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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Abishag</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Ависага – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ависага" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abisag" title="Abisag – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Abisag" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abisag" title="Abisag – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Abisag" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abischag" title="Abischag – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Abischag" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abisag" title="Abisag – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Abisag" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abisag" title="Abisag – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Abisag" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%B9%84%EC%82%AD" title="아비삭 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아비삭" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avishag" title="Avishag – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Avishag" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abisag" title="Abisag – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Abisag" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abisag" title="Abisag – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Abisag" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%92_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA" title="אבישג השונמית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אבישג השונמית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abisag" title="Abisag – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Abisag" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%93%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%82%B0" title="アビシャグ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アビシャグ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abisjag" title="Abisjag – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Abisjag" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abiszag" title="Abiszag – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Abiszag" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abisague" title="Abisague – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Abisague" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abi%C8%99ag" title="Abișag – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Abișag" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Ависага Сунамитянка – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ависага Сунамитянка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abisag" title="Abisag – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Abisag" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Авішага – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Авішага" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%92_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%9D" title="אבישג פון שונם – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אבישג פון שונם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%AF%94%E7%85%9E" title="亚比煞 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="亚比煞" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q321469#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit 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searchaux" style="display:none">Biblical figure, servant to King David</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pedro_AM%C3%A9rico_1879_Davi_e_Abisag.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Pedro_AM%C3%A9rico_1879_Davi_e_Abisag.jpg/220px-Pedro_AM%C3%A9rico_1879_Davi_e_Abisag.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Pedro_AM%C3%A9rico_1879_Davi_e_Abisag.jpg/330px-Pedro_AM%C3%A9rico_1879_Davi_e_Abisag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Pedro_AM%C3%A9rico_1879_Davi_e_Abisag.jpg/440px-Pedro_AM%C3%A9rico_1879_Davi_e_Abisag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2464" data-file-height="1932" /></a><figcaption><i>David and Abishag</i> by <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Am%C3%A9rico" title="Pedro Américo">Pedro Américo</a>, 1879</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bathsheba_solomon_david.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Bathsheba_solomon_david.jpg/220px-Bathsheba_solomon_david.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Bathsheba_solomon_david.jpg/330px-Bathsheba_solomon_david.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Bathsheba_solomon_david.jpg/440px-Bathsheba_solomon_david.jpg 2x" data-file-width="497" data-file-height="451" /></a><figcaption>Abisag, Bathsheba, Solomon, and <a href="/wiki/Nathan_(prophet)" title="Nathan (prophet)">Nathan</a> tend to the aging David, c. 1435</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:King_David_with_Abishag.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/King_David_with_Abishag.jpg/220px-King_David_with_Abishag.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="306" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/King_David_with_Abishag.jpg/330px-King_David_with_Abishag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/King_David_with_Abishag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="388" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>, <b>Abishag</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">אבישג</span> <i><b>Avishag</b></i>) was a beautiful young woman of <a href="/wiki/Shunem" title="Shunem">Shunem</a> chosen to be a helper and <a href="/wiki/Servant" class="mw-redirect" title="Servant">servant</a> to King <a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a> in his old age.<sup id="cite_ref-Hanks_Hardcastle_Hodges_2006_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hanks_Hardcastle_Hodges_2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among Abishag's duties was to lie next to David and pass along her body heat and vigor because "they put covers on him, but he could not get warm".<sup id="cite_ref-Whedon_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whedon-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biblical_narrative">Biblical narrative</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abishag&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biblical narrative"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1 <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Kings" title="Books of Kings">Kings</a> 1:4 notes that David did not engage in sexual intercourse with her.<sup id="cite_ref-AbishagHB_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AbishagHB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When brought to David, she was a <i>na'arah</i>, which indicates youth or virginity but not necessarily both.<sup id="cite_ref-LaCocque_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaCocque-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-StudyLight_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StudyLight-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-John_Gill_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_Gill-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonetheless, there are elements of Jewish exegetical tradition which maintain that David engaged in <a href="/wiki/Anal_sex" title="Anal sex">anal</a> intercourse with Abishag and he was not totally impotent. It is speculated that King David engaged in a multicoital act of intercourse with his wife <a href="/wiki/Bathsheba" title="Bathsheba">Bathsheba</a> in his old age precisely to prove his continued virility.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After David's death, <a href="/wiki/Adonijah" title="Adonijah">Adonijah</a> (David's fourth and eldest surviving son) persuaded <a href="/wiki/Bathsheba" title="Bathsheba">Bathsheba</a>, King <a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a>'s mother, to entreat the king to permit him to <a href="/wiki/Jewish_view_of_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish view of marriage">marry</a> Abishag. Solomon suspected in this request an aspiration to the throne, since Abishag was considered David's concubine,<sup id="cite_ref-BridgeWayBible_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BridgeWayBible-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AdamClark_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AdamClark-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and so ordered <a href="/wiki/Adonijah" title="Adonijah">Adonijah</a>'s assassination (1 Kings 2:17–25). In the earlier story of <a href="/wiki/Absalom" title="Absalom">Absalom</a>'s rebellion, it is noted that having sexual relations with the former king's <a href="/wiki/Concubinage" title="Concubinage">concubine</a> is a way of proclaiming oneself to be the new king. Adonijah may have asked to marry her at the suggestion of his mother.<sup id="cite_ref-AbishagHB_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AbishagHB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some scholars point to the possibility that Abishag is the female protagonist in the <a href="/wiki/Song_of_Songs" title="Song of Songs">Song of Songs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later Jewish <a href="/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash">midrashic</a> and Christian traditions paid little attention to Abishag's role.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rashi" title="Rashi">Rashi</a> refers to her as a <i>meḥomemet</i>, or "warmer". Modern commentaries and translators have variously described her as a "housekeeper", "hot-water bottle", "heating pad," "attendant" or "bedfellow", though she is twice referred to as a <i>sokenet</i> in the text of Kings. This term, when applied to a male (<i>soken</i>), is often translated "administrator" or "palace steward" in Isaiah 22:15, leading some to believe she may have had a broader role and responsibilities.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other commentaries describe her role as being a nurse to the frail King David.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Abishag's experiences have provided inspiration for contemporary writers including <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Maria_Rilke" title="Rainer Maria Rilke">Rainer Maria Rilke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Itzik_Manger" title="Itzik Manger">Itzik Manger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louise_Gl%C3%BCck" title="Louise Glück">Louise Gluck</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Kaufman" title="Shirley Kaufman">Shirley Kaufman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The story is referred to allegorically at the end of the first part of the final volume (The Cross or in the original Norwegian, Korset) of <a href="/wiki/Kristin_Lavransdatter" title="Kristin Lavransdatter">Kristin Lavransdatter</a> by <a href="/wiki/Sigrid_Undset" title="Sigrid Undset">Sigrid Undset</a>. Abishag's name, although not her story, is invoked to begin <a href="/wiki/Robert_Frost" title="Robert Frost">Robert Frost's</a> poem "Provide, Provide."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abishag&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shunamitism" title="Shunamitism">Shunamitism</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abishag&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Hanks_Hardcastle_Hodges_2006-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hanks_Hardcastle_Hodges_2006_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHanksHardcastleHodges2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Hanks" title="Patrick Hanks">Hanks, Patrick</a>; Hardcastle, Kate; Hodges, Flavia (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9nd05X_awIgC&pg=PT42"><i>A Dictionary of First Names</i></a>. Oxford paperback reference. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-861060-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-861060-1"><bdi>978-0-19-861060-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-11-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+First+Names&rft.series=Oxford+paperback+reference&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-19-861060-1&rft.aulast=Hanks&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft.au=Hardcastle%2C+Kate&rft.au=Hodges%2C+Flavia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9nd05X_awIgC%26pg%3DPT42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbishag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whedon-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Whedon_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhedon1909" class="citation web cs1">Whedon, Daniel (1909). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/whe/1-kings-1.html">"Whedon's Commentary on the Bible"</a>. <i>StudyLight.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 12,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=StudyLight.org&rft.atitle=Whedon%27s+Commentary+on+the+Bible&rft.date=1909&rft.aulast=Whedon&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.studylight.org%2Fcommentaries%2Fwhe%2F1-kings-1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbishag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AbishagHB-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AbishagHB_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AbishagHB_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160313015433/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G2-2591300062.html">"Abishag of Shunem (fl. 1000 bce)"</a>. <i>Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia</i>. Gale Research Inc. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G2-2591300062.html">the original</a> on 13 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Abishag+of+Shunem+%28fl.+1000+bce%29&rft.btitle=Women+in+World+History%3A+A+Biographical+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Gale+Research+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.highbeam.com%2Fdoc%2F1G2-2591300062.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbishag" class="Z3988"></span><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LaCocque-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LaCocque_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLacocque2015" class="citation web cs1">Lacocque, André (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://discover-the-truth.com/2016/09/17/king-davids-marriage-to-12-year-old-abishag-bible/">"Jesus the Central Jew: His Times and His People"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 12,</span> 2019</span>. <q>unable to conceive although married because she is not yet pubescent</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jesus+the+Central+Jew%3A+His+Times+and+His+People&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Lacocque&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscover-the-truth.com%2F2016%2F09%2F17%2Fking-davids-marriage-to-12-year-old-abishag-bible%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbishag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StudyLight-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-StudyLight_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenson1857" class="citation web cs1">Benson, Joseph (1857). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/rbc/1-kings-1.html">"Joseph Benson's Commentary of the Old and New Testaments 1 Kings 1"</a>. <i>StudyLight.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 12,</span> 2019</span>. <q>Whose natural heat is fresh and wholesome, and not impaired with bearing or breeding children</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=StudyLight.org&rft.atitle=Joseph+Benson%27s+Commentary+of+the+Old+and+New+Testaments+1+Kings+1&rft.date=1857&rft.aulast=Benson&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.studylight.org%2Fcommentaries%2Frbc%2F1-kings-1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbishag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-John_Gill-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-John_Gill_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGill1748–63" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-year-range-abbreviated">Gill, John (1748–63). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/gills-exposition-of-the-bible/ruth-4-12.html">"John Gill's Commentary on Ruth 4:12"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2020</span>. <q>she was a young woman, though a widow: the Jews say she was forty years of age, as observed in (Ruth 3:10) and the elders wish and pray he might have a numerous family of the children the Lord would give him by her; and this might be the rather expected of her, as being a young woman, yet only as the gift of God, as children are, (Psalms 127:3).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Gill%27s+Commentary+on+Ruth+4%3A12&rft.date=1748%2F1763&rft.aulast=Gill&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblestudytools.com%2Fcommentaries%2Fgills-exposition-of-the-bible%2Fruth-4-12.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbishag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlein2024" class="citation journal cs1">Klein, Reuven Chaim (January 1, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hcommons.org/deposits/download/hc:65096/CONTENT/jbq_521_kleinmalevirility.pdf">"Male Virility and Biblical Power Dynamics"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Jewish Bible Quarterly</i>. <b>51</b> (1): 3–19. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17613%2Frb9g-4m16">10.17613/rb9g-4m16</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Bible+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Male+Virility+and+Biblical+Power+Dynamics&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3-19&rft.date=2024-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17613%2Frb9g-4m16&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=Reuven+Chaim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhcommons.org%2Fdeposits%2Fdownload%2Fhc%3A65096%2FCONTENT%2Fjbq_521_kleinmalevirility.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbishag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BridgeWayBible-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BridgeWayBible_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFleming2005" class="citation web cs1">Fleming, Donald C. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/bbc/1-kings-2.html">"Bridgeway Bible Commentary"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 12,</span> 2019</span>. <q>Since a new king inherited the former king's concubines, Solomon considered that Adonijah's request to marry Abishag was an attempt to claim David's throne </q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bridgeway+Bible+Commentary&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Fleming&rft.aufirst=Donald+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.studylight.org%2Fcommentaries%2Fbbc%2F1-kings-2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbishag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AdamClark-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AdamClark_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark1832" class="citation web cs1">Clark, Adam (1832). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.studylight.org/commentaries/acc/1-kings-2.html">"Adam Clark Commentaries"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 12,</span> 2019</span>. <q>He cheerfully gives up all right to the kingdom, and only desires to have this young woman, who, though she had been his father's wife or concubine, was still in a state of virginity.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Adam+Clark+Commentaries&rft.date=1832&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.studylight.org%2Fcommentaries%2Facc%2F1-kings-2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbishag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christopher W. Mitchell, <i>The Song of Songs</i> (Saint Louis: Concordia, 2003), 130–132.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoplowitz-Breier2018" class="citation journal cs1">Koplowitz-Breier (2018). "The Power of Words: The Biblical Abishag in Contemporary American Jewish Women's Poetry". <i>Studies in American Jewish Literature</i>. <b>37</b> (1): 21–36. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5325%2Fstudamerjewilite.37.1.0021">10.5325/studamerjewilite.37.1.0021</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0271-9274">0271-9274</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:165198923">165198923</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studies+in+American+Jewish+Literature&rft.atitle=The+Power+of+Words%3A+The+Biblical+Abishag+in+Contemporary+American+Jewish+Women%27s+Poetry&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=21-36&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A165198923%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0271-9274&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5325%2Fstudamerjewilite.37.1.0021&rft.au=Koplowitz-Breier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbishag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bodi" title="Daniel Bodi">Daniel Bodi</a>, <i>Abishag: Bedwarmer or Bureaucrat?</i>, Biblical Archeology Review, Summer 2024, Vol. 50., No. 2, p. 64</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <i>Zondervan NIV Bible Commentary</i>, Kenneth L. Barker & John Kohlenberger, Consulting Editors, Zondervan Publishing House, 1994, p. 490. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrost1979" class="citation book cs1">Frost, Robert (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KtComZirYE4C&dq=robert%20frost%20collected%20poems&pg=PA307"><i>The poetry of Robert Frost : the collected poems, complete and unabridged</i></a>. New York: H. Holt. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780805069860" title="Special:BookSources/9780805069860"><bdi>9780805069860</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1004925419">1004925419</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+poetry+of+Robert+Frost+%3A+the+collected+poems%2C+complete+and+unabridged&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=H.+Holt&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1004925419&rft.isbn=9780805069860&rft.aulast=Frost&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKtComZirYE4C%26dq%3Drobert%2520frost%2520collected%2520poems%26pg%3DPA307&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbishag" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abishag&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Easton%27s_Bible_Dictionary_(1897)/Abishag" class="extiw" title="s:Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Abishag">Abishag</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Easton%27s_Bible_Dictionary" title="Easton's Bible Dictionary">Easton's Bible Dictionary</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q115282500" class="extiw" title="d:Q115282500">Q115282500</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Easton%27s+Bible+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Abishag&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbishag" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenry_Gardiner_Adams1857" class="citation journal cs1">Henry Gardiner Adams, ed. (1857). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Cyclopaedia_of_Female_Biography/Abishag" class="extiw" title="s:A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Abishag">Abishag</a>". <i>A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography</i>: 3–4. <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q115282338" class="extiw" title="d:Q115282338">Q115282338</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=A+Cyclopaedia+of+Female+Biography&rft.atitle=Abishag&rft.pages=3-4&rft.date=1857&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbishag" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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