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id="toc-Textual_witnesses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Textual_witnesses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Textual witnesses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Textual_witnesses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ahab's_and_Jezebel's_judicial_murder_of_Naboth_(21:1–16)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ahab's_and_Jezebel's_judicial_murder_of_Naboth_(21:1–16)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ahab's and Jezebel's judicial murder of Naboth (21:1–16)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ahab's_and_Jezebel's_judicial_murder_of_Naboth_(21:1–16)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ahab's and Jezebel's judicial murder of Naboth (21:1–16) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ahab's_and_Jezebel's_judicial_murder_of_Naboth_(21:1–16)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Verse_1" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verse_1"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Verse 1</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verse_1-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elijah's_judgement_against_Ahab_and_his_court_(21:17–29)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elijah's_judgement_against_Ahab_and_his_court_(21:17–29)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Elijah's judgement against Ahab and his court (21:17–29)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elijah's_judgement_against_Ahab_and_his_court_(21:17–29)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">1 Kings 21</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div style="float: left;">← <a href="/wiki/1_Kings_20" title="1 Kings 20">chapter 20</a></div><div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_22" title="1 Kings 22">chapter 22</a> →</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Leningrad-codex-09-kings.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Leningrad-codex-09-kings.pdf/page1-250px-Leningrad-codex-09-kings.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Leningrad-codex-09-kings.pdf/page1-375px-Leningrad-codex-09-kings.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Leningrad-codex-09-kings.pdf/page1-500px-Leningrad-codex-09-kings.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="1650" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><div style="width: 250px; text-align: center; line-height: 1em">The pages containing the <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Kings" title="Books of Kings">Books of Kings</a> (1 & 2 Kings) <a href="/wiki/Leningrad_Codex" title="Leningrad Codex">Leningrad Codex</a> (1008 CE).</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Book</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Kings" title="Books of Kings">First book of Kings</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Hebrew Bible part</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im" title="Nevi'im">Nevi'im</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Order in the Hebrew part</th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Category</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im#Former_Prophets" title="Nevi'im">Former Prophets</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Christian Bible part</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Order in the Christian part</th><td class="infobox-data">11</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>1 Kings 21</b> is the 21st <a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">chapter</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Kings" title="Books of Kings">Books of Kings</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> or the First Book of Kings in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalley1965198_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalley1965198-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins2014288_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins2014288-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book is a compilation of various annals recording the acts of the kings of Israel and Judah by a Deuteronomic compiler in the seventh century BCE, with a supplement added in the sixth century BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKane1993324_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKane1993324-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This chapter belongs to the section comprising 1 Kings 16:15 to 2 Kings 8:29 which documents the period of the <a href="/wiki/Omrides" title="Omrides">Omrides</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich2007244_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich2007244-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The focus of this chapter is the reign of king <a href="/wiki/Ahab" title="Ahab">Ahab</a> in the northern kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich2007247_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich2007247-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Text">Text</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1_Kings_21&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This chapter was originally written in the <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew" title="Biblical Hebrew">Hebrew language</a> and since the 16th century <a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">is divided into</a> 29 verses. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Textual_witnesses">Textual witnesses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1_Kings_21&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Textual witnesses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew" title="Biblical Hebrew">Hebrew</a> are of the <a href="/wiki/Masoretic_Text" title="Masoretic Text">Masoretic Text</a> tradition, which includes the <a href="/wiki/Codex_Cairensis" title="Codex Cairensis">Codex Cairensis</a> (895), <a href="/wiki/Aleppo_Codex" title="Aleppo Codex">Aleppo Codex</a> (10th century), and <a href="/wiki/Leningrad_Codex" title="Leningrad Codex">Codex Leningradensis</a> (1008).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWürthwein199535–37_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWürthwein199535–37-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is also a translation into <a href="/wiki/Koine_Greek" title="Koine Greek">Koine Greek</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a>, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include <a href="/wiki/Codex_Vaticanus" title="Codex Vaticanus">Codex Vaticanus</a> (<b>B</b>; <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">G</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/781fcd09ad1ff694d53778c4d59da525ed9abeb9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.824ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}"></span><sup>B</sup>; 4th century) and <a href="/wiki/Codex_Alexandrinus" title="Codex Alexandrinus">Codex Alexandrinus</a> (<b>A</b>; <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="fraktur">G</mi> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/781fcd09ad1ff694d53778c4d59da525ed9abeb9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.824ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}"></span><sup>A</sup>; 5th century).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWürthwein199573–74_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWürthwein199573–74-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ahab's_and_Jezebel's_judicial_murder_of_Naboth_(21:1–16)"><span id="Ahab.27s_and_Jezebel.27s_judicial_murder_of_Naboth_.2821:1.E2.80.9316.29"></span><span class="anchor" id="Verses_1–16"></span> Ahab's and Jezebel's judicial murder of Naboth (21:1–16)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1_Kings_21&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ahab's and Jezebel's judicial murder of Naboth (21:1–16)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In ancient Israel the farming families (comprising over 90% of the population) were legally protected of landownership (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Leviticus#25:1" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Leviticus">Leviticus 25</a>; <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Deuteronomy#5:21" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Deuteronomy">Deuteronomy 5:21</a>), so they have a secure economic existence and thus firm citizen's rights by the allocation of sufficient land.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich2007247_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich2007247-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The farmer <a href="/wiki/Naboth" title="Naboth">Naboth</a> had thus the right as well as the duty to bequeath his land to his family and not to outsiders, to inhibit the alienation of family property (e.g., Leviticus 25:8–34; Numbers 27:9–11).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich2007247_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich2007247-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoogan2007529_Hebrew_Bible_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoogan2007529_Hebrew_Bible-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> King Ahab was to abide to this rule, but this passage shows 'how unscrupulously the king's power over the civilian rights could still be used and how compliant the lay assessors' court was to his wishes', especially when it was driven by a queen originated from abroad (<a href="/wiki/Jezebel" title="Jezebel">Jezebel</a> was from <a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a>, Phoenicia) and did not respect (or understand) Israelite ethics.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich2007247_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich2007247-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In any case, the scandal of Naboth was still an individual case, whereas the theft of land by the ruling class 100 years later would become an economic principle (<a href="/wiki/Isaiah_5:8" class="mw-redirect" title="Isaiah 5:8">Isaiah 5:8</a>; Amos 2:6; Micah 2:1-2). <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich2007247_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich2007247-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verse_1">Verse 1</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1_Kings_21&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Verse 1"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>And it came to pass after these things that Naboth the Jezreelite had a vineyard which was in Jezreel, next to the palace of Ahab king of Samaria.</i><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <ul><li>"Vineyard which was in Jezreel": In 2012, the Jezreel Expedition under the direction of Dr. Norma Franklin of the University of Haifa uncovered at the foot of Tel Jezreel a prominent ancient winery that was operating during the ninth-century BCE time of Naboth. It is a 40-square-foot wine-making complex, complete with a large treading floor, deep vats and a basin, located below a large building related to some kind of military use, also dated roughly to the ninth century BCE. The large building matches the definition of <i><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?strongs=H1964">hekhal</a></span></i> (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">הֵיכַ֣ל</span></span>, translated in this verse as "palace") which refers to a “large, important building, possibly of a military or religious nature”—not necessarily a palace.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is suggested that this ancient winery could be Naboth's vineyard, which was located next to Ahab's "palace" in Jezreel.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elijah's_judgement_against_Ahab_and_his_court_(21:17–29)"><span id="Elijah.27s_judgement_against_Ahab_and_his_court_.2821:17.E2.80.9329.29"></span><span class="anchor" id="Verses_17–29"></span> Elijah's judgement against Ahab and his court (21:17–29)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1_Kings_21&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Elijah's judgement against Ahab and his court (21:17–29)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The evil act towards Naboth required someone to confront the king and under such circumstances this was normally a prophet, such as <a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a> who suddenly stood before king Ahab in the vineyards of Naboth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich2007247_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich2007247-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After briefly listening to Ahab's surprised question (verse 20: 'Have you found me, O my enemy?'), Elijah firmly threw his accusation (verse 19: 'Have you killed, and also taken possession?'), and immediately announced the judgement (verse 19: 'In the place where dogs licked the blood of Naboth, dogs will also lick up your blood').<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich2007247_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich2007247-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elijah must have scolded Ahab in a lengthy speech (verses 20b–22, 24, closely related to the speeches in <a href="/wiki/1_Kings_14" title="1 Kings 14">1 Kings 14</a>:7–11 and <a href="/wiki/2_Kings_9" title="2 Kings 9">2 Kings 9</a>:7–10) repeating the king's religious failings (verses 25–26).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich2007247_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich2007247-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ahab's response as a repentant sinner postponed his judgement to the next generation (verses 27–29).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich2007247_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich2007247-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reference in <a href="/wiki/2_Kings_9" title="2 Kings 9">2 Kings 9</a>:36–37 ascertains the fulfilment of the prophecy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich2007247_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich2007247-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A parallel rendering of this story can be found in 2 Kings 9:25–26.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich2007247_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich2007247-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1_Kings_21&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amorites" title="Amorites">Amorites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baasha_of_Israel" title="Baasha of Israel">Baasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belial" title="Belial">Belial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fasting" title="Fasting">Fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idolatry" title="Idolatry">Idolatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Jezreel" title="Tel Jezreel">Jezreel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophet" title="Prophet">Prophet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoning" title="Stoning">Stoning</a></li></ul></div> <li>Related Bible parts: <a href="/wiki/Leviticus_25" class="mw-redirect" title="Leviticus 25">Leviticus 25</a>; <a href="/wiki/Deuteronomy_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuteronomy 5">Deuteronomy 5</a>, <a href="/wiki/1_Kings_14" title="1 Kings 14">1 Kings 14</a>, <a href="/wiki/1_Kings_15" title="1 Kings 15">1 Kings 15</a>, <a href="/wiki/1_Kings_16" title="1 Kings 16">1 Kings 16</a>, <a href="/wiki/2_Kings_9" title="2 Kings 9">2 Kings 9</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isaiah_5" title="Isaiah 5">Isaiah 5</a>; <a href="/wiki/Amos_2" title="Amos 2">Amos 2</a>; <a href="/wiki/Micah_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Micah 2">Micah 2</a></li> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1_Kings_21&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The whole book of 1 Kings is missing from the extant <a href="/wiki/Codex_Sinaiticus" title="Codex Sinaiticus">Codex Sinaiticus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1_Kings_21&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHalley1965198-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHalley1965198_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHalley1965">Halley 1965</a>, p. 198.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollins2014288-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollins2014288_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCollins2014">Collins 2014</a>, p. 288.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKane1993324-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKane1993324_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcKane1993">McKane 1993</a>, p. 324.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich2007244-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich2007244_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDietrich2007">Dietrich 2007</a>, p. 244.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDietrich2007247-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich2007247_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich2007247_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich2007247_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich2007247_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich2007247_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich2007247_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich2007247_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich2007247_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich2007247_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich2007247_5-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDietrich2007247_5-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDietrich2007">Dietrich 2007</a>, p. 247.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWürthwein199535–37-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWürthwein199535–37_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWürthwein1995">Würthwein 1995</a>, pp. 35–37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWürthwein199573–74-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWürthwein199573–74_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWürthwein1995">Würthwein 1995</a>, pp. 73–74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Codex_Sinaiticus" class="extiw" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Codex Sinaiticus">Codex Sinaiticus</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Codex+Sinaiticus&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1+Kings+21" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECoogan2007529_Hebrew_Bible-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoogan2007529_Hebrew_Bible_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCoogan2007">Coogan 2007</a>, p. 529 Hebrew Bible.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Kings+21:1&version=nkjv">1 Kings 21:1</a> <a href="/wiki/New_King_James_Version" title="New King James Version">NKJV</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nagtegaal, Brent; Eames, Christopher (2020) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://watchjerusalem.co.il/810-naboths-vineyard-found-in-jezreel">Naboth's Vineyard Found in Jezreel? Archaeologists have uncovered an ancient winery connected to Naboth's vineyard</a>. Watch Jerusalem. July 20, 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Franklin, Norma; Ebeling, Jennie; Guillaume, Philippe; Appler, Deborah (2017) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/magazine/have-we-found-naboths-vineyard-at-jezreel/">Have We Found Naboth's Vineyard at Jezreel?</a> <i>Biblical Archaeological Society</i>. November 01, 2017</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1_Kings_21&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins2014" class="citation book cs1">Collins, John J. (2014). "Chapter 14: 1 Kings 12 – 2 Kings 25". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fbsoBAAAQBAJ"><i>Introduction to the Hebrew Scriptures</i></a>. Fortress Press. pp. 277–296. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1451469233" title="Special:BookSources/978-1451469233"><bdi>978-1451469233</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+14%3A+1+Kings+12+%E2%80%93+2+Kings+25&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+the+Hebrew+Scriptures&rft.pages=277-296&rft.pub=Fortress+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1451469233&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfbsoBAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1+Kings+21" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoogan2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_D._Coogan" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael D. Coogan">Coogan, Michael David</a> (2007). Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann; Perkins, Pheme (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HmpMPgAACAAJ"><i>The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48</i></a> (Augmented 3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195288810" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195288810"><bdi>978-0195288810</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Oxford+Annotated+Bible+with+the+Apocryphal%2FDeuterocanonical+Books%3A+New+Revised+Standard+Version%2C+Issue+48&rft.edition=Augmented+3rd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0195288810&rft.aulast=Coogan&rft.aufirst=Michael+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHmpMPgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1+Kings+21" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDietrich2007" class="citation book cs1">Dietrich, Walter (2007). "13. 1 and 2 Kings". In <a href="/wiki/John_Barton_(theologian)" title="John Barton (theologian)">Barton, John</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Muddiman" title="John Muddiman">Muddiman, John</a> (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ"><i>The Oxford Bible Commentary</i></a> (first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 232–266. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199277186" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199277186"><bdi>978-0199277186</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=13.+1+and+2+Kings&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Bible+Commentary&rft.pages=232-266&rft.edition=first+%28paperback%29&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0199277186&rft.aulast=Dietrich&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZJdVkgEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1+Kings+21" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalley1965" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hampton_Halley" title="Henry Hampton Halley">Halley, Henry H.</a> (1965). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/halleysbiblehand00henr"><i>Halley's Bible Handbook: an abbreviated Bible commentary</i></a></span> (24th (revised) ed.). Zondervan Publishing House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-310-25720-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-310-25720-4"><bdi>0-310-25720-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Halley%27s+Bible+Handbook%3A+an+abbreviated+Bible+commentary&rft.edition=24th+%28revised%29&rft.pub=Zondervan+Publishing+House&rft.date=1965&rft.isbn=0-310-25720-4&rft.aulast=Halley&rft.aufirst=Henry+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhalleysbiblehand00henr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1+Kings+21" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayes2015" class="citation book cs1">Hayes, Christine (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SKbkXYHxvlAC"><i>Introduction to the Bible</i></a>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0300188271" title="Special:BookSources/978-0300188271"><bdi>978-0300188271</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+the+Bible&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0300188271&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSKbkXYHxvlAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1+Kings+21" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeithart2006" class="citation book cs1">Leithart, Peter J. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z_gvin9G7LgC"><i>1 & 2 Kings</i></a>. Brazos Theological Commentary on the Bible. Brazos Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1587431258" title="Special:BookSources/978-1587431258"><bdi>978-1587431258</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1+%26+2+Kings&rft.series=Brazos+Theological+Commentary+on+the+Bible&rft.pub=Brazos+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1587431258&rft.aulast=Leithart&rft.aufirst=Peter+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ_gvin9G7LgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1+Kings+21" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKane1993" class="citation book cs1">McKane, William (1993). "Kings, Book of". In <a href="/wiki/Bruce_M._Metzger" title="Bruce M. Metzger">Metzger, Bruce M</a>; Coogan, Michael D (eds.). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195046458"><i>The Oxford Companion to the Bible</i></a></span>. Oxford University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195046458/page/409">409</a>–413. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195046458" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195046458"><bdi>978-0195046458</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kings%2C+Book+of&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+the+Bible&rft.pages=409-413&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0195046458&rft.aulast=McKane&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780195046458&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1+Kings+21" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMetzgerCoogan1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_M._Metzger" title="Bruce M. Metzger">Metzger, Bruce M</a>; Coogan, Michael D, eds. (1993). <i>The Oxford Companion to the Bible</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195046458" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195046458"><bdi>978-0195046458</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+the+Bible&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0195046458&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1+Kings+21" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWürthwein1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ernst_W%C3%BCrthwein" title="Ernst Würthwein">Würthwein, Ernst</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC"><i>The Text of the Old Testament</i></a>. Translated by Rhodes, Erroll F. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-0788-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-0788-7"><bdi>0-8028-0788-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Text+of+the+Old+Testament&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+MI&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-8028-0788-7&rft.aulast=W%C3%BCrthwein&rft.aufirst=Ernst&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFSNKSBObCYwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1+Kings+21" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1_Kings_21&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Jewish</a> translations: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/15905">Melachim I - I Kings - Chapter 21 (Judaica Press)</a>. Hebrew text and English translation [with <a href="/wiki/Rashi" title="Rashi">Rashi</a>'s commentary] at Chabad.org</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> translations: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gospelhall.org/bible/bible.php?passage=1+Kings+21"><i>Online Bible</i> at GospelHall.org</a> (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?book_id=11&chapter=21&version=9">1 Kings chapter 21. Bible Gateway</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> <a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">chapters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_1" title="1 Kings 1">1 Kings 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_2" title="1 Kings 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_3" title="1 Kings 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_4" title="1 Kings 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_5" title="1 Kings 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_6" title="1 Kings 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_7" title="1 Kings 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_8" title="1 Kings 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_9" title="1 Kings 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_10" title="1 Kings 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_11" title="1 Kings 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_12" title="1 Kings 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_13" title="1 Kings 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_14" title="1 Kings 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_15" title="1 Kings 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_16" title="1 Kings 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_17" title="1 Kings 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_18" title="1 Kings 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_19" title="1 Kings 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_20" title="1 Kings 20">20</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Kings_22" title="1 Kings 22">22</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abel-meholah" title="Abel-meholah">Abel-meholah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammon" title="Ammon">Ammon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphek_(biblical)" title="Aphek (biblical)">Aphek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aram_(region)" title="Aram (region)">Aram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahurim" title="Bahurim">Bahurim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashan" title="Bashan">Bashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beersheba" title="Beersheba">Beersheba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethel" title="Bethel">Bethel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabul" title="Cabul">Cabul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Carmel" title="Mount Carmel">Carmel, Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorath" title="Chorath">Cherith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_(ancient_city)" title="Dan (ancient city)">Dan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_of_Paran" title="Desert of Paran">Desert of Paran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edom" title="Edom">Edom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekron" title="Ekron">Ekron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elath" title="Elath">Elath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Rogel" title="Ein Rogel">Enrogel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezion-Geber" title="Ezion-Geber">Ezion-Geber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gath_(city)" title="Gath (city)">Gath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gezer" title="Gezer">Gezer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibbethon" title="Gibbethon">Gibbethon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gihon_Spring" title="Gihon Spring">Gihon Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilead" title="Gilead">Gilead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Hazor" title="Tel Hazor">Hazor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Horeb" title="Mount Horeb">Horeb, Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezreel_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jezreel (city)">Jezreel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidron_Valley" title="Kidron Valley">Kidron Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishon_River" title="Kishon River">Kishon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachish" class="mw-redirect" title="Lachish">Lachish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanaim" title="Mahanaim">Mahanaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Megiddo" title="Tel Megiddo">Megiddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millo" title="Millo">Millo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moab" title="Moab">Moab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Ephraim" title="Mount Ephraim">Mount Ephraim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophir" title="Ophir">Ophir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramoth-Gilead" title="Ramoth-Gilead">Ramoth-Gilead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Samaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shechem" title="Shechem">Shechem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiloh_(biblical_city)" title="Shiloh (biblical city)">Shiloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarshish" title="Tarshish">Tarshish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirzah_(ancient_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirzah (ancient city)">Tirzah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Tyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarepta" title="Sarepta">Zarephath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zobah" title="Zobah">Zobah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoheleth" title="Zoheleth">Zoheleth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rulers of Israel/Judah</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abijah_of_Judah" title="Abijah of Judah">Abijam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahab" title="Ahab">Ahab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahaziah_of_Israel" title="Ahaziah of Israel">Ahaziah of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asa_of_Judah" title="Asa of Judah">Asa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baasha_of_Israel" title="Baasha of Israel">Baasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Elah" class="mw-redirect" title="King Elah">Elah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoram_of_Judah" title="Jehoram of Judah">Jehoram of Judah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoshaphat" title="Jehoshaphat">Jehoshaphat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehu" title="Jehu">Jehu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeroboam" title="Jeroboam">Jeroboam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezebel" title="Jezebel">Jezebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah" title="Josiah">Josiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadab_of_Israel" title="Nadab of Israel">Nadab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omri" title="Omri">Omri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehoboam" title="Rehoboam">Rehoboam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibni" title="Tibni">Tibni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimri_(king)" title="Zimri (king)">Zimri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rulers outside Israel/Judah</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achish" title="Achish">Achish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben-Hadad_I" title="Ben-Hadad I">Ben-Hadad I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadadezer" title="Hadadezer">Ben-Hadad II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazael" title="Hazael">Hazael</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_I" title="Hiram I">Hiram I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sheba" title="Queen of Sheba">Queen of Sheba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_III" title="Shalmaneser III">Shalmaneser III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishak" title="Shishak">Shishak</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prophets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahijah_the_Shilonite" title="Ahijah the Shilonite">Ahijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha" title="Elisha">Elisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehu_(prophet)" title="Jehu (prophet)">Jehu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micaiah" title="Micaiah">Micaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_(prophet)" title="Nathan (prophet)">Nathan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abiathar" title="Abiathar">Abiathar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abishag" title="Abishag">Abishag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abner" title="Abner">Abner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absalom" title="Absalom">Absalom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adonijah" title="Adonijah">Adonijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoniram" title="Adoniram">Adoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasa" title="Amasa">Amasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azubah_(mother_of_Jehoshaphat)" title="Azubah (mother of Jehoshaphat)">Azubah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathsheba" title="Bathsheba">Bathsheba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benaiah" title="Benaiah">Benaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_(biblical_figure)" title="Jesse (biblical figure)">Jesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joab" title="Joab">Joab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadad_the_Edomite" title="Hadad the Edomite">Hadad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haggith" title="Haggith">Haggith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maacah" title="Maacah">Maacah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naboth" title="Naboth">Naboth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimshi" title="Nimshi">Nimshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obadiah_(1_Kings)" title="Obadiah (1 Kings)">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh%27s_Daughter" title="Pharaoh's Daughter">Pharaoh's Daughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rezon_the_Syrian" title="Rezon the Syrian">Rezon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimei" title="Shimei">Shimei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zadok" title="Zadok">Zadok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeruiah" title="Zeruiah">Zeruiah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phrases/events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Ark of the Covenant">Ark of the Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asherah" title="Asherah">Asherah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baal" title="Baal">Baal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherub" title="Cherub">Cherub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronicles_of_the_Kings_of_Israel" title="Chronicles of the Kings of Israel">Chronicles of the Kings of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronicles_of_the_Kings_of_Judah" title="Chronicles of the Kings of Judah">Chronicles of the Kings of Judah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David%27s_Mighty_Warriors" title="David's Mighty Warriors">David's Mighty Warriors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_of_Holies" title="Holy of Holies">Holy of Holies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judgement_of_Solomon" title="Judgement of Solomon">Judgement of Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molten_Sea" title="Molten Sea">Molten Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Solomon" title="Prayer of Solomon">Prayer of Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raising_of_the_son_of_the_widow_of_Zarephath" title="Raising of the son of the widow of Zarephath">Raising of the son of the widow of Zarephath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Jerusalem_(925_BC)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sack of Jerusalem (925 BC)">Sack of Jerusalem (925 BC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shofar" title="Shofar">Shofar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shulamite" title="Shulamite">Shunammite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">Solomon's Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throne_of_Solomon" title="Throne of Solomon">Throne of Solomon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Textual analysis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deuteronomist" title="Deuteronomist">Deuteronomistic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_the_Kingdoms" title="Books of the Kingdoms">Books of the Kingdoms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/he:%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%91_%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93" class="extiw" title="wikisource:he:מלכים ב ניקוד">Hebrew Bible</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/el:%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%93%27" class="extiw" title="wikisource:el:Βασιλειών Γ'">Septuagint</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(Wycliffe)/3_Kings" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (Wycliffe)/3 Kings">Wycliffe Bible</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_Kings" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (King James)/1 Kings">King James Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/1_Kings" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/1 Kings">American Standard Version</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(World_English)/1_Kings" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (World English)/1 Kings">World English Version</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1_Kings_21&oldid=1227136874">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1_Kings_21&oldid=1227136874</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hebrew_Bible_chapters_about_Elijah" title="Category:Hebrew Bible chapters about Elijah">Hebrew Bible chapters about Elijah</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:First_Book_of_Kings_chapters" title="Category:First Book of Kings chapters">First Book of Kings 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