rft.place=West+Sacramento%2C+California&rft.pages=52&rft.pub=California+Department+of+Justice&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Edmund+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAction+%28firearms%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nssfblog.com/firstshotsnews/shooting-vocabulary-long-action-bolt-rifles-versus-short-action-bolt-rifles/">"Shooting Vocabulary: Long-Action Bolt Rifles versus Short-Action Bolt Rifles"</a>. <i>www.nssfblog.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170407145903/http://www.nssfblog.com/firstshotsnews/shooting-vocabulary-long-action-bolt-rifles-versus-short-action-bolt-rifles/">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-04-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nssfblog.com&rft.atitle=Shooting+Vocabulary%3A+Long-Action+Bolt+Rifles+versus+Short-Action+Bolt+Rifles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nssfblog.com%2Ffirstshotsnews%2Fshooting-vocabulary-long-action-bolt-rifles-versus-short-action-bolt-rifles%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAction+%28firearms%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.samuelcolt.net/colt-revolver-history/revolver-history/">"Revolver History – Colt Revolver"</a>. <i>www.samuelcolt.net</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160918075330/http://www.samuelcolt.net/colt-revolver-history/revolver-history/">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-09-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-07-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.samuelcolt.net&rft.atitle=Revolver+History+%E2%80%93+Colt+Revolver&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.samuelcolt.net%2Fcolt-revolver-history%2Frevolver-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAction+%28firearms%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUSOG2016" class="citation web cs1">USOG (27 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GhABWdIx8bk">"Best Straight Pull Rifle Actions – Blaser, Merkel Helix, Heym, Browning Acera"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211114/GhABWdIx8bk">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-11-14 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Best+Straight+Pull+Rifle+Actions+%E2%80%93+Blaser%2C+Merkel+Helix%2C+Heym%2C+Browning+Acera&rft.date=2016-11-27&rft.au=USOG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DGhABWdIx8bk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAction+%28firearms%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFieldsports_Channel2016" class="citation web cs1">Fieldsports Channel (7 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=spJQapFXEO8">"Straight-Pull Rifle Test"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211114/spJQapFXEO8">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-11-14 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Straight-Pull+Rifle+Test&rft.date=2016-12-07&rft.au=Fieldsports+Channel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DspJQapFXEO8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAction+%28firearms%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gundog-journal.com/article/straight-pull-rifles-in-depth-analysis-of-three-popular-straight-pulls">"Straight pull rifles - in depth analysis of three popular straight pulls"</a>. <i>Rifle Shooter</i>. 2022-06-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rifle+Shooter&rft.atitle=Straight+pull+rifles+-+in+depth+analysis+of+three+popular+straight+pulls&rft.date=2022-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgundog-journal.com%2Farticle%2Fstraight-pull-rifles-in-depth-analysis-of-three-popular-straight-pulls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAction+%28firearms%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sporting-rifle.com/reviews/merkel-rx-helix-review/">"Merkel RX Helix Review | Sporting Rifle magazine"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201108045609/https://www.sporting-rifle.com/reviews/merkel-rx-helix-review/">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-11-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Merkel+RX+Helix+Review+%7C+Sporting+Rifle+magazine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sporting-rifle.com%2Freviews%2Fmerkel-rx-helix-review%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAction+%28firearms%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gunmart.net/gun-reviews/firearms/rifles/browning_maral">"Browning Maral | Straight-Pull Rifles Reviews | Gun Mart"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201106072021/https://www.gunmart.net/gun-reviews/firearms/rifles/browning_maral">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-11-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Browning+Maral+%7C+Straight-Pull+Rifles+Reviews+%7C+Gun+Mart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gunmart.net%2Fgun-reviews%2Ffirearms%2Frifles%2Fbrowning_maral&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAction+%28firearms%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2017/04/11/chapuis-armes-rols-new-straight-pull-bolt-action-rifle/">"Chapuis Armes "ROLS": New Straight Pull Bolt Action Rifle – The Firearm BlogThe Firearm Blog"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201102180234/https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2017/04/11/chapuis-armes-rols-new-straight-pull-bolt-action-rifle/">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-11-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chapuis+Armes+%22ROLS%22%3A+New+Straight+Pull+Bolt+Action+Rifle+%E2%80%93+The+Firearm+BlogThe+Firearm+Blog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefirearmblog.com%2Fblog%2F2017%2F04%2F11%2Fchapuis-armes-rols-new-straight-pull-bolt-action-rifle%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAction+%28firearms%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shootinguk.co.uk/reviews/rifle/heym-sr30-straight-pull-rifle-review">"Heym SR30 straight-pull rifle review review – Shooting UK"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201101233039/https://www.shootinguk.co.uk/reviews/rifle/heym-sr30-straight-pull-rifle-review">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-11-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Heym+SR30+straight-pull+rifle+review+review+%E2%80%93+Shooting+UK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shootinguk.co.uk%2Freviews%2Frifle%2Fheym-sr30-straight-pull-rifle-review&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAction+%28firearms%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sporting-rifle.com/reviews/lynx-94-review/">"Lynx 94 Review | Sporting Rifle magazine"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201026135251/https://www.sporting-rifle.com/reviews/lynx-94-review/">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-10-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lynx+94+Review+%7C+Sporting+Rifle+magazine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sporting-rifle.com%2Freviews%2Flynx-94-review%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAction+%28firearms%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shootinguk.co.uk/reviews/rifle/titan-16-straight-pull-rifle">"Titan 16 straight-pull rifle review – Shooting UK"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201102024329/https://www.shootinguk.co.uk/reviews/rifle/titan-16-straight-pull-rifle">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-11-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Titan+16+straight-pull+rifle+review+%E2%80%93+Shooting+UK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shootinguk.co.uk%2Freviews%2Frifle%2Ftitan-16-straight-pull-rifle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAction+%28firearms%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shootinguk.co.uk/reviews/shotgun/strasser-rs-solo">"Strasser RS Solo review – Shooting UK"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201102150455/https://www.shootinguk.co.uk/reviews/shotgun/strasser-rs-solo">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-11-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Strasser+RS+Solo+review+%E2%80%93+Shooting+UK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shootinguk.co.uk%2Freviews%2Fshotgun%2Fstrasser-rs-solo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAction+%28firearms%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2017/06/07/german-straight-pull-bolt-action-rifles-steel-action/">"German Straight Pull Bolt Action Rifles by Steel Action – The Firearm BlogThe Firearm Blog"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211030175810/https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2017/06/07/german-straight-pull-bolt-action-rifles-steel-action/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-10-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=German+Straight+Pull+Bolt+Action+Rifles+by+Steel+Action+%E2%80%93+The+Firearm+BlogThe+Firearm+Blog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefirearmblog.com%2Fblog%2F2017%2F06%2F07%2Fgerman-straight-pull-bolt-action-rifles-steel-action%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAction+%28firearms%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGun_Mart_TV2016" class="citation web cs1">Gun Mart TV (15 December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gunmart.net/gun-reviews/firearms/rifles/southern-gun-co-lr9">"Southern Gun Co LR9"</a>. Aceville Magazines Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171014184255/http://www.gunmart.net/gun-reviews/firearms/rifles/southern-gun-co-lr9">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2017</span> – via Gunmart.net.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Southern+Gun+Co+LR9&rft.pub=Aceville+Magazines+Ltd.&rft.date=2016-12-15&rft.au=Gun+Mart+TV&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gunmart.net%2Fgun-reviews%2Ffirearms%2Frifles%2Fsouthern-gun-co-lr9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAction+%28firearms%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.southern-gun.co.uk/example-gun-build/#9mmlr">"Southern Gun Company Example Gun Builds"</a>. Southern Gun Company. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171002212548/http://www.southern-gun.co.uk/example-gun-build#9mmlr">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Southern+Gun+Company+Example+Gun+Builds&rft.pub=Southern+Gun+Company&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.southern-gun.co.uk%2Fexample-gun-build%2F%239mmlr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAction+%28firearms%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarbonell2018" class="citation web cs1">Carbonell, Rachel (2018-05-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-05-30/push-to-import-rapid-fire-shotgun-to-australia-sparks-concerns/9807790">"Push to import new 'rapid-fire' shotgun into Australia sparks concerns"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201024190519/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-05-30/push-to-import-rapid-fire-shotgun-to-australia-sparks-concerns/9807790">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-10-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Push+to+import+new+%27rapid-fire%27+shotgun+into+Australia+sparks+concerns&rft.date=2018-05-30&rft.aulast=Carbonell&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2018-05-30%2Fpush-to-import-rapid-fire-shotgun-to-australia-sparks-concerns%2F9807790&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAction+%28firearms%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201029102529/https://davidshoebridge.org.au/2018/06/08/media-release-new-semi-semi-automatic-firearms-fresh-risk-to-public-safety/">"New "semi-semi-automatic" firearms fresh risk to public safety"</a>. David Shoebridge – Media Release. 2018-06-08. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://davidshoebridge.org.au/2018/06/08/media-release-new-semi-semi-automatic-firearms-fresh-risk-to-public-safety/">the original</a> on 2020-10-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+%22semi-semi-automatic%22+firearms+fresh+risk+to+public+safety&rft.pub=David+Shoebridge+%E2%80%93+Media+Release&rft.date=2018-06-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdavidshoebridge.org.au%2F2018%2F06%2F08%2Fmedia-release-new-semi-semi-automatic-firearms-fresh-risk-to-public-safety%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAction+%28firearms%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLennan2019" class="citation web cs1">McLennan, hris (2019-11-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.katherinetimes.com.au/story/6515904/new-firearm-laws-catch-owners-by-surprise/">"New firearm laws catch owners by surprise"</a>. Katherine Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201022010139/https://www.katherinetimes.com.au/story/6515904/new-firearm-laws-catch-owners-by-surprise/">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-10-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+firearm+laws+catch+owners+by+surprise&rft.pub=Katherine+Times&rft.date=2019-11-28&rft.aulast=McLennan&rft.aufirst=hris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.katherinetimes.com.au%2Fstory%2F6515904%2Fnew-firearm-laws-catch-owners-by-surprise%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAction+%28firearms%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCunningham2012" class="citation book cs1">Cunningham, Grant (2012). <i>Gun Digest Shooter's Guide to Handguns</i>. Iola, Wisconsin: Gun Digest Books. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4402-3276-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4402-3276-3"><bdi>978-1-4402-3276-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gun+Digest+Shooter%27s+Guide+to+Handguns&rft.place=Iola%2C+Wisconsin&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Gun+Digest+Books&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4402-3276-3&rft.aulast=Cunningham&rft.aufirst=Grant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAction+%28firearms%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/spar/historyculture/exper-semi-auto-rifles-1919-31.htm">"Experimental semi-automatic rifles, 1919-1931- excluding Garand's and Pedersen's rifles – Springfield Armory National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)"</a>. <i>www.nps.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091202235030/http://www.nps.gov/spar/historyculture/exper-semi-auto-rifles-1919-31.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2009-12-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-06-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nps.gov&rft.atitle=Experimental+semi-automatic+rifles%2C+1919-1931-+excluding+Garand%27s+and+Pedersen%27s+rifles+%E2%80%93+Springfield+Armory+National+Historic+Site+%28U.S.+National+Park+Service%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fspar%2Fhistoryculture%2Fexper-semi-auto-rifles-1919-31.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAction+%28firearms%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GJzXG7MYX1c"><span class="plainlinks">How Small Arms Work – Training Movie</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qTlvw5XmiU4">How Does It Work: Toggle Actions</a> Forgotten Weapons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Firearms_(list,_glossary,_and_topics)" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Firearms" title="Template:Firearms"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Firearms" title="Template talk:Firearms"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Firearms" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Firearms"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Firearms_(list,_glossary,_and_topics)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Firearm" title="Firearm">Firearms</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_firearms" title="List of firearms">list</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_firearms_terms" title="Glossary of firearms terms">glossary</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Category:Firearms" title="Category:Firearms">topics</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firearm" title="Firearm">Firearm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_firearms" title="Category:Lists of firearms">lists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun" title="Gun">Gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_firearm" title="History of the firearm">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_safety" title="Gun safety">Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War" title="War">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapon" title="Weapon">Weapon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Types_of_firearms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Firearm#Types" title="Firearm">Types of firearms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breechloader" title="Breechloader">Breechloader</a> versus <a href="/wiki/Muzzleloader" title="Muzzleloader">muzzleloader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combination_guns" class="mw-redirect" title="Combination guns">Combination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_gun" title="Elephant gun">Elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flare_gun" title="Flare gun">Flare gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_thrower" title="Line thrower">Line thrower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_gun" title="Long gun">Long gun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbine" title="Carbine">Carbine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musket" title="Musket">Musket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takedown_gun" title="Takedown gun">Takedown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple-barrel_firearm" title="Multiple-barrel firearm">Multiple-barrel</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_multiple-barrel_firearms" title="List of multiple-barrel firearms">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Needlegun" title="Needlegun">Needler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_gun" title="Net gun">Net gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pen_gun" title="Pen gun">Pen gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riot_gun" title="Riot gun">Riot gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotary_cannon" title="Rotary cannon">Rotary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-shot" title="Single-shot">Single-shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeve_gun" title="Sleeve gun">Sleeve gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoothbore" title="Smoothbore">Smoothbore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring-gun" title="Spring-gun">Spring-gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_firearm" title="Underwater firearm">Underwater firearm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Handgun" title="Handgun">Handguns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cane_gun" title="Cane gun">Cane gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derringer" title="Derringer">Derringer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duelling_pistol" title="Duelling pistol">Duelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistol" title="Pistol">Pistol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pistols" title="List of pistols">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machine_pistol" title="Machine pistol">Machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepper-box" title="Pepper-box">Pepper-box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_pistol" title="Pocket pistol">Pocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolver" title="Revolver">Revolver</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_revolvers" title="List of revolvers">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-automatic_pistol" title="Semi-automatic pistol">Semi-automatic pistol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_semi-automatic_pistols" title="List of semi-automatic pistols">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistol_caliber_carbine" class="mw-redirect" title="Pistol caliber carbine">Pistol caliber</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personal_defence_weapon" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal defence weapon">Personal defence weapon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submachine_gun" title="Submachine gun">Submachine gun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starting_pistol" title="Starting pistol">Starting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallet_gun" title="Wallet gun">Wallet gun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rifle" title="Rifle">Rifles</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_rifles" title="List of rifles">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-materiel_rifle" title="Anti-materiel rifle">Anti-materiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_rifle" title="Anti-tank rifle">Anti-tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assault_rifle" title="Assault rifle">Assault</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_assault_rifles" title="List of assault rifles">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_rifle" title="Automatic rifle">Automatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_rifle" title="Battle rifle">Battle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battle_rifles" title="List of battle rifles">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbine_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbine rifle">Carbine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_carbines" title="List of carbines">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_rifle" title="Double rifle">Double</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunting rifle">Hunting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_rifle" title="Buffalo rifle">Buffalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Elephant rifle">Elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Express_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="Express rifle">Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punt_gun" title="Punt gun">Punt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varmint_rifle" title="Varmint rifle">Varmint</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Designated_marksman_rifle" title="Designated marksman rifle">Marksman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifling" title="Rifling">Rifling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polygonal_rifling" title="Polygonal rifling">Polygonal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repeating_rifle" title="Repeating rifle">Repeating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sniper_rifle" title="Sniper rifle">Sniper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sniper_rifles" title="List of sniper rifles">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">Machine guns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_purpose_machine_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="General purpose machine gun">General purpose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_machine_gun" title="Light machine gun">Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium_machine_gun" title="Medium machine gun">Medium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_machine_gun" title="Heavy machine gun">Heavy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squad_automatic_weapon" title="Squad automatic weapon">SAW</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shotgun" title="Shotgun">Shotguns</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_shotguns" title="List of shotguns">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_shotgun" title="Automatic shotgun">Automatic shotgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coach_gun" title="Coach gun">Coach gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_shotgun" title="Combat shotgun">Combat shotgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-barreled_shotgun" title="Double-barreled shotgun">Double-barreled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pump_action" title="Pump action">Pump action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riot_shotgun" title="Riot shotgun">Riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawed-off_shotgun" title="Sawed-off shotgun">Sawed-off</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Ammunition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/20-gauge_shotgun" title="20-gauge shotgun">20-gauge shotgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breaching_round" title="Breaching round">Breaching round</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon%27s_breath_(ammunition)" title="Dragon's breath (ammunition)">Dragon's breath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotgun_shell" class="mw-redirect" title="Shotgun shell">Shotgun shell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.410_bore" title=".410 bore">.410 bore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shot_(pellet)" title="Shot (pellet)">Shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotgun_slug" title="Shotgun slug">Slug</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_firearm" title="History of the firearm">Historic</a> or famous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AK-47" title="AK-47">AK-47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AR-15_style_rifle" class="mw-redirect" title="AR-15 style rifle">AR-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M16" class="mw-redirect" title="M16">M16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antique_firearms" title="Antique firearms">Antique firearms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatling_gun" title="Gatling gun">Gatling gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester_rifle" title="Winchester rifle">Winchester rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1_Garand" title="M1 Garand">M1 Garand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauser_rifles" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauser rifles">Mauser rifles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thompson_submachine_gun" title="Thompson submachine gun">Tommy Gun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP_40" title="MP 40">MP 40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzi" title="Uzi">Uzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colt_Single_Action_Army" title="Colt Single Action Army">Colt Peacemaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1911" class="mw-redirect" title="M1911">M1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glock" title="Glock">Glock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Mechanics_and_components" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Mechanics and <a href="/wiki/Category:Firearm_components" title="Category:Firearm components">components</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Firearm_components" title="Category:Firearm components">Components</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun_barrel" title="Gun barrel">Barrel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feed_ramp" title="Feed ramp">Feed ramp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slug_barrel" title="Slug barrel">Slug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrel_threads" title="Barrel threads">Threads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trunnion" title="Trunnion">Trunnion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayonet" title="Bayonet">Bayonet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belt_(firearms)" title="Belt (firearms)">Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blank-firing_adapter" title="Blank-firing adapter">Blank-firing adapter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breechblock" title="Breechblock">Breechblock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breechface" title="Breechface">Breechface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolt_(firearms)" title="Bolt (firearms)">Bolt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rotating_bolt" title="Rotating bolt">Rotating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telescoping_bolt" title="Telescoping bolt">Telescoping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flapper_locking" title="Flapper locking">Flapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_locked" title="Roller locked">Roller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilting_bolt" title="Tilting bolt">Tilting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bump_stock" title="Bump stock">Bump stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_(firearms)" title="Chamber (firearms)">Chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocking_handle" title="Cocking handle">Cocking handle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cylinder_(firearms)" title="Cylinder (firearms)">Cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extractor_(firearms)" title="Extractor (firearms)">Extractor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firing_pin" title="Firing pin">Firing pin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_suppressor" title="Flash suppressor">Flash suppressor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluting_(firearms)" title="Fluting (firearms)">Fluting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forward_assist" title="Forward assist">Forward assist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freebore" title="Freebore">Freebore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forearm_(firearm_component)" title="Forearm (firearm component)">Forearm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_forward_grip" title="Vertical forward grip">Foregrip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammer_(firearms)" title="Hammer (firearms)">Hammer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Half-cock" title="Half-cock">Half-cock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammer_(firearms)#Linear_hammer" title="Hammer (firearms)">Linear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammer_(firearms)#Striker" title="Hammer (firearms)">Striker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lock_(firearm)" title="Lock (firearm)">Lock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flintlock" title="Flintlock">Flintlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheellock" title="Wheellock">Wheellock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magazine_(firearms)" title="Magazine (firearms)">Magazine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bottom_metal" title="Bottom metal">Bottom metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clip_(firearms)" title="Clip (firearms)">Clip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_magazine" title="Drum magazine">Drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-capacity_magazine" title="High-capacity magazine">High-capacity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speedloader" title="Speedloader">Speedloader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stripper_clip" title="Stripper clip">Stripper clip</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzzle_brake" title="Muzzle brake">Muzzle brake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzzle_shroud" title="Muzzle shroud">Muzzle shroud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistol_grip" title="Pistol grip">Pistol grip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistol_slide" title="Pistol slide">Pistol slide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_system_(firearms)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail system (firearms)">Rail system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Receiver_(firearms)" title="Receiver (firearms)">Receiver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recoil_pad" title="Recoil pad">Recoil pad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rim_(firearms)" title="Rim (firearms)">Rim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_(firearms)" title="Safety (firearms)">Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sear_(firearm)" title="Sear (firearm)">Sear</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auto_sear" title="Auto sear">Auto sear</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrel_shroud" title="Barrel shroud">Shroud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silencer_(firearms)" title="Silencer (firearms)">Silencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squeeze_bore" title="Squeeze bore">Squeeze bore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choke_(firearms)" title="Choke (firearms)">Choke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_(firearms)" title="Stock (firearms)">Stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronization_gear" title="Synchronization gear">Synchronization gear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapering_(firearms)" title="Tapering (firearms)">Tapering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trigger_(firearms)" title="Trigger (firearms)">Trigger</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trigger_guard" title="Trigger guard">guard</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sight_(device)" title="Sight (device)">Sights</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diopter_sight" title="Diopter sight">Diopter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finderscope" title="Finderscope">Finderscope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globe_sight" title="Globe sight">Globe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holographic_weapon_sight" title="Holographic weapon sight">Holographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_sights" title="Iron sights">Iron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laser_sight_(firearms)" title="Laser sight (firearms)">Laser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reticle" title="Reticle">Reticle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflex_sight" class="mw-redirect" title="Reflex sight">Reflex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_dot_sight" title="Red dot sight">Red dot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sight_magnifier" title="Sight magnifier">Magnifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scope_mount" title="Scope mount">Scope mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang_sight" title="Tang sight">Tang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telescopic_sight" title="Telescopic sight">Telescopic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night-vision_device" title="Night-vision device">Night vision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_weapon_sight" title="Thermal weapon sight">Thermal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sighting_in" title="Sighting in">Zeroing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Actions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blowback_(firearms)" title="Blowback (firearms)">Blowback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blow-forward" class="mw-redirect" title="Blow-forward">Blow-forward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolt_action" title="Bolt action">Bolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxlock_action" title="Boxlock action">Boxlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breechloader" title="Breechloader">Breechloading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Break_action" title="Break action">Break</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_bolt" title="Open bolt">Open bolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_bolt" title="Closed bolt">Closed bolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_firing" title="Electronic firing">Electronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas-operated_reloading" title="Gas-operated reloading">Gas-operated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lever_action" title="Lever action">Lever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzzleloader" title="Muzzleloader">Muzzleloading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out-of-battery" title="Out-of-battery">Out-of-battery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pump_action" title="Pump action">Pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Push_feed_and_controlled_feed" title="Push feed and controlled feed">Push/Controlled feed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recoil_operation" title="Recoil operation">Recoil-operated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repeating_firearm" title="Repeating firearm">Repeating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolver" title="Revolver">Revolver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-loading_rifle" title="Self-loading rifle">Self-loading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-shot" title="Single-shot">Single-shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slamfire" title="Slamfire">Slamfire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Physics_of_firearms" title="Physics of firearms">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballistics" title="Ballistics">Ballistics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballistic_coefficient" title="Ballistic coefficient">Ballistic coefficient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/External_ballistics" title="External ballistics">External</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminal_ballistics" title="Terminal ballistics">Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transitional_ballistics" title="Transitional ballistics">Transitional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physics_of_firearms" title="Physics of firearms">Physics of firearms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangefinder" title="Rangefinder">Rangefinding/keeping</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mathematical_discussion_of_rangekeeping" title="Mathematical discussion of rangekeeping">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stadiametric_rangefinding" title="Stadiametric rangefinding">Stadiametric</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metrics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accurizing" title="Accurizing">Accurizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bore_axis" title="Bore axis">Bore axis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caliber" title="Caliber">Caliber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_error_probable" title="Circular error probable">Circular error probable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effective_range#Weapons" title="Effective range">Effective range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauge_(firearms)" title="Gauge (firearms)">Gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_chronograph" title="Gun chronograph">Gun chronograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_harmonisation" title="Gun harmonisation">Gun harmonisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headspace_(firearms)" title="Headspace (firearms)">Headspace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Length_of_pull" title="Length of pull">Length of pull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lock_time" title="Lock time">Lock time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Match_grade" title="Match grade">Match grade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mean_time_between_failures" title="Mean time between failures">Mean time between failures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minute_and_second_of_arc#Firearms" title="Minute and second of arc">Minute of Angle (MOA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzzle_(firearms)" class="mw-redirect" title="Muzzle (firearms)">Muzzle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muzzle_energy" title="Muzzle energy">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzzle_rise" title="Muzzle rise">Rise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzzle_velocity" title="Muzzle velocity">Velocity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penetration_(weaponry)" title="Penetration (weaponry)">Penetration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_factor_(shooting_sports)" title="Power factor (shooting sports)">Power factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precision-guided_firearm" title="Precision-guided firearm">Precision-guided</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rate_of_fire" title="Rate of fire">Rate of fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recoil" title="Recoil">Recoil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shot_grouping" title="Shot grouping">Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_(firearms)#Stock_measurements" title="Stock (firearms)">Stock measurements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stopping_power" title="Stopping power">Stopping power</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Handgun_effectiveness" title="Handgun effectiveness">Handgun effectiveness</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifling#Twist_rate" title="Rifling">Twist rate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Shooting_and_ammunition" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Shooting" title="Shooting">Shooting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ammunition" title="Ammunition">ammunition</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gunshot" title="Gunshot">Gunshot</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dry_fire" title="Dry fire">Dry fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting" title="Shooting">Firing (Shooting)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunshot" title="Gunshot">Gunshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shootout" title="Shootout">Firefight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firearm_maintenance" title="Firearm maintenance">Maintenance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Field_strip" title="Field strip">Field strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fouling" title="Fouling">Fouling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firearm_malfunction" title="Firearm malfunction">Malfunction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cooking_off" title="Cooking off">Cooking off</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hang_fire" title="Hang fire">Hang fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squib_load" title="Squib load">Squib load</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricochet" title="Ricochet">Ricochet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Ignition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fire_forming" title="Fire forming">Fire forming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obturation" title="Obturation">Obturation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primer_(firearms)" title="Primer (firearms)">Primer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gunpowder" title="Gunpowder">Gunpowder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percussion_cap" title="Percussion cap">Percussion cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimfire_ammunition" title="Rimfire ammunition">Rimfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubes_and_primers_for_ammunition" title="Tubes and primers for ammunition">Tubes and Primers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firearm_propellant" title="Firearm propellant">Propellant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_propellant" title="Ball propellant">Ball propellant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordite" title="Cordite">Cordite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Improved_military_rifle_powder" title="Improved military rifle powder">Improved Military Rifle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramrod" title="Ramrod">Ramrod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smokeless_powder" title="Smokeless powder">Smokeless powder</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ammunition" title="Ammunition">Ammunition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannelure" title="Cannelure">Cannelure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dummy_round" title="Dummy round">Dummy round</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Snap_cap" title="Snap cap">Snap cap</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flechette" title="Flechette">Flechette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_check" title="Gas check">Gas check</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overpressure_ammunition" title="Overpressure ammunition">Overpressure ammunition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polymer-cased_ammunition" title="Polymer-cased ammunition">PCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabot_(firearms)" title="Sabot (firearms)">Sabot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadding" title="Wadding">Wadding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bullet" title="Bullet">Bullets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armor-piercing_bullet" title="Armor-piercing bullet">Armour piercing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cast_bullet" title="Cast bullet">Cast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expanding_bullet" title="Expanding bullet">Expanding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_metal_jacket_(ammunition)" title="Full metal jacket (ammunition)">Full metal jacket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frangible_bullet" title="Frangible bullet">Frangible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_bullet" title="Green bullet">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incendiary_ammunition" title="Incendiary ammunition">Incendiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-explosive_incendiary" title="High-explosive incendiary">High explosive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-explosive_incendiary/armor-piercing_ammunition" title="High-explosive incendiary/armor-piercing ammunition">HEIAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Projectile" title="Projectile">Projectile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raufoss_Mk_211" title="Raufoss Mk 211">Raufoss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_shot" title="Round shot">Round shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saboted_light_armor_penetrator" title="Saboted light armor penetrator">SLAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft-point_bullet" title="Soft-point bullet">Soft point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supercavitating_ammunition" class="mw-redirect" title="Supercavitating ammunition">Supercavitating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_metal_jacket" title="Total metal jacket">Total metal jacket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracer_ammunition" title="Tracer ammunition">Tracer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollow-base_bullet" title="Hollow-base bullet">Hollow base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollow-point_bullet" title="Hollow-point bullet">Hollow point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini%C3%A9_ball" title="Minié ball">Minié</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meplat" title="Meplat">Meplat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic-tipped_bullet" title="Plastic-tipped bullet">Plastic tipped</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armour-piercing,_capped,_ballistic_capped_shell" title="Armour-piercing, capped, ballistic capped shell">ABCBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake_shot" title="Snake shot">Snake shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitzer_(bullet)" title="Spitzer (bullet)">Spitzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Very-low-drag_bullet" title="Very-low-drag bullet">VLD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Cartridge_(firearms)" title="Cartridge (firearms)">Cartridges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blank_(cartridge)" title="Blank (cartridge)">Blank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caseless_ammunition" title="Caseless ammunition">Caseless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centerfire_cartridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Centerfire cartridge">Centrefire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handloading" title="Handloading">Handloading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifle_cartridge" title="Rifle cartridge">Rifle cartridge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fully_powered_cartridge" title="Fully powered cartridge">Fully powered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_cartridge" title="Intermediate cartridge">Intermediate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rifle_cartridges" title="List of rifle cartridges">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_cartridge" title="Paper cartridge">Paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinfire_cartridge" title="Pinfire cartridge">Pinfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildcat_cartridge" title="Wildcat cartridge">Wildcat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Society,_safety,_industry,_and_laws" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gun_cultures" title="Gun cultures">Society</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gun_safety" title="Gun safety">safety</a>, <a href="/wiki/Firearm_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Firearm industry">industry</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Overview_of_gun_laws_by_nation" title="Overview of gun laws by nation">laws</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gun_cultures" title="Gun cultures">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celebratory_gunfire" title="Celebratory gunfire">Celebratory gunfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_ownership" title="Gun ownership">Civilian gun ownership</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Percent_of_households_with_guns_by_country" title="Percent of households with guns by country">Household ownership rates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exhibition_shooting" title="Exhibition shooting">Exhibition shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_cultures" title="Gun cultures">Gun cultures</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun_culture_in_the_United_States" title="Gun culture in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_shows_in_the_United_States" title="Gun shows in the United States">Gun shows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_firearms" title="List of U.S. state firearms">State firearms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">Hunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jungle_style_(firearm_magazines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jungle style (firearm magazines)"><i>Jungle style</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistol_duelling" class="mw-redirect" title="Pistol duelling">Pistol duelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_gun_politics_articles" title="Index of gun politics articles">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_sports" title="Shooting sports">Shooting sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civilian_Marksmanship_Program" title="Civilian Marksmanship Program">Civilian Marksmanship Program</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gun_violence" title="Gun violence">Gun violence</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Gun_safety" title="Gun safety">safety</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun_violence_in_the_United_States" title="Gun violence in the United States">in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_assassinations_by_firearm" title="List of assassinations by firearm">Assassinations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_firearm-related_death_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by firearm-related death rate">Deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_firearm_examination" title="Forensic firearm examination">Forensics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunfighter" title="Gunfighter">Gunfighter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_safety" title="Gun safety">Gun safety</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Firearm_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Firearm industry">Firearm industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_printed_firearm" title="3D printed firearm">3D printed firearm</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_3D_printed_weapons_and_parts" title="List of 3D printed weapons and parts">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_firearm_brands" title="List of firearm brands">Firearm brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Firearms_by_country" title="Category:Firearms by country">Firearms by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_shop" title="Gun shop">Gun shops</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Firearm_commerce" title="Category:Firearm commerce">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunsmith" title="Gunsmith">Gunsmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Improvised_firearm" title="Improvised firearm">Improvised firearm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most-produced_firearms" title="List of most-produced firearms">Most-produced</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privately_made_firearm" class="mw-redirect" title="Privately made firearm">Privately made</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_arms_trade" title="Small arms trade">Small arms trade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arms_control" title="Arms control">Arms control</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arms_control" title="Arms control">Arms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gun_control" title="Gun control">Gun control</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disarmament" title="Disarmament">Disarmament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_Against_Arms_Trade" title="Campaign Against Arms Trade">Campaign Against Arms Trade</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Featureless_rifles" title="Featureless rifles">Featureless rifles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overview_of_gun_laws_by_nation" title="Overview of gun laws by nation">Gun laws</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_travel_with_firearms_and_ammunition" title="Air travel with firearms and ammunition">Air travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assault_weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Assault weapons">Assault weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concealed_carry" title="Concealed carry">Concealed carry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concealed_carry_in_the_United_States" title="Concealed carry in the United States">in the U.S.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firearms_license" title="Firearms license">License</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-capacity_magazine_ban" title="High-capacity magazine ban">High-capacity magazine ban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_keep_and_bear_arms" title="Right to keep and bear arms">Right to bear arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Arms_and_Light_Weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Small Arms and Light Weapons">Small Arms & Light Weapons (SALW)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">United States Gun</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun_law_in_the_United_States" title="Gun law in the United States">Laws</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_the_United_States_by_state" title="Gun laws in the United States by state">by U.S. state</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assault_weapons_legislation_in_the_United_States" title="Assault weapons legislation in the United States">Legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Gun politics in the United States">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Assault_Weapons_Ban" title="Federal Assault Weapons Ban">Federal Assault Weapons Ban</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&oldid=1247919184">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&oldid=1247919184</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Firearm_actions" title="Category:Firearm actions">Firearm actions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Firearm_terminology" title="Category:Firearm terminology">Firearm terminology</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_December_2008" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from December 2008">Articles needing additional references from December 2008</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 September 2024, at 18:55<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Action_(firearms)&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-7dxkw","wgBackendResponseTime":218,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.528","walltime":"0.694","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2450,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":178731,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":980,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":17,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":90048,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 521.833 1 -total"," 32.45% 169.332 1 Template:Reflist"," 23.26% 121.387 10 Template:Military_navigation"," 21.77% 113.578 1 Template:Firearms"," 14.45% 75.414 2 Template:Cite_book"," 13.43% 70.079 1 Template:More_citations_needed"," 13.20% 68.880 19 Template:Cite_web"," 13.19% 68.824 1 Template:Short_description"," 12.68% 66.160 1 Template:Ambox"," 7.69% 40.138 2 Template:Pagetype"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.305","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":8656328,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-2fxxf","timestamp":"20241122140818","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Action (firearms)","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Action_(firearms)","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q5451695","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q5451695","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-09-28T21:21:03Z","dateModified":"2024-09-26T18:55:45Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a4\/ShotgunAction.JPG","headline":"firearms mechanism that moves cartridges and\/or seals the breech"}</script> </body> </html>